TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Pan T1 - Love Is a Special Ability – My Thoughts on Reading >Let Students See Your Love< [爱是一种专门能力——读《让学生看见你的爱》有感] JF - Jiangsu Education [江苏教育], No. 51 (2018), p. 80. N2 - 《让学生看见你的爱》作者:沈丽新出版社:中国人民大学出版社弗洛姆在《爱的艺术》里说:>爱不是我们与生俱来的一种本领,而是需要我们后天习得的能力。<当我翻到沈丽新老师的新书《让学生看见你的爱》时,我再一次深刻地体会到了作为一名教师,爱是一门艺术,更是一门专业能力。… N2 - >Let students see your love< Author: Shen Lixin Publishing House: People's University of China Press Fromm said in >The Art of Loving<: >Love is not a skill we are born with, but an ability that we need to acquire later.< When I turned to Ms. Shen Lixin's new book >Let Students See Your Love<, I once again deeply experienced that as a teacher, love is an art, but also a professional ability as a teacher. … [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, 4/2023] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Meiya T1 - Sowing with Heart, Cultivating with Love [用心播种 用爱耕耘] JF - Primary School Teaching Research, No. 3 (2018), pp. 88-89. N2 - 爱,是一个非常熟悉的字眼,她是伴随儿童成长的动人旋律,她是联系队员心灵的纽带。在少先队活动中,以爱为主题的活动是必不可少的。德国著名思想家弗洛姆认为:爱是一门艺术,爱需要知识,爱需要努力。爱的基本要素是关心、责任、尊重和认识,并且这四个要素是有机融合,缺一不可的。那么,如何在少先队活动中实施爱的教育,更好地对少年儿童进行心灵的灌溉? N2 - Love is a very familiar word, it is a moving melody that accompanies the growth of children, it is the link between the hearts of the players. In the activities of the Young Pioneers, the activities with the theme of love are essential. The famous German thinker Fromm believes: love is an art, love requires knowledge, love requires effort. The basic elements of love are care, responsibility, respect and awareness, and these four elements are organic integration, the absence of an indispensable. So, how to implement love education in the pioneer activities, and better irrigate the hearts of children and adolescents? [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 4/2023] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - York, Emma Dane T1 - Disorder: Contemporary Fascism and the Crisis in Mental Health, Master of Arts, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Political Studies, Department of Political Studies, University of, Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada 2018, 56 + 3 pp. [hdl.handle.net/10388/11199] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yildirim, Sait T1 - Türkiye'de son on yılda işlenen kadın cinayetleri üzerine: sebep, sonuç ve öneriler [Femicides in Turkey in Last Ten Years: Cause, Consequences and Suggestions] JF - Mecmua - Uluslararası sosyal bilimler dergisi, Vol. 3, No. 6 (2018), pp. 1-21. [Online ISSN 2587-1811] [doi.org/10.32579/mecmua.448868] N2 - Kadın cinayetleri Türkiye’de önemli bir toplumsal sorun olarak varlığını korumaktadır. Cinayetlerin temelinde şiddet ve saldırganlık eğilimlerinin etkisi görülmektedir. Bu sebeple şiddetin psikolojik boyutu cinayet eylemlerinde belirleyici olmaktadır. Saldırganlık eğilimi birikerek bir şekilde gelişerek cinayet eylemlerine dönüşmektedir. Kadın cinayetleri incelenirken öncelikle bireyde mevcut bulunan saldırgan davranışların ele alınması gerekmektedir. Çalışmada şiddet ve saldırganlık eğilimlerinin bireysel anlamda psikolojik temelleri üzerine teorik çalışmalara değinilmektedir. Erich Fromm ve Sigmund Freud’un saldırganlık tipolojileri kuramsal açıdan dikkate değer görülmektedir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak vaka çalışması tercih edilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’de son on yılda işlenen kadın cinayetleri ele alınmaktadır. Toplamda 2380 kadın cinayetinden 1260 vaka incelenmektedir. İncelenen vakalarda sağlıklı sonuçlar elde edilmesi bakımından nicelik, nitelik, işleniş biçimi ve sebepleri bakımından aydınlatılmış olması temel referans noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Cinayet eylemlerinde failin özellikleri, öldürme biçimi, sebebi, katil ve maktul ilişkisi dikkate alınmaktadır. Kadınların, en sık vakit geçirdiği kişiler tarafından öldürüldü gözlenmektedir. Cinayet işleme biçiminde ateşli silahlar yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Cinayetlerde erkeğin özgürlük alanının daralması ve erkeğin kadın üzerindeki hâkimiyetinin ortadan kalkması önemli sebepleri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada cinayet sebepleri üzerinden ortak odak noktaları tespit edilerek çözüm önerileri sunulmaktadır. Kadına yönelik cinayet eylemlerinde bireysel silahlanma ve uzun vadede cinayeti önleyici politikalar üzerine yoğunlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı işlenen kadın cinayetleri üzerinden vaka çalışması yaparak teorik çalışmalar ışığında bir takım çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. N2 - Women murders have continued to be a significant social problem in Turkey. Effects of tendencies of violence and aggression are seen in the basis of these murders. For this reason, psychological dimension of violence is determinant in murders. Aggression tendency transforms into murder by developing cumulatively. Current aggressive behaviours in the individual must primarily be discussed while women murders are studied. Theoretical studies on individual psychological basis of violence and aggression tendencies are mentioned in this study. Aggression typologies of Erich Fromm and Sigmund Freud are considered theoretically significant. In this study case study method is preferred. Women murders committed in Turkey in last ten years are researched as part of the study. 1260 cases of total 2380 women murders are researched. In addition to get reliable information in researched cases, basic reference point is eventuation of the cases in terms of quantity, quality, murder type and reasons. Characteristics of perpetrator, way of killing, reason and relation between murderer and victim should be considered. It is observed that women are generally killed by people who they usually spend time together. Firearms are intensively used in murders. Restriction of men from freedom and men’s losing authority over women are significant factors in murders. In this study solution offers are presented by determining common points over the reasons of murders. It is tried to be focused on individual armament and long term murder preventive policies in murders towards women. The purpose of the study is to propose solutions in the light of theoretical studies by making case study over committed women murders. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wardhana, Indra Jaya Kusuma T1 - Sources of Child Abuse in Indonesian Educational Ideologies (Series: ASSEHR – Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research.) JF - Proceedings of the International Conference on Contemporary Social and Political Affairs (IcoCSPA 2017), Vol. 138 (2018), pp. 24-25. [Online ISSN 2352-5398] [doi.org/10.2991/icocspa-17.2018.5] N2 - Schooling, followed by its modernized acclaim in educational standard is distorted with the ideal concept of education. Educational model and custom is kept in form of violence for the sake of achieving so-called disciplined product. It is not only physical but also includes non-physical forces as emotional and psychic are delivered in symbols. It is a part of expectation conflict, as well as internal part of social relation of parents and their children, teachers and their students, even society and children. At the same time, changes in educational ideologies is taking its root in child abuse even more. Education become severely see children as objects, which means reification. This study, using Erich Fromm’s approach, emphasizes in child abuse phenomenon related to Indonesian educational ideologies as a form of modern society's aggression. Timeline of educational ideologies is studied to reveal sources of child abuse within. Critical discourse analysis by Laclau and Mouffe is the method for deconstructing and acting to transformation of internal contradiction between educational ideologies and sources of child abuse. Results of this study show how in each educational ideology tropologically and historiographically implies violence, and that recent educational ideologies is facing crisis to legitimate its irrational authority of social modern society character, which, eventually, sharpen the root to child abuse in educational processes. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walidin, Muhammad T1 - Cinta Erich Fromm kepada Rabi’ah Al-Adawiyah [Erich Fromm's Love for Rabi'ah Al-Adawiyah] JF - Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, Vol. 17, No. 1 (2018), pp. 76-95. [Online ISSN 2622-531X] [jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/tamaddun/article/view/2514/1805] N2 - Problems of love can be included to psychology domain remember he go together is psychological someone. Hand in glove of its bearing with this research, hence in research of art there are a space to analyze belles letters with approach is art psychology. This research use approach is art psychology and theory wearied was Erich Fromm psychology theory, especially its theory about love. According to Fromm, form religious from love of the so-called with God love psychologically is not differ. One definitive matter is that essence love to that God on a par with essence love to human being. Love is human and the relationship in line with growth love human being to God. Love to God started from a period to human being not yet recognized something and still depend on strength or element outside him. Then human being recognize God love which is matriarchal so-called with Davit. Principal of this matriarchal love is equality. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Takizawa, Shigeo T1 - Creation of the Biophilia Rehabilitation Academy – Changed from the 21st Century Rehabilitation Research Society JF - Biophilia [バイオフィリア], No. 19 (2018), p. 9. [doi.org/10.14813/ibra.2018.9] N2 - We implemented research of >surveillance study for independence and Improvement in ADL of the fracture of the femur patient by a welfare device >by the Association for Technical Aids in 2000< and >Research investigation about the upper-limbs training combined with lift device development for Motivative exercise, Small and Medium Enterprise Corporation, 2001<. Through those study by the national grants, the 21st Century Rehabilitation Research Society was born again as the Biophilia Rehabilitation Academy (hereafter BRA). We explore the mechanism, spread the new rehabilitation method, and enable them to do by anyone who learned it. The purpose of the BRA is, i) to study a new rehabilitation method in order to live for the disabled elderly independently and the physical ability improved by overcoming impairment, ii) to explore the mechanism, to spread the new rehabilitation method, and to enable them to do by anyone who learned it, and iii) to study the influence on the social economy by independence acquirement for them. The source of biophilia which we used is preface of the Revolution of Hope which U.S. philosopher Erich Fromm wrote. The preface of a source is shown below: Appealing to the love for life (biophilia) that still exists in many of us. Only through full awareness of the danger to life can this potential be mobilized for action capable of bringing about drastic changes in our way of organizing society. Not that the author optimistic about the chances of success; but he believes that one cannot think in terms of percentages or probabilities as long as there is a real possibility even a slight one that life will prevail. The predecessor of BRA, the 21st Century Rehabilitation Research Society studied to confirm the fact as a medical fact that the 30% of bedridden elderly became a walk possible, as a result of performing Takizawa Method rehabilitation. Japanese have been promoted and allowed to live on the others' care and to be admitted to a hospital if one needed care due to a cerebrovascular disorder, fracture and/or else by their kindness. The Japanese pension system of the current disbursement approach seems to be a pyramid investment organization. If the newer members increase in number, the earlier members gain more money. The Baby boomers increased in the population of workers’ number and was a kind of the newer members for paying. If the public pension maintains the present system, it would be bankrupted by increasing old baby boomers who receive money in number and descendants as newer members decrease in number by the lower birthrate. The increase in care related people and in the medical expenses by aging (social security expenditure 2025 prediction 207 trillion yen/216 trillion-yen gross pay in whole Japan) would hit baby boomers directly, and it becomes impossible and to live peacefully in Japanese tenderness like the former lifestyle. Therefore, we consider that >the heart and will which he continues hope to live as human just when it becomes a disabled person< are important. The author titled our study group >biophilia< which represented it and got all the members’ approval. We introduced the studies of the Biophilia Rehabilitation Academy, which was evolved from this way in 2002. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Szawara, Weronika T1 - Wizerunek buddyzmu w twórczości Ericha Fromma [The Image of Buddhism in the Works of Erich Fromm], Thesis (unspecified), Philosophy, Faculty of International and Political Studies, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland 2018. N2 - Tematyka pracy podejmuje kwestię recepcji buddyzmu w zachodnim kręgu kulturowym. W swojej analizie skoncentrowałam się szczegółowo na tym, jaki pogląd na buddyzm przedstawia XX wieczny psycholog, filozof i psychoanalityk – Erich Fromm. W pracy przybliżyłam kolejno sposób, w jaki prezentował myśl buddyjską Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki, jeden z najważniejszych jej popularyzatorów na Zachodzie, jaki był światopogląd i dążenia Ericha Fromma, oraz wreszcie, jaki wizerunek buddyzmu w swojej twórczości przedstawił. Celem tej analizy było zbadanie, jaki obraz buddyzmu utrwalił się w świadomości zachodniej, jakie stawiano wobec tego wschodniego systemu oczekiwania, które jego elementy uważano za najbardziej atrakcyjne i były najbardziej eksponowane, które zaś odrzucano. W mojej pracy ważna jest kategoria orientalizmu, problematyka koncentruje się właśnie wokół tego zjawiska, jednakże temat jest istotny również z punktu widzenia badań nad historią tzw. >trzeciej linii przekazu< myśli buddyjskiej. N2 - The subject of the work concerns the reception of Buddhism in the Western culture. In my analysis I focused on the views on Buddhism which are presented by the XX century psychologist, philosopher and psychoanalyst – Erich Fromm. In my work, I introduced the way in which Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki, one of the most important popularizers of Buddhism in the West, presented its thought, what was the worldview and aspirations of Erich Fromm, and finally, what image of Buddhism he presented in his literary work. The purpose of this analysis was to examine what image of Buddhism has become established in Western consciousness, what are the expectations for this Eastern system, which aspects were considered the most attractive and were the most exposed, and which were rejected at the same time. The main subject of my work focuses around the category of Orientalism, however, the topic is also important in studying the history of the transfer of Buddhist thought to the West. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sholihah, Aminatus A1 - Woroharsih, Dyah T1 - Perilaku Sadisme Tokoh dalam Kumpulan Dongeng Brüder Grimm >Schneewittchen< und >Aschenputtel< [Das Sadismusverhalten der Figuren in der Märchensammlung der Brüder Grimm >Schneewittchen< und >Aschenputtel<] [Sadistic Behavior of Characters in Brüder Grimm's Fairy Tale Collection >Schneewittchen< und >Aschenputtel<] JF - Identitaet, Vol. 7, No. 2 (2018), 9 pp. [ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/identitaet/article/view/25158] N2 - Dongeng pada umumnya memberikan nilai-nilai moral baik dan buruk. Hal itu dicerminkan oleh perilaku tokoh. Dalam dongeng ada perilaku tokoh yang positif dan juga yang negatif. Salah satunya adalah perilaku kejam atau sadisme yang dilakukan antar tokoh.Dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm adalah contohnya. Di sini terdapat tokoh yang memiliki perilaku positif juga perilaku negatif berupa perilaku sadisme. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah (1) Perilaku sadisme berjenis apakah yang dilakukan tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel? (2) Apakah penyebab adanya perilaku sadisme tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan perilaku sadisme tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel. (2) mendeskripsikan penyebab terjadinya perilaku sadisme yang dilakukan tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian adalah dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel dalam kumpulan dongeng Kinder -und Hausmärchen karya Brüder Grimm. Data penelitian ini adalah kalimat yang menunjukkan perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng Schneewittchen dan Aschenputtel karya Brüder Grimm. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori sadisme Erich Fromm untuk menemukan rumusan masalah satu serta untuk menemukan rumusan masalah dua menggunakan teori agresi Sears. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng Schneewittchen merupakan jenis sadisme non-seksual (fisik) dengan bentuk perilaku membunuh. Dan perilaku sadisme dalam dongeng Aschenputtel merupakan jenis sadisme non-seksual (fisik) dan sadisme mental dengan bentuk perilaku menyiksa dan menghina. Serta dalam kedua dongeng tersebut tidak ditemukan jenis sadisme seksual. (2) penyebab tokoh dalam dongeng Schneewittchen melakukan perilaku sadisme adalah adanya rasa kompetisi dan adanya serangan dari orang lain sedangkan dalam dongeng Aschenputtel adalah karena rasa permusuhan dan ingin mencapai tujuan lain. N2 - Im allgemeinen gibt Märchen uns guten und schlechten moralischen Wert. Es wird durch das Verhalten Figur der Figuren reflektiert. Im Märchen gibt es nicht nur ein positives Figurverhalten, aber auch negatives Figurverhalten. Ein Beispiel ist grausames Verhalten oder Sadismus zwischen den Figuren. Im Märchen von Brüder Grimm, Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel sind da. Hier gibt es Figuren mit positivem Verhalten und negativem. Die Probleme dieser Untersuchung sind (1) Welche Art von dem Sadimusverhalten von Figuren in den Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel? (2) Was sind die Ursache des Sadismusverhaltens in den Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel von Brüder Grimm?. Die Ziele dieser Untersuchung sind (1) Das Sadismusverhalten von Figuren im Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel zu erklären (2) Die Ursache des Sadimusverhalten im Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel von Brüder Grimm zu erklären. Die Untersuchung ist eine qualitative Studie. Die Datenquellen sind Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel aus der Märchensammlung von Brüder Grimm. Die Daten sind die Sätze, die das Verhalten des Sadismus im Märchen Schneewittchen und Aschenputtel von Brüder Grimm zeigen. Diese Untersuchung benutzt die Sadismustheorie von Erich Fromm um das erste Problem zu beweisen. Und die Aggressionstheorie von Sears und Myers wird hier benutzt um das zweite Problem zu beweisen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung werden gezeigt: (1) Das Sadismusverhalten im Märchen Schneewittchen ist physikalischer Sadismus. Die Form des Verhaltens ist Töten. Das Sadismusverhalten im Märchen Aschenputtel sind physikalischer Sadismus und geistiger Sadismus. Die Form des Verhaltens sind Folter und Demütigung. Sowie in beiden Märchen werden sich kein sexueller Sadismus gefunden. (2) Die Ursache des Sadismusverhalten im Märchen Schneewittchen sind Gefühl des Wettbewerbs und Angriffe von anderen. Die Ursache des Sadismusverhalten im Märchen Aschenputtel sind Feindseligkeit und Erreichung der Andere Ziele. N2 - Fairy tales generally provide good and bad moral values. It is reflected by the character's behavior. In the fairy tale there are positive character behaviors as well as negative ones. One of them is cruel behavior or sadism committed between characters. Brüder Grimm's Brüder Grimm's tale of >Schneewittchen< and >Aschenputtel< is an example. Here there are characters who have positive behavior as well as negative behavior of sadism behavior. The research problems are (1) what kind of sadistic behaviorof the characters in a fairy tale Schneewittchen sadism and Aschenputtel? (2) what is the cause of the behavior of character sadism in the fairy tale of Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel by Brüder Grimm? This study aims to (1) describe the behavior of character sadism in the fairy tales of Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel. (2) describes the causes of sadistic behavior perpetrated by figures in the Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel tales by Brüder Grimm. This type of research is qualitative research. The source of research data is the fairy tales of Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel in the collection of Kinder -und Hausmärchen's story by Brüder Grimm. This research data is a sentence that shows the behavior of sadism in the fairy tale of Schneewittchen and Aschenputtel by Brüder Grimm. This study uses Erich Fromm's sadism theory to find the first problem and to find the second problem using the aggressive theory of Sears and Myers. The results show that (1) the behavior of sadism in the fairy tale of Schneewittchen is a type of non-sexual (physical) sadism by killing. And the behavior of sadism in Aschenputtel's fairy tale is a type of non-sexual (physical) sadism by torturing and mental sadism by insulting. And in both the tales are not found type of sexual sadism. (2) the cause of the character in the fairy tale of Schneewittchen conduct sadistic behavior is the sense of competition and the presence of attacks from others while in Aschenputtel fairy tale is because of a sense of hostility and want to achieve other goals. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seo, Eun-ju T1 - 냉전의 지식문화 – 1960 &1970년대 소외론을 중심으로 [The Knowledge Culture of Cold War in the 1960s & 1970s Focusing on Discourses of Alienation] JF - 민족문학사연구 [Journal of Korean Literary History], No. 67 (2018), pp. 397-430. N2 - 이 글은 1960∼1970년대 한국의 지식(문화)장에서 실현된 소외의 담론정치를 냉전의 지식문화사라는 계보 속에서 읽어내고자 한다. 프랑크푸르트학파의 담론이 파편적이고도, 편의적으로 재단되어 수용되었던 한국 지식장의 사회문화적 맥락을 검토하고, 그 가운데에서 특히 프롬과 마르쿠제의 소외론이 냉전체제 아래에서 비판적 지식인들에게 어떻게 전유되는지를 살펴본다. 또한 크리스찬아카데미의 『대화』를 통해 진보적 기독교 지식인들이 >인간화<라는 주제 아래 소외개념을 변용·확산시키는 과정과, 그들이 소외의 현장과 긴밀하게 접속됨으로써 반체제 인권운동으로 달려가는 상황도 분석한다. 또한 문학 영역의 소외론이 예술의 자율성을 둘러싼 오래된 논쟁으로 진영화하는 양상을 검토한다. 이러한 과정을 통해 냉전질서 속에서 산업화를 진행하였던 1960∼1970년대 한국 담론 장에서, 과연 소외론이 >저항담론<으로서 지식사회의 의식적 각성에 기여하였는지, 혹은 궁극적으로 대중사회·산업사회를 절대화하는 >위장된 저항담론<으로 기능하였는지를 가늠해 본다. N2 - This article intends to read the discourse politics of alienation realized in Korea’s knowledge / culture field of 1960s & 1970s in the genealogy of the knowledge / culture history of the Cold War. It examines the socio-cultural context of the Korean knowledge field, where the discourse of the Frankfurt School has been accepted as fragmented and cutting for convenience. In particular, this article focuses on how critical intellectuals appropriated to the alienation theory of Fromm and Marcuse under the Cold War system. In addition, through the Christian Academy’s DAEHWA (Dialogue) it analyzes that progressive Christian intellectuals transformed and spreaded the alienation concept under the theme of >humanization<, and analyzing the situation in which they committed them-selves to the human rights movements by being closely connected with the alienated field. In the aspect of the alienation of literature field, it examines the old debate surrounding the autonomy of art. In the Korean discourse of the 1960s and 1970s, when the Cold War era was industrialized through such a process, it became clear that the alienation theory contributed to awakening the conscious of the knowledge society as >Discourse of Resistance<, or to absolutizing Mass society & Industrial society as >Disguised Discourse of Resistance<. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pozdeeva, E. G. A1 - et al., T1 - Problems of Personality Type Transformation In Current Conditions of Russian Society JF - International Conference on Research Paradigms Transformation in Social Sciences (RPTSS 2017), 18-21 May, 2017, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia, in: Ardashkin, I. B. et al. (Eds.): Research Paradigms Transformation in Social Sciences, Vol. 35. European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences (Future Academy) 2018, pp. 1092-1099. [doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.02.128] N2 - The article examines features of stability and transformation of the personality type emerging as a normative and value image of the modern Russian society. Based on approaches of Erich Fromm, David Riesman, Yuri Levada, two trends can be revealed: one of them aims to preserve those archetypal characteristics so typical of >Soviet human<, another one deals with formation of new properties that would meet goals of market oriented society and define features of individual success. Russian society is characteristic of global processes of values modernization, reasoned by R. Inglehart and C. Welzel, and reflecting individual’s pursuance of greater personal freedom and self-expression. The new value system of the Russians is still nascent; giving up on old social and cultural reality is of phantom nature. Previous research analysis allows concluding that the personality type is balancing between two poles, caused by socio-economic conditions fluctuation, poor establishment of institutional factors for system implementation of the new model, missing of a clear vision of the future, which could serve as a reference. Russian society appears to be split according to the typological dominance factor into two groups – active and passive. The problem arises on how lack of uniform symbolic and semantic field effects the modern personality type formation as it leads to social relations mobility, ongoing risk and complex processes in semio-phychological space. However, the personality type instability may be also caused by socio-cultural specifics, traditions, lack of public communication space development, preservation of former institutional structures and a particular lifestyle. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Picardo Joao, Oscar T1 - El Salvador en el diván: Una lectura psicoanalítica [El Salvador on the psychiatrist’s couch: psychoanalytical reading] JF - Realidad y Refiexión / Reality and Reflection, Vol. 18, No. 47 (2018), pp. 38-46. [Online ISSN 2520-9299] [doi.org/10.5377/ryr.v0i47.6270] N2 - Siguiendo los postulados de Erich Fromm para comprender los procesos de la vida anímica contemporánea. Se intenta entender qué sucede en la sociedad salvadoreña. En los padecimientos psicopáticos-sociales reflejados en las altas estadísticas de homicidios, suicidios, corrupción y migración. Es un acercamiento al subconsciente cultural y otros procesos no comprendidos que podrían estar influyendo en el modo de actuar de la sociedad; pero desde un plano simbólico, intentando comprender un diagnóstico simple y algunas salidas terapéuticas para abordar los problemas. N2 - Following the postulates of Erich Fromm to understand the processes of contemporary psychic life. We try to understand what happens in Salvadoran society. In the psychopathic-social conditions reflected in the high statistics of homicides, suicides, corruption and migration. It is an approach to the cultural subconscious and other processes not understood that could be influencing the way society acts; but from a symbolic level, trying to understand a simple diagnosis and some therapeutic outputs to address the problems. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Park, Ju-taek T1 - 김수영 시의 소외 연구 [A Study on the Isolation of Kim Su-young’s Poems] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - 현대문학이론연구 [The Journal of Modern Literary Theory], No. 74 (2018), pp. 175-207. N2 - 김수영은 1945년 등단한 뒤 현실과 자신과의 투쟁 속에서 고립과 무력감을 드러내며 자신의 정체성을 확인하고자 통찰로 가득한 절규들을 산문의 형식을 빌려 노래하 였다. 특히 김수영은 4.19를 기점으로 고립과 소외에서 벗어나기 위해 적극적으로 자유를 노래하며 현실의 처지를 설움이라고 상정하고 개인과 사회와의 통일을 좁히려는 노력을 계속해 왔다. 소외는 근대의 비인간화와 함께 인간의 문제를 상정하는 중요한 부면을 지니며 인간이 자신의 본질을 유지해야 한다는 의미를 지닌다. 본고에서는 김수영 시에 나타난 소외를 >문단과 자신의 시로부터의 소외<, >생활로부 터의 소외<, >자기 자신으로부터의 소외<로 나누어 살펴보고 이를 극복하기 위해 김수영이 >조화와 통일<을 가치로 삼았음을 밝히고자 하였다. 소외는 헤겔과 마르크스를 거쳐 하이데거 그리고 프롬에 이르기까지 근대의 중요한 쟁점으로 부각되었다. 하이데거는 기술 문명의 상황이 존재자를 인정하지 않는 상황에서는 허무와 불안에 빠질 수밖에 없다고 진단하며 개인이 관계하고 있는 것이 허망하다는 생각에 빠져 소외에 직면 한다고 말한다. 김수영이 등단 초기 박인환과의 불화와 자신의 시에 대한 무력감을 표현한 것은 고립감을 드러내는 것이었다. 또한 생활에 있어서 번역 일을 하면서 이를 청부 번역이라고 한 것이나 마포구 구수동으로 이사한 뒤 닭을 키우며 자신은 변두리 인생이라는 자조에 빠진 것도 소외 때문이었다. 이와는 달리 자기 소외는 자신을 부정적으로 인식 하고 있다는 점에서 신경증적 증후를 드러낸다. 해방과 4.19 그리고 5.16과 같은 시대적 상황은 김수영에게 있어 설움과 비애와 같은 감정적 인식뿐만 아니라 자유, 정의, 양심과 같은 형이상학적 관념들을 요구했다. 그러나 김수영이 소외에 빠진 것은 결국 현실과 사유라는 비동일적 간극 때문이었다. 소외는 소외되기 전의 상황과 소외된 이후의 상황은 다르다. 김수영은 누구보다도 자신에 대해 깊이 있게 성찰한 시인이었다. 그는 한시도 자신을 방임하지 않았다. 현실과의 싸움만큼 자신과의 싸움을 멈추지 않았다. 현실과 시에 대해 상대적 완성과 절대적 완성을 탐색하고자 끊임없이 자신을 나아가게 했다. 그 도정을 통해 그는 조화와 통일을 현실과 시의 원리로 삼으며 소외를 극복하고자 하였다. 김수영이 리얼리즘과 모더니즘의 두 이즘 사이에서 균형을 이룬 것도 조화와 통일을 현실과 시의 궁극 원리로 삼았기 때문에 가능한 것이었다. N2 - After Kim Su-young started his literature career in 1945, he wrote a prose of percent-filled cries with insights to confirm his identity by showing his isolation and helplessness in his struggle with himself and reality. Especially, since April 19, Kim Su-young has continued efforts to narrow the gap between individuals and society by actively singing freedom to escape isolation and alienation, calling the situation as sorrow. With the dehumanization of modern world, Isolation has an important side of putting human issues on the table and means that humans must maintain their own nature. This paper divided the isolation of Kim Su-young into >Isolation from literary world and himself’s poem<, >Isolation from life<, >solation from himself<. After these works, this paper want to figure out that to overcome these isolation, Kim Su-young has valued on >harmony and unity<. Isolation has emerged as an important modern issue from Hegel and Marx to Heidegger and Erich Fromm. Heidegger believes that the situation of technology civilization is bound to fall into vain and unstable when it does not recognize being. And also he said that individuals would encounter isolation indulging thinking that relationship is vain. When Kim Su-young expressed his feud with Park In-hwan and his lack of power over his poetry in the early days of his debut, Kim Su-young displayed his sense of isolation. While working as a translator for his life, he called it >contract translation< and while raising chickens after moving to Gusu-dong, Mapo-gu, he called himself as >Outsider life<, because of his isolation. On the other hand, self-isolation has neurological syndrome in that he sees himself negatively. Historical situations such as liberation, April 19, and May 16 called for metaphysical notions such as freedom, justice and conscience as well as emotional awareness such as sadness and sorrow to Kim Su-young. But the reason that Kim Su-young fall into isolation is, finally, a non-equally gap between reality and ideal. Before and after situation of isolation is different. Kim Su-young was a poet who deeply reflected on himself. He never neglect himself for a moment. He did not stop struggling with himself like struggling with reality. He made himself constantly to explore relative and absolute completion of reality and poetry. Through this course, he sought to overcome isolation by making harmony and unification a principle of reality and poetry. Kim Su-young’s balance between realism and modernism was also possible because he took harmony and unification as the ultimate principles of reality and poetry. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Özkeçeci, Zehra T1 - I Buy, So I Am – The Homo Oeconomicus and the World of Advertising, Using the Example of Gewista [Satın alıyorum – ZIra ben reklamla şekillenen insanım! Gewista örneği ekseninde reklamcılık Dünyası] JF - Asya Studies – Academic Social Studies / Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar, Vol. 6, No. 6 (2018), pp. 7-18. [Online ISSN 2602-263X] [doi.org/10.31455/asya.496443] N2 - Business and economy use advertising to promote their products and to increase their profits. Political parties also try to win votes with the help of commercial propaganda. Every step of the way we are accompanied by advertising, our everyday life and our culture are shaped by it.This article asks how the permanent confrontation with advertising affects the recipients. What consequences does propaganda and manipulation have for people who are exposed to this constant influence? The phenomenon of the Homo oeconomicus is also examined in this context. The Homo economicus is primarily a person who consumes and subconsciously identifies with his or her consumption. He's addicted to consumption. Advertising determines the life of the Homo oeconomicus. The psychologist Erich Fromm already dealt with the phenomenon of exuberant materialism in his book >To have or to be< in the 20th century. This book in particular and his work in general are also presented in this article. Fromm propagated a >rational< consumption that focuses on the real needs of people. A separate chapter is dedicated to Edward Bernays, the nephew of Sigmund Freud, a pioneer of public relations, whose work >Propaganda< – his famous book from 1928, which is still surprisingly current – is presented. Gewista is an Austrian advertising company. This company is in the focus of this article because we can find its out-of-home commercials also in places that were previously free of advertising. That's why the story of Gewista is told and its product range will be presented.Using the example of Gewista there will be asked for the self-image and the foreign attributions of advertising companies. These companies offer a service they describe themselves as a form of communication. Therefore, the article also analyzes whether advertising can really be seen as a topic of communication theories. N2 - Işletme ve ekonomi, ürünlerinin tanıtımını yapmak ve karlarını artırmak amacıyla reklamları/reklamcılık hizmetlerini kullanırlar. Siyasi partiler de ticari propagandalar yoluyla seçimleri kazanmaya çalışırlar. Reklamcılığın her aşaması, gündelik yaşamlarımızı ve kültürlerimizi ekillendirmektedir. Bu makale, reklamların alıcılar üzerinde nasıl kalıcı etkiler bıraktığını sorgulamaktadır. Söz konusu kalıcı etkilere maruz kalan insanlar için propaganda ve manipülasyonlar ne gibi sonuçlar ortaya koymaktadır? Reklamla şekillenen insan fenomeni de bu bağlamda incelenmektedir. İktisadi insan yani akılcı, rasyonel akla sahip insan, öncelikle tüketen ve bunu bilinçaltında tanımlayan insandır. O tüketime bağımlıdır. Reklam ise; o insanın (homo oeconomicus) hayatını belirler. Psikolog Erich Fromm 20. yy.’da >sahip olmak ya da olmak< adıyla yayınlamış olduğu kitabında coşkulu materyalizme vurgu yapmaktadır. Bu makalede Fromm’un genel olarak calışmaları özel olarak da söz konusu kitabına yer verilmektedir. Fromm, insanların gerçek ihtiyaçlarına odaklanan >rasyonel tüketim< kavramını savunur. Ayrı bir bölüm olarak Freud’un yeğeni olan, 1928 yılında çıkarmış olduğu >Propaganda< isimli kitapla ünlenen ve şaşırtıcı biçimde günümüze kadar bu ünü devam eden; ayrıca halkla ilişkiler alanının öncülerinden Edward Bernays’a yer verilmiştir. Bu makale, Avusturyalı bir reklam firması olan Gewista’ya odaklanmaktadır. Gewista Firması örneği ekseninde reklam şirketlerinin benlik imgesi ve dı Şsal nitelikleri araştırılmıştır. Bu şirketler bir iletişim biçimi olarak kendilerini tanımlayan bir hizmet sunarlar. Bu nedenle söz konusu imakale reklamın, iletişim teorileri açısından geçerli bir konu olup olmayacağı üzerinde de durmaktadır. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nakagawa, Yoshiharu T1 - 「永遠の哲学」における「気づき」の存在論 – マインドフルネスの新たな基礎づけを求めて [An Ontology of Awareness in the Perennial Philosophy: Toward a New Foundation of Mindfulness] JF - トランスパーソナル心理学/精神医学[Japanese Journal of Transpersonal Psychology/Psychiatry], Vol. 17, No. 1 (2018), pp. 33-48. [doi.org/10.32218/transpersonal.17.1_33] N2 - づき」の概念が位置しており、この意味で永遠の哲学はマインドフルネスの理論基盤になりうるものである。本考察ではまず、ハクスレー、スミス、ラム・ダス、ウィルバーを援用し、永遠の哲学が多次元的な理論であることを示し、とくに魂の本質が気づき、観照であり、さらにスピリットが限りない純粋な気づきであること明らかにし、非二元的気づきに言及した。つぎに気づきの存在論を、ウパニシャッド、シャンカラ、ラマナ・マハルシ、ニサルガダッタ・マハラジを引きながら検討した。そしてクリシュナムルティ、フロム、ウィルバーを用いて、気づきと身心の関連を考察し、最後にハクスレーの端緒をもとに、気づきの多次元的教育をとりあげた。 N2 - This paper is an attempt to provide a foundation of mindfulness by >perennial philosophy. >The perennial philosophy includes essential ideas on the world and the human beings across the world wisdom traditions. The central concept of perennial philosophy is >awareness.< In this regard, perennial philosophy becomes a theoretical foundation of mindfulness, or awareness practice in general. Relying on Aldous Huxley, Huston Smith, Ram Dass, and Ken Wilber, this paper firstly states that the perennial philosophy is a multidimensional theory and suggests that the essence of the soul is awareness or witness and spirit is boundless pure awareness, including an important discussion of nondual awareness. In the next section, it explores an ontology of awareness by referring to the Upanishad, Shankara, Ramana Maharshi, Nisargadatta Maharaj, and others. Then, referring to J. Krishnamurti, Erich Fromm, and Wilber, it discusses how awareness relates to the body-mind aspect. Finally, it explores a multidimensional way of awareness practice in education, based on Huxley's pioneering ideas on the education of awareness that provides a wider perspective for the current mindfulness practices. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moon, Sunghoon T1 - 태극기 군중의 탄생에 대한 사회 병리학적 탐구 [A Social-pathological Research of the Birth of Taegeukgi Crowd] JF - 사회와 철학 제 [Social Philosophy] No. 36 (2018), pp. 1-30. N2 - 본 논문의 목적은 에리히 프롬이 분석한 근대화의 역설을 모델로 삼아, 박근혜 탄핵 반대집회에서 모습을 드러낸 ‘태극기 군중’의 유래와 정체성을 밝히는데 있으며, 이를 위해 세 가지 작업을 수행할 것이다. 첫째, 본 논문은 근대화의 역설에 대한 에리히 프롬의 분석을 통해 정치지도자에 대한 맹신이 등장하는 이유를 근대인의 심리적 구조를 통해 설명할 것이다. 둘째, 본 논문은 에리히 프롬의 분석을 모델로 삼아 태극기 군중의 역사적 기원을 1970년대에 ‘조국근대화’를 추진한 박정희의 지지층으로 보면서, 이들의 탄생이 근대화의 역설적 결과임을 보여줄 것이다. 셋째, 본 논문은 박정희 지지층 일부가 박근혜 등장 이후 태극기 군중으로 부활하게 된 것을 프로이트의 ‘가족로망스’와 ‘멜랑콜리’ 개념을 통해 설명할 것이다. 그리고 끝으로 태극기 군중의 등장을 사회 병리학적 관점에서 ‘사회적 질병’으로 규정하면서 이를 극복하기 위해 어떤 사회적 노력이 필요한지를 지적할 것이다. N2 - In this paper, I will perform three tasks to reveal the identity and origins of the Taegeukgi Crowds, which appeared in the demonstration against the impeachment of Park Geun-Hye in 2017. First, I will explain why the crowd blindly trust the political leaders according to the psychological structure of the individual caused by modernization, which Erich Fromm depicts (1), and secondly, I will find the historical origins of the Taegeukgi Crowd in the political supporters of Park Chung-Hee who promoted in the 1970s “modernization of the fatherland,” and I will argue that the supporters is a paradoxical outcome of modernization (2). Third, I will explain based on Freud’s concept of family romance and melancholy that Park Chung-Hee’s supporters are revived as the Taegeukgi Crowd after the appearance of Park Geun-Hye (3). Finally, I will consider the emergence of Taegeukgi Crowd as a social pathological phenomenon, and I will point out what kind of social effort is needed to overcome it. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Min, Yoon Young A1 - Chang, Haram T1 - 출생 이전 인간생명의 증강 목적 유전자 편집에 대한 법정신분석학적 고찰 [Legal Psychoanalytical Considerations on the Genetic Enhancement of Human Life before Birth] JF - 법학논총 [Dankook Law Review], Vol. 42, No.4 (2018), pp. 95-132. N2 - 이 글은 출생 이전 인간생명의 증강목적 유전자 편집에 관한 현재의 담론이 도덕적 현기증에 빠져있다는 샌델의 지적에 공감하며, 이 문제에 관한 정신분석학적 고찰을 시도하여 도덕적 현기증을 극복한 법규범의 확립을 위한 토대를 놓는 것에 기여를 하고자 한다. 출생이전 인간생명의 증강 목적 유전자 편집 문제와 관련하여 크게 두 가지 입장이 있는데, 하나는 증강목적 유전자 편집을 찬성하는 트랜스휴머니즘이고 다른 하나는 반대하는 생명보수주의이다. 이 글은 정신분석학의 관점에서 트랜스휴머니스트들의 주장의 중요한 오류들을 비판하고, 생명보수주의자들의 논증은 보완하고 강화한다. 각 장의 중심 주제를 간략히 밝히자면, 제II장에서는 부모의 자녀를 위한 >합리적 선택<이 무의식을 고려한다면 허무한 신화일 수 있기에, 불가역적 변화인 출생 이전 인간생명의 증강목적 유전자 편집을 부모의 선택에 맡기는 것이 크게 위험할 수 있음을 밝히는데 주안점을 둘 것이고, 제III장은 >완벽<을 향한 트랜스휴머니스트들의 욕망의 파괴적 위험성을, 제IV장은 출생 이전 인간생명에 대한 유전자 편집의 욕망이 생명을 존중하는 바이오필리아적인 것이 아니라 통제를 갈구하는 네크로필리아적인 것임을 다룰 것이다. 제II장은 프로이트와 현대의 역동심리치료 이론들이, 제III장은 융의 분석심리학이, 제IV장은 프롬의 정신분석학이 중심적인 이론적 틀이 되며, 생명보수주의자로는 샌델과 하버마스가, 트랜스휴머니스트로는 보스트롬과 사블레스쿠가 주로 고찰될 것이다. 