TY - JOUR A1 - Huang, Qiuxiao A1 - Wang, Hongwei T1 - Gregor's Alienation from Fromm's Human Alienation Theory View [从弗洛姆的人性异化论来看格里高尔的异化] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Literatures (Theory Edition) [文学界(理论版)], No. 2 (2011), pp. 28, 35. N2 - 文章运用弗洛姆的人性异化论,对卡夫卡《变形记》中的主人公格里高尔人性的异化进行了全面的分析,揭示出人性的异化是资本主义社会不可消除的真实存在的危机。 N2 - Article using Fromm human alienation of Kafka >The Metamorphosis< in the hero Gregor alienation of humanity carried out a comprehensive analysis reveals the alienation of human nature is a capitalist society cannot be eliminated the real crisis. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Deng, Zhiwei T1 - Fu Luo mu xinren dao zhuyi lunli sixiang yanjiu 弗洛姆新人道主义伦理思想研究 [Fromm’s New Humanistic Ethics], Beijing: Renmin chuban she 人民出版社 [People's Pub¬lishing House], 347 pages. N2 - E.弗洛姆是现代西方著名的人道主义伦理学家,他通过综合马克思的宏观社会理论和弗洛伊德的微观心理分析理论而建立的人道主义伦理学体系在西方伦理学发展史上具有独特的理论贡献。在其伦理学体系中,宗教思想是其中重要的内容。弗洛姆从人的精神需要的角度探讨了宗教的根源和定义,划分了宗教的两种类型,揭露了现代社会宗教异化对人造成的危害,并积极探索建立人道主义宗教的具体对策。他的思想既有独特的理论和现实意义,同时也有明显的局限性 N2 - Erich Fromm is one of the most famous contemporary humanistic ethicists. His neo-humanistic ethics established through synthesizing Karl Marx’s macroscopic social theory and Sigmund Freud’s microscopic psychoanalysis takes a unique position in the development of western ethics. An important part of Erich Fromm’s humanistic ethics is his humanistic ethical thoughts of religion. Fromm explores root and definition of the religion based on the spirit needs of the people, and clarifies two kinds of connotations in the concept of religion, discloses the harm on the people by alienation of modern religion, and explores actively the way to build the humanistic religion. There are distinctive value of theory and reality and obvious limitations in his ethical thoughts of religion. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Du, Liyan T1 - Fromm’s Understanding of Humanity [弗洛姆拷问人性:人健全吗?] JF - Journal of Yunnan University (Social Sciences Edition) [云南大学学报(社会科学版) ], No. 5 (2011), pp. 27-32, 95. N2 - Like Marxism and Freudism, Fromm pays attention to complete humanity and tries to integrate Marxism with Freudism. He inquiries into the nature of humanity, and its good and bad elements, which shows his reflections on Christianity and reveals the key features of his philosophy. N2 - 关注健全的人性既是马克思主义,也是弗洛伊德主义关注的问题;力求将马克思主义与弗洛伊德主义相结合的弗洛姆,同样关注健全的人性问题。弗洛姆拷问人性,从询问什么是人性开始,并由此展开对人性善与人性恶的质询。而弗洛姆对人性善与恶的讨论,是建立在对基督教信仰进行反思的基础上,这是弗洛姆哲学的重要特征。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dong, Gaowei T1 - Fromm’s Sociological Thought [弗洛姆哲学视域下的社会学思想] JF - Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology [长春理工大学学报], No. 7 (2011), pp. 42-43. N2 - 弗洛姆是当代著名的精神分析学家、社会学家和哲学家,他以哲学的视域对西方资本主义社会的现状进行考察,从人性异化的基础得出当代西方资本主义社会病态的结论,并提出一些有建设性的意见。在此就弗洛姆对人性、社会以及健全社会与人三方面的思考进行简述,以期对中国当下的社会建设有所启发。 N2 - Fromm the famous contemporary psychoanalysis scientist, sociologist and philoso¬pher, the sight of his philosophy to inspect the status of the Western capitalist society, contemporary western capital on the basis of alienation of humanity morbid conclusion of the society, and make some constructive comments. This Fromm aspects of human nature, society, and improve the social with people thinking briefly, in order to inspire the construction of China's current social. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dong, Xiaofei T1 - Fromm’s Social Ethics Thoughts [弗洛姆社会伦理思想探究] JF - Journal of Hotan Teachers College [和田师范专科学校学报], No. 1 (2011), pp. 16-17. N2 - 从>逃避自由<的人性学说出发,弗洛姆认为,当代资本主义社会是一个不健全的社会。究其原因,主要在于当代资本主义社会造成了人性的严重异化和个体的畸形发展。基于此,弗洛姆力图以>爱的理论<建构来克服当代资本主义社会的道德危机。尽管他的社会伦理思想存在着一些局限性,但其对当代资本主义的社会伦理批判理论,对我们当下坚持科学发展和以人为本有一定的理论价值和现实意义。 N2 - Starting from the humanistic theory of >escape from Freedom<, Fromm argues that contemporary capitalist society is an unsound society. The main reason for this is the serious alienation of human nature and the deformed development of the individual in contemporary capitalist society. For this reason, Fromm attempts to overcome the moral crisis of contemporary capitalist society with the construction of a >theory of love< Although there are some limitations in his social ethical thought, his critical theory of social ethics of contemporary capitalism has certain theoretical value and practical significance for our current adherence to scientific development and humanism. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Ning T1 - Fromm’s Idea of Escape from Freedom and Its Reflection [弗洛姆逃避自由的思想及其反思] JF - Social Sciences (New Theory Edition) [社科纵横(新理论版)], No. 1 (2011), pp. 162-164. N2 - 及逃避自由的途径,并认为自发性的活动—爱和工作是实现积极自由的途径。 弗洛姆认为现代社会中的人不是在追求自由,而是在逃避自由,在《逃避自由》一书中弗洛姆深刻的解读了现代社会中的人逃避自由的根源以 N2 - […] and ways to escape from freedom, and that the spontaneous activity - love and work are the way to achieve positive freedom. Fromm argues that modern society people are not in the pursuit of freedom, but in the escape from freedom, in the >Escape from Freedom< a book Fromm profound interpretation of the modern society causes people to escape to freedom. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Huifen T1 - Fromm’s Criticism and Reconstruction of Consumption Alienation [弗洛姆对消费异化的批判与重建] JF - Journal of Shijiazhuang University [石家庄学院学报], No. 1 (2011), pp. 86-90. N2 - The consumption itself is to satisfy needs of people; however, it has turned to be the purpose in today’s Western society. The creative consumption is fantastic, aggravating the dilemma of human existence. The free consumption is, in essence, negative freedom and a mode of existence which attaches importance to >possession<. Fromm advocated a model of social development that focuses on human development and a mode of existence that focuses on being, stimulating people’s positive freedom and reestablishing the subject role in consumption. His theory is of realistic significance to the idea of consumption and our social development. N2 - 消费本身是为了满足需要,但在西方现代社会中消费却成了目的,创造性的消费需求是幻想的需求,它加剧了人的生存困境,看似自由的消费行为实质上是消极的自由,是一种重占有的生存方式。弗洛姆主张建立以人的充分发展为中心的社会发展模式,倡导重生存的生活方式,激发人的积极自由,还予人在消费活动中主体地位,这对我们今天的社会发展和消费理念具有重大的现实意义。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bai, Xuehui A1 - Bu, Shu T1 - Fromm’s Alienation Theory and Probing the Way of the Discard Alienation for Human Being [弗洛姆的异化理论及其对人的异化扬弃途径的探索] JF - Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities (Social Sciences) [内蒙古民族大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 1 (2011), pp. 80-83. N2 - After human being coming into the 20th century, alienation problem that always talking about by Marx doesn’t be weaken, it assumes intense trend on the other hand, that is the total alienation between human and society. How to treat the phenomenon of total Alienation between human and society in modern society? Does alienation can be eliminated or discarded? Fromm’s answer is a representative during many scholars’ thinking undoubtedly. Although he has been dead for many years, his thought still has learning value and theoretical and practical significance as we see today. Thus, this article will induce the clues of Fromm’s alienation theory, propose the alienation problem again. N2 - 人类进入20世纪以后,马克思所谈论的异化问题不是削弱了,反而是呈现出了强化的趋势,即人与社会的全面异化。如何看待现代社会的这种人与社会全面异化的现象?异化能否消除或扬弃?在众多学者的思考中,弗洛姆的回答无疑具有代表性。虽然他已去世多年,但他的思想在我们今天看来,仍具有借鉴价值和理论及现实意义。即本文拟通过梳理弗洛姆异化理论的线索,再次提出异化问题的时代性问题。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gao, Tingting T1 - Fromm’s >The Art of Loving< – Inspiration for the Love Education of College Students [弗洛姆《爱的艺术》对高校大学生爱情观教育的启示] JF - Science & Technology Information [科技信息], No. 23 (2011), pp. 550, 571. N2 - 当代大学校园的爱情教育已经成为高校思想政治教育工作的一个新重点,弗洛姆《爱的艺术》一书对高校思想政治工作者如何引导帮助大学生认识爱情,端正对待爱情的态度,从而建立起一个健康向上的爱情观具有一定的启示意义。 N2 - Love of the contemporary university campus education has become a new focus of ideological and political education, Fromm >The Art of Loving< Ideological and political workers how to guide to help college students know love, correct treatment of love attitude, in order to establish a healthy and progressive concept of love has a certain significance. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Xiaohe T1 - Fromm’s >Productive Love< and Its Contemporary Educational Meaning [ 弗洛姆>生产性的爱<的当代教育意义] JF - Business Culture (First Half) [商业文化(上半月)], No. 6 (2011), pp. 268-269. N2 - 弗洛姆的情爱观的核心在于对>生产性的爱<的强调。只有这种爱才能摆脱人的孤独现状。这种爱有主动性和分享性两个基本特征,这种爱包含了关心、责任、尊重和认识四个基本要素。在建设和谐社会的今天,他所倡导的>生产性的爱<的情爱观对维持爱情、婚姻和家庭关系,培养儿童健全人格具有重要的教育意义。 N2 - Fromm Love core concept is that the emphasis on productive love. Only this love to get rid of the the lonely status quo. This kind of love that two fundamental characteristics of the initiative and share this love to include care, responsibility, respect and understanding of the four basic elements. Important educational significance in building a harmonious society, he advocated >productive love< the concept of maintaining love, marriage and family relationships, nurturing children healthy personality. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Shan T1 - Fromm's Thougts on Love [弗洛姆爱的思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Theory, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2011. N2 - Many philosophers have been paying close attention and reflection to the issue about humanity. In today’s society, when we are faced with the impact of capitalist economic tide, the downfall of old moral, the reveal of new moral, the tortuous development of socialism, and also with the polarization between the intensifying, the Deep suspicions to ourselves and others …Then we try to find some power to help us live in a humanistic way. History and reality tell us that this power cannot be provided by any specific system, legal or standards. Specific law cannot be suitable for so many different Races and individuals at the same time. Only things which can touch people’s heart may produce such abstruse power. Fromm’s thought of love is just one important source of this power. On the basis of elaborating and understanding Fromm’s thought of love, this paper will make historical and realistic reflection on people’s survival circumstance. Put the thought of love in background of human liberation. Seek the theoretical significance and historic instruction function of human liberation of Fromm’s thought of love. This paper will view Fromm’s love based on reality, face its utopia properties and though changing realistic conditions to make Fromm’s thought of love more practical.– Fromm’s thoughts of love include fraternity, the maternal love, sex, self-respect, god love. Love penetrates in people’s every aspect of life. In Fromm’s eyes, love is not simply a coincidence to experience, but for a rose of art and ability that can be learned. So in Fromm’s opinion everyone can practice love in his daily trifles by learning. This is just needed by people who in the bitter suffering situation of alienation. The relationship between man and self, the relationship between man and others and the relationship between people and the entire world are expected to be re-established, instead of symbiotic correlation. Love brings hope to the harmony of people and the whole world. But at the same time the role of love is restricted by people’s comprehensive development level and the development of world history process, and especially affected by Individualism and private property. For more Love just gives people a holistic guidance and sets a value goal for people. N2 - 人的问题一直是众多哲学家关注和深思的问题,到了当今社会,面对资本主义经济大潮的冲击,旧道德的衰败、新道德的展露;面对社会主义道路的曲折,贫富分化的加剧;面对人对自己和他人的深重怀疑……于是我们找寻某种力量来引导我们真正以>人<的方式而活着。