TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Integrating attachment and social character approaches to clinical training – case studies from a Mexican Nahuatl village JF - M. Cortina and M. Marrone (Eds.), Attachment Theory and the Psychoanalytic Process, London (Whurr) 2003, pp. 179-203. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Attachment Patterns and Social Character in a Nahuatl Village. Socialization processes through social character interviews and videotaped attachment current methodology JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 05 / 2001, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 38-42. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e05/2001e Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The Legacy of Fromm in Mexico JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 9 (No. 3-4, October 2000) pp. 207-215 Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The Weekly Clinical Group Supervision Chaired by Erich Fromm Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 p. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - The History of the International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) in Latin America JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 13 / 2009, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 44-50.  T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e13/2009f Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - Reply JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 6 (No. 4, December 1997), p. 252. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - The Analyst as a Person: Fromm's Approach to Psychoanalytic Theory and Practice JF - R. Funk (Ed.), Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor. Reader in Preparation of an International Conference in Ascona, April 1997, Tübingen 1996, pp. 171-194. [= Gojman de Millán, S., 1996] Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - A Socioeconomic Dimension of the Therapeutic Relationship. The Analyst’s Perspective JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 6 (No. 4, December 1997), pp. 241-249. N2 - Two clinical vignettes are described. I wish to show how much an open recognition of the social conditions of both participants in a treatment process may enrich the analyst's understanding of the transference-countertransference dynamics. I claim that although analysts intuitively integrate this aspect of the therapeutic relationship they commonly do it without a specific formulation. In an explicit and systematic manner, Fromm emphasized the social dimensions of human experience. His background knowledge of the social sciences framed his therapeutic practice. The clinical implications which derive from this perspective will be illustrated. The clinical material which I present shows how today's psychoanalytic attention to the dynamic interaction between analyst and patient while it enables us to deal with the complexity and different layers of the treatment process can also include the social dimension. The benefits and difficulties of developing our consciousness about our own social roles and our involvement in the social milieu deserve our careful and critical attention. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - The Analyst as a Person: Fromm's Approach to Psychoanalytic Theory and Practice JF - M. Cortina and M. Maccoby (Eds.), A Prophetic Analyst. Erich Fromm's Contribution to Psychoanalysis, Nothvale and London (Jason Aronson Inc.) 1996, pp. 235-258. N2 - Sonia Gojman traces many contemporary innovations in psychoanalytic technique to Fromm's explicit humanistic approach to psychoanalysis. As Gojman notes, Fromm emphasized the need to know the patient from within (from >center to center<). This requires from the analyst an openness to use his own experience as a vehicle for understanding the patient. Fromm legitimized the patient's observer role in the analytic process, and he supported efforts to abandon a mythical neutrality in favor of adopting a role as an observant participant who affirms not only unconscious truths but also steps toward health. Gojman notes that these changes in technique--a term Fromm was reluctant to use since the stance he advocated was not simply a matter of the head but of the heart--are consistent with contemporary intersubjective approaches and with some of the positions advanced by Casement, Gill, and Mitchell, among others. Gojman also points