TY - JOUR A1 - Šķesteris, Jānis T1 - Brīvības variācijas (Erichs Fromms, Merabs Mamardašvili). Paper presented at Fromma konference „Brīvība un brīvības: iespējas un draudi” Norises laiks 10. un 11. maijs 2013, 5 pp. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Štádlerová, Pavlína T1 - Srovnání názoru na lidskou existenci: existencialisté, Fromm a Frankl [Comparison of Opinions on Human Being: Existentialists, Fromm and Frankl], Bachelor thesis, Philosophy, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Poland 2013, 32 pp. N2 - Bakalářská práce se zabývá filozofií tří významných filozofů Ericha Fromma, Viktora Emanuela Frankla a Alberta Camuse. Práce je rozdělena do čtyř kapitol, ve kterých se vždy zabývám jedním problémem z pohledu všech zmíněných autorů. V závěru kapitoly je určité shrnutí těchto myšlenek a nalezení podobných znaků jejich filozofie. První kapitola je věnována problému autentického způsobu lidské existence. Ve druhé kapitole se zabývám tématem svobody, a to především, zda je či není absolutní svoboda možná. Následující kapitola řeší otázku lidské společnosti a jejího vlivu na člověka. Poslední kapitola představuje problém smrti a sebevraždy. V závěru práce jsem se pokusila o shrnutí společných bodů filozofie již zmíněných filozofů. N2 - The bachelor´s thesis describes the philosophy of three important philosophers Erich Fromm, Victor Emanuel Frankl and Albert Camus. The work is divided into four chapters, in each of them I always deal with one specific problem from the point of view of all these philosophers. At the end of each chapter there is some conclusion and a summary of these thoughts as well as findings of similar characters of their philosophy. The first chapter is devoted to the problem of authentic way of the human existence. The second chapter deals with the topic of freedom, primarily, whether the absolute freedom possible is or is not. The following chapter talks about the issue of human society and its impact on a human. The last chapter describes the problem of death and suicide. In conclusion, I tried to summarize the similar points of philosophy of these authors. [Author's English version] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šauers, Edijs T1 - Brīvība kā nosacījums mīlestībai vai mīlestība kā nosacījums brīvībai (Imanuel Kants, Erich Fromms). Paper presented at Fromma konference „Brīvība un brīvības: iespējas un draudi” Norises laiks 10. un 11. maijs 2013, 4 pp. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zábranská, Marie T1 - Frommovo pojetí člověka a psychoanalýza [Fromm´s Conception of Human and Psychoanalysis, Bachelor thesis, Philosophy, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Poland 2013, 57 pp. N2 - The topic of the present bachelor thesis is Erich Fromm and his specific concept of a human being and psychoanalysis. In his works, this famous psychologist was able to explain the position of a human being in the society, their needs and problems linked to their own existence. The introductory chapter summarizes fundamental facts about Fromm’s life and mentions several important personalities who influenced his thinking. The following chapters focus on the main issues of Fromm’s concept of a human being, especially their place in the environment, their relationship with the surrounding world, life philosophy and the issue of personal freedom. It deals in detail with the issues of love, aggression, freedom and the >To Be and to Have< life philosophy. Another issue this thesis deals with is Fromm’s approach to psychoanalysis and religion. The concluding chapter contains the fact about the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud and a comparison of the individual concepts of a human being as formulated by Freud and Fromm respectively. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmer, Manfred T1 - Anlagen zum Artikel >Erich Fromm in China. Überblick über die Rezeption seines Denkens< JF - http://www.erich-fromm-online.de/images/stories/pdf/Zimmer_M_2014a.pdf Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Yu T1 - Self-love: The Highest Value of Humanistic Ethics [自爱:人道主义伦理学的最高价值] JF - Jiangxi Social Sciences [江西社会科学], No. 6 (2013), pp. 42-46. N2 - 弗洛姆作为20世纪西方著名的新人道主义伦理学家,一直热切关注着同时代人的生存处境。这种困境肇始于自我意识的觉醒,却因自我的丧失而导致一个不完美的结局。真正的自我既不是孤立的个体,也不是普遍的、抽象意义的类我,而是>个我<与>类我<的统一。爱是对人生存困境的解决,从为人为己的向度展现为爱人与爱己的统一。自爱是对自我的肯定,是自我的创造性活动,是自由与安全的并存。 N2 - Fromm, as a famous Western neo-humanist ethicist of the 20th century, has always been keenly concerned with the existential situation of his contemporaries. This dilemma begins with the awakening of self-consciousness, but the loss of the self leads to an imperfect end. The real self is neither an isolated individual, nor a universal or abstract self, but the unity of the individual self and the self-like self. Love is the solution to the dilemma of human existence, which is the unification of loving others and loving oneself from the direction of selfishness. Self-love is the affirmation of the self, the creative activity of the self, the coexistence of freedom and security. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Min T1 - On Fromm’s Theory of Consumer Alienation [论弗洛姆的消费异化理论], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2013. N2 - 弗洛姆认为,现代资本主义社会已经由>生产时代<发展到>消费时代<,异化也由原来的>劳动异化<深化为>消费异化<。>消费异化<是现代资本主义特有的产物,它的产生有深刻的社会根源和人性的根源。处在消费异化中的人变成了一台贪婪的消费机器。他们是商品,没有思想和情感,没有尊严和人格,也没有民主和自由。他们生活在资本主义社会编织的一个又一个谎言中,屈于匿名的权威而不自知,还以为自己是独立、有个性、有自由的幸福的人。此外,消费异化还给现代人带来了严重的毁灭性的生存危机。弗洛姆为人的这种消费异化境遇感到非常担忧。为了人类的生存和人类的真正幸福,他对消费异化的种种表现进行深刻揭示,并力图寻找一条扬弃消费异化阳光大道,建立一个健全社会。他认为,要实现这个目标就必须从经济、政治、文化及人的心理层面几个方面进行全面地改革。为此,他从这几个方面提出了一套扬弃异化的方案。弗洛姆对资本主义社会的异化现象的分析是很深刻和细致的,象一把利刃直入资本主义社会的心脏。他的理论不仅为社会心理和社会性格的分析给理论研究提供一个独特的视角,也为我们如何建立一个和谐的社会提供有益的启示,贡献是显著的。 N2 - Fromm believes that the modern capitalist society has developed from the >production era< to the >consumption era<, and the alienation has also been deepened from the original >labor alienation< to >consumption alienation.< >Consumption alienation< is a unique product of modern capitalism. It has profound social roots and roots of human nature. The person in the alienation of consumption has become a greedy consumer machine. They are commodities, have no thoughts and feelings, no dignity and personality, and no democracy or freedom. They live in one lie that is woven by the capitalist society, and they succumb to the authority of anonymity without knowing it. They also think that they are independent, individualized, free and happy people. In addition, consumption alienation has brought a serious and devastating crisis of survival to modern people. Fromm is very worried about this kind of consumption alienation situation. For the survival of mankind and the true happiness of mankind, he profoundly revealed the various manifestations of consumption alienation, and tried to find a way to abandon the alienation of consumption and establish a sound society. He believes that to achieve this goal, it must be comprehensively reformed from the economic, political, cultural and human psychological aspects. To this end, he proposed a set of plans to abandon alienation from these aspects. Fromm's analysis of the alienation of capitalist society is profound and meticulous, like a sharp edge into the heart of capitalist society. His theory not only provides a unique perspective for theoretical research for the analysis of social psychology and social character, but also provides useful inspiration for how to build a harmonious society. The contribution is remarkable. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhong, Jieping T1 - A Study of Alienation and Self-identification in >If We Dream Too Long< [《假如我们梦太久》中的异化与自我认同解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 作为新加坡英语文学的先驱者之一,吴宝星非常关注新加坡后殖民社会中人的生存状态。他的第一部小说《假如我们梦太久》关注人类的异化和孤独,被认为是新加坡英语文学的第一部小说。该书描写了独立不久各式各样的新加坡人充满怀疑和不确定的生活。随着中国与东盟国家对话和交往的发展,国内已有学者关注新加坡文学,但是对新加坡英语文学的研究比较少,目前国内还没有学者对此书进行研究。笔者通过阅读发现《假如我们梦太久》中表现出来的异化主题。本文运用马克思、弗洛姆和存在主义者的异化理论,通过对小说中主人公光萌的异化分析,揭示了1965年新加坡独立后普通新加坡人的生存状态和社会现实,并为后来的研究者提供一个研究方向。异化是文学史上最早涉及的主题之一。二十世纪早期,现代主义运动极大的改变了西方文化对文学的理解,很多作家从不同角度探索人的异化现象,展现人内心的精神危机。本文从三方面解读《假如我们梦太久》这部小说中所表现的异化主题。首先,剖析主人公光萌异化的表现,这种人物的异化包含了自我异化、人际关系异化以及人与外部世界的异化。其次,分析主人公光萌异化的原因。个人内部因素与外部现实的综合作用导致了人的异化。最后,对人物在自我认同和消除异化所采取的办法提出建议。弗洛姆认为工作与爱是克服异化最有效的途径。通过采取行动与外部世界和解,负担起自己对家庭的责任,光萌开始努力追寻自我认同,找到生活的意义。通过进一步分析,本文发现吴宝星的作品中反映了20世纪60年代末新加坡的社会现实问题,如人际关系淡漠,人内心的孤独和精神危机等,这些问题令人深思。人的内心世界和人性在其作品中得到了充分的体现。吴侧重于描写新加坡普通人的生活,通过其独特的视角,表现对社会中那些边缘人和局外人的关注和同情。吴希望自己的作品能反映新加坡的独特现实,引起大家对现实和未来的思考和关注,共同创造一个更好的新加坡。 N2 - As one of the pioneers in Singapore literature in English, Goh Poh Seng cares considerably about people’s living state in post-colonial Singaporean society. His first novel >If We Dream Too Long< concerning individual’s alienation and isolation is regarded as the first Singaporean novel in English. It depicts various Singaporean lives which are full of doubt and uncertainty not long after its independence. With the development of conversation and exchange between China and ASEAN countries, there have already been scholars in China paying attention to Singapore literature, but due to the scarcity of the studies on Singapore literature in English, so far, there are still no critics who analyze the novel in China. - In reading the novel, the writer of this thesis recognizes the theme of alienation. Through the application of Marx, Fromm and Existentialists’ theories on alienation to the analysis of the alienation in the character Kwang Meng, the thesis exposes the living condition of ordinary Singaporeans and the social realities in Singapore after its independence in 1965, hence offering a new direction for the future researchers. Alienation is one of the most recurrently encountered themes in the literature history. In the early 20th century, the modernist movement greatly changed the way that literature was perceived in western culture. Many writers explore people’s alienation from different aspects and present various pictures of spiritual crisis in human psychology. - Through the help of the theory of alienation, the thesis interprets the theme of alienation in If We Dream Too Long from three aspects.– First of all, it examines the manifestations of the character Kwang Meng’s alienation, which include alienation from the self, from interpersonal relationship and from the outside world.– Moreover, it analyzes the causes of Kwang Meng’s alienation. The com-bination of the individual internal elements with the external realities contributes to the estrangement of the character.– Finally, it suggests the approaches for the character to deal with the alienation. Fromm believes that work and love are the most effective ways to overcome alienation. Through reconciling to the outside world and taking the responsibilities for his family, Kwang Meng begins his journey of self-identification and finally finds the meanings of life.– After further analysis, the present thesis purports that Goh’s work reflects the social realities of Singapore in the late1960s, such as interpersonal indifference, loneliness and spiritual crisis. All these are worth serious thinking. The inner world and the nature of human beings having been given full display in his work, Goh tends to write about the ordinary. Through his unique perspective, he shows his deep concern and sympathy to the marginal men and the outsiders in the society. By reflecting the specific reality of Singapore in his work, Goh aims to stimulate his fellow people to devote more thinking and concern to the contemporary and the future, hence creating a better Singapore state. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Rui T1 - Analysis of Freedom and Loneliness Theme in >All the King's Men< [《国王的人马》中自由与孤独主题分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 罗伯特•佩恩•沃伦是美国二十世纪著名的多产作家,他善于通过小说中的人物来展现现代人的精神困境和生存状态。《国王的人马》(1946)正是这样一部作品,它对杰克和威利两名主人公对待自由的态度的描写反映了现代人在追求自由的过程中遇到的困境。在弗洛姆>逃避自由<的理论中,自由分为>积极自由<与>消极自由<两种,小说中的主人公杰克和威利都曾因在消极自由的状态中无法继续生存而选择逃避自由,从而得到暂时的依赖和安全感。杰克的逃避方式是臣服于权威,威利则是成为主宰他人的权威,虽然方式不同,但他们都在逃避自由的过程中缓解了孤独,却丧失了真实的自我。杰克通过努力最终获得了积极自由,而威利则在逃避中走向了最终的毁灭。沃伦在《国王的人马》中试图告知我们这样一个道理:只有像杰克一样敢于面对真实的自我,才能得到真正的自由。 N2 - Robert Penn Warren is a well-known prolific American writer in the20th century. He is good at presenting the existential state and spiritual crisis of modern people. >All the King’s Men< (1946) is such a novel in which the two heroes’ attitudes towards freedom reflect the predicament of modern people in their pursuit of freedom. In Fromm’s theory, freedom is divided into two kinds, >positive freedom< and >negative freedom<. In the novel, both Jack and Willie, the two heroes, have been stuck in the state of negative freedom which renders their lives unbearable. In order to get a sense of belonging and security, they choose to escape from their freedom. Jack makes his escape by submitting to the authority while Willie does so by dominating others. Although their ways of escape are different, their loneliness is both alleviated and their true self is lost. In the end, Jack eventually obtains positive freedom through his efforts while Willie is doomed to his final destruction. Warren intends to convey such a truth to the readers: only by facing your true self can you obtain true freedom. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Liangliang T1 - Explore the >Escape from Freedom< and >Spiral of Silence< Theory of Relationship [>逃避自由<与>沉默的螺旋<理论关系探讨] JF - Journal of Liaoning Administration College [辽宁行政学院学报], No. 1 (2013), pp. 56-58. N2 - 以二战中法西斯主义在德国的绝对统治为背景,弗洛姆于1941年发表《逃避自由》一书,从人的生存状况角度出发提出了>逃避自由<这一概念,深刻地批判了资本主义社会中异化现象等问题;1974年,德国传播学家诺埃勒-诺依曼以1965年德国大选时出现的奇怪现象为根据,提出了著名的>沉默的螺旋<理论,至今仍有极为重要的意义。此二者看似风马牛不相及,但实际上存在深刻的内在联系。 N2 - To the absolute rule of fascism in World War II in Germany as the background, Fromm published >Escape from Freedom< a book in 1941, from the perspective of the living conditions of people put forward the concept of >Escape from Freedom< profoundly critique of alienation in capitalist society and other issues. 1974, German scientist spread Noelle-Neumann to occur when the German general election in 1965 under the strange phenomenon, made famous >spiral of silence< theory, there are still of great importance. This two seemingly unrelated, but in fact the presence of a deep inner connection. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Jing T1 - Theoretical Analysis of Fromm's Interpretation of Dreams [超越妄想之门——弗洛姆释梦理论分析] JF - Journal of Beijing Institute of Education [北京教育学院学报], No. 4 (2013), pp. 32-36. N2 - 弗洛姆认为梦的语言是象征性语言。象征性语言可以分为三种:习惯性象征语言,偶然性象征语言和普遍性象征语言。梦是睡眠中人和文化失去联系,潜意识状态中的心理体验的象征表现。因此,梦不只是无理性欲望的满足,也是洞察力和智慧的显现。弗洛姆从社会文化的角度思考梦的本质和意义,是对弗洛伊德释梦理论的修订和超越。 N2 - Erich Fromm thought that the language of dreams is f symbolic language. It was divided into three types: habitual symbol, accidental symbol and universal symbol. The dream is symbolic representation of unconscious mental experience when people lose contact with the culture in sleep. Therefore, the dream is not just an irrational desires, but also insight and wisdom revealed. Fromm thought about the essence and significance of dream from the perspective of social culture, revised and surpassed the Freud's dream theory. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Jia T1 - Psychoanalytic Research on Unconscious – Analysis of Concepts [精神分析关于无意识概念的研究浅析] JF - Science & Technology Information [科技信息], No. 22 (2013), pp. 164-165. N2 - 无意识是精神分析学派的核心概念,是心理结构中非常独特的一个方面,无意识的概念一直在演变,迄今为止对无意识仍然没有一个统一的定论。本文就精神分析领域中对无意识的研究进行一个简要的阐述,意在明晰精神分析中无意识的概念内涵及其影响。 N2 - Unconscious is the core concept of psychoanalysis is the psychological structure of a very unique, the concept of the unconscious has been evolving, still unconscious so far there is no single conclusion. In this paper, the research in the field of psychoanalysis unconscious conducted a brief exposition, intended to clarify the psychoanalytic concept of unconscious meaning and impact. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yue A1 - Jiang, Zhaojie T1 - Review of Fromm's Theory of Alienation [弗洛姆异化理论研究综述] JF - Contemporary Social Science Perspective [当代社科视野], No. 9 (2013), pp. 42-43, 41. N2 - 在西方资本主义社会高速发展的时期,异化问题越来越普遍和深入人心。埃里希•弗洛姆是法兰克福学派的重要代表人物之一,他从心理学的视角来研究异化问题,对丰富异化理论研究范围做出了突出贡献。本文对国内研究弗洛姆异化思想的进程、国外对弗洛姆思想研究的主要方面进行综述。 N2 - Western capitalist society in a period of rapid development, more and more common and popular alienation. Erich Fromm is one of the important representatives of the Frankfurt School, he studied psychology from the perspective of alienation, alienation of the rich range of theoretical studies have made outstanding contributions. This paper studies the domestic alienation Fromm thought process, foreign ideas on the main aspects of the study were reviewed Fromm. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yingjun T1 - Spiritual Alienation in >Winesburg, Ohio< [《小镇畸人》中的精神异化], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 舍伍德•安德森的《小镇畸人》以充满感情的笔触描述了十九世纪后期美国中西部小镇的生活风貌。小镇上的居民饱受清教道德规范和资本主义价值观的双重压迫,他们疏于交际,思想和行为十分古怪,他们与自身和小镇上其他居民的关系发生了异化。安德森通过描写这些怪人的外貌和拙于交际来表现他们精神上的异化,在那个日益冷漠的社会里,个人的内心充满矛盾。在《小镇畸人》中,困扰个人的一个核心问题就是他们的本能冲动与他们的价值观念之间的冲突。他们内心希望采取行动克服异化,但他们的能力和欲望都受到了压制。本文采用存在主义哲学家萨特、弗洛姆和塞曼的观点解析《小镇畸人》中的异化现象。萨特强调人的主观意识在人的异化过程中的作用。他认为,人的痛苦源自他意识到自己在受折磨。他还指出,人害怕面对>他者<。人在面对>他者<时会感到自己是异类,无法找到归属感和安全感。萨特还指出人会被迫接受错误的价值观念,导致自身异化,他把这种行为定义为>不诚<(bad faith)。本文试图应用萨特的异化理论分析《小镇畸人》中人物异化的根源。埃里希•弗罗姆在分析人的异化原因时,强调缺乏归属感是导致人异化的重要因素。他认为人需要归属感,渴望被他人接受,被他人需要,为了找到这种归属感,人不得不背弃本我,遵从被社会普遍接受的价值观念和道德规范,而这种屈从最终导致了人的异化。梅尔文•塞曼借鉴了马克思和埃米尔•迪尔凯姆的异化理论,提出异化的>五维度<:权力缺乏、意义丧失、规范缺失、社会隔离、自我疏远。异化的这五个方面在《小镇畸人》中均有所体现,本文也要借鉴塞曼的观点来分析《小镇畸人》中人物的异化。本文结合存在主义哲学家的异化理论和安德森对当时文化的理解,探究导致小镇居民异化的根源。造成小镇居民异化的罪魁祸首是工业化和清教主义。受资本主义金钱至上价值观的影响,小镇居民盲目追求物质财富,人与人之间的关系变得冷漠,爱的丧失是导致他们异化的根本原因。在高度发达的机器工业面前,小镇居民感觉自己微不足道,无力掌握自己的命运,对自身价值的否认和无能感也导致了他们的异化。在多重价值观的冲击下,小镇居民信仰的动摇以及面对他者时的困惑与恐惧也是导致他们异化的主要因素。他们拙于辞令,生性懦弱,不敢把自己的想法告诉他人,这也阻碍了他们之间的相互理解。他们无法在自己的本能欲望与信仰之间找到平衡,在新时代中找不到生命的意义,从而产生失落感,这些都是导致他们异化的重要因素 N2 - Sherwood Anderson’s >Winesburg, Ohio< is a vivid and realistic account of a late nineteenth century Midwestern small town, where the tyranny of Puritan morality is amalgamated with the brutality of industrial capitalism. Anderson’s characters are depicted as socially awkward and alienated from themselves and their fellow townspeople. The grotesques, or emotionally-crippled souls, are depicted by means of their appearance and their inability to communicate. The plight of the individual in an increasingly indifferent world is Anderson’s thematic concern. In Winesburg, Ohio, the central issue confronting the individual is the conflict between his/her instinctive desires and his/her values. The characters strive to struggle against their alienation, yet they suffer from the repression of their instincts and their potential for resolving the conflicts. - This thesis intends to make an analysis of alienation in Winesburg, Ohio mainly