TY - JOUR A1 - Cao, Mengqi A1 - et al., T1 - A Probe into the Psychological Needs of the Elderly in Chinese Community and the Establishment of Peer Support Model [杭州社区环境下老年人心理需求探究及朋辈支持模型的建立] JF - The 20th National Psychological Conference – Psychology and National Mental Health 第二十届全国心理学学术会议--心理学与国民心理健康, November 3. 2017, Chongqing, China, in 中国心理学会 (Ed.):第二十届全国心理学学术会议--心理学与国民心理健康摘要集 [Chinese Psychological Association (Ed.) (2017): The 20th National Psychology Academic Conference – A Summary of Psychology and National Mental Health], pp. 176-177. N2 - 人口老龄化带来的巨大压力,使得基于社区的养老服务模式成为亟待解决的社会策略问题。而随着老年人心理健康问题的日益凸显,在考虑如何提高养老服务问题时,尤其需要重视心理服务的提升。准确了解老年人心理需求,是提供各种养老服务的基础。但老年人心理需求的研究仍然罕见。本研究采用基于弗洛姆心理需求理论的心理需求问卷(Lowman/Bredehoeft,1996)对我国杭州市某社区214名居家养老的老人进行了心理需求调查,并分析基本的人口统计学变量对心理需求的影响。统计结果证明对于老年人来说,关联需求、超越需求、寻根需求、认同需求和定向需求均处于比较重要的水平,验证了弗洛姆心理需求理论在老年人心理需求问题上的有效性。结果显示老年人的年龄、性别、受教育程度和居住方式等人口统计学因素的不同水平对心理需求的影响差异不显著,说明不需要针对不同人口统计学水平的老人提供差异化的心理服务。另外,模型与认知行为疗法的行为激活分支的理论相匹配,可从人际关系、教育/职业、娱乐/兴趣、身/心/灵、个人职责五个领域提升老年人的自我价值感和心理健康水平。基于心理需求的结果,我们提出的社区养老服务模式,从五个心理需求维度出发,结合行为激活疗法理论及技术,建立适合居家养老老人的朋辈支持模型。 N2 - The enormous pressure on the aging of the population prompted society to face the strategic issue of how to provide better service for the elderly based on community. And with the elderly mental health problems becoming more and more prominent, it’s crucial to pay attention to find a way to solve the problem in old-age care, especially the mental health care. Understanding the psychological needs of the elderly clearly is the fundament of improving elderly mental health care. Home care is the primary strategy of elderly care in China, based on Chinese conditions. Therefore, in the process of developing the elderly mental health service model, community environment is a key factor, which means the strategy must be suitable for community. In this study, the psychological needs questionnaire based on Fromm’s psychological needs theory (Lowman / Bredehoeft, 1996) was used for a survey of the psychological needs of 214 elderly people living in a community in Hangzhou, China, under different conditions according to demographic variables. Results showed that need for relatedness, need for transcendence, need for rootedness, need for identity, need for a frame of orientation are all very important to the elderly, which verifies the validity of Fromm ’s theory of psychological needs in the psychological needs of the elderly. In addition, results also showed that the effects of different levels of demographic factors such as age, sex, educational level and lifestyle on the psychological needs are not significant, indicating that there is no need to provide different mental health services for the elderly with different demographic levels. In addition, the service model matches the theory of behavioral activation branching from cognitive behavioral therapy, which can enhance the self-worth and psychology of the elderly in five areas: interpersonal, educational/career, recreation/interest, body/heart/spirit and personal responsibility. Based on the five psychological needs, combined with behavioral therapy theory and technology, we propose a peer support model for the home-care elderly. Y1 - 2017 ER -