TY - JOUR A1 - Rudek, Thomas T1 - Wege aus einer kranken Gesellschaft. Schritte zur Transformation in eine solidarische, repressionsfreie und ökologische Gesellschaft. Typescript Berlin 2009, 28 pp. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruemke, Henricus Cornelius T1 - The Clinical Differentiation within the Group of Schizophrenias. No publication data JF - H. Sass (Ed.): Anthology of German Psychiatric Texts, 2009, pp. 302-310. Y1 - 2009 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saalfrank, Wolf-Thorsten T1 - Bildung als Wohnkunst: Bildung als Orientierungspunkt in einer sich entgrenzenden Gesellschaft JF - Sozialwissenschaftlicher Fachinformationsdienst soFid, Bildungsforschung, No. 2 (2009), pp. 9-25. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schecter, David E. T1 - Den Patienten wach machen JF - R. Funk (Ed.), Erich Fromm als Therapeut. Frühere Schüler erinnern sich an seine Praxis der Psychoanalyse, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2009. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schecter, David E. T1 - Awakening the Patient JF - R. Funk (Ed.), The Clinical Erich Fromm. Personal Accounts and Papers on Therapeutic Technique, Amsterdam and New York (Rodopi Publisher), 2009, pp. 73-78. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiffer, Walter T1 - Die Erschaffung des Menschen und Mose vor dem brennenden Dornbusch. Durch die ‚Brillen< Bubers, Fromms und Chagalls auf die Schrift geschaut JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 13 / 2009, Tübingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 37-43. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d13/2009d Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schimmel, Noam T1 - Judaism and the Origins of Erich Fromm's Humanistic Psychology JF - Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol. 49 (No. 1, 2009), pp. 9-45. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlösser, Anne-Marie T1 - Oedipus in China: Can we export psychoanalysis? JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 18 (No. 4, 2009), pp. 219-224. N2 - The author describes experiences gathered during several years of teaching psychodynamic psychotherapy with psychologists and psychiatrists within a 2-year-training programme in Shanghai, China. Questions and problems of the reception of psychoanalysis – shame, sexuality, harmony, abstinence – as well as the possibilities and limitations of exporting psychoanalysis are discussed. The possible future development of psychoanalysis in China is also outlined. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, A. T1 - Fortschritt, Skepsis und Hoffnung. Kategorien der Geschichtsphilosophie Max Horkheimers, JF - M. Boll und R. Gross (Ed.), Die Frankfurter Schule und Frankfurt. Eine Rückkehr nach Deutschland, Frankfurt (Wallstein) 2009, pp. 96-107. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmidt, C. T1 - Der autoritäre Charakter. Erich Fromms Beitrag zu einer politischen Psychologie des Nationalsozialismus (Reihe Politikwissenschaft 162), Berlin und Münster (Lit-Verlag) 2009, 349 p. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schröder, Förg T1 - Besinnung in flexiblen Zeiten. Leibliche Perspektiven auf postmoderne Arbeit, Wiesbaden (Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften) 2009, 278 pp. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuez, Gottfried T1 - Abschied von verbindlichen Werten? Albert Schweitzers Beitrag zur Erziehung in einer pluralistisch-interkulturellen Gesellschaft JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 13 / 2009, Tübingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 71-78. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d13/2009j Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schultz, H. T1 - >Haben oder Sein<. Erinnerungen an Erich Fromm JF - Kulturclub.ch. Magazin des DRS 2, Basel (03. 12. 2009), pp. 2-3. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwartzman, Gertrude T1 - Meeting Venus: A film about passion, and the outsider JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 18 (No. 3, 2009), pp. 189-193. N2 - This paper discusses the conflict between lustful desire leading to an extramarital affair and loyalty to one's partner. Drawing a parallel between the hero of Wagner's opera and the conductor-hero of the film Meeting Venus, the consequences of being an >outsider< are being considered. Whereas Tannhäuser's conflict is resolved in that he finds salvation from the Virgin Mary, Szanto is abandoned by the woman he loved and by his wife. He remains an outsider and alone. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sekine, Hiroaki T1 - エーリッヒ・フロム「自己実現」論の再構成 : 「持つこと」と「在ること」の連関に注目して [The Reconstruction of Erich Fromm's >Self-realization< Theory: Focusing on the Organic Relation between >To Have< and >To Be<] JF - [教育学研究 [The Japanese Journal of Educational Research], Vol. 76, No. 3 (2009), pp. 334-346. [doi.org/10.11555/kyoiku.76.3_334] N2 - 本稿の目的は、エーリッヒ・フロムの「自己実現」論を再構成し、その人間形成論的な可能性を提示することである。フロムはしばしば社会および人間を二つの位相に分けたうえで、片方を持ち上げてもう片方を非難するという論法を採用したが、従来それらは素朴な勧善懲悪的図式として理解される傾向にあった。だがその遺稿から明らかになったフロムによる初期マルクスへの直接的な参照は、そうしたフロムの方法論が決して単純な善悪二元論にはおさまらないことを示唆している。マルクスの言う私有財産の「止揚」プロセスとフロムの想定したこつの様式観が交わりあう過程とをそれぞれのテクストにより突き合わせていくことで、フロムの「自己実現」論は、発達の脱中心化を志向する近年の教育人間学的なモメントを理論レベルにおいて批判的に彫琢しうる、他とのつながりに開かれながらも「自己」へと再帰的に準拠する人間形成論として、新たに定位される。 N2 - The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct >Self-realization< theory of Erich Fromm (1900-1980) and to show the pedagogical potentiality through focusing on the dynamism of his methodized dichotomy. Erich Fromm used dichotomies repeatedly to analyze the composition of society and person. In fact, there were several instances such as >the nonproductive orientation< or >the productive orientation<, >necrophilia< or >biophilia<, and >to have< or >to be<. These ideas are usually thought to be simple dualism. In other words, these ideas are seen to have a naive character that one side of a problem is to be praised and the other side of the problem is to be criticized. So, many studies have pointed out critically that these ideas of Fromm tend to fall into excessive simplification and that he is a naive moralist. In pedagogy, the dichotomies of Fromm are always taken statically in the same way. Because those studies, most of which are developed as >Self-realization< theory, often set up a utopian goal unquestioningly, they have been unable to escape from the above-mentioned criticisms. However, can we find the depth which is beyond simple dualism in Fromm's way of presenting the dichotomy? We should not overlook the fact that Fromm has continued to criticize human reason as one of the members of the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, and he did take it into account that persons and societies are full of contradictions. When we see Fromm says that one side of man is good and the other is bad, is it rather natural that we should assume some overlap behind his simple dualism? Assuming that his dichotomy has organic relation within, our understanding about his >self-realization< theory will be reformed to be more sound. On that concern, we take one of Fromm's dualistic ideas, >to have< and >to be,< and attempt to analyze the inner relation. For, this dualistic idea is thought to be the most representative and abstract one of Fromm's dualistic ideas. Actually, there are many examples to support this hypothesis on the ideas, >to have< and knowledge< seem to have some room to interpret his dualistic ideas and have organic relation with each other. Fromm refers to the possibility of the >productive< knowledge (= >being knowledge<) without overlooking the importance of the >non-productive< knowledge (= >having knowledge<). He thinks the latter knowledge can be changed to the former knowledge. Then, how does >the mode of having< develop to be >the mode of beingalienationto have< with the structure of private possession which Marx investigated. Throughout our examination to check the crossing between two forms with the process of >Aufhebung< of private property on their texts, Fromm's >self-realization< theory is redefined as the theory of the unique character-building driven by the unity with other people, which can critically reinforce pedagogical thoughts of decentralization at the conceptual level. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shapiro, Edward R. T1 - A View From Riggs: Treatment Resistance and Patient Authority – XII. Examined Living: A Psychodynamic Treatment System JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 37 (2009), pp. 683-698. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shchelokova, Yu. V. T1 - Anthropological Content of Culture in Erich Fromm's Interpretation JF - Психология и Психотехника [Psychology and Psychotechnics], No. 12 (2009). [ISSN 2454-0722] N2 - In this article culture is viewed in the light of philosophical anthropology. The author analyzed how the term ‘culture’ changed through ages. The author also touched upon the anthropological aspect of culture. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sheng, Guorong T1 - Toward a Humanized Technology: Erich Fromm's Utopia of Technology [技术人性化:埃里希·弗洛姆的技术社会理想——兼评弗洛姆的技术人性化思想] JF - Lanzhou Academic Journal [兰州学刊] No. 9 (2009), pp. 27-31. N2 - The thought of humanized technology which put forward by Erich Fromm is the theory origin and thought base of humanized technology which discussed by Chinese philosophy of technology today. The thought of humanized technology which put forward by Erich Fromm is part of his thoughts of humanized, and is the means of realization the humanized society. Fromm exerts his thoughts of humanized to scan the varieties phenomenon of inhumanity in the contemporary west capitalism and attributes them to the inhumanity of technology, thereby conceives a society of humanized technology. However, it is partial which put the inhumanity of society to the inhumanity technology and so called inhumanity of technology. N2 - 埃里希.弗洛姆的技术人性化思想成了技术哲学界探讨的一个问题,人们期望通过技术的人性化来化解当前人类面临的由技术应用所导致的各种问题。弗洛姆的技术人性化思想是其人性化思想的一部分,并且是作为实现其所设想的人性化社会的手段而出现的。弗洛姆运用其人性化思想来审视当代西方资本主义工业社会的种种不人性的现象并将之归因于技术的不人性,从而设想了一种技术人性化的社会。然而,将社会的不人性完全归之于技术以及所谓的技术的不人性等思想却是有失偏颇的。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shu, Yang T1 - Dilemma of Freedom – Interpretation of Fromm's Freedom Philosophy [自由的困境——解读弗洛姆的自由哲学] JF - Journal of Chongqing Radio Television University [重庆广播电视大学学报], No. 3 (2009), pp. 37-39. N2 - Fromm, psychoanalysis, sociology-based, build their own unique view of freedom. He believes that in modern capitalist society, people in a dilemma: both aspire to the pursuit of freedom, but also unbearable thus arising from the spirit alone, turn to trying to escape from freedom, however, escape the way to freedom is not a modern man out of the woods, positive freedom is avoid alone the best way to spontaneous love and the creation of this positive the only effective way to freedom. N2 - 弗洛姆以精神分析社会学为基础,构建了自己独特的自由观。他认为,在现代资本主义社会中,人处于两难困境之中:既向往、追求自由,又难以忍受由此而产生的精神孤独,转而想方设法地逃避自由。但是,逃避自由不是现代人摆脱困境的出路,实现积极的自由才是避免孤独的最佳方式,而自发性的爱与创造是获得这种积极自由的唯一有效途径。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silva García, Jorge T1 - Sein Weg zu Klarheit und Menschlichkeit JF - R. Funk (Ed.), Erich Fromm als Therapeut. Frühere Schüler erinnern sich an seine Praxis der Psychoanalyse, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2009. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silva García, Jorge T1 - His Way to Clarity and Humaneness JF - R. Funk (Ed.), The Clinical Erich Fromm. Personal Accounts and Papers on Therapeutic Technique, Amsterdam and New York (Rodopi Publisher), 2009, pp. 145-152. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sjödin, Christer T1 - Editorial: The exclusion of psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy from the publicly financed medical health sector in Sweden T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 18 (No. 2, 2009), pp. 131-134. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Soellner, A. T1 - >Emigrantenblicke< 1950-1965. Die westdeutsche Demokratie im Urteil von Franz L. Neumann und Otto Kirchheimer JF - M. Boll und R. Gross (Ed.), Die Frankfurter Schule und Frankfurt. Eine Rückkehr nach Deutschland, Frankfurt (Wallstein) 2009, pp. 278-287. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Song, Dexiao T1 - The Diagnostic of Alienation of Human Being and Its Prescription – Study on Fromm's Alienation Theory [人之异化的病理特征及药方——弗洛姆之异化理论探析] JF - Innovation [创新], No. 3 (2009), pp. 16-19. N2 - In Fromm's eyes the human the beings' productive the potential embodies its essence, but alienation is on a kind of negation to be to such potential. The cause of alienation contains two aspects such as human nature factor and society factor. As a matter of fact, for a man, alienation causes the spiritual inanity and dry-rot. According to Fromm, we can cure such a ailment as alienation in the ways of system and spirit with a prescription, which are humanistic socialism, love and collectivism-art. In fact, Fromm's theory about alienation were profound and particular, and he subjectively wanted to develop Marx's alienation theory, but actually he failed because there was some humanitarian ideology in his alienation theory. N2 - 在弗洛姆看来,人的生产性潜能发挥出人的本质,异化是对人的生产性潜能的否定。异化具有深刻的人性根源和社会根源,它导致了人的精神生活的空虚和人性的枯竭。弗洛姆认为,可以从制度和精神等方面对异化之症进行救治,他开出了人道主义的社会主义以及>爱<和>集体艺术<的诊治药方。弗洛姆的异化理论内容深刻,别具特色,试图继承和发展马克思的异化理论,但带有明显的人本主义色彩。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Souza Machorro, M. A1 - Cruz Moreno, L. T1 - Psicopatología y complicaciones del tatuaje y la perforación corporal JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanálisi (Ed.), Fromm, humanismo y psicoanálisi, México Vol. 2 (2009), pp. 47-51. N2 - El tatuaje/perforación corporal históricamente muestra diversas motivaciones socioculturales, religiosas, tribales y sexuales. Los adolescentes (población mayormente afectada) exhiben desempleo y pobre participación religiosa, relacionable con tendencia a actividades exploratorias y patrones conductuales de impulsividad/ excitabilidad en >busca de sensaciones nuevas e intensas<, Las distintas complicaciones médicas (locales/sistémicas) que acompañan tal psicopatología (compulsiva, trastornos ansioso-depresivos, de personalidad -limítrofe-, paralíticos sexualessadomasoquismo-, o psicosis) descubren la >necesidad< paradójica de provocación/ aceptación: erotismo/dolor que tipifican una salud mental alterada. Estudios internacionales muestran que los portadores de conductas sexuales desviadas y actividades ilegales se asocian con consumo de psicotrópicos (pandillerismo, juego patológico, delincuencia); trastornos alimentarios, conductas de riesgo a la salud y proclividad suicida que requieren tratamiento apropiado y apoyo en programas educativos contra la autoagresión. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spero, Moshe Halevi T1 - When the Light Shed by God is Dimmer than the Light Shed Upon God: Countertransference Illumination of Latent Religious Object Representations of a Jewish Patient in Psychoanalysis JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 37 (2009), pp. 189-218. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spero, Moshe Halevi A1 - Cohen, Mariam T1 - Introduction to a Symposium: The God Representation in the Psychoanalytic Relationship: When is Three a Crowd? JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 37 (2009), pp. 001-020. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spero, Moshe Halevi A1 - Cohen, Mariam T1 - Discussion of a Symposium: The God Representation in the Psychoanalytic Relationship: When is Three a Crowd? JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 37 (2009), pp. 219-240. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stemmler, Bettina T1 - Biophilie – eine unwiderlegbare Hypothese? Seminararbeit am Psychologischen Institut der Universität Zürich, 2009, 31 pp. N2 - Die Existenz der positiven Wirkmechanismen von Heimtieren auf Menschen scheint plausibel, ebenso die Existenz von biophiler Emotionen und Verhaltensweisen, auch wenn die Biophilie-Hypothese weder bewiesen noch widerlegt werden kann. Besonderes Augenmerk sollte den Konsequenzen dieser Phänomene gewidmet werden. Wie können Heimtiere zu therapeutischen Zwecken genutzt werden, ohne dass sie dabei Schaden nehmen? Wie kann man Menschen dazu motivieren, Heim- und Nutztiere artgerecht zu halten? Wie kann man nachhaltige Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen gegenüber der Umwelt fördern? Diese anwendungsorientierten und zum Teil essentiellen Fragen, bei denen Biophilie ein nützliches Instrument sein kann, sind relevanter als die Frage nach genetischer Determinierung. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stensson, Jan T1 - Inner freedom and independence: An interview with André Haynal JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 18 (No. 2, 2009), pp. 117-123. N2 - This interview, performed by e-mail from December 2007 to September 2008, covers the psychoanalytic itinerary of André Haynal. His emigration from Hungary to Switzerland gave him occasion to think about alienation and its significance for identity. Gustav Bally, among others, introduced André Haynal in the Swiss Psychoanalytic Society after a very special interview. Other encounters with prominent and interesting personalities such as Jean Piaget and Michael Balint are also evoked. Furthermore, Haynal?s involvement in the publishing of the Freud–Ferenczi Correspondence and in the renaissance of Ferenczi's influence in contemporary psychoanalysis is also discussed. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stephens, Piers H. G. T1 - Plumwood, Property, Selfhood and Sustainability JF - Ethics & the Environment, Vol. 14, No. 2 (2009), pp. 57-73. [Print ISSN 1085-6633] [doi.org/10.2979/ete.2009.14.2.57] N2 - In her final book, >Environmental Culture< as well as elsewhere, Val Plumwood advances the view that sustainability should properly be seen as emergent from an ecofeminist partnership ethic of nourishment and support between humans and nonhuman nature, and that such an ethic must replace the characteristic institutional structures and dominant conceptions of rationality found in capitalist modernity. In making this case, Plumwood impressively charts the impact and significance of the expansionist, exclusionary models of the disembodied but appropriative self found in Cartesian and Lockean thought along with the impact of private property doctrines derived from this source. However, whilst making reference to eco-socialist alternatives at the broader political level, Plumwood offers no systematic account of property that might dovetail with her wider philosophical concerns. In this paper I attempt to generate the start of such an account, drawing on Plumwood’s own canon and bringing it into relationship with (1) relections on ideas of belonging and culture drawn from a range of thinkers including Erazim Kohák, Erich Fromm, and William James, and (2) the contemporary debate over the relationship between green political thought and the liberal democratic tradition. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stratigos, Katharine A. T1 - Not Your Grandparents' Psychoanalysis JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 37 (2009), pp. 241-253. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Su, Yan T1 - [Looking Back on the Lost Spiritual Homeland: Myth – A Study of Literary Translation [回望失落的精神家园:神话—原型视阈中的文学翻译研究], Doctoral dissertation, English Language and Literature, Nankai University, Tianjin, China 2009 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. T2 - This study is on an interdisciplinary theoretical construction with specific application to translations of the metaphorical literary works modeled on the mythical archetypes It is also a response to some translation theorists' call for a return to transl N2 - This study is on an interdisciplinary theoretical construction with specific application to translations of the metaphorical literary works modeled on the mythical archetypes It is also a response to some translation theorists' call for a return to translation studies proper, which reflects their increasing worries about the skepticism resulting from the >deconstructive paradigm< and about the tendency to replace translation studies with political concerns in the >cultural turn<. It contends that there should be a return to both literariness as well as language in literary translation. Since anything in existence often exhibits its nature in its origin, such a return entails going all the way back to the ultimate origin of language and literature-myth. By introducing myth-archetype theory into literary translation studies, the author attempts to find a way out of the impasse of deconstructive paradigm by returning to the origin, universality and wholeness of literature. The dissertation stresses universality behind differences and order behind fragmentation, hoping to help translators and translation researchers restore their holy worship for the origination of both language and literature. Quite different from traditional translation studies which overstress rationality, it highlights the unconscious elements involved in literary translation by attending to the poetic effects of translations and the translators' somatic experience. It is especially applicable to translation criticism of metaphorical literary works modeled on mythical archetypes. The whole dissertation consists of five parts. The first part makes a brief review of relevant studies on myths and archetypes. The second part provides justifications for the introduction of myth-archetype theory into literary translation studies. The third part includes three chapters altogether and conducts a tentative investigation into three basic theoretical problems of literary translation studies in the perspective myth-archetype theory. The fourth part intends to construct a translation criticism method on the basis of Northrop Frye's >stand-back< method of myth-archetype criticism. The fifth part applies this method in translation criticism practice. The first chapter makes a brief review of relevant studies on myths and archetypes in different ages and disciplines to clear the ground for subsequent theoretical construction. It shows that >myth< and cultural turn< in translation studies. On the whole, this chapter borrows a lot from Northrop Frye's ideas. From Chapter Three to Chapter Five, in the perspective of myth-archetype theory, the author re-examines three basic theoretical issues of literary translation, namely, the translatability of literary works, the nature of literary translation and the translator's psychic structure. Translatability accounts for how literary translation comes into existence, the nature of literary translation defines the way how literary translation exists in one sense, and the translator's psychic structure explains why literary translation exists. On the basis of the stability of archetypes and Frye's descriptions of their various forms, this dissertation studies translatability of literary works by dividing the abstract archetype into four concrete literary elements, i.e. the theme, narrative structure, image and language of literary works. It maintains that primary concern myths explain the commensurability of themes in literature, and the structuralistic studies on the morphology of folk tales and narrative grammar provide evidence for the translatability of deep narrative structure of literary works. In addition, the archetypal image system underlying the metaphorical literary works enables literary works from different cultures to return to the same origin and those within the same cultural system but in different ages to be organized into a unity with its own specific tradition.– Since translating involves first of all linguistic transference, Chapter Three highlights linguistic translatability and proposes three types of linguistic archetypes, namely, Walter Benjamin's >pure language<, Erich Fromm's >symbolic language< and David Leaning's >mythical language<. They demonstrate linguistic translatability from fields of religion, psychology and anthropology respectively.– Incorporating the general nature of translating as linguistic transference and the nature of literature as poetic metaphor, Chapter Four tentatively defines literary translation as an art of creating poetic metaphors, i.e. a metaphor-understanding and metaphor-making activity. Chapter Five makes a comparison between literary translation and poetic metaphor from six aspects: etymological studies, innovative creation, co-existence of similarities and differences, partial transference, somatic presence and existential experience. This comparison exhibits the creative, polysemous, experiential and existential nature of literary translation, which is of metaphorical nature and keeps traces of primitive mythical thinking. The irrational elements in myths always give expression to mankind's unconscious emotions and desires, and archetypes represent collective unconsciousness in human mind. Therefore, the introduction of myth-archetype theory requires an inevitable concern on the subjects' unconsciousness involved in literary translation. The dissertation analyzes the translator's psychic structure from three aspects, i.e. collective unconsciousness, social unconsciousness and individual unconsciousness. It holds that as literary works modeled on myth-archetypes reveal mankind's collective unconsciousness, their translations may function as a psychic therapy. Since myths have always been interwoven with cultural and political motivations, literary translation consequently turns out to be a kind of symbolic activity to repress the nation's ideology, determine their social memory and invent a myth of the state. On the basis of Erich Fromm's ideas on social unconsciousness and the theory of identification in psychology, this dissertation re-explains the translation strategies of domestication and foreignization. It argues that domestication results from a nation's collective narcissism and false identification after its escape from freedom, while foreignization releases the repressed unconscious elements in the receiving culture. To be more specific, foreignization heals the metamorphasized language with the foreignized one. It also indicates the translator's metaphorical state of experience with his total empathy for the source text and the author. In the light of the theory of individual unconsciousness, this dissertation extends the meaning of translation and identifies the similarities between literary translation and psychotherapy. In other words, a translator of literary works is both an analyst and an analysand. Translation criticism, in one sense, is a mediator between translation theory and practice; therefore, after theoretical exploration, Chapter Six establishes a translation criticism method according to Frye's >stand-back< method in literary criticism with stresses on the awareness of levels, genres and intertextuality. Level-awareness means criticism upon a translation on four different levels, that is, linguistic signs, multi-level meanings, text structure and archetypal models. Genre-awareness plays a fundamental role in literary translation studies. It provides translators with writing norms and offers translation critics >horizon of expectation<, thus becoming the starting point of translation reception and criticism. Furthermore, the differences, hybridization and defining elements of genres make a considerable difference to translation criticism. The existent translation criticism generally focuses on comparison and contrast between a source text and its translations. With the entrance of archetypes, however, an intertextual perspective is added. Translation chains, literary traditions and cultural context function as leading intertextual elements in translation criticism. To prove the feasibility of the >stand-back< method of translation criticism stated in Chapter Six, Chapter Seven evaluates translations of two literary works, one is TS Eliot's poem The Wasteland and the other is a classical Chinese novel Journey to the West. These translations are criticized with awareness of levels, genres and intertextuality. As a tentative exploration into literary translation studies in the perspective of myth-archetype theory, this dissertation, in its statement and argumentation, preserves both the structuralists 'stress on universality and the deconstructivists' critical and intertextual awareness while avoiding the weak points of their theories. Therefore, it can converge with the present trend of >cultural turn< in translation studies, and avoid the deviation from translation proper caused by the cultural paradigm. Meanwhile, it finds an approach to returning to literariness itself, discovers the unconscious mind hidden behind translating, highlights the level-awareness in literary translation criticism and shows the continuity of ancient traditions to their contemporary development. Hopefully, it will shed new light on the understanding of literary translation as a whole. N2 - 目前,译界在对>文化转向<和>解构范式<的反思之后,提出了回归本体、回归语言的呼吁,对于文学翻译研究而言,还要回归文学性。在这种回归的过程中,本研究将视角投向了语言和文学的本源——神话,试图将神话-原型理论引入文学翻译研究,通过回归本源、结构、共性和整体,在解构主义范式走入困境之后,为译学研究提供的一种新的建构策略。本研究是一项多学科的理论建构,有助于恢复译界对语言和文学的神性起源的崇拜,认识到差异中的共性和分裂中的秩序;通过关注文学翻译中的诗意性和身体感受,在目前过分张扬理性的译学传统和语境下,凸显文学翻译中的无意识成分,尤其对具有神话-原型特质的隐喻性文学作品的翻译批评具有一定的启示意义。本文主要遵循学源追溯—合理性论证—基本理论问题研究—翻译批评方法建构—典型译作评析的研究思路,形成由远及近、由理论向实践转化和落实的研究路径。神话和原型因其内在的紧密联系常常被相提并论,神话是原型的语言载体,原型是神话故事中稳定性成分的凝结,许多对原型的认识本身就是神话研究的成果。由于是将译界一直较少关注的神话.原型理论嫁接到文学翻译研究的初步探索,文章第一章对神话和原型的研究史做了一番简要的回顾与梳理,为后续的翻译理论研究提供必要的知识储备和理论铺垫。除了回顾已有学术成果的要点之外,本章也初步总结了翻译界目前与神话-原型理论相关的一些隐性研究,作为后文理论建构的基础和参照。在理清相关学源之后,第二章从哲学、语言、文学和文化四个方面为将神话-原型理论引入文学翻译研究提供了合理性论证。本章首先肯定了卡西尔通过引入神话思维重新确立了人文学科及其认识论基础的学术贡献;其次,阐述了弗莱关于语言的起源和演化与神话有着割舍不断的牵连的思想;再次,重申了弗莱的观点,即文学是置换变形的神话,文学创作是原型的置换变形;最后,强调神话是一种文化模式,认为这使得神话-原型理论的引入与当前译学研究的文化大潮相契合。在论证了引入神话-原型理论的合理性之后,文章的第三、四、五章探讨了文学翻译研究中的三个基本理论问题,包括文学翻译的可译性、文学翻译的本质及译者的精神结构。关于这些问题已有不少研究成果,本文以神话-原型理论为新的观照视阈和理论依据重新阐释这些问题,其中可译性试图回答文学翻译以何存在的问题,本质研究回答文学翻译如何存在的问题,而译者的精神结构回答文学翻译因何存在的问题。这一部分也是本研究力争在文学翻译理论研究中有所突破的地方。第三章在论述文学作品的可译性时,依据原型的稳定性特征,在弗莱对原型具体形态描述的基础上,将原型具体化为主题、结构、意象和语言四个文学作品要素。研究认为,1)初级关怀神话为文学作品的主题提供了可译性;2)结构主义关于民间故事叙事形态及其叙事语法的研究为文学作品深层叙事结构的可译性提供了依据;3)隐喻性文学作品最深层的原型意象体系使不同文化语境下的作品回归共同的本源,并使同一文化语境下的作品之间跨越时空而组合为一个依据一定传统前后延续的整体;4)本章还以本雅明的>纯语言<、弗洛姆的>象征语言<和利明的>神话语言<作为文学语言的理论原型,对文学语言的可译性展开了论证。就翻译的本质而言,第四章遵循从起源考察事物本质的思路,基于文学是神话或隐喻思维的产物以及翻译语言转换的普遍本质,尝试将文学翻译的本质界定为一种创造诗性隐喻的艺术。本章具体从词源考证、更新创造、求同存异、部分提取、身体在场和生存体验六个方面对文学翻译和诗性隐喻做了类比研究,突出了文学翻译的创造性、多义性、体验性和生存本体论意义。这些都是隐喻本质属性的表现,也保留了原始隐喻(神话)思维的痕迹。在引入神话-原型视阈之后,第五章从集体无意识、社会无意识和个人无意识三个层面论述了译者的精神结构。研究认为,具备神话-原型特质的文学作品指向人类的集体无意识深处,这些作品的翻译因此成为一个民族重要的精神诊疗手段。由于神话内在的文化和政治功用,文学翻译成为压制社会成员的意识形态、塑造社会记忆和书写国家神话的符号行为。本章借鉴弗洛姆的社会无意识理论以及心理学中的认同理论,重新阐释了归化和异化的策略选择,认为归化翻译体现了一个民族集体的精神自恋,是一种逃避自由的虚假认同,而异化翻译释放了原本在译入语文化中被压制的无意识成分,以>异化的语言<来对抗语言的异化,是译者对原本充满爱欲的拥抱,达到了主客体同一的隐喻式体验状态。将个人无意识理论引入之后,本章拓宽了翻译的概念内涵,并发现了文学翻译与精神诊疗之间的相似性。翻译批评从某种意义上说是翻译理论向实践转化的中介,在探讨了基本理论问题之后,第六章将弗莱提出的文学的>后视<批评法引入文学翻译批评研究,获得了文学翻译批评中的层次意识、文类意识和互文意识。层次的意识就是从语言符号、多层意义、文本结构和原型模式四个层面展开对译作的评价,强调把前后相继的水平换喻式文本结构解读为向纵深挺进的垂直隐喻式结构。文类意识在文学翻译批评中具有基础地位,不仅为译者提供了书面表达的规范,也为翻译批评者提供了>期待视域<,是其接受和批评译作的起点,并且文类的差异、混杂和界定要素对于文学翻译批评具有重要意义。已有的翻译批评都立足于文本的空间维度,引入原型因素后增加了时间维度,产生了翻译批评的互文视角,其中,译本链、文学传统和文化语境在文学翻译批评的互文意识中发挥主导作用。第七章按照第六章建构起来的文学翻译批评的>后视<法,选取两部具有神话-原型特质的隐喻性文学作品的译本予以评价,包括艾略特的诗歌《荒原》的多个中译本和吴承恩的小说《西游记》的余国藩英文全译本。评价过程有意识地贯穿了层次意识、文类意识和互文意识,试图通过对具体译作的评析,证明本文提出的翻译批评体系具有一定的实践转化能力。总之,本研究是将神话-原型理论引入文学翻译研究的初步探索,在吸取结构主义强调共性与解构主义的批判精神和互文意识等合理性成分的同时也有意识地避免了其中的一些弊端,因此本研究既能与当前译学研究的>文化转向<大潮合流,又能纠正文化范式对文学翻译本体的偏离,使文学翻译研究向着文学性回归。与此同时,本研究展现了当代文化与古老文化传统之间的承继关系,凸显了翻译过程中的无意识层面,强调了文学翻译批评的层次意识。作为一次跨学科理论建构的尝试,本研究期待能有助于译界对文学翻译的新认识。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sun, Jingqin T1 - An Inquiry into Fromm’s Humanology Theory [弗洛姆人学思想探析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2009. N2 - Nowadays, with the development of science and technology in the global area, human’s conflicts with nature, society and human itself are becoming so more serious that these problems are threatening human’s survival and development. Thus, humanology gradually draws a universal attention among scholars around the world. Among the researches on human issues in the modern western world, Frankfurt school has a very important status. Fromm, as one of its main representatives, is a well-known western psychologist and a scholar with profound humanology theory. This paper aims to make a clearer summary of Fromm’s humanology theory from a philosophical perspective. It consists of three parts.– The first part is a brief introduction of Fromm. Firstly, the historical background and theoretical origin of his ideology are introduced. Secondly, the current status of related researches both at home and abroad are made comments, and innovation are indicated. It attributed to discussion of his humanology theory.– The second part constructs Fromm’s humanlogy theory from three levels with a core concept of humanity. Firstly, introducing the contradiction of human nature as the logical start, Fromm interprets human nature through an analysis of human’s living condition, demand and freedom. Secondly, Fromm makes an analysis of the concept of alienation in psychological aspect. He reveals the unconscious alienation of human and the manifestation of alienation in modern society, which actually is human nature alienation. Thirdly, In order to eliminate the alienation of human nature and achieve a healthy society, Fromm proposed to the psychological revolution, which cultivate human with healthy personality and right living style through >morality renovate<. At the same time, society needs economical, political and cultural revolution. Only if mental revolution is combined with social revolution, the freedom and all-round development of human can be achieved.– The third part makes a comment on Fromm’s theory based on Marxist philosophy. His concern on humans in the real society acquires actuality and feasibility for his theory, which, therefore, makes certain contribution to the study of human itself and has great referential significance and instructive function to the construction of the harmonious society. However, the limitation lies in the Utopian atmosphere of his theory as it finds solutions for social problems only in psychological perspective. N2 - 当今,世界范围内,随着科技的不断发展,人与自然、人与社会、人与自身的矛盾日益尖锐,这些问题对人的生存与发展构成威胁,因此,人学逐渐引起国内外学者的广泛关注。弗洛姆作为法兰克福学派的主要代表人物之一,是一位在西方享有盛誉的心理学家,也是一位具有丰富人学思想的学者,论文对弗洛姆的人学思想进行全面系统的梳理,共由三部分组成。第一部分绪论,主要对弗洛姆做一个简要的介绍。首先,介绍了弗洛姆的主要著作,人学思想产生的社会背景、理论渊源;其次,阐释了弗洛姆人学思想的研究现状,并指出本文的创新点,为下章论述他的人学思想做好铺垫。第二部分以人性为核心概念,从三个层次梳理弗洛姆人学思想。首先,以人性的矛盾性为逻辑起点,通过人性与人的生存境遇、人性与人的生存需要、人性与人的自由之间的关系来诠释人性;其次,从心理学角度来解析异化概念,阐释了异化在人的无意识层面表现及异化在现代西方社会的各种表现,揭示了资本主义异化的实质是人性异化;最后,为了消除人性的异化,实现健全的社会,弗洛姆提出以心理革命为主的社会变革方案,即在>道德更新<的基础上,同时对社会要进行经济、政治、文化等方面的变革,将心理革命和社会变革结合起来,实现人的全面发展。第三部分用马克思主义基本原理对弗洛姆人学思想评析。弗洛姆关注现实生活中人的生存状况,因此,他的思想具有不少的现实性和可行性,但是他所探讨问题的解决途径都是个体的心理感受,因此解决方案具有乌托邦色彩。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tang, Xiaoyu T1 - On the Social Character and Its Traits During the Period of Social Transformation [试论我国社会转型期的社会性格及其特点], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2009. N2 - In the 1940s, Erich Fromm, put forward a conception of >social character< for the first time and the theory was used to explain the phenomenon that the psychological characteristics and behaviors of certain. With social groups changed with the social environment, which started the prelude of the theoretical study of the social character. China is undergoing a period of social transformation, which not only including the transformation of economy, politics, culture, but also including the changed of people's behavior, psycho¬logical characteristics and values. It has a great significance for the modernized transition of China's socialist society and the overall healthy development of human on studying the social character and its traits during the period of social transformation. The main content of the thesis are as follows: – In the first part, purpose and significance of the thesis has been described mainly. The history of this issue has been sorted out and an overview of the research situation at home and abroad has been done. New research ideas and methods have been given according to the current situation and problems in the social character study at home.– In the second part, general analysis of social character has been done. Firstly through discriminating the difference among social character, individual character, national character and regional cultural character, the concept of social character is defined and compared. Then the basic element and functions of social characters are further sorted out.– In the third part, efforts have been done to analyze the traits of social character in the period of social transformation. Both the positive and negative characters have been discussed and the reason also has been analyzed.– In the fourth part, thoughts to improve social character are suggested, which contains aspects of the improvement of market economy system, the perfection of the democratic legality, the building of culture atmosphere and the more attention on family education. N2 - 20世纪40年代,埃利希•弗洛姆率先提出了>社会性格<这个概念,并用社会性格理论来解释一定社会群体的心理特征和行为方式随社会环境的变化而变化的现象,这拉开了社会性格理论研究的序幕。我国正处于社会转型时期,社会转型不仅包括经济、政治、文化的转型,还包括人们的行为方式、心理特征、价值观念等各方面的变革。研究我国社会转型期的社会性格及其特点对于我国社会的现代化转型以及人类自身的全面健康发展有着重要的意义。文章的主要内容如下:第一部分,主要阐述了本文选题的目的及意义,并通过对国内外有关社会性格的概念、理论及相关研究的梳理,说明目前我国社会性格研究已取得的成就及存在的问题,进而提出自己的研究思路及方法。第二部分,对社会性格进行一般分析。首先对社会性格的概念进行界定和辨析,这里主要通过社会性格和个体性格、社会性格与国民性格和区域文化性格的辨析入手来界说社会性格。然后进一步理清社会性格的构成要素及基本特征和功能作用。第三部分,尝试对我国社会转型期的社会性格的特点进行分析,主要从社会性格的积极特点和消极特点两方面进行阐释并分析其成因。第四部分,提出完善社会性格的几点思考,主要从市场经济体制的完善,民主法律制度的健全,良好文化氛围的营造,家庭教育环境的重视几方面进行阐述。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tao, Xue T1 - Fromm's Humanitarian Ethical Core of the Idea – The Productive Personality, [弗洛姆人道主义伦理思想的核心——生产性人格] Master thesis, Ethics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, 2009. N2 - Fromm (Erich Fromm, 1900, March 23 – 1980, March 18,) is a German-American Jews who is famous all of the world. He is well-known in the West of the twentieth century as a psychologist, ethicist. At the same time, he is the representative of Frankfurt School. His humanitarian Ethics is based on the integration of the Freud and Marx. Productive character is what the core of his humanitarian ethics. The main purpose of this thesis is to do research on the production character and to analysis the theoretical meaning.– First of all, this thesis introduce the background of his humanitarian Ethics, especially the influence of Freud and Marx, and the research at home and abroad.– And then, this thesis analysis Fromm’s personality theory, including the formation and the types of personality. In turn leads to the view that-production character-people should have in >the sane society<. However, in modern society, there often exists a Phenomenon that lack of moral. It makes people creates pathological personality. It also stands the opposite side of the social’s development and impede the progress of society.– Finally, this thesis summarizes the result of modern psychopathic personality. Meanwhile, it finger out the way of creating the production character. Integrated, we can know that Fromm’s theory of human ethics has specified the way of direction and development. And it is very helpful to guide the practice of human development. It also has an indelible effect to contemporary China which is in the period of social transformation. N2 - 弗洛姆(ErichFromm,1900年3月23日-1980年3月18日)是一位国际知名的美籍德国犹太人,二十世纪西方著名的心理学家、伦理学家,是法兰克福学派的代表人物。他结合弗洛伊德学说和马克思主义,构建了人道主义伦理思想。生产性人格是弗洛姆人道主义伦理思想的核心。本篇论文的主旨是研究弗洛姆提出的生产性人格,分析其现实意义。首先介绍了弗洛姆伦理思想的形成——主要是弗洛伊德和马克思对他的影响,国内外研究现状;然后分析了弗洛姆的人格理论,其中包括人格的形成以及人格的种类,继而从中引出弗洛姆认为的>健全的社会<中人们应该具有的健全的人格——生产性人格。然而在现代社会,往往存在着道德缺失的现象,使个人形成了各种病态人格,这种病态人格是与社会发展相矛盾的,阻碍社会的进步,本文概括了造成现代人病态人格的原因并且提出塑造健全人格——生产性人格的方法。综上我们可以看出弗洛姆的伦理学理论为人类指明了前进的道路和发展的方向,有助于指导人类发展实践,对于处于社会转型时期的当代中国来说也有着不可磨灭的作用。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tauber, Edward S. T1 - Words are Ways JF - R. Funk (Ed.), The Clinical Erich Fromm. Personal Accounts and Papers on Therapeutic Technique, Amsterdam and New York (Rodopi Publisher), 2009, pp. 131-134. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tauber, Edward S. T1 - Worte, die Wege sind JF - R. Funk (Ed.), Erich Fromm als Therapeut. Frühere Schüler erinnern sich an seine Praxis der Psychoanalyse, Gießen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2009. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Thomson, A. T1 - Erich Fromm – Explorer of the Human Condition, New York and London (Palgrave Macmillan) 2009, 175 p. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thomä, Helmut T1 - Transference and the psychoanalytic encounter JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 18 (No. 4, 2009), pp. 237-249. N2 - John Klauber's introduction of the concept of >encounter< signifies a milestone on the way towards an intersubjective understanding of the psychoanalytic method. The concept of encounter is comprehensive and refers to all aspects of the >here-and-now,< including transference from the >then-and-there.< Klauber's contribution points out that the psychoanalytic situation is primarily a therapeutic one. The solution to the transference depends on new experience, and therefore he emphasizes the role of spontaneity. Klauber describes unintended traumatizing aspects, one of the antidotes for which is spontaneity. What is real and actual in the transference should be admitted – at least as >plausible.< Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Triebel, Axel T1 - From psychoanalytic narrative to empirical single case research JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 18 (No. 2, 2009), pp. 128-129. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ubilla, Enrique T1 - El concepto de salud mental en la obra de Erich Fromm JF - Revista Chilena de Neuro-Psiquiatría, Santiago de Chile 47 (No. 3, 2009), pp. 153-162. N2 - La obra de Erich Fromm se destaca por una visión holística del Hombre. Una preocupación permanente en su obra fue superar el dualismo clásico individuo vs sociedad y desarrollar una visión integradora fundamentada en la relación dialéctica de ambos. El resultado de esto fue su teoría caracterológica con su concepto de carácter social por un lado; y por otro lado su concepto de salud mental. En su labor clínica enfocó su atención a los fundamentos primarios que determinan la salud mental del Hombre y la consiguiente patología cuando estos son entrabados en su desarrollo. Su visión bio-psico-social conduce por lo tanto a un concepto de salud mental integrativo que excede las definiciones médicas tradicionales de su época. Lo fundamental de la visión de Fromm es su comprensión de la situación particular del Hombre en el mundo que él llamó conditio humana. N2 - Erich Fromm's work is unique due to his holistic visión of man. His main interest was to overeóme the traditional dualism between individual vs. society and to develop a fundamental concept that integrates the dialectical relationship of both. As a result, this was his characterological concept o/social character on the one side, and the concept o/mental health on the other side. In his clinical work hefocused his interests identifying the foundations which determines man's mental health and the ensuing pathology when man is unable to develop it. His bio-psycho-social visión of man, therefore, led to an integrative concept of mental health which exceeded traditional medical definitions of his time. Fromm's fundamental view is his comprehension of the particular human situation in the world, what he callea human condition. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uexkuell, Jakob von T1 - Globale Herausforderungen und Antworten JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 13 / 2009, Tübingen (Selbstverlag), p. 111. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d13/2009o Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ungaro, A. T1 - Carattere sociale – aggiornamenti del concetto da Fromm a Funk, Tesi di Laurea in Filosofia delle scienze socialy. Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze 2009, 79 p. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vasilev, Vasil T1 - Duhyt na syvremenostta prez pogleda na Erih From (The spirit of modernity through the eyes of Erich Fromm) JF - Electronic journal-LiterNet, 26.02.2009, № 2 (111) https://liternet.bg/publish23/v_vasilev/duhyt.htm Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vermote, Rudi T1 - Experiencing the shadow of the future JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 18 (No. 2, 2009), pp. 100-103. N2 - This text was written for a panel with the ambitious title >With Bion to the future.< Can we tell something about the future? Can we apply this to the future of psychoanalysis? And are some of Bion's concepts of any help to such questions? Bion, following Freud, tells us that the caesura between present and future is not so great. The shadow of the future is present. So how can we read this shadow with Bion as a companion? We may see the future as consisting of many probable evolutions – like an infinite number of virtual lines, growth curves or probability lines only one of which is becoming real. Which lines will develop; which seeds will grow? And is our mind equipped to have an idea of this? Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Viana, N. T1 - Erich Fromm e a Renovação da Psicanálise JF - Revista Espaço Livre. Vol. 4 (No. 08, Jul-Dez 2009), pp. 31-39. – Internet: http://espacolivre.sementeira.net Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Volkan, Vamik D. T1 - Large-group identity, international relations and psychoanalysis JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 18 (No. 4, 2009), pp. 206-213. N2 - This paper examines the psychology of ethnic, national, religious or political ideological groups composed of thousands or millions of people. In such large groups most of the individuals will never meet during their lifetimes. But, they share a persistent sense of sameness, >large-group identity.< This paper examines how this abstract concept, large-group identity, can become the central force that influences international relationships. Psychoanalysts who are willing to become involved in interdisciplinary initiatives can provide information to the diplomats about large-group psychology in its own right and suggest peaceful strategies for international conflicts. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Várela Fragoso, P. J. T1 - Psicoanálisis, carácter social y globalización JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanálisi (Ed.), Fromm, humanismo y psicoanálisi, México Vol. 2 (2009), pp. 19-24. N2 - Este trabajo trata de cómo se inicia el psicoanálisis con Freud, a partir de los conceptos centrales de una mente dinámica, y del Inconsciente, y de cómo se fue desarrollando y de las disidencias que existieron posteriormente al hacerse el psicoanálisis más complejo. De cómo Fromm incorpora al psicoanálisis aspectos sociales, dentro de lo que el llama una posición >sociobiológica<. También hace mención de la evolución del pensamiento en el hombre occidental, y de cómo las dos guerras mundiales impactaron en el pensamiento tranto de Freud como de Fromm, y en lo que este último llama >orientaciones del carácter<. Finalmente se plantea como un conflicto actual la disyuntiva entre un mundo enajenado, burocratizado y deshumanizado, y un mundo más racional, y del cuál es el papel del psicoanálisis ante tal situación. Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vásquez Lorenzana, A. D. T1 - Estrés, depresión y patologías fronterizas: ¿psicopatologías actuales? JF - Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanálisi (Ed.), Fromm, humanismo y psicoanálisi, México Vol. 2 (2009), pp. 35-46. N2 - a) To analyze some relevant contributions of marxist inspiration authors to the work and alienation theme. Concretely, we have analyzed contributions from Paul Lafargue, Agnes Heller, Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, André Gorz and Jon Elster. b) To elaborate a proposal for the development of a materialistic and compatible with ethical values theory of alienation. c) To scan the contribution of this proposal to the theoretical and empirical analysis of suffering in social links, and specially in work. This thesis contains three parts. One deals with the analysis of the theoretical contributions made from some marxists traditions to the work alienated question. Another deals with a theoretical development of that theory and its links with human suffering. And the last one deals with an empirical analysis of nineteen interviews made to workers from an automobile industry multinational enterprise. The followings are the fundamental conclusions of the theoretical and empirical analysis: a) The analyzed authors do not usually bring us a materialistic approach to alienation, and when they do it, they circumscribe the theory to the ethical values arena. b) There is an inevitable suffering in social life that should not be confounded with an inevitable alienation. c) Alienation, understood as lose of control among our controllable links, creates surplus coercions and sufferings. d) Conditions for the abolishment of surplus suffering are established where we recover control among our links. e) Work is a fundamental activity for the construction of our subjectivity and for the configuration of our social links. f) The way we produce and produce ourselves in work highly conditions the kind and intensity of our sufferings. Thereby, work is a fundamental arena in the strategy of avoiding avoidables sufferings. Y1 - 2009 ER -