from the point of view of such existentialists as Jean-Paul Sartre, Erich Fromm, and Melvin Seeman. Sartre highlights the function of consciousness in man’s alienation. According to Sartre, man suffers from anguish because he is conscious of his suffering. He also points out that man is afraid of facing the Other, In face of the Other, man may feel himself an alien and cannot find the sense of belonging and security. Sartre also points out that man alienates himself through bad faith. He has to adopt wrong values he disapproves of, which leads to his alienation. Sartre’s views on alienation are applied in this thesis to illustrate the causes of alienation in Winesburg, Ohio.– Erich Fromm stresses the importance of the individual’s lack of sense of community and his conformity to social mores in causing his alienation. He argues that man needs a sense of belonging, for he aspires to be accepted and needed by others. To seek this sense of belonging, man has to betray himself and conform to social norms. And this conformity eventually leads to man’s alienation. He clearly states that one’s behavior is conditioned by forces that are beyond an individual’s control. The subsequent feeling of incompetence and powerlessness results in man’s alienation. He also points out that man’s repression of their natural desires and lack of inhibition of desires lead to the destruction of the self.– Melvin Seeman, based on the insights of Marx and Emile Durkheim, constructs what is often considered a model of alienation, which consists of five aspects: powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, social isolation and self-estrangement. All these five aspects are embodied in Winesburg, Ohio. His views are also adopted in the analysis of the alienated townsmen in Winesburg, Ohio. - The thesis combines an analysis of existentialist alienation with Anderson’s own understanding of the factors contributing to the alienation of the townspeople. Industrialization and Puritanism which give rise to the alienation of the townspeople will be analyzed at length. Materialism propels the townsmen to seek material success, which causes people’s mutual indifference. The loss of love is the leading factor resulting in their alienation. Industrialism makes the townsmen feel insignificant and incompetent. The negation of their own worth and the sense of powerlessness result in their alienation. Affected by the multiple values in the new era, the townsmen begin to doubt their previous faith. Their wavering faith and confusion in face of >the Other< are also the main factors leading to their alienation. Their inarticulateness and cowardice in sharing their own ideas curb their mutual understanding. Man’s powerlessness to balance their natural desires with their beliefs is another factor resulting in their alienation. Their failure to find the meaning of life and their sense of loss in the new era also contributes to their alienation. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Qian A1 - Tang, Junhong T1 - Interpretation of Family Relationships in the Theory of Alienation >Dombey and Son< in the [以异化理论解读《董贝父子》中的家庭关系] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Short Story (Original Version) [短篇小说(原创版)], No. 3 (2013), pp. 64-65. N2 - 《董贝父子》发表于1848年,是19世纪英国著名作家查尔斯•狄更斯(Charles Dickens) 笔下的一部重要作品。这部小说主要讲述了董贝父子公司兴旺和衰落的历史。在小说中,主人公董贝是一个极为贪婪、傲慢而冷酷的大资本家。他深信金钱的权威,把妻子儿女看做是自己追逐利益的工具。他歧视女儿,一心指望儿子 N2 - >Dombey and Son<, published in 1848, is a famous 19th century British writer Charles Dickens (Charles Dickens) a pen of important works. The novel focuses on the prosperity and decline of Dombey and Son Company's history. In the novel, the hero of Dombey is a very greedy, arrogant and ruthless capitalist. He was convinced that the authority of the money, his wife and children as their own pursuit of interests. He discriminatory daughter, son bent expect […] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Nan T1 - The Study of Human Self-alienation from Fromm's >Healthy Society< [从弗洛姆的《健全的社会》研究人的自我异化] JF - Theory Research [学理论], No. 26 (2013), pp. 49-50. N2 - 弗洛姆是弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义代表人物之一,致力于弗洛伊德的精神分析思想与马克思主义相结合。弗洛姆《健全的社会》揭示了资本主义社会中人的自我异化现象,从中可以研究他的>人本主义精神分析学<的基本思想。所以《健全的社会》是研究弗洛姆人的异化思想的重要文本,对人本主义的马克思主义研究有着重要的理论意义。 N2 - Fromm is one of the Freudian Marxists representatives dedicated to Freud's psychoanalytic thought and Marxism combined. Fromm >healthy society< reveals the self-alienation of the human capitalist society, which you can study his >humanism psychoanalysis<, the basic idea. Therefore, the >healthy society< is the study of human alienation Fromm thought important texts, Marxist humanism of research has important theoretical significance. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Na T1 - Fascinatiing Shackles – >Escape from Freedom< Students under Mikro-psychological Mechanism and Survival Dilemma [迷恋镣铐——弗洛姆《逃避自由》透视下的大学生的心理机制和生存困境] JF - Kaneda [金田], No. 10 (2013), pp. 412-413. N2 - 自由是现代启蒙精神的核心,但是随着现代化进程的推进,人们陷入了追求自由反而逃避自由的悖论中。弗洛姆通过对现代西方人生存境遇的考察,深刻地分析了资本主义社会的危机并揭露了资本主义条件下人们的精神疾病,为现代人的自由而全面发展提出了积极的途径和设想。他的这种对现代人生存困境的研究对解析当前社会背景下的大学生的心理机制和生存困境,具有重要的理论价 值。 N2 - Freedom is the core of the modern spirit of the Enlightenment, but with the advance of the process of modernization, people caught up in the pursuit of freedom but freedom to escape the paradox. Fromm by modern Westerners living circumstances of investigation, profound analysis of the crisis of capitalist society and revealed under capitalism people's mental illness, as the free and full development of modern man made a positive approach and ideas. He's such a survival of the modern research on the plight of the current social context analysis on psychological mechanisms and survival predicament, has important theoretical value. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Meixiang T1 - A Study of Loneliness in Carson McCuller’s Representative Works [卡森•麦卡勒斯代表作品孤独主题研究], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 卡森麦卡勒斯(1917-1967)作为20世纪美国南方作家中的重要一员,以其作品独特的艺术风格和深刻的思想内涵而在美国文坛上占据重要一席。在她的五部小说作品中,最能代表其创作特色、也最为人所称道的是其中三部:《心是孤独的猎手》、《婚礼的成员》和《伤心咖啡馆之歌》。孤独是世界文学史长河中永恒的话题,亦是麦卡勒斯所擅长表现的领域。由于其特殊的成长经历,麦卡勒斯对隔离、孤独的理解和体验比任何人都深刻,在表达孤独这一主题时,再也没有人能像她那样>集中而有力,富于戏剧冲突和悲剧音调<①。麦卡勒斯的作品以工业化社会为背景,深刻描写了人类对未知命运和自我丧失的内心恐惧,突出表现了机械化社会之下人类陷入更加孤独的精神状态。在麦卡勒斯的作品中,我们不仅看到孤独所蕴含的人类本质意义上的精神隔绝,同时更能体会到其孤独书写中所传达出的强烈的批判现实意义。本文将围绕麦卡勒斯的三部代表作品,即,长篇小说《心是孤独的猎手》、《婚礼的成员》及中篇小说《伤心咖啡馆之歌》,采用文本分析的方法,首先分析作者孤独主题所呈现的具体方面,无论是环境、人物还是事件,都深深地刻上了孤独的烙印;其次从社会历史、文学传统及作者成长经历的角度追寻孤独主题确立之成因;最后再借助作家的创作理论及美国社会心理学家弗洛姆相关理论,进一步探究作品所体现出的批判现实意义。作者的孤独意识并非简单的、封闭的,她的创作是为了指向现实,为了帮助人们摆脱生存与苦难的困境,摆脱沉重的孤独意识,走向更美好的明天。 N2 - As one of the most important southern writers in the 20th century American literature, Carson McCullers enjoys an important place for her unique artistic style and profound connotation. Among her five novels, which feature her most are: >The Heart is a Lonely Hunter<, >The Member of the Wedding<, and >The Ballad of the Sad Café<. Loneliness is the eternal topic of world literature as well as the field McCullers does best. Given her special experience, McCullers’ understanding and experience for isolation and loneliness is much more profound than anyone else. When it comes to the theme >loneliness<, no one can write such >powerful, dramatic and tragic< works as she does. McCullers contextualizes her works in an industrialized society poignantly describes the inner fears of human for the unknown fate and self-lost; highlights the entanglement of a even more lonely state of mind kind under the