历史和现实告诉我们这一力量不是某一具体的制度、法律或准则所能提供的,具体的法则不能适合如此多相异的种族和个体,只有那种能触碰人内心的东西才能产生出这样深邃的力量。弗洛姆爱的思想正是这种力量的一个重要源泉。本文在对弗洛姆爱的思想阐述和理解的基础上,对人的生存境况作了历史和现实的反思,把爱的思想放置于人性解放的大背景中,探求弗洛姆关于爱的思想在理论上的意义和对人类解放事业的历史性指导作用。本文立足于现实来看待弗洛姆的爱,直面其一定程度上的乌托邦性质,努力用现实条件的改造来使弗洛姆的爱更具实践性。弗洛姆的爱包括了博爱、母爱、性爱、自爱、神爱,爱渗透在人生活的方方面面。在弗洛姆那里,爱不是浅显的一种偶然感受,而已经上升为一种可以习得的艺术和能力,这样在弗洛姆看来每一个人都可以通过学习在生活的点滴中去实践爱,而这正是在异化的境况中苦苦煎熬的人类所需要的,人与自我、他人以及整个社会的关系有望通过爱来得到重建,而不是>共生的相关性<式的苟合。爱给人的和谐、世界的和谐带来希望,但是爱的作用的发挥受到人的综合发展水平和世界历史发展进程的制约,尤其是受个人主义和私有制的影响。爱更多的是给人们一种整体性的指引,为人们设定一个价值目标。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cai, Lingling T1 - Fromm's Theory of >Escape from Freedom< 弗洛姆>逃避自由<理论述评, Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2011. N2 - For thousands of years, human freedom has been a favorite topic of conversation, and a goal of pursuit. In the >war< of fighting for human freedom, human got the final victory, accessing to coveted freedom. However, with an increasing sense of individual freedom, the sense of powerlessness and loneliness are increasing, too. People are unable to endure loneliness and anxiety, so they began to escape from freedom. Why is there such a big contrast on people’s liberal attitude? Many western scholars had analyzed it and gave the answers. Among them, Erich Fromm with a special perspective of social psychology analyzes this historical phenomenon >Escape from Freedom< thoroughly. He brought forward the dual view of freedom, forming a distinctive >escape from freedom< ideology. This paper aims at carding Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< theory systematically, analyzing its ideological origins, historical background, the double meaning of freedom and the concept of a sound society deeply. At the end, this paper will make an objective and appropriate evaluation on his thought. N2 - 千百年来,自由一直是人类热衷的话题和孜孜以求的目标。人类在为自由而战的“战争”中,最终取得胜利,获得梦寐以求的自由。但随着个体自由感的增加,无能为力和孤独感也与日俱增,人们不堪忍受这种孤独和焦虑,开始逃避自由。为什么人们对自由的态度会出现如此大的反差?许多西方学者对此进行了分析并给出了答案。其中,埃里希•弗洛姆另辟蹊径,以社会心理学的角度为研究的切入点,对“逃避自由”这一历史现象进行透彻的分析,提出双重自由观,形成了富有特色的“逃避自由”思想。本文旨在对弗洛姆的“逃避自由”理论进行系统的梳理,深入分析其思想的理论渊源和历史背景、自由的双重涵义以及对健全社会的构想,最后对其思想做出客观、恰当的评价。 蔡晖 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Yongsheng T1 - Fromm's Humanistic Psychoanalysis Psychological Concept of Religion (Part 2) 弗罗姆的人本精神分析宗教心理观探析(二) JF - Science and Atheism [科学与无神论], No. 6 (2011), pp. 43-45. N2 - 弗罗姆的人本精神分析宗教心理观具有众多思想来源,其中对其影响最深刻的是弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思早期的异化理论。弗罗姆人本精神分析宗教心理观的基本特点是:从所谓>综合<的折衷主义立场出发,试图消除>权威主义宗教<的传统弊端,建立理想化的>人本主义宗教<,以帮助现代人摆脱生存困境,满足现代人在宗教方面的精神需要。其历史贡献在于:克服了弗洛伊德宗教心理观的明显缺陷;使得宗教领域的理性启蒙思想得到弘扬;在宗教类型的具体分析中显示出辩证性。其历史局限表现在:没有摆脱>泛神论<思想的传统束缚;宗教改良的思路带有>乌托邦<色彩;对宗教本质的理解不符合马克思原意。 N2 - Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis psychological concept of religious thought has many sources, including its most profound impact is Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Marx's theory of alienation early. Fromm people the basic features of the psychoanalytic concept of the psychology of religion: the so-called >comprehensive< eclectic standpoint, trying to eliminate the >authoritarian religion<, the traditional disadvantages of establishing idealized >religious humanism< to help get rid of the plight of modern living, to meet the modern needs of the religious spirit. Its historical contribution is: to overcome the obvious shortcomings of Freud's concept of religious psychology; makes religious ideology get in the field of promoting rational enlightenment; showing dialectic analysis in specific religious type. Its historical performance limitations: no restraint from the traditional >pantheism< ideology; religious improvement ideas with >Utopia< color; understanding of the nature of religion does not meet the intent of Marx. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yuan, Jing T1 - Fromm's Conception of a Sound Society and Its Theoretical Roots [弗洛姆健全社会的构想及理论根源], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy University: Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2011. N2 - Fromm's conception of a >sound society< is the ultimate point of departure for his ideas and the goal of his lifelong struggle. With this as the starting point, Fromm's idea of a sound society focuses on the survival of the individual and his psychological experience of the real world, and strives tirelessly for the realization of a good life for all mankind. Because modern Western society is faced with all kinds of contradictions and crises, which put people's lives in a serious sickness. Faced with the situation of early capitalism, Marcuse and others of the Frankfurt School had the same experience and description of the existence and alienation of human beings in Western society, which reflected the real situation of society and was the expression of the development of Western philosophy. Fromm, with his humanitarian concern, examines the soundness of Western society and feels deeply the all-round alienation of human beings and the unconscious pathology of the terminally ill. By synthesizing and analyzing the theories of Marx and Freud, and using the methods of social analysis and psychoanalysis, he diagnosed the sickness of Western society and tried to save people with humanitarian concern. Of course, whether this can be achieved or not, there are many theories in the academic circles, and it is still debatable. This paper starts from the theory of a healthy society, discusses the inevitable basis and the theoretical basis of Fromm's conception of a healthy society, discusses the feasibility of the road to a healthy society and its solution, and finally explores the theoretical roots of the conception of a healthy society. The first part of the introduction mainly deals with the current status of research on Fromm's ideas, and discusses the depth and breadth of research on Fromm's ideas in Chinese academic circles. The chapter will explain the significance of Fromm's theory of a sound society in the study of social philosophy, and its value to the construction of a harmonious society. In the second chapter, the inevitability of Fromm's concept of a sound society is discussed in detail, and the inevitability of existence is pursued from the theory itself.– The second chapter takes Fromm's divergent view of human existence as a starting point, and then analyzes and cares for the human condition on the basis of this, in order to conceive a sound society. Finally, we will find a way out through love and creativity.– The third chapter describes Fromm's specific path to conceive of a healthy society. Firstly, the first part discusses his analysis of the symptoms of the former capitalist society, and analyzes the real situation of human beings in the sick society from the psychological point of view; secondly, he summarizes the criteria for the conception of a sound society from the reality; thirdly, he concretely argues the implementation plan and the rationality of the proposed sound society.– Chapter 4 attempts to dig out the roots of the theoretical conception of a healthy society after an in-depth study of the theory of healthy society. The theoretical roots lie in the criticism and integration of the theories of Marx and Freud.– The concluding section gives a brief review of Fromm's theory of a sound society, and reveals the rationality and limitations of the theory of a sound society. It enlightens us to think rationally and treat Fromm's theory of a sound society. Through the comprehensive analysis and discussion of Fromm's theory of a sound society, we can see that Fromm is a great humanitarian scholar who tries to make us live in a society that is not only sound, but also full of love, so his concern for humanity is always worth thinking about and learning from. [Automatic translation] N2 - >健全社会<的构想,可以说是弗洛姆思想的最终落脚点,也是他终生的奋斗目标。弗洛姆健全的社会以此为出发点,关注个体的生存状况及其对现实世界的心理体验,为整个人类美好生活的实现而不懈努力。因为现代西方社会面临种种矛盾和危机,置人们的生活于严重的病态之中。面对早期资本主义的处境,像法兰克福学派的马尔库塞等人对西方社会中人的存在境遇,人的异化等都有同样的体验与描述,这都反映了社会的某些真实情况,也是西方哲学发展的时代表现。弗洛姆以人道主义的关怀,对西方社会的健全状况进行了透视,深切感受到社会对人的全面异化,体会到病入膏肓的人们身处的无意识病态。他通过对马克思和弗洛伊德理论的综合与分析,用社会分析和心理分析的方法,对西方社会存在的病态状况进行诊断,以人道主义的关怀来挽救人们。当然能否实现,学界也有众多的说法,还值得再商榷。本文从弗洛姆健全社会理论的本身入手,论述弗洛姆构想健全社会的必然性基础和理论基点;在此基础上探讨健全社会之路的可行性与方案;最后挖掘健全社会构想的理论根源。第一章导论部分主要就弗洛姆思想的研究现状进行了梳理,从我国学术界对弗洛姆思想研究的深度与广度展开,从理论层面的价值和意义入手,重视现实生活中个体存在状态的分析。解释弗洛姆健全社会理论在社会哲学研究中的重要意义,以及对构建当今和谐社会的价值。第二章就弗洛姆健全社会构想的必然性进行详细论证,从理论本身来追寻存在的必然性。以弗洛姆对人自身存在的两歧性为切入点,在此基础上分析关怀人的存在境遇,以此来构想健全的社会。最后在爱与创造性中找到出路。第三章阐述弗洛姆构想健全社会的具体路径。首先第一部分,论述了他对前资本主义社会病症的剖析,从心理学角度分析了病态社会下人的现实境遇;第二部分从现实中总结构想健全社会的标准;第三部分具体论证提出健全社会的实施方案及合理性。第四章经过对健全社会理论的深入研究,试图挖掘健全社会理论构想的根源。从两方面展开论述,弗洛姆身处的时代环境和个人的自身经历;理论根源在于对马克思和弗洛伊德理论的批判与融合。结语部分对弗洛姆健全社会的理论进行了总体的简单评述,揭示了健全社会理论的合理性与局限性。启示我们理性的思考和对待弗洛姆健全的社会理论。通过对弗洛姆健全社会理论的全面分析与论述,我们可以看到,弗洛姆是一个伟大的人道主义学者,企图使我们生活在一个不仅仅是健全的,也是充满爱的社会中,所以他人性的关怀是永远值得思考与学习的。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Peng, Hongya T1 - Fromm's Concept of Happiness [弗洛姆幸福观研究], Master thesis, Henan University of Science and Technology, Ideological and Political Education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China 2011. N2 - The 20th century famous humanism philosophers and psychologists Fromm’s, use spirit analysis, the paper analyzes the happiness and joy socialist happy the rationality and limitation of socialism happiness, definitely the happiness can serve as a kind of ethical value standard point of view. Fromm pointed out that human happiness was consistent with the nature of existence, to be happy means to be fully human birth, human potential to be the perfect realization of human survival the final answer.– The concept of happiness has three main contents: first, the need was the power of happiness. Fromm, starting from the nature of human existence into the needs of the people associated with, and beyond, roots, identity, commitment and other five and that five kinds of happiness to meet the needs of the minimum conditions. Second, the production was the core of happiness. Production was the full potential of people power, that everyone had an attitude, a positive and practical way of life, with productive person who, before having sex with the production. Thirdly, love was the source of happiness.– The nature of love to give, was a mutual respect and sharing with each other, improve and increase, both in love and get happiness. Fromm though the way that to achieve happiness, there were two, one individual psychological revolution, the second was social transformation. Through the psychological revolution, to achieve spiritual salvation, the twisted psychopathic personality molded into productive healthy personality. On economic, political and cultural transformation of the field, to achieve a state of equality, so that everyone could get material security, and lead a dignified life, restoration of human society, the highest status in the end to slavery were property situation.– Fromm’s concept of happiness was rooted in the alienation of capitalist society, the state of people, from a psychological dimension to explore in depth the well-being of the modern Western issues, building a harmonious society in China, the promotion of human happiness has some theoretical and practical value. N2 - 20世纪著名的人本主义哲学家、心理学家弗洛姆,利用精神分析法,分析了快乐主义幸福观与反快乐主义幸福观的合理性和局限性,肯定了幸福可以作为一种伦理价值标准的观点。弗洛姆在对四种快乐类型区分的基础上,提出了自己对幸福的看法:幸福是与人的本性相一致的存在,是理性充分发展的一种状态。获得幸福标志着创造性地实现自己的潜能,既与世界溶为一体,又维护自己的完整性。这种幸福观具有浓厚的心理学色彩,其主要内容有三方面:第一,需要是幸福的动力。弗洛姆从人的生存本性出发把人的需要分为关联、超越、寻根、认同、献身等五种,并认为五种需要的满足是人幸福的最起码条件。第二,生产性是幸福的核心。生产性是人充分发挥潜能的力量,是每个人都具有的一种态度,一种积极的生存方式,惟有生产性性格的人,才有生产性行为。第三,爱是幸福的源泉。爱的本质是给予,在爱的给予中双方都获得了幸福的体验。弗洛姆认为实现幸福的途径有两种,一是个体心理革命,二是社会改造。通过心理革命,实现心灵拯救,将扭曲的病态人格塑造成生产性的健全人格。通过对经济、政治和文化领域的改造,达到一种人人平等的状态,使每个人在物质上都能够得到保障,过上有尊严的生活,恢复人在社会中的最高地位,结束人被物奴役的局面。弗洛姆的幸福观根植于资本主义社会人的异化状态,从心理学层面深入地探究了现代西方人的幸福问题,对我国构建和谐社会,促进人生幸福有一定的理论价值和现实意义。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anonymus-2011, T1 - Fromm [弗洛姆] JF - Chinese Nation [中国民族报], Beijing, June 14 (2011). N2 - 弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980)通常被归类为>新弗洛伊德<学派的成员。其思想体系建立在>人本主义的精神分析 <基础上,>人本主义的精神分析<的重点是指出:人类基本需求并非植根于他的本能,而是在人类生存的特殊情境,在于寻找人和自然新的关联性的需求——当人丧失 N2 - Fromm (Erich Fromm, 1900 – 1980) is usually classified as a member of the school of >new Freud<. Its ideological system is built on the basis of >the spirit of humanism analysis<, the spirit of humanism analysis focus: basic human needs are not rooted in his instinct, but in special situations of human existence, is looking for and the demand of the natural correlation – when people lose. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jianan A1 - Liu, Ying A1 - Zhang, Nan T1 - Fascinating Shackles – Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< Analysis and Reflection [迷恋镣铐——对弗洛姆《逃避自由》的分析与思考] JF - Journal of Chifeng University (Philosophy and Social Science) [赤峰学院学报(汉文哲学社会科学版)], No. 7 (2011), pp. 43-47. N2 - 自由,一直以来都是人们向往的精神归宿,但是逃出了一切的藩篱之后,人却会面临由安全感和归属感的缺失所带来的恐慌,于是,自由也便成了新的枷锁。《逃避自由》是弗洛姆的代表作之一,文中通过对>个体化<所带来的双重影响和自由对于人们的双重含义的分析,进而得出现代人的>逃避自由<的心理机制。本文从社会哲学和心理学的角度对弗洛姆的>逃避自由<机制的起因、形成、后果及解决方法进行分析,得出人即使在不自由的境地之中,也可以拥有期望的幸福,这就是对自由的超越。 N2 - Freedom has always been the spiritual home that people aspire to, but after escaping from all boundaries, people are confronted with the panic brought about by the lack of security and sense of belonging, and freedom has become a new shackle. Through the analysis of the double impact of individualization and the double meaning of freedom to people, the paper draws out the psychological mechanism of modern people's >escape from freedom<. This paper analyzes the causes, formation, consequences and solutions of Fromm's mechanism of >escaping from freedom< from the perspective of social philosophy and psychology, and concludes that people can have the desired happiness even in the situation of not being free, which is the transcendence of freedom. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Xiaohong T1 - Ethical Predicaments in Ian McEwan’s Major Novels, PhD thesis [伊恩•麦克尤恩主要小说中的伦理困境], English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2010 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. T2 - Ian McEwan is one of the most significant British writers since the 1970s. His early writings were controversial for their focus on violence, death and sexual deviance, which earned him the nickname >Ian Macabre<. Nevertheless, with 11 novels behind him a N2 - Ian McEwan is one of the most significant British writers since the 1970s. His early writings were controversial for their focus on violence, death and sexual deviance, which earned him the nickname >Ian Macabre<. Nevertheless, with 11 novels behind him and one winning the Booker Prize, McEwan is now lauded for the ethical vision in his works. Throughout his writing career, ethics have been his major concern, which require further studies. This dissertation is devoted to the exploration of ethical predicaments in his three major novels, aiming to shed light on the continuity and evolution of his investigation of ethics throughout his career. Varied ethical predicaments characterize McEwan’s major novels, including the paradox of freedom, the ethical dystopia, and the ethical dilemma. Each predicament is a response to the particular ethical concerns of his time, demonstrating artistic features of a specific phase of his career as well. >Ethics< not only refer to the accepted beliefs, principles, and rules about right and wrong that guide people in their conducts, but also encompass the contextualized personal understandings of right and wrong. Derived from >ethics<, >ethical< though it can suggest >morally< correct, >always denotes< of or relating to ethics in this dissertation unless specified as otherwise. Predicaments are particular situations that the individual finds difficult and unpleasant. Ethical predicaments as discussed in this dissertation refer to unpleasant situations where it is difficult or impossible for the individual to act rightly. It is discovered that ethical predicaments occupy a vital position in most of McEwan’s novels. Furthermore, the major ethical predicaments in his fiction generally follow a line of development, in response to the changing ethical concerns of his time and his developing artistic techniques and vision. In view of manageability, this dissertation focuses on ethical predicaments in McEwan’s three representative novels – >The Cement Garden<, >The Child in Time<, and >Atonement< – identifying a distinctive ethical predicament in each one, so as to reveal the continuity and development in his treatment of ethical predicaments. Chapter One consists of a brief introduction of McEwan’s standing in Contemporary British literature, a review of English and Chinese scholarship on Ian McEwan, with particular focus on ethical criticism, a definition of the key terms, and then a brief introduction of the scope and structure of the dissertation. Chapter Two investigates the predominant ethical predicament in The Cement Garden the paradox of freedom, with three sections respectively dealing with the ethical anarchy, the positive freedom, and the problematic freedom. Central to this chapter is the argument that the paradoxical features of freedom trap the children in an ethical predicament. Before plunging into concentrated discussions, the chapter first briefly examines the philosophical and cultural influence on McEwan, which may account for his special treatment of freedom in this debut novel.– Section One investigates how the children arrive at ethical anarchy through gradual removal of parental authorities. In the light of Erich Fromm’s theory, it could be discerned that the family is based on an authoritarian ethical system which forces the children to subjugate their freedom to conformity to social norms. Through subverting the patriarchal control and challenging the mother as a teacher of moral precepts, the children eventually enter an ethically anarchic situation.– The ensuing section, centering on the positive freedom, aims to uncover the constructive role freedom plays in reforming traditional ethics. Cross-dressing and incest, the children’s >deviant< behaviors, are often interpreted as signs of depravation brought about by their newly gained freedom. Admittedly, in ordinary circumstances the children’s transgressive acts seem pathological; however, with McEwan’s special artistic representation, their >deviance< affirming spontaneity and creativity, could be read as a critique of the oppressive, hypocritical facets of traditional ethics.– Section Three explores the other side of the paradox – the problematic freedom, disclosing the nothingness and loneliness resulting from their ethical anarchy. Without parental authorities in the house, there is no absolute criterion of moral goodness for the children who have not yet learned to create new values by themselves to confer meaning to life. Consequently, the children experience an excruciating sense of nothingness. Besides, their newfound freedom also results in agonizing loneliness, or a deep sense of unconnectedness, for the removal of the old authoritarian ethical system severs the established interpersonal relations, which, though oppressive to the children in varied ways, used to provide them with a sense of belonging. The markedly different directions the children take when freely developing their individuality also add to their loneliness. Therefore, freedom plays a constructive role in reforming the traditional ethics, but it also tends to bring about distressing nothingness and loneliness. This paradox of freedom constitutes the major ethical predicament in the novel, demonstrating the author’s critical reflections on the ethos of the 1960s and 1970s, as well as his preoccupation with the private domain and the inner world in his early works. Chapter Three moves to examine the ethical predicament in >The Child in Time< – the ethical dystopia – a fearful futuristic situation where the individual is involved in moral corruption or problematic ethical relations. This chapter also falls into three sections, focusing on the moral corruption of the political arena, the vulnerability of marital relations, and the disharmony between nature and humans. A brief examination of the related circumstances in Thatcher Britain precedes the detailed discussions.– Section One probes into the moral corruption of the political arena in the futuristic society, concentrating on the unsettling social injustice indulged by the government and the politicians’ abandonment of ethical principles. As for the first aspect of corruption, McEwan is mainly concerned with the distributive injustice, that is, the abandonment of fairness in the distribution of wealth and benefits among the people. For the second, the author mostly delves into the politicians’ dishonesty.– Section Two focuses on the vulnerable marital relations caused by male dominance. Stephen’s attempt to impose his outlook on Julie aggravates their marriage crisis, while Charles’ assumption that Thelma should act like a self-sacrificing mother distorts their marital relationship.– Section Three inquires into the disharmony between nature and humans, disclosing that humans’ lack of environmental ethics leads to the tattered ecosystem. To be more exact, McEwan seems to suggest that it is the government’s and males’ materialistic, anthropocentric view of nature that is largely responsible for the environmental crisis. On the whole, the chapter reveals three major dimensions to the ethical dystopia portrayed in the novel. It could be seen that the specific ethical concerns in the 1980s Britain and McEwan’s broadened vision carry forward his exploration of ethical predicaments. Chapter Four is devoted to the investigation of ethical dilemma in Atonement, examining in turn young Briony’s ethical dilemma, the ethical dilemma in war, and Briony the writer’s ethical dilemma. McEwan’s recent preference for character-led novels is briefly analyzed at the beginning to account for his scrutiny of ethical dilemma in most of his later novels.– Section One probes into the ethical dilemma that traps young Briony, analyzing the portrayal of the dilemma within two narrative frameworks so as to reveal its rich ethical implications. As a reader unaware of the revelation in the coda, one is invited to penetrate the surface of a personal dilemma to uncover the root causes of young Briony’s quandary rather than focus on the dilemmatic situation. However, when the coda is revealed, the motive behind such representation becomes suspicious.– Section Two explores the soldiers’ ethical dilemmas in the Dunkirk retreat, identifying their >prohibition dilemma< and >obligation dilemma<. McEwan’s vivid portrayal of the soldiers’ internal struggles in the dilemmatic situations lends a fresh perspective to the mythologized historical event.– Section Three examines the ethical dilemmas facing Briony the writer, focusing on her >externally-imposed ethical dilemma< and >self-imposed ethical dilemma<. The economic base proves to be the root cause of Briony the writer’s dilemma as to whether she should persist in publishing her novel or not. In this sense, the dilemma is externally imposed on Briony. Briony imposes another ethical dilemma on herself when attempting to atone through writing. Therefore, this chapter primarily investigates three major ethical dilemmas in the novel, demonstrating McEwan’s exertion to reveal the subtlety and complexity of ethical predicaments.– Chapter Five concludes the dissertation with a short summary of its main contents, which is followed by a brief account of the social and cultural backgrounds of the urgent ethical issues McEwan responds to in his major novels. It also examines the relevance of McEwan’s novels to our time by placing them in the postmodern context, finally winding up the discussions about ethical predicaments by placing McEwan in an enduring tradition. N2 - 伊恩•麦克尤恩如今已是蜚声当代英国文坛的大家,其作品得到了批评家和读者的一致赞誉。但在其事业早期,他的小说却因聚焦暴力、死亡、性乱等主题而备受争议,他也因此被戏称为>阴森的麦克尤恩<。三十多年的创作生涯中,麦克尤恩一直不断推陈出新,其后期作品的风格也与早期小说迥然不同,然而值得注意的是,在任何创作阶段麦克尤恩从未放弃对伦理困境的关注与探索,可以说伦理困境贯穿了其所有作品。批评家已经关注到麦克尤恩小说特殊的道德力量,但从伦理角度进行的研究仍处在起步阶段,伦理困境在其创作中的特殊地位尚未得到重视,这对于麦克尤恩小说研究来说不能不说是一个缺憾。因此本文尝试从伦理的角度切入,挖掘其主要小说中不同的伦理困境,以期揭示其创作中的传承与创新。麦克尤恩主要小说中的伦理困境包括:自由的悖论,伦理反乌托邦,以及伦理两难之境。小说中的每一个主要困境都来自他对时代伦理问题的关注与思考,同时也体现了他在不同创作时期的艺术特色。>伦理<在本文中主要指人们行动中所需遵循的是非观念与原则,同时也包含具体情境下人们对于是非的特殊认识与体验;>困境<意为困难的处境。伦理困境兼有两者之意,在此困难处境中人们或面对两难的伦理选择,或无法逃脱不道德的生活。研究表明,伦理困境在麦克尤恩的每部小说中都有体现,且呈现出阶段性的发展脉络,总体来说呼应了时代伦理环境的变化以及其自身艺术技巧的提升。将麦克尤恩的所有小说作为研究对象将更为理想,但考虑到论文写作的实际条件,本文将仅探讨其三部主要小说《水泥花园》、《时间中的孩子》、《赎罪》中的伦理困境,因所选小说为麦克尤恩三个创作阶段的代表作,其中的伦理困境也具有一定的代表性。本文共分五章。第一章为引语,简要介绍了麦克尤恩在当代英国文坛的重要性,并对国内外的麦克尤恩研究进行了一番梳理,指出了研究中尚存的不足,然后厘清了论文中所涉及的关键术语,最后介绍了论文的选题与结构。第二章探讨了《水泥花园》中的主要伦理困境,即自由的悖论,主要从伦理无序状态、积极的自由、以及消极的自由三方面切入。本章首先简述了小说创作背后的哲学及文化思潮,突出了时代的自由精神对于小说主题的影响。主体部分从探讨水泥花园中的孩子们如何摆脱传统伦理体系的约束开始,分析了家庭中紧张的代际关系,揭示了孩子们摆脱父权压制的欲望与行动,以及他们最终到达的伦理无序状态。自由具有积极意义,自由的获得释放了孩子们被压制的天性与创造力,营造了平等、宽容的气氛。汤姆的异性装扮以及姐弟的乱伦常被认为是伦理无序中的道德堕落或迷误;诚然,以传统道德标准来评判或者脱离小说情境来判断,两种现象几乎都是无法接受的变态或反常行为,然而,麦克尤恩所采用的一系列艺术手法、以及其对具体情境的凸显暗示了另一种伦理指向,引导读者注意反常行为可能具有的积极伦理维度。但是自由同时又带来痛苦,对传统伦理价值的否定以及伦理关系的颠覆使人陷入无尽的虚无与孤独。自由内在的悖论造成难以回避的伦理困境,这是麦克尤恩对二十世纪六七十年代自由精神的反思;同时小说探索自由悖论时对私密领域、个体心理的关注也体现了他早期小说的特色。第三章剖析了《时间中的孩子》所展现的伦理反乌托邦困境。在麦克尤恩创造的未来社会中,政界道德腐化、家庭婚姻关系脆弱、人与自然极端对立,个体处于无法逃脱的伦理困境之中;小说中的伦理反乌托邦影射了撒切尔政府时期英国的社会状况。社会分配的不公,政治家道德的堕落,两者有力地揭示了政界的腐化。根深蒂固的男权思想或加剧家庭矛盾或扭曲婚姻关系,男权思想既体现在丈夫将自我的世界观强加于妻子,又表现在对妻子无私母性的期望,两者都将预设的角色强派给女性。在人与自然的关系中,人类对环境伦理的漠视是两者关系紧张的主要原因;麦克尤恩暗示读者,政府以及男性的人类中心主义、工具理性破坏了人与自然的和谐。当然,仅以性别判断个体的世界观或者行为似乎不妥,麦克尤恩在2008年的采访中也承认这是浪漫主义的假想。本章共揭示了伦理反乌托邦困境的三个维度,由此可见,麦克尤恩一直积极关注当代英国社会的伦理问题,其创作视野也更趋广阔,两者将他对伦理困境的探索带入了一个新的阶段。第四章阐释了《赎罪》中的伦理两难之境,探讨了童年布里奥尼进退维谷的窘境、战争中军人的两难伦理选择、以及作家布里奥尼进退两难的困境。本章首先简要论述了麦克尤恩在创作后期对于人物主导型小说的青睐,这也许可以解释为何伦理两难之境成为麦克尤恩伦理困境探索的新焦点。对于童年布里奥尼的窘境小说中着墨并不多,但它具有不可忽视的伦理涵义。小说未突出小布里奥尼在进退维谷的窘境中如何选择,而是侧重表现她如何陷入这一窘境,以及窘境背后的社会、文化根源。这一表现策略在布里奥尼的作家身份未显现时可能会得到读者的赞同,然而身份一旦表明,这一表现策略的伦理涵义即发生改变,读者也必须重新阐释小布里奥尼的伦理窘境。小说第二部分展示了军人在敦刻尔克大撤退中所遭遇的伦理两难处境,促使读者以新的视角看待这一历史事件;其两难处境主要分为禁令两难和责任两难。本章最后讨论了作家布里奥尼进退两难的困境,困境一涉及小说的出版,困境二与布里奥尼坚持以写作赎罪紧密相关,从根本来讲,前者是外加的伦理两难之境,后者是自我强加的困境。本章中探讨的三大伦理两难之境表明,麦克尤恩在后期作品中更侧重于揭示伦理困境的复杂与微妙,这与其创作理念的变化相呼应。第五章对全文进行了总结,分析了每部主要小说所呼应的时代伦理问题,并在后现代文化与文学背景之下审视麦克尤恩小说的重要性,最后指出伦理困境的文学表达古已有之,而麦克尤恩的贡献在于他对于新时代伦理问题的高度关注与深刻思考,以及在表现手法上的探索。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Baiwen A1 - Li, Zhaoyou T1 - Erich Fromm's >New< Thought [埃里希·弗洛姆的>新人<思想探微] JF - Forward Position [前沿], No. 13 (2011), pp. 4-7. N2 - 弗洛姆认为,>新人<(新型社会生存者,下同)是新社会进步的基础和前提条件。新人是指冲出占有指向,发展生存指向的新生存者。他的新生存者或>新人<说虽然存在着抽象性和感官性的不足,但其中包藏的价值成分是我们这个社会进步所需的宝贵财富。取其精华,弃其糟粕,可为进一步研究社会的存在与发展带来裨益。 N2 - Fromm believes that the >new< (new social survival, the same below) is the basis and prerequisite of new social progress. New out of the possession point to development survival point of survival. His new survivors or >new< although there are abstract and sensory deficiencies, which concealed value content is a valuable asset for our social progress. Its essence, abandoned its dross, can be beneficial for the further study of the existence and development of society. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Xiuzhen T1 - Discussion on Anxiety in Literary Activities [论文学活动中的焦虑], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2011 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - This paper chooses >anxiety in literary activities< as the object of research, and starts with the anxiety in various stages of literary activities, tries to discuss several specific aspects such as subject creation, literary acceptance, writing of literary history and literary communication, and focuses on the relationship between anxiety and current literary activities. This section mainly discusses the theoretical origins of the anxiety of the creative subject and the intrinsic connection between the two important concepts of >intersubjectivity< and >parody< and the anxiety of the subject. Secondly, the section on literary reception and anxiety deals specifically with the phenomenon of frustrated readers' >expectation horizons< and the reasons for this, as well as Bloom's main theories in this area. The question of the relationship between the writing of literary history and anxiety then begins with the >re-writing of literary history<, looking at the state and causes behind the way in which the writing of literary history has been going. In this paper, we focus on the paradoxical relationship between the freedom of the subject and the anxiety of the subject in literary communication activities in the age of electronic media, in the light of Fromm's theory of >escape from freedom<. After a more comprehensive description of the complexity of anxiety in literary activities, the thesis focuses on the analysis of the phenomenon of anxiety in current literary activities and its underlying causes, firstly discussing the origins of anxiety in current literary activities, starting from the rise of the technological reproducibility era, aesthetic fatigue and the >objectification< of human beings. The essay discusses thoughts on anxiety in current literary activities, analyses the characteristics of current literary activities with reference to the creation and reception of current literary activities, takes literary texts with aesthetic meaning as an example, and provides a comparative and in-depth understanding of certain important characteristics of current literary activities. At the end of the paper it is emphasized that the anxieties in literary activity are viewed through the lens of historical development. [Automatic translation] N2 - 本文选取>文学活动中的焦虑<为研究对象,从文学活动各环节中的焦虑入手,尝试从主体创作、文学接受、文学史的写作、文学传播等几个具体方面展开论述,重点探讨焦虑与当下文学活动的关系。全文首先论述创作主体与焦虑的关系,这一部分主要论述创作主体焦虑的理论缘起以及>主体间性<和>戏仿<这两个重要概念同主体焦虑之间的内在关联。其次,文学接受与焦虑这一部分具体探讨读者>期待视野<受挫现象及其产生原因,以及布鲁姆在这一方面的主要理论。然后,有关文学史的书写与焦虑的关系问题则从>重写文学史<入手,观照文学史写作一直在路上的状态及内在因由。有关文学传播与焦虑的关系问题,则通过联系弗洛姆的>逃避自由<理论,重点探讨了电子传媒时代里文学传播活动中主体自由与主体焦虑间的悖论关系。论文在对文学活动中焦虑呈现的复杂性作了较全面的阐述后,将重点放到了对当下文学活动中的焦虑现象及内在原因的剖析上,先论述当下文学活动中焦虑的缘起,从可技术复制时代的崛起与审美疲劳和人的>物化<等方面展开,最后着重论述对当下文学活动中焦虑的思考,在参考当下文学活动创作和接受的状况,分析当下文学活动特征的同时,以具有审美意味的文学文本为例,通过比较深入认识当下文学活动的某些重要特征。论文结尾强调以历史发展的眼光观照文学活动中的焦虑。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Jia T1 - Destructive People and Root Analysis. Research on Fromm’s Theory of Destructivity [人的破坏性及其根源分析 - 弗洛姆的人的破坏性理论研究], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2011. N2 - In human civilization, with high-quality, high speed of development, who also become more prominent and damaging exposure. Competing social interests of stakeholders in the pursuit of material wealth, and when to ignore the sound development of the individual, making the development human civilization should be homeopathic turn to reverse, the development of severe destructive behavior among groups or individuals, which led to uneven development between human and society. Article on the basis of the theory of human destructive, by the famous humanist scholar Erich Fromm, explained the root causes of destructive persons, with the comparison on the human comprehensive development of Marist theory, and discuss how to pay more attention to people’s development, finally making harmony of development between human and society. N2 - 随着自在世界的逐步发展,生产劳动促进了人类社会发生与发展,商品经济的出现,拉开了人类由低级社会形态向高级社会形态逐渐转化的序幕。随着私有财产和私有制的产生,人类进入资本主义时代,在一定程度上,资本主义的发展促进了国家经济、政治、文化等方面的发展;然而,随着国家的深入发展,资本主义制度的弊端日渐暴露,统治阶级打着>民主、人权、自由<的幌子,蛊惑人心,只是为了维护自身的统治地位和阶级利益,并非为了人的生存和发展。在>病态的<社会体制的荼毒下,一切社会行为和社会关系发生异化,尤其是人的异化造成了极其严重的后果和影响。人的畸形发展,摧残了人的个性,使人迷失自我而沦为物,引发了人的破坏性;自由资本主义向垄断资本主义的过渡,加剧了国家政治经济发展的不平衡,法西斯主义的野蛮统治、血腥镇压,激化了国家的内部矛盾和外部矛盾,导致民族运动、革命战争的频繁爆发,这一切促使人的破坏性迅速扩张;与此同时,随着社会科技的发展,人改造客观世界的能力增强,获得越来越多的自由,然而,伴随自由而来的孤立感、孤独感和无能感,使人产生对自由的恐惧,试图通过不健康的方式发泄不满,同样加剧了人的破坏性,阻碍了人的发展。在现阶段,人类文明高质量、高速度发展的形势下,社会利益主体在追求竞争利益和物质富足时,忽视了人的健全发展,使人的破坏性没有消亡反而日益膨胀,严重阻碍了人类社会的和谐发展。本文以著名人文主义学者埃里希•弗洛姆的人的破坏性学说为研究基点,阐述了人的破坏性产生的社会根源,通过对典型案例的剖析,阐明了人的破坏性给人与社会造成的严重后果,并结合马克思主义关于>人的全面发展<学说,论述了降低人的破坏性和实现人的全面发展的措施和途径,力求达到人与社会发展的和谐统一。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gong, Yingchun T1 - Critique of Cultural Capital on the Grounds of Information Society [当代信息社会背景下的文化资本批判], Doctoral dissertation, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2011. N2 - 当代信息社会背景下的文化资本批判布迪厄首次提出文化资本的概念,随后在当代人文学科等众多领域中掀起层层波澜,如今,>文化资本<已是文化社会学理论体系中极为重要的概念,也是最具争议的一个分析概念。文化资本是以财富的形式具体表现出来的文化价值的积累。这种积累紧接着可能会引起物品和服务的不断流动,与此同时,形成本身具有文化价值和经济价值的商品。文化资本的浮出是社会经济运行的必然结果,体现了资本逻辑的深度扩张。对文化资本理论范畴的理解,直接影响着人们对于文化资本所持的一种态度。考察运用文化资本理论,应立足于马克思主义哲学的基本观点,形成对文化资本研究的理论自觉。第一,通过对>文化<与>资本<及其内在关系进行系统、深入的梳理,分析布迪厄关于文化资本的理论阐述,理清文化资本的最初理论形态;第二,挖掘早期西方马克思主义理论,主要包括卢卡奇和葛兰西等西方马克思主义学者对文化资本理论的拓展;第三,着重考察西方马克思主义中法兰克福学派的社会异化理论,包括霍克海姆和弗洛姆等人在文化资本理论中所做出的贡献;第四,集中讨论马克思关于人的发展理论,尤其是马克思文化观对当代文化资本批判提供的理论借鉴。从社会历史发生学的角度来看,文化资本是与社会的基本时代特征紧密结合的。这一时代性特征就是当代被文化界所普遍认同的>信息时代<以及以此为特征的>信息社会<。正是信息社会中的信息技术的支撑,才使文化资本获得广阔的抽象的普遍化和符号化的存在方式。以往学术界更加关注的是文化资本与资本主义商品经济的内在关联,从商品经济的资本运行规律当中寻找文化资本的产生原因及其作用,而互联网的文化意义和信息时代的基本特征,对社会交往、社会分层、经济活动和文化选择都产生了深刻的影响,这些变化使文化资本的性质、特征、产生、运行方式更具有现代意义。马克思的历史唯物主义认为,人类社会的运动和发展是在社会内部的矛盾中实现的。那么,根据这一原理,我们同样可以分析信息社会由文化资本所引发的多重矛盾。正是这些矛盾才促使了当代信息社会的不断发展和自我完善。主要包括文化资本与经济资本的矛盾,文化资本与社会资本的矛盾,文化资本与文化价值的矛盾,文化资本与全球化的矛盾。在信息社会当中,文化资本借助于信息符号得以发挥其资本效力。对信息的控制、传播同时意味着一种资本的运行模式。信息已经不是单独的文化符号,而是文化资本的符号了。谁占有更多的信息并能够把这些信息转化成资本运行的内在要素,谁就掌握了社会的文化资本。文化资本是信息社会的本质规定,因此,才有文化资本对信息社会的影响。文化资本所以能够成为信息社会的本质性规定,显然要从人类社会的发展,进一步说,从生产力自身发展的情况给予说明。只有信息社会,才产生了文化资本作为一种决定性的生产力形式。信息社会决定了文化资本必然充当主导性的资本形态,它对于经济资本的增长以及社会资本的运行起着非常重要的社会价值。然而,文化的资本化以及文化资本在信息社会的主导性地位同时也会带来一些负面的效应。尤其在后现代的文化资本观念当中,遇到了挑战传统核心价值观念的后现代价值观的冲击,从而导致了文化资本社会的内部矛盾,并引发了一系列的社会发展问题。因此,我们必须用马克思主义的唯物辩证法的观点,对文化资本作出一种理论上的文化批判,同时,建构一种符合本民族和国家的文化资本形态及其运行模式。 N2 - Critique of Cultural Capital on the Grounds of Information Society Cultural capital, which was first proposed by Pierre Bourdieu and followed suit in numerous fields of modern arts and humanities, has not only been a fundamental concept in the theoretical system of sociology, but also an analytic one which gives rise to much controversy. It is the accumulation of cultural values embodied in the form of wealth. The accumulation may cause the continuous flow of articles and services during which form commodities with the cultural and economic values. The emersion of cultural capital is the inevitable result of the operation of society and economy reflecting the deep expansion of capital logic. - How people understand the domain of cultural capital theory directly influences their attitudes towards cultural capital. Therefore, when people study cultural capital theory and further make use of it, their footing should be the basic ideas of Marxist philosophy in order to form the theoretical awareness of researches on cultural capital. To be more specific, firstly, the initial theoretical form of cultural capital should be clarified through systematic and in-depth study of >culture< and >capital< and their intrinsic relations as well as an analysis of the theoretical elaboration of cultural capital advanced by Pierre Bourdieu; Secondly, early western Marxist theory, esp. the expansion of cultural capital theory conducted by Georg Lukács, Gramsci Antonio and other Western scholars of Marxism should be elaborately excavated; Thirdly, the society alienation theory of Frankfurt School in western Marxism including Horkheimer’s and Erich Fromm's contribution on cultural capital theory should be investigated and emphasized; Fourthly, an intensive discussion on Marx’s theory of human development and his theoretical references to contemporary critique of cultural capital should be given. - From the point of social and historical genetics, cultural capital is closely related to the basic features of contemporary society which is generally identified as >information society< with its trait as >information era< by the cultural circle. Owing to the support of information and technology in information society, cultural capital is extensively and abstractly generalized and symbolized. During the previous days, more attention was paid to the intrinsic relations between cultural capital and capitalistic commodity economy in the academic circle and cause of the generation of cultural capital in the capital operation law of commodity economy was found. While nowadays the cultural significance of internet and the basic feature of information era play a profound role in the social interaction, social stratification, economic activities and cultural options which brings modern meaning to the nature, feature, generation and operation mode of cultural capital. - For historical materialism advanced by Marx, it is internal contradictions of the society that promote the movement and development of human society. According to this principle, it is also possible to analyze the multiple contradictions caused by cultural capital in information society. And it is these contradictions that urge the continuous development and self-improvement of modern information society. These contradictions mainly include: a) the contradiction between cultural capital and economic capital; b) the contradiction between cultural capital and social capita; c) the contradiction between cultural capital and cultural value and d) the contradiction between cultural capital and globalization. - In information society, cultural capital reaches its capital effectiveness by means of information symbols. The control and transmission of information means one operation mode of capital. Information is a symbol of cultural capital instead of a single cultural symbol. The one that has larger amount of information and has the capability to transform the information into the inner elements in the operation of capital owns cultural capital of the society. Cultural capital is the essential provision of information society, thus it has great influence on information society. The reason why cultural capital can be the essential provision is the development of human society, to be more accurate, is the development of productivity. And only in information society is cultural capital a decisive form of productivity. - Information society defines cultural capital as the leading form of capital which is of great social value to the increase of economic capital and the operation of social capital. However, the capitalization of culture and the leading status of cultural capital in information society can also brings negative effects. Among the post-modern concepts of cultural capital, post-modern values meet the challenge of traditional core value which leads to the inner contradiction of cultural capital society and brings about a series of problems concerning social development. Thus, guided by Marxist dialectical materialism, we must conduct cultural critique to cultural capital in theory and furthermore construct a form of cultural capital and its operation mode which could conform to our nation. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shi, Yaowei T1 - Analysis on Master Degree, etc. Candidates' Academic Life in the View of Fromm's Theory [硕士研究生学术生活的弗洛姆式解读], Master Thesis, Mental Health Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2011. N2 - Generally speaking, master Degree, etc candidates begin to receive systemic academic training, they need to make their own efforts in academic research and exploration, which is something new in their former educational experience their school life is academic life to a certain Degree, etc. When master Degree, etc candidates face precipitate academic life, their mental disposition and behaviour choice, which may influence individual development, quality of the postgraduate education and academic sustainable development, is worthy of discussion. First, interviewing 15 interviewees is to collect abundant information, on base of which this study take advanced knowledge as a point of penetration, use Fromm’s social character theory for reference to analyze the marketing orientation, the receptive orientation, the boarding orientation, the exploitative orientation and the rational orientation in master Degree, etc candidates’ academic life.– In the end, to draw a conclusion that: First, different orientations don’t Influence individual alone, but mix with each other among four unproductive orientations, or between four unproductive orientations and the rational orientation. Second, many factors play a role in master Degree, etc candidates’ academic life, but academic interest is pivotal. This study suggests that unproductive orientations such as the marketing orientation, the receptive orientation, the boarding orientation, the exploitative orientation are dominant, the rational orientation has been weaken even exiled in master Degree, etc candidates’ academic life. The rational orientation is dominant in creative academic life, in which unproductive orientations can change into reasonable needs and play positive roles in a certain extent, and then avoid mutual dissimilation between scholarism and man, to lead a harmonious academic life. N2 - 一般说来,硕士研究生在学校教育中开始接受系统的学术训练,需要在学术研究和探索中作出自己的努力,这在之前的教育阶段是不曾有的,硕士研究生的学习生活在一定程度也成为学术生活。硕士研究生怎样应对突如其来的学术生活,会在其中产生怎样的心理倾向,会做出怎样的行为选择对个体发展、研究生教育质量以及学术事业的可持续发展会产生不同程度的、直接或间接的影响,是值得探讨的问题。本研究依照质的研究路径,深入硕士研究生的学术生活场景,对15个访谈对象进行访谈和观察,感受他们的现实处境和心理体验,搜集了丰富的第一手资料。在对访谈资料整理和分析的基础上,以>高深知识<为切入点,借鉴弗洛姆的社会性格理论主要解读了硕士研究生学术生活中的市场性格取向、接受性格取向、囤积性格取向、剥削性格取向等非生产性取向,以及作为生产性取向的理性力量。研究主要有两点发现:一是学术生活中的不同性格取向不是孤立地影响个体,而是混合交织在一起共同对个体发挥作用;二是硕士研究生的学术生活要受到多种因素的影响,但学术兴趣在其中扮演关键角色。本研究认为,市场性格取向、接受性格取向、囤积性格取向、剥削性格取向等非生产性取向目前在我国硕士研究生学术生活中占据了主导地位,而>理性<作为生产性取向的作用被弱化,甚至被放逐。具有创造性的学术生活需要理性占据主导地位,而那些非生产性取向则可以在理性力量的支配下,转化为人的合理需求,在一定的范围内释放它们的积极力量,这样既可以避免人的欲望异化学术,也可以避免学术的压制异化人,进而实现学术与生活的和谐统一 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhi, Guan-nan A1 - Du, Zhiping T1 - Analysis of Fromm’s >Self-Improvement< [浅析弗洛姆>自我完善的人<] JF - Legal System and Society [法制与社会], No. 19 (2011), pp. 224-225. N2 - 科技等飞速发展的当今社会,极大地丰富了人们的物质生活的同时,也造就出了如经济人等不健全的人,浅析弗洛姆>自我完善的人<,汲取其精髓,有助于我们正确认识和提升自我,促进我国社会主义和谐社会建设。 N2 - Technology, the rapid development of today's society, which greatly enriched the material life of the people, but also created and other unsound, such as economic man, Erich Fromm >self-improvement< to learn its essence, helps us to correctly understand and enhance self-promote the construction of a socialist harmonious society in China. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tan, Zhaojun T1 - An Inquiry into Fromm's Ethical Thought of >Escape from Freedom< [弗洛姆的>逃避自由<伦理思想研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2011. N2 - >Freedom< was the first value goal which the western bourgeois established the capitalist society, westerners was also true enjoyed freedom in capitalist society that any society couldn’t equate, but after the monopoly capitalism stage, the conflicts and defects which the capitalism itself unable to resolve, increasingly seriously exposed, the western capitalist society could not let the people who lived in enjoyed the freedom value, and thus >escape-from-freedom< in western capitalist society became a common phenomenon. Fromm’s >escape-from-freedom< ethics thought was brought out to reveal the reality in the western capitalist. Fromm’s >escape-from-freedom< thought is an ethics thought. By this thought, he not only revealed the disagreement morality of capitalist system, but also analyzed the space and the morality of >escape-from-freedom< of the westerners, and also showed its humanism tendency of philosophy. Fromm’s >escape-from-freedom< ethical thought had values that couldn’t ignore for us to know the dialectical relationship between >freedom< and >escape-from-freedom<, to know the current situation of the western capitalist society, to know how the nowadays Chinese society to publicize the values of freedom. N2 - >自由<是西方资产阶级为资本主义社会确立的首要价值目标,西方人也确实在资本主义社会享受到了以往任何社会都无法相提并论的自由,但进入垄断资本主义阶段之后,资本主义制度自身无法化解的矛盾和缺陷日益严重地暴露出来,西方资本主义社会并不能让生活在其中的人充分享受自由价值,>逃避自由<也因此而在西方资本主义社会成为一种普遍现象。弗洛姆“逃避自由”伦理思想就是针对西方资本主义社会的这一现实提出来的。弗洛姆的>逃避自由<思想是一种伦理思想。他借助于该思想揭露了资本主义制度的不合道德性,分析了西方人>逃避自由<的伦理空间和合道德性,并展现了其哲学思想中的人本主义倾向。弗洛姆提出的>逃避自由<伦理思想对我们认识>自由<与>逃避自由<辩证关系、认识西方资本主义社会的现状、认识当今中国社会如何张扬自由的价值等具有不容忽视的启示价值。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Chaobing T1 - An Inquiry into Erich Fromm’s Humanistic Ethics [弗洛姆人道主义思想研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, China 2011. N2 - As one of the most famous modern western humanitarian, Erich Fromm takes the existent state of people in 20th century as his observing and studying object. By his critical eyes, Fromm scanned the modern capitalist societies represented by America and the people’s conditions of existence living in it. Fromm has acute insight into the breakdown of the value of western societies and the all-sided dissimilation of people living in it through the appearance of the western societies’ economic prosperity and material abundance. Fromm diagnosed that as sick society and morbid person, then delivered an thought-provoking plaint that modern western societies was moving into backslide and their people was sinking into depression. In order to help modern western societies change from sickness into sound and save western people from spiritual and moral crisis, Fromm critically absorbed the humanistic academic distillate of Freudian psychoanalytic theory, Marxist theory, the social critical theory of Frankfurt School. Basing on the combination of these ideas, Fromm established his new humanistic ethics. Fromm’s humanistic ethics is committed to revealing the symptom of society and the dissimilation of person, and views the realization of >human freedom<, >human liberation< and >human all-round development< and the construction of a right society as the theoretical mission. This paper systematically expatiates and analyses Fromm’s ideas of humanitarianism around the main line of humanitarianism.– Firstly, this paper discusses Fromm’s understanding of the concept of human and human nature, and his basic ideas about the good and evil of human nature which set out from the basic of Fromm’s ideas of humanitarianism: the theory of human nature.– Secondly, this paper expounds the main content of Fromm’s ideas of humanitarianism: views of freedom, the theory of love, the ideas of overall dissimilation, and Fromm’s discussion of the humanistic ethics. In the basic of analyzing the morbidity of modern capitalist societies and the spiritual crisis of people living in it, this paper discusses Fromm’s scheme of >right society< to resolve these issues and the social reform measures to achieve that target.– At last, this paper delivers an overall evaluation on Fromm’s ideas of humanitarianism including the evaluation of the traits of his theory, the theory’s significance, contribution and limitations. N2 - 作为现代西方著名的人道主义伦理学家,弗洛姆以20世纪人的生存状态为其重要的观察和研究对象。他以批判的目光审视着以美国为代表的现代资本主义社会和生活于其中的人的生存境遇,透过西方社会经济繁荣和物质丰裕的表象,弗洛姆敏锐地洞察到了西方社会价值的崩溃和生活于其中的人全面异化,丧失了自我。弗洛姆将其诊断为病态的社会和不健全的人,发出了现代西方社会正在走向堕落、西方人正在走向沉沦的令人深思的感慨。为了使现代西方社会从病态走向>健全<,使人从精神和道德的危机中摆脱出来。弗洛姆批判地吸收了弗洛伊德精神分析学说、马克思主义理论,法兰克福学派的社会批判理论等多元思想的人道主义精华,并在综合这些思想的基础上,提出了新的>人道主义伦理学<。弗洛姆人道主义伦理学始终致力于揭示社会的病症和人的异化,并以探讨实现>人的自由<、>人的解放<和>人的全面发展<的途径和促成一个人道化的>健全的社会<为理论使命。本文以人道主义为主线,对弗洛姆人道主义思想进行系统的阐述和分析。首先从构成弗洛姆人道主义思想的理论基础——人性论入手,分析了弗洛姆对人和人性概念的理解及其关于人性善恶的基本观点;其次就弗洛姆人道主义思想的主要内容:自由观、爱的理论、总体异化论和弗洛姆对人道主义伦理学的阐述这四个部分展开论述;在分析现代资本主义社会病态和生活于其中的人的精神危机的基础上,阐述弗洛姆为解决这些问题所提出的健全社会的构想以及实现这一构想的具体社会改革措施。文章的最后对弗洛姆的人道主义思想进行总的评价,具体包括对弗洛姆理论的特色、意义、贡献及局限性的评述。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Chuanqi T1 - An Exploration of Fromm’s Humanology Thought [弗洛姆人学思想探本], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2011. N2 - Erich Fromm is one of the most prominent humanism thinkers in the twentieth century. Generally speaking, his doctrine is one kind of humanism religion. Fromm kept on writing all his lifetime and published plenty of books. His research is mainly on issues around people and he developed a wealth of humanology theory based on his human nature theory which is the core theory and foundation of his whole thought. This paper attempts to explore Fromm’s humanology theory focusing on his human nature thought. This article is divided into three parts.– In the first part, we investigate Fromm’s personal experience, social background, and the theoretical origin of his humanology theory. To accurately understand a person’s thinking, a biographical book is required. So, to explore Fromm’s humanology thought, we must investigate Fromm’s personal experience, social background, and the theoretical origin first of all. This paper argues that Fromm’s personal experience, especially his family tradition has a decisive influence on the formation of Fromm’s humanology thought. This is reflected in the following areas: the setting of human values by Fromm directly comes from prophets’ Jewish that he accepted in his early years; The religiousness is also directly from Jewish-Christian religion, which is the fundamental character of his humanology thought. The decisive role of personal experience is linked to the origin of his humanology theory. Fromm’s theorical origins include the prophets’ Judaism, Marx’s theory on human emancipation, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, Bachofen’s matriarchal theory, Zen and so on. Among these theoretical origins, prophets’ Judaism decides the fundamental characteristics and the content of his humanology thought with his personal experience.– In the second part, we investigate the content of Fromm’s humanology thought from the viewpoint of human nature. First of all, we note Fromm’s research methods: the overall approach and empirical methods. This part mainly focus on his human nature, human needs, the sinking of people, how to save the people sunk. Besides, We also research his theory of social characters and social unconscious in this part. Fromm definited human nature as his relation to existential dichotomies which caused the division. Contradictions of human existence lead to five spiritual needs: the need for unity, the need for surpassing, the needs of roots, the need of identity sense, the need for orientation and devotion. Human being continually generates as he solve the existential dichotomies that cannot be removed. To meet the needs caused by the existential dichotomies, people keep on probing, in which process people stray into the wrong track. People fall into the sunk state. This is reflected on two sides: to escape from freedom, full of destructiveness, tending to possess all of which are in the internal dimension; alienation in the external dimension. Faced to this sunk state of human beings, Fromm presented the general program for the humanitarian rescue. Fromm argued that we should develop the way of life preferring to being through playing the role of brilliance of human nature such as love, rationality and creativeness, which is his spirit reform, as well as social reform in political, economic, cultural and other fields at the same time. In addition, this article makes efforts to study Fromm’s theory on the destructiveness issue. Through multidisciplinary study, Fromm argued that people inherently have aggressive defense, but destructiveness which is a sort of vicious violations is just the result of the development of human civilization. Consequently, we should adjust our civilization to quell the destructive tendencies.– In the third part, we make some comments on Fromm’s humanology thought based on Marxism. First, the paper argues that Fromm’s humanology theory has three notable features: human value pre-set, purely religious and realistic Utopianism. Secondly, in the Marxist view, Fromm’s humanology theory goes with significant limitations in the following aspects: mistakes in the definition of human nature, the fallacy of the human nature drive force theory on historical kinetic issue, the fantasy of rescuing human beings plan. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是二十世纪最杰出的人本主义思想家之一,他的思想可以用人本主义宗教来冠名。弗洛姆一生笔耕不辍,著作等身,他的研究主要是围绕着人的问题进行的,形成了丰富的人学思想,其中人性理论是其核心和基石。本文尝试围绕着人性理论对弗洛姆的人学思想进行探本性考察。文章分为三个部分。第一部分考察弗洛姆人学思想形成的个人经历、社会背景,以及其理论渊源。要确切地了解一个人的思想,一本传记性的书是必需的。要探本弗洛姆的人学思想,首先必须对弗洛姆的个人经历及其生活的社会背景进行考察,并要研究他人学思想的理论渊源。本文认为弗洛姆的个人经历尤其是他的家族传统对他人学思想的形成具有决定性的影响:弗洛姆对人的价值设定就直接取自其早年所领受的先知的犹太教;他的人学理论的根本性质——宗教性也是直接来自于犹太-基督宗教的影响。个人经历的决定性作用是和他学说的理论渊源联系在一起的。弗洛姆人学思想的理论渊源主要包括先知的犹太教、马克思的人类解放学说、弗洛伊德的精神分析理论、巴霍芬的母权论、禅宗等。其中先知的犹太教和弗洛姆的个人经历共同决定了他人学思想的根本特点及内容。第二部分以人性为视角对弗洛姆人学思想的内容进行考察。本部分首先指出弗洛姆研究问题的方法:总体性方法和实证的方法。这部分主要围绕他的人性思想、人的需要思想、人的沉沦和人的拯救理论展开,还考察了他的社会性格和社会无意识理论。弗洛姆把人性定义为人的生存矛盾(二律背反)造成的人的分裂。由于人的生存矛盾引起了人的五种精神需要:合一的需要、超越的需要、寻根的需要、身份感的需要、定向与献身的需要。人在解决其不可消除的生存矛盾中不断地生成。为了要满足由其生存矛盾所引起的需要,人不断地求索,在这个过程中,人误入了歧途,陷入沉沦之中,表现为内在层面的逃避自由、破坏性、重占有的生存方式,以及外在层面的异化。面对人的沉沦,弗洛姆提出了人道主义的总体性拯救方案,包括通过精神改革,发挥爱、理性、创造性的人性光辉,使人养成重生存的生存方式,以及政治、经济、文化等领域同时进行的社会改革。此外,本文还着力考察了弗洛姆对人的破坏性问题的认识。通过多学科的综合考察,弗洛姆认为人具有天生的防卫侵犯性,但是作为恶性侵犯的破坏性只是人类文明发展的结果,我们应该通过对我们文明的调整来消除人的破坏性倾向。第三部分立足于马克思主义理论对弗洛姆的人学思想进行评论。首先,本文认为弗洛姆的人学思想具有三个显著的特点:价值的预先设定性、纯粹的宗教性和现实的乌托邦性。其次,在马克思主义看来,弗洛姆的人学思想带有显著的局限性,表现在:人性定义的迷误、关于历史动力理论之人性动力论的谬误和人的拯救方案的空想性。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yu, Xianghong T1 - An Analysis of the Alienation Theme in Mr. Sammler 's Planet, Master thesis [《塞姆勒先生的行星》中的异化主题分析], English Language and Literature, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China 2011 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Saul Bellow is one of the greatest writers after the Second World War, and his works have attracted the attention of the world. Through the depiction of modern intellectuals, the works of Bellow reveal profoundly the spiritual crises existing in the contemporary western countries. The protagonists of Bellow never escape from the reality, but explore their spirits insistently. They courageously get to know themselves and learn to come to terms with the world. Readers will always find a ray of hope from the protagonists who are in dilemmas, loneliness and alienation. There are already scholars in China analyzing Bellow's Herzog from the perspective of alienation. But due to the scarcity of the studies on >Mr. Sammler's Planet< in China, there are still no scholars who analyze the novel from the perspective of alienation. In the reading of the novel, the thesis writer recognizes the theme of alienation in the novel. The thesis provides a new-perspective for the analysis of the novel Saul Bellow is one of the greatest writers after the Second World War, and his works have attracted the attention of the world. Through the depiction of modern intellectuals, the works of Bellow reveal profoundly the spiritual crises existing in the contemporary western countries. The protagonists of Bellow never escape from the reality, but explore their spirits insistently. They courageously get to know themselves and learn to come to terms with the world. Readers will always find a ray of hope from the protagonists who are in dilemmas, loneliness and alienation.– There are already scholars in China analyzing Bellow's Herzog from the perspective of alienation. But due to the scarcity of the studies on >Mr. Sammler's Planet< in China, there are still no scholars who analyze the novel from the perspective of alienation. In the reading of the novel, the thesis writer recognizes the theme of alienation in the novel. Through the application of Marx and Fromm's theories on alienation to the analysis of the alienation in characters like Mr. Sammler, Wallace, Angela and Shula, the thesis exposes the living conditions of intellectuals and the social realities of the 1960s. The thesis provides a new perspective for the analysis of the novel. N2 - 索尔•贝娄是第二次世界大战后美国最伟大的作家之一,其作品受到广泛的关注。通过对当代知识分子的描写,贝娄的作品深刻地揭露了当代西方国家普遍存在的精神危机。贝娄的主人公从不逃避现实,而是不断进行精神探索,勇于认识自我,并学会如何与现实世界相处。读者总是能在处于困境、孤独及异化状态中的主人公身上看到希望。已有学者从异化角度出发解读贝娄的《赫索格》,但是国内对《塞姆勒先生的行星》一书的研究比较少,目前还没有学者从异化的角度来解读本书。笔者通过阅读发现《塞姆勒先生的行星》中表现出来的异化主题。本文运用马克思和弗洛姆的异化理论,通过对塞姆勒先生、华莱士、安吉拉和秀拉异化分析,揭示了二十世纪六十年代知识分子的生存状态及社会现实。本文为该小说的研究提供了一个新的视角。索尔•贝娄是第二次世界大战后美国最伟大的作家之一,其作品受到广泛的关注。通过对当代知识分子的描写,贝娄的作品深刻地揭露了当代西方国家普遍存在的精神危机。贝娄的主人公从不逃避现实,而是不断进行精神探索,勇于认识自我,并学会如何与现实世界相处。读者总是能在处于困境、孤独及异化状态中的主人公身上看到希望。已有学者从异化角度出发解读贝娄的《赫索格》,但是国内对《塞姆勒先生的行星》一书的研究比较少,目前还没有学者从异化的角度来解读本书。笔者通过阅读发现《塞姆勒先生的行星》中表现出来的异化主题。本文运用马克思和弗洛姆的异化理论,通过对塞姆勒先生、华莱士、安吉拉和秀拉异化分析,揭示了二十纪六十年代知识分子的生存状态及社会现实。本文为该小说的研究提供了一个新的视角。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Pengfei T1 - An Analysis of the Alienation in Don DeLillo's >White Noise< [唐•德里罗《白噪音》中的异化现象分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2011 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Don DeLillo is an American prominent post-modern novelist His novel, >White Noise<, published in 1985, is one of the most influential fictions in the 20th-century American literature. Owing to the publication of this book, DeLillo won the American Book Award in 1986. Since then, much attention and critical acclaim have rushed to this fiction. The critics and scholars have mainly discussed the novel from such perspectives as ecologism, consumerism, postmodernism, death, history, and so forth. Evidently, the contemporary America is an alienated post-modern society in the novel; however, few pay attention to such phenomenon of alienation in White Noise. This thesis, based on the theory of alienation developed by the western Marxists including Lukacs, Fromm and Marcuse and post-modern theorist Baudrillard, attempts to analyze the phenomenon of alienation from the two perspectives of consumption and technology in >White Noise<. Through the analysis, the thesis reveals further that the postmodern people in the novel have to be confronted with various survival crises in the double alienation of consumption and technology. The thesis consists of six parts: the introduction, four chapters and the conclusion. The introduction briefly states the time background of the novel, the DeLillo's literary career, main works and achievements, and makes a comprehensive literature review on White Noise from both at home and abroad and hence the significance of the study is pointed out.– Chapter One reviews the origin of alienation and Marx's theory of alienation, and then systematically introduces the main ideas about alienation after Marx, which are the theoretic foundation of the whole research.– Chapter Two analyzes the alienation of consumption in the novel, which is mainly embodied in the phenomenon of reification, the process and result of consumption.– Chapter Three deals with the alienation of technology, including the permeation of technology in people's daily life, the manipulation of technological media over humans and the abusing of new technology.– Chapter Four explores the consequences of alienation, that is, the humans' survival crisis in face of alienation: Jack and Babette's endless fear and anxiety, people's lonely and aimless state of life and the numbness of human emotion and rationality.– The conclusion part points out that DeLillo's criticism of contemporary American society is indeed valuable, and then emphasizes the main ideas and arguments of the thesis, revealing that the desperate and hopeless ending of the novel is an indication to the continuing of alienation and human suffering. Finally, it states the realistic significance of the study. The research on the alienation can also serve as a good warning for China in developing its economy and society. N2 - 《白噪音》是20世纪美国文学中有重要影响的小说之一,发表于1985年。这部小说的发表为作者唐•德里罗赢得了1986年美国全国图书奖。此后该作品一直得到学者和专家的广泛关注和诸多评论,他们分别从不同视角来解读这部作品,这些视角主要有生态批评、消费主义、后现代理论、死亡主题等。小说中描写的当代美国社会是一个异化的后现代社会,然而,涉及《白噪音》中异化现象分析的评论却并不多。本文用西方马克思主义理论家包括卢卡奇、弗洛姆和马尔库塞等人的异化理论,从消费和科技两个视角来深入分析《白噪音》中的异化现象。在此基础上,揭示了小说中后现代人们在消费和科技双重异化下,面临种种的生存危机。本文分为六个部分。引言简要介绍了小说的时代背景,作者德里罗的创作经历,主要作品和成就。并将国内外对这部小说的相关研究做了总结和概述。在此基础上,提出了本文的研究意义。第一章首先回顾了异化的起源和马克思的异化理论,然后系统地介绍了马克思之后异化理论的主要发展,从而为本文的分析奠定了基础。第二章主要分析了小说中的消费异化现象,它主要体现在物化、强迫性消费和符号消费等方面。第三章论述了小说中的科技异化现象,主要涉及科技不断渗透进人们的日常生活,科技媒体对人们的操纵和控制不断加剧以及新科技的滥用。第四章探讨了小说中反映出来的异化后果,也是面对异化后现代人的生存危机。主要包括杰克和芭比特无法摆脱的死亡恐惧和焦虑,人们孤独和漫无目的的生活状态以及后现代人感情和理性的麻木。结语部分指出德里罗在《白噪音》中,对当代美国社会的批评具有重要的意义,并再次强调了本文的主要观点,并揭示出小说让人绝望的结尾暗示着异化及其带来的痛苦还在继续。最后进一步点明本文的现实意义:小说中异化现象的分析对中国目前正在进行的经济和社会改革有一定的警示作用。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Jun T1 - An Analysis of Fromm's Freedom Plight Theory [对弗洛姆的自由困境理论探析], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2011. N2 - Western Marxism schools study Marxism in different respects, which have greatly contributed to the innovation and development of Marxism. As one of the scholars of Western Marxism schools, Erich Fromm’s theories have great research value. This essay will focus on Fromm’s Freedom Plight theory, which is also the core of his whole theories. All his theories are generated from this, including his huma-nitarian ethics theory. Only deeply understand his Freedom Plight theory, can it systemically and precise-ly apprehend Fromm’s whole theory system. This essay explores systemically and comprehensively this theory through defining this theory at first, and then provides the analysis of the way of solving its phenomenon, illustrating the actual methods to solve the problems in social reality at last.– The major innovation of this essay is to deeply understand and illustrate Fromm’s Freedom Plight theory in different historical era and combining different types of social system, in order to understand more deeply Fromm’s freedom view. Various types of research methods have been applied in this essay, such as the comparative method, history and logic method, and also linking theory with practice in order to understand comprehensively Fromm’s theory system. Fromm’s Freedom Plight theory is the deep analysis and exposition that people stress democracy but lacking in democracy in capitalist system, which has a strong sense of contemporaneity and practical significance. This theory has provided us the solid theoretical basis for us to understand the living condition in modern capitalistic society, and also, it has great reference value to the construction of socialism in our country. N2 - 西方马克思主义流派以不同的角度研究马克思主义思想,对马克思主义思想的创新与发展作出了积极的贡献。弗洛姆作为西方马克思主义流派的一员,他的思想理论具有重要的研究价值。本文重点研究论述弗洛姆的自由困境理论,这一理论也是弗洛姆思想理论的核心所在,他的一切思想理论都是由这一现象性理论来展开论述的,包括他的人道主义伦理学理论也是在自由困境理论的基础上进行阐述的。只有深入认识理解弗洛姆的自由困境理论,才能系统、准确地把握弗洛姆的整个思想体系。论文从对弗洛姆的自由困境理论的概念的论述,到解决自由困境现象的方法的分析,最后结合实际阐述了弗洛姆有关解决现实社会自由困境的实际方法等等,系统而完整全面的把握弗洛姆的自由困境理论体系。论文的主要创新之处在于分不同的历史时期,结合了不同的社会制度,深入理解阐述弗洛姆的自由困境理论,以求更准确的把握弗洛姆的自由观。论文运用比较法,历史与逻辑相联系的方法,理论联系实际等多种研究方法,细致、深刻的阐述弗洛姆的自由困境理论体系,以便全面系统的把握弗洛姆的这一思想理论体系。弗洛姆的自由困境理论是对资本主义制度下人们强调民主却普遍失去民主的深刻剖析与论述,具有很强的时代感与现实意义。他的自由困境理论为我们理解现代资本主义社会人们的生存境遇提供了坚实的理论基础,也对我国的社会主义建设具有重要的参考价值。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zang, Hongbao A1 - Jan, Ruijuan T1 - An Alienated Female - On Laura in >Flowering Judas< [异化的女性——《开花的紫荆树》中的劳拉] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Liaoning Educational Administration Institute [辽宁教育行政学院学报], No. 6 (2011), pp. 80-83. N2 - >异化<是二十世纪西方现代文学的主题之一。许多作家在他们的作品里描述了现代人的这种异化感,揭示造成人的异化的种种因素,唤醒人们对它的认识。波特在《开花的紫荆树》里通过刻画异化的劳拉揭示了一个异化女性的生存困境,并运用弗洛姆的异化理论分析了劳拉与他人的关系的异化以及劳拉自我的异化。没有信仰没有爱失去自我,劳拉生活在与他人隔绝、充满绝望和死亡的精神荒原里,成了异化的>物<。 N2 - Alienation was one of the major themes in western modernist literature of the 20th century. Many writers have described modern people’s sense of alienation, revealed the reasons causing it, and thus awakened our consciousness of it. In >Flowering Judas< Katherine Anne Porter shows us an alienated woman’s existing dilemma through depicting Laura-the protagonist. This paper analyses alienation between Laura and other people, and that of herself. Without belief or love, Laura is living in an alienated world full of despair and death, and with a paralyzed self in the spiritual wasteland she has consequently become an >object<. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yu, Xiaoxia T1 - Alienation and Reversion of Human Nature – Erich Fromm’s Interpretation of >Marx's Concept of Man< [ 人性的异化与复归——弗洛姆《马克思关于人的概念》解读] JF - Theory Horizon [理论界], No. 11 (2011), pp. 99-100. N2 - 人性和异化理论是>西方马克思主义<的一个重要组成部分。作为法兰克福学派的代表理论家,E.弗洛姆在《马克思关于人的概念》一书中主要通过阐释和深发马克思的1844年巴黎手稿来表述自己对于人性和异化问题的看法,启迪后人思考人类的出路与未来。 N2 - Human nature and theory of alienation is an important part of the >Western Marxism<. As representatives of the Frankfurt School theorists, E. Fromm book >Marx concept of Man<, mainly through the interpretation and Karl Marx's 1844 Paris Manuscripts to express their own views of human nature and alienation inspire future generations. Consider the way out and the future of mankind. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peng, Bingbing T1 - Alienation and Its Overcoming – Fromm's Alienation Theory [异化与健全之路——弗洛姆的异化理论探析] JF - Jiangxi Social Sciences [江西社会科学], No. 9 (2011), pp. 37-41. N2 - 马克思的异化理论与弗洛伊德的精神分析为弗洛姆考察当代资本主义提供了重要的方法论基础。弗洛姆指出,在当代资本主义,异化不仅发生在经济领域,也发生在精神领域和政治领域。他主张在经济、政治和文化三个方面同时变革,从社会与个体特别是个人的心灵方面进行整体改造,才能克服异化。 N2 - Marx's theory of alienation and Freud's psychoanalysis for Fromm to examine incidents of contemporary capitalism provides important methodological basis. Fromm pointed out that, in contemporary capitalism, alienation occurs not only in the economic field, but also in the spiritual realm and the political realm. He advocated that the three aspects of the economic, political and cultural change at the same time, the overall transformation of human consciousness from the society and the individual, especially personal to overcome alienation. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Qingxia A1 - Wang, Xi T1 - A Study on Similarities and Differences of Alienation Theories between Fromm and Lukács [弗洛姆与卢卡奇异化理论的差异性探究] JF - Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (Social Science Edition) [东北农业大学学报(社会科学版) ], No. 6 (2011), pp. 113-117. N2 - The main representative Lukacs of the early western Marxism and important representative Fromm of the Frankfurt School have inherited the alienation theory of Marx, and they also carried on the in-depth research on the emerging of alienation phenomenon in the 20th century, and they both had a profound criticism on modern capitalism by using the alienation theories. However, the emergence of the backgrounds and concerns of alienation theories are different, meanwhile, the analysis on the causes of alienation, and the discussion on elimination of alienation ways also show the great difference. Therefore, this paper aims to compare the similarity and difference between Fromm and Lukacs' alienation theories, and provides a new understanding on contemporary alienation phenomena. N2 - 早期西方马克思主义代表卢卡奇和法兰克福学派的重要代表弗洛姆都对马克思的异化理论有所继承,也都对20世纪新出现的异化现象进行了深入的研究,二者都通过异化理论对当今资本主义展开了深刻的批判。但是,他们异化理论产生的时代背景、对异化现象的关注、关于异化原因的分析及消除异化途径的探讨又表现出很大的不同。本文旨在比较弗洛姆与卢卡奇异化理论的异同,使人们对当代的异化现象有新的认识。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Qiaona T1 - A Study on Fromm’s Alienation Theory [弗洛姆异化思想研究], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2011. N2 - … morbidity phenomenon, Fromm put humanism theory as the ideological basis and tries to fusion Freud’s psychoanalysis doctrine and the theory of historical materialism of Marx, Fromm put his concept of human nature as a standard to perspective contemporary capitalist society economic prosperity and affluent life appearances. Fromm had incisively and vividly exposed and criticized the alienation in contemporary capitalist society, His views has very important reference value on we understanding and researching human society phenomenon. This paper discussed the theoretical origin, background and main contents of Fromm’s alienation thought based on the study of domestic and foreign scholars. Nest we emphatically discussed theoretical significance and practical value. This paper is divided into four parts. – The first part interprets the background and theoretical origin of Fromm’s alienation thought. It is the rise of fascism and the tendency of mechanization of human life that deny the value and meaning of human life, it led Fromm to seek salvation of this confusion. He critically inherited the Freud’s psychoanalysis and absorbed the nutrients in Marxist theory, thus put forward the ideas of his own unique psychological alienation.– The second part discusses the main contents of Fromm’s theory of alienation. It contains five aspects: Fromm’s concept of human nature, the meaning of alienation, the root causes of alienation, the causes of alienation and the elimination of alienation. The purpose is to grasp the logic of Fromm’s alienation theory, on the one hand describes the content of his thoughts, on the other hand show the inadequacies of his alienation theory. Fromm believes that human nature is constantly changing and developing, he put the view of human nature as the basis of his alienation theory. Fromm gives alienation psychological meaning: alienation is a kind of psychological experiences. The root of alienation lies in the situation of human survival contradiction. The causes of alienation include the two aspects: it’s the social repression to individual life and the existence of unconscious. In order to eliminate alienation, on the one hand we had to improve the human reason and establish creative links with the whole world; on the other hand we should carry out an all-round social change.– The third part explores the value and shortcomings of Fromm’s alienation theory through comparing the Fromm and Marx’s alienation theory. We analyzed the positive significance and defects of Fromm’s alienation theory from the perspective of theory and practice. Theoretically, Fromm totally deviates from Marx for taking the abstract theory of human nature as the theoretical basis. But Fromm expands the Research fields of Marxism because of exploring from microcosmic psychological perspective. From a practical point of view, Fromm has a utopia tendency of eliminating alienation.– The fourth part explores the enlightenment of Fromm’s alienation theory to build a socialist harmonious society. To achieve the goal of building a harmonious society we must build a psychological harmonious society according to China’s reality. The paper focuses on the key role of psychological harmony and how to build a psychological harmonious society. N2 - 弗洛姆从人本主义出发,力图融合弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思的历史唯物主义理论,以此来考察西方资本主义社会的各种病态现象。异化思想是弗罗姆以自己的人性论为标准,透过当代资本主义社会经济繁荣和生活富裕的表象,考察其内在矛盾而得出的结论。弗洛姆对当代资本主义社会中的异化问题进行了淋漓尽致的揭露与批判,其观点对我们了解与研究人类社会现象具有十分重要的参考价值。本文以马克思主义理论为指导,论述了弗洛姆异化思想的产生背景、理论渊源及其主要内容,在此基础之上着重探讨其思想的理论意义和现实价值。本文分为四个部分:第一部分阐释弗洛姆异化思想产生的时代背景和理论渊源。法西斯主义的崛起和人类生活的机械化倾向否定了人类生命的价值和意义,这个困惑促使弗洛姆寻求救世的良方。他批判地继承弗洛伊德的精神分析理论,汲取马克思主义思想理论的养分,从而提出了自己独特的心理异化思想。第二部分从人性观、异化的含义、异化的内生动力、异化的外生原因以及扬弃五个方面分析总结弗洛姆异化思想的主要内容,旨在对其思想进行逻辑上的整体疏理,一方面阐述其思想的内涵,另一方面显现弗洛姆思想观点的片面之处。弗洛姆认为人性是历史生成的,他将人性观作为其异化思想的基础和前提;在前人异化理论的基础上,弗洛姆赋予异化心理层面的含义:异化是一种心理体验;异化的根源在于人与生俱来的生存处境,即生存两歧;社会对个人的压抑和意识对社会无意识的压抑构成了异化的原因;扬弃异化在主观层面上要健全人的理性,与世界建立创造性的联系,客观上要进行全方位的社会变革。第三部分通过与马克思异化理论的比较,探讨弗洛姆异化思想的价值与缺陷,从理论和实践两个方面指出其思想的积极意义和不足之处。从理论上讲,弗洛姆以抽象的人性论作为理论基础,完全背离了马克思。但是,他从微观心理角度探究异化现象,拓展了马克思主义的研究领域。从实践角度来看,弗洛姆扬弃异化的思想具有乌托邦倾向。第四部分探究弗洛姆异化思想对我国构建和谐社会的启示,从心理角度观照我国的现实状况,指出要实现和谐社会建设的目标,就必须建设心理和谐的和谐社会。本文重点论述了心理和谐对构建和谐社会的作用以及如何构建心理和谐的社会主义和谐社会。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Bin T1 - A Study of Alienation in >The Grass Is Singing< [《野草在歌唱》的异化主题], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2011. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 多丽丝•莱辛(1919-)是20世纪著名的女性作家之一,于2007年以87岁高龄获得了诺贝尔文学奖。《野草在歌唱》是莱辛的第一部小说,完成于1950年。本文拟用埃里希•弗洛姆的异化相关理论来解析该小说中所体现的异化主题,阐述在殖民社会中人们为了逃避生存的无力感和孤独感所表现出来的异化。弗洛姆关注个体和社会之间的关系,认为人在社会中的无力感与生俱来,并随着个体的成长愈加强烈,而不健康的社会将加剧人的无能为力感,迫使人们为了生存放弃自我,屈从外界权力,导致自我异化;他引入弗洛伊德的人性冲动与马克思的异化劳动概念,提出社会条件对社会性格的决定性影响,强调在既定社会条件下人的能动性,在个体性格无法迎合社会条件和社会性格时,个体所表现出来的异化心理机制。据此,本文首先分析殖民地南罗德西亚的社会条件的异化,它的白人优越性文化、殖民经济和男性家长制的家庭关系共同促成了该社会性格的剥削特质;进而分析个体在剥削特质的殖民社会中所表现出来的为了寻求心理安全,个体依附外界权力时所表现出的异化。白人集团对其优越性的执迷、查理•斯莱特等人对物质财富的疯狂追求和玛丽夫妇对婚姻家庭的迷茫无助分别表现了机械趋同、破坏欲和权威主义的心理机制,但是他们对自我的逃避并没有带来心灵的安全,反而加剧了自我异化和社会的异化。本文得出结论小说中异化的人性是异化社会下不可避免的悲剧,并指出人的全面异化最终也将导致社会的毁灭,警示只有满足人类精神和自身潜力发展的社会才能健康发展。 N2 - Doris Lessing (1919 - ) is regarded as one of the most important female novelists in the twentieth century and she won Noble Prizes for literature at the age of 87in 2007. >The Grass Is Singing< finished in 1950, is Lessing's first novel. This paper will analyze this novel's alienation by ways of Erich Fromm's theory concerning alienation and illustrate people's alienation for escaping from insignificance and loneliness in the colony. Fromm focuses on the relationship between individual and society. He believes that man is born with insignificance which increases with man's growing individuality and an insane society will aggravate man's powerlessness which will force man to abandon himself and succumb himself to the outside authority. As a result, he will be absolutely alienated. Fromm introduces Freud's human drive and Max's labor alienation and advances that social conditions have a decisive impact on social character. Moreover he emphasizes man's dynamic and man's alienated psychological mechanisms when individual character can not comply with social conditions and social character. - Accordingly, this paper firstly analyzes the alienation of social conditions in Southern Rhodesia: the white community's superiority, the colonial economy and its patriarchal family, which jointly lead to the exploitative social character; then it demonstrates individual's alienation in order to obtain mental security by succumbing himself to the authority. The white community's ecstasy for the superiority, Charlie Slatter's ecstasy for material success and the Turners 'confusion with marriage display their psychological mechanisms such as automaton conformity, destructiveness and authoritarianism respectively. However, their escape doesn't bring tranquil soul for them but in turn aggravates their own alienation and alienation of the society. This paper comes to the conclusion that human nature's alienation is an unavoidable tragedy in an alienated society. It further points that the human beings' absolute alienation will in turn lead to the society's devastation and warns that only to satisfy man's psychology and potential ability can a society develop in a health way. Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yanhua, Lu T1 - A Study of >Love Medicine< in Light of Erich Fromm's Love Theory [埃瑞克•弗洛姆爱的理论观照下的《爱药》研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China 2011 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Louise Erdrich is one of the most well-known and productive writers of contemporary American literature, a leading figure of the second American Indian literature wave. Her first novel and masterpiece >Love Medicine< was first published in 1984 and won a number of awards including the National Book Critics Circle Award for best work of fiction. >Love Medicine< is centered in the relationships between lovers and families. Its significance is also profound since it reflects the conflicts and synergies between Indian traditions and contemporary American society and culture. Love, being the theme of several of Erdrich’s works, is regarded as the most effective medicine of the painful soul. Love people, love your family members because only love can form them as one. Only love makes these possible – personal survival and cultural continuity. >Love Medicine< demonstrates how love integrate the separated and alienated into a coherent whole. Most of the characters living on the reservation throughout their life constitute a movement toward selfless love and forgiveness. Love, which is a intrinsic capability of human soul, enables those who are hurted to give up the notion of oneself as victim to transcend the individual limits and reach the highest spiritual realm of humanism. As its title suggests, love is the true >medicine<, bring a sense of wholeness and belongs, despite circumstances of loss or broken connection to those who reach for it. This thesis intends to make a progressing research on this theme in light of Eric Fromm’s love theory which is put forward in his the Art of loving. Introduction mainly introduces the theoretical frame of thesis, which is Eric Fromm‘s love theory.– Chapter One discusses the three types of love mainly reflected in the novel-love between family members; between male and female and among equals in the Indian world.– Chapter Two analyzes the essence of love in light of the love theory of Eric Fromm from three aspects.– Chapter Three attempts to illustrate that how love can resolve the problem of human existence by close-reading of the text and analysis of the specific scenes and characters. Through creating family ties the Indian people find a way to search for their self-identity and human survival. It tries to read and explain the complicated situation of both Indian and white culture continuity by means of love.– The thesis finally concludes that love, as a power of human heart, can be the most effective redemption to the hearted soul and at the same time, a revelation to an oblivious civilization. N2 - 路易丝•厄德里克是美国当代著名作家、印第安文艺复兴运动第二次大潮的代表人物。《爱药》是她的成名作和代表作,也是第一部被译成中文的当代美国印第安长篇小说。《爱药》主要描述了居留地印第安人的家庭生活和亲人、爱人以及整个部族成员之间的关系,也深刻地反映出印第安人的历史传统与主流社会的文化冲突与融合的现状。弘扬爱是厄德里克众多作品的主题,它被人视为心灵最有效的疗药。爱家庭,每个成员都会把自己看作是整体的不可分的一部分,并且整体是高于个体的。他们有强烈的群体意识,因为群体是他们的归属,他们的需要。爱的传承,是保持传统生生不息的上上之策。爱之药能愈合人的创伤、民族的创伤和文化的创伤。《爱药》展示了爱,如何把被分裂的和疏离的个体融合成一个有机的整体。作品中那些生活在居留地上的人们,终其一生都在努力朝向爱与谅解。爱,作为一种人类心灵独特的能力,能够把人们从>受害者<的桎梏下解放出来,超越个人的局限,从而达到人道主义的最高精神境界。本论文以埃瑞克•弗洛姆的《爱的艺术》中爱的理论为指导,层层深入地分析了《爱药》中蕴含的爱的主题。前言介绍论文的文学背景和目的,介绍了理论框架即埃瑞克•弗洛姆在他的《爱的艺术》一书中提出的爱的理论。论文的第一章分析了作品中反应的三种爱,即亲情之爱,异性之爱和博爱。第二章以弗洛姆爱的理论为指导,分析爱对人类心灵的作用。通过文本细读的方法探讨和阐述爱的本质,即爱是什么。本章从爱是付出;爱是尊重和关怀;爱是理解这三个方面阐释爱的本质。第三章试图通过文本细读和特定情境及人物分析,展示了爱如何解决人类的生存问题。阐述了爱之药是如何地愈合人的创伤、民族的创伤和文化的创伤。爱之药是如何地维系着人类的生存和发展。结论得出,爱,作为人类心灵的力量,是一剂最为有效的疗药疗治人类心灵的创伤和一个日渐没落的文明。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Anheng T1 - A Neo-psychoanalysis of Emily’s Necrophilia Characteristics [新精神分析艾米丽的恋尸癖特征] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Jiangxi Institute of Education [江西教育学院学报], No. 2 (2011), pp. 147-149. N2 - William Faulkner explores the variation process of Emily’s psychology through flashback narration with onlooking and collateral evidence. He discloses the mental factor behind a murder by the lover. Analyzed from the point of view of Fromm’s neo-psychoanalysis, Emily suffers necrophilia with its typical characteristics, which should be the mental cause of the murder. N2 - 福克纳以旁观和旁证的侧面回忆的叙事方式探索了艾米丽心理变异过程,揭示了恋人谋杀案背后的精神因素。从弗洛姆的新精神分析学的视角分析,艾米丽患有恋尸癖的典型特征,这是导致谋杀的精神病因。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yu, Xiaohui T1 - >The Art of Loving<: Cleanse the Soul with Love [《爱的艺术》:用爱涤荡心灵] JF - First Financial Daily [第一财经日报], Shanghai, August 12 (2011). N2 - 这本被誉为>爱的圣经<的小册子,55年来已被译成32种文字,在全世界畅销不衰。>弗洛姆是时代的精神先知,而不是人类梦想家,他的思想和地位在今后中国会变得越来越重要。<复旦大学哲学系教授陈学明在接受采访时说$$  天真的、孩童式的爱情遵循下列原则:>我爱,因为我? N2 - This is known as the >the Bible of the love< booklet, 55 years, has been translated into 32 languages and in the world, sold briskly. >Fromm is the spirit of the times the Prophet, rather than human dreamer, his thoughts and status in the future China will become increasingly important. Fudan University philosophy professor, said in an interview with Chen Xueming naive, child type of love to follow the following principles: >I love, because I […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rao, Fengtao A1 - Lu, Shanzhi T1 - >Escape from Freedom< and Its Reflection [《逃避自由》的思想及其反思] JF - Jin Tian [金田(励志)], No. 7 (2011), p. 78. N2 - 弗洛姆分析了现代人的整个性格结构,指出了人逃避自由的根源和途径,并给出了相应的解决方案,值得我们反思。 N2 - Fromm analyzed the entire character structure of modern man, who pointed out the causes and ways to escape from freedom, and the corresponding solutions worthy of our reflection. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Xiaolei T1 - >Bell Jar< under Life's Journey [>钟形罩<下的人生旅程] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Science & Technology Information [科技信息], No. 24 (2011), p. 557. N2 - In this paper, Fromm's theory of the life of the forward and reverse analysis of Sylvia Plath's autobiographical novel >bell jar<, pointed out that the protagonist Esther after three stages of life: life spiritual crisis and return to the 1950s American society, in a society in transition. N2 - 本文运用弗洛姆的前进与倒退方面的生命理论分析西尔维娅.普拉斯的自传体小说《钟形罩》,指出了主人公埃斯特人生历经三个阶段:生命,精神危机以及回归50年代处于社会转型期的美国社会。 Y1 - 2011 ER -