이 과정을 통해 인간 존재에 대한 균형 있는 관점을 가진 바이오필리아적 법의 확립을 위한 기초적 토대 마련에 기여할 수 있기를 바란다. N2 - In >The Case against Perfection<, Sandel argues that we are experiencing moral vertigo as genetics move faster than our moral understanding. In that same vein, this paper aims to import the language of psychoanalysis to help clear the moral confusion induced by the technologies of gene-editing. The reason why this paper claims psychoanalytic vocabulary would be useful is that it believes there are unconscious desires intertwined with genetics. The moral unease can only be correctly understood if and when we consider these unconscious desires. This paper focuses on arguments from both sides of transhumanism and bio-conservatism. It further tries to provide support from the psychoanalytic point of view in favor of the bio-conservatives' claims. The paper's main aim is to contribute to enhancing the laws and regulations that concern the area of genetic enhancement of human life before birth. If successful, it will provide a more balanced insight into the conscious and the unconscious aspects of human beings which will better equip our moral and legal vocabulary. Theories from Freud, Jung and Fromm are used in this argument with specific focuses on the issues of human irrationality, psychological dangers of the pursuit of perfection, and the desire to control. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millhouse, Madison M. T1 - Love as an Active Choice JF - Line by Line: A Journal of Beginning Student Writing, Vol. 4, No. 2 (2018), Article 8, pp. 1-5. [ecommons.udayton.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1205&context=lxl] N2 - Thanks to Nestor Haddaway, one cannot simply ask, >What is love?< without instinctually following it with the lyrics >Baby don’t hurt me, don’t hurt me, no more<, and I couldn’t bring myself to do it in this essay. However, now that I have posed the question – and gotten that song stuck in my head I’d like to ask the question in a better way: How does one love? The root of society’s widespread confusion on love is that it is not asking the right question. By asking how to love, one can then move on to ask more specific questions, particularly, how to maintain one’s individuality in love. I argue, with the help of Erich Fromm’s book >The Art of Loving< and Bell Hooks’ book >All About Love< that this image of a moving statue, >Man and Woman<, by Tamara Kvesitadze (Fig. 1) represents the answer to this question with its oscillation between the individuality and the connectedness needed for mature love. Contrary to the common conceptions that love is simple and out of one’s control, love is an active balance – a constant motion – between being together and yet separate. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Málovics, Jánosné T1 - A Marxi Elidegenedés-Elmélet hatása Erich Fromm Munkásságára [Wirkung der marxistischen Entfremdungstheorie auf die Tätigkeit von Erich Fromm] [Влияние теории отчужденности К. Маркса на деятельность Э. Фромма] JF - Acta Acadamiae Paedagogicae Szegedieesis, 1987-1988. Series Marxistica-Leninistica et Historica, pp. 97-103. [ISSN 0236-770X] [acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu/18231/1/jgytf_tudkozl_historica_1987_097-103.pdf] N2 - Die Diagnose des in der gegenwärtigen bürgerlichen Gesellschaft lebenden Menschen wird aus dem Gesichtspunkt des sich entfremdeten Individuums von Fromm eingehend aber etwas einseitig beschrieben. In seinen Untersuchungen vermischen sich soziologische und psychologische Elemente. Die Entfremdung spielt in seinen Werken eine zenrale Rolle, während deren Analyse werden die Gedanken von Marx in grossem Masse verwendet; dementsprechend wird Freud von ihm revidiert. N2 - Е. Фромм детально, но несколько односторонне, с точки зрения отчужденного индивидуума, описывает диагноз человека в современном буржуазном обществе. В его исследовании сочетаются социологические и психологические элементы. В произведениях философа проблема отчуждения стоит на центральном месте. В ходе анализа этой проблемы Е. Фромм в большой мере использует идеи К. Маркса и на их основе пересматривает программу Фрейда. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Loewy, Michael T1 - Redención y Utopía. El judaísmo libertario en Europa Central. Un estudio de afinidad elective, Santiago (Ariadna Ediciones) Chile 2018, 224 pp., Spanish. [ISSN: 978-956-8416-57-7] [DOI: 10.26448/978-956-8416-57-7/09] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liss, Barry T1 - Hot media, technological transformation and the plague of the dark emotions: Erich Fromm, Viktor Frankl and the recovery of meaning JF - Explorations in Media Ecology, Vol. 17, No. 4 (2018), pp. 379-392. [Online ISSN 2048-0717] [doi.org/10.1386/eme.17.4.379_1] N2 - This article takes the position that our contemporary overheated media environment lends itself to comfortable passivity, resulting in mental breakdown in the guise of the dark emotions: anxiety, melancholia and boredom. This is especially the case with the inevitable synergy of the upcoming technological transformations from genetic modification, virtual reality simulacra and artificial intelligence/robotics. After discussing the data from the World Health Organization regarding the stark increase of people across the globe suffering from depression and anxiety, this article weds the concepts of McLuhan’s hot-cool distinction with Fromm’s delineation of the productive character orientation. Following Fromm, this article argues that joy ensues from reason, productive labour and love–sorrow from ignorance, alienated work and indifference. When we willfully abrogate our responsibilities to self and other via non-participational mediated forms, we cede away our potential for growth and development. This leads to the emotional breakdowns of guilt, boredom, anxiety and melancholia. Viktor Frankl’s logo-therapeutic perspective is discussed as a counterbalance to the social effects wrought by our overheated technological environment. Frankl’s stress on phenomenological meaning as the cornerstone of existence provides a lens to understanding the affects of an over-reliance on technological gadgetry. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kwon, Hyuck-mi T1 - 토니 모리슨의 신앙 여정: 『가장 푸른 눈』과 『신이여 그 아이를 도우소서』를 중심으로 [Toni Morrison’s Path of Religion in >The Bluest Eye< and >God Help the Child<] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - 문학과 종교 [Literature and Religion], Vol. 23, No. 3 (2018), pp. 21- 40. N2 - 본 논문에서는 토니 모리슨의 첫 번째 소설 『가장 푸른 눈』과 최근 소설 『신이여 그 아이를 도우소서』에 등장하는 기독교인들을 에리히 프롬의 『소유냐 존재냐』에서 설명하는 두 가지 실존양식을 바탕으로 분석하여 작가의 신앙관을 추적하였다. 1970년에 발표된 『가장 푸른 눈』에는 세 명의 >소유양식<의 신앙인들인 폴린과 제럴딘 위트콤이 등장한다. 이들은 자신들의 입지를 위해 종교를 이용하고 피콜라의 정신분열 발생에 심각한 부정적 영향을 미친다. 2015년에 발표된 『신이여 그 아이를 도우소서』에서 부커의 고모 퀸은 >존재양식의 신앙인<으로 브라이드가 진정한 정체성을 형성하고 부커와의 사랑을 회복하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다. 기독교 신앙의 주요 속성을 >베푸는 사랑<으로 규정해온 토니 모리슨은 평생 >소유양식의 신앙인<들을 질타하고 >존재양식의 신앙인<이 되도록 촉구하며 독자들의 정신적인 성숙을 이끌어온 >존재양식의 신앙인<이다. 작가는 말년의 작품에서 기독교인들을 긍정적으로 평가하고 태아를 향한 축복 기도를 작품의 제목으로 삼을 만큼 신앙을 향한 긍정적인 태도를 보여주고 있다. N2 - This paper aims to trace Toni Morrison’s religious dimensions through the examination of the Christian characters in her first novel and her latest novel based on Erich Fromm’s two modes of existence in >To Have or To Be<. In >The Bluest Eye<, her first novel, >the Having Mode< of religion characterizes three African-American characters, Pauline, Geraldine, and Elihue who exploit others and bring about the ruin of the protagonist Pecola, a young black girl. In her latest novel God Help the Child, Queen is characterized by >the being mode< of religion. She plays a crucial role in helping Bride find her true identity and recover her love with Booker. Morrison who has understood the Christian religion as that of a gene< of religion. As depicted in her rendering of Queen, Morrison, who also has >the Being Mode< of religion, reveals optimistic faith in Christians to the point of ending her work with a player of blessing over the newborn as the title of her latest novel >God Help the Child< implies. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krivins, A. T1 - The motivational peculiarities of bribe-takers JF - The 6th International Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference >Society, Health, Welfare<, November 23 – 25, 2016, Riga, Latvia. In: Berkis, U. and Vilka, L. (Eds.): SHS Web of Conferences, Vol. 40 (2018), pp. 1-10. [doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184001006] N2 - Criminology (as the scientific study of criminal behaviour on the individual and social level) and psychology (as the science, which seeks to understand individuals and groups) pay special attention to motivation – a theoretical construction, used to explain behaviour. In this article the motivation of recipients of bribery is widely investigated. In addition to such well-established motives as greediness, selfishness, prevalence of personal interest, the author analyzes also other criminal behaviour determinants. The works, which are used in this research are of the following authors: John Broadus Watson, Edward Lee Thorndike (Behavioural); Sigmund Freud, Erich Fromm (Psychoanalysis); Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow (Existential-humanistic theories); William Isaac Thomas (Thomas theorem); Florian Witold Znaniecki (sociological theory); Erik Homburger Erikson (theory on psychosocial development of human beings); Jean William Fritz Piaget (theory of cognitive development); Herbert Lefcourt, Ronald Smith (>Locus of Control<) etc. As the result of this research the author has concluded that bribe-takers’ behaviour is determined by such psychological constructs as the desire for power, fear, envy, mental deflections, mania, feeling of exclusion, the need for extreme, oppressed creativity. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kobylarz, Karol T1 - Sprzeczności liberalnej demokracji a sofokracja Václava Havla [Contradictions of Liberal Democracy and Václav Havel's Sophocracy], Doctoral Dissertation, Philosophy, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland 2018, 241 pp. N2 - This dissertation tries to prove that the so-called philosopher on the throne can be a better ruler not only than dictator but also than contemporary liberal democratic politician. Since the sixth century BC, when the human undertook a systematic and critical contemplation upon surrounding reality, she/he has begun to dream about political rulers to be guided in their doings by the imperative of reason. In principal, the higher level of spiritual culture characterized the rulers, the more likely their subjects were to live to a great age in relative peace. That is why for centuries it has been dreamed of a political system that is something like a kind of a sophocracy. The most complete picture of such a sovereign, which fulfilled dreams about a sage in the crown, was outlined by Plato in his State. In his point of view, as long as the lovers of wisdom will not have royal power in the states, or the rulers will not begin to love wisdom honestly, there is no help for states and for the human race. Nevertheless, over the centuries, authority was enforced mainly by physical strength and not by reason. It was not until the twentieth century that democracy brought freedom and equality of rights, thanks to which political power became more rational. Unfortunately, also contemporary liberal democracy is not free from fundamental contradictions that can bring about its collapse. The main contradiction is the increasingly smaller influence of citizens – who in the theory of democracy are the only legal sovereign – on political decision-making. This is accompanied by the enhancing influence of entities with no democratic legitimacy, e.g. global corporations that do not care about the common (public) good, but only about their own. These entities use the growing intellectual and ethical weakness of democratic politicians whose purpose is their own particular interest and not the happiness (good) of their citizens. This may indicate a slow system disintegration. For this reason liberal democracy needs politicians who are wise enough to realize this threat. Of all the people in the history of the world who led political communities, to the Platonic ideal in the highest degree (among others, like T. G. Masaryk and Á. Göncz) got closer the man who, paradoxically, never wanted to be a ruler. Václav Havel's thought is a critique of both Soviet post-totalitarianism and Western democracy. In his opinion both systems, though to a different degree, alienate a human trying to reduce her/him to the role of a machine's cog. Havel proposes that every citizen take individual and global responsibility for herself/himself and the whole world, because only in this way she/he can consciously exert real influence over political decisions. What is more, this is the only way to build a politics that aims – if possible – the happiness of every person. Havel realizes that in today's world this attitude is extremely impractical and very difficult to apply in everyday life. Nevertheless, he knows no better possibility. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiraz, Selin T1 - Sosyal Araştırmalar Enstitüsü ile Erich Fromm ve Sigmund Freud İlişkisi [Relation of Institute for Social Research with Erich Fromm and Sigmund Freud] JF - Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / Anadolu University Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 18, No. 2 (2018), pp. 61-72. [Online ISSN: 2667-8683] [dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/692955] N2 - Sosyal Araştırmalar Enstitü’sü, eleştirel perspektifi daima göz önünde bulundurarak çalışmalarını yürüten, tarihsel süreç içerisinde birçok konu, olay ve sorun olarak gördükleri alanlarda çalışmalarda bulunan Almanya merkezli bir okuldur. Enstitü üyelerinin yayımlanan çalışmalarında tarih, sosyoloji, siyaset bilimi gibi başat alanlar göze çarpar niteliktedir. Psikanaliz konusundaki çalışmaları ise diğer alanlara göre oldukça sayılı fakat bir o kadar da incelenmeye değerdir. Bu çalışmada, Enstitü’ye katıldığı ilk dönemde kendisini NeoFreudcu olarak addeden Erich Fromm’dan yola çıkarak Enstitü üyelerinin psikanalizle ilgili çalışmaları incelenmiş ve üyelerin bu bilimsel alana olan olumlu-olumsuz görüşleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, birçok alanda sosyal bilimler adına çok değerli çalışmalara imza atan bu kuramcıların psikanalize ve Freud’un kuramlarına bakış açılarını yansıtmak ve psikanalizi kendi çalışma larında nasıl kullandıklarını belirlemektir. N2 - The Institute for Social Research is a German-centered school always carrying out their work with a critical perspective that has been working in the fields of many issues, events and problems in the historical process. In the published works of the members of the Institute, the leading fields such as history, sociology, politics are remarkable. The studies on the subject of psychoanalysis are rather numerous compared to other fields, but they need to be examined as well. In this study, the studies of psychoanalysis of Institute members are examined via Erich Fromm, who regarded himself as Neo-Freudist and the positive-negative opinions of the members on this scientific field were discussed. The aim of the study is to reflect on the views of psychoanalysis and Freud’s theories of these theoreticians who have signed many valuable works on behalf of many social sciences, and how they use psychoanalysis in their own work. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kim, Kwangsik T1 - 니체와 프롬의 철학으로 되짚어 본 EXO의 >으르렁 [The Song >Eureureong< [Growl] of EXO in the Philosophy of F. W. Nietzsche und E. Fromm]< [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - 사회와 철학 [Social Philosophy], Vol. 35 (2018), pp. 45-66. N2 - >으르렁<은 젊은 세대 대중음악을 대표하는 노래 가운데 하나다. 이 노래는 젊 은 세대에게 크게 인기를 끌었다. 이 노래는 철학적으로 >매우 위험한< 노래다. 으르렁대는 야만적인 무한경쟁의 심리가 드러나 있다. 이 논문은 그 노랫말을 니체와 프롬의 철학으로 되짚어 보고 그 철학적 까닭과 해법을 찾아보았다. 니체의 철학으로 보면, 그 철학적 까닭은 시기, 곧 타자 부정이며, 그 해법은 긍 정, 곧 자기 긍정이다. 자기가 사랑하는 이성을 사랑하는 다른 동성들에게 으르렁대는 까닭은 자기보다 뛰어난 이에 대한 불안이나 두려움 때문이며, 그 바탕에는 열등감과 시기심이 깔려 있다. 무엇보다 먼저 자기를 가치 있는 사람으로 긍정하면, 열등감과 시기심에 빠지지 않고, 자기보다 뛰어난 이에 대해 불안이나 두려움을 가질 필요가 없으므로 다른 이들에게 으르렁대지 않을 거다. 프롬의 철학으로 보면, 그 철학적 까닭은 소유를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐이며, 그 해법은 존재를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐이다. 다른 동성들에게 으르렁대는 까닭은 이성을 독차지하려는 소유를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐 때문이다. 무엇보다 먼저 존재를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐을 가지면, 사랑의 존재, 곧 사랑의 과정 및 경험 그 자체를 중요하게 여기므로 이성을 독차지하지 못하거나 잃어버릴까봐 불안해할 필요가 없기에 다른 이들에게 으르렁대지 않을 거다. >으르렁<으로 미루어 짐작하건대 우리 젊은 세대는 자긍심보다 열등감이나 시기 심이 강하고, 존재를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐보다 소유를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐이 강한 경향이 있다. 우리 나이든 세대의 유산일 게다. 걱정되는 것은 그러한 경향이 더 노골적이고 거칠어졌다는 점이다. 철학자만의 잘못은 아니다. 무한경쟁을 낳는 사회 구조적 원인이 가장 큰 탓이다. 하지만 철학자의 탓이기도 한 만큼 우리 철학자들이 젊은 세대의 자긍심이나 존재를 지향하는 삶의 마음가짐을 북돋우는 데 힘써야 한다. N2 - The song is one of the songs that represent the pop music of the young generation. Because the song has gained huge popularity among young people. This song is philosophically >so dangerous<. The song has the mentality of the growling barbarous unlimited competition. I analyzed the lyrics of the song in the philosophy of F. W. Nietzsche and E. Fromm and explored the philosophical reasons and solutions. In the philosophy of Nietzsche, the philosophical reason is the jealousy, this is the negation of others, and the solution is the pride, this is self-affirmation. The reason why he growls to other people who love his beloved partner is the anxiety or the fear to a man superior to himself, which is based on the inferiority feeling or the jealousy. First of all, if he affirms himself as a worthy person, he won't growl to others, because he don't have to feel inferior to or jealous of a man superior to himself and to feel anxious or fear. In the philosophy of Fromm, the philosophical reason is the attitude of the having-oriented lifestyle, and the solution is the attitude of the being-oriented lifestyle. The reason why he growls to others is because he has the attitude of the having-oriented lifestyle, which make him desire to monopolize his beloved partner. First of all, if he has the attitude of the being-oriented lifestyle, he won’t growl to others, because he regards the existence of love, namely the process or experience of love as important and therefore he don’t have to feel anxious or fear lest he can’t monopolize her or loses her. According to guessing from the song >Eureureong<, I guess that our younger generations tend to have inferiority feeling or jealousy rather than the pride and to have the attitude of the having-oriented lifestyle rather than the attitude of the being-oriented lifestyle. It is the legacy of our old generation. Worrying is that such trends are more explicit and rough-hearted. It is not just a philosopher's fault. That is mainly due to social structural causes. However, as a philosopher, we must strive to encourage our young people to have the pride and the attitude of the being-oriented lifestyle, because it is also a philosopher's fault. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Kilanowski, Marcin T1 - W obronie ludzkiej godności i solidarności. Erich Fromm i Isaiah Berlin ku nowym filozoficznym podstawom państwa i prawa [In Defense of Human Dignity and Solidarity. Erich Fromm and Isaiah Berlin towards New Philosophical Foundations of State and Law], Toruń (Scientific Publishing House of the Nicolaus Copernicus University) Poland 2018, 508 pp., Polish. [ISBN: 978-83-231-4017-7] N2 - Filozofia jest bogatym źródłem alternatywnych narracji opisujących, w jaki sposób powinniśmy chronić prawa człowieka; narracji, które rozwinęły się w czasach istnienia XX-wiecznych rządów totalitarnych. Niniejsza książka skupia się na myśli dwóch filozofów tego okresu – Ericha Fromma i Isaiaha Berlina. Analiza ich przemyśleń pozwala na ukazanie nowej filozoficznej koncepcji państwa i prawa opartej na wartościach godności ludzkiej i solidarności, uzasadnianych za pomocą argumentów odmiennych od >tradycyjnie uniwersalistycznych<. W koncepcji tej, zakorzenionej w ludzkim doświadczeniu, prawo musi uwzględniać zmieniające się okoliczności, być nakierowane na utrzymanie chwiejnej równowagi między różnymi i czasami przeciwstawnymi wartościami. Rozważania filozofów są zaskakująco aktualne i ukazują, że zagrożenia, które wystąpiły w XX wieku, czyhają na nas także dziś. N2 - Philosophy is a rich source of alternative narratives describing how we should protect human rights; narratives that developed during the existence of 20th century totalitarian governments. This book focuses on the thought of two philosophers of this period – Erich Fromm and Isaiah Berlin. The analysis of their thoughts makes it possible to show a new philosophical conception of the state and law based on the values of human dignity and solidarity, justified through arguments different from the >traditionally universalist< ones. In this concept, rooted in human experience, the law must take into account changing circumstances, be directed to maintain a shaky balance between different and sometimes opposing values. The philosophers' considerations are surprisingly timely and show that the dangers that occurred in the 20th century are still lurking today. [DeepL.com/Translator, free version, 12/2022] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kesner, Ladislav T1 - Mental Ill-Health and the Epidemiology of Representations JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol. 9, No. 289 (2018), pp. 3-6. [Online ISSN 1664-0640] [doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00289] N2 - One of major challenges facing contemporary psychiatry is the insufficient grasp of relationship between individual and collective mental pathologies. A long tradition of diagnosing >mental illness< of society – exemplified by Erich Fromm – stands apart from approach of contemporary social psychiatry and is not perceived as relevant for psychiatric discourse. In this Perspective article, I argue that it is possible to uphold the idea of a supra-individual dimension to mental health, while avoiding the obvious pitfalls involved in categorical diagnosing of society as suffering from mental illness. I argue for an extended notion of public mental ill-health, which goes beyond the quantitative understanding of mental health as an aggregate of individual diseased minds captured in statistics, and which can be conceived as a dynamic, emergent property resulting from interactions of individual brains/minds in social space. Such a notion, in turn, presents a challenge of how to account for the interfacing between individual minds/brains and the collective mental phenomena. A suitable theoretical framework is provided by the notion of epidemiology of representations, originally formulated by cognitive anthropologist Dan Sperber. Within this framework, it is possible to highlight the role of public (material) representations in inter-individual transfer of mental representations and mental states. It is a suitable conceptual platform to explain how the troubling experiences with causal or mediating role on mental health, to a significant degree arise through a person’s direct interaction with material representations and participation in collective mental states, again generated by material representations. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kermatfar, Hossein A1 - Beyad, Maryam T1 - The worm in the apple: wretched bonds in J. M. Coetzee’s >Disgrace< [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - African Identities, Vol. 16: No. 3 (2018), pp. 318-332. [Online ISSN 1472-5851] [doi.org/10.1080/14725843.2018.1439731] N2 - Coetzee’s novel >Disgrace< addresses the question of dysfunctional inter-human relationships and explores the themes of domination, subjection, and character distortion in the context of the post-apartheid South Africa. In fact, this paper holds, >Disgrace< fictionalizes Coetzee’s concerns about the social deformation that springs from distorted relationality. According to Erich Fromm’s social thought, the apartheid regime represented an insane society based on sadistic domination and masochistic submission. It systematized sadomasochistic patterns of interpersonal relatedness and excluded horizontal relationships based on love and mutual care. Disgrace shows that how the same dynamics of intersubjective relationships still feature in the >new< South Africa. A parallel is, therefore, drawn between Coetzean ideas about deformed relationality and social deformation and Frommian symbiotic relatedness and sociocultural insanity. The apartheid’s spirit of insanity lingers in the post-apartheid period since its modes of human interactions persist. The transition from the earlier racist system to a genuine democracy, the novel suggests, sounds impossible unless love replaces sadomasochistic relationality. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kellner, Douglas T1 - Donald Trump as Authoritarian Populist: A Frommian Analysis JF - Jeremiah Morelock (Ed.): Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism, London (University of Westminster Press) 2018, pp. 71-82. N2 - In this article, I discuss in detail how Erich Fromm’s categories can help de-scribe Trump’s character, or >temperament,< a word used to characterize a major flaw in Trump in the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign and his rule as President by the end of the first year. In >The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness< (1973), Fromm engages in a detailed analysis of the authoritarian character as sadistic, excessively narcissistic, malignantly aggressive, vengeably destructive, and necrophiliac, personality traits arguably applicable to Trump. In the following analysis, I will systematically deploy key Frommian socio-psychoanalytic categories to Trump and his followers to show how they can illuminate Trump and authoritarian populism. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kapłańska, Justyna T1 - Miłość nadająca życiu sens – zestawienie myśli Ericha Fromma i Hansa Ursa von Balthasara [Love that Gives Meaning to Life – A Juxtaposition of the Thoughts of Erich Fromm and Hans Urs von Balthasar] JF - Śląskie Studia Historyczno-Teologiczne, Vol 51, No. 2 (2018), pp. 376-387. N2 - Wśród myślicieli zajmujących się tematyką miłości na szczególną uwagę zasługują erich fromm i Hans Urs von Balthasar. obaj, czyniąc miłość jednym z ważniejszych zagadnień swych naukowych rozważań, traktują ją jako rozwiązanie ludzkich trudności i coś, co nadaje życiu sens. Dokonują wnikliwej analizy społeczeństwa, człowieka i czasów, w jakich przyszło im żyć i w ramach tej re fleksji prezentują wielopłaszczyznowe podejście do zagadnienia miłości. ich spojrzenie, a w szczegól ności różnice w ich postrzeganiu miłości, są ciekawe także ze względu na ich zbliżony kontekst historyczny (podobne lata życia) i kulturowy. artykuł, mając na uwadze odmienność stosowanej przez autorów metodologii i inną perspektywę (psychologiczną, filozoficzną czy teologiczną), ukazuje podobieństwa i różnice w ich myśli, a także poka zuje, że Hans Urs von Balthasar idzie o krok dalej niż erich fromm, analizując miłość w nieznanych temu drugiemu przestrzeniach. N2 - Among thinkers dealing with the subject of love, Erich Fromm and Hans Urs von Balthasar deserve special attention. Both, making love one of the most important issues in their scientific considerations, treat it as a solution to human difficulties and something that gives meaning to life. They make an in-depth analysis of society, people and the times in which they live and, as part of this reflection, present a multi-faceted approach to the issue of love. Their views, and in particular the differences in their perception of love, are also interesting due to their similar cultural and historical context (similar life years). The article, having regard to the different methodology used by the authors and a different perspective (psychological, philosophical or theological), shows the similarities and differences in their thoughts, and also shows that Hans Urs von Balthasar goes a step further than Erich Fromm, moving and analyzing love on spaces unknown to the latter. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hwang, Soo-Min A1 - et al., T1 - 웰라 컬렉션에 나타난 헤어디자인 트렌드 분석연구2014년에서 2018년까지 [Analysis of Hairstyling Trends in the Wella Collection: From 2014 to 2018] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - 한국인체미용예술학회지 [Journal of Korean Society of Aesthetic Art], Vol. 19, No. 4 (2018) pp. 187-199. N2 - Entering the 21st century, new cultural trends have been formed after changes in social perception and the environment. Social psychologist Erich Seligmann Fromm proposed that ‘the ability to predict the future and express subjects and acts in diverse ideas’ is an attribute that makes humans different from animals. There are very diverse ways and views to predict trends and experts from individual fields can predict trends by studying related laws. These trends can be viewed as a phenomenon that expresses the emotions and personality that exist in people’s consciousness. In modern society, people want to create trendy and unique styles, using diverse elements and design factors by escaping from a conventional concept of beauty. Humans design and develop new tools that are both esthetic and functional through harmony between art and science. In fashion, art and cosmetology, trendy collections are suggested annually by predicting trends in advance. New and diverse trends that differ from past trends are always pursued. With the development of mass media, furthermore, trends have become a large issue around the globe. Hairstyling is closely related to trend so that there should be continued studies on new trends. Therefore, this study investigated hairstyle trends in the Wella Collection from 2014 to 2018. It analyzed these hairstyles by shape, texture and color, and the results are available as basic data for analyzing hair collections. It is hoped that they would be useful in predicting future trends. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hunt, Jane T1 - Psychological Perspectives on the Garden of Eden and the Fall in Light of the Work of Melanie Klein and Erich Fromm JF - Pastoral Psychology, Vol. 67, No. 1 (2018), pp. 33-41. [Online ISSN 1573-6679] [doi.org/10.1007/s11089-017-0790-0] N2 - The story of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden is a seminal text within the Christian tradition and is considered to hold innermost truths about human nature. From a psychological perspective, Osman argues that since the narrative of Adam and Eve is the first telling of human experience within the Bible and since similar myths exist in other cultures, this story is likely to point to >significant truths about psychic functioning.< Ellens suggests that whether we take this story at a literal, symbolic, mythical, or metaphorical level, it provides us with a framework for thinking about the human condition. Inherent in this story is a series of themes that are central to psychological theories of development such as loss, separation, dependency, intersubjectivity, vulnerability, shame, and desire. This article focuses on two competing theological interpretations of the Garden of Eden emanating from the work of the church fathers Augustine and Irenaeus and explores how the work of psychoanalysts Erich Fromm and Melanie Klein maps onto these two traditions. The author argues that the work of Klein and Fromm can serve to illuminate these different theological traditions, assist us to reflect upon questions of psychological maturity and moral development, and provide a basis for dialogue between theology and psychology in which both the full goodness and the inherent destructiveness of humanity is fully recognised. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hassani, Hassan T1 - Two Concepts of Negative Liberty JF - Projet From Pre Freedom to Ultimate Freedom (2011), pp. 1-11. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326395670_Two_Concepts_of_Negative_Liberty] N2 - This paper tries to outline two different ways of thinking about the concept of negative liberty. On the one hand, one can think of negative liberty in the external view that is entitled the external negative liberty in this paper. Here, human being is free if no one stops him/her from doing whatever s/he may want to do. On the other hand, one can think of negative liberty in the internal sense that is entitled the internal negative freedom by the researcher. In this view, human being realizes him/ herself as a person who exists separately from others but s/he does not have his or her own identity. For this purpose, after analyzing of two approaches through a two prominent thinkers’ standpoints including Isaiah Berlin and Erich Fromm, this question is going to be answered; what negative liberty is based on the two new perspectives, the external and internal perspectives. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gandesha, Samir T1 - Understanding Right and Left Populism T2 - Jeremiah Morelock (Ed.): Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism, London (University of Westminster Press) 2018, pp. 49-70. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gandesha, Samir T1 - >Identifying with the aggressor<: From the authoritarian to neoliberal personality JF - Constellations, John Wiley and Sons, 2018, pp. 1–18. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gallagher, Ann A1 - et al., T1 - Love as a core value in veterinary and medical practice: Towards a humanimal clinical ethics? JF - Clinical Ethics, Vol. 13, No. 1 (2018), pp. 1-8. [Online ISSN 1758-101X] [doi.org/10.1177/1477750917738110] N2 - This article represents the outcome of a dialogue between a vet and a healthcare ethicist on the theme of >love< in professional life. We focus on four types or varieties of love (eros, agape, philia and storge) in relation to the professional care of humans and animals. We discuss the relevance of Fromm’s core elements of love (care, responsibility, respect and knowledge) and consider the implications of these for human and animal health care practice. We present and respond to five arguments that might be waged against embracing love as a professional value in veterinary and medical practice. We argue that a moderated love can and should be reclaimed as a contemporary professional value. It is most helpfully contextualised within virtue ethics or care ethics. We suggest that love is a rich starting point from which to launch an exploration of an interprofessional humanimal clinical ethics. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuchs, Christian T1 - Authoritarian capitalism, authoritarian movements and authoritarian communication JF - Media, Culture & Society, Vol 40, No. 5 (2018), pp. 779-791. [Online ISSN 1460-3675] [doi.org/10.1177/0163443718772147] N2 - Paolo Gerbaudo’s book >The Mask and the Flag: Populism, Citizenism and Global Protest<, whose approach is reflected in his Crosscurrents piece in the issue of >Media, Culture & Society< at hand, is a response to these societal, political and academic challenges. This Cross Currents comment asks, I ask, the following: Why is it that right-wing authoritarian populism in recent times has become much more popular than left-wing movements? How do right-wing authoritarian movements communicate? Why is it that right-wing political communication strategies seem to garner and result in mass support? The critical theory of authoritarianism advanced by the Frankfurt School and related authors on fascism, Nazism, and the authoritarian personality help us to critically analyse the communication of authoritarianism. In this context, particularly the works by Franz Leopold Neumann, Erich Fromm, Theodor W. Adorno, Herbert Marcuse, Leo Löwenthal, and Willhelm Reich are relevant. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Farrell, Michael T1 - Comment on Neil McLaughlin/2. Types of Creativity and Types of Collaborative Circles: New Directions for Research JF - Sociologica, No. 2 (Sep/Oct 2018), pp. 1-9. [ISSN 1971-8853] [rivisteweb.it/doi/10.2383/27716] N2 - This paper combines historical and biographical work on the Frankfurt School of critical theorists with a sociological approach to intellectual creativity outlined in Michael Farrell’s provocative book Collaborative Circles: Friendship Dynamics and Creative Work. Revisiting earlier research on the often unheralded role the psychoanalyst Erich Fromm played in the early years of the critical theory tradition, the paper reviews the theory of collaborative circles outlined by Farrell, applies this social science explanation of conflict and creativity to the Frankfurt School network of Horkheimer, Fromm, Adorno, Marcuse, Lowenthal etc. and suggests a new way of thinking about the history of this innovative and controversial group of social theorists and researchers. The paper concludes by suggesting revisions to the Farrell model of collaborative circles and compares and contrasts the strengths of the theory to the “scientific intellectual movements” approach outlined by Frickel and Gross. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dillon, James J. T1 - A letter to a new faculty member: How to stay sane in the academy JF - The Humanistic Psychologist, Vol. 46 (2018), No. 2, pp. 147-158. [Online ISSN 1547-3333] [doi.org/10.1037/hum0000085] N2 - This paper presents the text of an imagined oration from a senior faculty member to a newly hired faculty member on the topic of how to stay sane in the academy. It begins by characterizing the basic problem at the heart of the university: students are not learning as much as they should and professors are not teaching them in a way that ensures they do. The problem is one of dysfunction and denial. The university is not able to effectively perform its main function and the involved stakeholders pretend everything is fine. Seen in the light of Fromm’s (1955) criteria of mental health, many aspects of modern university life are quite >insane<. I discuss three specific things to avoid that will protect the faculty member’s sanity: avoid the >unstated compact< between faculty and students, avoid the prospect of a promotion to the administration, and avoid the lure of popularity and politics. I then discuss three affirmative steps to enhance faculty mental health: consider first things, honor the call of truth in the world and your discipline, and regularly recall the deeper purpose of the university. The paper concludes with a candid analysis of why the professoriate’s public prestige has precipitously fallen over the past 40 years. (APA PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anonymus, Christopher T1 - The Affective Bases of Domination: Beyond Marxism and Psychoanalysis JF - Anarchist Developments in Cultural Studies, No. 1 (2018), pp. 75-79. [Online ISSN 1923-5615] [journals.uvic.ca/index.php/adcs/article/view/18344] N2 - Some have attempted to address the popular acceptance of irrational ideas like fascism or capitalism through various combinations of the work of Marx and different forms of psychoanalysis. Some of the better - known attempts in this regard are Erich Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis, Wilhelm Reich’s discussion of the role of repressed sexuality as a control mechanism, and today, the philosopher Slavoj Žižek’s explanation via Marx’s theory of commodity fetishism and Lacan’s psychoanalysis. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Choo, Jung Wan T1 - 프롬의 사랑론에 관한 연구 [A Study of the Fromm's Love Theory] JF - 윤리교육연구 [Journal of Ethics Education Studies], No. 48 (2018), pp. 33-58. N2 - 본 논문의 목적은 프롬이 제시한 사랑의 의미와 실천 방법을 검토하는 것이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 프롬의 사상적 배경과 함께 그가 제시한 사랑론의 이론적 근거, 사랑론을 구성하는 주요 내용 및 프롬이 규정한 사랑의 대상, 그리고 사랑의 실천 방법을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다. 현행 고등학교 선택 과목인 『생활과 윤리』 교과에서는 ‘성과 사랑의 윤리’를 학습 주제로 제시하고 있으며, 이에 따라 현행 교육과정을 따르는 교과서들에서는 해당 영역에서 프롬의 사랑에 관한 입장을 학습 요소로 제시하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서 다루는 프롬의 사랑론에 대한 원전 중심의 종합적인 검토는 교과 내용 및 교수학습 과정에 기여할 것으로 기대한다. N2 - The purpose of this thesis is to exam the Fromm's love theory, which suggesting the meaning and practical methods of love. The current high school subject, >Life and Ethics< presents Fromm's love theory in the learning subject of the ethics of sex and love. So some textbooks handles the Fromm's theory. Therefore, specific understanding about the Fromm's theory will be expected to devote to the learning and teaching process. In this thesis, we will examine the Fromm's theoretical bases, the main idea about love and practical methods of love on his academic backgrounds. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carvalho, Salo de T1 - A Atualidade da Criminologia Crítica: Pensamento Criminológico, Controle Social e Violência Institucional JF - Veritas (Porto Alegre), Vol. 63, No. 2 (2018), pp. 626-639. [Online ISSN 1984-6746] [doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2018.2.30790] N2 - O ensaio discute e afirma a atualidade da Criminologia Crítica a partir da identificação de sua emergência na Escola de Frankfurt e, em consequência, dos vínculos entre a constituição do saber criminológico crítico e a crítica das violências institucionais. Ao apresentar as diferenças entre as teorias tradicional e crítica, aponta as relações entre razão jurídica e razão instrumental e direciona o enfoque aos autores do círculo externo da Escola de Frankfurt que enfrentaram a questão penal (Rusche, Kirchheimer, Neumann e Fromm). Ao final, projeta formas de atuação do saber crítico nos campos da Criminologia e do Direito Penal. N2 - This paper analyses current debates in the Critical Criminology field, through its emergence during the Frankfurt School, and the link between the development of the critical criminology knowledge and the criticism of institutional violence. By introducing the differences between traditional and critical theories, the essay points out the relation between legal and instrumental reasons, and considers authors that did not belong to the main circle of the Frankfurt School and dealt with criminological issues (Rusche, Kirchheimer, Neumann and Fromm).To conclude, the paper proposes ways to apply critical knowledge in the Criminology and Criminal Law field. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bytautas, Matas T1 - Subjekto humanistinės-vertybinės pozicijos realizavimas Erich'o Fromm'o filosofijoje [Realization of the humanistic-value position of the object in the philosophy of Erich Fromm] JF - Socialinių Mokslų Studijos / Societal Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2 (2018), pp. 194-204. [Online ISSN 2029-2244] [ceeol.com/search/journal-detail?id=417] N2 - Straipsnyje analizuojama Erich’o Fromm’o suformuota produktyvaus charakterio struktūra, kuri yra ir humanistinės vertybės išreiškimo sąlyga. Ši charakterio struktūra analizuojama kaip tam tikras atskaitos taškas, kuriuo būtų galima vertinti naują technologijų formuojamą realybę. Tokio tipo analizės pasirinkimas susijęs su tuo, kad naujoji technologinė realybė sparčiai kinta kokybiškai. Todėl kyla klausimas, ar įmanoma suformuoti tokį jos kritinio vertinimo atskaitos tašką, kuris, viena vertus, tarnautų humanistiniams tikslams, kita vertus, leistų vertinti įvykusius technologijų kokybinius pokyčius. Taip pat pateikiama E. Fromm’o suformuoto produktyvaus charakterio įpraktinimo kritika ir tolesnės šios temos nagrinėjimo galimos perspektyvos. N2 - In the 21st century, rapidly developing technologies and their integration into social life have created a new type of reality: virtual reality generated by information technologies. This new technological phenomenon, which differs from the other technical creations produced by humanity, belongs to a different plane to the familiar physical one. We are not talking about a technical product that has acquired a new quality, but about a new layer of reality that has formed in which the speed, features, possibilities and impacts of processes are very different from technological processes in familiar physical reality. This >otherness< implies that earlier technical criticism, which addressed various de-humanising aspects, is not enough to critically evaluate the new technological reality. The question therefore arises of whether it is possible to formulate a critical point of reference that serves humanitarian purposes from the one side and allows new qualitative changes to be appreciated from the other. The structure of productive character, a concept elucidated by Erich Fromm, is analysed to achieve this aim. This concept is a means of expressing humanism as a value, acting as a starting point from which the new technology-formed reality can be assessed. The structure of productive character reveals to us is that it is the position of classical humanism as value (human purpose is the development of one’s potential) and that it combines inner mental qualities with one’s social environment without attributing the determining role for any of these aspects. The opportunity to form this kind of character by Fromm is, first, to do practice in which a person, through awareness, transforms forces that are irrational and have an influence on him or her. The result is that this person is free from the forces that stopped the individual from realising him or herself. Secondly, to transform his or her social life, when, instead of passive existence determined by a mechanised societal order and computers, the person chooses active self-realisation. Special groups of people are helping this shift to happen. When, through these means, a person has finally formed the structure of productive character within him or herself, then the main value and orientation of that individual’s life is the further development of their potential – the results of which will be integrated into social life. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Benson, Eleanor R. T1 - Love is in the Airwaves: Contesting Mass Incarceration with Prisoners' Radio JF - Tapestries: Interwoven voices of local and global identities, Vol. 7, No. 1 (2018), pp. 1-16. [digitalcommons.macalester.edu/tapestries/vol7/iss1/7] N2 - Building on bell hooks’ conceptualization of love as a mode of political resistance, this article explores how prisoners’ radio employs love to combat injustice. Through an examination of two prisoners’ radio projects – The Prison Show in Texas and Restorative Radio in Kentucky – I argue that incarcerated people and their loved ones appropriate the radio to perform public and revolutionary acts of love, countering the oppressive forces of mass incarceration in the United States. By unapologetically positioning their love for prisoners front and center, ordinary Americans subvert systems of oppression which mark incarcerated folks as incapable and unworthy of love. Love is an intrinsic marker of humanity, so prisoners’ radio allows the incarcerated and their advocates on the outside to actively challenge the dehumanization that people face behind bars. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Azevedo, Gilson Xavier de T1 - Psicologia da religião e sistema de crenças [Psychology of religion and belief system] [Psicología de la religión y sistema de creencias] JF - Numen: revista de estudos e pesquisa da religião (Juiz de Fora), Vol. 21, No. 2 (2018), pp. 58-65. [Online ISSN 2236-6296] [doi.org/10.34019/2236-6296.2018.v21.22178] N2 - O objetivo deste artigo é abordar a noção de sistema de crenças dentro da psicologia da religião através de três elementos que parecem cruciais para tal compreensão. Inicialmente tratar a experiência religiosa como elemento formado a partir de um sistema de crenças constituído no campo psíquico e, depois, propor um levantamento das obras de dois autores (Sigmund Freud e Erich Fromm) da psicanálise que abordaram a experiência religiosa em algumas de suas obras, e em terceiro, compor um perfil significativo da psicologia das crenças em questão. Trata-se de um estudo revisional exploratório. A motivação para esse estudo situa-se no conjunto de estudos que venho propondo nos campos da antropologia, psicologia e sociologia sobre o que concebo por sistema de crenças. A questão é se os autores e obras que venho analisando tocam nesta questão, sem necessariamente se darem conta de que estão tratando de uma estrutura tão elementar para a formação social quanto as demais. A premissa básica é de que autores e obras analisadas dão subsidio para tal localização. Espera-se não só neste artigo, mas no estudo como um todo, chegar a noções conceituais sólidas sobre o sistema de crenças e seu papel cultural, psíquico e social. N2 - The purpose of this article is to address the notion of belief systems within the psychology of religion through three elements that seem crucial to such understanding. Initially to treat religious experience as an element formed from a system of beliefs constituted in the psychic field and then to propose a survey of the works of two authors (Sigmund Freud and Erich Fromm) of psychoanalysis who approached religious experience in some of his works, thus composing a significant profile of religious psychology. This is an exploratory review. The motivation for this study lies in the set of studies that I have proposed in the fields of anthropology, psychology and sociology on what I conceive by belief system. The question is whether the authors and works that I have been analyzing touch on this question, without necessarily realizing that they are dealing with such an elementary structure for social formation as the others. The basic premise is that authors and works analyzed give subsidy for such location. It is hoped not only in this article, but in the study as a whole, to arrive at solid conceptual notions about the belief system and its cultural, psychic, and social role. N2 - El objetivo de este artículo es abordar la noción de sistema de creencias dentro de la psicología de la religión a través de tres elementos que parecen cruciales para tal comprensión. En primer lugar tratar la experiencia religiosa como elemento formado a partir de un sistema de creencias constituido en el campo psíquico y después proponer un levantamiento de las obras de dos autores (Sigmund Freud y Erich Fromm) del psicoanálisis que abordaron la experiencia religiosa en algunas de sus obras, y en tercer lugar, componer un perfil significativo de la psicología de las creencias en cuestión. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio. La motivación para ese estudio se sitúa en el conjunto de estudios que vengo propuesto en los campos de la antropología, psicología y sociología sobre lo que concibo por sistema de creencias. La cuestión es si los autores y obras que vengo analizando tocan en esta cuestión, sin necesariamente darse cuenta de que están tratando de una estructura tan elemental para la formación social como las demás. La premisa básica es que autores y obras analizadas dan subsidio para tal localización. Se espera no sólo en ese artículo, sino en el estudio como un todo, llegar a nociones conceptuales sólidas sobre el sistema de creencias y su papel cultural, psíquico y social. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Amarshi, Aliya T1 - From Pain to Power: A Socio-Psychological Investigation of Anti-Racist Feminist Ressentiment, Dissertation, in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy), Sociology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2018, 348 + 7 pp. [yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/42b76ef0-db96-4a23-a501-61ee3c513404/content] N2 - In recent years, identity-based movements have increasingly been criticized by outsiders for espousing a >culture of outrage< both in terms of their academic expressions and activist mobilizations. In the present study, I examine this charge from within the struggle by advancing a self-reflexive socio-psychological investigation into certain emotional responses, attitudes, and practices that have, in significant ways, come to define this type of political agitation. Specifically, I focus my analysis on anti-racist feminism given my personal ties and investment in this movement. Following Wendy Brown, I investigate whether anti-racist feminism suffers from the Nietzschean affliction of ressentiment, and if so, what can be done to reorient the movement towards a more affirmative and humanist future. I address this latter objective through the work of Erich Fromm who I argue provides us with insights that are especially pertinent to our current problem, and which, when developed further with the aid of anti-racist interventions, can offer a fruitful means to moving forward. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ahmadi, Anas T1 - Manusia Biofilia dan Nekrofilia dalam Ekofiksi Indonesia: Perspektif Ekopsikologi [Human Biophilia and Necrophilia in Indonesian Ecofiction: An Ecopsychological Perspective], Doctoral dissertation, Language Education, State University Malang, Java, Indonesia 2018, 304 pp., Indonesian. N2 - Penelitian Tipe >Manusia Biofilia dan Nekrofilia dalam Ekofiksi Indonesia: Perspektif Ekopsikologi< ini didasarkan pada fakta bahwa sastra merepresentasikan hubungan manusia dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada empat aspek, yakni (1) tipe manusia biofilia dalam ekofiksi Indonesia; (2) tipe manusia nekrofilia dalam ekofiksi Indonesia; (3) sikap pengarang terhadap manusia biofilia dalam ekofiksi Indonesia; dan (4) sikap pengarang terhadap manusia nekrofilia dalam ekofiksi Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif-interpretatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yakni ekopsikologi yang merupakan bagian dari studi psikologi, sedangkan teori yang digunakan, yakni biofilia dan nekrofilia yang ditopang dengan konsep etika lingkungan dan alienasi lingkungan. Instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti yang sekaligus menjadi instrumen kunci. Data yang digunakan berupa kata, frasa, kalimat, dan alinea yang relevan dengan fokus penelitian. Sumber data yang digunakan, yakni 17 ekofiksi Indonesia yang relevan dengan fokus penelitian. Penganalisisan data menggunakan teknik heuristik yang merujuk pada Key & Kerr, swapencarian (selfsearch), swadialog (selfdialogue), dan swatemuan (selfdicovery), sedangkan untuk pengodean data merujuk pada Neuman, yakni (1) pengodean terbuka, (2) pengodean aksial, (3) pengodean selektif, dan (4) tahap pengodean final. Berdasarkan analisis, diperoleh temuan penelitian yang terpapar sebagai berikut. Pertama, tipe manusia biofilia yang terdapat dalam 17 ekofiksi indonesia muncul dalam bentuk (1) tipe manusia biofilia humanistik. Dalam interaksinya dengan lingkungan, manusia biofilia humanistik menunjukkan pikiran/tindakan mencintai laut, memprotes lingkungan tambang, peduli pada lingkungan domestik, peduli pada lingkungan sawah/ladang, dan mencintai binatang; (3) tipe manusia biofilia estetik. Dalam interaksinya dengan