TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Review Aramoni, Aniceto: >Nuevo psicoanálisis?< JF - Revista de Psicoanálisis, Psiquiatría y Psicología, México (No. 19, 1971), pp. 91-93. Y1 - 1971 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Review Jay, Haley: >Tácticas de poder de Jesucristo y otros ensayos< JF - Revista de Psicoanálisis, Psiquiatría y Psicología, México (No. 2/3, 1973), pp. 152-154. Y1 - 1973 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Revie Laing, R. D.: >El cuestionamiento de la familia< JF - Revista de Psicoanálisis, Psiquiatría y Psicología, México (No. 01, 1973), pp. 110-113. Y1 - 1973 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Review Cooper, David: >La muerte de la familia< JF - Revista de Psicoanálisis, Psiquiatría y Psicología, México (No. 5, 1974), pp. 97-101. Y1 - 1974 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - La dinamica del caracter, 9 pp. (Typescript). Y1 - 1986 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Palabras Preliminares T2 - S. Millán (Ed. ), Anuario 1989. Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis A. C., Mexico 1989, pp. VII-X. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Los Juegos Infantiles como Expresion Social y Psicologica JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis (Ed.), Seminario de Sociopsycoanalisis 1991. Cuadernos I, Mexico (Typescript) 1991, pp. 37-48. Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Review Fromm, E.: Vom Haben zum Sein. Wege und Irrwege der Selbsterfahrung (1989a, English), Typescript 1993, 5 p. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Character Processes as Synonymousw with Transference Paper presented at the International Erich Fromm Symposium at Washington, May 1994, Typescript 10 pp. Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Fenomenos sociales del tercer mundo y el character social JF - Comunitaria. Psicologia social, numero especial 1, México 1996, pp. 159-172. [= MILLÁN, S., 1992 Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Social Character. Why Marketing Character Is Rejected paper presented at a meeting on social character in Washington, May 10-12, 1996, 7 pp. (Typescript). Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - La casa de Erich Fromm en Cuernavaca JF - La Jornada Morelos, Cuernava, México (29. December 1999). Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - El psicoanálisis de las costumbres y los mitos acerca de la muerte JF - La Jornada Morelos, Cuernava, México Vol. 1, No. 60 (5. January 2000). Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Artista del amor JF - La Jornada Morelos, Cuernava, México (26. March 2000). Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Review Funk, R.: Erich Fromm – Liebe zum Leben (Spanische Ausgabe) JF - Hoja. Suplemento de libros, No. 34 (March 2000), 2 pp. Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Mental collapse as “disorganized attachment”: A dynamic understanding for clinicians JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 173-179. N2 - Unresolved loss and unresolved trauma in adult mothers, and the commonly disorganized attachment pattern developed by their infants, have been repeatedly reported in longitudinal research literature as a crucial correlate or precedent of severe pathology. We describe and illustrate how unresolved loss and unresolved trauma are manifested in verbatim-transcribed language and how they are to be detected, so that psychoanalysts and clinicians in general are able to distinguish them and understand how such >states of mind< evidence the process of fragmentation they involve. We follow each example with a resolved transcript so it can be contrasted with a nonresolved case. We then describe excerpts of a taped >disorganized infant< – an example of infants who are usually babies of unresolved mothers, as shown during the Adult Attachment Interview. The analyst’s ability to identify and understand these >states of mind< and the subsequent sensitive reflection on the transcendental role of primary traumatic relations, which are involved in fear and the destructive dynamics of mental fragmentation – as seen in empirical research on attachment – can facilitate a resourceful integrative analytic scrutiny of the processes gone through by patients, and encourage the discovery of alternatives for working through the disturbing experience. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Developmental Roots of Productive and Unproductive Social Character Traits JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 199-210. N2 - A longitudinal study of early attachment and social character development of 14 Nahuat mother-infant dyads -since the infants were 11 months, having assessed them at 9 years of age and again in their late adolescence- show a significant improvement on the youngsters’ emotional development. The study conducted by the Seminario de Sociopsicoanálisis within a 40-year-long humanizing project in the village, called >Intercultural Participation Project,< suggests the benefit of promoting the rescue of their indigenous Nahuat culture and tradition. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019q Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019q ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Comprender la motivación social para estimular el desarrollo de los niños JF - R. Funk y N. McLaughlin (Eds.), Hacia una ciencia humana. La relevancia de Erich Fromm en la actualidad, México (Demac), pp. 201-214. N2 - Un grupo de psicoanalistas celebró el Seminario de Sociopsicoanálisis para ampliar el punto de vista clínico que había adquirido por medio de su trabajo con pacientes en el marco de una práctica privada. En esta ponencia describimos la investigación de una acción participativa emprendida por una comunidad. Empezamos entrevistando a niños pobres y desposeídos, primero en un pueblo de mineros y después en un centro para niños en situación de calle. Se incluyen un estudio sobre Apego y carácter social de las madres y los niños, así como la evaluación sistemática de las motivaciones inconscientes de las respuestas de los individuos al cuestionario interpretativo social. Nos esforzamos por devolver a las propias comunidades los hallazgos de los estudios del carácter social. Nuestro propósito es apoyar o fomentar las posibilidades de iniciar proyectos de acción participativa basados en las comunidades, encaminados a transformar la calidad de vida y a enfrentar las dificultades y superar los obstáculos que surgen en el camino hacia el cambio; asimismo, esperamos que nuestra investigación ayude a impulsar el desarrollo de políticas para el cuidado de la salud de los niños. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Identidad en la selva de asfalto JF - Revista de la Universidad de México. Nueva Epoca, No. 828 (Septiembre 2017), pp. 94-100. Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Hidden meaning of an early Loss. The common ground of Attachment and Social Character assessment and their clinical application JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 13 (No 3, 2004), pp. 157-163. N2 - All contemporary psychoanalytical theorists are concerned with the common problem of how to account for the preeminent importance of relations. John Bowlby, the founder of attachment theory, suggests that >instinctive< behavioral systems underlie much of the emotional life of man and have developed because they were necessary for survival. The system with which he was almost exclusively concerned was the multitude of behaviors and experiences constituting the child's >attachment< to the mother. This >strikingly strong tie, evident particularly when disrupted<, has systematically been observed by attachment researchers, through the development of a series of instruments that gauge interpersonal communication. These interpersonal communications have on their part been found to >contain traces of developmental history<. Bowlby's theory is based on clinical accounts of cases of important loss experiences. A transcendental role is given in Bowlby's theory to the experiences of loss. It stresses that the construction of mourning processes can be seen as a manifestation of search and as a general gradual mental reorientation. The paper introduces the methodological perspectives, which are observable derivations of Bowlby's psycho-ethological ideas. We will argue that becoming acquainted with these attachment-research tools and with socio-psychoanalytic assessment can enhance the development of the clinicians' observational skills, their insight and their scientific research practices. A clinical vignette seen through the lenses of the attachment assessment of loss is presented. It points in addition to the socio-cultural-ethnical basis that serves as an underlying structure for the development of meaning. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Identity in the Asphalt Jungle. A Study of Mexican Youngsters Who Work in the Streets JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 13 (No 4, 2004), pp. 254-263. N2 - We present a study of 40 youngsters who live and work in the streets of Mexico City and who have abandoned their homes for significant periods of time. They seek out their own means of survival from a very young age. In many cases they have children of their own already as teenagers. The Seminario de Sociopsicoan lisis was invited to take part in a project aimed at facilitating the access of these children to graphic arts, artistic creation and therapeutic listening. This article presents our principal findings of the children's everyday life conditions, their work and their dreams, based on data obtained from social character questionnaires – with which therapeutic intervention in this project began. Vignettes of two case studies are also presented. The interviews were complemented by data gathered in weekly sessions attended by the youngsters on a voluntary bases. The sessions attested to both the narcissistic, aggressive impulsiveness of these youngsters and the vital effort they make toward their own recovery and toward establishing affective emotional ties with instructors and therapists. We found that socio-psychoanalytic methods could be used successfully to expand the scope of psychoanalytic theoretic postulates about character to a non-clinical, disadvantaged population. By analyzing the content of the psychoanalytically guided interviews we were able to recognize the central, distinctive motive, which leads these youngsters to run away from home and forge their own sense of identity. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Introduccion JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanálisis A. C. (Ed.): Anuario 1985, México 1985, V-VIII. Y1 - 1985 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Sociopsicoanalisis y desarrollo autogestivo en una poblacion minera. Un reporte del trabajo desarrollado por el seminario de sociopsicoanalisis del IMPAC JF - S. Millán (Ed.),Anuario 1989. Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis A. C., Mexico 1989, pp. 299-312. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The Weekly Clinical Group Supervision Chaired by Erich Fromm Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 p. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Die von Erich Fromm geleitete wöchentliche klinische Gruppensupervision Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 pp. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Il gruppo clinico settimanale di supervisione condotto da Erich Fromm Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 p. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Bericht über die Tagung >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalytiker und Supervisor< in Ascona T2 - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 02 / 1998, Tübingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 17-19. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d02/1998c Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The Legacy of Fromm in Mexico JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 9 (No. 3-4, October 2000) pp. 207-215 Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Attachment Patterns and Social Character in a Nahuatl Village. Socialization processes through social character interviews and videotaped attachment current methodology JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 05 / 2001, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 38-42. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e05/2001e Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Integrating attachment and social character approaches to clinical training – case studies from a Mexican Nahuatl village JF - M. Cortina and M. Marrone (Eds.), Attachment Theory and the Psychoanalytic Process, London (Whurr) 2003, pp. 179-203. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Seine beflügelnde Gegenwart und Achtsamkeit JF - R. Funk (Ed.), Erich Fromm als Therapeut. Frühere Schüler erinnern sich an seine Praxis der Psychoanalyse, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2009. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - His Deeply Inspirational Presence and Thoughtfulness JF - R. Funk (Ed.), The Clinical Erich Fromm. Personal Accounts and Papers on Therapeutic Technique, Amsterdam and New York (Rodopi Publisher), 2009, pp. 153-160. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The White God Quetzalcoatl Visits the Acropolis Paper presented at the 8th. Forum of the IFPS in Athens, May 15-18, 1996, 15 pp. (Typoscript). Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The importance of initial interviews in psychoanalysis JF - R. Funk (Ed.), Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor. Reader in Preparation of an International Conference in Ascona, April 1997, Tübingen 1996, pp. 305-331. [= MILLÁN, S., 1995a] Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Mexican time. A point of view JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press), Vol. 5 (No. 1, March 1996), pp. 65-68. N2 - The way in which Mexicans deal with time differs considerably from that of Europeans or Northamericans: the Mexican >has< or >allows himself< more time. The virtue of punctuality, which is so highly valued in countries with protestant work ethics, is unknown to him. >Mexican time< includes many festivities and reveals a social character related to a matriarchal complex. One lives day by day without concern, expects to always have enough for a living, and tries to regain the paradise lost. How was Fromm able to cope with this attitude to life? To begin with many of his students saw him—the psychoanalyst who had emigrated from Germany and who had been working and teaching in the USA—as an >authoritarian< person. They found the very demand for a punctual start of the sessions and a limitation to a 50- minute duration unacceptable. As time went by, however, a fruitful interchange evolved: not only did the students learn from Fromm the psychoanalytic technique, but they were also deeply impressed by the personality behind it. On the other hand Fromm's comprehensive view of human beings and his humanitarian disposition could not be understood without the experience he gained during his long stay in Mexico. In this way >Mexican time< contributed to a large extent to the development of a >humanitarian psychoanalysis<. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Prefacio T2 - S. Millán and S. Gojman de Millán, 1997, El aguiero de las sorpresas diálogo entrañable. Psicoanálisis del cuento infantil (= colección diálogos 1), México 1997, pp. 7-12. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - El afán inagotable. Comentario sobre: El quinto sol. Versión de Silvia Molina JF - S. Millán and S. Gojman de Millán, 1997, El aguiero de las sorpresas diálogo entrañable. Psicoanálisis del cuento infantil (= colección diálogos 1), México 1997, pp. 77-88. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Prefacio T2 - S. Millán and S. Gojman de Millán (Eds.), Los animales, personales en el mundo de los niños. (= colección diálogos 2), México 1997, pp. 7-16. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Cinco historias entrelazadas JF - S. Millán and S. Gojman de Millán (Eds.), Los animales, personales en el mundo de los niños. (= colección diálogos 2), México 1997, pp. 73-82. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The home we are visiting today in Cuernavaca Lecture presented at a symposium in Erich Fromm’s house in Cuernavaca at March 24, 2002. Typoscript 5 p. Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Presentación JF - S. Millán and S. Gojman de Millán (Eds.), Memorias II, México (Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana) 1982, pp. 6-9. Y1 - 1982 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Introduccion JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanálisis A. C. (Ed.): Anuario 1985, México 1985, V-VIII. Y1 - 1985 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Sociopsicoanalisis y desarrollo autogestivo en una poblacion minera. Un reporte del trabajo desarrollado por el seminario de sociopsicoanalisis del IMPAC JF - S. Millán (Ed.),Anuario 1989. Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis A. C., Mexico 1989, pp. 299-312. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - The Weekly Clinical Group Supervision Chaired by Erich Fromm Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 p. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Die von Erich Fromm geleitete wöchentliche klinische Gruppensupervision Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 pp. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Il gruppo clinico settimanale di supervisione condotto da Erich Fromm Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 p. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Bericht über die Tagung >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalytiker und Supervisor< in Ascona T2 - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 02 / 1998, Tübingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 17-19. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d02/1998d Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - The Legacy of Fromm in Mexico JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 9 (No. 3-4, April 2000), pp. 207-216. N2 - Erich Fromms Einstellung gegenüber den abstrakten Wissenschaften wie der Ma-thematik erscheint uneinheitlich: einerseits hat er bekannt, abstraktes Denken falle ihm schwer, andererseits hat er Vertretern abstrakter naturwissenschaftlicher Theo-rien wie Einstein und Heisenberg eine revolutionäre Haltung attestiert. Tatsächlich lässt sich Fromms Kreativitätsbegriff auch für die Mathematik fruchtbar machen. Fromm fordert auf, die Dinge in ihrem >So-Sein< wahrzunehmen und darauf kritisch zu >antworten<, ein Verhalten, das die Bereitschaft zur Abstraktion mit einschließt. Der didaktisch bedeutsame >Siehe-Beweis< in der Mathematik ist damit ein Muster-fall dieses Frommschen Ansatzes. Zu Fromms ganzheitlichem Anspruch gehört seine von ihm auch gelebte Forderung an den Menschen, sich Konflikten zu stellen und so seinen Charakter zu entwickeln. Dies verweist auf einen speziellen Grund-zug mathematischen Denkens, nämlich das Bestreben in der Mathematik, sich über Normen hinwegzusetzen, wie es die Entdeckung der nichteuklidischen Geometrien im 19. Jahrhundert zeigt. Dieser prometheische Geist der Mathematik, der von Pädagogen oft übersehen wird, steht damit dem Frommschen Kreativitätsbegriff sehr nahe. Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Attachment Patterns and Social Character in a Nahuatl Village. Socialization processes through social character interviews and videotaped attachment current methodology JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 05 / 2001, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 38-42. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e05/2001f Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Integrating attachment and social character approaches to clinical training – case studies from a Mexican Nahuatl village JF - M. Cortina and M. Marrone (Eds.), Attachment Theory and the Psychoanalytic Process, London (Whurr) 2003, pp. 179-203. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Hidden meaning of an early Loss. The common ground of Attachment and Social Character assessment and their clinical application JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis Oslo (Scandinavian University Press), Vol. 13 (No 3, September 2004), pp. 157-163. N2 - All contemporary psychoanalytical theorists are concerned with the common problem of how to account for the preeminent importance of relations. John Bowlby, the founder of attachment theory, suggests that >instinctive< behavioral systems underlie much of the emotional life of man and have developed because they were necessary for survival. The system with which he was almost exclusively concerned was the multitude of behaviors and experiences constituting the child's >attachment< to the mother. This >strikingly strong tie, evident particularly when disrupted<, has systematically been observed by attachment researchers, through the development of a series of instruments that gauge interpersonal communication. These interpersonal communications have on their part been found to >contain traces of developmental history<. Bowlby's theory is based on clinical accounts of cases of important loss experiences. A transcendental role is given in Bowlby's theory to the experiences of loss. It stresses that the construction of mourning processes can be seen as a manifestation of search and as a general gradual mental reorientation. The paper introduces the methodological perspectives, which are observable derivations of Bowlby's psycho-ethological ideas. We will argue that becoming acquainted with these attachment-research tools and with socio-psychoanalytic assessment can enhance the development of the clinicians' observational skills, their insight and their scientific research practices. A clinical vignette seen through the lenses of the attachment assessment of loss is presented. It points in addition to the socio-cultural-ethnical basis that serves as an underlying structure for the development of meaning. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Identity in the Asphalt Jungle. A Study of Mexican Youngsters Who Work in the Streets JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 13 (No 4, 2004), pp. 254-263. N2 - We present a study of 40 youngsters who live and work in the streets of Mexico City and who have abandoned their homes for significant periods of time. They seek out their own means of survival from a very young age. In many cases they have children of their own already as teenagers. The Seminario de Sociopsicoan lisis was invited to take part in a project aimed at facilitating the access of these children to graphic arts, artistic creation and therapeutic listening. This article presents our principal findings of the children's everyday life conditions, their work and their dreams, based on data obtained from social character questionnaires – with which therapeutic intervention in this project began. Vignettes of two case studies are also presented. The interviews were complemented by data gathered in weekly sessions attended by the youngsters on a voluntary bases. The sessions attested to both the narcissistic, aggressive impulsiveness of these youngsters and the vital effort they make toward their own recovery and toward establishing affective emotional ties with instructors and therapists. We found that socio-psychoanalytic methods could be used successfully to expand the scope of psychoanalytic theoretic postulates about character to a non-clinical, disadvantaged population. By analyzing the content of the psychoanalytically guided interviews we were able to recognize the central, distinctive motive, which leads these youngsters to run away from home and forge their own sense of identity. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Su edificante presencia y su consideración JF - R. Funk (Ed.), Recordando a Erich Fromm. Testimonios de sus alumnos sobre el hombre y el terapeuta. Edición a cargo de Rainer Funk, Barcelona – Buenos Aires – México (Paidós, Paidós Contextos 204), 2011, pp. 213-222. [Spanish by Fernando Borrajo] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Los Tenochcas. Una cultura en desarrollo o en fijación JF - S. Millán and S. Gojman de Millán (Eds.), Memorias II, México (Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana) 1982, pp. 452-464. Y1 - 1982 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Travestismo, un sustituto mecánico JF - A. Aramoni (Ed.), Cuatro neurosis en busca de argumento. La praxis psicoanálitica, México (Siglo XXI) 1983, pp. 160-182. Y1 - 1983 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - El concepto del sociopsicoanalisis JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanálisis A. C. (Ed.): Anuario 1985, México 1985, pp. 247-272. Y1 - 1985 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - El trabajo de sociopsychoanalisis en una comunidad minera JF - S. Millán (Ed.), Anuario 1987-1988. Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis A. C., Mexico 1988, pp. 171-178. Y1 - 1988 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - La dinamica del caracter JF - S. Millán (Ed.),Anuario 1989. Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis A. C., Mexico 1989, pp. 247-257. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - El interior de la mina y la vida interior del minero JF - S. Millán (Ed.),Anuario 1989. Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis A. C., Mexico 1989, pp. 359-372. Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Impacto de Erich Fromm en la escuela de medicina y en el desarollo del psicoanálisis en México JF - ENEP – Zaragoza (Ed.), Erich Fromm al Siglo XXI. Cuadernos de la Escuela Nacional de Estudios Professionales Zaragoza, México (ENEP – Zaragoza) 1990, pp. 10-17. Y1 - 1990 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Prefacio JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis (Ed.), Seminario de Sociopsycoanalisis 1991. Cuadernos I, Mexico (Typoscript) 1991, pp. V-VIII. Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - El tercer mundo y el caracter socialo JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis (Ed.), Cuadernos II. Seminario de Sociopsycoanalisis 1991, Mexico (Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis) 1991, pp. 257-271. Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - El campo social y el psicoanalisis JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis (Ed.), Cuadernos II. Seminario de sociopsicoanalisis, Mexico (Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis) 1991, pp. 5-10. Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The Third World and the Social Character JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen / Science of Man. Jahrbuch der Internationalen Erich Fromm-Gesellschaft, Münster (Lit-Verlag) 1992, pp. 57-68. [= Millán, S., 1991a] N2 - >Die Dritte Welt und der Gesellschafts-Charakter<: Die von Erich Fromm aufgestellte Theorie des Gesellschafts-Charakters gibt uns die Möglichkeit, uns die emotionalen Prozesse zu erklären, die sich in den Individuen im Verlauf des sozialen Anpassungsprozesses entwickeln und verändern. Nach Fromms Schema, das von den sozialen Strukturen ausgeht, ist der Gesellschafts-Charakter zwischen der ökonomischen Basis und den Ideen angesiedelt. Wenn man in Rechnung stellt, dass die sozio-ökonomischen Faktoren den Charakter beeinflussen und determinieren, kann man nicht von einem gleichartigen Charakter in der Ersten und der Dritten Welt sprechen – Differenzen, die in empirischen Studien aufgewiesen wurden, haben das gezeigt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Dynamik des Geschlechterkampfes geschildert, der nicht nur für die Dritte Welt zu gelten scheint. Die Studien zum Gesellschafts- Charakter haben unterschiedliche Charaktertypen beschrieben; in diesem Text werden Charaktertypen dargestellt, die bei führenden Persönlichkeiten in einer mexikanischen Provinzgemeinde angetroffen wurden. Ebenso werden einige theoretische Aspekte untersucht, wie z.B. der Einfluss der sozio-ökonomischen Bedingungen, das kapitalistische Modell und