TY - JOUR A1 - Chakraborty, A. A1 - Chen, P. C. Y. T1 - South Pacific (Australia, Indonesia) JF - Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review, Montreal, Vol. IX (April 1972), pp. 28-32. Y1 - 1972 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Aihua T1 - Fromm’s Critical Ethical Dimension of Capitalism – Erich Fromm’s >Sane Society< Interpretation [论弗洛姆批判资本主义的伦理维度——弗洛姆《健全的社会》解读] JF - Journal of PLA Nanjing Institute of Politics [南京政治学院学报], No. 3, (2012), pp. 37-43. N2 - 弗洛姆在《健全的社会》一书中,首先立足于人本主义伦理学的社会精神分析学应然视域,从人的本性出发,分析人的需要。在他看来,一个健全的社会是一个符合人的需要的社会。他从人与环境的相互作用中,试图超越>生物学的<与>社会学的<方法来规定人性,进而提出了诊断人的精神健康的标准。基于上述多重视域的综合,他从人本主义伦理学的社会精神分析学理论预设出发,确立了批判资本主义的价值始点。其次,弗洛姆以其人本主义伦理学的社会精神分析学视域,透视17~18世纪资本主义演进的历史逻辑及其特性,揭示了资本主义社会人性的式微及其关系的疏离,进而论述了>物的地位高于人<的资本主义价值原则的生成。再者,弗洛姆通过分析20世纪资本主义的特征,揭示了人与自身、人与社会、人与自然伦理关系何以疏离,管理和消费等何以异化的根源。 N2 - Fromm in >Sane Society<, a book, the first based on the humanistic ethics of social psychoanalysis thought sight from human nature, the analysis of the needs of the people. In his view, a healthy society is to meet the needs of persons of a society. From human interaction with the environment, he tried to go beyond the >biology< and >sociological< approach to regulations humanity, then presents a diagnosis of the mental health standard. Based on the above multispects comprehensive, his the social psychoanalytic theory from the humanistic ethics default starting to establish a starting point of the value of the critique of capitalism.– Secondly, the Fromm its humanistic ethics social psychoanalysis sight, perspective logic of 17th and 18th century history of the evolution of capitalism and its characteristics, reveals the alienation of capitalist society, the decline of human nature and its relationship, and thus discusses the principles of capitalist values generated material outrank. Furthermore, by analyzing the characteristics of 20th century capitalism, Fromm reveals the root itself, the relationship between man and society, man and nature, ethics Kept away why the management and consumer alienation. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Chaoyan T1 - The Escape and Pursuit of Freedom. >Play It As It Lays< Psychological Analysis [自由的逃避与追求 -《顺其自然》的心理学分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art] . N2 - Joan Didion, entering the literary field in the1960's, has achieved great success in contemporary American Literature. Of Her works covers fiction with non-fiction and scriptwriting. Play It As it Lays depicts the social scenario and of America in the1960's and portrays especially the subsistent and psychological status of the female character Maria. It is for this reason that this novel becomes a symbol for the contemporary American society. This novel centers upon the process of Maria's psychological development, displaying the commonplace sense of people's insecurity and anxiety at that time, though they enjoy the abundant material pleasures. Living in the1960's, Maria takes on unconsciously all those features of that time, but only finds disappointment in the mechanism of how people think and behave. She feels more and more alienated and powerless in that world, which leads her to the midst of void.– In this thesis, the social-psychological theories by Erich Fromm are applied to analyze Maria's psychological development in the postmodern society. The theoretical framework, with >freedom< as its core conception, is intended to analyze the meaning of freedom to modern man as well as the reasons why people want to escape passive freedom and then point out the path to positive freedom. Maria's psychological status can be divided into two periods: the escape of passive freedom and the pursuit of positive freedom. Maria has experienced the disillusionment of the simulated Hollywood, wanting to escape the freedom that is gained through material pleasures and to pursue her individual freedom. The actions that Maria takes to escape the passive aspect of freedom almost end up with her self-destruction. For Maria, the three mechanisms of escape brought up by Fromm, namely, authoritarianism, destructiveness and automaton conformity, are all attempted by her unconsciously. However, by adopting these three escape mechanisms, Maria feels more isolated and anxious than ever. As a matter of fact, she doesn't want to perform as a part of this big machine called capitalism at the cost of losing herself. That's why she is defined by the society as a neurotic and ends up in neuropsychiatric hospital. Then Maria is on her way to freedom in a positive sense, which is realized through spontaneous love and work. The fact is that, in this novel, we only see the tendency and attempts of Maria's spontaneous activities as an individual self.– The spontaneity proposed by Fromm doesn't necessarily lead to any tangible results, but the willingness of individual to fully realize his true self. Through all the spontaneous activities mentioned above, Maria sets off on her way to freedom and salvation. N2 - 琼•迪迪恩,20世纪60年代步入文坛。她在文学创作上成绩斐然,在美国当代文学中地位显赫,并在小说、非小说及剧本写作上都颇有成就。迪迪恩的代表作《顺其自然》以独特的笔触描述了美国六十年代的社会图景,对生活在其中的女主人公玛利亚的生存状况和心理状况做了细致和深入的刻画,因而成为美国当代社会一个缩影。小说着力于描写玛利亚的心理发展历程,展现了后现代社会中人们物质生活充裕却又极度不安和焦虑的现状。她游离于社会和自我的边缘,无力地思考和行动,最终导致了精神崩溃。本文以弗洛姆的社会心理学为文本分析的框架,以>自由<为核心,以全新的视角诠释玛利亚的心理形成诱因和发展过程,以期能揭示现代人所处的>自由<的困境,并对此提出可供参考的解决方法。本文第一章介绍了该小说的研究现状、弗洛姆的理论框架以及本论文的结构。第二章叙述了玛利亚生活的时代背景,指出社会对于其生活方式和思想的影响,以及她对自由的渴求。第三章用弗洛姆的三种逃避自由的方式来分析玛利亚身处消极的自由中如何摆脱精神上的无力和不安。第一种是通过屈从于权威来摆脱孤独感;第二种是通过破坏自我去毁灭外在世界以摆脱外在的威胁;第三种是通过机械的自动适应来克服自身的软弱无力感。但是,这三种方式并没有使玛利亚摆脱困境,获得自由。第四章从积极自由的角度来反观玛利亚的心理发展历程,论证相对于其他人而言,她是小说总唯一一个追求积极自由的人。弗洛姆认为积极的自由应该是自发地去爱和工作,玛利亚就是这么选择的,坚持按自己的方式去生活。第五章是结论部分,通过对玛利亚心理发展过程的分析,揭示了一个身处后现代社会的女性如何面对自由困境问题并追求内心的自由。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Guowei T1 - Analysis of Culture and Freedom of Human – Fromm's Theory of Human Nature [文化的、自由的人性——弗洛姆的人性论浅析] JF - Journal of Shanxi Coal-Mining Administrators College [山西煤炭管理干部学院学报], No. 3 (2010), pp. 109-110. N2 - 弗洛姆作为20世纪西方最重要的思想家之一,一个拥有终极关怀的社会人文学者,他毕生关注当代世界各种社会制度和文化体系。在这种关注过程中,他阐发了他对人类的看法,阐释了自己的人性观。弗洛姆的人性观是独特的,是一种文化的、自由的人性观。它认为面对物欲横流的商品社会,人类应抛弃商品拜物教,学会放弃、解脱物欲对自己人性的枷锁,以此培育人类的自由人性。 N2 - Fromm, one of the most important Western thinkers of the twentieth century, was a social and humanist scholar with an ultimate concern for the various social and cultural systems of the contemporary world. In the process of this concern, he developed his view of mankind and his own view of human nature. Fromm's view of human nature is unique, a cultural and liberal view of human nature. He believed that in the face of the materialistic society, human beings should abandon commodity fetishism, learn to give up and free themselves from the shackles of materialistic desires, and thus cultivate their free human nature. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Hua T1 - Van Gogh: A Psychoanalytic Interpretation [ 梵·高:一种精神分析的解读] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Beauty & Times (Late), [美与时代(下旬)], No. 1 (2007), pp. 48-50. N2 - 梵•高是世界艺术史上最杰出的画家之一。他一生孤独、忧郁, 不懂得爱自己,从未有过弗洛姆所定义的>真正的爱<。虽通过绘画这种创造性行为与外界建立了一定联系,但终未能摆脱孤立状态,在极度孤独、悲观绝望中选择 了自杀。梵•高的经历证实了弗洛姆的观点:一个人要具有爱的能力,就需培养独立的性格和健全的人格。 N2 - Van Gogh is one of the most distinguished painters of the history of world art. His life, loneliness, depression, do not know how to love yourself, never had Fromm defined >true love<. By painting this creative act with the outside world to establish some contact, but was unable to get rid of the isolation, suicide chosen extreme loneliness, despair. Van Gogh's experience confirmed Fromm's point of view: that a person has the ability to love, you need to develop an independent personality and sound personality. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Jian T1 - Study on Fromm's Humanistic Ethics [弗洛姆人道主义伦理学研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2007. N2 - Erich Fromm is a well-known modern Western psychologists, philosophers and humanistic ethicist. Faced with the dehumanization caused by economic development, material abundance together with science and technology advancement in the 20th century, he was acutely aware that the progress of industrial civilization did nothing good to its sanity and perfectness for human soul. On the contrary, it made people roam in the knitting of the ecology imbalance, environment pollution and human alienation. In this regard, Fromm, who started with original value point of humanitarian ideology on the basis of criticizing the defects of industrial civilization, revealed the unique predicament of modern existence, and by dropping a shower of holy rain of love thoroughly, hoped for a revolution in human psychology, which could awaken human beings from the dream of alienation, thus achieving the liberation of humanity and sanity of the society. This paper, taking Fromm's humanistic ethical ideology as the main clue, explores his anthropology theory deeply and systematically.– First, through expounding his theory of human nature and social personality and survival situation of human alienation and escape from freedom, this paper lays the theoretical and practical basis for Fromm's humanistic ethics.– Second, the paper focuses on stating the theory on love and the value tendency towards paying attention to survival and contempt for occupation, which inherently includes Fromm's solution to the survival plight, and his value standard which he established for human beings getting rid of dichotomic living environment.– Then very naturally the paper points out: to build a sane society is his destination in the theory and practice of humanistic ethics, finally, it also points out its theoretical deficiencies and practical reference value in sorting out academic characteristics from Fromm's humanistic ethics. N2 - 埃利希.弗洛姆是现代西方著名的哲学家、心理学家和人道主义伦理学家,面对二十世纪的经济发展、物质丰裕、科技发达所造成的人的非人化境况,他敏锐地察觉出,工业文明的进步丝毫无益于人的心灵世界的健全与完善,相反却使人们徜徉于自己编织的生态失衡、环境污染和人性异化的网罗之中。对此、弗洛姆从人道主义思想的价值原点出发,在批判工业文明弊病的基础上,揭示出现代人独特的生存窘境,并寄望于通过普降爱的圣水、进行一场人性的心理革命,把人从异化的迷梦中唤醒,从而实现人性的解放和社会的健全。本文以弗洛姆的人道主义伦理思想为主线,对他的人学理论进行深入而系统地探讨。首先通过系统地阐发他的人性论和社会性格学说以及人的异化和逃避自由的生存境遇,夯实弗洛姆人道主义伦理思想的理论和现实基础;其次,重点阐述爱的理论和重生存轻占有的价值取向,这内蕴着弗洛姆对人类生存困境的解答以及他为人类走出二律背反的生存境遇所确立的价值向标;接着顺理成章地指出:构建一个健全的社会则是其人道主义伦理思想的理论和实践归宿;最后在对弗洛姆人道主义伦理思想的学理特征的梳理中指陈其理论缺失和借鉴意义。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jianan A1 - Liu, Ying A1 - Zhang, Nan T1 - Fascinating Shackles – Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< Analysis and Reflection [迷恋镣铐——对弗洛姆《逃避自由》的分析与思考] JF - Journal of Chifeng University (Philosophy and Social Science) [赤峰学院学报(汉文哲学社会科学版)], No. 7 (2011), pp. 43-47. N2 - 自由,一直以来都是人们向往的精神归宿,但是逃出了一切的藩篱之后,人却会面临由安全感和归属感的缺失所带来的恐慌,于是,自由也便成了新的枷锁。《逃避自由》是弗洛姆的代表作之一,文中通过对>个体化<所带来的双重影响和自由对于人们的双重含义的分析,进而得出现代人的>逃避自由<的心理机制。本文从社会哲学和心理学的角度对弗洛姆的>逃避自由<机制的起因、形成、后果及解决方法进行分析,得出人即使在不自由的境地之中,也可以拥有期望的幸福,这就是对自由的超越。 N2 - Freedom has always been the spiritual home that people aspire to, but after escaping from all boundaries, people are confronted with the panic brought about by the lack of security and sense of belonging, and freedom has become a new shackle. Through the analysis of the double impact of individualization and the double meaning of freedom to people, the paper draws out the psychological mechanism of modern people's >escape from freedom<. This paper analyzes the causes, formation, consequences and solutions of Fromm's mechanism of >escaping from freedom< from the perspective of social philosophy and psychology, and concludes that people can have the desired happiness even in the situation of not being free, which is the transcendence of freedom. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jie T1 - Fromm’s Educational Philosophy and Its Implications for the Contemporary Family Education [弗洛姆教育理念对当代家庭教育的启示] JF - Journal of Anyang Institute of Technology [安阳工学院学报], No. 1, (2012), pp. 26-28. N2 - 从父母在家庭教育中扮演的角色出发,借鉴弗洛姆理想的家庭教育理念,提出改善家庭教育可从以下几方面着手:第一,明确父母角色,实现优势互补;第二,父母双方要把握好爱的尺度;第三,完善父母人格,更好地担当教育之责。 N2 - Starting from the role of parents in family education, and learn from the Fromm ideal concept of family education, proposed to improve family education from the following aspects: first, to clear the parental role, complementary advantages; second both parents to grasp the scale of love; third, improve the personality of their parents, and the responsibility to take education. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jie T1 - Ideal Family Education Concept Inspiration to Modern Education [理想家庭教育理念对当代教育的启示] JF - Anyang Daily Newspaper [安阳日报], Henan, March 9 (2012). N2 - 弗洛姆在代表作《爱的艺术》一书中提出了有关>理想的家庭教育<的理念,探讨了父母双方在家庭教育中的重要地位。在该书中,作者把爱看做人类对自己生存问题的一种回答,是人与人之间合作统一的巨大力量,体现了弗洛姆对于社会的高度关怀。笔者认为对现代家庭教育有 N2 - Fromm in the masterpiece >The Art of Loving<, a book made about the >ideal family education< concept, explores both parents in family education in an important position. In the book, authors love to do on their own survival of human kind to answer, is the interaction between the enormous power of unified collaboration, reflecting the high degree of social concern for Fromm. I believe that there is a modern family education […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Mo T1 - Love for Human Nature’s Salvation [拯救人性的爱 - 弗洛姆人道主义伦理思想初探], Master thesis, Ethics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2005, 66 pp. N2 - Erich Fromm (1900-1980) was a famous socio-psychologist, humanistic ethicist as well as one of the main representatives of Frankfurt School. What he had presented to the human’s culture through his abundant works and research was far more than the fields of psychology and ethics, it nearly involved most of the main topics of social science which was from the macro-socio-economy, politics and culture to the micro-personal-psychology, behavior, emotions, character and temperament. He was an outstanding explainer of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis and the modern developer of this centurial significant achievement of psychology as well, therefore, he had obtained an academic status as >the Leader of New American psychoanalysis School<, Moreover, his attempts to starting up the new humanity science and the human’s deep psychology by synthesizing Marxism’s essence and Freud’s psychology, as a result, he obtained the name of >Psychology Analysis’s Marxism<. Fromm had built his system of humanistic ethics on the basis of synthesizing Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis and Marxism. Agape is the core concept of it, he had explained a series of theories and the main is about the origin, essence, purpose, use, basic elements and all kinds of expressive forms of love as well as discussions of practice of love, which is considered to be an unique one in the western ethical history. Fromm had based his theory of love on the critical inherit of traditional abstractive theory of human nature, compared with the traditional ones, his theory contains more abundant and profound connotations, firstly, his argument that love is the answer to the question of human being’s existence, which for the first time brings the issue of love into human being’s living fields, secondly, his conceive that the essence of love is giving, described the deep meanings of it. Lastly, his belief, love is an art of living which needs knowledge, power, ... N2 - 埃希里•弗洛姆(Erich.fromm,1900—1980年)是20世纪西方著名的社会心理学家、人道主义伦理学家和法兰克福学派的重要代表之一。他丰富的著作和研究给人类文化所展示的东西却远远超出了心理学和伦理学的领域,几乎涵盖了从宏观的社会经济、政治、文化到微观的个人心理、行为、情感、品格、气质特性等绝大部分社会人文科学主题。他是弗洛伊德精神分析学理论的卓越阐释者,也是这一具有世纪性意义的心理学成果的当代发展者,因此,他获得了作为“美国新精神分析学派领袖”的学术地位。而力图把马克思主义的理论精髓与弗洛伊德的心理学统一起来,创立新的社会人学和人的深层心理学。他因而又获得了“精神分析学的马克思主义”的称号。在综合弗洛伊德的精神分析理论与马克思学说的基础上,弗洛姆建构了他的人道主义伦理学体系。爱是弗洛姆人道主义伦理学体系的核心概念。在他的《爱的艺术》、《为自己的人》、《健全的社会》、《逃避自由》、《说爱》等著作中都阐释了有关爱的一系列理论问题。主要有关于爱的根源、爱的本质、目的、作用、爱的组成要素和各种表现形式以及爱的实践等问题的探讨。弗洛姆的爱的理论在西方伦理学史上可谓是独树一帜。弗洛姆是在批判和继承抽象人性论的基础上来阐述他的爱的理论,与传统的爱的理论相比,他的爱的理论内涵更为丰富,更为深刻。首先,他认为爱是对人类生存问题的解答,第一次将爱的问题纳入人类生存领域;其次,他认为爱的本质是给予,揭示了爱的深刻内涵;最后,他认为,爱并非是我们通常所认为的发生在异性之间的情感,而是一门融知识、力量、责任、关心于一体的人生艺术,这便为我们提供了爱的方法论。弗洛姆以爱为核心的人道主义伦理学理论是十分丰富和系统的。通过对人性和自由的探讨,他为人道主义伦理学体系重新建立了完整的人学理论基础,弗洛姆的社会品格学说的提出,不单是现代心理学史上的一项崭新成果,更重要的是为其伦理学建立了一种新的社会心理学方法论。这无疑是弗洛姆对现代伦理学理论发展的 Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Zhi A1 - Liang, Wei T1 - A Comment on Fromm’s >Human Nature< Theory [弗洛姆人性论评析] JF - Journal of Inner Mongolia University (Humanities and Social Sciences) [内蒙古大学学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 3 (2000), pp. 23-28. N2 - 弗洛姆自称自己的人性论超越了马克思主义人学理论 ,使人学理论达到了一个新的高度。实际上 ,由于不懂实践 ,弗洛姆把人的本性看成是天生固有的东西 ,把人的精神、意识看作是人与动物的本质区别 ,把社会性排斥在人的本性之外 ,这就造成了他的人性论的三个致命缺陷 :唯心性、非历史性和片面性 ,从而使他的人性论在根本上仍然停留在传统的资产阶级人性论的基础上 ,远未迄及马克思主义人性理论的高度 N2 - Fromm claiming their own theory of human nature beyond Marxist theory makes the theory has reached a new height. In fact, the lack of knowledge of practice, Fromm human nature as something innate to the human spirit, consciousness as the essential difference between man and animal, social rejection in human nature, three fatal flaw which resulted in his treatise of Human Nature: Spiritual, not historical, and one-sidedness, so that his theory of human nature remained fundamentally on the basis of the traditional bourgeois theory of human nature, far from till and Marxist theory of human nature the height of the [...]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Sheng T1 - >Card Square< Love Story [爱情故事·卡片·方巾] JF - Economy [经济], No. 11 (2000), p. 25. N2 - 著名学者弗洛姆曾说过:>没有了信仰,人能够生活吗?<每一个优秀企业的发展与其理念之间,也在叙说着同一个内容:理念之于企业就如同信仰之于人类本身,生活之于艺术一样,失去了理念的积淀,企业的生存就形同无源之水,无本之木。 N2 - Famous scholar Erich Fromm once said: >There is no faith, people can live it?< An excellent business development, with its philosophy between, also narrating the same content: the concept of the enterprises just as faith in human life in art, lost the concept of accumulation, and the survival of the enterprise just like a river without water, without trees. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xiaohe T1 - Fromm’s >Productive Love< and Its Contemporary Educational Meaning [ 弗洛姆>生产性的爱<的当代教育意义] JF - Business Culture (First Half) [商业文化(上半月)], No. 6 (2011), pp. 268-269. N2 - 弗洛姆的情爱观的核心在于对>生产性的爱<的强调。只有这种爱才能摆脱人的孤独现状。这种爱有主动性和分享性两个基本特征,这种爱包含了关心、责任、尊重和认识四个基本要素。在建设和谐社会的今天,他所倡导的>生产性的爱<的情爱观对维持爱情、婚姻和家庭关系,培养儿童健全人格具有重要的教育意义。 N2 - Fromm Love core concept is that the emphasis on productive love. Only this love to get rid of the the lonely status quo. This kind of love that two fundamental characteristics of the initiative and share this love to include care, responsibility, respect and understanding of the four basic elements. Important educational significance in building a harmonious society, he advocated >productive love< the concept of maintaining love, marriage and family relationships, nurturing children healthy personality. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xinhan T1 - Escape from Freedom – An Essay on Reading Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [逃避自由的启示——读弗洛姆《逃避自由》随笔] JF - Journal of Social Sciences [社会科学] [Former title: Social Sciences Shanghai China (上海社会科学)], No. 6 (1989), pp. 55-58. N2 - 自由是一个崇高而又神奇的字眼。几千年来,人们为追求自由倾注了多少激情,付出了多少血汗。美国心理分析学家和社会学家、新弗洛依德主义的创始人埃里希•弗洛姆分析了现代西方社会的群众心理,在1941年发表了《逃避自由》一书,惊世骇俗地提出了>逃避自由<的命题。该书从初版到1961年期间共再版了二十一次,在西方世界广为流传,被誉为20世纪 N2 - Freedom is a noble and magical word. For thousands of years, people have devoted much passion and sweat to the pursuit of freedom. American psychoanalyst and sociologist Erich Fromm, the founder of Neo-Freudianism, analyzed the psychology of the masses in modern Western society and published a book entitled >Escape from Freedom< in 1941, which put forward the shocking proposition of >Escape from Freedom<. The book, which was reprinted twenty-one times between its first edition and 1961, has been widely circulated in the Western world and has been hailed as the most important work of the 20th century. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Ye T1 - Psychoanalytic Interpretation of >Winesburg, Ohio< [用精神分析批评解读《小镇畸人》] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Fujian Province Foreign Languages and Literature Annual Meeting [福建省外国语文学会 2008年年会], December 2008, Ningde, Fujian, China, in Fujian Foreign Languages and Literature Annual Meeting [福建省外国语文学会2008 年年会论文集], Ningde, Fujian, China 2008, pp. 188-192. N2 - This paper is written in order to analyze Sherwood Anderson's >Winesburg, Ohio< by psychological analysis. Sigmund Freud and Erich Fromm's theories are involved to study common psychological illness like sexual depression and individual loneliness from certain stories selected from the novel. It aims to study the act of individuals and display a distorted psychological world to others by psychological analysis. Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Yongsen T1 - Fromm's Consumption Alienation Theory and Its Implications [弗洛姆消费异化理论及其启示] JF - Lanzhou Academic Journal [兰州学刊], No. 3 (2008), pp. 77-80. N2 - 文章阐述了弗洛姆的消费异化思想以及他对克服消费异化思考,讨论了他的异化理论及其克服途径对于现代国人消费的的启发意义。 N2 - Article elaborated the Fromm consumer alienation thinking and the way to overcome consumer alienation thinking, discussed his theory of alienation and its overcoming the modern Chinese consumer inspiration. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Yongsheng T1 - Erich Fromm's Humanistic-psychoanalytic Concept of Religious Psychology [弗罗姆的人本精神分析宗教心理观探析] JF - Science and Atheism [科学与无神论 ], No. 5 (2010), pp. 33-40. N2 - 弗罗姆的人本精神分析宗教心理观具有众多思想来源,其中对其影响最深刻的是弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思早期的异化理论。弗罗姆人本精神分析宗教心理观的基本特点是:从所谓>综合<的折衷主义立场出发,试图消除>权威主义宗教<的传统弊端,建立理想化的>人本主义宗教<,以帮助现代人摆脱生存困境,满足现代人在宗教方面的精神需要。其历史贡献在于:克服了弗洛伊德宗教心理观的明显缺陷;使得宗教领域的理性启蒙思想得到弘扬;在宗教类型的具体分析中显示出辩证性。其历史局限表现在:没有摆脱>泛神论<思想的传统束缚;宗教改良的思路带有>乌托邦<色彩;对宗教本质的理解不符合马克思原意。 N2 - Fromm the psychoanalytic concept of religious psychology has many sources of ideas, which is its most profound impact of Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Marx's early theory of alienation. Fromm human spirit of religious psychology concept of basic features are: from the so-called >comprehensive< eclectic standpoint, trying to eliminate the >authoritarian religion<, the traditional disadvantages of establishing idealized >humanistic religion< to help get rid of the plight of modern life, meet people's spiritual needs in the religious aspect. Contribution lies in its history: to overcome the concept of religious psychology Freud obvious defects; makes the field of religion and promoting its rational Enlightenment; religious type specific analysis shows dialectic. Reflected in its historical limitations: no get rid of >pantheism< Thought tradition-bound; religious improvement ideas with a >Utopia< color; understanding of the nature of religion does not meet Marx intent. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Yuguang T1 - Science and Technology on the Other Side – Fromm’s Theoretical and Practical thinking Technological Principles [科技的另一面——弗洛姆科技原则理论及现实思考] JF - Decision & Information (in Yukan) [决策与信息(中旬刊)], No. 5 (2013), pp. 118-119. N2 - 弗洛姆认为目前的社会正在奉行一套非人道的行为准则。在此规则下人被科技奴役,精神也陷于病态。而要促成一个健全的人格,首先要将技术重新置于人的控制之下。弗洛姆通过对科技社会的分析以及其非人道化表现的描述,找出了问题的根源。而他的分析对于处在转型时期,存在西方社会某些共同时代特征的中国社会同样具有很强的借鉴意义。 N2 - Fromm that the current society is pursuing an inhuman conduct. In this rule servant enslaved by technology, the spirit trapped in morbid. We want to promote a healthy personality, first of all to technical re-placed under the control of people. Fromm's analysis of society through science and technology as well as its inhuman description of performance, to identify the source of the problem. And in his analysis for the transition period, there is some common characteristics of the times of Western societ 's Chinese community also has a strong reference. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Yunyun T1 - Fromm's Human Explanation on Marxism – >Marx's Concept of Man< Text Research [ 弗洛姆《马克思论人》对马克思的人学解读] JF - Journal of Heilongjiang College of Education [黑龙江教育学院学报], No. 12 (2009), pp. 23-25. N2 - Actually the history of our world is the record of human’s effort to understand himself. From the ancient riddle of the sphinx to the famous saying >Man is the measure of all thing<; the admonition engraved on the temple >Know yourself< to >man’s re-discovery< brought by the renaissance; and the highlight on man’s initiative to Feuerbach’s notion of human as >perceptual one< or as >mankind<, all tell us philoso-phers have thought on the thesis of mankind from the beginning of civilization. But most of them study mankind science in an abstract way. Marx developed practice as the foundation of humanism science in >Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844<. Fromm, a well-accepted western Marxist, views Marx’s humanism thought as the revolution of humanism science, and gives a creative and true explanation on it. N2 - 一部世界历史就是一部对人本身的追问史、一部人学史。从古老的>斯芬克斯之谜<、>人是万物的尺度<、镌刻于神庙的箴言>认识你自己<到文艺复兴人本主义旗帜下>人的发现<再到德国古典哲学对>人的能动性<的强调和费尔巴哈作为>感性的<、>类的<人。哲学家们对于人自身不懈思索,然而他们都只是抽象直观地看待人。马克思扬弃了先前哲学家对人的抽象直观理解,诉之于实践的理解,实现了人学理论的深刻变革。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是反映了马克思主义人学思想的一部重要的早期著作。弗洛姆作为西方马克思主义的代表对马克思的人学有着创造性和真理性的阐释。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Zhengshuang T1 - The Spirit Rhythm of Simone Weil and Erich Fromm [ 薇依与弗罗姆的精神旋律] JF - Journal of Hotan Teachers College [和田师范专科学校学报], No. 6 (2006), pp. 2-3. N2 - As thinkers in the same era, Simone Weil and Erich Fromm have many common points, they have been devoted to do research on philosophy of Karl Marx, and have vivid backgrounds in faith. This essay is to primarily compare their thoughts in the same topics they concern, and to give affirmation through analyzing the topics. N2 - 作为同时代的心灵思考者,薇依与弗罗姆有着许多的共同点,他们都曾致力对马克思主义哲学的研究,都有着不可忽视的信仰背景。本文即从原典出发,对两人思想相通之处作出初步的阐释,给予分析和肯定 Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Wenying A1 - Su, Baiyi A1 - Chen, Ge T1 - Lukacs’ Reification Theory and Fromm’s Theory of Alienation Differences [卢卡奇的物化理论与弗洛姆异化理论的差异比较] JF - The World and Chongqing [重庆与世界], No. 11 (2010), pp. 53-55, 58. N2 - 西方早期著名的马克思主义者卢卡奇在长期的革命实践生涯中,根据马克思的商品拜物教理论创造性地提出了物化理论,用以从总体上批判资本主义社会的物化现象;而弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义者弗洛姆,则从心理学的角度,具体描述了当代资本主义社会中的异化现象,将其视为资本主义社会制度下的人的病态心理。两者从不同的视角揭示了现代社会的异常现象,为我们研究资本主义社会提供了丰富的理论基础。 N2 - In famous Marxist of the early Chinese] Western advocates Lukacs in the revolutionary practice of long-term career, according to Marx's commodity fetishism theory creatively materialized theory to a general critique of capitalist society materialization. Freudianism Marxist Fromm, from a psychological point of view, specific description of alienation in contemporary capitalist society, as morbid psychology of the people under the capitalist system. Both reveal anomalies of modern society from a different perspective, and provides a theoretical basis for our research capitalist society. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yu, Jianxing A1 - Chen, Jianhai T1 - The Evolution and Transformation in Marxist Ideological Theory [马克思主义意识形态理论的嬗变与转型] JF - The Northern Forum [北方论丛], No. 1 (2008), pp. 112-118. N2 - 意识形态理论是马克思主义的重要组成部分。马克思开创性地奠定了意识形态批判的基本框架,也留下了不少悬而未决的问题,这给后世既造成了诸多争议,也为理论创新与发展开辟了广阔空间。马克思之后,马克思主义意识形态理论经历了两次重要嬗变。其一始于卢卡奇、葛兰西,并在随后的法兰克福学派那里得到了充分展开,意识形态批判理论发展到一个新的高度;与这一条主线相伴随的还有以赖希、弗洛姆为代表的社会心理研究和阿尔都塞的结构主义。其二是以拉克劳、墨菲为代表的后马克思主义思潮,拉克劳、墨菲通过阐发>接合的意识形态<,实现了当代意识形态研究的转型。 N2 - The ideological theory is an important part of Marxism. Karl Marx creatively built the basic framework of ideological critique, but he also left behind many unsolved problems, which not only brought about many arguments for the later generations, but also inaugurated an extensive space for the theoretical innovation and development. The Marxist ideological theory has experienced two important transformations. Firstly, started from Georg Lukács and Antonio Gramsci, and fully spread in the Frankfurt School, the ideological critique theory came into a new stage. Simultaneously, the social psychological study representatively discussed by Wilhelm Reich and Erich Fromm and Althusser’s Structuralism are also the two important threads. Secondly, it happened in the thoughts of Post-Marxism, the ideological study achieved its modern transformation when Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe elucidated the >ideology of articulation<. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Aihua T1 - Patterns of Modern People’s Living Antinomies and Their Transcendence: Analyzing Fromm’s Man for Himself from Moral Philosophical Perspective [现代人生存的二律背反样态及其超越] JF - Jianghai Academic Journal [江海学刊], No. 2 (2015), pp. 40-46, 238. N2 - 在《为自己的人》一书中,围绕>道—德形态<的基本问题,弗洛姆揭示了人与自然伦理关系的二律背反、理性—人所蕴涵的二律背反;围绕>伦—理形态<的基本问题,他揭示了当代人与自身力量的关系被作为商品的知识所中介,进而导致人与其自身力量的二律背反;围绕>伦理—道德形态<的基本问题,弗洛姆指出,现代发达资本主义社会由于缺乏设计>更好的<人和>更好的<社会之眼光,使人与人、人与社会二律背反。如何才能消除或者超越上述的二律背反,成为一个完整意义上的人。弗洛姆试图从伦理学与心理学的结合构建基于生产性的人道主义—普遍伦理学。然而,在方法论上,他囿于人本主义伦理学及其精神分析社会—心理学的运思,脱离了现实社会基础,在实践中只能是一种>乌托邦<。 N2 - In >Man for Himself<, Erich Fromm revealed the antinomy of the ethical relationship between man and nature, and the antinomy contained in nous-man centering on the basic problem about >Tao-Te< morphology; he disclosed that the relationship between modern people and themselves was mediated by the knowledge as commodity and then further led to the antinomy between man and himself centering on the basic problem about >Lun-Li< morphology; and he pointed out the antinomy between man and man, man and society during to the near sight in capitalist designing >better man< and >better society< centering on the basic problem about >ethics-moral< morphology. Based on these, Fromm brought up how to eliminate or transcend the multiple antinomies so as to become a complete man. Therefore, Fromm attempted to cultivate production humanitarian- universal ethics by combining ethics and psychology. However, Fromm’s theory can only be a >utopia< in practice because of his over-focus on humanistic ethics and psychoanalytic social-psychology in methodology, and the detachment from the realistic social foundation. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Kepin T1 - [Freedom and Loneliness: The Psychological Dilemma of Contemporary College Students' Internet Obsession: Reflections According Fromm's Thought of >Escape from Freedom<] [自由与孤独:当代大学生网络迷恋心理困境——由弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想引发的思考] JF - Journal of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry (Social Science) [郑州轻工业学院学报(社会科学版)], No. 3 (2015), pp. 98-101. N2 - 随着高等教育大众化时代的到来,大学生群体日益壮大,其存在与影响备受社会关注。20世纪西方著名精神分析学家弗洛姆,毕生致力于人的心理机制和性格结构的分析,其>逃避自由<思想对当代大学生网络迷恋心理困境分析有着重要的启示意义。弗洛姆的自由悖论生动地映照了当代大学生网络迷恋的心理矛盾,即自由与孤独并存。弗洛姆提出的确立>积极自由的存在状态<,为当代大学生走出网络迷恋心理困境指明了方向,其根本途径是让当代大学生积极地以爱>投入学习<,争取>积极自由<,超越异化,不再受网络技术所奴役,并最终成为网络技术的掌控者,从而进入既自由又不孤独的生存状态。 N2 - In the 20th century, Fromm, a famous psychoanalyst, devoted himself to the analysis of human psychological mechanism and personality structure, and his idea of >escape from freedom< is of great significance to the analysis of the psychological dilemma of contemporary college students' cyber-obsession. Fromm's paradox of freedom vividly reflects the psychological contradiction of contemporary college students' Internet obsession, that is, the co-existence of freedom and loneliness. The fundamental way is to let the contemporary college students actively devote themselves to learning with love, strive for >positive freedom<, transcend alienation, no longer be enslaved by network technology, and eventually become the controller of network technology, so as to enter into a state of existence that is both free and not lonely. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Lu T1 - The Authoritarian Personality and Reflection of Its Real Impact on China [浅析威权主义人格并反思其对中国的现实影响] JF - Reform & Openning [改革与开放], No. 13 (2015), pp. 87-88. N2 - 威权主义人格被弗洛姆戏称为>自行车性格<,此比喻既形象又颇具讽刺意味具有这种人格的人对上卑躬屈膝,对下唯我独尊。现实生活中这类人并不少见。本文分析了威权主义人格对我国现实的影响,探讨了塑造与人为善的健康人格的途径。 N2 - Authoritarian personality is Fromm dubbed the >bicycle character<, this metaphor both image and irony of having such a personality on groveling, under overweening. In real life these people is not uncommon. This paper analyzes the impact of the authoritarian personality of our reality, and explored ways to create good health and human personality. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Ning T1 - Marcuse’s >Needs Theory< Analysis Review [马尔库塞>需要理论<析评] JF - Journal of the Graduates Sun Yat-Sen University (Social Sciences) [中山大学研究生学刊(社会科学版)], No. 2 (2000), pp. 89-94. N2 - 法兰克福学派的著名代表人物马尔库塞通过对弗洛伊德思想的哲学探讨完成了他的>需要理论<。它表达了对当代工业文明社会下人的困境的关注,同时,马尔库塞的>新需要观<与弗洛姆的>人性需要<以及马斯洛的>需要层次论<之间既有其内在联系,也有其显见的不同。本文在析评马尔库塞>需要理论<的基础上也兼评了三者之间的关系。 N2 - Famous representative of the Frankfurt School of philosophy Marcuse by exploring ideas of Freud completed his >needs theory<. It expressed concern over the plight of contemporary industrial civilization servant, while Marcuse's >new concept needs< and Fromm's >human needs< and Maslow's >hierarchy of needs< between both its intrinsically linked and have their obvious differences. Based on the analysis of Marcuse’s >needs theory< and also on the basis of the relationship between the three ratings. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Shifu T1 - Humanism or Marxism? – Preface to Chinese Translation of >Marx's Concept of Man< [人本主义还是马克思主义?——《马克思论人》中译本译编者序] JF - The Journal of Humanities [人文杂志], No. 5 (1991), pp. 22-27. N2 - 埃利希•弗洛姆是西德著名的哲学家和心理学家,闻名于世的西方马克思主义者,法兰克福学派的代表人物,新弗洛伊德学派创始人。他1900年5月23日出生于美茵河畔的法兰克福,1934年希特勒上台不久便流亡到美国,1949年移居墨西哥度过一生,于1980年5月17日逝世。 N2 - Erich Fromm is a famous philosopher and psychologist in West Germany, a well-known Western Marxist, a representative of the Frankfurt School, and the founder of the Neo-Freudian School. He was born on May 23, 1900 in Frankfurt on the Main River. In 1934, shortly after Hitler came to power he went into exile to the United States. He moved to Mexico in 1949 to spend his life, and died on May 17, 1980. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Susu T1 - On the Jiangsu Chinese Teaching Materials in Context of Love: Problems and Countermeasures 浅谈苏教版语文教材中爱情篇目存在的问题及对策] JF - Modern Chinese (Language Research Edition) [现代语文(教学研究版)], No. 4 (2015), pp. 151-153. N2 - 根据我国学制,高中生的年龄一般在15—18岁左右,正处在青春中后期,这时的学生生理发育已经成熟,出现了与异性交往的渴求,想了解、接近异性,甚至出现了朦胧的爱情念头。面对情感困惑,由于无从学习、无人指导及家长、老师的回避、打压以及自己心理发育还很不成熟等原因,导致了青春期的情感问题成为了困扰学生的最大问题。弗洛姆认为,>爱是一种艺术,它像其他艺术一样,是可以而且应该学习的。<[1]作为处在教育主流位置的语文是有义务帮助高中生树立正确的爱情观与婚姻观并教会学生如何处理情感问题的,但高中语文教材中的爱情篇目是否能真正解 N2 - According to China's educational system, high school age is generally around 15-18 years old, is in the late youth, when the students physical development has matured, there has been the desire of the opposite sex, I would like to know, close to the opposite sex, even a hazy idea of love. The face of emotional confusion, as unable to learn, no one guidance and parents, teachers avoid, suppress and their own psychological development is still immature and other reasons, led to the emotional problems of adolescence become the biggest problem of troubled students. Fromm believes that >love is an art, it is like other art, can and should learn.