mechanized society. In McCullers’ works, we can not only find the spiritual isolation of human nature the loneliness contains, but also realize the strong spirit of critical realism the loneliness writing conveys. - This paper focuses on McCullers’ three representative works, namely, the novel The Heart is a Lonely Hunter, The Member of the Wedding, and the novella The Ballad of the Sad Cafe adopts the method of close reading, firstly, analyzes the specific aspects of the author’s loneliness theme, whether it is the environment, people or events, are deeply engraved with the lonely imprint; Secondly, searches for the causes the establishment of loneliness theme from the perspective of social history, literary tradition and of the author’s personal experience; finally, with the help of the writer’s creation theory and the theory of American social-psychologist Erich Fromm, further explores the strong significance of critical realism the works reflect. Rather than a simple or closed consciousness of loneliness, the author aims the reality, she means to help people getting rid of the plight and suffering, relieves them from the heavy sense of loneliness for a promising future. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Lixing T1 - A Deeper Analysis of Present Students’ Psychological Disorder [当前我国大学生心理困惑的深层剖析] JF - Journal of Neijiang Teachers College [内江师范学院学报], No. 3 (2003), pp. 71-75. N2 - 当前我国大学生心理问题突出,普遍存在自我意象模糊、情感障碍和行为障碍等心理困惑。本章从心理学视角就人的本质、需要、文化冲突、教育冲突和个体社会化几方面,对大学生心理困惑进行深层剖析。认为,当代大学生在人的本质、需要方面是弗洛姆、阿德勒的追随者,在文化冲突中,他们选择多元文化和先进制度;在传统与>柔性<教育中他们实践后者;他们的人生哲学大致经历:被动中的自我——以我为中心的自我——社会化中的自我。 N2 - At present, the psychological problems of college students in China are outstanding, and there are psychological confusions such as self-image blur, affective disorder and behavior disorder. This chapter makes a deep analysis of the psychological confusion of college students from the perspective of psychology on human nature, needs, cultural conflicts, educational conflicts and individual socialization. It is believed that contemporary college students are followers of Fromm and Adler in terms of human nature and needs. In cultural conflicts, they choose multiculturalism and advanced institutions; in the traditional and >flexible< education they practice the latter; they The philosophy of life is roughly experienced: the self in the passive - the self centered on me - the self in socialization. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Li T1 - Shaanxi Farmer’s Entrepreneurial Behavior from the Perspective of Social Character Theory [社会性格理论视阈下陕西农民创业行为刍议] JF - Journal of Leshan Normal University [乐山师范学院学报], No. 7 (2013), pp. 102-107, 115. N2 - 农民创业对于推动陕西经济发展,解决农民就业难问题等起着关键作用。基于西方马克思主义著名学者弗罗姆的社会性格理论>观照<,在陕西农民的社会性格中,还存在许多落后于时代的价值取向、行为习性、性格特质和精神态度。审视这些>隐性文化<,发现其中有一些已经成为制约陕西农民创业,西部大开发,全面小康社会目标实现和共圆>中国梦<的瓶颈因素。鉴此,扬弃陕西农民社会性格>实然<状态的消极因素,使之向>应然<的理想境界迈进,就是必须面对的课题。 N2 - Farmer entrepreneurship is a pivotal role in boosting the economic development in Shaanxi and resolving the employment problems of farmers. According to the social character theory proposed by the famous Marxism scholar Fromm, the value orientation, personality characteristics, and behavior and attitude of most Shaanxi farmers are still in a backward state. Checking the >hidden culture<, it can be seen that some of these characters have become the bottlenecks which not only restrict the entrepreneurship of farmers and the development of the western region, but also hinder the achievement of a well-off society and the Chinese Dream. Therefore, the negative factors of Shaanxi farmers that >existed originally< should be given up, and a change should be made to the ideal state of >ought to be<, that is the issue we are supposed to confront with. Y1 - 2013 ER -