der Zusammenbruch der totalitären Regime in den Ländern des Ostens. Schließlich erfolgt eine kurze Zusammenfassung des praktischen sozialpsychoanalytischen Prozesses, im Anschluss an eine methodologische Studie, die der Anwendung des interpretativen Fragebogens in der erwähnten Provinzgemeinde voraufging. N2 - >Il terzo mondo e il carattere sociale<: La teoria del carattere sociale elaborata da Erich Fromm ci dà la possibilità di spiegare i processi emotivi che si sviluppano e si modificano negli individui nel corso dei processi di adattamento sociale. Secondo lo schema di Fromm, che parte dalle strutture sociali, il carattere sociale si colloca tra la base economica e le idee. Quando si tiene conto che i fattori socioeconomici influenzano e determinano il carattere, non si può parlare di un carattere simile nel primo e nel terzo mondo. Ciò è stato dimostrato dalle differenze rilevate negli studi empirici. In questo lavoro viene descritta la dinamica della lotta tra i sessi, che non sembra valere soltanto per il terzo mondo. Gli studi sul carattere sociale hanno descritto tipi di carattere distinguibili; in questo testo vengono presentati dei tipi di carattere trovati in personalità preminenti di un’amministrazione provinciale messicana. Vengono anche esaminati alcuni aspetti teorici, come per esempio l’influsso delle condizioni socioeconomiche, il modello capitalistico e il crollo dei regimi totalitari nei paesi dell’Est. Segue infine un breve riassunto del processo sociopsicoanalitico pratico, dopo uno studio metodologico che ha preceduto l’applicazione del questionario interpretativo nell’amministrazione provinciale già menzionata. N2 - >El tercer mundo y el carácter social<: La teoría del carácter social propuesta por Erich Fromm nos permite explicarnos los fenomenos emocionales que se dan y fluctúan en los individuos durante los procesos de adaptación social. La misma estaría colocada entre la base económica y las ideas, esquema que describe a las estructuras sociales. Tomando en cuenta que los factores socioeconómicos influyen y determinan el carácter, no se puede hablar de uno mismo para el primer mundo o para el tercer mundo, las diferencias encontradas en los estudios empíricos lo han demostrado. Se describe la dinámica de la lucha entre sexos que parece vigente no solo para el tercer mundo. Los estudios del carácter social han descrito tipos de carácter y en el texto se describen los encontrados en la modalidad de Líderes en una comunidad de provincia del estado de Hidalgo. Tambien algunos aspectos teóricos de las influencias socioeconómicas, el modelo capitalista y el >fracaso< totalitario de los paises del este. Por último una breve reseña de los procesos de la práctica sociopsicoanalítica derivada de un estudio metodológico previo con el cuestionario interpretativo, en dicha comunidad de provincia. T3 - Yearbook / Jahrbuch (1990-1995) - w03/1992f Y1 - 1992 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Metodologia para la evaluacion del cuestonario interpretativo que se emplea durante las sesiones en el seminario de sociopsicoanalisis JF - Institutio Mexicano de Psicoanalisis, El caracter social, su estudio, un intercambio de experiencias, Coyoacán 1972, pp. 237-255. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Methodology for the evaluation of the interpretative questionnaire used during the sessions of the mexican seminary of sociopsychoanalysis JF - Institutio Mexicano de Psicoanalisis, El caracter social, su estudio, un intercambio de experiencias, Coyoacán 1972, pp. 107-125. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Mexican Time. Erich Fromm in Mexico: A Point of View JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen – Science of Man. Jahrbuch der Internationalen Erich-Fromm-Gesellschaft, Münster (LIT Verlag), Vol. 6 (1995): Gesellschaft und Charakter, pp. 69-75. N2 - >Mexikanische Zeit. Erich Fromm in Mexico<: Die Art, wie in Mexiko mit der Zeit umgegangen wird, unterscheidet sich beträchtlich von der westeuropäischen oder nordamerikanischen: Der Mexikaner >hat< oder >nimmt sich< mehr Zeit; die in der Ländern der protestantischen Arbeitsethik hochgeschätzte Tugend der Pünktlichkeit ist ihm fremd. In der >mexikanischen Zeit<, zu der viele Feste gehören, bekundet sich eine dem matrizentrischen Komplex zugehörige Art von Gesellschafts- Charakter. Man lebt unbekümmert in den Tag hinein, erwartet, dass immer genug zum Leben vorhanden ist, und sucht das verlorengegangene Paradies wiederzufinden. Wie kam Fromm mit dieser Art von Lebenseinstellung zurecht? Anfangs galt er – der aus Deutschland emigrierte Psychoanalytiker, der in den USA praktiziert und gelehrt hatte – bei vielen seiner Schüler als >autoritär<. Schon die Forderung nach pünktlichem Beginn und die Begrenzung der analytischen Sitzung auf 50 Minuten galten ihnen als unannehmbar. Mit der Zeit kam jedoch ein fruchtbarer Austausch zustande: Seine Schüler erlernten von Fromm nicht nur die psychoanalytische Technik, sondern sie waren auch zutiefst von der dahinterstehenden Persönlichkeit beeindruckt. Umgekehrt sind Fromms ganzheitliche Sicht des Menschen und seine biophile Grundhaltung nicht ohne die Erfahrungen, die er während seiner langjährigen Tätigkeit in Mexiko machte, zu verstehen. So trug die >mexikanische Zeit< viel zur Entwicklung der >humanistischen Psychoanalyse< bei. N2 - >Il tempo messicano. Erich Fromm in Messico<: Il rapporto che si ha col tempo in Meseico è molto diverso da quello europeo occidentale o de quello nordamericano. Il messicano >ha< o >si prende< più tempo; la virtù della puntualità, così apprezzata nei paesi dell’etica protestante, gli è estranea. Nel >tempo messicano<, al quale appartengono