< As the mainstream position in language education is an obligation to help high school students to establish a correct view of love and marriage View and teach students how to deal with emotional problems, but high school language textbook contents in love it can really Solutions.] [automatic translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Wei T1 - Reading Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [读弗洛姆的《逃避自由》有感] JF - Literature Education (Middle) [文学教育(中)], No 8 (2013), p. 29. N2 - 伴随着社会现代化进程的加快,>农民工进城<成为了一种普遍现象,然而作为城市外来人员,农民工显得那样的孤独和无助。本文通过弗洛姆的《逃避自由》一书,用弗洛姆的观点具体分析农民工孤独的内心形成的原因,从而更好地使得农民工身心的健康发展。 N2 - With the accelerating process of social modernization, >migrant workers going to the cities< has become a common phenomenon, but as foreigners in the cities, migrant workers seem to be so lonely and helpless. Through Fromm's book >Escape from Freedom<, this paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of loneliness in migrant workers from Fromm's point of view, so as to better promote the physical and mental health of migrant workers. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xinxing T1 - Consumption Alienation among Contemporary College Students and Adjustment of Irrational Consumer Psychology in Accordance with Fromm [从弗洛姆消费异化思想看当代大学生非理性消费心理及其调适] JF - Education Review [教育评论], No. 6 (2015), pp. 11-13. N2 - 当代大学生存在诸多非理性消费心理。文章探讨它的表现及根源,并运用弗洛姆消费异化思想对其进行解释,梳理异化消费的危害,讨论非理性消费心理的调适途径。 N2 - Contemporary college students, there are many irrational consumer psychology. The article discusses its performance and its causes, and the use of consumer alienation Fromm thought to interpret them, sort of alienation of consumer harm, discussion of irrational consumer psychology adjustment. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Chen, Xiurong T1 - Fo luo mu de zhengzhì sixiang 佛洛姆的政治思想 [Fromm’s Political Thought], Taipei: Sanmin Shuju 三民书局 [San Min Book Company]. Y1 - 1992 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Chen, Xiurong T1 - Fó luo mu de ren ben zhuyi: Qi yuanyuan, neirong he yingxiang 佛洛姆的人本主义:其渊源、内容和影响 [Fromm's Humanism: Its Origins, Content and Implications], Taipei: Tangshan chuban she 唐山出版社 [Tangshan Publishing House]. Y1 - 1992 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xueming T1 - Love, Desire of Love and Libido – On the Sexual Ethics of >Western Marxism< [爱情、爱欲与性欲——评>西方马克思主义<性伦理学] JF - The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute [江苏行政学院学报], No. 6 (2004), pp. 10-16. N2 - >西方马克思主义<理论家的伦理观点主要是围绕着>爱<和>性<规划人生并为之指示路向和提供原则的。弗洛姆的>爱情伦理学<同费尔巴哈的>爱的宗教<有着内在联系,从总体上看有泛爱主义的倾向;马尔库塞的>爱欲伦理学<从存在论的角度对人寻求新的存在,具有相当强的理论感召力和征服力;赖希的>性欲伦理学<是一种赤裸裸的性革命、性解放理论,在许多人还未充分享受到>寓于爱情中的自然的幸福<的情况下,这一理论激荡人们的心灵也不是偶然的。 N2 - Theoreticians of >Western Marxism< define life and offer guidelines for life with >love< and >sex<. Fromm’s >love ethics< is interrelated with Feuerbach’s >religion of love< and both have the trend of pan love in general; Marcuse’s >ethics of love desire< seek for a new existence of man in the perspective of existentialism and it has strong theoretical appeals; Reich’s >sexual ethics< is kind of complete sexual revolution and emancipation, which appeals to man’s heart when a lot of people haven’t enjoyed the >natural happiness in love<. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Yongsheng T1 - Fromm's Humanistic Psychoanalysis Psychological Concept of Religion (Part 2) 弗罗姆的人本精神分析宗教心理观探析(二) JF - Science and Atheism [科学与无神论], No. 6 (2011), pp. 43-45. N2 - 弗罗姆的人本精神分析宗教心理观具有众多思想来源,其中对其影响最深刻的是弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思早期的异化理论。弗罗姆人本精神分析宗教心理观的基本特点是:从所谓>综合<的折衷主义立场出发,试图消除>权威主义宗教<的传统弊端,建立理想化的>人本主义宗教<,以帮助现代人摆脱生存困境,满足现代人在宗教方面的精神需要。其历史贡献在于:克服了弗洛伊德宗教心理观的明显缺陷;使得宗教领域的理性启蒙思想得到弘扬;在宗教类型的具体分析中显示出辩证性。其历史局限表现在:没有摆脱>泛神论<思想的传统束缚;宗教改良的思路带有>乌托邦<色彩;对宗教本质的理解不符合马克思原意。 N2 - Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis psychological concept of religious thought has many sources, including its most profound impact is Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Marx's theory of alienation early. Fromm people the basic features of the psychoanalytic concept of the psychology of religion: the so-called >comprehensive< eclectic standpoint, trying to eliminate the >authoritarian religion<, the traditional disadvantages of establishing idealized >religious humanism< to help get rid of the plight of modern living, to meet the modern needs of the religious spirit. Its historical contribution is: to overcome the obvious shortcomings of Freud's concept of religious psychology; makes religious ideology get in the field of promoting rational enlightenment; showing dialectic analysis in specific religious type. Its historical performance limitations: no restraint from the traditional >pantheism< ideology; religious improvement ideas with >Utopia< color; understanding of the nature of religion does not meet the intent of Marx. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Yuhua T1 - Book Report on Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< [弗洛姆《逃避自由》读书报告] JF - Journal of Jiamusi Education Institute [佳木斯教育学院学报], No. 6 (2014), pp. 69-70. N2 - 自文艺复兴以来,人被解放了,越来越多的学者开始探讨与人自身相关的问题。这篇文章通过读书学习的形式分析了现代人孤独、烦闷等生活困惑的原因及对策。文章通过对>自由<概念的探讨,和对弗洛姆思想特色的了解,来解读书中的主要内容:人逃避自由的原因、逃避自由的机制并指出最终的出路是爱和自发的劳动。由书中的内容出发,对现代异化浪潮下,人们的孤独、不安等困惑进行分析并得出>现代人应该像弗洛姆提出的那样,认识自己,自由自发的进行热爱的实践活动,实现自己的价值<的对策。 N2 - Since the Renaissance, people have been emancipated, and more and more scholars have begun to explore issues related to people themselves. In this article, we analyze the causes and solutions of loneliness, boredom and other confusions in modern life through reading and studying. The article explores the concept of >freedom< and the characteristics of Fromm's thought to explain the main contents of the book: the reasons why people escape from freedom, the mechanisms of escape and the ultimate way out is love and spontaneous work. From the contents of the book, we will analyze the loneliness and anxiety of people in the midst of modern alienation, and come up with a solution that >modern people should realize their own values by knowing themselves and practicing their love freely and spontaneously<, as proposed by Fromm. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Yupeng T1 - Economic Unconscious, Unconscious Economy – From a Psychological (Unconscious) Knowledge of Economics Angle [经济无意识,无意识经济——从心理学(无意识)角度浅谈经济认识] JF - Modern Property Management (In Yukan) [ 现代物业(中旬刊)], No. 8 (2008), pp. 6-10, 91. N2 - >无意识<作为二十世纪兴起的心理学现象,正日益的渗入人们的生活的方方面面。从弗洛伊德的>个人潜意识<,至荣格的>集体无意识<,到弗洛姆的社会潜意识与汉德森的文化无意识,我们看到无意识的>繁荣<,它日益深入我们人内在深处的本质世界中去或是把它本来的面目真实的呈现给我们。从意识与无意识的关系中,与其说我们意识着活着,不如说我们在说我们在无意识进行一种精神的演绎。本文先从个人、社会无意识分析,在这两个>无意识<分析之上,通过对经济两个基本动因的分析与>经济人<无意识比较分析,引导到>经济无意识<分析当中。最后>无意识经济<则是>经济无意识<之下的经济形态。 N2 - >Unconscious< as a phenomenon of the twentieth century, the rise of psychology, is increasingly infiltrated every aspect of people's lives. From Freud's >personal unconscious<, to Jung's >collective unconscious<, to Fromm's social and cultural unconscious subconscious Henderson, we see the unconscious >prosperity<. It deepens our inner depths of human nature to the world, or it would have been the face of real presents to us. From the relationship between the conscious and the unconscious, and so much of our consciousness of living, but rather that we are saying we conducted a spiritual interpretation of the unconscious. This paper begins with personal, social unconscious analysis on these two >unconscious< analysis by two basic dynamic of economic analysis and comparative analysis of the unconscious due to >economic man<, directed to the >Economic unconscious<, the analysis. Finally, the >unconscious economy< is economic form >Economic unconscious< below. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lai, Chen T1 - Humanistic Psychoanalysis on Colonel in One Hundred Years of Solitude [《百年孤独》中上校的人本主义精神分析], English Language and Literature, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [哥伦比亚作家加西亚•马尔克斯的魔幻现实主义名著《百年孤独》自出版以来就备受关注。前人从很多方面研究过小说中的孤独氛围,但从心理分析的角度来剖析角色的孤独心理的研究却不多。本文试用埃里希•弗洛姆的人本主义精神分析理论来解读小说中的主角,也是最为可悲的人物,奥雷里亚诺上校终生都无法摆脱的孤独。本文认为导致奥雷里亚诺上校孤独的原因有三个方面。首先,本文分析了上校生命的破坏欲:爱的能力的缺失使得他很难在生命中有所创造,而战争又将他原本就微弱的创造欲转化成破坏欲,他只能通过破坏生命来满足超越的需求。其次,剖析了上校对他人的屈从与顺从:与生俱来的孤僻和预言本领让他与家人和世界隔离开来,他的一生是与他人疏远异化的。但因为关联需求的驱使,孤僻的上校也无法避免想要与他人联系,他只能屈从于比自身强大的力量来找到关联感,这种不理智的屈从正是他受虐倾向的体现。另一方面,上校在体验自我身份感上的失败,使得他只能通过顺从他人来寻找自我,但是这样得来的自我是只能一种伪自我,他无法真正满足对于身份感的需求。最后,是对上校乱伦的解读:上校无力通过自身的努力来找到自己的新根,他无法摆脱对于母亲的乱伦欲望,即无法摆脱自然的根的束缚,也就不能真正满足根性的需求。本文借助了弗洛姆的人本主义精神分析理论和马尔克斯终结孤独的写作愿望,分析了小说主人翁孤独的症结所在。破坏欲,屈从与顺从,乱伦,这些都是上校对精神需求的消极满足,这种满足是不充分的,无力的,不足以让他真正摆脱孤独与不安,这也就注定了他终生的孤独。本文希望通过找寻孤独的真正原因,对活在浮躁世界中的现代人摆脱孤独带来启发。] N2 - One Hundred Years of Solitude, a renowned work of magic realism by the Columbian writer Garcia Marquez, has been receiving continuous attention since its publication. The solitary atmosphere has been studied in many aspects by lots of researchers, but about the analysis of the figure’s solitary mind from a psychological perspective is quite few. For this reason, this paper tries to read lifetime solitude of the hero Colonel Aureliano Buendia, who is also the most solitary and pathetic man in the novel in the view of Erich Fromm’s psychoanalysis. - This thesis concludes that there are three reasons for Colonel Aureliano’s solitude: The first is Colonel’s destructiveness on life: Colonel’s incapability of love makes him hard to create in life, and the war further turns his weak creativeness into destructiveness, which causes him to destroy life to answer the transcendence need. The second is Colonel’s submission and conformity to others: the inherent solitude and premonition estrange him from family and world. His whole life is alienated from others. Distant Colonel cannot avoid to be related under the urge of the need for relatedness, but he has to submit to the strong external power to answer it. This irrational submission is the expression of his masochistic strivings. On the other hand, Colonel’s failure of sensing self makes him to conform to others to experience it, but this self is a pseudo self, which cannot make him satisfied in answering the need for identity. The last is Colonel’s incest problem: Colonel is not capable of finding his new roots by himself. He is unable to get rid of the incestuous desire on mother, which means that he cannot break away from the constraint of natural roots and fails to answer the need of rootedness. - This thesis has pointed out main hero’s crux of solitude in the aid of Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis and Marquez’s writing intention of ending solitude. Destructiveness, submission, conformity and incest are Colonel’s negative satisfactions of psychological needs. This satisfaction is insufficient and impotent to make him truly escape from aloneness and insecurity, which determines his life-long solitude. This thesis is accomplished under the wish to enlighten the people who live in the blundering world to get rid of solitude. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Guangjin A1 - Chen, Zhaoyang T1 - The Love Concept of College Students from a Survey [从一个调查看大学生的爱情观] JF - Popular Psychology [大众心理学, ] No. 8 ( 2015 (08), pp. 40-41. N2 - 随着经济和社会的发展,我们经常能在网络和现实生活中看到这样的场景:在爱情中,你爱我就必须服从我;爱情就像游戏,玩完这局还有下一局在等着。这些凸显了现代社会中一部分人对爱情的本质缺乏正确的认识。一般情况下,爱情是进入婚姻殿堂的必经之路,以爱情为基础的婚姻往往会是幸福的。那么,作为常被人讨论和关注的爱情到底是什么呢?对于这个问题,众说纷纭。早在1970年罗宾认为:爱情是个体对待特定他人持有的一种态度,包括更加思念对方,希望和对方身体接触,以及特定的行为举止,它有3种成份,即亲密依赖需求,帮助倾向,排他性和占有性倾 N2 - With the development of economy and society, we often see such a scene in the network and in real life: in love, you love me you must obey me; love is like the game comes to an end This bureau also waiting for the next round. These highlight some of the people in modern society the nature of the lack of proper understanding of love. Under normal circumstances, love is the only way to enter the marriage, based on love marriages tend to be happy. So, talking about love in the end, as people often what is it? For this problem, different opinions. As early as 1970 Robin said: Love is an attitude held by a particular individual to treat others, including more miss each other, hope and other physical contact, as well as specific behavior, it has three kinds of ingredients, namely close dependence needs help tendencies, exclusivity and possession of dumping. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Lin-na T1 - The Female Salvation in Hesse’s Novels of Early and Medium Stage [论黑塞早中期小说中的女性救赎], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 赫尔曼·黑塞(Hermann Hesse,1877-1962)是20世纪德国杰出的浪漫主义作家,被誉为>德国浪漫派的最后一位骑士<。黑塞深受浪漫主义影响,他将自己的小说称为>心灵传记<,在其创作中始终关注人与世界、与自身的关系,因此其小说全方位地展现了不同阶段的人与外界的矛盾以及因此产生的救赎渴望。本论文试图从黑塞的个人经历和思想入手,借助女性形象的分析,从自然之女、欲望的张扬、生活之母的伟大想象等三个层面上历时性地探讨黑塞小说中的女性救赎观念,并将其救赎道路的展开置于特定的时代背景和文学传统中,发掘其女性救赎背后独特的文化内涵及精神意义。论文主体分成四个部分,为四章。第一章主要从共时和历时两个角度,从黑塞的个人经历和文化传统两个方面入手,探究黑塞在个人与时代危机中的救赎意识的产生,并将作家置于文学传统中进行观照,指出其以女性为依托的救赎意识实际上来源于作家对浪漫主义文学传统即先代诗哲智慧的有益吸收。第二章以作家的早期作品《彼得·卡门青》为例,重点借用了生态女性主义和弗洛姆>爱的哲学<的某些观点,指出青年对心灵家园的困惑与追寻是其救赎的发轫,由此这一时期的女性典型地带有自然特性,正是在这个维度上,女性为男性指明了救赎之路,即爱的哲学。第三章以黑塞代表作之一的《荒原狼》为主要分析对象,是本文论述的重点和难点。本章以荣格的原型分析理论为架构,试图从原型角度论述小说中男性的分裂与冲突以及女性阿尼玛原型所具有的救赎意义,在此基础上揭示出黑塞这一时期的>幽默哲学<,其本质是一种苦难哲学和超越哲学。第四章着重探讨《纳尔齐斯与歌尔德蒙》中的女性救赎主题。首先借用尼采>成为你自己<的道德哲学来分析小说主人公歌尔德蒙的救赎之路的展开,即对真实自我的认识。在此过程中,女性扮演艺术和性爱女神,并在作家的塑造中成就了生活之母的伟大想象,第三节重点论述小说中体现的死亡哲学,即关于生与死、死与爱的关系。由此黑塞在技术与理性的时代氛围中,通过对感性之爱与死亡的吟唱,在一个审美的世界中表现了自身对个体救赎的内在探索。 N2 - Herman Hesse (1877 – 1962) was an outstanding German Romantic writer of the 20th century, known as >the last knight of German Romanticism<. Hesse was deeply influenced by Romanticism, he called his novels >spiritual biography<, he always focused on the relationship between man and the world and himself, therefore his novels comprehensively show the contradiction between man and the outside world at different stages and the desire for redemption that arises from it. This thesis attempts to discuss the concept of female redemption in Hesse's novels from the perspective of Hesse's personal experiences and thoughts, the analysis of female images, and the great imagination of the mother of life, etc. The thesis also places the development of Hesse's redemption path in the specific background of the times and literary traditions, so as to discover the unique cultural connotation and spiritual meaning behind female redemption. The main body of the paper is divided into four parts, consisting of four chapters. The first chapter focuses on the two aspects of Hesse's personal experiences and cultural traditions, from the perspectives of common time and epoch, to investigate the emergence of Hesse's redemption consciousness in the crisis of his personal and epochal times, and place the writer in the literary tradition for observation, pointing out that his redemption consciousness based on women actually originates from the writer's beneficial absorption of the Romantic literary tradition, i.e. the wisdom of the ancient poetic philosophy. The second chapter takes >Peter Camenzind<, one of the author's early works, as an example, and focuses on certain ideas borrowed from eco-feminism and Fromm's >philosophy of love<, pointing out that the young people's confusion and search for their spiritual home is the beginning of their salvation, and that women in this period typically have natural characteristics, and it is precisely in this dimension that women are the first to be redeemed by men. The path to redemption is indicated, i.e. the philosophy of love. The third chapter takes one of Hesse's masterpieces, >Der Steppenwolf<, as the main object of analysis, which is the focus and difficulty of this paper's discussion. Based on Jung's theory of archetypal analysis, this chapter attempts to discuss the male division and conflict in the novel as well as the redemption significance of the female Anima archetype from the perspective of archetypes, and reveals Hesse's >philosophy of humor< in this period, which is essentially a philosophy of suffering and transcendence. The fourth chapter focuses on the theme of female redemption in >Narziß und Goldmund<. First of all, we borrow Nietzsche's moral philosophy of >becoming yourself< to analyze the development of the salvation of the protagonist Goldmund, that is, the recognition of her true self. The third section focuses on the philosophy of death embodied in the novel, that is, the relationship between life and death, death and love. Hesse thus expresses his own inner search for individual salvation in an aesthetic world through the chanting of sensual love and death in the atmosphere of the age of technology and reason. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Yue T1 - On Fromm’s Human Existence Theory (弗洛姆关于人的生存方式理论研究], Doctoral dissertation, Overseas Marxism, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 2013. N2 - 埃里希·弗洛姆创立关于人的生存方式理论的目的是为了给当代人所处的生存困境寻找解决的方法。纵观弗洛姆的作品,其中的分析社会问题的最重要的切入点是工业化或过度市场化对人的生存处境和精神的扭曲。他继承并发展了马克思关于>人的全面而自由的发展<理论,全方位总结了处于资本社会中的人生存方式的特点,深刻的剖析和批判了当代资本主义社会给人带来的人性异化和人格病态。在弗洛姆看来,要想消除人性的异化,矫正病态的人格,唯有消除现有>重占有<的生活方式,代之以>重存在<的生活方式。弗洛伊德的精神分析理论、禅宗的>开悟<思想以及马克思的有关人道主义、异化劳动的论述对弗洛姆学说的形成有着直接的影响。萦绕于犹太人家庭出身的孤独心境、敏感于世界大战的多舛时代,弗洛姆借助马克思的相关论述形成对社会和时代的整体认知。他把马克思哲学解释为以人本主义贯穿始终的学说,认为这也是马克思思想价值和逻辑统一的原因之所在。马克思把生存价值是人类追求的终极目标,认为这是规定人类各种行动的终极原因,人类生命的本质就在于生存。弗洛姆继承马克思的生存论思想,进一步区分了>占有<(to have)和>存在<(to be)两种不同类型的人类生存方式。其中,重占有的生存方式是建立在私有财产、利润和强权这三大支柱之上的,而与之相对应的重存在的生存方式则是以主体独立、自由和批判理性为基础的,人的积极主动地生存状态,在这种状态中主体>体验到自己是自己活动的主体。<以重占有为主导生活方式的社会,其基本的经济特征是数量化和抽象化,人们在深层次上都缺乏任何满足感,其消费渴求完全与人的真实需要背离。政治领域当中的普选退化成盲目的偶像崇拜,人们的抉择很大程度上是受各种宣传和广告引导的。在此社会中,有形的、公开的权威转向无名的、不可见的、异化了的权威,利润、经济需要、市场、常识、舆论,>集体<所做、所想、所感受的一切替代了有形权威所发布的禁令。于是主体自身受制于各种无名权威,主体性丧失,求同感蔓延,新的道德要求人们必须学会放弃自我,成为群体的一部分,并且必须喜欢这种状态。在这样的背景之下,教育只注重使学生学习尽可能多的知识,却忽视学生自主思考的时间,而宗教则丧失了宗教本身固有的情感慰籍的作用,转而以劳动、财产、利润和强力为>神圣<的信条,其作为一种意识形态其目的仅仅在于防止人们没有纪律而威胁到社会制度。要从重占有的生存方式向中存在的生存方式转变,弗洛姆认为首先应该从经济领域中进行改革确立生产领域中的以人为本以及公有制社会主义原则,使工人用积极地参与生产所来的满足感来取代对金钱、名誉、地位和权利的追求;人们的消费也应该从真实的人性出发、遵从人道化的方式进行。政治领域的变革强调必须要确立人的主导地位,建立新型的参与性民主,用人道主义的管理来替代官僚主义的管理,禁止一切商业的和政治的意识形态,构建永久和平的世界。文化领域之教育的变革,要将其基本出发点确定为>人的成长<,即目标是促进人的自由、全面的发展,使学生由被动学习变为主动思考,同时将教育的对象将覆盖所有年龄段的人群,绵延于个体生命的始终。以生存为导向的宗教致力于使人能够有能力超越自我的狭隘性和根本的孤独感,它把对所有人的一致性及对生命与人性的忠诚视为最高信条,反对任何形式的偶像崇拜。要想使生存方式取得真正意义上的转变,弗洛姆提出不但要重视人的经济、政治、文化生活的改善,还要促进人的精神面貌的革新,使得人的本质真正得到实现,即进行新人和新社会、心理革命和全面的社会革命。这就需要注重社会性格的塑造,使其通过生产方式和导致社会分化的方式所构成的社会实践来影响社会的个体成员。当代中国正在深入推进现代化建设,一方面传统的生活方式不断地在遭到侵蚀,另一方面又面临着消费主义的威胁。如何在推进现代化的过程中实现与传统优良生活方式的衔接,同时有效规避消费主义的消极后果,弗洛姆重生存的生活方式理论对我们来说具有很好的借鉴价值和指导意义,它可以打断物质消费领域>更多>与<更好<之间的联系,使>更好<与>更少<结合在一起,从而引导人们在生产领域而不是在消费领域中获得满足,并使这种满足更多地落实在精神和文化领域。目前国家所推行的科学发展观强调>以人为本<,追求全面协调可持续的发展,这已经反映了人们对生活方式变革的某种自觉。当然,弗洛姆的理论应用于中国的当下,我们还应该对其限度保持一份清醒。 N2 - The focus of Erich Fromm’s theory is how to walk out of the survival dilemma and find solutions for the modern human being. All of his research throughout his whole life is for the survival dilemma and mentality issues. He inherited and developed Marx’s All-round Development of Humans Theory, summarized people’s living style in capitalist society, analyzed and criticized the modern capitalist society causes the alienation of human nature and morbid personality. From his perspective, the only solution is to shift the living style from >to have< to >to be<. Fromm’s theory is directly influenced by Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis, Zen’s Enlightens and Marx’s humanitarianism and Alienated Labor. The solitude because of the Jewish family background was haunted in Fromm’s head, and he was very sensitive to the tough time in World War. He was inspired by Marx’s correlated statement to form his recognitions of the society and times. From Fromm’s perspective, the philosophy of Marx all throughout was humanism, which was the exact value of Max’s thoughts and logics, and this was the reason of the consistence of the value of Marx’s thoughts and logic. The ultimate object being pursued pursuing by human being is the value of survival. This was the ultimate reason for which regulates the actions of the human being. The essence of the human life is survival. Fromm inherited the survival theory from Marx and distinguished two kinds of human existing forms – to have and to be. The survival form which emphasize on to have is built by three pillows, which is including the private property, profit and power, which the prerequisites of the survival form which emphasis on to be are independence freedom and critical reasoning. The character of this form is to actively survive and experiencing that the person himself is an active agent of survival. The economy of having-oriented society is featured by being quantitative and abstract. People are in need of lacking any satisfactions in depth, their consuming desire is alienate with their real needs. General election was degraded to blind worship in the political area. People’s choice was influenced by the propagating and advertising. In this society, tangible and open authority was turned to un-known invisible alienated authority. The invisible alienated authority includes profit, economic needs, market, common sense, public opinions, collective action, collective ways of thinking, and feelings of the community. All above stuff have replaced the decree of the visible authority. Active agent was enslaved to unknown authority, subjectivity was lost, convergence was spread, new moral demands people to learn how to lose himself to become part of the group, and forced people to like the situation. In this context, education forces students to acquire more knowledge, Religion was lost the function of emotional relief, and it facilitated labor, property, profit and power become the sacred belief. Instead of the consoling and caring, religions display a hardcore worship toward profits. As a consequence, religions constrain on people’s behavior and maintain the social hierarchies. In order to shift the living style from >to have< to >to be<, From the Fromm’s perspective, firstly, reform should be on economic area to set up principles of putting people first and socialist state-owned economy. This would enable the workers’ satisfactions generated from actively participate in working to replace their pursuing of money, reputation, social statue and power. People’s consumption consuming needs should base on human nature in a humanitarian way. Secondly, the reforms on political area emphasize on setting up the people’s predominant role and created the new model of participatory democracy, shifting the bureaucratic management humanitarian management and to create a peaceful world forever. The basic consideration of reforms in cultural area is to boost set up the people’s development. Therefore, its goal is to advance human free and all-around development, and help students transfer passive learning into active thinking, make the education available to people from different ages, which could cover the life time of human being. The survival oriented religion is to help people to surpass their narrow minds and loneliness. Their supreme belief is uniformity of all and their loyalty to life and human nature, this religion is against all kinds of idol warship. In order to transform the living style thoroughly, Fromm’s suggestion is not only for people’s economic, political and cultural improvement, but also the aspect of spiritual outlook, which could achieve people’s potential. This process is a social revolution of new life, new society and psychological change. Therefore, the social character needs reshaping, and make the production mode and social practice which may cause the social differentiation possible to influence the individuals. China is striving to modernization currently. On one hand, the traditional living style is destroyed; on the other hand, it was threatened by consumerism. Fromm’s theory on living style survival is inspiring, it explains how to connect achieving modernization and the traditional good living style, and meantime avoid the side effects of consumerism. What he advocates is more consumption with a stronger correlation with life. This theory facilitates people obtaining satisfactions on production area, and those satisfactions lie on spiritual and cultural area. The scientific outlook on development adopted by Chinese government emphasizes man as the noumenon, and pursuing all round, harmonious and sustainable development. This reflects people’s consciousness on the reform of living style. Of course, we should also be aware of the Fromm’s theory’s interpretation on the current Chinese society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lai, Chen T1 - A Comparative Study on the Theme of Solitude in >One Hundred Years of Solitude< and >Big Breasts & Wide Hips< [《百年孤独》与《丰乳肥臀》孤独主题的对比研究] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Young Writers [青年文学家], No. 5 (2017), pp. 32-33. N2 - 本文旨在通过对《百年孤独》与《丰乳肥臀》中的孤独主题进行对比研究。运用弗洛姆的人本主义精神分析理论,通过两个文本中的两大家族难逃的孤独命运和两个民族的孤独写照这两个方面来进行对比,从而来揭示两位作者的写作意图,引发读者思考现代人精神孤独的根本原因,去寻找摆脱孤独的有效的健康的方式。 N2 - In this paper, we aim to make a comparative study of lonely theme in >One Hundred years of Solitude< and >Big Breasts & Wide Hips<. Using the theory of humanism in the theory of huma¬nism, this paper contrasts the two lonelyness of the two families and the autographs of the two peoples, so as to reveal the writing intent of the two authors. Triggering readers to think about the root causes of the loneliness of modern people, to find out the way to get rid of lonely and effective health. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Chen T1 - Fromm's Social Soundness Theory and Its Contemporary Value [弗洛姆的社会健全理论及其当代价值] JF - Journal of Socialist Theory Guide [理论导刊], No. 12 (2017), 75-78. N2 - 弗洛姆在马克思异化理论和卢卡奇物化意识理论的基础上对异化的内涵进行了更加深入的探索,结合弗洛伊德有关性格结构的理论,弗洛姆认为异化现象已经渗透到人的性格结构和心理机制当中,并且披上了技术主义和消费主义的合理外衣,导致了非创造性人格的出现。为了解决人们所面临的生存困境,弗洛姆提出仅仅确立健全的人格是不够的,还需要建立健全的社会,恢复人的批判性维度。弗洛姆的社会健全理论对我国的社会建设具有重要的借鉴价值。 N2 - On the basis of Marx's theory of alienation and Lukács' theory of materialized consciousness, Fromm explores the connotation of alienation further. Combining Freudian theory of personality structure, Fromm thinks that alienation has infiltrated into the personality structure and psychological mechanism of the people, and has put on the reasonable outerwear of technicism and consumerism, resulting in the emergence of non-creative personality. In order to solve the living predicament facing people, Fromm proposed that it is not enough to establish a sound personality, but also to establish a sound society and restore the critical dimension of human beings. Fromm's theory of social soundness has an important reference value to our country's social construction. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Buqing T1 - A Review of Fromm's Theory of Social Unconsciousness – The Inheritance and Development of Psychoanalysis from the Perspective of Marxism. [弗洛姆的社会无意识理论述评--从马克思主义视角对精神分析学说的继承和发展] JF - Theory Research [学理论], No. 5 (2017), pp. 62-63, 75. N2 - 弗洛姆在弗洛伊德个体无意识理论和荣格的集体潜意识理论的基础上,吸收马克思的唯物史观思想,构建了社会无意识理论,以心理因素与经济、政治因素相结合为出发点,创造性地分析了社会无意识的产生机制,在精神分析心理学的马克思主义研究取向中极具代表性。 N2 - On the basis of Freud's theory of individual unconsciousness and Jung's theory of collective subconsciousness, Fromm's thought of Marx's materialist conception of history has constructed the theory of social unconsciousness, and the psychological factors are related to economic and political factors. Combined with the starting point, the creative analysis of the social unconscious mechanism, in the psychoanalytic psychology of Marxist research orientation is very representative. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jing T1 - The Modern Enlightenment of Fromm's Thought [弗洛姆人学思想的现代启示] JF - Journal of Taiyuan Urban Vocational College [太原城市职业技术学院学报 ], No. 2. (2017), pp. 174-176. N2 - 当前,我国正处于社会转型期阶段,生活在其中的个人及社会自身都受到了>转型<这一特殊时期不和谐现象的强烈挑战。弗洛姆热切关注人类的命运和前途,其人学思想内容非常丰富,能够给予转型期的个人及社会些许启示。弗洛姆人学思想中关于人的本性理论、爱的艺术理论及人格理论对于克服现代人的需求异化、培养现代人爱的能力、帮助现代人做一个自为的人以及健全现代人的人格具有重要价值。 N2 - At present, China is in the stage of social transformation, and the individuals and society itself are affected by the >transition< of this special period of disharmony strong challenge. Fromm eager attention to the fate and future of mankind, his human thought is very rich in content, to give the transition period of personal and social inspiration. In the theory of humanism in the theory of humanism, the art theory of love and the theory of personality to alienate the needs of modern people, cultivate the ability of modern people to help modern people to do a self-improvement and improve the modern personality has important value. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Juan T1 - A Study of Teacher Love Image: Problems and Possibilities [师爱样貌研究:问题与可能], Master thesis, Principles of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 2018. N2 - 教育是一项需要关爱的事业,师爱常常被视为教师从教的首要条件。但在现实教育场景中,教师辛苦付出的许多关爱行为却得不到学生的认可和回应,甚至遭遇反抗。只有对实践中的师爱样貌进行考察,分析当前师爱实践中存在的问题与改进的可能性,才有望让学生得到更好的关爱,并让学生在师爱的沃土中成长为有能力关心人、爱人也值得爱的人。本研究对S市A中学的10名教师和8名学生进行了半结构式访谈,并借助开放式问卷向30名学生收集了和主题相关的案例和资料,以此来考察实践中师爱样貌的复杂性,特别是存在的问题及改进的可能。本研究认为师爱是教师在教育实践过程中体现出来的真诚地关心爱护学生,为学生的成长和发展付出努力的专业精神和职业情感。本文参照弗洛姆和诺丁斯等学者对关爱的定义和理解,以及其他相关文献中对师爱内涵的讨论,并结合本研究实证资料中所显露的问题,建构了本研究的研究框架:(1)师爱之目的在于激发学生的潜能;(2)尊重学生是师爱之过程的必然要求;(3)面向全体学生,教师需要公平地分配关爱资源。依据收集到的观察与访谈资料,本研究发现师爱实践中存在以下的问题:(1)>为了学生好<的师爱滑向了弗洛姆批判的>占有式关爱<,表现出占有倾向,造成了对学生发展潜能的阻碍;(2)教师将关爱理解为单方面严格管控学生,缺少对学生的信任与尊重。这使得教师的关爱行为常常演变为控制行为,忽视了学生的自主和独立,表现出霸道倾向;(3)面向学生群体,教师忽视师爱作为职业爱的公平性要求,呈现出偏狭的师爱样貌。为改进上述问题,应从专业伦理的立场理解师爱的内涵,做到:(1)重视学生当下的感受和真实的需求,以激发学生的发展动力与潜能,让师爱变得更具生产性;(2)在规范学生和适度尊重学生自由之间保持一定的张力,让尊重成为师爱的根基;(3)克服人际偏见,认可每一个学生的长处,不断提升专业知识与技能,努力让每位学生都感受到被关爱. N2 - Education is a career which is full of love. Teachers’ love is often regarded as the primary requirement of being a teacher. However, in the real education settings, many of the teachers’ love behaviors are not acknowledged and responded to by students, and even confronted with resistance. Only by exploring the actual practice of teachers’ love, and analyzing the existing problems and the possibility of improvement, can teachers love students correctly and can students acquire better love. It is in the fertile soil of the teachers’ love that students can develop the capability of caring and loving other people. This study conducted a semi-structured interview with 10 teachers and 8 students of a middle school in S city. In addition, the relevant cases and materials were collected from 30 students by using the open questionnaire. In this way, we can explore the complex practice of teachers’ love, especially the existing problems and the possibility of improvement. This study believes that teachers’ love is the professional spirit and professional emotion that teachers take care of students and make efforts for their growth and development in education practice. The research framework of this study refers to Fromm and Noddings’ definitions of love, and the connotations of teachers’ love in other relevant literatures. Given the problems revealed by empirical data of this study, the theoretical framework of teachers’ love includes three parts, namely: (1) Motivating students’ potential abilities is the purpose of teachers’ love. (2) Respecting students is a necessary requirement for the process of teachers’ love. (3)Teachers need to distribute their love resources to all students fairly. Based on the collected observations and interview materials, this study found the following problems existing in the practice of teachers’ love: (1) Teachers’ love which is for the sake of the student’s good, slide into what Fromm criticized as >possessive love<. It shows a tendency to possess students, setting obstacles to students’ development. (2) Due to lack of trust and respect for students, teachers consider unilateral and strict control as a way to show teachers’ love. That makes teachers’ love turns into controlling behaviors, neglecting the independence of students. It shows domineering image of teachers’ love. (3) Facing to all students, teachers may ignore that teachers’ love is professional love, which has fairness requirement. It shows the unfair distribution of teachers’ love. In order to improve the above problems, we should understand the connotation of teachers’ love from the standpoint of professional ethics, and manage to: (1) Pay attention to the students’ current feelings and real needs, and stimulate students’ development momentum and potential abilities. That can make teachers’ love more productive. (2) Pay attention to the tension between regulating students and respecting student’s freedom, and make respect be the foundation of teachers’ love. (3) Overcome interpersonal prejudice, and recognize the strength of each student. By improving professional knowledge and skills, teachers should make every student feel loved.] [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Sikai T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Thought of >Escape from Freedom< [弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想研究], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2017. N2 - 埃里希·弗洛姆是20世纪二十年代法兰克福学派的重要成员,其突出的理论贡献在于他结合弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思主义哲学理论,创造性的提出了>逃避自由<思想。在关注到现代人生存境遇时,他揭示了资本主义社会结构的不健全之处,以现代人的性格结构为出发点,对现代人普遍存在的>逃避自由<的现象做出了深刻分析,他借鉴弗洛伊德创立的精神分析方法,挖掘出现代人逃避自由的真正心理根源。弗洛姆的>逃避自由<的思想不仅能帮助寻求一种解决生存困境的途径,而且对积极自由之路的探寻和对理性信仰的构建以及对健全社会的设想都具有巨大的启示意义。本文基于前人研究的成果,在弗洛姆学术思想体系背景下,梳理了弗洛姆逃避自由思想的主要内容以及其论证进路,企图从弗洛姆对理想人格、理性信仰和健全社会的阐述中,挖掘解决个人自由却孤独的生存困境的启示。本文分为三个部分,第一部分阐释了弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想产生的社会背景和理论渊源;第二部分主要是勾勒弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想的主要内容和弗洛姆论证现代人为何逃避自由的线索;第三部分分析了弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想在揭示现代人生存困境、描绘理想性格、阐述理性信仰以及构建健全社会的启示,最后对这一思想理论的不足和存在的缺陷做一个简要的评析. N2 - Erich Fromm was an important member of the Frankfurt School in the 1920s. His outstanding theoretical contribution is that he combined Freudian psychoanalysis and Marxist philosophical theory and creatively put forward the idea of >escape from freedom< When he was concerned about the living situation of modern people, he revealed the imperfection of the capitalist social structure and made a profound analysis of the common phenomenon of >escape from freedom< by taking the character structure of modern people as the starting point. Fromm's idea of >escape from freedom< not only helps to find a way to solve the dilemma of existence, but also has great inspiration for the search of the path of positive freedom, the construction of rational beliefs and the conception of a sound society. Based on the results of previous researches, this paper, against the backdrop of Fromm's academic system of thought, examines the main contents of Fromm's idea of escaping from freedom and the way forward in his argumentation, and attempts to find insights for solving the dilemma of individual freedom but loneliness in Fromm's exposition of the ideal personality, rational faith and sound society. The first part explains the social background and the theoretical origin of Fromm's idea of escaping from freedom; the second part outlines the main contents of Fromm's idea of escaping from freedom and Fromm's arguments for why modern man escapes from freedom. The third part analyzes the revelation of Fromm's idea of >escaping from freedom< in revealing the dilemma of modern human existence, depicting ideal character, expounding rational beliefs and building a sound society, and finally makes a brief analysis of the inadequacies and defects of this idea and theory. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Yan T1 - The Dialectical Relationship between Happiness and Morality from the Perspective of Fromm’s >The Art of Loving< [论幸福与道德的辩证关系 - 以弗洛姆《爱的艺术》为视角], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2017 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 古希腊时期开始,幸福与道德的关系问题就一直受到哲学家们所关注,时至今日,随着消费主义的横行以及随之而来的全社会的幸福危机和道德危机的侵袭,幸福与道德的关系问题历久弥新,值得一再探讨。作为对当代幸福危机与道德危机的正面回应,我们首先必须正确认识幸福与道德的内涵及其关系。幸福不是作为纯粹感官愉悦的快乐,也不是完全个体的心灵愉悦的满足,幸福是作为使得人与人相紧密联系的现实的、实践的幸福而存在。道德同样不是空洞的道德口号和完全他律的道德规则,道德有其社会性,道德来源于社会,道德的健全依赖于社会的健全,不健全的社会下必然是不健全的人,而不健全的人必然是不健全的道德的怀揣者。幸福和道德有其内在的统一机制:即在社会中,在社会性的实现过程中,实现两者的统一。任何以二分的方式对幸福与道德进行断裂式的划分都是错误的,甚至是别有用心的。企图通过将幸福装饰成为可以通过消遣、消费而直接获得的感官与物质需求的满足,更是不道德的表现。所以打破幸福与道德两者的悖论关系不仅在理论上是必要的,在应对和改变社会现状方面更是尤为重要。弗洛姆《爱的艺术》这本书正是对试图打破幸福与道德相悖的现状所做的努力,试图通过爱的途径实现两者的内在统一性。弗洛姆笔下的>爱<不是软弱无力的个体之爱,弗洛姆的>爱<是苍劲有力、具有建设性的>爱<,是社会个体你我相连的现实之爱、实践之爱。用爱的理论贯通幸福与道德的联系,用爱的实践构建幸福的社会、道德的社会、爱的社会,不仅在理论上是可行的,在实践中更是具有至关重要的作用。 N2 - In ancient Greece, the relationship between happiness and morality has been increasingly a major concern. With the life being occupied by consumerism and the ethical crisis, the relationship of happiness and morality become a timeless legal issue, which has been added to more brand-new significations. As a positive response to contemporary moral crisis and crisis of happiness, we must correctly understand the connotation and relationship between happiness and morality firstly. Happiness is not the pleasure of pure sensual, nor the satisfaction of a purely spiritual pleasure of the individual, happiness is the existence of the reality, the practice of happiness, which is closely linked with people. Moral rule is not an empty slogan and the same moral heteronomy completely. Morality has its social, moral form the social, moral sound depends on social sound. Unsound society is not necessarily perfect, not perfect people is not necessarily a sound moral with them. There is an inherent unity between happiness and morality, which is to get the unity in society. It is immoral to try to decorate the happiness as the satisfaction of the senses and the material needs that can be obtained directly through recreation and consumption. Therefore, it is not only necessary to break the paradox between happiness and morality, but also to deal with and change the social situation. Fromm’s book >The Art of Loving< is an attempt to break the status quo of happiness and morality in an attempt to achieve the inner unity of them. Fromm’s >love< is not a week and feeble individual love, it is vigorous and constructive, the love of practice which connected with reality. Using the theoretical love to link happiness and morality. Using the practical love to achieve the inner relationship. It is not only feasible in theory, but also plays an important role in practice. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Yang T1 - Analysis of Love from the Perspective of Ethics [伦理学视角下分析爱], JF - Masterpieces Review [名作欣赏], No. 8 (2017), pp. 97-98. N2 - 什么是真正的爱似乎每个人都有自己的看法,本文从伦理学角度出发,结合相关文学作品分析什么是真正的爱,爱与喜欢,爱的本质,什么样的例子不算是爱。从这三点出发,最后得出结论爱是付出、是给予,而我们在理解了什么是真正的爱以后要学着去爱。 N2 - What is true love seems everyone has their own views, this article from the ethical point of view, combined with related literary works analysis of what is real love, love and love, the nature of love, what kind of example is not Be love. From these three points, we conclude that love is giving, giving, and we learn to love after we understand what is true love. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiong, Chen T1 - Research on Humanitarian Socialist Ideology of Fromm [弗洛姆人道主义的社会主义思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2011. N2 - Since the birth of the human being, he has never give up the pursuit and fantastic images of a better society in the future. >Utopia< is the synonymous with such ideas. In the mid-19th century, to some extent, the birth of Marxism ended all the past >Utopia< Ideology, but in the twentieth century, because of the changes and development of socialist movement, kinds of new >Utopia< are revival in the socialism research, Fromm’s humanitarian socialist Ideology is the part. Fromm anastomosed the ideology of Freud and Marx, trying to find a new channel in the current thoughts of socialism, making people’s liberation come true. He looked closely at contemporary society of his time as a psychologist philosopher and sociologists, including the capitalist society and the living conditions, and then he put forward his reform initiatives to achieve real humanitarian socialism.– The purpose of this article is to give a comprehensive survey of Fromm’s humanitarian socialist Ideology. Firstly, this article reviews the time of Fromm and the social background of the socialist ideological, and then analyses the basic point of his idea, including his analysis on the capitalist, the existence of the situation of surveys and a new interpretation of Marxism. Then it expounds Fromm’s humanitarian socialist thinking: which includes expectation of all-healthy man and society, various reform measures for the implementation of this. At last of this article makes a brief comment on Fromm’s Ideology.– I think Fromm’s study not only provided many new perspective and view for us to study the capitalist society, but also a new research to improve and develop Marxism. His analysis on the social disorder in capitalist and various aspects of the reforms provide great reference and practical value for our current ongoing reform. N2 - 自人类诞生以来,就从来没有放弃过对未来美好社会的幻想和追求,而>乌托邦<即是这种思想的代名词。十九世纪中期,马克思主义的诞生从某种程度上宣告了过去所有>乌托邦<思想的终结,但是进入二十世纪后,由于世界社会主义运动的变化发展,各种新的>乌托邦<思想在社会主义研究中重新复活,弗洛姆的人道主义的社会主义思想即是其中的一部分。弗洛姆融合了弗洛伊德和马克思的思想,试图从各种社会主义的潮流中找出一条新的通道,从而真正实现人的解放。他从自己所处的时代出发,以一个心理学家、社会学家和哲学家的眼光来审视当代的一切,包括资本主义社会和人的生存状况等,然后提出自己的改革措施,以图实现真正的人道主义的社会主义,本文的目的就是全面的考察弗洛姆的人道主义的社会主义思想。本文首先考察了弗洛姆所处时代的社会背景和他的社会主义思想的理论根源;然后分析他思想的出发点,包括他对资本主义的分析、对人的生存状况的考察和对马克思主义的重新解释;接着论述了弗洛姆人道主义社会主义思想的内容,其中有他对健全的人和健全的社会的期待,以及为实现这种期待而提出的种种改革措施;最后就弗洛姆的思想作出了一个简单的评价。笔者认为,弗洛姆对人的重要性的深入研究,不仅为我们认识资本主义社会提供了许多新的视角和看法,而且为我们不断完善和发展马克思主义提供新的研究视域。他对资本主义病态社会所进行的种种赤裸裸的剖析及对此而提出的各方面的改革措施,无不对我国当前正在进行的改革有着重大的参考价值和实践价值。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yao, Dingyi A1 - Chen, Jinxuan T1 - Re-interpretation of Marx's Concept of Man by Fromm [重新解读弗洛姆《马克思关于人的概念》——兼与张一兵先生商榷] JF - Journal of Sichuan Normal University (Social Sciences Edition) [四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 3 (2006), pp. 5-12. N2 - Fromm insists on the belief that there is just one Marx and holds that the humanism expressed in Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 by the young Marx is the soul ruling the whole Marxism, which he expounds in his representative work Marx’s Concept of Man. Although there are historical limitations and mistakes in Fromm’s thought, his interpretation of Marx’s thought is worth serious considering, for Fromm’s thought is of referential significance and theoretical value in the current study. N2 - 弗洛姆坚持只有一个马克思,认为青年马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》之中所表述的人本主义思想是统摄整个马克思思想的灵魂。在他的代表作《马克思关于人的概念》中,弗洛姆比较详尽地论述了这一观点。弗洛姆的思想虽然有其历史的局限性和错误的方面,但他对马克思思想的解读值得我们认真思考,对于我们当前研究马克思思想的本质有一定的参考意义和理论价值,而张一兵先生在解读弗洛姆时贬低马克思《手稿》的科学性也是值得商榷的。 Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Chaobing A1 - Chen, Yuanyuan T1 - The Study of Erich Fromm's Ethical Thoughts of Love [弗洛姆爱的伦理思想探析] JF - Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Social Science Edition) [内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 6 (2010), pp. 292-294. N2 - 爱的理论,是弗洛姆人道主义伦理思想的核心内容。他从精神分析学的角度系统地研究和阐述了爱的伦理问题。爱的本质在于给予,任何形式的爱都包含关心、责任、尊重和了解等基本要素。他呼吁以生产性性格为目标培养人的爱的能力,作为对人类生存问题和当代西方社会爱的缺乏问题的回答,这对于我们思考和1解决当前中国社会中人的生存问题具有重要的启发。 N2 - The theory of love is the core content of the ethical thought of Fromm humanitarian point of view from psychoanalysis systematic study and exposition of the ethical issues of love, the nature of love is to give any form of love with care, responsibility, respect and understanding of the basic elements he called on the productive character to cultivate people's capacity for love, love the lack of answer to the question of human survival and contemporary Western society, for us to think and solve current social human the problem of existence, has an important inspiration. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Xiaohong T1 - Ethical Predicaments in Ian McEwan’s Major Novels, PhD thesis [伊恩•麦克尤恩主要小说中的伦理困境], English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2010 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. T2 - Ian McEwan is one of the most significant British writers since the 1970s. His early writings were controversial for their focus on violence, death and sexual deviance, which earned him the nickname >Ian Macabre<. Nevertheless, with 11 novels behind him a N2 - Ian McEwan is one of the most significant British writers since the 1970s. His early writings were controversial for their focus on violence, death and sexual deviance, which earned him the nickname >Ian Macabre<. Nevertheless, with 11 novels behind him and one winning the Booker Prize, McEwan is now lauded for the ethical vision in his works. Throughout his writing career, ethics have been his major concern, which require further studies. This dissertation is devoted to the exploration of ethical predicaments in his three major novels, aiming to shed light on the continuity and evolution of his investigation of ethics throughout his career. Varied ethical predicaments characterize McEwan’s major novels, including the paradox of freedom, the ethical dystopia, and the ethical dilemma. Each predicament is a response to the particular ethical concerns of his time, demonstrating artistic features of a specific phase of his career as well. >Ethics< not only refer to the accepted beliefs, principles, and rules about right and wrong that guide people in their conducts, but also encompass the contextualized personal understandings of right and wrong. Derived from >ethics<, >ethical< though it can suggest >morally< correct, >always denotes< of or relating to ethics in this dissertation unless specified as otherwise. Predicaments are particular situations that the individual finds difficult and unpleasant. Ethical predicaments as discussed in this dissertation refer to unpleasant situations where it is difficult or impossible for the individual to act rightly. It is discovered that ethical predicaments occupy a vital position in most of McEwan’s novels. Furthermore, the major ethical predicaments in his fiction generally follow a line of development, in response to the changing ethical concerns of his time and his developing artistic techniques and vision. In view of manageability, this dissertation focuses on ethical predicaments in McEwan’s three representative novels – >The Cement Garden<, >The Child in Time<, and >Atonement< – identifying a distinctive ethical predicament in each one, so as to reveal the continuity and development in his treatment of ethical predicaments. Chapter One consists of a brief introduction of McEwan’s standing in Contemporary British literature, a review of English and Chinese scholarship on Ian McEwan, with particular focus on ethical criticism, a definition of the key terms, and then a brief introduction of the scope and structure of the dissertation. Chapter Two investigates the predominant ethical predicament in The Cement Garden the paradox of freedom, with three sections respectively dealing with the ethical anarchy, the positive freedom, and the problematic freedom. Central to this chapter is the argument that the paradoxical features of freedom trap the children in an ethical predicament. Before plunging into concentrated discussions, the chapter first briefly examines the philosophical and cultural influence on McEwan, which may account for his special treatment of freedom in this debut novel.