TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Mental collapse as “disorganized attachment”: A dynamic understanding for clinicians JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 173-179. N2 - Unresolved loss and unresolved trauma in adult mothers, and the commonly disorganized attachment pattern developed by their infants, have been repeatedly reported in longitudinal research literature as a crucial correlate or precedent of severe pathology. We describe and illustrate how unresolved loss and unresolved trauma are manifested in verbatim-transcribed language and how they are to be detected, so that psychoanalysts and clinicians in general are able to distinguish them and understand how such >states of mind< evidence the process of fragmentation they involve. We follow each example with a resolved transcript so it can be contrasted with a nonresolved case. We then describe excerpts of a taped >disorganized infant< – an example of infants who are usually babies of unresolved mothers, as shown during the Adult Attachment Interview. The analyst’s ability to identify and understand these >states of mind< and the subsequent sensitive reflection on the transcendental role of primary traumatic relations, which are involved in fear and the destructive dynamics of mental fragmentation – as seen in empirical research on attachment – can facilitate a resourceful integrative analytic scrutiny of the processes gone through by patients, and encourage the discovery of alternatives for working through the disturbing experience. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Developmental Roots of Productive and Unproductive Social Character Traits JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 199-210. N2 - A longitudinal study of early attachment and social character development of 14 Nahuat mother-infant dyads -since the infants were 11 months, having assessed them at 9 years of age and again in their late adolescence- show a significant improvement on the youngsters’ emotional development. The study conducted by the Seminario de Sociopsicoanálisis within a 40-year-long humanizing project in the village, called >Intercultural Participation Project,< suggests the benefit of promoting the rescue of their indigenous Nahuat culture and tradition. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019q Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019q ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Understanding Social Motivation for Encouraging Children’s Development. Social Character Studies in Mexico JF - R. Funk and N. McLaughlin (Eds.), Towards a Human Science. The Relevance of Erich Fromm for Today, Giessen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2015, pp. 1499-158. N2 - A group of psychoanalysts led the Seminario de Sociopsicoanálisis to broaden their clinical perspective gained through working with patients in the setting of a private practice. In this paper we describe participatory action research initiated by a community. We started by interviewing impoverished and economically disadvantaged children, first from a miner's village and later on from a center for children living in the streets. A study on Attachment and Social Character of mothers and children as well as the systematic appraisal of the unconscious motivations in the individual's responses to the Social Interpretative Questionnaire are presented. We strive to bring the findings of our social character studies back to the communities themselves. Our purpose is to support or foster possibilities for initiating participatory community-based action projects, aimed at transforming the quality of life and to confront the difficulties and obstacles that emerge on the path to change; furthermore we hope that our research will help to stimulate the development of childcare health policies. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.psychosozial-verlag.de/catalog/product_info.php/products_id/2535/CATALOGSSID/8c52oh5o77t4cs3r5m2r2722j4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Social Character. Why Marketing Character Is Rejected paper presented at a meeting on social character in Washington, May 10-12, 1996, 7 pp. (Typescript). Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Character Processes as Synonymousw with Transference Paper presented at the International Erich Fromm Symposium at Washington, May 1994, Typescript 10 pp. Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Review Fromm, E.: Vom Haben zum Sein. Wege und Irrwege der Selbsterfahrung (1989a, English), Typescript 1993, 5 p. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - et al., T1 - Care Giving and Social Character. Towards a Systematization of the Clinical Assessment of Social Character Traits and Their Relation to Mothers’ Care Giving Quality in Urban/Rural Mexican Samples JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 17 / 2013, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 35-46. N2 - The theory of social character developed by Erich Fromm asserts that the significance of experience is intimately linked to the material conditions under which persons, located in a specific economic system, live. The shared character traits thus correspond to the social role that these persons play. In the case of women, existing literature does not focus on their function as reproducers of the work force within the family, although this is a generalized function and additional to out-of-home