out that in Fromm's discussion of technique in the Cuernavaca seminars, he repeatedly emphasized the analyst's unconventional attitude, his aliveness, his honesty, a profound interest in patients and their well-being. According to Fromm, these were all key ingredients to diminish the patient's resistance within the psychoanalytic process and increase the patient's confidence in the analyst. Gojman courageously looks into the realities of psychoanalytic institutes, where analysands are exposed to their therapist as teachers and colleagues in a variety of situations. This leaves training analysts in an extremely difficult position, >surrounded by analysands and former analysands as junior colleagues, creating situations of high-risk professional communication in groups ridden by all kinds of secrets and nonusable information.< Gojman proposes that rather than treat issues such as prestige and power in psychoanalytic institutes as nonexistent or useless sources of information, that the process be analyzed from the perspectives of the analyst and the analysand, each with different positions in the group structure. Needless to say, this effort is demanding for analyst and analysand alike, but may come as a relief >acknowledging our real participation and not struggling to conceal it.< Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - An overview of the mexican project of sociopsychoanalytical participative research in a mining comunity JF - Institutio Mexicano de Psicoanalisis, El caracter social, su estudio, un intercambio de experiencias (= Cuardernos IV), Coyoacán 1972, pp. 59-85. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - A Sociopsychoanalytic Intervention Process in a Mexican Mining Village JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen / Science of Man. Jahrbuch der Internationalen Erich Fromm-Gesellschaft, Münster (Lit-Verlag) 1992, pp. 47-56. N2 - >Ein sozio-psychoanalytischer Interventionsprozeß in einem mexikanischen Bergarbeiterdorf<: Dieser Beitrag gibt Rechenschaft von den Wirkungen, die eine knapp 6jährige soziopsychoanalytische Arbeit in einem mexikanischen Bergarbeiterdorf, speziell bei der kindlichen Bevölkerung an einer Grundschule, gehabt hat. Zunächst wird in allgemeinen Begriffen die Struktur des >sozio-psychoanalytischen Prozesses< beschrieben, wie er im Anschluss an Erich Fromm konzipiert ist: Aus der erweiterten Perspektive einer Integration des Unbewussten wird nicht nur der Bezug zu unterdrückten Sexualimpulsen wiedergewonnen, sondern es wird auch aufgezeigt, inwieweit das Sozialsystem als solches diese verdrängt und so Charakterzüge ausprägt, die dazu beitragen, das System und seine sozio-ökonomische Struktur durch Rationalisierung und Ideologiebildung zu stabilisieren. Dir Bericht basiert auf der Auswertung von insgesamt 141 Fragebögen, die bei einer Zufallsstichprobe von Kindern 3 Jahre vor und 3 Jahre nach dem Anlaufen des Projekts erhoben wurden (hiervon umfasste die erste Stichprobe 73, die zweite 68 Fragebögen). In einer vom Mexikanischen Nationalen Rat für Wissenschaft und Technologie (CONACYT) geförderten Auswertung wurde zwischen beiden Stichproben ein systematischer Vergleich gezogen. Bei der Inhaltsanalyse der Antworten wurde besonders auf die Bildung von Charakterzügen und auf das moralische Urteil geachtet; die häufigsten Charakterzüge und die Differenzen zwischen den beiden Auswertungen werden beschrieben. Dabei stellt sich, was das Selbstbild der Kinder angeht, eine gewisse Besserung heraus, verbunden mit einer Verschiebung hin zu produktiven und biophilen Charakteren. Bei einer gründlicheren Auswertung des Materials tritt als ein spezieller Befund eine merkliche Verringerung im Ausmaß der physischen Misshandlung, die die Kinder zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Erhebung zu erleiden hatten, hervor. Dies weist darauf hin, dass der Prozess der sozio-psychoanalytischen Intervention eine hervorragende Möglichkeit von Gemeinwesenarbeit darstellt. Es scheint gelungen zu sein, selbsttätige Entwicklungsprozesse in Gang zu setzen, die vor allem bei den beteiligten Müttern der betroffenen Familien eine prophylaktische Wirkung zugunsten der geistigen Gesundheit der Kinder hatten, abgesehen davon, dass ihnen auch eigene Möglichkeiten der Partizipation zugänglich wurden. N2 - >Un processo di intervento sociopsicoanalitico in un villaggio di minatori messicano<: Questa relazione riferisce sugli effetti avuti da un lavoro sociopsicoanalitico durato quasi 6 anni in un villaggio di minatori messicano, in particolare nella popolazione infantile di una scuola primaria. Dapprima viene descritta nei concetti generali la struttura del processo sociopsicoanalitico, come viene concepito con riferimento ad Erich Fromm da una prospettiva allargata di un'integrazione dell'inconscio non viene solo re cuperato il rapporto con impulsi sessuali rimossi, ma viene anche mostrato in quale misura il sistema sociale come tale li rimuove, e in talmodo determina tratti caratteriali che portano alla stabilizzazione del sistema e della sua struttura socioeconomica attraverso la razionalizzazione e la costruzione di ideologie. La relazione si basa sulla valutazione di un totale di 141 questionari, raccolti dai bambini con un campionamento casuale 3 anni prima e 3 anni dopo l'avviamento del progetto (il primo campione comprendeva 73 questionari, il secondo 68). In una valutazione promossa dal Consiglio Nazionale Messicano per la Scienza e la Tecnologia (CONACYT), venne fatto un confronto sistematico tra i due campioni. Nell'analisi del contenuto delle risposte si prestò particolare attenzione alla formazione dei tratti caratteriali e al giudizio morale; vengono descritti i tratti caratteriali più frequenti e le differenze tra le due valutazioni. Per quanto riguarda l'immagine di sé dei bambini, risulta un certo miglioramento, collegato con uno spostamento verso caratteri produttivi e biofili. Con una valutazione più approfondita del materiale, è emerso il dato particolare di una notevole diminuzione della frequenza di maltrattamenti fisici subiti dai bambini tra la prima e la seconda rilevazione. Questo indica che il processo di intervento sociopsicoanalitico costituisce una notevole possibilità di lavoro nella comunità. Sembra che si sia riusciti a mettere in moto dei processi di sviluppo autonomi, che hanno avuto un effetto preventivo nei confronti del benessere psichico dei bambini, soprattutto agendo sulle madri che facevano parte delle famiglie interessate, a prescindere dal fatto che venivano rese loro accessibili anche proprie possibilità di partecipazione. N2 - >El proceso de intervención sociopsicoanalítica en una comunidad minera<: Se revisan los efectos que sobre la población infantil de una escuela primaria, ha tenido el trabajo sociopsicoanalítico en una comunidad minera mexicana, a cinco años y medio de estar funcionando. Se describe, en términas generales, la estructura del >proceso sociopsicoanalítico< derivado de las planteamientos de Fromm – en el sentido de buscar la ampliación de la conciencia, y de recuperar desde esa perspectiva no solo lo referente a impulsos sexuales reprimidos, sino todo aquello que el sistema social como tal oculta de la vista e incorpora como rasgos de carácter que funcionan estabilizando al sistema y su estructura socioeconómica, y evitando la clara conciencia acerca de los motivos por los que se adoptan y realizan las decisiones cotidianas, racionalizándolas y dando lugar a la ideología. Se compararon sistemáticamente – en una evaluación propiciada por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de país – las respuestas de los niños – seleccionadas al azar – a cuestionarios interpretativos tomados antes y después de tres años de iniciado el proyecto: 141 cuestionarios, 73 de la primera aplicación y 68 de la segunda. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de las respuestas, resaltando los rasgos de carácter en formación y el razonamiento moral. Se describen las rasgos más frecuentes, y las diferencias encontradas entre las dos aplicaciones. Apuntan una marcada mejoría en cuanto a la propia autoimagen de los niños y a orientar sus rasgos de carácter hacia la productividad y la biofilia. Se destaca muy especialmente como un hallazgo de la revisión exhaustiva del material, el haber encontrado una disminución muy marcada en el maltrato físico que padecen los niños entre una y otra aplicaciones. Se señala al proceso de intervención sociopsicoanalítica como una muy buena alternativa de intervención comunitaria en tanto que parece haber podido propiciar procesos de desarrollo autogestiva que, a su vez, tuvieron un efecto profiláctico en las madres de familia involucradas y amén de haberles hecho ac cesibles sus propias opciones de participación, han redundado en beneficio de la salud mental de los niños. T3 - Yearbook / Jahrbuch (1990-1995) - w03/1992e Y1 - 1992 ER -