lingkungan, manusia biofilia estetik menunjukkan pikiran/tindakan yang berkait dengan keindahan air terjun, keindahan lingkungan sekitar, keindahan laut, kesenian tema lingkungan; (3) tipe manusia biofilia ekospiritualistik. Dalam interaksinya dengan lingkungan, manusia tipe manusia biofilia ekospiritualistik menunjukkan pikiran/tindakannya dalam upacara yang berkait dengan lingkungan dan pencarian jati diri melalui lingkungan; (4) tipe manusia biofilia ekosaintik. Dalam interaksinya dengan lingkungan, manusia biofilia ekosaintik menunjukkan pikiran/tindakan pengetahuan lokal tentang pengobatan, pengetahuan lokal tentang persilatan, pengetahuan lokal tentang pola hidup, cara mengendalikan lingkungan, dan cara membuat perahu. Kedua, tipe manusia nekrofilia yang terdapat dalam 17 ekofiksi indonesia muncul dalam bentuk (1) tipe manusia nekrofilia eksploitatif. Dalam interaksinya dengan lingkungan, manusia nekrofilia eksploitatif menunjukkan pikiran/tindakan yang berkait dengan eksploitasi lingkungan tambang, eksploitasi lingkungan hutan, eksploitasi binatang; (2) tipe manusia nekrofilia destruktif. Dalam interaksinya dengan lingkungan, manusia nekrofilia eksploitatif menunjukkan pikiran/tindakan yang berkait dengan pembakaran hutan, penyiksaan/pembunuhan binatang; dan (3) tipe manusia nekrofilia simbolis. Dalam interaksinya dengan lingkungan, manusia nekrofilia simbolis mengalami trans-spesies menjadi binatang (babi) yang suka mencuri harta orang lain. Ketiga, sikap pengarang Indonesia terhadap tipe manusia biofilia adalah mendukung sepenuhnya. Para pengarang Indonesia menunjukkan keberpihakan pada tipe manusia biofilia. Sikap keberpihakan pengarang tersebut muncul dalam bentuk (1) sikap menumbuhkembangkan spiritualisme lingkungan. Sikap ini direpresentasikan oleh pengarang Herliany dalam Is; (2) sikap mencintai binatang direpresentasikan oleh pengarang Kuntowijoyo dalam MPU, Cipta dalam Ca, Thayf dalam TT, dan Lestari dalam Pt; (3) sikap apresiatif terhadap estetika lingkungan direpresentasikan oleh pengarang Dewi Lestari dalam Ak, Seno Gumira dalam NB2, dan Mangunwijaya dalam IHIH; dan (4) sikap menunjukkan pengetahuan tradisi pengobatan tradisional direpresentasikan oleh pengarang Mangunwijaya dalam IHIH, Senogumira dalam NB2, dan Thayf dalam TT. Dengan demikian, sikap pengarang Indonesia terhadap manusia biofilia terkategorikan orientasi >lunak< belum mengarah pada orientasi >radikal< sebab dalam novel Indonesia manusia biofilia tidak digambarkan melakukan peperangan/pemberontakan terhadap manusia nekrofilia. Keempat, sikap pengarang Indonesia terhadap manusia nekrofilia adalah tidak mendukung. Mereka memprotes dan mengkritisi tipe manusia nekrofilia. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan pengarang Indonesia dalam bentuk (1) sikap menunjukkan ketidakadilan ras dalam lingkungan; (2) sikap mengkritisi eksploitasi lingkungan. Sikap menunjukkan ketidakadilan ras dalam lingkungan direpesentasikan oleh Andrea Hirata dan Thayf. Adapun sikap mengkritisi eksploitasi lingkungan direpresentasikan oleh Andrea Hirata, Thayf, dan Tereliye dan; (3) sikap mengkritisi penyiksaan dan pelecehan terhadap binatang direpresentasikan oleh pengarang Eka Kurniawan dalam O. Berkait dengan keempat simpulan tersebut tampak bahwa sastra Indonesia, khususnya novel masih belum banyak yang memunculkan representasi interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan, baik segi manusia biofilia dan manusia nekrofilia. Dengan demikian, pengarang Indonesia, khususnya novelis, perhatian terhadap masalah interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan belum begitu besar. Lingkungan belum menjadi tema arus utama dalam novel-novel Indonesia. Meskipun demikian, sastrawan Indonesia, misalnya Mangunwijaya, Navis, Kuntowijoyo, Rampan, Lestari, Kurniawan, Thayf, Senogumira, Tereliye, Cipta, dan Herliany, merupakan pengarang yang menaruh konsentrasi terhadap hubungan interaksional antara manusia dan lingkungan. Karena itu, pengarang yang menggambarkan interaksi manusia dan lingkungan adalah pengarang yang menarasikan sastra lingkungan atau yang dikenal dengan sebutan ecoliterature, ecofiction, atau econarratology. N2 - Research on Human Types of >Biophilia and Necrophilia in Indonesian Ecofiction: An Ecopsychological Perspective< is based on the fact that literature represents the relationship between humans and the environment. This research focuses on four aspects, namely (1) the type of biophilic human in Indonesian ecofiction; (2) necrophilic human types in Indonesian eco-fiction; (3) the author's attitude towards human biophilia in Indonesian eco-fiction; and (4) the author's attitude towards necrophilic humans in Indonesian ecofiction. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive-interpretative approach. The approach used in this study is ecopsychology which is part of the study of psychology, while the theory used is biophilia and necrophilia which are supported by the concepts of environmental ethics and environmental alienation. The research instrument is the researcher who is also the key instrument. The data used are in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs that are relevant to the research focus. The data sources used are 17 Indonesian ecofictions that are relevant to the research focus. Data analysis used heuristic techniques that referred to Key & Kerr, self-search, self-dialogue, and self-discovery, while data coding referred to Neuman, namely (1) open coding, (2) axial coding, ( 3) selective coding, and (4) final coding stage. Based on the analysis, the following research findings were obtained which were exposed. First, the biophilic human type found in 17 Indonesian ecofictions appears in the form of (1) humanistic biophilic human type. In interacting with the environment, humanistic biophilic humans show thoughts/actions of loving the sea, protesting the mining environment, caring for the domestic environment, caring for the paddy/field environment, and loving animals; (3) aesthetic biophilic human type. In interacting with the environment, aesthetic biophilic humans show thoughts/actions related to the beauty of waterfalls, the beauty of the surrounding environment, the beauty of the sea, environmental-themed art; (3) eco-spiritualistic biophilic human type. In interacting with the environment, eco-spiritualistic biophilic humans show their thoughts/actions in ceremonies related to the environment and search for identity through the environment; (4) ecosynthetic biophilic human type. In interacting with the environment, ecosynthetic biophilic humans show thoughts/actions of local knowledge about medicine, local knowledge about martial arts, local knowledge about lifestyle, how to control the environment, and how to make boats. Second, the necrophilic human type found in 17 Indonesian ecofictions appears in the form of (1) the exploitative necrophilic human type. In interacting with the environment, exploitative necrophilic humans show thoughts/actions related to exploitation of the mining environment, exploitation of the forest environment, exploitation of animals; (2) the human type of destructive necrophilia. In interacting with the environment, exploitative necrophilic humans show thoughts/actions related to burning forests, torturing/killing animals; and (3) the human type of symbolic necrophilia. In interacting with the environment, humans with symbolic necrophilia experience trans-species to become animals (pigs) who like to steal other people's property. Third, the attitude of Indonesian authors towards the biophilic human type is fully supportive. Indonesian authors show partiality towards the biophilic human type. The attitude of the author's partiality appears in the form of (1) the attitude of fostering environmental spiritualism. This attitude is represented by the author Herliany in Is; (2) the attitude of loving animals is represented by the authors Kuntowijoyo in MPU, Cipta in Ca, Thayf in TT, and Lestari in Pt; (3) an appreciative attitude towards environmental aesthetics is represented by the authors Dewi Lestari in Ak, Seno Gumira in NB2, and Mangunwijaya in IHIH; and (4) the attitude of demonstrating knowledge of traditional medicinal traditions represented by the authors Mangunwijaya in IHIH, Senogumira in NB2, and Thayf in TT. Thus, the attitude of Indonesian authors towards biophilic humans is categorized as a >soft< orientation but not towards a >radical< orientation because in Indonesian novels biophilic humans are not depicted waging war/rebellion against necrophilic humans. Fourth, the attitude of Indonesian authors towards necrophilic humans is not supportive. They protest and criticize the necrophilic human type. This is shown by Indonesian authors in the form of (1) attitudes showing racial injustice in the environment; (2) the attitude of criticizing the exploitation of the environment. The attitude of showing racial injustice in the environment is represented by Andrea Hirata and Thayf. As for the attitude of criticizing environmental exploitation represented by Andrea Hirata, Thayf, and Tereliye and; (3) the attitude of criticizing the torture and abuse of animals is represented by the author Eka Kurniawan in O. In connection with these four conclusions, it appears that Indonesian literature, especially novels, still does not present many representations of human interaction with the environment, both in terms of human biophilia and human necrophilia. Thus, Indonesian writers, especially novelists, have not paid much attention to the problem of human interaction with the environment. The environment has not yet become a mainstream theme in Indonesian novels. Nonetheless, Indonesian writers, for example Mangunwijaya, Navis, Kuntowijoyo, Rampan, Lestari, Kurniawan, Thayf, Senogumira, Tereliye, Cipta, and Herliany, are authors who concentrate on the interactional relationship between humans and the environment. Therefore, authors who describe the interaction of humans and the environment are authors who narrate environmental literature or what is known as ecoliterature, ecofiction, or econarratology. [Translation: Google translator, 12/2022] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abromeit, John T1 - Frankfurt School Critical Theory and the Persistence of Authoritarian Populism in the United States JF - Jeremiah Morelock (Ed.): Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism, London (University of Westminster Press) 2018, pp. 3-27. Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abril, Francisco T1 - Anhelo de sumisión, anhelo de libertad. Del círculo >interno< al >externo< de la Teoría Crítica y un paso más [Desire of Submission, Desire of Freedom. From >inner< to >outer< Circle of Critical Theory and one more Step] JF - Revista Pllquen. Sección Sciencias Sociales, Vol. 21, No. 1 (2018), pp. 14-29. [Online ISSN 1851-3123] [doi.org/10.54367/logos.v14i2.340] N2 - En el presente escrito buscaremos reconstruir algunas de las diferencias conceptuales que mostraron los autores más representativos de la primera Teoría Crítica de Frankfurt. Estas diferencias remiten tanto al análisis de los procesos socio-históricos, como al del problema del poder y la dominación. Para su adecuada reconstrucción nos serviremos de los aportes realizados por Axel Honneth – actual director del Institut für Sozialforschung – en su artículo >Teoría Crítica<. Su principal tesis es que, a finales de la década del treinta, se produjo una escisión en el seno de la primera Teoría Crítica; escisión que suscitó un círculo >interno<-integrado, entre otros, por Max Horkheimer y Theodor Adorno- y uno >externo< – al que pertenecieron Franz Neumann, Erich Fromm y Walter Benjamin –. Honneth defiende a los autores pertenecientes al círculo >externo<, pero no desarrolla de manera extensiva sus argumentos. Nuestra intención aquí es, precisamente, desglosar esta defensa a partir de la relectura del libro de Erich Fromm >El miedo a la Libertad<. En dicha obra puede encontrarse una exposición >compleja< del proceso socio-histórico y, sobre todo, un modelo de poder / dominación >alternative< respecto del que prevaleció en el círculo >interno< de la Teoría Crítica. Entendemos, por último, que el diálogo que se pueda establecer entre Honneth y Fromm señala caminos prometedores para renovar y dotar de actualidad al pensamiento social crítico. N2 - In this paper we will seek to reconstruct some of the conceptual differences that showed the most representative authors of the first Critical Theory of Frankfurt. These differences refer both to the analysis of socio-historical processes, and to the problem of power and domination. For its adequate reconstruction we will use the contributions made by Axel Honneth – current director of the Institut für Sozialforschung – in his article >Critical Theory<. Its main thesis is that in the late 30s there was a division in the first Critical Theory. This division gave rise to an >inner< circle – Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, among others- and an >outer< circle -including to Franz Neumann, Erich Fromm and Walter Benjamin –. Honneth defends the authors belonging to the >outer< circle, but does not develop extensively their arguments. Our intention here is precisely to disaggregate this defense from the re-reading of Erich Fromm's book >Escape from Freedom<. In this work we can find a >complex< exposition of the socio-historical process and, above all, an >alternative< model of power / domination over that which prevailed in the >inner< circle of Critical Theory. Lastly, we understand that the dialogue that can be established between Honneth and Fromm points to promising paths for renewing and updating critical social thinking. Y1 - 2018 ER -