TY - JOUR A1 - Šķesteris, Jānis T1 - Brīvības variācijas (Erichs Fromms, Merabs Mamardašvili). Paper presented at Fromma konference „Brīvība un brīvības: iespējas un draudi” Norises laiks 10. un 11. maijs 2013, 5 pp. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Štádlerová, Pavlína T1 - Srovnání názoru na lidskou existenci: existencialisté, Fromm a Frankl [Comparison of Opinions on Human Being: Existentialists, Fromm and Frankl], Bachelor thesis, Philosophy, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Poland 2013, 32 pp. N2 - Bakalářská práce se zabývá filozofií tří významných filozofů Ericha Fromma, Viktora Emanuela Frankla a Alberta Camuse. Práce je rozdělena do čtyř kapitol, ve kterých se vždy zabývám jedním problémem z pohledu všech zmíněných autorů. V závěru kapitoly je určité shrnutí těchto myšlenek a nalezení podobných znaků jejich filozofie. První kapitola je věnována problému autentického způsobu lidské existence. Ve druhé kapitole se zabývám tématem svobody, a to především, zda je či není absolutní svoboda možná. Následující kapitola řeší otázku lidské společnosti a jejího vlivu na člověka. Poslední kapitola představuje problém smrti a sebevraždy. V závěru práce jsem se pokusila o shrnutí společných bodů filozofie již zmíněných filozofů. N2 - The bachelor´s thesis describes the philosophy of three important philosophers Erich Fromm, Victor Emanuel Frankl and Albert Camus. The work is divided into four chapters, in each of them I always deal with one specific problem from the point of view of all these philosophers. At the end of each chapter there is some conclusion and a summary of these thoughts as well as findings of similar characters of their philosophy. The first chapter is devoted to the problem of authentic way of the human existence. The second chapter deals with the topic of freedom, primarily, whether the absolute freedom possible is or is not. The following chapter talks about the issue of human society and its impact on a human. The last chapter describes the problem of death and suicide. In conclusion, I tried to summarize the similar points of philosophy of these authors. [Author's English version] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šauers, Edijs T1 - Brīvība kā nosacījums mīlestībai vai mīlestība kā nosacījums brīvībai (Imanuel Kants, Erich Fromms). Paper presented at Fromma konference „Brīvība un brīvības: iespējas un draudi” Norises laiks 10. un 11. maijs 2013, 4 pp. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zábranská, Marie T1 - Frommovo pojetí člověka a psychoanalýza [Fromm´s Conception of Human and Psychoanalysis, Bachelor thesis, Philosophy, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Poland 2013, 57 pp. N2 - The topic of the present bachelor thesis is Erich Fromm and his specific concept of a human being and psychoanalysis. In his works, this famous psychologist was able to explain the position of a human being in the society, their needs and problems linked to their own existence. The introductory chapter summarizes fundamental facts about Fromm’s life and mentions several important personalities who influenced his thinking. The following chapters focus on the main issues of Fromm’s concept of a human being, especially their place in the environment, their relationship with the surrounding world, life philosophy and the issue of personal freedom. It deals in detail with the issues of love, aggression, freedom and the >To Be and to Have< life philosophy. Another issue this thesis deals with is Fromm’s approach to psychoanalysis and religion. The concluding chapter contains the fact about the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud and a comparison of the individual concepts of a human being as formulated by Freud and Fromm respectively. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmer, Manfred T1 - Anlagen zum Artikel >Erich Fromm in China. Überblick über die Rezeption seines Denkens< JF - http://www.erich-fromm-online.de/images/stories/pdf/Zimmer_M_2014a.pdf Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Yu T1 - Self-love: The Highest Value of Humanistic Ethics [自爱:人道主义伦理学的最高价值] JF - Jiangxi Social Sciences [江西社会科学], No. 6 (2013), pp. 42-46. N2 - 弗洛姆作为20世纪西方著名的新人道主义伦理学家,一直热切关注着同时代人的生存处境。这种困境肇始于自我意识的觉醒,却因自我的丧失而导致一个不完美的结局。真正的自我既不是孤立的个体,也不是普遍的、抽象意义的类我,而是>个我<与>类我<的统一。爱是对人生存困境的解决,从为人为己的向度展现为爱人与爱己的统一。自爱是对自我的肯定,是自我的创造性活动,是自由与安全的并存。 N2 - Fromm, as a famous Western neo-humanist ethicist of the 20th century, has always been keenly concerned with the existential situation of his contemporaries. This dilemma begins with the awakening of self-consciousness, but the loss of the self leads to an imperfect end. The real self is neither an isolated individual, nor a universal or abstract self, but the unity of the individual self and the self-like self. Love is the solution to the dilemma of human existence, which is the unification of loving others and loving oneself from the direction of selfishness. Self-love is the affirmation of the self, the creative activity of the self, the coexistence of freedom and security. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Min T1 - On Fromm’s Theory of Consumer Alienation [论弗洛姆的消费异化理论], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2013. N2 - 弗洛姆认为,现代资本主义社会已经由>生产时代<发展到>消费时代<,异化也由原来的>劳动异化<深化为>消费异化<。>消费异化<是现代资本主义特有的产物,它的产生有深刻的社会根源和人性的根源。处在消费异化中的人变成了一台贪婪的消费机器。他们是商品,没有思想和情感,没有尊严和人格,也没有民主和自由。他们生活在资本主义社会编织的一个又一个谎言中,屈于匿名的权威而不自知,还以为自己是独立、有个性、有自由的幸福的人。此外,消费异化还给现代人带来了严重的毁灭性的生存危机。弗洛姆为人的这种消费异化境遇感到非常担忧。为了人类的生存和人类的真正幸福,他对消费异化的种种表现进行深刻揭示,并力图寻找一条扬弃消费异化阳光大道,建立一个健全社会。他认为,要实现这个目标就必须从经济、政治、文化及人的心理层面几个方面进行全面地改革。为此,他从这几个方面提出了一套扬弃异化的方案。弗洛姆对资本主义社会的异化现象的分析是很深刻和细致的,象一把利刃直入资本主义社会的心脏。他的理论不仅为社会心理和社会性格的分析给理论研究提供一个独特的视角,也为我们如何建立一个和谐的社会提供有益的启示,贡献是显著的。 N2 - Fromm believes that the modern capitalist society has developed from the >production era< to the >consumption era<, and the alienation has also been deepened from the original >labor alienation< to >consumption alienation.< >Consumption alienation< is a unique product of modern capitalism. It has profound social roots and roots of human nature. The person in the alienation of consumption has become a greedy consumer machine. They are commodities, have no thoughts and feelings, no dignity and personality, and no democracy or freedom. They live in one lie that is woven by the capitalist society, and they succumb to the authority of anonymity without knowing it. They also think that they are independent, individualized, free and happy people. In addition, consumption alienation has brought a serious and devastating crisis of survival to modern people. Fromm is very worried about this kind of consumption alienation situation. For the survival of mankind and the true happiness of mankind, he profoundly revealed the various manifestations of consumption alienation, and tried to find a way to abandon the alienation of consumption and establish a sound society. He believes that to achieve this goal, it must be comprehensively reformed from the economic, political, cultural and human psychological aspects. To this end, he proposed a set of plans to abandon alienation from these aspects. Fromm's analysis of the alienation of capitalist society is profound and meticulous, like a sharp edge into the heart of capitalist society. His theory not only provides a unique perspective for theoretical research for the analysis of social psychology and social character, but also provides useful inspiration for how to build a harmonious society. The contribution is remarkable. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhong, Jieping T1 - A Study of Alienation and Self-identification in >If We Dream Too Long< [《假如我们梦太久》中的异化与自我认同解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 作为新加坡英语文学的先驱者之一,吴宝星非常关注新加坡后殖民社会中人的生存状态。他的第一部小说《假如我们梦太久》关注人类的异化和孤独,被认为是新加坡英语文学的第一部小说。该书描写了独立不久各式各样的新加坡人充满怀疑和不确定的生活。随着中国与东盟国家对话和交往的发展,国内已有学者关注新加坡文学,但是对新加坡英语文学的研究比较少,目前国内还没有学者对此书进行研究。笔者通过阅读发现《假如我们梦太久》中表现出来的异化主题。本文运用马克思、弗洛姆和存在主义者的异化理论,通过对小说中主人公光萌的异化分析,揭示了1965年新加坡独立后普通新加坡人的生存状态和社会现实,并为后来的研究者提供一个研究方向。异化是文学史上最早涉及的主题之一。二十世纪早期,现代主义运动极大的改变了西方文化对文学的理解,很多作家从不同角度探索人的异化现象,展现人内心的精神危机。本文从三方面解读《假如我们梦太久》这部小说中所表现的异化主题。首先,剖析主人公光萌异化的表现,这种人物的异化包含了自我异化、人际关系异化以及人与外部世界的异化。其次,分析主人公光萌异化的原因。个人内部因素与外部现实的综合作用导致了人的异化。最后,对人物在自我认同和消除异化所采取的办法提出建议。弗洛姆认为工作与爱是克服异化最有效的途径。通过采取行动与外部世界和解,负担起自己对家庭的责任,光萌开始努力追寻自我认同,找到生活的意义。通过进一步分析,本文发现吴宝星的作品中反映了20世纪60年代末新加坡的社会现实问题,如人际关系淡漠,人内心的孤独和精神危机等,这些问题令人深思。人的内心世界和人性在其作品中得到了充分的体现。吴侧重于描写新加坡普通人的生活,通过其独特的视角,表现对社会中那些边缘人和局外人的关注和同情。吴希望自己的作品能反映新加坡的独特现实,引起大家对现实和未来的思考和关注,共同创造一个更好的新加坡。 N2 - As one of the pioneers in Singapore literature in English, Goh Poh Seng cares considerably about people’s living state in post-colonial Singaporean society. His first novel >If We Dream Too Long< concerning individual’s alienation and isolation is regarded as the first Singaporean novel in English. It depicts various Singaporean lives which are full of doubt and uncertainty not long after its independence. With the development of conversation and exchange between China and ASEAN countries, there have already been scholars in China paying attention to Singapore literature, but due to the scarcity of the studies on Singapore literature in English, so far, there are still no critics who analyze the novel in China. - In reading the novel, the writer of this thesis recognizes the theme of alienation. Through the application of Marx, Fromm and Existentialists’ theories on alienation to the analysis of the alienation in the character Kwang Meng, the thesis exposes the living condition of ordinary Singaporeans and the social realities in Singapore after its independence in 1965, hence offering a new direction for the future researchers. Alienation is one of the most recurrently encountered themes in the literature history. In the early 20th century, the modernist movement greatly changed the way that literature was perceived in western culture. Many writers explore people’s alienation from different aspects and present various pictures of spiritual crisis in human psychology. - Through the help of the theory of alienation, the thesis interprets the theme of alienation in If We Dream Too Long from three aspects.