TY - JOUR A1 - Ziege, Eva-Maria T1 - Die politische Theorie des jungen Erich Fromm. Über seine soziologische Dissertation JF - Faber, Richard, and Ziege, Eva-Maria (Eds.), Das Feld der Frankfurter Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften vor 1945, Würzburg (Königshausen und Neumann) 2007, pp. 177-182. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Xia T1 - On Humanistic Thoughts of Teachers and Its Inspiration to Chinese Teacher Education, Master thesis [论人本主义教师观及其对我国教师教育的启示], Principles of Pedagogy, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 2007. N2 - Humanistic Co-educational thought has been the academic hot topic in our country these years, and especially has attracted widespread attention in the educational theories. Especially, its discussion on the teachers plays an important inspiration in the development and reformation of teacher education of our country. Based on lots of reference materials and documents, this research is carried out by the methods of theoretical studies, comparisons and educational investigation, systematically clarifying the humanistic notions of teacher and the inspiration on teacher education. The dissertation is composed of three parts. The first part analyzes the theoretical background of the research, then put forward the issue that the dissertation is to deal with.– The second part probes into the basic connotation and theory origin and analyzes the revelational significance. In this part, the author chooses three representative humanistic psychologists Carl R. Rogers, A. H Maslow, E. Fromm to introduce their teacher idea, pointing out that the teacher who is considered by humanists is a self-actualization, creative and personality person, who should be sincere to their students and trusting them. A teacher should be a facilitator who is able to lay down a cooperation-system with students; meanwhile the thesis discusses about the main methods of training teachers.– The third chapter emphasizes the inspiration Humanistic educational thought brings to our national development of teacher education. For example, the aim of teacher education should be more humanistic, and more attention should be paid to future teachers, etc. In a word, this thesis intends to attract more attention to make our teacher education more humanistic. [Author’s translation] N2 - 人本主义教育思想是近年来学术界的热点话题,受到教育理论界的广泛关注。特别是它关于教师方面的论述对我国教师教育的发展和改革有着重要的启示。本文研究的主要内容是人本主义的教师观及其对我国教师教育的启示。全文分为三部分:第一章阐述了本文研究的理论背景以及问题提出的意义。第二章分析了人本主义的内涵、理论渊源、产生的理论基础及社会根源,并分析了它的启示意义;在此基础上分别选取了三位具有代表性的人本主义心理学家弗洛姆、马斯洛和罗杰斯,阐述了他们的教师观,即教师应是一个能自我实现的人、有创造性及有个性的人;对学生真实,认可、承认、信任学生,对学生能够作移情性理解;他是一个促进者,能与学生建立起>融洽型<的师生关系;同时还论述了人本主义教师培训的主要方式。第三章主要讨论人本主义教师观对我国教师教育发展的启示:如教师教育的培养目标应人本化;加强对未来教师人文素养的培养;培养自我充分实现的教师;构建人性化的教师继续教育模式等等,最终使我们的教师教育走向人本化。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zheng, Yawei A1 - Wang, Tong T1 - On Fromm’s Personality Theory and Modern Personality Culture [论弗洛姆的人格理论与现代人的人格培养] JF - Career Horizon [职业时空], No. 2 (2007), pp. 30-31. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是德国法兰克福学派重要成员。他既是马克思的信徒,同时又是弗洛伊德的学生,这样的双重身分使他的研究领域明显区别于法兰克福学派的其他成员。他大大发展了弗洛伊德的思想,创建了独具特色的>人本主义精神分析<。 N2 - Erich Fromm is an important member of the Frankfurt School, Germany. He is both the followers of Marx, Freud students, this dual identity so that his field of study was significantly different from the other members of the Frankfurt School. He greatly to the development of Freud's ideas, to create a unique >humanistic psychoanalysis<. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Zhao, Zongjin T1 - Yìshù de bèihòu: Fú luò mǔ lùn yìshù 艺术的背后:弗洛姆论艺术 [Behind Arts: Erich Fromm on Art], Changchun: Jilin meishu chuban she 吉林美术出版社 [Jilin Fine Arts Publishing House], 119 pages.[Application of Fromm's theories to art] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Youkui T1 - Refusing to >Abstract Matter<: Theoretical Approach of Western Marxism JF - Journal of Nantong University (Social Sciences Edition), No. 2 (2007), pp. 28-32. N2 - Some successors of Marxists once insist that the >substanceabstract matter< of old materialism. Western Marxists who are the affirmative or negative of >substance< commonly demand re-understanding Marx’s texts because they think that the judgment doesn’t embody the real Marxist philosophical revolution. With the refusing to >abstract matter<, Lukács, Fromm, Schmidt and Gramsci etc.do their most to emphasize ontological significance of historical practice and the nullity of two-pattern of materialism and idealism to understanding Marxist philosophy. Though Western Marxism excessively emphasis on practice, their theoretical approach has important theoretical significance to the research of contemporary Chinese Marxist philosophy. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 6/2023] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yangbo T1 - Freedom: Heavy Yoke – Read Erich Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [自由:沉重的枷锁——读弗洛姆的《逃避自由》] JF - Tribune of Social Sciences (Academic Review Volume) [社会科学论坛(学术评论卷)], No. 10 (2007), pp. 98-102. N2 - 自由是人类社会不断追求的理想,匈牙利革命诗人裴多斐就曾给自由给予了极高评价:>生命诚可贵,爱情价更高,若为自由故,两者皆可抛。<诗句成为激励每一代社会 N2 - Freedom is the constant pursuit of the ideal of human society, the Hungarian revolutionary poet Pei Fei had given much freedom to give a high evaluation: >Life is precious, and love even if it is free, both can be thrown.< poem became the inspiration for every generation of social. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xiaowei T1 - A Research on Fromm’s Theory of Solitariness, Marxist Philosophy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China 2004, 41 pp.[Application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - Solitariness, if taken literally, means >one by himself, loneliness< and belongs to one of psychological senses from personal consciousness. While Fromm, having experienced a lonely childhood and about 50-year psychiatry, thought that it is a philosophical problem which the whole human must confront objectively. And then Fromm founded his theory of solitariness in a three-step deduction.– Firstly, solitariness is a theory of social character. Fromm’s social character means the mass’s common character parts at the same time and in the same place. Fromm thought that Fascism was caused by the escape of freedom, which was caused by solitariness when it went extremely, solitariness was so hard for men to endure that they began to escape from freedom and became solitary which led to the fascism, In Germany the after-war treaties’ signing, proletarian revolution’s defeat, the inflation and the economic depression sped up the growth of solitariness as a problem of social character.– Secondly, solitariness is a theory of social unconsciousness. As social character is dominant and controlled by its recessive counterpart which Fromm called social unconsciousness. It means the commonly pressed fields owned by a society’s most members. During the Middle Age, the people obeyed the secure morals, strict teachings and grew an off-world attitude so that nothing happened. In the Rebirth period economic development brought the modern men and made them freer, but at the same time, destroyed the traditional social structure. And then solitariness appeared as a problem of social unconsciousness until the Religion Reform times, it had been temporarily solved because of Martin Luther and Calvin’s new teachings.– Thirdly, Solitariness is a theory of human spirit. After all, solitariness is a problem of human spirit. Because once man came to birth, they left Nature and the animals’ kingdom and became much lonely in the pre-historic period. However, it was not felt by man without self-consciousness. During the Ancient Civilization Times, the primitive social structures were destroyed and the problem appeared. Entering the Axle Age, human spiritual structure, which was used to deal with the solitariness, were founded in both eastern and western societies at the same time. N2 - >孤独<本属普通名词,意指个人主观的一种孤单、寂寞的心理感觉。但有过孤独童年与大半生心理医生经历的弗洛姆却把孤独作为其社会心理学和心理分析学的对象,并且以《逃避自由》为主要文本形成了其包括社会性格、社会无意识和人类精神在内的孤独理论。第一,孤独-社会性格理论。弗洛伊德把孤独归咎于个人,赖希从探讨法西斯主义入手,提出了群体独裁说。弗洛姆在前两人的基础上产生群体孤独概念并进而形成他的孤独-社会性格理论:自由本是西方文化的一大优良传统,但走向极端也会出现孤独,而孤独本身是难以忍受的。德国大众之所以甘愿逃避自由并俯首屈从于法西斯主义乃在于他们养成了迎合法西斯主义的孤独的社会性格。第二,孤独-社会无意识理论。社会性格是一种显性的社会意识,控制它的则是社会无意识。无意识一词为弗洛伊德首创,意指个人的生活状况所特有的处境而造成的对人压抑的内容。弗洛姆在此基础上提出了>社会无意识<范畴,并将其定义为一个社会最大多数成员共同被压抑的领域。弗洛姆认为:在中世纪,人们共同遵守一种有感情的、具有安全与归属感的社会道德秩序,严格笃信宗教教义并且养成了灵活的悖论思维与豁达的出世心态。加之经济活动又服务于人的需求,因此孤独被束缚于内。进入文艺复兴时期,经济发展一方面使个人更加自由,另一方面也彻底摧毁了曾经给予他安全与归属感的传统社会结构。于是,现代式孤独随之而产生。到了宗教改革时期,路德的因信称义思想与加尔文的宿命论暂时消弭了世人的孤独感。于是,孤独被转化为隐性的社会无意识。第三,孤独-人类精神理论。孤独虽然暂时得到解决但并非一劳永逸,因为孤独的最终原因并未找到。弗洛姆认为:早在史前时代,孤独就已产生。因为人类一经出现,他们便脱离自然而离群索居并与动物永别。尽管极其孤独,但由于这时没有明显的自我意识所以他们尚未发觉孤独的存在。到了古代文明时期,人类历史上第一轮经济大发展摧毁了原始的社会秩序,人类的孤独意识开始觉醒。进入轴心期,人类精神在东西方同时建立,比较彻底地解决了孤独这一问题。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Ling T1 - The Symbolical Meaning of Technology and Its Effect on Social Psychology [技术的符号意义及对社会心理的影响], Master thesis, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2007, 51 pp. N2 - At the beginning of technology, it was taken seriously by people because of its tremendous material benefits. But people have seemingly ignored the correlation between technology and social psychology when they take material benefits seriously. Technology is created by people’ rationality, so it is normally imprinted by human psychology. It is seemingly insignificant to pay more attention to this one-way correlation. But at present, this one-way correlation has gone and never comes back. Social psychology need still leads the direction of technical development, but at the same time, technology has affected the development of social psychology. According to this, the main body of this article tries to look upon the technology as a one kind of peculiar symbol and study its effect on social psychology by using >Symbolic Interactionism<. Through the analysis on a lot of technical examples, we realize that with changing the way of communication, technology has affected social psychology on two aspects: active and negative one. Technology has satisfied the feelings of freedom, agreement and vent and its application has benefits on maintaining social mentality and defending the harmonious development of entire human society. But at the same time, technology also upsets the human being’s socialization course, breaks up human groups, makes social psychology tend to become more and more distant and attacks the moral concepts existed in social psychology. We cannot deny the active effect of technology on social psychology, but we also cannot ignore its negative effect. On further analysis, we realize that this negative effect should be attributed to the alienation of social psychology. The alienation makes people lose their self-determination of psychology. Social psychology has controlled by technology, becomes a slave of technology and manifests a kind of trend of technologization. That is one of the important manifestation of modernity crisis. Under the push of >Gestell<, human society is also more and more like a >technology field< and a difficult position of the modern rational person has been formed from this. Then can we not rotate this trend?– The main body of this article tries to find a way to avoid alienation and makes technology go well with social psychology by using >Humanization of Technological Society< of Fromm. We can think that it is a feasible way to pay more attention to people themselves, push the prefect of social psychology and the reasonable application of technology and lead the development of technology rationally by technology morality and humanity spirit. N2 - 从技术产生之初至今,因其带给人类的巨大的物质利益,就一直受到人类的高度重视。然而,在对物质利益顶礼膜拜的同时,人类似乎忽视了技术与社会心理之间的关联。技术是人凭借理性创造与发展起来的,因此理所当然带有人类心理的印记,在一定程度上反映了人类的心理需求,对这一单向度的关系关注过多似乎并没有多大意义。可是时至今日,技术与社会心理之间的单向度关系已经一去不返了,人类社会心理需求依然主导着技术的发展方向,但与此同时,技术却也对社会心理的发展产生影响。有鉴于此,本文试图利用符号互动理论切入此问题,将技术视为一种特殊符号,从而研究技术对社会心理产生的影响。通过对大量现实的技术事例的分析表明,技术作为一种符号,在改变人类社会心理的交流方式和情境的基础上,对社会心理产生了积极与消极两方面的影响。技术的发展满足了人类社会心理中的自由感、认同感和宣泄感,有利于维持社会心理的平衡,维护整个人类社会的和谐发展。但与此同时,技术也打乱了人类的社会化进程,导致了人类社会的群体分裂,使人类社会心理趋于冷漠化与功利化,冲击了社会心理中原有的伦理道德观念。技术对社会心理的积极影响是不容否认的,但它的消极影响也是不容忽视的。进一步的分析显示,这种消极影响源于技术的异化现象。技术的异化使人类丧失了心理的自主性,人类社会心理逐渐被技术控制,成为技术的奴隶,越来越显示出技术化的倾向。这也是现代性危机的重要表现之一。在技术座架的促逼下,人类社会也越来越像一个>技术领域<由此形成了现代>理性人<的困境。那么,人类社会心理技术化的倾向完全不可逆转吗?针对此问题,本文试图借助弗洛姆的技术人道化理论,找到一条避免异化,使技术发展与社会心理形成良性互动的和谐发展道路。通过分析,本文认为,注重人的因素的介入,促进人类社会心理的完善及对技术的合理运用,并加强对技术的人文关怀,理性地运用技术伦理加以引导应是避免社会心理技术化的一条可行之路。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Hongyan T1 - Humanism of Marx – Fromm's Concept of >Marx< Interpretation [人本主义的马克思——弗洛姆的《马克思关于人的概念》解读] JF - Yunnan Finance & Economics University (Social Sciences) Journal of Economics & Management [云南财经大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 2 (2007), pp. 9-10. N2 - 埃里希.弗洛姆是西方马克思主义著名人学家。《马克思关于人 的概念》系弗洛姆早期最重要的西方马克思主义著作,也是20世纪将马克思哲学重新人本主义化的重要文献。此书中,弗洛姆第一次明确提出马克思主义哲学的本 质为人本主义的观点,讨论了他重新解释马克思历史唯物主义的基本观点,在这里,他反对将历史唯物主义诠释为经济决定论,而突出强调马克思主义的人学特 征。 N2 - Erich Fromm is the Western Marxism famous anthropologists. Marxist concept of Western Marxism Department of Fromm's most important early works, in the 20th century, Marxist philosophy re-humanism of important documents. Book, Fromm first clearly the essence of Marxist philosophy man humanistic point of view, to discuss the basic point of view of his re-interpretation of Marx's historical materialism, where he interpreted as opposed to historical materialism economic decisions On highlighted Marxism characteristics. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Hao T1 - An Analysis of the Philosophy of >Them< in View of Freedom [《他们》的自由观之哲学解析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2007. [Application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - Joyce Carol Oates is a well-known American woman writer famous for her prolificacy and her wide coverage of genres in literary creation. The larger proportions of Oates' works present the readers the earthly existence and the spiritual crisis of the contemporary Americans. Of many of her excellent novels, >Them< is the most typical and representative. In >Them<, the vicissitude of the American society between 1930s and 1960s is fictionalized and showed through the experiences of the Wendalls during these 30 years, including the mother Loretta, the daughter Maureen, the son Jules and his lover Nadine. The novel records the spiritual bewilderment and identity confirmation of the contemporary American people, especially those from the lower strata of the society through the ups and downs of the Wendalls.– Freedom can be classified into two types: passive freedom and active freedom. The different understandings of >freedom< held by the different characters in them as well as their distinct ways of pursuing >freedom< constitute the striking feature of this novel, which adds a great deal to the thematic depth. Loretta's resigning herself to fate, Maureen's attaching herself to >authority< and Nadine's searching freedom through death can be classified into >negative freedom<. And Jules' shouldering responsibility while pursuing freedom can be regarded as >positive freedom<. Freedom has always been a popular theme since Plato and Aristotle. Philosophers in history hold their own opinions toward >freedom<, such as Paul Sartre's theory of >freedom and responsibility<, Martin Heidegger's >freedom and death< and Erich Fromm's >freedom and escape<. All of them are endowed with great importance in the history of western philosophy. Also the theories mentioned above are instructive in understanding the different ways of pursuing freedom adopted by different characters in the novel >Them<.– Through the different understandings of freedom held by the characters, the essence of freedom is disclosed: only the freedom which teaches people to face the objective world courageously and to shoulder the responsibility toward other people when searching one's own ideal freedom, is the true, positive and correct understanding of freedom. N2 - 乔伊斯•卡罗•欧茨是蜚声当代美国文坛的一位多产女作家。欧茨小说大都透过作者的眼睛使读者们身临其境地感受到当代美国人的精神困惑和生存状态。小说《他们》(1969)就是这样一部反映当代美国人对>自由<具有相同渴望,却通过不同方式追寻它的优秀代表作。小说描写了上个世纪30年代至60年代间的美国社会变迁,并通过主人公温德尔一家中的母亲洛雷塔,女儿莫琳,儿子朱尔斯及其他几位人物在这30年间的动荡经历,表现了所有同时代的美国白人,尤其是处于社会底层的穷人普遍的精神困惑、自我定位与自由追寻。小说中几位人物对>自由<的相异的理解及不同的追求方式所形成的大相径庭的>自由观<更是给小说平添了丰富的内涵,并成为了具有时代意义的主题。>自由<主要分为<积极自由<和>消极自由<。《他们》中的三位主要人物:母亲洛雷塔、女儿莫琳、情人娜旦都在追求自由的过程中受到了挫败,致使她们对自由的渴望走向了消极追寻的道路。洛雷塔任凭命运摆布的>纯重力<的自由观,莫琳把自己依附于他人的>颠倒自由<的自由观,还有娜旦通过死亡解脱的>终极<的自由观都可 被视为消极自由—也就是通过摆脱自由的方式来追寻>自由<即逃避自由。朱尔斯所体现出的>自由与责任并重<的自由观则可被纳入积极自由之列。小说《他们》中主要人物对自由的认识与追寻并由此所表现出的自由观在弗洛姆,海德格尔和萨特等人>自由<理论的关照下体现了自由的真理:只有勇敢地面对现实世界,在选择自由的同时,也承担起自由的责任,才是真正意义上的自由,是值得肯定的自由。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Fengmei T1 - Reich's Freudian Marxist Thought and Its Implications [赖希的弗洛伊德主义马克思主义思想及其影响], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2007. N2 - || This paper, through the combing and analysis of Reich's Freudian Marxist thought, clarifies the theoretical interest of Reich's thought, and discusses his seminal contribution and his important influence on other Freudian Marxist thinkers. Firstly, the theoretical interest of Reich's thought is to realize the dialogue and integration between Freudianism and Marxism on the basis of consistency and complementarity, and to take the dialogue and integration of categories, theories and methods as a means. Secondly, he fused the problem of sexuality with socio-economic, political and revolutionary issues, thus creating the theory of personality structure analysis and the theory of >sexual revolution< based on the theory of sexual instincts, and >supplementing< the ideological theory of Marxism. He discussed the psychological basis of the emergence of fascism, criticized the revolutionary strategy of Soviet socialism, and so on. Thirdly, Reich's seminal contribution to Freudian Marxism had a significant impact on other Freudian Marxist thinkers, especially Marcuse, Fromm, Habermas and others. Of course, Reich's theories are still utopian and paranoid in some respects, and there are also some misinterpretations and misinterpretations of Marxism, but some of Reich's ideas and theories still shine with brilliance and light, and are still valuable and worthy of reference for us today. [Automatic translation] N2 - 本文通过对赖希弗洛伊德主义马克思主义思想的梳理和分析,阐明赖希思想的理论旨趣,探讨其开创性贡献及其对弗洛伊德主义马克思主义其他思想家的重要影响。首先,赖希思想的理论旨趣是实现弗洛伊德主义与马克思主义之间建立在一致性和互补性基础之上的对话和融合,并以范畴、理论、方法的对话与融合作为途径。其次,他将性的问题和社会经济、政治、革命等问题相融合起来,从而创立了性本能理论基础上展开的性格结构分析理论、>性革命<理论,并对马克思主义的意识形态理论进行了>补充<,探讨了法西斯主义产生的心理基础,批判了苏联社会主义的革命策略等。第三,赖希对弗洛伊德主义马克思主义具有开创性贡献,对弗洛伊德主义马克思主义其他思想家,特别是马尔库塞、弗洛姆哈贝马斯等产生了重大影响。当然,赖希的理论还带有乌托邦主义的色彩,而且在某些方面仍然是偏执的,对马克思主义也存在着某些误读和曲解,但是赖希的某些思想理论仍然闪烁着异彩和光辉,对于今天的我们仍然是宝贵的和值得借鉴的。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Young, Barbara T1 - The Efficacy of Psychoanalysis and the Analytic Therapies: Reflections of a Psychoanalyst and her Former Patients JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 313-334. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yin, Jie T1 - The United States in the Relationship – Cao Yu's >Thunderstorm< New Solution [美在关系 - 曹禺《雷雨》新解], Master thesis, Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China 2007 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - After the text has been the read in detail, instructed by the concept of >overall view< of the structuralism and the literary thought of Diderot's >aesthetic because of relationship<, this dissertation sets Zhou Puyuan in various real relationships such as the relationship between him and his family members, Shi Ping, the blank image – >a madam from a wealthy and influential family<, his employees, etc. and, thus, it has been discovered that he is a typical image of the morbid character of >sadism-masochism<, leaning towards the character of a sadism, being analyzed under the psychoanalysis esthetics by Erich Fromm, who belonged to the Frankfurt School. Having completely observed the possible factors forming Zhou Puyuan's morbid character has promulgated the mass production of Chinese people having the morbid characteristic of >sadism-masochism< and the cultural causes.– This creative explanation has enriched the representative significance of Zhou Pu-yuan's typical image. In the eye of the relationship between a part and its whole body, it has also been found that the >Thunderstorm< imagery, the appearance of >Holy Bible< at the end of the Epilogue and the dramatic roles' repeating >Tian< and >Tian yi< are organically combined to express the meaning of the whole frame of >Thunderstorm< – the relationship between human beings and the universe in an artistic technique. Through synthesizing the text, the author's view on writing and the history of literary criticisms, it can be concluded that people's destinies are mainly determined by the overall effects of several factors: hereditary gene, people's subjective initiative, home environment and social environment, the mysterious power from the Supreme Human Beings in the universe, which is all expressed in >Thunderstorm<. Eugene O 'Neill, evaluated by Zhu Donglin, obtained various Degree, etc. of achievements as a naturalist, a realist, a symbolist, an expressionist, a psychoanalyst, a mystic or even a poet, so did Cao Yu except as a psychoanalyst and a mystic. Having been studied in this dissertation, Cao Yu could also be considered as a psychoanalyst, a mystic as well during his writing >Thunderstorm<, and a prophet as well as a dialectical materialist. N2 - 通过文本细读,以结构主义>整体观<和狄德罗>美在关系<文论思想为指导,主要运用法兰克福学派埃里希•弗洛姆的精神分析美学分析人物性格特征,把周朴园置于各种>现实关系<——与家人的关系、与侍萍的关系、与那个>空白<——>有钱有门第的小姐<的关系、与工人的关系等方面进行全面的、整体的人物性格分析,发现周朴园是典型的>虐待—被虐待症<的病态性格,偏重于>虐待症<性格。对周朴园病态性格形成的可能性因素进行了考察,揭示出中国国民>虐待——被虐待症<病态性格的大批量生产和文化根源。这一创新性阐释丰富了周朴园典型形象的代表意义;从部分与整体的关系视角,发现了文本中的>雷雨<意象、剧终时《圣经》的出现、剧中人台词——>天<与>天意<的反复言说,这三部分被有机地结合在一起,形成了对《雷雨》整体框架所表达的意蕴>人与宇宙的关系<的艺术表现;通过对文本、作家创作论、评论史的综合考察,可以看出,《雷雨》表现了人的命运主要受遗传基因、人的主观能动性、家庭和社会环境、宇宙中高于人类智慧的神秘力量几方面因素的综合作用。朱栋霖认为作为自然主义者、现实主义者、表现主义者、精神分析者、神秘主义者、象征主义者,或者作为诗人,奥尼尔都取得了不同程度的成就,除掉>精神分析者<、>神秘主义者<外,完全可以用来评价曹禺,本课题研究认为曹禺作为诗人剧作家也是一位精神分析大师;创作《雷雨》时的曹禺也是一个神秘主义者,又是一个辩证唯物主义者、一个先觉者。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Yuanyuan A1 - Liu, Houtian A1 - Jiang, Ping T1 - On Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< Concept [试论弗洛姆的>逃避自由<观] JF - Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) [ 广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ], No. S1 (2007), pp. 126-127. N2 - 弗洛姆是西方马克思主义的重要代表人物,他把自由的获得与自由的丧失视为共生的两极,人类越是获得自由,同时也就意味着越是丧失自由。现代人陷人了普遍的生存困惑中,从而选择了>逃避自由<。 N2 - Fromm important representatives of Western Marxism, his freedom get considered symbiotic poles with the loss of freedom, human more free, at the same time means more loss of freedom. Modern trap people the popular survival confused, select the >escape from freedom<. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Yang T1 - Freud: In Search of Human Nature [弗洛伊德:探寻人性] JF - Comprehensive Reading for Students, No. 12 (2007), pp. 56-57. N2 - 心理学家弗洛姆曾经说:>先知 … 他是一位揭示那已被预先决定了的未来的预言者吗?他是一个坏消息而不是好消息或愉快消息的传播者吗?<在他的心里,他的老师、精神分析的鼻祖弗洛伊德就是这样一位先知。 N2 - The theoretician Fromm once said, >Is the prophet ... a prophet who reveals the future that has been predetermined? Is he a purveyor of bad news rather than good or pleasant news?< In his mind, his teacher, Freud, the originator of psychoanalysis, was such a prophet. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Lin T1 - What is Love? – Comments on Fromm's >The Art of Loving< [爱是什么——述评弗洛姆《爱的艺术》] JF - Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Social Science) [重庆理工大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 5 (2007), pp. 83-87. N2 - Fromm holds that love is the answer to the question of the existence of human beings; the essence of love is >giving<; love includes forms of universal love, maternal love, sexual love, self-respect, loving of God, etc, but all love forms include the basic factors of concern, responsibility, respect, understanding, etc. The contemporary western social structure and western culture cause the alienation of western society and the decline and fall of love. Fromm’s theory of love emphasizes on the problem of love from the angle of psychology, having his reasonable factors and progressing significance. N2 - 弗洛姆认为爱是对人类生存问题的回答;爱的本质是>给予<;爱包括博爱、母爱、性爱、自爱、神爱等形式,但所有爱的形式都包含关心、责任心、尊重和了解等基本要素。而当代西方的社会结构和西方文化导致了西方社会爱的异化和爱情衰亡。弗洛姆关于爱的理论着重从心理学的角度去探讨爱的问题,有其合理因素和进步意义。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Cunhua T1 - An Analysis of Fromm's Concept of Freedom [弗洛姆的自由观探析], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2007. N2 - Freedom is the theme that people have been trying to search after and the object that people have been trying to obtain in old times. However, people have different opinions of freedom. People mainly think that human can obtain the freedom as soon as the external chains vanish, but Erich Fromm had different ideas. He thought there were dual freedom in the world and found a way to the freedom. His thought has important theoretical and realistic meanings. This thesis is mainly composed of four parts as following.– First part aims at introducing social background and ideological origins which Erich Fromm’s freedom ideology produced, and his special experience that affected his freedom ideology. The days that Fromm lived in was former 80 years of last century, in which various social contradictions were sharp .Two times world war, economic crisis and nuclear weapon brought people huge disaster and became large social laboratory including his special experience. All these things formed realistic basis of his freedom ideology. Freud’s psychoanalysis theory, Marx’s historical materialism theory and alienation theory, Zen Buddhism thought exerted great influence to forming Fromm’s freedom ideology.– Fromm’s freedom ideology is discussed in detail in second part. Firstly, the meaning of Fromm’s freedom is simply explained. His freedom has dual meanings: one is active freedom and the other is passive freedom. Active Freedom is a feeling that people want to do and volunteer to do something, passive freedom is a feeling that people get rid of external chains. Logically active freedom includes passive freedom but passive freedom doesn’t include active freedom. Next, the essay carefully analyzes the relation of freedom and alienation, freedom and spontaneous action, freedom and democracy. The passive freedom that all people attain cannot make the soul peace either can get the active freedom. Only the sound people who do things spontaneously can get active freedom.– The aim of third part is mainly to feel and think freedom. Firstly, according to of the turn of the development of society analysis the attitude and situation, that people chase the freedom. Especially, people in modern society has contradictive thought that people chase freedom and are afraid of attaining it. Next, according to grow of person, state the character of freedom in period of psychology. Different period of society and psychology, people have different attitude on freedom. This suggests freedom is existent essence of human. Freedom exists accompanying human existence. The human development history is also the history that people chase freedom. Freedom is different according to different individuation. All in this meaning is passive freedom. Passive freedom only can make people feel lonely and anxiety and escape from freedom. To eliminate this situation, Fromm gave serial social reform measures to build a sound society. Connection this part with second part is that sound people who live in sound society can get the active freedom and reveal humanity.– The fourth part aims at evaluating Fromm’s freedom ideology properly, according to the rule that getting rid of the bad and absorbing the good. Fromm’s dual freedom ideology provides people with new thread that chase freedom. Psychoanalysis of escaping from freedom deepens the understanding of modern society and our national modern construction. The relationship between freedom and spontaneous action has an important meaning. Analysis of psychology and society provides a worthy method for studying history and analysis of individual. Concrete measures on social reform that Fromm put forward have some suggestive meanings for fast developing China. Meanwhile, because of the limit of history and theory, Fromm’s freedom ideology is inevitably idealistic. He could not find a real path leading to freedom. The text gives the recapitulative comment at last. N2 - 自古以来,>自由<就是人们孜孜不倦探索的话题,也是人们努力要实现的目标。然而,在>自由<这个问题上历来就是众说纷纭,各抒己见。人们大都认为只要消除掉外在的束缚就可以获得自由,但弗洛姆却持有不同的看法,提出双重自由观并论述通向真正自由的道路,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文主体共分四个部分:第一部分,阐述弗洛姆自由思想提出的社会理论背景、社会现实背景及其特殊的生活经历对自由思想的影响。弗洛姆生活的年代也就是上个世纪的前八十年,是各种社会矛盾尖锐的时期,两次世界大战、经济危机、核武器等给人们带来巨大的灾难,也成了生活在其中的弗洛姆的>社会观察室<,再加上自己独特的家庭环境和个人经历就形成了弗洛姆自由思想的现实基础。弗洛伊德的精神分析法,马克思的历史唯物主义和异化理论,东方的禅宗思想都对弗洛姆自由思想的形成产生过重大影响。第二部分,在多重关系中对弗洛姆自由观进行横向分析论述。首先对弗洛姆>自由<的内涵作了简单的说明:>自由<具有双重的含义——积极自由和消极自由。积极自由就是>主动的、自愿的做……的感觉<,在人人平等的基础上尊重个性的发展,在个人自我之上没有更高的权力,自我个性的实现是唯一的目的和最高的目标。消极的自由就是指>摆脱……的束缚而获得的感觉<,是人挣脱了外界的障碍、束缚后的无拘无束、自由自在。在逻辑上积极自由包含消极自由,消极自由则不含积极自由的意思。接下来,详细分析自由和异化、自由和自发性活动、自由和民主的关系。说明了全体异化的人们所获得的消极自由无法让内心安宁,也不能达到积极的自由,只有通过自发性的活动塑造健全的人,才可能寻得积极自由。第三部分,阐述弗洛姆在社会发展和人的心路历程中纵向感悟自由的思想。首先,按照社会发展的顺序,分析在各个时代的人们追求自由的情况和对自由的态度。特别说明了在现代社会人们既追求自由又逃避自由的矛盾心理。接下来,按照个人年龄的增长,说明人们心理各阶段的自由特点。通过社会和人心理各个不同阶段对自由的不同反应说明:自由是人存在的本质,自由伴随着人类的存在而存在,一部人类发展史也是一部人类追求自由的历史,自由随着个体化程度的不同而不同,这个意义上都是消极的自由,消极自由只能让人们感到焦虑、孤独,从而逃避自由。为了消除这种状况,弗洛姆提出一系列的社会改革措施以建立健全的社会。这一部分和第二部分的内容结合起来的思想就是:健全的人在健全的社会里生活才能通达积极自由,使人性充分的展现。第四部分,旨在依据>去其糟粕,取其精华<的原则试图对弗洛姆的自由思想做出恰当的评价。弗洛姆的双重自由观为人们追求自由提供了新的思路;逃避自由的心理分析加深了对现代社会和我国现代建设的理解;自由与自发性活动的关系的论述对现代社会有重要的意义;心理和社会相结合的分析为研究历史事件和分析个人情况提供了一个值得借鉴的方法;提出的社会改革的具体措施对于正在阔步前进的中国有一些启发意义。同时,由于历史和理论的限制,弗洛姆的自由观不可避免的带有空想性,没能找到一条真正可以到达自由的道路。文章最后对弗洛姆自由观的局限性作了概括性评述。