TY - JOUR A1 - Holt, R. R. T1 - A Review of Some of Freud's Biological Assumptions and Their Influence on His Theories JF - N. S. Greenfield and W. C. Lewis (Eds.), 1965, Psychoanalysis and Current Biological Thought, Madison and Milwaukee (The University of Wisconsis Press) 1965, pp. 93-124. Y1 - 1965 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holt, R. R. T1 - Una perestrojka per la psicoanalisi: crisi e rinnovamento JF - Psicoterapia e scienze numane, Milano, Vol. XXIV (No. 3, 1990), pp. 37-85. Y1 - 1990 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holt, R. R. T1 - La scelta professionale di Freud e le risonanze inconsce del saggio di Goethe >Sula natura< JF - Psicoterapia e scienze numane, Milano, Vol. XXVI (No. 4, 1992), pp. 5-38. Y1 - 1992 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holt, R. R. T1 - Postmodernism: Its Origins and its Threat to Psychoanalysis JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 11 (No. . 4, December 2002), pp. 264-274. N2 - Postmodernism originated in an overreaction to >modernist< sociocultural trends of the past few centuries. Flaws of postmodern writers include: ignorance and distortion of the history of science and philosophy; the erroneous assumption that such faults of some natural scientists as reductionism and narrowness are intrinsic to the entire enterprise, even to rationality; overgeneralizing such valid criticisms to the level of metaphysical relativism; and deliberately obscure and pretentious writing. Its vogue is a threat to science in general and to psychoanalysis in particular. Psychoanalysis was vulnerable to a postmodernist attack because of Freud's rejection of scientific standards for his creation, his n ve realism, and his authoritarian heritage plus certain weaknesses of theory, technique, and organization resulting from it. Analysts are urged to stay close to clinical observation and abstain from generalizing outside their realm of expertise. Y1 - 2002 ER -