– Section One investigates how the children arrive at ethical anarchy through gradual removal of parental authorities. In the light of Erich Fromm’s theory, it could be discerned that the family is based on an authoritarian ethical system which forces the children to subjugate their freedom to conformity to social norms. Through subverting the patriarchal control and challenging the mother as a teacher of moral precepts, the children eventually enter an ethically anarchic situation.– The ensuing section, centering on the positive freedom, aims to uncover the constructive role freedom plays in reforming traditional ethics. Cross-dressing and incest, the children’s >deviant< behaviors, are often interpreted as signs of depravation brought about by their newly gained freedom. Admittedly, in ordinary circumstances the children’s transgressive acts seem pathological; however, with McEwan’s special artistic representation, their >deviance< affirming spontaneity and creativity, could be read as a critique of the oppressive, hypocritical facets of traditional ethics.– Section Three explores the other side of the paradox – the problematic freedom, disclosing the nothingness and loneliness resulting from their ethical anarchy. Without parental authorities in the house, there is no absolute criterion of moral goodness for the children who have not yet learned to create new values by themselves to confer meaning to life. Consequently, the children experience an excruciating sense of nothingness. Besides, their newfound freedom also results in agonizing loneliness, or a deep sense of unconnectedness, for the removal of the old authoritarian ethical system severs the established interpersonal relations, which, though oppressive to the children in varied ways, used to provide them with a sense of belonging. The markedly different directions the children take when freely developing their individuality also add to their loneliness. Therefore, freedom plays a constructive role in reforming the traditional ethics, but it also tends to bring about distressing nothingness and loneliness. This paradox of freedom constitutes the major ethical predicament in the novel, demonstrating the author’s critical reflections on the ethos of the 1960s and 1970s, as well as his preoccupation with the private domain and the inner world in his early works. Chapter Three moves to examine the ethical predicament in >The Child in Time< – the ethical dystopia – a fearful futuristic situation where the individual is involved in moral corruption or problematic ethical relations. This chapter also falls into three sections, focusing on the moral corruption of the political arena, the vulnerability of marital relations, and the disharmony between nature and humans. A brief examination of the related circumstances in Thatcher Britain precedes the detailed discussions.– Section One probes into the moral corruption of the political arena in the futuristic society, concentrating on the unsettling social injustice indulged by the government and the politicians’ abandonment of ethical principles. As for the first aspect of corruption, McEwan is mainly concerned with the distributive injustice, that is, the abandonment of fairness in the distribution of wealth and benefits among the people. For the second, the author mostly delves into the politicians’ dishonesty.– Section Two focuses on the vulnerable marital relations caused by male dominance. Stephen’s attempt to impose his outlook on Julie aggravates their marriage crisis, while Charles’ assumption that Thelma should act like a self-sacrificing mother distorts their marital relationship.– Section Three inquires into the disharmony between nature and humans, disclosing that humans’ lack of environmental ethics leads to the tattered ecosystem. To be more exact, McEwan seems to suggest that it is the government’s and males’ materialistic, anthropocentric view of nature that is largely responsible for the environmental crisis. On the whole, the chapter reveals three major dimensions to the ethical dystopia portrayed in the novel. It could be seen that the specific ethical concerns in the 1980s Britain and McEwan’s broadened vision carry forward his exploration of ethical predicaments. Chapter Four is devoted to the investigation of ethical dilemma in Atonement, examining in turn young Briony’s ethical dilemma, the ethical dilemma in war, and Briony the writer’s ethical dilemma. McEwan’s recent preference for character-led novels is briefly analyzed at the beginning to account for his scrutiny of ethical dilemma in most of his later novels.– Section One probes into the ethical dilemma that traps young Briony, analyzing the portrayal of the dilemma within two narrative frameworks so as to reveal its rich ethical implications. As a reader unaware of the revelation in the coda, one is invited to penetrate the surface of a personal dilemma to uncover the root causes of young Briony’s quandary rather than focus on the dilemmatic situation. However, when the coda is revealed, the motive behind such representation becomes suspicious.– Section Two explores the soldiers’ ethical dilemmas in the Dunkirk retreat, identifying their >prohibition dilemma< and >obligation dilemma<. McEwan’s vivid portrayal of the soldiers’ internal struggles in the dilemmatic situations lends a fresh perspective to the mythologized historical event.– Section Three examines the ethical dilemmas facing Briony the writer, focusing on her >externally-imposed ethical dilemma< and >self-imposed ethical dilemma<. The economic base proves to be the root cause of Briony the writer’s dilemma as to whether she should persist in publishing her novel or not. In this sense, the dilemma is externally imposed on Briony. Briony imposes another ethical dilemma on herself when attempting to atone through writing. Therefore, this chapter primarily investigates three major ethical dilemmas in the novel, demonstrating McEwan’s exertion to reveal the subtlety and complexity of ethical predicaments.– Chapter Five concludes the dissertation with a short summary of its main contents, which is followed by a brief account of the social and cultural backgrounds of the urgent ethical issues McEwan responds to in his major novels. It also examines the relevance of McEwan’s novels to our time by placing them in the postmodern context, finally winding up the discussions about ethical predicaments by placing McEwan in an enduring tradition. N2 - 伊恩•麦克尤恩如今已是蜚声当代英国文坛的大家,其作品得到了批评家和读者的一致赞誉。但在其事业早期,他的小说却因聚焦暴力、死亡、性乱等主题而备受争议,他也因此被戏称为>阴森的麦克尤恩<。三十多年的创作生涯中,麦克尤恩一直不断推陈出新,其后期作品的风格也与早期小说迥然不同,然而值得注意的是,在任何创作阶段麦克尤恩从未放弃对伦理困境的关注与探索,可以说伦理困境贯穿了其所有作品。批评家已经关注到麦克尤恩小说特殊的道德力量,但从伦理角度进行的研究仍处在起步阶段,伦理困境在其创作中的特殊地位尚未得到重视,这对于麦克尤恩小说研究来说不能不说是一个缺憾。因此本文尝试从伦理的角度切入,挖掘其主要小说中不同的伦理困境,以期揭示其创作中的传承与创新。麦克尤恩主要小说中的伦理困境包括:自由的悖论,伦理反乌托邦,以及伦理两难之境。小说中的每一个主要困境都来自他对时代伦理问题的关注与思考,同时也体现了他在不同创作时期的艺术特色。>伦理<在本文中主要指人们行动中所需遵循的是非观念与原则,同时也包含具体情境下人们对于是非的特殊认识与体验;>困境<意为困难的处境。伦理困境兼有两者之意,在此困难处境中人们或面对两难的伦理选择,或无法逃脱不道德的生活。研究表明,伦理困境在麦克尤恩的每部小说中都有体现,且呈现出阶段性的发展脉络,总体来说呼应了时代伦理环境的变化以及其自身艺术技巧的提升。将麦克尤恩的所有小说作为研究对象将更为理想,但考虑到论文写作的实际条件,本文将仅探讨其三部主要小说《水泥花园》、《时间中的孩子》、《赎罪》中的伦理困境,因所选小说为麦克尤恩三个创作阶段的代表作,其中的伦理困境也具有一定的代表性。本文共分五章。第一章为引语,简要介绍了麦克尤恩在当代英国文坛的重要性,并对国内外的麦克尤恩研究进行了一番梳理,指出了研究中尚存的不足,然后厘清了论文中所涉及的关键术语,最后介绍了论文的选题与结构。第二章探讨了《水泥花园》中的主要伦理困境,即自由的悖论,主要从伦理无序状态、积极的自由、以及消极的自由三方面切入。本章首先简述了小说创作背后的哲学及文化思潮,突出了时代的自由精神对于小说主题的影响。主体部分从探讨水泥花园中的孩子们如何摆脱传统伦理体系的约束开始,分析了家庭中紧张的代际关系,揭示了孩子们摆脱父权压制的欲望与行动,以及他们最终到达的伦理无序状态。自由具有积极意义,自由的获得释放了孩子们被压制的天性与创造力,营造了平等、宽容的气氛。汤姆的异性装扮以及姐弟的乱伦常被认为是伦理无序中的道德堕落或迷误;诚然,以传统道德标准来评判或者脱离小说情境来判断,两种现象几乎都是无法接受的变态或反常行为,然而,麦克尤恩所采用的一系列艺术手法、以及其对具体情境的凸显暗示了另一种伦理指向,引导读者注意反常行为可能具有的积极伦理维度。但是自由同时又带来痛苦,对传统伦理价值的否定以及伦理关系的颠覆使人陷入无尽的虚无与孤独。自由内在的悖论造成难以回避的伦理困境,这是麦克尤恩对二十世纪六七十年代自由精神的反思;同时小说探索自由悖论时对私密领域、个体心理的关注也体现了他早期小说的特色。第三章剖析了《时间中的孩子》所展现的伦理反乌托邦困境。在麦克尤恩创造的未来社会中,政界道德腐化、家庭婚姻关系脆弱、人与自然极端对立,个体处于无法逃脱的伦理困境之中;小说中的伦理反乌托邦影射了撒切尔政府时期英国的社会状况。社会分配的不公,政治家道德的堕落,两者有力地揭示了政界的腐化。根深蒂固的男权思想或加剧家庭矛盾或扭曲婚姻关系,男权思想既体现在丈夫将自我的世界观强加于妻子,又表现在对妻子无私母性的期望,两者都将预设的角色强派给女性。在人与自然的关系中,人类对环境伦理的漠视是两者关系紧张的主要原因;麦克尤恩暗示读者,政府以及男性的人类中心主义、工具理性破坏了人与自然的和谐。当然,仅以性别判断个体的世界观或者行为似乎不妥,麦克尤恩在2008年的采访中也承认这是浪漫主义的假想。本章共揭示了伦理反乌托邦困境的三个维度,由此可见,麦克尤恩一直积极关注当代英国社会的伦理问题,其创作视野也更趋广阔,两者将他对伦理困境的探索带入了一个新的阶段。第四章阐释了《赎罪》中的伦理两难之境,探讨了童年布里奥尼进退维谷的窘境、战争中军人的两难伦理选择、以及作家布里奥尼进退两难的困境。本章首先简要论述了麦克尤恩在创作后期对于人物主导型小说的青睐,这也许可以解释为何伦理两难之境成为麦克尤恩伦理困境探索的新焦点。对于童年布里奥尼的窘境小说中着墨并不多,但它具有不可忽视的伦理涵义。小说未突出小布里奥尼在进退维谷的窘境中如何选择,而是侧重表现她如何陷入这一窘境,以及窘境背后的社会、文化根源。这一表现策略在布里奥尼的作家身份未显现时可能会得到读者的赞同,然而身份一旦表明,这一表现策略的伦理涵义即发生改变,读者也必须重新阐释小布里奥尼的伦理窘境。小说第二部分展示了军人在敦刻尔克大撤退中所遭遇的伦理两难处境,促使读者以新的视角看待这一历史事件;其两难处境主要分为禁令两难和责任两难。本章最后讨论了作家布里奥尼进退两难的困境,困境一涉及小说的出版,困境二与布里奥尼坚持以写作赎罪紧密相关,从根本来讲,前者是外加的伦理两难之境,后者是自我强加的困境。本章中探讨的三大伦理两难之境表明,麦克尤恩在后期作品中更侧重于揭示伦理困境的复杂与微妙,这与其创作理念的变化相呼应。第五章对全文进行了总结,分析了每部主要小说所呼应的时代伦理问题,并在后现代文化与文学背景之下审视麦克尤恩小说的重要性,最后指出伦理困境的文学表达古已有之,而麦克尤恩的贡献在于他对于新时代伦理问题的高度关注与深刻思考,以及在表现手法上的探索。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jia, Yanyan A1 - Chen, Houliang T1 - >Love of Life< Versus >Love of Death<: A Frommian Perspective on Charles Johnson’s >Middle Passage< [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Literature and Art Studies: English Version [文学与艺术研究:英文版], Vol. 5 (No. 3, 2015), pp.181-190. [DOI, fulltext: 10.17265/2159-5836/2015.03.004] N2 - According to Fromm, the life instinct constitutes the primary potentiality in man, while the death instinct a secondary potentiality, and which of the two prevails depending crucially on the living conditions that the subject experiences during his or her childhood. Not limited to the individual level, Fromm‘s observation works on the collective level as well. Different environments foster different potentialities and lead to the formation of different cultures and ethics. A biophilic ethics treasures the value of love, peace, reciprocal altruism and unity of being, while a biophobic ethics is more addicted to hatred, violence, dualistic confrontation, and mutual destruction. Applying Fromm‘s theory to the interpretation of Charles Johnson‘s >Middle Passage< , readers can get a newly enlightened understanding of this award-winning masterpiece. Based on Fromm‘s hypothesis about human nature, this article analyzes the representation of the confrontations between the biophobic ethics and the biophilic ethics in this novel, the former being embodied by Captain Falcon‘s >syndrome of decay< which is also Johnson‘s critical metaphor of Western civilization, while the latter embodied by the Allmuseri culture‘s >syndrome of growth< which represents Johnson‘s idealistic imagination of the sum of non-Western civilization. Y1 - 2015 ER -