work. This function has a transcendent importance to the development and emotional health of children, as has been established in longitudinal research of attachment theory. This study explores Mexican mothers’ shared character traits, a systematized appraisal of their attitudes towards their lives and their children, their states of mind, and the quality of care they provide as well as their relationship to attachment patterns of their infants; some come from urban Middle, Middle-upper and Upper-class families and others from Poor in-digenous peasant families. The fundamental focus is on the woman’s participation inside the family, although it does not exclude the possibility that some of these mothers handle not only the care giving and housework but also work outside of the home (the "double shift”). It concludes that the daily material conditions of existence are closely related to shared character traits and that these are in turn related to patterns of attachment in their infants, their sensitivity in the treatment of their babies, and the results of their Adult Attachment Interviews. Women have been the sup-port and pillar of subsistence for urban populations as well as the most poor and disadvan-taged communities. This role played by women is as widespread as undocumented in litera-ture. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e17/2013e Y1 - 2013 VL - e17/2013e ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - His Deeply Inspirational Presence and Thoughtfulness JF - R. Funk (Ed.), The Clinical Erich Fromm. Personal Accounts and Papers on Therapeutic Technique, Amsterdam and New York (Rodopi Publisher), 2009, pp. 153-160. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Hidden meaning of an early Loss. The common ground of Attachment and Social Character assessment and their clinical application JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis Oslo (Scandinavian University Press), Vol. 13 (No 3, September 2004), pp. 157-163. N2 - All contemporary psychoanalytical theorists are concerned with the common problem of how to account for the preeminent importance of relations. John Bowlby, the founder of attachment theory, suggests that >instinctive< behavioral systems underlie much of the emotional life of man and have developed because they were necessary for survival. The system with which he was almost exclusively concerned was the multitude of behaviors and experiences constituting the child's >attachment< to the mother. This >strikingly strong tie, evident particularly when disrupted<, has systematically been observed by attachment researchers, through the development of a series of instruments that gauge interpersonal communication. These interpersonal communications have on their part been found to >contain traces of developmental history<. Bowlby's theory is based on clinical accounts of cases of important loss experiences. A transcendental role is given in Bowlby's theory to the experiences of loss. It stresses that the construction of mourning processes can be seen as a manifestation of search and as a general gradual mental reorientation. The paper introduces the methodological perspectives, which are observable derivations of Bowlby's psycho-ethological ideas. We will argue that becoming acquainted with these attachment-research tools and with socio-psychoanalytic assessment can enhance the development of the clinicians' observational skills, their insight and their scientific research practices. A clinical vignette seen through the lenses of the attachment assessment of loss is presented. It points in addition to the socio-cultural-ethnical basis that serves as an underlying structure for the development of meaning. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Identity in the Asphalt Jungle. A Study of Mexican Youngsters Who Work in the Streets JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 13 (No 4, 2004), pp. 254-263. N2 - We present a study of 40 youngsters who live and work in the streets of Mexico City and who have abandoned their homes for significant periods of time. They seek out their own means of survival from a very young age. In many cases they have children of their own already as teenagers. The Seminario de Sociopsicoan lisis was invited to take part in a project aimed at facilitating the access of these children to graphic arts, artistic creation and therapeutic listening. This article presents our principal findings of the children's everyday life conditions, their work and their dreams, based on data obtained from social character questionnaires – with which therapeutic intervention in this project began. Vignettes of two case studies are also presented. The interviews were complemented by data gathered in weekly sessions attended by the youngsters on a voluntary bases. The sessions attested to both the narcissistic, aggressive impulsiveness of these youngsters and the vital effort they make toward their own recovery and toward establishing affective emotional ties with instructors and therapists. We found that socio-psychoanalytic methods could be used successfully to expand the scope of psychoanalytic theoretic postulates about character to a non-clinical, disadvantaged population. By analyzing the content of the psychoanalytically guided interviews we were able to recognize the central, distinctive motive, which leads these youngsters to run away from home and forge their own sense of identity. Y1 - 2004 ER -