molte feste, si manifesta un tipo di carattere sociale che appartiene al complesso matricentrico. Si vive alla giornata senza preoccupazioni, ci si aspetta che ci sia mempre a disposizione quanto basta per vivere, e si cerca di ritrovare il paradiso perduto. Come si trovò Fromm con questo tipo di atteggiamento verso le vita? All’inizio, egli – lo psicoanalista emigrato dalla Germania, che aveva praticato e insegnato negli Stati Uniti – sembrava >autoritario< a molti suoi allievi. Già la pretesa dell’inizio puntuale e il limite di 50 minuti alla seduta analitica risultavano loro inaccettabili. Per quanto riguarda il tempo, però, si arrivò ad uno scambio fruttuoso: i suoi allievi non soltanto impararono da Fromm la tecnica psicoanalitica, ma vennero anche profondamente influenzati dalla personalità che vi stava dietro. D’altro canto, la visione globale dell’uomo da parte di Fromm e il suo atteggiamento biofilico di base non si potrebbero capire senza le esperienze da lui fatte durante í molti anni della sua attività in Messico. Pertanto, il >tempo messicano< ha molto contribuito alla >psicoanalisi umanistica<. N2 - >El tiempo mexicano. Erich Fromm en México<: La forma en cual se maneja el tiempo en México se diferencia notoriamente de aquella europea occidental o norteamericana. El mexicano >tienese toma< más tiempo. La virtud de la puntualidad, tan apreciada en los países con una ética de trabajo protestante, le es extraña. En el >tiempo mexicano<, al que pertenecen muchas fiestas, se denota una forma perteneciente al complejo matricéntrico de cácter social: se vive sin mayor preoupación en el día y se espera que siempre haya suficiente para vivir y de reencontrar el paraíso perdido. Cómo logró Fromm adaptarse a esta forma de vida? Al principio contaba él, como psicoanalista emigrado de Alemania y que había practicado y enseñado en los EEUU, entre muchos de sus discípulos como >autoritario<. La simple exigencia de comenzar puntualmente y de limitar la sesión a 50 minutos les parecía inadmisible. Con el tiempo se llegó sin embargo a un intercambio fructífero: sus discípulos no sólo aprendieron de Fromm el psicoanálisis sinó que también fueron profundamente impresionados por la personalidad que se ocultaba detrás de esto. Por otro lado no se puede entender la visióm global del Hombre y su posición biófila, sin las experiencias que él hizo durante su larga actividad en México. De esta manera contribuyó >el tiempo mexicano< en gran medida al desarrollo del >psicoanálisis humanista<. T3 - Yearbook / Jahrbuch (1990-1995) - w06/1995d Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The importance of initial interviews in psychoanalysis Lecture given at the Helsinki Psychoanalytic Institute, 21. 9. 1995, 16 pp., with an Appendix: Two Casis: My Paricipation as a Supervisor of Initial interviews in IMPAC, 11 pp. (Typoscript). Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The Social Dimensions of Transference JF - M. Cortina and M. Maccoby (Eds.), A Prophetic Analyst. Erich Fromm's Contribution to Psychoanalysis, Nothvale and London (Jason Aronson Inc.) 1996, pp. 325-340. N2 - Salvador Millán's main thesis is that social character--the way patients and therapists internalize the values, cultural beliefs, and class structure of their society--is always present in the consulting room and often becomes manifest as transfer-ence and counter-transference reactions. Indeed, according to Millán, transference and countertransference are just another name for developmental processes of so-cial adaptation as it be-comes expressed in a particular relationship between an analyst and his/her patient. Millán takes us through the origin of the concept of transference in Freud, with its patriarchal and authoritarian overtones, to its classical definition in Fenichel's work. With its surgical metaphors, Fenichel crystallized an approach to technique and the handling of the transference. Analytical technique re-quired a neutral and detached observant role, with precise interpretations directed at the psyche, similar to a surgeon's skilled incisions into the patient's body. Millán compares this approach with the guidance Fromm offered to the students of the Mexican Psychoanalytic Institute during supervision and in his seminars in Cuer-navaca during the 1960s. Fromm's point of departure was like Freud's. Transference has to do with the experience of infancy that is repeated in the presence of the ana-lyst. Fromm (1968) thought that this definition of transference, while true, was lim-ited, since it took into account only one source of irrational strivings based on infan-tile longings. However, if one looked at transference as an experience in which the patient deposits in the person of the analyst the origin of >all of his expectations and fears,< (p. 2) a much broader range of transferential reactions is taken into consid-eration. Some of these reactions may be traced to parental influence. Others may have origins that are broadly social, in which the parents' influence is based on be-ing representatives of societal norms, or parental roles may even be irrelevant. In this definition, transference is not just based on childhood experience, but repre-sents the whole experience of the patient's life. Millán points out that one of the limi-tations of psychoanalysis is that it is primarily based on the experience of working with clinical populations. Millán briefly reviews a series of social character studies that have been conducted in the last two decades in factories, in corporate environ-ments, and in rural communities with normal populations, and that have broadened our understanding of the process of social adaptation beyond the consulting room. According to Millán, these studies provide support for Fromm's more inclusive con-cept of transference. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Tres Pintores, Tres Caracteres JF - Memorias, ed. by Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana, Vol. I, México (Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis) 1980, pp. 397-410. Y1 - 1980 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Preponderancia Materna, Estudio Sociopsicoanalítico JF - Memorias, ed. by Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana, Vol. I, México (Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis) 1980, pp. 411-424. Y1 - 1980 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Un Modelo de Sistema Autoritario. Estudio Socipsicoanalítico JF - Memorias, ed. by Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana, Vol. I, México (Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis) 1980, pp. 609-620. Y1 - 1980 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Prologo JF - Memorias, ed. by Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana, Vol. I, México (Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis) 1980, pp. 7-8. Y1 - 1980 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - et al., T1 - Care Giving and Social Character. Towards a Systematization of the Clinical Assessment of Social Character Traits and Their Relation to Mothers’ Care Giving Quality in Urban/Rural Mexican Samples JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 17 / 2013, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 35-46. N2 - The theory of social character developed by Erich Fromm asserts that the significance of experience is intimately linked to the material conditions under which persons, located in a specific economic system, live. The shared character traits thus correspond to the social role that these persons play. In the case of women, existing literature does not focus on their function as reproducers of the work force within the family, although this is a generalized function and additional to out-of-home work. This function has a transcendent importance to the development and emotional health of children, as has been established in longitudinal research of attachment theory. This study explores Mexican mothers’ shared character traits, a systematized appraisal of their attitudes towards their lives and their children, their states of mind, and the quality of care they provide as well as their relationship to attachment patterns of their infants; some come from urban Middle, Middle-upper and Upper-class families and others from Poor in-digenous peasant families. The fundamental focus is on the woman’s participation inside the family, although it does not exclude the possibility that some of these mothers handle not only the care giving and housework but also work outside of the home (the "double shift”). It concludes that the daily material conditions of existence are closely related to shared character traits and that these are in turn related to patterns of attachment in their infants, their sensitivity in the treatment of their babies, and the results of their Adult Attachment Interviews. Women have been the sup-port and pillar of subsistence for urban populations as well as the most poor and disadvan-taged communities. This role played by women is as widespread as undocumented in litera-ture. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e17/2013e Y1 - 2013 VL - e17/2013e ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Understanding Social Motivation for Encouraging Children’s Development. Social Character Studies in Mexico JF - R. Funk and N. McLaughlin (Eds.), Towards a Human Science. The Relevance of Erich Fromm for Today, Giessen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2015, pp. 1499-158. N2 - A group of psychoanalysts led the Seminario de Sociopsicoanálisis to broaden their clinical perspective gained through working with patients in the setting of a private practice. In this paper we describe participatory action research initiated by a community. We started by interviewing impoverished and economically disadvantaged children, first from a miner's village and later on from a center for children living in the streets. A study on Attachment and Social Character of mothers and children as well as the systematic appraisal of the unconscious motivations in the individual's responses to the Social Interpretative Questionnaire are presented. We strive to bring the findings of our social character studies back to the communities themselves. Our purpose is to support or foster possibilities for initiating participatory community-based action projects, aimed at transforming the quality of life and to confront the difficulties and obstacles that emerge on the path to change; furthermore we hope that our research will help to stimulate the development of childcare health policies. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.psychosozial-verlag.de/catalog/product_info.php/products_id/2535/CATALOGSSID/8c52oh5o77t4cs3r5m2r2722j4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Como facilitar el desarrolo para enfrentar la regresión. Comentarios sobre estrategias terpéuticas paper presented at the IFPS Forum X at Madrid, May 1998. Typescript 20 p. Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xirau, Ramón de A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - et al., T1 - Intervenciones Grabadas en el Centenario del Nacimiento de Fromm Transcript of Interviews about Erich Fromm with Ramón Xirau, Salvador Millán, Sonia Gojman and Sabina Camacho, given at a meeting in November 17-20, 2000, Typescript 30 p. Y1 - 2000 ER -