TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Jianchun A1 - Lei, Mingzhen T1 - From Fromm’s Theory of Alienation to Read >Mara and Dan Adventures< [从弗洛姆的异化理论来解读《玛拉和丹恩历险记》] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Jiamusi Education Institute [佳木斯教育学院学报], No. 10 (2012), pp. 82-83. N2 - >Mara and Dan adventures< shows us the doomsday scenarios of world civilization comes to an end and prevalent in human spiritual crisis. This article from the perspective of Fromm’s theory of alienation to analyze the man and self man and nature, man and woman, person and the person in the novel, all have alienation phenomenon, and put forward some ways to eliminate the alienation. N2 - 《玛拉和丹恩历险记》给我们展示了一幅世界文明发展走到尽头的末日景象和人类普遍存在的精神危机。本文从弗洛姆的异化理论的角度分析了小说中的人与自身,人与自然,男人与女人,人与人之间都存在的异化现象,并提出了一些消除异化的途径。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Jing T1 - Lonely Experience of Life and Self-redemption – An Interpretation of Fromm's Philosophy of Modernity [生命的孤独体验与自我救赎——对弗洛姆现代性哲学的解读] JF - Journal of Shenyang University (Social Science) [沈阳大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 6 (2012), pp. 45-47, 51. N2 - With scientific and Technological Progress, people is loneliness under the Mechanization and the large-scale of industrialization. To overcome modern people's loneliness, emptiness and weakness, Fromm Considered love to be an Interpersonal Creative Capacity, but it could not help people achieve their self-redemption. In the view of historical materialism, Marx pointed out the direction of self-salvation of modern people from the loneliness experience, by the theoretical construction of communism. N2 - 分析了弗洛姆现代性理论重要概念>孤独<的基本内涵,认为随着现代社会的科技进步,人在机器化大工业条件下深刻地体验着生命的孤独,弗洛姆试图通过>创造性的爱<的理论建构来克服现代人的孤独、空虚和无力,并不能有效地让现代人实现自我救赎,马克思的历史唯物主义观点给现代人孤独体验的自我救赎之路指明了方向。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Jinglin T1 - A Study on Nineteen Eighty-Four in Light of the Theory of Alienation of Affection [情感异化理论观照下的《一九八四》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - With pungent satire and profound thought George Orwell has developed his political allegory novels with a unique style In view of his great contributions to literature and politics, he is known as the cold conscience of a generation. >Nineteen Eighty-Four< is one of the most outstanding works. Once published in1950, it became the focus of a heated discussion among all the sectors of society. Together with Brave New World (1932) by British writer Huxley and by Russian writer Zamyatin (1920), they are known as >Trilogy of Anti-utopian<. Nineteen Eighty-Four is at the peak of Orwell's career and makes him world-renowned. Being a masterpiece of political fiction literature, Nineteen Eighty-Four has been studied by many scholars as well as literary critics at home and abroad from different perspectives, such as political science, linguistics, existentialism, feminism, and so on. In this political allegory, the author consciously displays a vivid future totalitarian world. It is undoubtedly that in the environment, lacking both humanity and freedom, any attempts to resist or pursue humanity is doomed to fail. However, the previous studies only describe the various abnormal behavior of the people in the totalitarian environment without sorting out these abnormal states, underlying the causes of these anomalies, nor applying any possibility or way of humans' self-salvation. As the most important theorist of >New Freudianism< of the school of psychoanalytic psychology and an important member of the Frankfurt School, German psychiatrist Erich Fromm precisely provides a theoretical support for the unachieved study with the theory of >alienation of affection< of humanistic psychoanalysis. This paper tries to study the alienation of humanity in Nineteen Eighty-Four with the theory of alienation of affection. By probing the reasons of alienation of affection, the thesis also tries to find a possible and proper way out for the alienation of affection. The article consists of five parts, Introduction, three main body chapters, and Conclusion. Introduction mainly introduces Orwell's literary achievements and Nineteen Eighty-Four as well as the studies and comments at home and abroad concerned, and then points out: the significance of the paper is to analyze various morbid behavior displayed by the members in the authoritarian society of Oceania, reveal the root causes of the alienated phenomenon, and focus on exploring ways to escape from such a tragedy from the perspective of the theory of alienation of affection.– Chapter One is the theoretical basis, in which a detailed elaboration of Fromm's theory of alienation of affection is presented. Fromm devotes his whole life to the combination of Marxist social analysis and Freudian psychological analysis, and creates his own theory of >Humanistic Psychoanalysis<. It is on this foundation that his theory of alienation of affection is developed. This theory indicates that humanity is inseparable from the state of society. An unhealthy society causes people to be incapable of carrying out >love and creative work<, losing the ability to establish a positive contact with the world, resulting in a personal psychological mechanism of >escaping from freedom<, and in the end, giving rise to the alienation of affection. Alienation of affection is also the source of every kind of evil, such as violence and war.– Chapter Two analyzes the embodiment of alienation of affection in Nineteen Eighty-Four. Fromm argues that alienation of affection takes on three forms. >Love of Death< is an emotion for death and destruction, >Malignant Narcissism< means an excessive self-enhancement of ignoring the objective, while >Incestuous Symbiosis< represents an extreme form of Oedipus complex with a desire for losing self completely. Section One enumerates on how the >Love of Death< is displayed in the actions of the members of every stratum of the society; Section Two portrays the frantic state of >Malignant Narcissism< of the Party in Oceania; Section Three reveals a relationship of >Incestuous Symbiosis< existing between the Party and the rebels. The combination of the three will produce >Syndrome of Decay<, which is the root of all the evils in Oceania.– Chapter Three investigates the causes of alienation of affection in Nineteen Eighty-Four. Fromm believes that if emotion lies in the extrusion of >Dichotomy of Survival< on one hand, and limited by >social filter< on the other hand, man can hardly become his own, and alienation is the inevitable outcome. In Oceania, with an extreme repression, the Party uses three means of filtering, >Newspeak<, >Doublethink<, and >Thought crime<, according to their totalitarian will. These act as a social filter to restrict the social consciousness. Therefore, people are not able to possess a normal sense and will surely lose the capacity of escaping from alienation of affection.– Based on the above analysis and discussion, the thesis draws a conclusion. Human's survival and development are not isolated, but rather closely related to their social environment. The cultural, economic, political and other developments of the whole society have a decisive impact on shaping individuals' affection. A healthy society can provide a prerequisite for people to pursue >love and creative work<, creating possibilities for individuals to escape from loneliness and alienation of affection; this is the crucial factor in inhibiting the criminal activities in reality and avoiding the tragedy of humanity. Last but not the least, in fact, the analysis of the people's behavior and mental state in a morbid society of Nineteen Eighty-Four and the exploration of its inherent development and pursuit also have some practical significance to the present society. N2 - 乔治•奥威尔因其讽刺辛辣、思想深刻的政治寓言类小说而独树一帜。鉴于对文学与政治所作出的巨大贡献,他被称为>一代人的冷峻良知<。1950年出版的《一九八四》是奥威尔最杰出的代表作之一,一经出版便成为当时社会各界热议的焦点,与英国赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》(1932)以及俄国扎米亚京的《我们》(1920)并称为>反乌托邦三部曲<,是一部使奥威尔蜚声国际的巅峰之作。《一九八四》是政治小说文学的经典代表作,国内外众多学者及文学评论家已从政治学、语言学、存在主义、女性主义等多个不同角度评析了这部小说。在这部政治寓言中,作者有意为世人展现了一个逼真的未来极权主义世界。毫无疑问,身处这个人性与自由均缺失的反常环境中,人的任何追寻与抗争注定都会以失败告终。然而,以前的研究仅描述了在极权环境下人们的各种异常行为,并未对诸般异常状态进行归类,也未指出导致这些异常现象的根本原因和形成过程,以及人类自我救赎的可能性和出路。>新弗洛伊德主义<精神分析心理学派最重要的理论家、法兰克福学派的重要成员之一的德国精神病学家埃利希•弗洛姆的人本主义心理分析学中的>情感异化<理论恰恰为这一研究提供了理论支持。本文即是藉情感异化理论梳理、归类小说《一九八四》中人性异化的形式,探究其成因,并在一定程度上指出防止异化的可能的途径。全文共五个部分,即引言、三章正文和结论。引言介绍了奥威尔的文学成就和小说《一九八四》以及国内外对该作品的研究和评论,进而点明本文的研究意义:以弗洛姆的情感异化理论为观察视角,分析大洋国专制社会中其社会成员的各种病态表现,揭示引发这类异化现象的根本原因,并着力探寻摆脱悲剧的途径。第一章是本文的理论基础,详细阐述了弗洛姆的情感异化理论。弗洛姆终身致力于将马克思主义的社会分析与弗洛伊德的心理分析相结合,创造了>人本主义心理分析学<。在此基础上,发展出情感异化理论。该理论指出,人性的缺失或实现与所处的社会的状态密不可分。不健全的社会使人们无法进行>爱和创造性的工作<,失去了与世界建立积极联系的能力,造成个人逃避自由的心理机制,最后导致人们情感的异化。情感异化也是暴力、战争等一切罪恶产生的根源。第二章梳理《一九八四》中情感异化的形式。弗洛姆认为,情感异化的形式存在以下三种:>恋死<,一种对死亡、毁灭的爱;>恶性自恋<,无视客观的过度的自我膨胀;>共生性乱伦<,一种恋母情结的极端形式,渴望完全地失去自我。第一节列举了其各阶层社会成员带有>恋死<倾向的行为表现;第二节描绘了大洋国中党的>恶性自恋<的疯狂状态;第三节揭示了党和反抗者之间存在着的>共生性乱伦<关系。三种形式纠结在一起,便衍生出>社会衰亡症<,这是大洋国中一切恶产生的源头。第三章探究《一九八四》中情感异化的原因。弗洛姆认为,如果情感一方面处于>生存两歧<的挤压中,一方面又遭遇>社会过滤器<的限制,自然难成为其自身,异化是必然结局。小说里,人们为摆脱成长中的孤独感而自动选择逃避自由。同时,在极端压抑的大洋国社会中,党通过>新话<、>双重思想<和>思想罪<三种过滤手段,按照极权意志发挥着>社会过滤器<对社会意识的限制作用。故此,人们无法拥有正常的意识,不具备摆脱情感异化的能力。基于以上分析和讨论,结论部分指出:人类的生存和发展并不孤立,而是与其所处的社会环境息息相关,整个社会的文化、经济、政治等各方面的发展会对个人情感的塑造产生决定性影响。健全的社会可以为>爱和创造性的工作<的实现提供前提,为个体摆脱孤独、避免情感异化创造可能。这是抑制现实中各种罪恶行为、避免人性悲剧发生的关键所在,即有效防止个体及社会被异化的途径。推而广之,实际上,解析《一九八四》中人在病态社会中的行为和精神状态,探寻人的内在发展和追求,对当今社会也具有一定的现实意义。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Jingyu T1 - Am I a Devil? – A Look at the Sadistic Personality of the Protagonist in >Wonderland< from the Perspective of Erich Fromm’s Theory [我是魔鬼吗?——以弗洛姆的理论解读《奇境》主人公的虐待狂人格] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Nanyang Normal University [南阳师范学院学报], No. 4 (2012), pp. 80-83. N2 - 以弗洛姆关于虐待狂的理论,分析《奇境》一书中的主人公杰西虐待狂人格的形成原因,以及他行为中表现出的受虐特性与施虐特性。反映了>原始关系<的断裂使人产生孤独无力感;通过服从或控制外界这种消极的方式获取安全感,导致了人格的异化。 N2 - In light of Erich Fromm’s theory on sadisms, this paper is to analyze the sadistic personality of Jesse, the protagonist of Wonderland, including the reasons of its formation and the masochistic and sadistic features in Jesses’ behavior. The analysis illustrates that once the ‘primary bonds’ are severed, the individual would feel a sense of powerless and aloneness and that a negative way to acquire a sense of security through submission and domination would result in the alienation of personality. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Tingting T1 - Research on the Needs Theory of Ideological and Political Education from an Interdisciplinary Perspective [跨学科视角的思想政治教育需求理论研究], Master thesis, Ideological and Political Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2012. N2 - 思想政治教育的复杂性使得思想政治教育跨学科研究成为重要方法。需求理论是哲学和社会心理学研究的重要课题之一。需求理论与思想政治教育具有内在一致性。本文在思想政治教育研究成果的基础上,尝试从跨学科的视角研究思想政治教育需求理论,分析其特质,总结跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理论的影响。全文分三大部分,分别为概述跨学科的需求理论,分析需求理论与思想政治教育的内在联系,用跨学科的需求理论提升思想政治教育观、拓展思想政治教育途径和完善思想政治教育方法。第一部分:跨学科需求理论的概述。这是本文立论的前提。本文主要借鉴的跨学科需求理论包括:马克思的需求理论、马斯洛的需求理论、奥尔德弗的需求理论、勒温的需求理论、弗洛伊德的需求理论、麦克利兰的需求理论、马尔库塞的需求理论和弗洛姆的需求理论。第二部分:思想政治教育需求理论的特质。这是本文立论的基础。需求是个人与社会发展之间永恒的主题,思想政治教育的研究对象正是人,所以需求理论与思想政治教育具有内在一致性。分析思想政治教育需求理论的特质,是为下一步研究跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理论的影响打下重要基础。本部分主要从思想政治教育需求理论的内涵、特征、功能以及对思想政治教育需求理论的反思四个方面进行分析。第三部分:跨学科需求理论对思想政治教育需求论的影响。这是本文的核心部分。本部分在前两部分的基础之上,运用跨学科的需求理论,加强思想政治教育的理论研究。本部分主要从跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理念的提升、需求途径的拓展和需求应用的完善等方面进行论述。本文主要采用文献分析法、逻辑分析法和对比分析法来进行研究。相比之前学者的研究,本文运用了更多西方学者关于需求的理论,并结合这些理论对思想政治教育需求理论进行全方面的分析 N2 - The complexity of ideological and political education makes interdisciplinary research of ideological and political education an important method. Demand theory is one of the important topics in philosophy and social psychology. Demand theory and ideological and political education are inherently consistent. Based on the research results of ideological and political education, this article attempts to study the demand theory of ideological and political education from an interdisciplinary perspective, analyze its characteristics, and summarize the influence of the interdisciplinary demand theory on the demand theory of ideological and political education. The full text is divided into three parts. They are respectively an overview of interdisciplinary demand theory, analysis of the internal connection between demand theory and ideological and political education, and use of interdisciplinary demand theory to enhance the concept of ideological and political education, expand ideological and political education methods, and improve ideological and political education methods. The first part: an overview of interdisciplinary needs theory. This is the premise of this article. The interdisciplinary demand theories that this article mainly draws on include: Marx's demand theory, Maslow's demand theory, Alderfer’s demand theory, Lewin’s demand theory, Freud's demand theory, McClelland’s demand theory, Marcuse's demand theory and Fromm’s demand theory.– The second part: The characteristics of the demand theory of ideological and political education. This is the basis of this article. Demand is an eternal theme between individual and social development. The research object of ideological and political education is human beings, so demand theory and ideological and political education are inherently consistent. Analyzing the characteristics of the demand theory of ideological and political education is to lay an important foundation for the next step of research on the influence of interdisciplinary demand theory on the demand theory of ideological and political education. This part mainly analyzes the connotation, characteristics and functions of the demand theory of ideological and political education and the reflection on the demand theory of ideological and political education.– The third part: the influence of interdisciplinary demand theory on the demand theory of ideological and political education. This is the core part of this article. On the basis of the first two parts, this part uses interdisciplinary demand theory to strengthen theoretical research on ideological and political education. This part mainly discusses the improvement of the demand concept of ideological and political education by the interdisciplinary demand theory, the expansion of demand channels and the improvement of demand applications. This article mainly uses literature analysis, logic analysis and comparative analysis to conduct research. Compared with previous studies by scholars, this article uses more Western scholars' theories on demand, and combines these theories to make a comprehensive analysis of the theory of demand for ideological and political education. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xinyang T1 - The Number of Officials in the >Escape from Freedom< [有多少官员在>逃避自由<] JF - Boat Together [同舟共进 ], No. 5 (2012), p. 15. N2 - 我说中国的一些官员在>逃避自由<,有人会说我脑子有问题——中国官员有太多的自由,会有人>逃避自由<吗?的确,现今世界上恐怕没几个国家的官员像中国官员这样在行为上有那么大的自由度。但不要忽视,他们在逃避着另一种自由,这就 N2 - I said some officials >Escape from Freedom<, some people will say that my mind - Chinese officials have too much freedom, someone >Escape from FreedomBlood Meridian< [《血色子午线》中霍尔顿法官的战争本性] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Anshun University [安顺学院学报], No. 4 (2012), pp. 17-18, 30. N2 - Cormac McCarthy is one of the most distinguished writers in contemporary American literature. His masterpiece Blood Meridian is a text set in the western border of the United States, in the which, based on the shocking with historical fact that American white slaughtered American Indians just after the end of America-Mexico war, McCarthy Shaped Holden, the central figure of the novel, to the spokesperson of the war. With the view of text analysis, the nature of Holden who pursues war is discussed by the theory of human destructiveness proposed by Erich Fromm, the famous psychologist and philosopher. The bloody scenes presented in the novel reflect the cruelty of war, and indicate the long-existence of war, which remind people to fight against the source of war to enjoy a peaceful life. N2 - 当代美国著名小说家科马克.麦卡锡的代表作《血色子午线》是一部以美国西部边境为背景的小说。文中,麦卡锡基于美墨战争后在美国西南部发生的大肆屠杀印第安人事件,将小说的中心人物霍尔顿法官塑造成为战争的代言人。作者从文本分析的角度,阐析了小说中霍尔顿法官的战争本性,以血淋淋的场景来反思战争的残酷,并提出战争将会永远存在,只有认清引起战争的本源,并与其不断抗争,人类社会才有希望。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yanmei T1 - Out of the Fog of Consumption – Resolution on Consumer Alienation [走出消费的迷雾 -对消费异化的解析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2012. N2 - 消费是人类物质生产与再生产中的一个重要环节,也是人类生存与发展的首要条件之一,但在当代>异化<却侵入了消费领域,以符号消费、奢侈消费、盲目消费为代表的消费方式,正在把我们人类引向一种可怕境地,这不得不引起我们对消费方式的反思。本文通过对消费异化的概念、特征及危害的阐述,使我们了解到,消费异化实质是一种脱离了消费者的正常需要,与消费的本质相背离,控制或操纵消费者,且具有严重危害性的非正常消费方式。这种非正常消费方式给自然、社会以及人自身都带来了严重危害。本文通过运用马克思的异化劳动理论分别从资本、商品拜物教等不同角度揭示出了造成消费异化的根源。同时面对我国目前消费领域中出现的种种异化现象,结合西方马克思主义扬弃消费异化之路的思想,特别是弗洛姆的>人道化消费<思想和生态马克思主义学派的>构建新的社会主义<思想,力图寻求即与我国当前经济发展水平、生态环境水平和资源状况相适应,又与人们的精神需要相协调的和谐消费模式,以期为最终走出消费的迷雾寻求人类的精神家园作出有益的尝试。 N2 - Consumption is human material production and reproduction an important role in human survival and the development also is one of the primary condition, but in the contemporary >alienation< hacked into the consumer areas to symbol consumption, luxury consumption, blind consumption, as a representative of the consumption pattern, are we humans to a terrible situation, this had to cause us to reflect on the way of consumption. This article through to consumption alienation of the concept, characteristics and harm paper, that we know, consumption alienation is essentially from the consumer's normal needs, and the essence of consumption departure from, control or manipulate consumers, and has a serious danger of abnormal consumption status. - The abnormal consumption to nature, society and the way people themselves with the serious harm. This article through the use of Marx's theory of alienation from each of the alienated labor, capital, commodity fetishism and so on the different Angle reveal the cause the origin of consumption dissimilation. While facing our country at present the consumption in the field of all kinds of alienation appear, combined with the western Marxist sublation of the road of consumption dissimilation thoughts, especially Fromm's >humanitarian change consumption< thought and ecological Marxist school of >constructing new socialism< thought, find out a namely and China's current economic development level, the ecological environment level and resources situation, the adapt, and the spirit of the people and to coordinate the harmonious consumption mode, finally out of the fog of consumption for the human spirit home. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yanyang T1 - Theoretical Path to Political Psychology: On Taking the Study of Erich Fromm for Example [试论政治心理学的理论路径——以埃里希·弗洛姆的研究为例] JF - Journal of Shanxi University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) [山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 6 (2012), pp. 86-89. N2 - On the basis of the theories of Marx and Freud and through the expoundation is on the rationality of theoretical integration Fromm made a systematic integration - of the two theories. This integration not only gave consideration to such dimensions as history, society, economy and psychology, but also incorporated micro and macro-theoretical perspectives, on which Fromm raised theory of social character and created a rather unique theoretical path to political psychology. N2 - 在马克思与弗洛伊德学说的基础上,通过对理论整合合理性的论证,弗洛姆对两种学说进行了系统性整合。这种整合兼顾了历史、经济、社会、政治与心理等多个维度,而且融合了微观与宏观理论视野。弗洛姆不仅以此提出了社会人格理论,更开创了一支颇为独特的政治心理学研究路径。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yehua T1 - Review Fromm’s >Marx’s Concept of Man< [评弗洛姆的《马克思论人》], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012 N2 - 人的问题是马克思一生关注的主题,马克思从自然、社会、实践的三维视角,全面系统的讨论人的问题,从而实现了人的理论的变革。马克思人的思想诞生以后,引起了中西方学者的高度关注,弗洛姆就是其中之一。面对20世纪社会上人的问题的种种困惑,弗洛姆选择了马克思,在《马克思论人》一书中,对马克思有关人的思想进行分析和解读,试图从中找出解决的方法。本文认为,弗洛姆对马克思人的论述在一定程度上丰富了马克思的思想,但也存在着一些误解和曲解。本文对弗洛姆《马克思论人》中的观点进行了具体评析,由以下四个部分组成:第一部分,主要介绍了弗洛姆解读马克思思想所处的社会历史背景及其理论来源。20世纪初,战争的动乱,资本主义社会的经济危机不断爆发,社会中出现了一系列的问题,如人的信仰缺失和社会化生活机械化的倾向是弗洛姆解读马克思理论提供了现实基础;就理论来源来说,主要是弗洛伊德的精神分析理论、马克思的>异化<理论以及历史唯物主义对弗洛姆所产生的影响。第二部分,总结和提炼了马克思有关人的思想,介绍了马克思的人的思想发展历程,归纳了马克思人的本质内涵,并对马克思人的思想的特点做总结。马克思人的思想是逐步发展、逐步深化的,是对前人思想批判和吸收的基础上形成的,黑格尔的>绝对精神<和费尔巴哈的>类本质<都对马克思产生过极大的影响;马克思从自然、实践、社会的三维视角,对人的问题作了一个全面的阐述,自然存在物的人是基础,实践存在是人发展的动力,社会实践是人本质表现;马克思的人的思想具有现实性、多重性、统一性和发展性的特点。第三部分,主要从四个角度介绍弗洛姆《马克思论人》中对马克思人的思想的理解。关于异化理论,弗洛姆认为马克思的异化意味着主体和客体的分离,包括人的劳动过程异化和劳动结果异化两方面,异化问题历来就有,在资本主义到达顶点,并认为马克思没有预见到异化的程度;关于社会主义,弗洛姆认为马克思的社会主义的目标是实现人的解放,是一种先知式的救世主义的土壤,是基督教理想和个人理想的结合;历史唯物主义方面,弗洛姆认为历史唯物主义超越了传统的唯物主义,是人道主义和自然主义的结合,人的历史由劳动创造,是与大自然进行斗争的历史;关于人的本性,弗洛姆认为马克思所说的本性就是《手稿》中的本质,劳动是人本质实现的方式,马克思对资本主义的批判不是针对经济,而是针对人性异化,其所要做的就是实现将人从异化中解放出来。第四部分,主要对弗洛姆的思想进行评析。弗洛姆认识到了人在历史中的地位,社会主义的目标是实现人的解放,并结合精神分析学去分析社会中人的问题,丰富和发展了马克思人的思想;但他忽视了历史唯物主义的基本矛盾,没有看到人的本性和人的本质的区别,片面的夸大了异化的适用范围,脱离了社会现实;弗洛姆的思想为我们解决生活中的过度消费、人心空虚等问题提供了新的视野。 N2 - Marx focused the question of man in all his life. He discussed it on three-dimensional, natural, social, practical, which helped achieve the change of the theory. The birth of Marxist man's thoughts attracted lots of Western scholars' attention; Erich Fromm is one of them. Fromm chose Marx when he faced much confusion about social man in the 20th century. Marx's Concept of Man analysis and interprets man's thoughts of Marx, trying to find out the solution. Author holds that Fromm enriches the ideas of Marx, but there are also some misunderstandings and misinterpretations. - This paper evaluates Fromm's concepts in Marx's Concept of Man, which is made up of following four parts: The first part describes the social and historical background and theoretical sources of Fromm's interpretation of Marx's thinking. In early20th century, the turmoil of war and economic crisis broke out a series of problems, such as lack of faith and social tendencies of the mechanization of life. Fromm interpretation of Marxist theory intends to provide a realistic basis, which is from Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Marx's >alienation< theory and historical materialism.– The second part summarizes and refines the man's thoughts of Marx and his thinking process, then sums up the essence of Marx's definition of man, and concludes the characteristics of Marx's man thinking. Man's thoughts of Marx are gradually developed on the basis of Hegel's >absolute spirit< and Feuerbach's >class nature<. Marx gave a comprehensive understanding about man on three-dimensional perspective, which is consists of natural, practical, and social. Natural existence is the basis of practice, which is the power of the human development and the nature of man. Marx's mind about man has the characteristics of reality, multiplicity, unity and development.– The third part introduces Fromm's understanding of Marx's man thinking in Marx's Concept of Man from four perspectives. On the theory of alienation, Fromm think that Marx's alienation means the separation of subject and object, including the alienation of the labor process and labor product. Alienation has always been existed, but in capitalism it reaches the top. He recognized that Marx did not foresee the extent of alienation. About socialist, Fromm believes that the goal of Marxist socialism is the liberation of man, a prophet-like savior which is a combination of Christian ideals and personal ideals. In historical materialism aspects, Fromm thought that the traditional historical materialism was surpassed by historical materialism, which is a combination of humanitarian and naturalistic. The history of human is created by labor and the struggle with nature. About human nature, Fromm said Marx's interpretation of nature is that in the Manuscript. Labor is the way in which man to achieve, and Marx's critique of capitalism is not for economic but for the alienation of human nature. What they need to do is to achieve liberation from alienation.– The forth part gives a critical analysis of Fromm's thought. Fromm knew the status of people in history, and the goal of socialism is the liberation of man. He still analyzes the social human issues combined with psychoanalysis, which develop man's thoughts of Marx. But he ignored the basic contradiction in historical materialism. He could not see the difference between human nature and human character, and he exaggerated the scope of alienation, which made him separated from the social reality. But Fromm's thinking provides new perspective for us to resolve excessive consumption and people empty. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Xia T1 - Fromm Mature >Love< and its Impact on Shaping the Modern Concept of Love Revelation Students [弗洛姆的成熟的>爱<及其对现代大学生爱情观塑造的启示] JF - Youth Literator [青年文学家], No. 27 (2012), pp. 226. N2 - 弗洛姆的成熟的爱是人格全面发展的体现,是一种能力,它包括给予、关心、责任心、尊重和认识五个相互联系、相互作用的基本要素,是所有爱的形式所共有的。他的成熟的爱对于我们正视现代大学生爱情观存在问题,进而塑造大学生积极健康爱情观有许多启示作用。 N2 - Fromm mature love is the full development of personality manifestation, is an ability that includes giving, caring, responsibility, respect and understanding of five interrelated and essential elements of the interaction is all love the common form. His love for us mature students to face the modern concept of love problems, thus shaping the college has many positive health concept of love inspiration. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhong, Jieping T1 - Interpretation of Alienation in the Figures of >If We Dream Too Long< [《假如我们梦太久》中人物的异化解读] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Youth Literator [青年文学家], No. 6 (2012), pp. 80-81. N2 - 新加坡英语文学以其众多的优秀作品引起了越来越多学者们的关注。吴宝星的小说《假如我们梦太久》是当代新加坡文学中现代意义上的第一部英语文学小说。该书以独立不久的新加坡为背景,讲述了新加坡人独特的生活经历。本文旨在以弗洛姆的异化和健全理论探讨小说中主人公光萌在不健全社会里的挣扎、反抗和自我追寻的历程,最终光萌选择去爱这个世界而不是逃避或者妥协。 N2 - Singapore English literature for its many outstanding works attracted more and more attention from scholars. Pauline Star's novel >If we dream too long<, Singapore is a contemporary English literature's first literary fiction in the modern sense. The book soon after independence, Singapore is the story of a unique life experience Singaporeans. This article aims to Fromm's alienation and the hero of the novel sound theoretical discussion in light Meng unsound society struggle, resistance, and self-pursuit of history, finally light Meng choose to love or to escape this world rather than compromise. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Ping T1 - Fromm’s Ethical Thinking of Care from the Perspective of Character and Moral Values [从品格学角度看弗洛姆关爱伦理思想的道德价值] JF - Journal of Changsha University [长沙大学学报], No. 3 (2012), pp. 67-69. N2 - 研究弗洛姆的关爱伦理思想,必须将伦理学和心理学结合起来。在其关爱伦理思想体系中,他将品格学注入对道德价值的阐释中,在深度和广度上都有所增益,极富特色。 N2 - Fromm caring ethical thinking ethics and psychology combined. System of caring ethical thinking, he character learn injected interpretation of moral values in the depth and breadth of the gain, full of character. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Dai T1 - >The Way of the World< and >The Human Heart< – Diagnosis, Treatment and Healing Accor¬ding to Fromm [世道<与>人心< – 弗洛姆的诊断、治疗和拯救], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2012. N2 - 在弗洛姆看来,异化既是>世道<的病态,也是>人心<的病态。马克思是针对>世道<病态的人道抗议者,劳动异化本质上是人性异化和非人化,而马克思的目标是人的自由和解放。弗洛伊德是针对>人心<病态的人道关怀者,异化亦是心理的异化,表现为原欲的压抑和疏离的体验,因此人的解放亦是人心的解放。弗洛姆对异化的社会病理诊断,是从人性世界的精神诊断入手的。人性是善恶同体的。从个体性格看,爱生、爱人和独立性是积极的品质,爱死、自恋和乱伦固结是消极的品质。从社会性格看,创生倾向、成长综合症等是积极的品质,非创生倾向、衰败综合症等是消极的品质。弗洛姆对异化的社会治疗方案,包括了从>世道<到>人心<的各个维度和层面:消除人性的异化,满足人的需求,包括爱、自由及自我实现的需求等,是治疗的人道目标,这个目标通过培养健全的人格和建构健全的社会来共同完成。弗洛姆的拯救,是把爱作为一种伦理原则和一种信仰:人的世界应该是爱的世界,爱既是对人的信任,也是一种积极的自由。爱是一种艺术,需要克服个人的自恋,发展谦卑,需要客观性和理性以及培养他生性。弗洛姆启示我们:人性是一个既包括自然属性又包括社会属性,既包括理性又包括感性,既包括意识又包括无意识的多维度、多层面的范畴,>以人为本<应以这个人性范畴为本,而>和谐社会<的建设,也应该包括从>世道<到>人心<的多个维度和多个层面,是系统性的和整合性的。 N2 - For Fromm, alienation is both the pathology of the >way of the world< and the pathology of the >human heart<. Marx was a hu-mane protestor against the pathology of the >way of the world<, and the alienation of labor is essen-tially the alienation and dehumanization of humanity, while Marx's goal is the freedom and liberation of human beings. Freud was a humanist caring for the pathology of the human heart, and alienation is also psychological alienation, manifested in the experience of suppression and alienation of origi-nal desires, so the liberation of the human heart is also the liberation of the human heart. Fromm's socio-pathological diagnosis of alienation begins with the spiritual diagnosis of the world of human nature. Human nature is both good and evil in the same body. In terms of individual character, love of life, love of people and independence are positive qualities, while love of death, narcissism and incest fixation are negative qualities. In terms of social personality, generative tendencies and growth syndrome are positive qualities, and non-generative tendencies and decay syndrome are negative qualities. Fromm's social therapy program for alienation includes all dimensions and levels from >the way of the world< to >the human heart<: the elimination of human alienation and the satisfaction of human needs, including the need for love, freedom and self-actualization, are the humane goals of therapy. The development of a sound personality and the construction of a sound society come together to accomplish this. Fromm's salvation is love as an ethical principle and a belief: that the world of man should be a world of love, and that love is both a trust and a positive freedom. Love is an art that requires the overcoming of personal narcissism, the development of humility, objectivity and rational-ity as well as the cultivation of otherness. Fromm reveals to us that human nature is a multi-dimensional and multi-faceted category that includes both natural and social attributes, both rational and emotional, both conscious and unconscious, and that >people-oriented< should be based on this category of human nature, while >a harmonious society< should be based on this category of human nature. It should also include multiple dimensions and levels, from >the way of the world< to >the human heart<, in a systematic and integrated manner. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Yu T1 - The Existential Dilemma and Ideological and Political Education of Contemporary Students – From Fromm's View of Escape from Freedom [当代大学生的生存困境与思想政治教育——从弗洛姆的逃避自由观说起] JF - Journal of Socialist Theory Guide [理论导刊], No. 1 (2012), pp. 71-73. N2 - 了解当代大学生的生存状态和现实需要,是提升高校思想政治教育实效性的基本途径。以弗洛姆的逃避自由观为理论背景分析当前社会条件下大学生的生存困境和心理机制,问题的解决需要政治、经济、文化等各种力量的整合,尤其需要对人精神的引导,这为思想政治教育的发展提供了契机。 N2 - Understanding the living conditions and realistic needs of contemporary university students is the basic way to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education in universities. The solution to this problem requires the integration of various forces such as politics, economy and culture, especially the guidance of human spirit, which provides an opportunity for the development of ideological and political education. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zingale, Nicholas C. A1 - Piccorelli, Justin T. T1 - A View from Erich Fromm on Individuality Within Organizations JF - Administrative Theory and Praxis, Vol. 34 (No. 2, 2012), pp. 211-236. N2 - Do individuals have freedom or are they free? This project utilizes phenomenology and Erich Fromm's concepts of having and being to explore the issue of awareness through the lens of individuals working in public and private organizations. It argues that awareness of freedom is not only structurally constrained within organizations, but serves to conflate a way of being. Further, it suggests, individuals, and especially societal leaders, have a responsibility to take a stand and act according to what provides them with meaning so as to preserve and expand access to individual freedom. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zuo, Danhua T1 - To Have or to Be – Fromm’s Critical Society Theory [占有还是存在 – 弗洛姆社会批判理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 2012. N2 - >占有还是存在<这是一个现代生活中的重要问题,也是弗洛姆社会批判理论和实践中一条隐含的线索。本文首先对重占有和重存在两种生存方式进行了剖析,从中挖掘出了弗洛姆这一生存理论的前提,即人道主义原则、异化理论和社会性格理论。在此基础之上指出他这一理论的主旨:社会批判基础之上的社会拯救——构建>新人<和>新社会<。弗洛姆整个生存方式理论是以他对人性的分析作为基础的,人性中所固有的矛盾性是出现两种生存方式对立的根本原因,而人性中的主动和创造性本质又是消除这种对立,使得人类最终扬弃>重占有<的生存方式,建立>重存在<的生存方式的可能性所在。整篇文章的主要目的是对弗洛姆生存方式理论做一个较为全面的整理工作,同时站在马克思主义的哲学立场上对他的这种理论进行了分析。他这一生存方式理论主要涉及了三个方面:第一,对人的本性、人的生存状况作出的分析说明;第二,对社会状况、特别是社会病态进行了批判剖析;第三,为医治社会、拯救人类提供方案。这三方面也是他整个社会哲学所主要进行的工作。尽管弗洛姆的理论有偏颇之处,但是他为综合马克思的历史唯物主义和弗洛伊德的精神分析学说所做的努力是不容忽视的,正是他的这种努力为我们打开了一个应用马克思主义哲学分析当下社会问题的新视角。 N2 - >To have or to be?< is an important question in modern life, as well as an implicit clue in Fromm's social-critical theory and practice. This paper first analyzes the two modes of existence, namely, possession and existence, and finds out the premises of Fromm's theory of existence, namely, the humanitarian principle, the theory of alienation and the theory of social character. On this basis, he points out the main theme of his theory: social salvation on the basis of social criticism - the construction of a >new man< and a >new society<. The contradiction inherent in human nature is the fundamental reason for the emergence of two opposing ways of living, while the active and creative nature of human nature is the key to eliminate this opposition and make human beings finally abandon the >possession-oriented< way of living and establish a >new society<. The possibility of a >re-existential< way of being. The main purpose of the whole article is to make a comprehensive arrangement of Fromm's theory of ways of life, and at the same time analyze his theory from a Marxist philosophical standpoint. This way of life theory mainly involves three aspects: firstly, the analysis and explanation of human nature and human existence; secondly, the critical analysis of social conditions, especially social pathologies; thirdly, providing solutions for healing society and saving mankind. These three aspects are also the main work of his entire social philosophy. Despite the bias of Fromm's theory, his efforts to synthesize Marx's historical materialism and Freud's psychoanalysis should not be overlooked, and it is his efforts that have opened up a new perspective on the application of Marxist philosophy to the analysis of current social problems. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Anderson, Kevin ED - Rockwell, Russell T1 - The Dunayevskays-Marcuse-Fromm Correspondence, 1954-1978. Dialogues on Hegel, Marx, and Critical Theory, Lanham (Lexington Books) 2012, 267 pp. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN ED - Pereira, Salézio Plácido ED - Froner, Carla Cristine T1 - Teoria e técnica da psicanálise humanista (Theory and technique of humanist psychoanalysis), Santa Maria, Brazil (Editora Instituto de Psicanálise Humanista) 2012, 244 pp. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN ED - Szekacs, Judith ED - Keve, Tom T1 - Ferenczi and His World. Rekindling the Spirit of the Budapest School. London (Karnac) 2012. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - GEN ED - Szekacs, Judith ED - Keve, Tom T1 - Ferenczi for Our Time. Theory and Practice. London (Karnac) 2012. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - GEN T1 - Psychodynamic Psychiatry. The Official Journal of The American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry, Guilford Press, Vol. 40 (2012). Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - BOOK ED - Fromm, M. G. T1 - Lost in Transmission. 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