– First of all, it examines the manifestations of the character Kwang Meng’s alienation, which include alienation from the self, from interpersonal relationship and from the outside world.– Moreover, it analyzes the causes of Kwang Meng’s alienation. The com-bination of the individual internal elements with the external realities contributes to the estrangement of the character.– Finally, it suggests the approaches for the character to deal with the alienation. Fromm believes that work and love are the most effective ways to overcome alienation. Through reconciling to the outside world and taking the responsibilities for his family, Kwang Meng begins his journey of self-identification and finally finds the meanings of life.– After further analysis, the present thesis purports that Goh’s work reflects the social realities of Singapore in the late1960s, such as interpersonal indifference, loneliness and spiritual crisis. All these are worth serious thinking. The inner world and the nature of human beings having been given full display in his work, Goh tends to write about the ordinary. Through his unique perspective, he shows his deep concern and sympathy to the marginal men and the outsiders in the society. By reflecting the specific reality of Singapore in his work, Goh aims to stimulate his fellow people to devote more thinking and concern to the contemporary and the future, hence creating a better Singapore state. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Rui T1 - Analysis of Freedom and Loneliness Theme in >All the King's Men< [《国王的人马》中自由与孤独主题分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 罗伯特•佩恩•沃伦是美国二十世纪著名的多产作家,他善于通过小说中的人物来展现现代人的精神困境和生存状态。《国王的人马》(1946)正是这样一部作品,它对杰克和威利两名主人公对待自由的态度的描写反映了现代人在追求自由的过程中遇到的困境。在弗洛姆>逃避自由<的理论中,自由分为>积极自由<与>消极自由<两种,小说中的主人公杰克和威利都曾因在消极自由的状态中无法继续生存而选择逃避自由,从而得到暂时的依赖和安全感。杰克的逃避方式是臣服于权威,威利则是成为主宰他人的权威,虽然方式不同,但他们都在逃避自由的过程中缓解了孤独,却丧失了真实的自我。杰克通过努力最终获得了积极自由,而威利则在逃避中走向了最终的毁灭。沃伦在《国王的人马》中试图告知我们这样一个道理:只有像杰克一样敢于面对真实的自我,才能得到真正的自由。 N2 - Robert Penn Warren is a well-known prolific American writer in the20th century. He is good at presenting the existential state and spiritual crisis of modern people. >All the King’s Men< (1946) is such a novel in which the two heroes’ attitudes towards freedom reflect the predicament of modern people in their pursuit of freedom. In Fromm’s theory, freedom is divided into two kinds, >positive freedom< and >negative freedom<. In the novel, both Jack and Willie, the two heroes, have been stuck in the state of negative freedom which renders their lives unbearable. In order to get a sense of belonging and security, they choose to escape from their freedom. Jack makes his escape by submitting to the authority while Willie does so by dominating others. Although their ways of escape are different, their loneliness is both alleviated and their true self is lost. In the end, Jack eventually obtains positive freedom through his efforts while Willie is doomed to his final destruction. Warren intends to convey such a truth to the readers: only by facing your true self can you obtain true freedom. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Liangliang T1 - Explore the >Escape from Freedom< and >Spiral of Silence< Theory of Relationship [>逃避自由<与>沉默的螺旋<理论关系探讨] JF - Journal of Liaoning Administration College [辽宁行政学院学报], No. 1 (2013), pp. 56-58. N2 - 以二战中法西斯主义在德国的绝对统治为背景,弗洛姆于1941年发表《逃避自由》一书,从人的生存状况角度出发提出了>逃避自由<这一概念,深刻地批判了资本主义社会中异化现象等问题;1974年,德国传播学家诺埃勒-诺依曼以1965年德国大选时出现的奇怪现象为根据,提出了著名的>沉默的螺旋<理论,至今仍有极为重要的意义。此二者看似风马牛不相及,但实际上存在深刻的内在联系。 N2 - To the absolute rule of fascism in World War II in Germany as the background, Fromm published >Escape from Freedom< a book in 1941, from the perspective of the living conditions of people put forward the concept of >Escape from Freedom< profoundly critique of alienation in capitalist society and other issues. 1974, German scientist spread Noelle-Neumann to occur when the German general election in 1965 under the strange phenomenon, made famous >spiral of silence< theory, there are still of great importance. This two seemingly unrelated, but in fact the presence of a deep inner connection. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER -