TY - GEN A1 - Li, Jinjuan T1 - Awareness Illusion and Social Unconsciousness Truth – Fromm’s Theory of Ideology [意识幻象与社会无意识的真相 – 弗洛姆意识形态理论研究], PhD thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China 2013. N2 - >意识形态<这一语词自其产生以来就纷争不断。当前在全球化背景下,资本主义世界从经济、政治与文化等方面对世界既有秩序予以重新规定,资本主义与意识形态的关系更加隐匿。一方面,在资本逻辑的运作与支配下,随着资本的不断纵向发展,意识形态必然会以更加巧妙、隐蔽的方式来控制人的思想与行为,进而促成资本主义生产关系的持续维系。另一方面,伴随大众文化的崛起,主体在人文精神的向度与价值观念的信仰上也体现出多层次、交互性的新、奇、特的特征。那么,在意识形态与个体交织联接的文化场域中,重新审思以精神分析为主要阐释路径的弗洛姆意识形态理论,在当代文化语境中就具有重要的意义与作用。本文的研究旨趣则在于,在坚持马克思主义基本原则、方法的前提下,力图从整体上再现弗洛姆意识形态论的轮廓与风貌,窥探其在当代世界的价值与意义。在马克思与弗洛伊德的影响下,弗洛姆意识形态论的建构以一种>人道主义的精神分析<为指导原则展开,精神分析是解读其以>本体之思<为逻辑起点的意识形态论的重要理论线索。紧抓这一理论主线,本文试从意识形态的产生、意识形态的构成、功能及其变革等方面考察并展陈弗洛姆意识形态论的总体景观。围绕>社会性格<与>社会无意识<的社会心理学概念,通过现代资本主义病态社会的症候分析,弗洛姆将经济、政治与文化领域中的异化现象主要归结为个体之间>施虐——受虐<的心理共生模式的驱动使然,从而阐释了意识形态产生的心理根源;其次,弗洛姆还考察了作为虚假意识的意识形态的构成,笔者将其归纳概括为作为意识形态策略目标的主体、以社会内在伦理体系为表征的程序要素与作为意识形态合理性解释的关于>侵犯<的人类历史学起源;再次,作为构成弗洛姆意识形态论的重要组成部分之一,关于意识形态的功能,弗洛姆从其存在本质、对个人与社会的奴役与维护方面作了精辟地精神分析阐释。事实上,弗洛姆关于新人道主义伦理体系的设想与其意识形态的构建是相辅相成的、一体两面的两个要素。实现人的解放与积极自由的人道主义的不懈追求使得弗洛姆一方面对资本主义>贪欲社会<意识形态的实践运作机制进行了无情揭露与批判;另一方面,弗洛姆将消除异化以及解除作为>历史的两歧<的意识形态对人之思想的蒙蔽视为新人道主义社会的首要任务并为之奋斗终身。关于如何实现这一理论任务,弗洛姆选择了同样具有精神分析色彩的意识形态变革策略,即以心理革命为主、社会变革为辅的向意识形态挑战的方案,以重建以爱为核心的新社会——健全社会。总之,弗洛姆式的意识形态分析路径为我们架构了认识意识形态图景的精神分析的心理认知模式框架,不仅精神分析地重释了马克思的意识形态研究,还在精神分析的维度上对当代意识形态研究有所推动并补充了拉康的>无意识主体<说。这都是其在当代视野下所具有的理论意义的具体展现,其中所蕴含的合理性要素在实践意义上对我国社会主义文化强国建设也有所启示。当然,我们也不能忽视弗洛姆意识形态论所具有的理论限度与缺陷:一方面,弗洛姆没有跳脱传统人道主义的思维束缚,以抽象的理论预设散发出关于意识形态的盘根错节;另一方面,弗洛姆对于马克思的意识形态论存在严重的误读。这导致弗洛姆陷于主观主义的泥沼而无法自拔,最终无法完成对资本主义意识形态的批判工作并真正实现对意识形态的超越。我们应该在马克思历史唯物主义思想的指导下,结合当代中国社会主义文化建设,汲取其思想精华,摒弃其理论局限,更好建设社会主义核心价值体系。 N2 - Since the term >ideology< produced, strife has continued. Nowadays, owing to the current globalization context, the >ideology< has been far more hidden and complicated in the capitalist world, which redefines the economic, political and cultural aspects from all over the world. It is obviously that the ideology would control human beings’ thoughts and behavior in a smarter way so as to maintain the capital world with the longitudinal capital development. Furthermore, people’s value and spirit has been interactive and multi¬level with the mass culture development. Therefore, it is of much importance to rethink Fromm’s psycho¬analysis ideology path in the current culture environment. - This article is aimed at reproducing Fromm’s ideological theories outline with style with the premise of Marx’s basic principles to spy on its value in the contemporary world. As is known, Fromm’s ideological theories revolved an analysis of the humanitarian spirit by Marxism and Freudism. It seems that humani-tarian plays a elementary role during his ideological theory originated in the noumenon thinking. This paper tries to visit from the ideology production, composition and function as well as its transformation so that we can know Fromm’s ideology landscape well. First of all, through analyzing the capital seal symptoms based on the >social character< and >social unconsciousness<, Fromm expounded the >sadism-masochism-psychological< symbiosis model mainly maintained the ideology production. - Secondly, this paper still researches the ideology composition by Fromm, which is made up of the ideo-logy’s strategic objectives subject, the program elements of social internal ethics and the reasonable violation interpretation referred to ideology rationality. Lastly, when it came to the ideology function, Fromm made his efforts to give us a splendid explanation from both its false existence and its negative function to any person or society. As a matter of fact, Fromm’s envision on the ethical system of the new humanitarian construction and his ideological construction is complementary. On one hand, his relentless humanitarian pursuit for human beings emancipation and positive liberty impelled him to criticize the ideology practical operation in the greedy capital society; On the other hand, Fromm thought it an important duty along his life to eliminate the alienation and the historical contradiction o f ideology. Above all, Fromm persists in his psychoanalysis way on the ideology transformation issue. That is to say, to construct a sane society is just a practical challenge to the ideology, which is not only referred to phy¬siology revolutionary, but also based on the social overall reformation. - All in all, Fromm provided us a ideology framework in his particularly way. It turned out that Fromm’s ideology analysis is both helpful to re-explain Marx’s ideology thoughts and could add to the subject unconsciousness’ by Lacan, even would propel the current ideology research in the psychoanalysis di-mension. Of course, the rational contents of Fromm’s ideological thoughts would as be benefit for our powerful cultural socialist country. However, there are some flaws during Fromm’s ideology demonstra-tion: on one hand, Fromm didn’t transcend the traditional humanism; on the other hand, Fromm misread Marx’s ideology thoughts badly. Consequently, Fromm was in a subjectivism dilemma at1ast and unable to criticize the capital ideology, not to mention transcending the ideology. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Shengping A1 - Li, Jinjuan T1 - A New Exploration of Fromm’s Theory of Ideology [弗洛姆意识形态理论新探] JF - Study & Exploration [ 学习与探索], No. 9 (2012), pp. 21-25. N2 - 弗洛姆继承了弗洛伊德与马克思的相关学说,从社会主体出发 以>社会性格<与>社会无意识<为概念工具,揭示了资本主义意识形态的精神分析基础。他认为意识形态主要运用社会过滤器即语言、逻辑与社会禁忌来压制社会 成员的无意识进而异化社会性格结构,而要消除这种意识形态的压制就要进行社会变革与心理革命,建构一个健全的社会。尽管他试图综合并超越弗洛伊德与马克思 的相关学说,但由于他没有科学理解马克思的唯物史观,其意识形态理论最终难以完成建构健全社会这一理想目标。 N2 - Fromm inherited the related doctrine of Freud and Marx, starting from the social body >social character< and >social unconscious< as a conceptual tool reveals psychoanalytic foundation of capitalist ideology. In his view the ideology primarily use the social filters that language, logic and social taboos to suppress unconscious and thus alienated social character structure of the members of society, and to eliminate this ideological repression is necessary for social change and psychological revolution, to construct a sound society. Although he tried to comprehensive and exceed the related doctrine of Freud and Marx, but because he did not have the scientific understanding of historical materialism of Marx, the theory of ideology ultimately difficult to complete the construction of a sound social ideal target. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER -