TY - JOUR A1 - Renik, Owen A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - Commentary on >dissociative processes and transference-countertransference paradigms …< by Jody Messier Davies and Mary Gail Frawley JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 04 (1994), pp. 235-245. Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - Conflicting interests and the creation of a >third space<. Reply to commentary JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 04 (1994), pp. 661-665. Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - From holding receptacle to interior space – The protection and facilitation of subjectivity. Commentary on paper by Joyce Slochower JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 06 (1996), pp. 599-622. N2 - With the breakdown of the hegemonic hold of ego psychology on American psychoanalysis, we have been groping for ways to describe, explain, and label a new paradigm. A variety of terms have been offered, including participant observation, social constructivism, and intersubjectivity. In this paper, I use the phrase two-person psychology to embrace all these dimensions of the new paradigm. I suggest that both the ongoing struggle to define this paradigm and the proliferation of names for it are due to the fact that any viable psychoanalytic paradigm must address issues at least at three levels of discourse: the developmental (the origin of self and object representations), the ontological (the essentials of human nature), and the epistemological (on what basis and in what ways can we claim to know anything about anyone's unconscious psychology, including our own?). Perhaps the most widely recognized part of the one-person versus two-person dichotomy is the developmental component. At the developmental level, the question at stake has been whether we interpret as if children make themselves up or as if they are largely created by their parents. Ontologically, what is ultimately at stake in the one-person versus two-person debate is the fate of the concept of resistance. Any two person psychoanalytic theory of therapy will be forced to abandon the notions that resistance is intrapsychic and that resistance is the ego's primary agenda in the psychoanalytic situation. Finally, any psychology that is >two-person< at the epistemological level will assume that conscious insight, intellectual or emotional, is an event in a dialogue, not an achievement of a lone and private mind contemplating itself. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - From sexual misconduct to social justice JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 06 (1996), pp. 675-688. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - Having a mind of one's own and holding the other in mind:Commentary on paper by Peter Fonagy and Mary Target JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 06 (1996), pp. 909-916. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - Intersubjective Distinctions: Subjects and Persons, Recognitions and Breakdowns: Commentary on Paper by Gerhardt, Sweetnam, and Borton JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 07 (1997), pp. 603-618. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - Locating dialogue a. Reply to Flax JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 08 (1998), pp. 237-246. Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - More Life: Centrality and Marginality in Human Development JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 08 (1998), pp. 573-582. Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - Probing the Boundaries of the Relational Paradigm: Commentary on Paper by Jeremy Safran JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 09 (1999), pp. 617-620. Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - The bilingual self – thoughts from a scientific positivist or pragmatic psychoanalyst? Reply to Massey JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 12 (2002), pp. 899-913. N2 - This paper is a response to an essay by Drew Westen. The author agrees with many of Westen's arguments about problems in the psychoanalytic literature and adds that the psychoanalytic literature has always been a problem for psychoanalysis. If we think of psychoanalysis as an ongoing experiment, then its >trials< are all the analytic sessions that have been conducted. Our >literature< has never systematically drawn on those. Westen critically scrutinizes certain habits that, in his view, haunt our literature, but that we do not explicitly note or disown as conceptual contrivances we mean to get rid of, while they are often misguiding clinical thinking and practice. I suggest that a fascinating question riding below the waves of Westen's paper is why patients and analysts accept this situation. I suggest that we all treat psychoanalysis as wisdom, art, relationship, skill, and something other than the application of established scientific findings because we recognize and accept it as that kind of human activity. It is unclear if patients care whether or not their analysts are scientists, but it is clear that analysts are not optimistic about sifting the research literature and finding clear clues to more effective clinical thinking, work, or writing. Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - The patient's perception of the analyst's self-disclosure. Commentary on Amy Lichtblau Morrison's paper JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues, Vol. 14 (2004), pp. 193-206. N2 - Right now, North American psychoanalysis, taken as a whole, seems rough-edged compared with its European counterparts. It puts more emphasis on the reality of other minds that inevitably influence and limit the ways in which the patient's unconscious psychology does and does not become available for analytic scrutiny and change. It is more in the United States, than elsewhere, that a new literature on sexuality (as a key source of fantasy, transference, countertransference, anxiety, etc.) is vital. We are more eager to incorporate ideas from France and Britain than French and British psychoanalysts are to adopt ours. Affect has assumed a more direct and explicit role in American literature than in British or French literature. Finally, the expectation is more urgent here that psychoanalytic treatment will work, that the quality of patients' subjective and relational lives and the quality of their loving and working will be better after analysis. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - Applications, Implications, Complications: Reply to Reviews by Elkind, Gerson, and Levine JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 03 (1993), pp. 177-208. N2 - A challenge is offered to the characterization of psychoanalysis as suffering from potentially fatal epistemic flaws and needing to ground itself in the language of hermeneutics, neuropsychology, or infant observation in order to survive. Psychoanalytic truth is neither made up nor discovered. Psychoanalytic propositions are true in the important sense of being the most useful statements we can make right now about the nature and functioning of the human unconscious. Psychoanalytic theories evolve through rational critical discourse just as theories evolve in all fields of science and scholarship. Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spezzano, Charles T1 - Aspects of core gender identity JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 03 (1993), pp. 267-278. Y1 - 1993 ER -