TY - JOUR A1 - Kwon, Oh-yong T1 - 증오의 생산, 대상, 정당화 – 프롬, 짐멜, 아도르노를 중심으로 [Production, Reproduction, Legitimation of Hatred: Focusing on Fromm, Simmel and Adorno] JF - 사회이론 [Korean Journal of Social Theory], Vol. 58 (2020), pp. 409-450. N2 - 이 연구는 개인과 전체사회 간의 변증법적 연관에 주목하여 개인적 증오가 사회적으로 발현되고 재생산되는 과정과 형태를 살펴봄으로써 사회적 증오에 대한 효과적 대응양식을 프롬과 짐멜, 아도르노의 연구를 통해 이론적으로 탐색하였다. 연구결과, 프롬이 제시한 성격에 의한 증오 개념을 통해 개인적인 감정이지만 사회적으로 조건지어진 생활경험에 의해 생성되는 증오의 사회적 성격을 확인하였다. 또한 짐멜의 이방인 개념을 통해 친밀감과 거리감의 동시성이 이방인의 특성이며, 민족적으로 동일한 집단 속에서도 특정 집단이 이방인으로 지목되어 증오의 대상이 될 수 있음을 밝혔다. 그리고 증오를 정당화하는 편견과 이를 사회적-정치적으로 동원하는 선전선동에 대한 아도르노의 연구를 통해 편견이 민주사회의 가치를 거부하는 권위주의적 인성을 가진 사람의 소망을 강화하는 기능을 한다는 점을 밝히고, 편견을 동원하는 선전선동의 기술과 작동방식을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 편견과 그 동원의 사회적 조건 탐구와 편견과 박해의 현실적 결과를 알려 사람들을 설득하는 지성적 대항수단의 필요성을 제시하였다. 이 연구는 사회적 증오가 복잡한 이해관계와 사회심리학적 연관 속에서 단번에 해결될 수 없는 문제임을 지적하였으며, 꾸준한 분석과 비판을 통해 증오에 대응할 것을 제안한다. N2 - This study aims to verify the forms of (re)production of social hatred focused on dialectical processes between the individual and the whole society. Through Fromm's concept of character conditioned hatred, generated by socially conditioned life experiences, was clarified that hatred as a personal emotion has also his social character. In Simmel's concept of strangers who are members of the same society, but not internally assimilated, exist a tendency that makes the stranger an object of social hatred because of his synchronicity of intimacy and distance. Therefore a social group can be a stranger, even if they are ethnically the same as the insider in society. The study of Critical Theory about authoritarian personality reveals that prejudice justifies the hatred toward strangers. It is solidified in a way that reinforces the psychological desire of the authoritarian personality that rejects the values of a democratic society. By examination of technique and operation form of propaganda as a socio-political mobilization of hatred, was suggested the necessity of an intelligent countermeasure to persuade people by showing the realistic consequences of prejudice and persecution along with exploring the social conditions of prejudice and its mobilization. The social hatred is a problem that cannot be solved at once because it is in a complex of interest and social psychological connection. Constant analysis and critique of the social hatred could be a beginning of an attempt to overcome >defeatist attitude< about social hatred. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joo, Kwang-Sun T1 - 성철 선사상의 서구철학과의 비교 [The Comparison of Seongcheol’s Seon-Thought with the Occidental Philosophy] JF - 코기토 [Cogito], Vol. 90 (2020), pp. 229-260. N2 - 필자는 성철 선사상의 현대적 의미를 탐구하고자 한다. 그래서 필자는 상호문화철학의 유비의 해석학을 이용하여 성철을 서구 철학과 비교한다. 비교는 한 쪽에 다른 쪽을 포섭시키는 것이 아니라, 양자 사이에 관계를 하나 형성하는 것이다. 우선 데카르트는 성철과 의심이라는 지점에서 겹친다. 양자 모두 모든 것에 대해서 주체적으로 그리고 극단적으로 의심한다. 그러나 데카르트가 의심을 확실한 지식을 발견하기 위한 수단으로 사용하는데 반해서 성철은 어디에도 안주하지 않는다. 그러므로 망상으로부터 해방되려고 한다는 측면에서 볼 때 성철은 근대의 시초인 데카르트보다 근대 비판가들인 마르크스나 프로이트와 더 많이 겹친다. 마르크스는 인간이 생산관계의 이데올로기적 반영과 반향에 사로잡혀 있음을 밝힌다. 그리고 프롬에 따르자면 사회가 의식을 구성한다. 성철은 혁명을 꿈꾸지 않는다. 다만 깨달음을 통해서 마르크스나 프로이트가 주목하는 것을 포함해서 온갖 망상으로부터 해방되기를 원한다. N2 - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contemporary meanings of Seongcheol’s Seon-thought. For this reason I am going to compare him with Western philosophy by means of the analogical hermeneutics of intercultural philosophy. To compare means not to integrate one into the other, but to build a relationship between both sides. Descartes’ doubt overlaps with Seongcheol’s doubt. Both of them put everything in doubt independently and radically. However, Descartes uses doubt as a means to find true knowledge, whereas Seongcheol never stop to doubt. So, in the aspect of freeing oneself from illusions, he is more similar to critics of modernity like Marx and Freud than to Descartes. Marx shows that people are captured by the ideological reflexes and echoes of the relations of production, and according to Fromm the consciousness is constituted by society. Seongcheol dreams of freeing oneself from all illusions including the ones of Marx and Freud only by means of enlightenment. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lee, Moon_Jung T1 - 권오상의 정물 조각에 나타난 구축과 해체의 공존 [Coexistence of Construction and Deconstruction in Osang Gwon’s Still-Life Sculpture] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - 기초조형학연구 [Basic Plastic Science Research], Vol. 23, No. 1 (2020), pp. 381-394. N2 - 본 논문은 구축과 해체의 공존에 초점을 맞춰 권오상의 정물 조각이 보여주는 형식과 주제를 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구를 위한 이론적 근거로는 존재와 소유, 인간의 욕망, 자본주의와 소비사회에 관한 에리히 프롬(Erich Fromm)의 이론과 기 드보르(Guy Debord)의 스펙터클(spectacle) 개념을선택했다. 스펙터클과 관련해 소비문화에 관한 장 보드리야르(Jean Baudrillard)의 논의도 일부 적용되었다. 연구의 방법은, 형식적인 면에서 사진과 조각, 이미지와 물질, 가상과 실재의 경계를 해체하면서도 조각의 정체성을 공고히 하는 이중성을 분석했다. 주제적인 면에서는 인간의 소유 욕망과 바니테(vanité)의 양가성을 고찰했다. 또한 고도로 추상화된 상품화가 일상생활에 침투하고 이미지 과잉이되어버린 사회를 지배하는 스펙터클의 재현과 해체도 살펴보았다. 결과적으로 일상의 사물을 촬영한사진, 잡지나 인터넷에서 선택한 이미지를 바탕으로 제작된 권오상의 정물 조각은 소비와 소유가 그자체로 욕망의 대상이 되고, 상품이 단순한 물적 대상이 아닌 자기 표현의 상징물로 존재하게 된 오늘날의 소비문화를 투영한다. 또한 소비문화의 견고한 위상을 확인시키는 동시에 그것의 허상을 드러내고, 인간의 욕망과 소유에 관한 근원적인 고찰뿐 아니라 스펙터클 시대에 대한 비판적 사유의 기회를제공한다. 이를 위해 권오상은 스펙터클의 압도적인 권력을 직관적으로 보여주지만, 실제 사물을 첨가하거나 이미지를 지워 물질성을 강조하는 등의 방법으로 스펙터클과의 단절을 시도한다. 이와 같은 연구를 통해 시대에 반응하며 다양성의 공존과 차이를 창출하는 동시대 조각의 특성을 확인하고, 소비문화에 대한 예술적 성찰이 가져오는 의미 생성을 숙고할 수 있었다. N2 - The objective of this thesis is to research the form and subject shown in Osang Gwon’s still-life sculptures by focusing on the coexistence of constructing and disassembling. As the theoretical basis for this study, Erich Fromm’s theory on the existence and possession, human desire, capitalism, and consumer society, and Guy Debord’s concept of spectacle were selected. In relation to spectacle, some of Jean Baudrillard’s discussions of consumer society were also applied. In the research method, this study analyzed the duality that would solidify the identity of sculptures and also deconstruct the boundaries between photographs and sculptures, images and objects, and as well as virtuality and reality in the aspect of form. In the aspect of subject, this study considered human desire for possession and ambivalence of vanité. This study also examined the representation and deconstruction of spectacle that was dominating the society, filled with excessive images where the highly-abstracted commercialization penetrated into daily life. As a result, Osang Gwon’s still-life sculptures produced based on the images selected from photographs of daily objects, magazines, or internet, project today’s consumer culture in which both consumption and possession become the objects of desire, and goods exist as a symbol of self-expression rather than simple physical objects. Also, on top of verifying the solid status of consumer culture and revealing its emptiness, they provide an opportunity not only for the fundamental consideration of human desire and possession, but also for a critical interpretation on the spectacle era. For this, Osang Gwon intuitively shows the overwhelming power of spectacle while also attempting the severance from the spectacle through methods like emphasizing the materiality by adding an actual object or erasing an image. Through this study, the researcher was able to verify the characteristics of contemporary sculptures that could create the coexistence of diversity and difference by responding to the time, and also to consider the formation of meanings brought by the artistic introspection on consumer culture. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiyoshi, Mahito T1 - 関係性の病をいかに突破するか?―拙著『フロムと神秘主義』の視点に立って [How do we break through the illness of relationship? – On the viewpoint of my book >Erich Fromm and Mysticism<] JF - 全人的医療 [Comprehensive Medicine], Vol. 18, No. 1 (2020), pp. 57-65. [doi.org/10.32183/ifcm.18.1_57] N2 - フロムとフランクル,両者には深い共通点がある.両者とも,人間の《実存的特質》から生まれる《生きる意味を欲する》という根源的欲求との関連で人間の抱える精神的病理を解明するという視点に立つ.共にこう主張する.生きる情熱は生きる意味を掴むことによって生まれ,生きる意味を感得することは他者と深い愛の関係性(愛し愛される)を結ぶこと,いいかえると深い《応答の絆》を結ぶことによってのみ可能になる,と.この両者の観点から,現代日本の若者の精神状況を振り返るなら,我々は深い憂慮を感じざるを得ない.昨今の「拡大自殺」と名づけられた病理,自殺念慮者の増加,我が子虐待,イジメ,等々は今日の精神的荒廃を語るキーワードである.だからこそ,フロムとフランクルは若者によって再発見されねばならないし,実は両者との出会いを若者は待っている. N2 - Fromm and Frankl, both have a point of deep sameness. Both stand on the same viewpoint, that man must elucidate the psychopathy in the relationship with >the fundamental desire for sense of life<, which results from >the existential specific character< of human being. Both insistence equally, that man can get the passion to live only by grasping the sense of life, and man can feel the sense of life only by binding together >the deep cords of love< (loving and being loved) with others, that is, >the deep cords of call & response<. When we turn now to the mentality of Japanese youth today from that viewpoint of both, we must feel the deep anxiety. The psychopathy, which is called recently >the expanded suicide<, the increase of suicide-intending youth, the cruel treatment for own child, IJIME (rag), etc. these are the keywords, which indicate today's mental desolation. So, now, Fromm and Frankl must be re-found by the youth! Really they are waiting for their encounter with both! Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zolotukhina-Abolina, Elena V. A1 - Ingerleib, Mikhail B. T1 - Экзистенциальный оптимизм: условия, плюсы, проблемы [Existential Optimism: Conditions, Advantages, Problems] JF - Вопросы философии [Questions of Philosophy], No. 3 (2021), pp. 18-28. [Print ISSN 0042-8744] [doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-3-18-28] N2 - Статья посвящена феномену экзистенциального оптимизма. Авторы трактуют его как душевную установку, присущую отдельной личности и вклю¬чающую в себя положительную оценку мира, умение радоваться и волю к жизни. Экзистенциальный оптимизм не сливается с социальным оптимиз¬мом, он связан с определением индивидуальной траектории судьбы и способен помогать человеку проходить через трудные социальные обстоятель¬ства, сохраняя позитивный настрой и реализуя свои цели. Его стержнем выступает ощущение и выбор личного жизненного проекта, который существует не только в юности, но может в разных вариантах актуализироваться в любых возрастах. Авторы квалифицируют фигуру экзистенциального оптимиста с помощью понятий >продуктивности< (Э. Фромм) и >самоактуа¬лизации< (А. Маслоу), а также образа >победителя< (Э. Берн). Жизненные препятствия видятся такому человеку не только как нормальная характеристика действительности, но и как поле для игры наших сил, что приносит ему бытийную радость. В становлении подобного мироотношения боль¬шую роль играет воспитание и личный пример старших. Авторы обращаются также к теме смерти и разочарования, с которыми сталкивается любой человек, и подчеркивают, что смерть не находится в центре внимания экзистенциального оптимиста. Последней обсуждаемой в статье темой выступает тема практик >позитивного мышления<. В выводах подчеркивается, что позиция оптимиста не может быть никому навязана, а может быть лишь принята самостоятельно. N2 - The article is devoted to the phenomenon of existential optimism. The authors interpret it as a mental attitude inherent in an individual and including a positive assessment of the world, the ability to enjoy and the will to live. Existential opti¬mism does not merge with social optimism, it is associated with determining the individual trajectory of fate and is able to help a person to go through some difficult social circumstances, maintaining a positive attitude and realizing their goals. Its core is the feeling and choice of a personal life project, which exists not only in youth, but can be actualized in different ways at any age. The authors define the figure of an existential optimist using the concepts of >productivity< (E. Fromm) and >self-actualization< (A. Maslow), as well as the image of a >winner< (E. Bern). Life’s obstacles are seen by such a person not only as a normal characteristic of reality, but also as a field for the game of our forces, which brings him the joy of being. In the formation of such a world relation, ed-ucation and personal example of the elders play a great role. The authors also consider the theme of death and frustration that any person faces, and emphasize that death is not the focus of an existential optimist. The last theme discussed in the article is >positive thinking< practices. The conclusions emphasize that the position of an optimist can’t be imposed on anyone, but can only be indepen¬dently accepted. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agapov, P. V. T1 - Религия в творчестве Эриха Фромма: социально-психологические аспекты проблемы [Religion in the works of Erich Fromm: Socio-psychological aspects of the problem] JF - Вопросы политологии [Questions of Political Science], Vol. 10, No. 3 (55) (2020), pp. 724-730. [Print ISSN 2225–8922] [doi.org/10.35775/PSI.2020.55.3.003] N2 - В статье обсуждаются теоретические и методологические проблемы изучения религии в творчестве Эриха Фромма. Анализируются социальнопсихологические аспекты темы религии в работах Э. Фромма. В статье делается акцент на психоаналитический подход (социокультурный вариант Э. Фромма) к религиозной проблематики. N2 - The article discusses the theoretical and methodological problems of studying religion in the work of Erich Fromm. It analyzes the socio-psychological aspects of the theme of religion in the works of E. Fromm. The article focuses on the psychoanalytic approach (socio-cultural version of E. Fromm) to religious issues. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nikiforov, German Sergeevich A1 - Gofman, Olga Olegovna T1 - Профессиональные задачи психолога здоровья [Professional tasks of a health psychologist] JF - Организационная психология [Organizational Psychology], Vol. 10, No. 3 (2020), pp. 246-260. [Online ISSN 2312-5942] [orgpsyjournal.hse.ru/data/2020/09/28/1368912391/OrgPsy_2020_3(13)_Nikiforov-Gofman(246-260).pdf] N2 - Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Санкт-Петербург, Россия Аннотация. Во второй половине двадцатого века психология здоровья вышла на одно из лидирующих мест в общем перечне наиболее актуальных направлений развития психологической науки. Изначальная проблема, поставленная в статье, заключается в имеющем место в настоящее время рассогласовании между востребованностью психологии здоровья и дефицитом кадрового ресурса (психологов здоровья), ориентированного на разработку этого научного направления. Цель данной работы заключается в том, чтобы в соответствии с концепцией жизненного пути человека, раскрыть в первом приближении перечень тех практических задач, решение которых может входить в профессиональную компетенцию психологов здоровья в России. Представления авторов базируются на концепции здоровой личности, основные положения которой были впервые сформулированы в отечественной науке известными психиатрами и психологами С. С. Корсаковым, И. А. Сикорским, В. М. Бехтеревым, а также западными представителями гуманистической психологии Г. Олпортом, К. Роджерсом, А. Маслоу, Э. Фроммом. В рассмотрение вводятся этапы перинатального периода, дошкольный и школьный возраст, обучение в средних профессиональных и высших учебных заведениях, профессиональная деятельность и выход на пенсию. Каждый этап развития человека рассматривается авторами как самостоятельный и предполагает вариативность стратегий образа жизни в общей структуре здоровья, а значит и практик формирования здорового поведения. В статье впервые последовательно рассмотрены основные особенности и риски каждого этапа жизненного пути, определен круг профессиональных задач психолога здоровья. В конце работы ставится вопрос о вариантах профессиональной подготовки данных специалистов в высших учебных заведениях. N2 - In the second half of the twentieth century, health psychology took one of the leading positions in the general list of the most relevant areas of development of psychological science. The initial problem posed in the article is the current discrepancy between the demand for health psychology and the lack of human resources (health psychologists) focused on the development of this scientific direction. The purpose of this work is to reveal, in accordance with the concept of a person’s life path, a first approximation of the list of practical tasks, the solution of which may be included in the professional competence of health psychologists in Russia. The author's ideas are based on the concept of a healthy personality, the main provisions of which were first formulated in Russian science by famous psychiatrists and psychologists S. S. Korsakov, I. A. Sikorsky, V. M. Bekhterev, as well as western representatives of humanistic psychology G. Allport, K. Rogers, A. Maslow, and E. Fromm. There view includes the stages of the perinatal period, prеschool and school age, education in secondary vocational and higher educational institutions, professional activity and retirement. Each stage of human development is considered by the authors as an independent one and assumes the variability of lifestyle strategies in the overall structure of health, and hence the practice of forming healthy behavior. The article for the first time consistently considers the main features and risks of each stage of the life path, defines the range of professional tasks of a health psychologist. At the end of the work, the question is raised about the options for professional training of these specialists in higher education institutions. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühn, Thomas A1 - et al., T1 - Über dieses Buch – Der Subjekte alltägliches Ringen um Selbstfindung im Spannungsfeld zwischen Selbstermächtigung und Unterwerfung (unter Mitarbeit von Sabine Beckmann, Marina Mohr, Patrick Ehnis und Katrin Voigt) JF - T. Kühn et al., Selbst im Alltag. Qualitative Sekundäranalysen zu Identitätskonstruktionen im Wechselverhältnis von Normierung und Selbstentwurf, Wiesbaden (Springer VS) 2020, pp. 1-15. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Zur Methode der Analytischen Sozialpsychologie JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen. Ein Lesebuch (2020a-000), pp. 018-025 [= 1930a, GA VI, pp. 13-17]. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Zum Gefühl der Ohnmacht JF - E. Fromm, Lieben wir das Leben noch? Macht und Ohnmacht der Liebe, hg. und eingeleitet von Rainer Funk, München (dtv) 2020, pp. 140-176. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xie, Hua A1 - Gong, Wenwen T1 - Women’s Self-reconstruction with Fromm’s Freedom Concept——Taking >The Grass is Singing< and >The Handmaid’s Tale< as Examples [弗洛姆自由观下的女性自我重建——以《野草在歌唱》和《使女的故事》] JF - Journal of Nanchang Hangkong University (Social Sciences) [南昌航空大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 2 (2020), pp. 66-70. N2 - 《野草在歌唱》和《使女的故事》均揭露了父权制社会下的女性生活状态。弗洛姆将自由分为积极自由和消极自由,旨在从弗洛姆自由观的视角解读两部作品中女性所面临的困境,通过对比玛丽和奥芙福瑞德在困境中的自我重建方式,得出玛丽追求消极自由导致自我救赎失败,奥芙福瑞德追求积极自由而完成自我救赎的结论。从弗洛姆自由观的视角为陷入困境的女性提供有效自我重建方式,启发女性通过爱和创造性的劳动以追求积极自由来摆脱自身的困境,实现自我救赎。 N2 - Female’s living condition in the patriarchal society is revealed in >The Grass is Singing< and >The Handmaid’s Tale<. The freedom is divided into positive freedom and negative freedom by Fromm. The women’s living plight in the two works is interpreted from Fromm’s concept of freedom. By comparing the self-reconstruction ways of Mary and Offred in the dilemma, it can be concluded that Mary’s self-reconstruction fails due to her pursuit of negative freedom and Offred’s self-reconstruction succeeds thanks to her pursuit of positive freedom. The effective self-salvation ways for females who are caught in plight are provided from the perspective of Fromm’s freedom concept, which is helpful for women’s pursuit of positive freedom through love and creative labor to get rid of their own plight to achieve self-salvation. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Wissenschaft vom Menschen. Ein Lesebuch, hg. und eingeleitet von Rainer Funk, Giessen (Psychosozial-Verlag, Reihe >Erich Fromm psychosozial<) 2020. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lorenzen, Sünje T1 - Wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen und Risikoprojekte in Unternehmungen. Ein wirtschaftspsychologischer Diskussionsbeitrag. Hamburgisches Weltwirtschafts-Institut, No. 124, Hamburg 2020, 23 pp. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Wirkungen der psychoanalytischen Therapie JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen. Ein Lesebuch (2020a-000), pp. 172-177 [= 1991d [1974], GA XII, pp. 293–296]. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakai, Avihu T1 - Wilhelm Reich and the Sexual Roots of Fascism JF - Jewish Exiles’ Psychological Interpretations of Nazism, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2020, pp. 11-48. [Online ISBN978-3-030-54070-8] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54070-8_2] N2 - >The Mass Psychology of Fascism< (1933) was the first psychological inquiry into Fascism. In this work the psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957) explores how Fascists came into power, and explain their rise as a symptom of sexual repression. It was followed by other psychological interpretations of Nazism by Jewish exiles from the Third Reich, from Erich Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< (1942), to Siegfried Kracauer’s >From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film< (1947), and Erich Neumann’s >Depth Psychology and a New Ethic< (1949). Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stein, Richard A. A1 - Ometa, Oana T1 - When public health crises collide: Social disparities and COVID-19 JF - The International Journal of Clinical Practice, Vol. 74, No. 9 (2020). [Online ISSN 1742-1241] [doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13524] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Har Wahyuningsih, Hardiyanti A1 - Purnomo, Bambang T1 - Watak Egois sajrone Cerita Sambung >Lodan saka Segara Kidul< Anggitane Kukuh S. Wibowo miturut Teori Kapribaden Erich Fromm [Selfish Character in the Sequel Story >Lodan Saka Segara Kidul< by Kukuh S. Wibowo according to Erich Fromm’s Personality Theory], Article, S-1 Regional Language and Literature Education, Faculty of Language and Arts, Surabaya State University, Surabaya, Indonesia 2020, 14 pp. [ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/baradha/article/view/33965/30304] [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - Sesambungan antarane sastra lan psikologi, ana maneka faktor kang wigati. Kapisan, sawijine sastra kudu nggambarake kakuwatan lan kapinteran pangriptane. Kaloro, karya sastra kudu nduweni kautaman sing babagan gagrag lan basa minangka piranti kanggo nyuntak pikiran lan rasane pangripta. Katelu, prakara gaya, struktur lan tema karya sastra kudu ana sesambungane karo elemen-elemen kang nggambarake pikiran lan rasane pawongan tartamtu. Panliten kanthi objek cerita sambung >Lodan Saka Segara Kidul< anggitane Kukuh S. Wibowo bakal nintingi prakara cacah telu. Kanthi ringkes underane panliten bisa dirumusake: (1) Tuwuhe sipat seneng nekad sajrone cerita sambung (2) Faktor-faktor kang njalari sipat seneng nekad lan (3) Problem saka sipat seneng nekad. Panliten iki nggunakake pendekatan Psikologi sosial teori kapribaden Erich Fromm. Fromm njupuk sikap tengah ing sadar nandhesake luwih sethithik babagan motivasi sadar lan saingan amarga salah sijine ciri unik manungsa yaiku kesadaran. Manungsa ora kewan amarga padha bisa nggawe alesan, mbayangno masa depan, lan kanthi sengaja nyoba nyedhaki tujuane urip. Nanging, miturut Fromm, yen kesadaran diri minangka campuran saka akeh wong sing nindhes wong-wong mau kanggo karakter dhasar supaya ora kuwatir. Ing masalah sosial, Fromm nerangake manawa manungsa bisa nduwe pengaruh luwih saka sejarah, budaya, lan masyarakat tinimbang biologi. N2 - There are many important factors in the relationship between literature and psychology. First, a piece of literature should reflect the power and intelligence of its creator. Second, literary works must have the virtue of language and language as a tool to express the author's thoughts and feelings. Third, the matter of style, structure and theme of literary works must be related to the elements that reflect the thoughts and feelings of a certain person. Research with the object of the story >Lodan Saka Segara Kidul< by Kukuh S. Wibowo will look at three issues. Briefly, the research can be summarized as follows: (1) The growth of stubbornness in the story (2) Factors that cause stubbornness and (3) The problem of stubbornness. This study uses the Social Psychology approach of Erich Fromm's personality theory. Fromm takes a central stance on conscious emphasizing less on conscious motivation and competition because one of the unique characteristics of humans is consciousness. Humans are not animals because they can reason, imagine the future, and deliberately try to reach the goal of life. However, according to Fromm, that self-awareness is a mixture of many people who oppress them for their basic character so as not to worry. In social issues, Fromm explains that humans can be influenced more by history, culture, and society than by biology. [English translation: www.google translator, 12/23] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Was ist seelische Gesundheit? JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen. Ein Lesebuch (2020a-000), pp. 150-152 [= 1955a, GA IV, pp. 52–56 passim]. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid Noerr, Gunzelin T1 - Warum wir so handeln wollen, wie wir handeln müssen. Erich Fromm und das Institut für Sozialforschung JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 24 / 2020, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 041-057. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d24/2020c Y1 - 2020 VL - d24/2020c ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kurz, Henning T1 - Warum Erich Fromm in jedes vhs-Programm gehört JF - Dis.kurs. Das Magazin der Volkshochschulen, No. 1, 2020, pp.22-23. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris T1 - Voices of psychoanalytic education. Editorial T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 4, 2020), pp. 205-206. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Vita activa JF - E. Fromm, Lieben wir das Leben noch? Macht und Ohnmacht der Liebe, hg. und eingeleitet von Rainer Funk, München (dtv) 2020, pp. 219-231. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Visionen einer seelisch gesunden Gesellschaft JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen. Ein Lesebuch (2020a-000), pp. 152-158 [= 1991e [1953], GA XI, pp. 257–260 and 264–266]. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Verdrängung, Widerstand, Übertragung JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen. Ein Lesebuch (2020a-000), pp. 109-117 [= 1974a, GA VIII, pp. 80–85]. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Włodarczyk, Rafał T1 - Utopia szkoły, nieposłuszeństwo i przekład. Dwa biblijne mity w odczytaniach Ericha Fromma i George’a Steinera [Utopia of School, Disobedience, and Translation Two Biblical Myths in the Interpretation of Erich Fromm and George Steiner] JF - Showanna, No. 2 (2020), pp. 1-14. [ISSN 2353-9682] doi.org/10.31261/CHOWANNA.2020.55.04] N2 - Można przyjąć, że dwa biblijne mity – o wyjściu Adama i Ewy z ogrodu Eden oraz o budowniczych wieży Babel – są interesującymi ekspresjami wyobraźni utopijnej, ponieważ opowiadają o dwóch miejscach, w których na dwa odmienne sposoby realizowano projekty wystarczająco doskonałego porządku społecznego. Współcześnie jednym z takich miejsc, które możemy rozumieć jako niejednoznaczny efekt realizacji utopii epoki rewolucji przemysłowej, jest szkoła – przestrzeń edukacji zaplanowana jako ważna część projektu wystarczająco doskonałego porządku społecznego. Dwa oryginalne odczytania – autorstwa Ericha Fromma i George’a Steinera – przywołanych biblijnych mitów posłużą wzbogaceniu o nowe wątki i podejścia dyskusji o kondycji współczesnej szkoły oraz dyskursów pedagogiki krytycznej czy pedagogiki oporu i pedagogiki hermeneutycznej. N2 - It can be assumed that two biblical myths – about Adam and Eve leaving the Garden of Eden and about the builders from Babel – are interesting expression of the utopian imagination, because these myths narrate about two places where projects of sufficiently perfect social order were implemented in two different ways. At present, the school is one of the places that could be understood as the ambiguous effect of an implemented utopia of the industrial revolution era; the school is an education space designed as an important part of the project of a sufficiently perfect social order. Two original readings of the mentioned biblical myths – by Erich Fromm and George Steiner – shall contribute some new themes and outlooks to the discussion of the condition of the modern school and the discourses of critical pedagogy or the pedagogy of resistance and hermeneutic pedagogy. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Therapeutisches Bezogensein als >direkte Begegnung< JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen. Ein Lesebuch (2020a-000), pp. 177-183 [= 1992g [1959], GA XII, pp. 221–227 passim]. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scharff, Jill Savege A1 - Sehon, Caroline M. T1 - The use of a simple writing task to enhance psychoanalytic education JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 4, 2020), pp. 215-223. N2 - The authors describe a simple recurrent writing task called the >Two Page Paper Exercise,< designed to enhance candidates’ learning of analytic theory and technique. They set this task in the context of other analytic institutes’ writing programs and show that this exercise is unique. Their educational philosophy is that, as candidates confront multiple perspectives in contemporary psychoanalysis, this writing task develops their ability to conceptualize, reflect on their learning, integrate affect and cognition, and express their ideas to others in written form and in discussion with peers. The candidate group develops cohesion that reduces writing anxiety. As individuals they develop a writing habit that supports the eventual duty to develop the field of psychoanalysis through publishing. The authors present raw data from candidates’ writing for readers to make their own assessment of the usefulness of the task as a measure of candidates’ integration of learning, development of analytic sensibility and synthetic capacity, and communication of experience and ideas to others. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Guoping T1 - The Use of >Alienation< in Fromm's Humanistic Concept of Freedom (2020) [弗洛姆人道主义自由观对>异化<的运用] JF - Theoretic Observation [理论观察], No. 12 (2020), pp. 64-66. N2 - 弗洛姆结合弗洛伊德精神分析学说和马克思主义的思想,在其新人道主义思想中,提出了人的发展的最终目的是实现自由。马克思的异化概念在弗洛姆自由观中起到重要作用,弗洛姆实现自由的方式最主要的是解决四方面的异化问题:理性异化、意识形态异化、消费异化以及政治异化。解决这四方面的问题对于最终建立健全的人和健全的社会、实现自由具有重要作用,也是对马克思>异化<概念的继承和发展。 N2 - Fromm combined Freud's psychoanalysis and Marxist thought, in his new humanistic thought, put forward that the ultimate goal of human development is to achieve freedom. Marx's concept of alienation plays an important role in Fromm's view of freedom. Fromm's way of achieving freedom is to solve four aspects of alienation: rational alienation, ideological alienation, consumption alienation and political alienation. Solving these four problems has an important role in establishing a sound human and a sound society and realizing freedom, and it is also the inheritance and development of Marx's concept of >alienation<. Translation: Google translator, 6/2021] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Carla T1 - The unknown and the horrific in the appearance of evil: On the borderline of presence and absence in transference and countertransference relationships JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 3, 2020), pp. 148-158. N2 - Psychotherapists currently find themselves considering the extent to which sociopolitical and economic issues in a globalized world can affect the evolutionary nature of the psychic organizations sustaining the individual. It seems we are mostly witnessing a weakening of the psychic structures that contain and maintain a sufficient and constant level of integration and unity of sense within the individual–world relationship. Patients frequently come into analysis with invalidating states of anxiety, panic attacks, and the explosion of sudden psychotic crises, accompanied by experiences of depersonalization and derealization. What I would like to examine in depth relates to the influence of the trans-subjective in us as psychotherapists, committed to dealing with psychic disorders that involve us as persons emotionally and intellectually present in our times, with a sense of awareness and responsibility. The quality of the treatment depends, among other things, on the effective elaboration of fullness and emptiness that one generates in the resonance emerging from the process of transference and countertransference. The word, the presence, and the absence, physically and mentally, of the psychoanalyst and the patient are recognized as those activators of potential transformation which are an appropriate form of medicine at an analyst’s disposal during the process of changing a pathogenic state. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Imbasciati, Antonio T1 - The unconscious and consciousness of the memory: A contribution from neuroscience JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 2, 2020), pp. 115-124. N2 - By integrating data from general psychology and perinatal clinical psychology with neuroscience and psychoanalysis, the author discusses the relations between memory and consciousness, the aim being a unitary definition of the concept of unconscious. Nobody has a brain that can be the same as any other person's: the biology of memory lies in neural networks that have been constructed in the brain of that specific person by their experience. From the fetal stage, each brain progressively learns its own individual functions during its relational neuropsychic development. The author underlines how the continuous emotional biological work of the brain, together with a person's entire relational life, produces the construction of the whole functional and individual mindbrain. The whole construction is memory and this is unconscious; indeed it may be the true unconscious. From the continuous silent work of the mindbrain of a person, some forms of conscious level may emerge in his individual's subjectivity: some functioning of mindbrain makes what an individual person can consciously remember. The unconscious is only what appears in some form in an analyst's consciousness, at some specific moment in his relationship with a patient, and which the analyst translates into some form of his verbal interpretation. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sun, Jianli T1 - The Study of Fromm’s Marxist Alienation Theory, Master thesis, Politics, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2020. N2 - Erich Fromm was an internationally renowned social psychologist and philosopher of the twentieth century. In order to analyze the social phenomenon of capitalism, he spent his life trying to combine Marxism with Freudian Psychoanalysis. Fromm hopes to find the master key to realize the spiritual freedom and perfect life of human beings by repeatedly questioning the various realistic dilemmas, conflicts and cultural crises of human existence in the western society. Starting from the realistic dilemma faced by the capitalist society, he introduced Freud’s psychoanalysis theory to the micro level of alienation, formed the theory of alienation with its own characteristics, and enriched the connotation of Marx’s alienation thought. Marx has pointed out clearly that the alienation of real life and the alienation of consciousness constitute two representative areas of alienation in human life. Starting from the most basic practical activity-labor, Marx develops his theory of alienation and discusses the alienation of the external world or real life. Fromm, on the other hand, made a supplementary study on alienation from the perspective of internal concept or subjective consciousness. And through the comprehensive analysis and criticism of the capitalist society, put forward the psychological revolution theory and social reform plan to save the human being and establish a sound society. In modern society, with the continuous development of economy, science and technology, people’s ultimate goal of social development is to better meet their own needs for development, and people’s awareness of increasingly prominent social subject status has been constantly enhanced. But at the same time, human existence also faces many new problems. How to effectively solve the dilemma of human development has become the primary task of contemporary society. Fromm’s theory of alienation actively focuses on the living conditions of human beings, attaches importance to the self-realization and creative development of human beings, and tries to find a way for the sound development of human beings.– Therefore, the study of Fromm’s theory of alienation is undoubtedly of reference significance to solve the survival crisis of modern people. Based on the comprehensive analysis and interpretation of Fromm’s dissimilation theory, this paper, on the basis of clarifying its theoretical connotation, captures its theoretical characteristics and makes a scientific analysis of its achievements and shortcomings. Finally, combining with the background of globalization and the reality of the whole social development, it points out the contemporary value of its theory, especially the practical significance to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jie, Min T1 - The Significance of Fromm’s Anthropological Thought in the Era of Big Data, Master thesis, Philosophy, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 2020. N2 - The current era is often referred to as the era of big data. The development of information technology makes almost everything related to data. Different fields have different data. Everyone is generating data, and everyone lives in the data. While people enjoy the convenience of life brought by big data, the spiritual confusion has not been resolved. This article analyzes and thinks about Fromm’s human thoughts, and takes this as his starting point to reflect on the spiritual dilemma of people in the era of big data.– This article first gives a brief overview of the current research situation of Fromm’s human thoughts at home and abroad, and puts forward his own research goals. The first chapter makes a brief analysis on the background and sources of Fromm’s humanistic thought. The second and third chapters make a concrete analysis of Fromm’s anthropological thoughts: the second chapter focuses on the analysis of Fromm’s theories about human existence, and the third chapter focuses on his theory of social personality and social unconsciousness A brief explanation, and pointed out that these his theories are still applicable to the analysis of the social character and unconsciousness of people in the era of big data. Chapter 4 mainly clarifies the basic concepts of big data, and the reason why Fromm’s ideas are still valuable in today’s big data era. During these forty years, the major contradictions in Western society have not fundamentally changed, the living conditions of people have not improved much, and their capabilities have not been fundamentally exerted.– Combining this reality, this article takes Fromm’s humanistic thoughts as the starting point, deeply analyzes the morbid human phenomenon in the current era, and analyzes the mental dilemma of people in the era of big data from four aspects of catering to data, interfering with data, relying on data and possessing data. These pathological phenomena are also the contemporary portrayal of Fromm's ideas about the dichotomy and unproductive society of human existence 40 years ago. Similarly, his solution has similarities with Marx’s plan, and it has some reference significance. Based on this understanding, the author affirmed that Fromm’s anthropological thinking still has its significance in this era of big data. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Löwy, Michael T1 - The secular prophet of religious socialism: The Erich Fromm’s early writings (1922 – 1930) [O profeta secular do socialismo religioso: os primeiros escritos (1922-1930) de Erich Fromm] JF - Tempo Social, Vol. 32, No. 2 (2020), pp. 21-31. [Online ISSN 1809-4554] [doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2020.168672] N2 - There exists a German-Jewish cultural discourse from the early 20th century that stands in dynamic tension between spiritual and material, sacred and secular, beyond the usual static dichotomies. Several key Jewish thinkers have sought to recover spiritual meaning, in direct interaction with the profane. Under different ways they developed a process of simultaneous secularization and sacralization, in a sort of >dialectic< combination of both. The first common characteristic of these authors is their deep attachment to the German romantic culture, with its ambivalence towards modernity, and its desperate attempt at re-enchanting the world through a return to past spiritual forms. This article will demonstrate these relationships through the work of young Erich Fromm. N2 - Há uma produção cultural germano-judaica do início do século xx que se encontra em tensão dinâmica entre elementos espirituais e material, sagrado e secular, para além das habituais dicotomias estáticas. Vários pensadores importantes de origem judaica dessa fase têm buscado recuperar o sentido espiritual e sua interação direta com as questões do profano. Sob diferentes formas eles desenvolveram um processo de secularização e sacralização simultânea, numa espécie de combinação >dialética< de ambas. A primeira característica comum desses autores é o seu profundo apego à cultura romântica alemã, com sua ambivalência em relação à modernidade, e sua tentativa desesperada de reencantar o mundo através de um retorno às formas espirituais do passado. Este artigo procura demonstrar essas relações através das obras de juventude de Eric Fromm. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yaoyu T1 - The Research on Fromm’s “Liberation of the Mind” [弗洛姆人的解放思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Theory, Hubei Academy of Social Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2020. N2 - 新兴科技带来了机器自动化工具,不断地缩短了人类的必要劳动时间量,技术理性使人类过上了更具人格尊严的物质生活。人类开启了一个>更富裕、更舒适、更享受<的新纪元。但与物质丰裕相伴随的,人的生存却遭受到前所未有的压抑。在建构新的工具系统过程中,人类毫不顾及技术理性的威胁,甚至把技术理性作为生存追求的最高目标。人的创造能力被导向到征服自然和利用自然,为人类创造享受性物质的方向去了,从而也使人类自身沦为工具技术系统的>附庸物<。在技术理性的作用下,机械工具高度自动化,工人的分工不断细小化,导致社会群体也不断>原子化<,人成为了机械工具的>原子部件<。人的主体性日益弱化,有时人的自我体验到:自己是一件>商品<,目标是尽力使自身更具有>商品属性<,具有>使用价值的可售性<,这时人的理性和人格必定异化了。人们总是追求与大多数人意志一致性。人们没有自我尊严感,日常情绪表现为恐惧、焦虑或疑虑、特别渴望得到他人的认可。人们己经同自身分离或疏离了,转而崇拜自己创造的产品和物质技术力量。本文以弗洛姆对资本主义社会中人的境况批判为基点。首先,揭示资本主义社会中人的生存境遇的异化。人与人之间充满无情的竞争、人被当作工具而利用、人遭受来自权威的压抑,并且在技术理性的驱动下,权威变种为更加隐蔽的控制力量。人的劳动异化了,劳动的成果不再属于劳动者,而成为劳动者的对立物。其次,论述弗洛姆对社会性格的批判。包括人的理性不断异化,人日益抽象化和量化、民主的异化,使人无论在任何条件下不得不顺从、人的物质欲望的异化。再次,探究弗洛姆对资本主义社会极端伦理的批判,他批判了人的极度自私利己主义、人的异化良心、人的扭曲享乐价值倾向、人在资本主义社会中对极端信仰追崇、人的功利主义道德观等内容。弗洛姆正是在对资本主义社会的不良现象批判后,提出人通往健全社会并实现人的自由解放之路的。人摆脱异化后人格尊严得以回归,人应该从经济、政治、文化三方面获得相应的解放,最终实现建构健全社会与人的自由解放的有机统一。 N2 - New technologies have brought automated tools that are constantly shortening the time necessary for human labor, and technological rationality enables human beings to live a more dignified life. Mankind has ushered in a new era of >greater affluence, greater comfort, and greater enjoyment.< But what followed is an unprecedented repression. In the process of constructing a new tool system, human beings ignore the threat of technological rationality and even regard it as the highest goal of survival. The creative ability of human beings is directed to conquer nature and utilize nature to create enjoyable materials for human beings, which makes them become the >appendage> of tool technology system. In the effect of technical rationality, mechanical tools are highly automated, and the division of labor becomes increasingly tiny, leading to the >atomization< of social groups, and human beings become the >atomic parts< of mechanical tools. Human subjectivity is increasingly weakened. For example, sometimes people realize that they are >commodities<, and the goal is to make themselves have >commodity attributes< and >saleability of use value<. At this time, human rationality and personality must be alienated. In terms of will, people always seek to be consistent with the majority. People have no self-respect, and their daily emotions are manifested by fear, anxiety or doubt, and a special desire for approval from others. People have become alienated from themselves and begin to worship the products and material technologies they have created. This paper is based on Fromm’s critique of human condition in capitalist society. First, it reveals the alienation of the human beings’ living environment in the capitalist society. People are full of ruthless competition, people are used as tools, people suffer from the repression of authority, and driven by technical rationality, authority becomes a hidden control force. Human labor is alienated, the fruits of labor no longer belong to laborers, but become the opposite of laborers. Secondly, it discusses Fromm’s criticism of social character, including the alienation of human rationality, the increasingly abstract and quantitative of human, the alienation of democracy and the alienation of human material desire. Third, it explores Fromm’s critique of extreme ethics in capitalist society. He criticizes man’s egoism, man’s alienation, man’s hedonic value tendency, man’s utilitarian morality and man’s extreme worship of faith in the capitalist society. Fromm criticizes the unhealthy phenomenon of the capitalist society, and proposes the road in which people lead to a sound society and realize their freedom and liberation. After getting rid of alienation, human dignity can be returned and people can be liberated in economy, politics and culture. Finally, people will realize the organic unity of constructing a sound society and people’s freedom and liberation. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Minchev, Plamen T1 - The Reception of Erich Fromm’s Ideas in Bulgaria – Part 1 JF - Psychological Research, Vol. 23, pp.167-176. N2 - This article presents a research on the reception of Erich Fromm’s ideas in Bulgaria. The criticism of Fromm’s ideas is presented and an attempt is made to evaluate it according to its context – ideological, psychological and philosophical. The author aims at explaining the theoretical and substantive side of the criticism. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asatulloev, Inomjon T1 - The Philosophical Anthropology of Erich Fromm JF - Cross-cultural Communication, Vol.16, No. 1 (2020), pp. 5-9. [Online ISSN 1923-6700] [doi.org/10.3968/11550] N2 - The article analyzes the philosophy of Erich Fromm, the human heart, goodness and evil inclinations, sadism, the problems of freedom of worship, human destructiveness, various forms of aggression, contradictory necrophilia and biophilia. In the philosophy of Erich Fromm, the heart of the human soul is shown by the desire for destructive desires and the uplifting desires – love for humanity and freedom. Our goal is to analyze the souls of human minds based on the works of the intellectuals. From the Erich Fromm heart concept, the robotic personality and the character of the stranger are disclosed. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Suhang T1 - The Paradox of Freedom and Its Utopia – A Textual Interpretation of >Escape from Freedom< [自由的悖论及其乌托邦——《逃避自由》的文本阐释] JF - Modern and Ancient Culture [今古文创], No. 4 (2020), pp. 27-30. N2 - 弗洛姆针对第二次世界大战的发生,将弗洛伊德的精神学说和马克思理论相结合,弗洛姆认为自由是近现代欧美资本主义国家追求的核心概念,寄托了人们摆脱束缚的需求。自由是人的本质,它是随着个体化的加深而不断发展。在其发展过程中,一方面是个体力量的增长,另一方面则是孤独感的加深。这使自由呈现出一种悖论:获得自由意味着失去安全感和归属感,安全感和归属感的获得又使个体失去自由。人在两难困境中会逃避自由,并存在着逃避自由的三种机制——权威主义、破坏欲、机械趋同。弗洛姆认为实现积极自由既能使人保持个性与完整性,又能建立与世界的联系,从而获得一种安全感和归属感,但其提倡以爱和劳动来实现积极自由则带有乌托邦的色彩。 N2 - In response to the Second World War, Fromm combined Freudian spirituality with Marxian theory. Fromm argued that freedom was a central concept pursued in modern European and American capitalist countries, and that it underpinned people's need to be free from bondage. Freedom is the essence of the human being, and it evolves with the deepening of individuation. In the process of its development, there is an increase in individual power on the one hand, and a deepening sense of isolation on the other. This presents freedom as a paradox: the acquisition of freedom means the loss of security and belonging, and the acquisition of security and belonging leads to the loss of freedom. The dilemma is that people avoid freedom, and there are three mechanisms for doing so - authoritarianism, destructiveness, and mechanical convergence. Fromm believes that the achievement of positive freedom allows one to maintain one's individuality and integrity while establishing a sense of security and belonging to the world, but his advocacy of love and labor to achieve positive freedom has utopian overtones. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lundskow, George T1 - The Necessity of Progressive Religion to Foment Progressive Change: A Frommian Argument JF - K. Durkin and J. Braune (Eds.), Erich Fromm's Critical Theory. Hope, Humanism, and the Future, New York (Bloomsbury) 2020, pp. 52-71. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sauka, Anne T1 - The Nature of Our Becoming: Genealogical Perspectives JF - Le foucaldien, Vol. 6 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 1–30. N2 - In the light of Philipp Sarasin's work in Darwin und Foucault: Genealogie und Geschichte im Zeitalter der Biologie, the article delineates a genealogically articulated naturally produced culture and a cultured nature and discusses the genealogical implications of a carnal, becoming self in a world that could rightly be justified >as an aesthetical phenomenon.< The article demonstrates the historicity and processual materiality as a conceptual platform for a combination of the notions of experienced carnality and a socially constructed body, demonstrating such a historically embedded carnal body as a binding agent for the >social constructivist< and >biologist< approaches in sciences. Thus, the article builds a framework for the articulation of senseful, processual materiality on the backdrop of a nature-culture continuum via genealogy, suggesting the necessity for change of tone in the communication of human and life sciences via the understanding of a culturally endowed biology. Y1 - 2020 UR - https://foucaldien.net/articles/10.16995/lefou.71/ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dwi_Kristianti, Aprilla A1 - Farida Tantiani, Farah T1 - The Meaning of Love and Love Orientation of Widows Based on Erich Fromm Perspective (A Study at St. Petrus Paulus Church, Wlingi, East Java, Indonesia) JF - World Conference on Gender Studies, KnE Social Sciences, pp. 303–311. [DOI 10.18502/kss.v4i10.7418] N2 - This study aims to explore the meaning of love and love orientation of Catholic widows based on Erich Fromm’s theory. The research model used qualitative research with descriptive phenomenology, based on interviews among four widow members of St Peter Paulus church. This interview data was analysed using thematic analysis techniques. The results showed the participants interpreted love as an effort to give what they have. Participant’s love orientation tends to be stronger towards children and God. Meanwhile, other orientations were also found namely grandchildren, nieces, neighbours, deceased spouses, friends and themselves. Productive love is experienced primarily in relationships with children, God, and people in their extended social spheres. Relationships with partners and themselves become the least dominant relationships in the life of a widow and less interpreted with productive love. Based on the results of this study it is advisable to the church to add a counselling for their member who has loss their partner (spouse) so that they regain a sense of self-worth. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Shuang T1 - The Loneliness Theme of Kazuo Ishiguro’s Representative Works [论石黑一雄作品中的孤独主题], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2020 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 石黑一雄作为英国当代小说家中的重要一员,凭借其作品深刻的思想内涵和独特的艺术风格在英国文坛占据重要一席,又因其日裔英籍的身份,石黑一雄与奈保尔和拉什迪并称为>英国文坛移民三雄<,并荣获2017年的诺贝尔文学奖,其颁奖词为:石黑一雄的小说,以其巨大的情感力量,发掘了隐藏在我们与世界联系的幻觉之下的深渊。孤独是人类存在的状态,关于>孤独<主题的追问与反思一直是世界作家创作的重要母题之一。日裔英籍的石黑一雄因其特殊的文化背景及成长经历,促使他对>孤独<有着独特的自我体验和深刻独到的理解,并且通过细腻的笔触在作品中生动地展现出来。石黑一雄的作品以人物经历为主要表现对象,描写了人类个体对自我存在缺失的内心恐惧,深刻表现了匿名权威下人类深陷孤独的精神状态,同时在其孤独书写中更传达出人类对孤独强烈的反抗意识。本篇论文主要围绕石黑一雄的四部作品,即《浮世画家》、《上海孤儿》、《无可慰藉》及《被掩埋的巨人》,并以艾瑞克·弗洛姆的孤独理论为支撑,运用文本细读法和归纳总结法,探究石黑一雄对>孤独<这一主题的追问和反思。绪论部分介绍了石黑一雄小说研究的现状,对艾瑞克·弗洛姆的孤独理论进行梳理并阐释选题的意义与局限。第一章讨论了石黑一雄笔下孤独人物的类型:始终无法进入社会的边缘人、被社会丢弃的多余人、记忆缺失导致缺少文化身份的无根者,基于三种不同类型的孤独人分析石黑一雄小说中孤独的本质。第二章主要在弗洛姆孤独理论的视角下。讨论石黑一雄笔下人物的孤独成因。家庭纽带断裂导致个体无法顺利成长;社会身份缺失让个体难以寻觅自己的社会位置;人无法同病态的社会正常地产生联系;匿名权威将个体同化使其丧失自我。石黑一雄表明人类与社会缺少本质联系,是导致人类个体普遍的孤独的根本原因。第三章从哲学层面分析人类孤独的源头,即个体缺少自我意义。同时分析弗洛姆提出>爱<作为对抗孤独的手段在石黑一雄小说中的体现,以及在>爱<难以获得的情况下,人类如何通过自身的行动与孤独和解。结语部分在总结全文的基础上,指出石黑一雄有意将孤独主题贯穿于自己的整个创作过程,不仅为了揭示现代人所面临孤独的生存困境,也是为同样站在孤独十字路口不知何去何从的人们走向积极自由提供参考。 N2 - Kazuo Ishiguro as a key member of the contemporary British novelist, with its profound thought connotation and the unique style of art works in English literature occupy the important one seat, Due to his Japanese and British identity, Kazuo Ishiguro and Naipaul and Rushdee is known as the >Three Heroes of British Immigrants in the Literary World< and won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature. His prize was: Ishiguro’s novel, with its huge emotional power, explores the abyss hidden under the illusion of our connection with the world. Loneliness is the state of human existence. Questioning and reflecting on the subject of >loneliness< has always been one of the important motifs in the creation of world writers. Because of his special cultural background and growth experience, the Japanese-British Kazuo Ishiguro urged him to have a unique self-experience and profound understanding of >solitude<, and showed it vividly in the works through delicate brushwork. Ishiguro’s novels take character experience as the main object of expression, describing the inner fear of human beings about the lack of self, and profoundly expressing the lonely mental state of human beings under anonymous authority, but also expresses in the lonely writing that human beings strongly resist consciousness against loneliness. This thesis focuses on the four representative novels of Kazuo Ishiguro, namely >An Artist of the Floating World<, >When We Were Orphans<, >The Unconsoled< and >The Buried Giant<, and uses Erich Fromm’s loneliness theory as Support, using textual reading method and inductive summary method, to explore Ishiguro Kazuo’s questioning and reflection on the theme of >solitude<. The introduction introduces the status quo of Kazuo Ishiguro’s research on novels, combs Erich Fromm’s loneliness theory and explains the significance and limitations of the topic.– The first chapter discusses the types of lonely characters in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novels: marginal people who have always been unable to enter society, redundant people who have been discarded by society, and rootless people who lack cultural identity due to lack of memory. Based on three different types of lonely people, the author analyzes the nature of loneliness in Ishiguro’s novels.– The second chapter mainly discusses the causes of loneliness in Kazuo Ishiguro’s characters from the perspective of Fromm’s loneliness theory. The rupture of family ties causes individuals to fail to grow smoothly; the lack of social identities makes it difficult for individuals to find their own social position; a sick society cannot connect with people normally; and anonymous authorities assimilate individuals and lose themselves. It is revealed that Kazuo Ishiguro conveys that the lack of essential connection between human beings and society is the root cause of the general loneliness of human individuals.– The third chapter analyzes the origin of human loneliness from the philosophical perspective, that is, the individual’s lack of self-existence. Meanwhile, it analyzes how Fromm proposes that love, as a means to fight against loneliness, is reflected in Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel, and how human beings can reconcile and coexist with loneliness through their own actions when >love< is hard to obtain. – The conclusion, on the basis of summarizing the whole text, points out that Kazuo Ishiguro intentionally runs the theme of loneliness through his entire creative process, not only to reveal the plight of modern people facing loneliness, but also to provide a reference for people who are also at the crossroads of loneliness and do not know where to go. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vanni, Fabio T1 - The labor of fragility: Malaise in the natives of the new millennium JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 3, 2020), pp. 164-168. N2 - In this study we collocate adolescence within a broader and more present-day scenario than has been the case in psychological and psychoanalytic literature in recent years. Our analysis of this evolutionary passage and its malaise includes contextual and other aspects that condition its real development. We consider the features of contemporary Western society and naturally place them within an increasingly planetary vision of the subject, given that the culture pervading the Western world, although complex, appears to be sufficiently uniform with some specific aspects. We propose a contemporary interpretation of the developmental process of the second decade of life and the forms of malaise it can produce. In this respect, two adolescent conditions are emblematic: self-closure and anorexiform eating disorders. These conditions express paradigmatically some characteristics of subjective adolescent malaise. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zheng, Yihan A1 - Qi, Tao T1 - The Imbalance Amid Social Upheavals – A Reconsideration of >Small Town Freaks< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Theory of Alienation [社会巨变下的失衡——弗洛姆异化理论视角下再读《小城畸人》] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Huainan Normal University [淮南师范学院学报], No. 3 (2020), pp. 81-85, 112. N2 - 从弗洛姆的异化理论出发,结合社会历史语境,对《小城畸人》进行再解读,发掘小说背后潜藏的社会文化因素。论文主张,有必要将安德森在小说中塑造的畸人形象,视为20世纪初美国社会压抑绝望的生存状态的一个缩影。具体而言,经济上,工业化造成了个体物欲的膨胀和生存价值的消失;政治上,资本主义的壮大使社会等级分化和阶级压迫日益严重;意识形态上,物质主义和个人主义的肆虐导致信仰缺失,人际关系疏离。社会陷入普遍焦躁不安的情绪,这些因素则共同造就了孤立无助的边缘化畸人。小说反映了对现实的无奈和对过去的缅怀,对现代社会发展极具参考价值与警示作用,值得我们进行更深入的思考和探究。 N2 - The thesis is based on Fromm's theory of alienation and the socio-historical context to reinterpret >Small Town Freaks< and to discover the underlying socio-cultural factors behind the novel. The thesis argues that it is necessary to see Anderson's portrayal of the freaks in the novel as a microcosm of the repressed and desperate state of existence in early twentieth-century American society. Specifically, economically, industrialization caused the expansion of individual materialistic desires and the disappearance of survival values; politically, the growth of capitalism led to increasing social stratification and class oppression; ideologically, the rampant materialism and individualism led to the loss of faith and the alienation of interpersonal relationships. A general feeling of anxiety and anxiety in society has created isolated and marginalized people. The novel reflects a sense of helplessness and remembrance of the past, and is a great reference and warning for the development of modern society, worthy of deeper reflection and exploration. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Śliwerski, Boguslaw T1 - The Idea of the Exclusion of Necrophilic Attitudes in Critical Psychology of Erich Fromm JF - Interdisciplinary Context of Special Pedagogy, Vol. 28, No. 1 (2020), pp. 7-20. N2 - The subject of the analysis is the category of the inclusion as a process that does not only apply to people with special developmental or life needs, but also to social sciences, which as a result of the positivist research paradigm have divided and separated from each other. Meanwhile, human upbringing requires the inclusion of biophilic orientation towards life in all social sciences, whose achievements should be considered and applied to improve educational processes. The Author borrows inspiration from the typology of human attitudes of Erich Fromm, because it makes readers aware of the negative effects of necrophilia in interpersonal relationships. The Author analyses Fromm’s approach against the background of selected ideas of Polish pedagogical views. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grasso, Alessandro T1 - The fear of staging: Considerations on the fears of a young psychoanalyst JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 3, 2020), pp. 192-199. N2 - The article deals with some of the most common fears that can manifest in young training analysands during clinical practice. Viewed using a theatrical metaphor, the psychoanalytic situation that develops is conceived as a representation of the conflicts and deep suffering that the patient wishes the therapist to understand and alleviate. The two can be seen as actors who bring to the stage a scene involving both deeply, and which requires the right balance between illusion and reality to be therapeutically effective. The analytic theatre evokes characters that desire to be brought to the stage, and gives life to a drama that demands to be represented through the characters themselves, as happens in the play Six characters in search of an author by Pirandello (1925). Therefore, analysts need to take on a role that they are implicitly required to perform and that can at times be perceived as rather uncomfortable, while in other instances it can be rewarding. Sometimes they are the main character, while in other situations they are the audience; they may be a travel companion or a persecutor. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gondar, Jô T1 - The disavowal of racism in Brazil JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 3, 2020), pp. 159-163. N2 - The history of migrations to Brazil is the history of the country itself, since the original inhabitants of the territory - the natives - were almost completely exterminated by the Portuguese. In Brazil, any child of school age learns that our land is mestizo and welcoming, and that its population is the result of the mixture of Portuguese, Italians, Spanish, Germans and Japanese, among other peoples. Curiously, the majority immigrant group that formed the country usually does not appear on that list: the Africans. In that case, immigration was forced, originating one of the main traumas that still mark the Brazilian culture and society. This trauma were not left in the past: it was not overcome and it continues to be updated – according to the logic of traumatic functioning, that of the compulsion to repetition - present in the entire structure of social relations in the country. In this paper I intend to deal with the peculiarity of Brazilian racism, articulating the memory of the slavery regime to psychoanalytic concepts – such as repression, narcissism of minor differences, splitting of the ego, and disavowal – capable of denouncing silent segregation that the black population suffer in the country. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Huawu A1 - Ping, Jiang T1 - The Constructing of Healthy Personality of University Students in the Internet Society from the Perspective of Fromm's Thought JF - International Journal of Social Sciences in Universities, Volume 3, No. 3 (2020), pp. 237-239. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] In December 2017, the outline of improving the quality of ideological and political work in colleges and university was issued by the education ministry of the Communist Party of China, which listed “psychological education” into the top ten education systems of universities. College students can be regarded as one of the main citizen groups in the Internet society. Internet brings the fulfillment to young people’s life; however, it also brings the problem of individual alienation. From the perspective of Fromm’s Need theory and individual alienation, the individual alienation in internet society can be seen as the external alienation of individual demand and the internal psychological alienation, including Internet social rationality, consumption, relationship, spirit as well as personality alienation. The accumulative alienation of individuals may grow to substantive psychological issues, which hinders the sound development of college students’ personalities. Ideological and political workers and teachers in university hence should solve the problem of personality development from the aspects of constructing a healthy personality in order to achieve the all-around development of university students in morality, intelligence, physique fitness, beauty and labor, which lies in the core of mental health education in thoughts on socialism with Chinese characteristic for a new era. [English version: www.cnki.net, 9/2021] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zheng, Wei T1 - The Concept of >Man< and < Its Significance in Fromm's Philosophy [弗洛姆哲学中的>人<及其价值归宿] JF - Studies on Marxist Theory [马克思主义理论学科研究], No. 5 (2020), pp. 133-141. N2 - 弗洛姆哲学中的>人<与青年马克思时期的>异化<逻辑是同构的。弗洛姆哲学是以>异化<逻辑为基础的资本主义现代性批判,虽然能够在近代西方社会文化和心理发展史层面作出带有历史唯物主义色彩的阐释,但其二元对立的思维方式无法真正超越启蒙理性关于人的抽象建构。在价值主体模糊、实现手段缺失的情况下,弗洛姆哲学关于>人<的>社会诊断<逐步缩减为个体的>自我选择<,最终将>人的解放<问题推入了文化浪漫主义的领域。 N2 - The >man< in Fromm's philosophy is isomorphic to the logic of >alienation< of the Young Marx. Fromm's philosophy is a critique of capitalist modernity based on the logic of >alienation<. Although it is capable of historical materialist interpretations at the level of the historical development of modern Western sociocultural and psychological development, its dualistic way of thinking cannot really transcend the abstract construction of the human being by Enlightenment reason. With the subject of value obscured and the means of realization missing, the >social diagnosis< of >man< in Fromm's philosophy was gradually reduced to individual >self-selection<, which finally pushed the question of >human liberation< into the realm of cultural romanticism. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Xiang T1 - The Characterization of Film in the Perspective of Psychoanalysis – The Short film >Dream Man< as an Example [神分析学视域下的电影人物塑造], Master thesis, Film (Professional Degree), Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2020 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 弗洛伊德提出梦境是了解人心理的重要途径,分析人物潜意识中的隐藏事件可治愈人物心理创伤。利用精神分析学理论分析人物梦境,可了解人物内心,从内而外完成对人物的塑造。短片《梦中人》讲述一个独自生活在城市里的青年林栋两天三夜的生活故事。在梦起梦落中回忆起儿时以自己内心的另一个人格身份夏桐成长的生活点滴。整个故事中穿插了二人很多奇幻的梦境,这些梦境将隐藏在两人内心深处的情感进行可视化展现。本文运用到了精神分析学家弗洛伊德的精神层次理论和释梦理论、荣格的人格面具理论和弗洛姆的社会潜意识理论。本文依托于精神分析学的整体理论框架下,分别从人物叙事空间的结构化表达、人物心理空间的具象化表达和人物的人格建构等方面针对创作中的叙事结构、叙事空间和叙述人进行分析阐述;针对电影视听语言中的镜头语言、光线色调、意象符号和声音的运用进行分析阐述;针对人物的人格建构、影响人物人格建构的环境因素进行分析阐述。 N2 - Freud proposed that dreams are an important way to understand human psychology, and analyzing hidden events in the subconscious mind of a character can heal the psychological trauma of the character. Using psychoanalytic theory to analyze the character’s dreams, you can understand the character’s heart and complete the shaping of the character from the inside out. The short film >Two Me< tells the story of a young Lin Dong who lives alone in the city for two days and three nights. In the dream, he recalled the life of Xia Tong who grew up as another personality in his heart. The whole story is interspersed with many fantasy dreams of the two, and these dreams will visualize the emotions hidden in the two hearts. This article applies the psychoanalyst Freud's theory of spiritual hierarchy and dream interpretation theory, Jung’s personality mask theory, and Fromm’s social subconscious theory. Relying on the overall theoretical framework of psychoanalysis, this article analyzes and explains the narrative structure, narrative space and narrator in the creation from the structured expression of the narrative space of the character, the concrete expression of the psychological space of the character, and the personality construction of the character. Analyze and explain the use of lens language, light tones, imagery symbols, and sounds in movie audiovisual languages; analyze and elaborate on the character’s personality construction and the environmental factors that affect the character’s personality construction. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ke, Ke T1 - The Art of Loving [爱的艺术] JF - Encyclopedia of Middle School Students [中学生百科], No. 17 (2020), pp. 24-25. N2 - 初读弗洛姆的这本《爱的艺术》时,我是带着疑惑的:为何将爱称之为一种艺术?爱好像是人生来的一种本能,它复杂多变,我们无法准确表述它,努力追寻也探索不尽它真正的意义。读完此书,感到弗洛姆精准纤细地描绘出了>爱<的模样,为>爱<这种艺术形式给予了多维度的解释。这些文字好像一个神秘的通道,让我在无声之中感知到了爱的独特与广博,以及爱对于我们每一个人的重要意义。 N2 - When I first read Fromm's book, >The Art of Loving], I was puzzled: why call love an art? Love is a natural instinct, so complex and varied that we can't express it precisely, and we can't discover its true meaning even if we try. After reading this book, I feel that Fromm has given a precise and delicate picture of what >love< looks like, giving a multidimensional interpretation of the art form of >love<. The words are like a mysterious channel that allows me to perceive, in silence, the uniqueness and breadth of love and its importance for each of us. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2020 ER -