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Fangjie T1 - Fromm’s Alienation Theory [弗洛姆关于人的异化理论评析] JF - Journal of Socialist Theory Guide [理论导刊], No. 9 (2007), pp. 36-38. N2 - 弗洛姆从人的本质及异化的角度阐述了对马克思主义哲学的理解。他认为,异化是人的主观体验和感受,是对生产性潜能这一人的本质的否定;社会主义是对人的异化的扬弃;当今资本主义社会中每一个人都是异化的。在对道德和资本主义现实批判的意义上,弗洛姆的异化理论具有一定程度的积极意义。然而,他对马克思关于人的本质及异化的理解是片面的,有意割裂了马克思主义的整体发展进程;由于自身的理论局限性,他关于这一问题的论述存在许多不正确的地方。 N2 - Fromm, from the point of view of human nature and the alienation elaborate understanding of Marxist philosophy. In his view, of alienation is a subjective experience and feelings of the people is the negation of the essence of the productive potential; socialism is the sublation of alienation; everyone in today's capitalist society is alienation. Fromm's theory of alienation in the sense of morality and reality of capitalist critique, with a certain degree of positive significance. However, his understanding of the essence and alienation Marx is one-sided, intentionally fragmented the overall development process of Marxism; limitations due to their own theory, his discourse on this issue there are many incorrect place. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xue, Rong T1 - Fromm's Theory of Social Psychology [弗罗姆社会心理学的理论基础] JF - Academic Research [学术研究], No. 4 (2007), pp. 54-59. N2 - 弗罗姆的社会心理学是对马克思的历史唯物主义和弗洛伊德的精神分析学整合的成果。本文的分析表明,他的整合实质上是用历史唯物主义修正精神分析学,他的社会性格学说是运用马克思主义的具体体现,对当代资本主义的批判更是借鉴了马克思的异化理论。他积极地批判与干预现实,践行了马克思>重要的是改变现实<的实践哲学。弗罗姆不仅为我们提供了运用马克思思想的典范,也对我们认识马克思主义的价值,发展马克思主义有重要的意义。 N2 - Fromm's social psychology is the historical materialism of Marx and Freud's psychoanalysis integration results. This analysis shows that he is essentially the integration of historical materialism correction psychoanalysis, his social character of the Marxist doctrine is the use of a concrete manifestation of the critique of contemporary capitalism is borrowed from Marx's theory of alienation. He actively critique and intervention reality, practice Marx >It's important to change reality< practical philosophy. Fromm not only provides us with a model for the use of Marxist ideology, but also for us to understand the value of Marxism and Marxism has important significance. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xue, Rong T1 - Fromm's Social-psychological Critique [弗罗姆的社会心理学批判] JF - Modern Philosophy [现代哲学], No. 3 (2007), pp. 61-68. N2 - In the light of an integration of Man's thoughts and Freudian psychoanalysis, Fromm revises Freudian individual-psychological theory and changes it into a social-psychological one based on Marx's historical materialism, by which he develops the accounts of social character and social unconsciousness that serve in his criticisms of capitalism. N2 - 弗罗姆的社会心理学是对马克思的思想和弗洛伊德的精神分析理论综合的结果,他以历史唯物主义为基础,修正和发展了弗洛伊德的精神分析学,将弗洛伊德的个体心理学发展为>社会心理学<,并将他在心理学上的发现和成果——社会性格学和社会无意识——用于对资本主义的批判。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Yong T1 - The Study of the Politics in Popular Culture 大众文化政治研究, Doctoral dissertation, Literature and Art, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2007 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 在经过十多年的发展后,中国的大众文化研究逐渐走向成熟,许多深层次的理论问题一一暴露出来,大众文化政治问题就是其中的一个。可以说,>政治<一直是大众文化研究或隐或显的主题之一,这个主题需要思考的是:大众文化问题是在什么意义上成为政治问题的?它的内涵是什么?应该怎样认识和评价这种内涵?在某种意义上,研究大众文化政治不仅是一个理论探讨的问题,它还是一个思想解放的问题。然而目前关于这个问题的系统的研究还比较缺乏。本文将从这种问题意识出发,分别从商品、语言和美学三个维度入手对大众文化政治进行研究,以求达到理论探讨和实践分析的双重突破。本文共分四章:第一章梳理大众文化研究的基本概念和理论范式。>大众文化<本来是一个西方语境中的概念,但在文化研究成为前沿显学的时候,中国学界常常把大众文化当成一个不言自明的概念在使用。然而任何一个社会的词语都不是纯粹中性和客观的知识,它背后都隐藏着政治利益和权力斗争。西方大众文化研究在选择用popular culture(褒义)还是mass culture(贬义)来命名大众文化的时候,更多地是出于立场与评价方面的考虑。例如阿多诺使用的是mass culture,甚至是culture industry(文化工业),洛文塔尔则是mass culture和popular culture混用,而到了当前的费斯克等人则完全舍弃mass culture而使用popular culture。这个用语的转变体现的是对大众文化认识和评价的转变,即从否定大众文化(法兰克福学派主流)到肯定大众文化(英美文化批评)的转变。大众文化这个西方概念在进入中国语境时不可避免地与民间文化、通俗文化、革命性大众文化等概念发生语义上的纠缠,为了捍卫大众文化的独立性,肯定其积极的政治潜能,一些学者有意识地把大众文化与其它相似概念区分开来,并且对大众文化进行了现代意义上的界定。接下来,本章着重梳理了大众文化研究范式转换的历史,总体来看,它表现为从注重政治经济学批判的社会分析向注重符号解读的文化研究转换的过程。不同的研究范式对应着不同的政治立场。当前大众文化研究所处的困境之一是批判的弱化和政治关怀的空洞化,学界有种观点认为这种不良状况是由社会分析的退场和符号解读的兴起导致的,由于政治经济学范式可以做到对文化和社会进行细致深入地分析,并且将这种分析建立在坚实的社会实践基础之上,因此它能够在很大程度上弥补当前文化研究的某些不足。这种观点可以说切中当前大众文化研究的弊端,但是我们认为,如果社会分析的再出场就意味着符号解读的退场,那么我们又将失陷在另一种历史话语的迷宫之中。要解决这些复杂的问题,在学科上必须实现政治经济学与文化研究的统一,在研究范式上必须实现社会分析与符号解读的统一。本章最后本着这种范式理想,以改革开放后的中国社会为个案分析了社会结构与大众文化功能之间的对应关系:如果说现代社会的中间层是整个社会的政治稳压器,那么中间层所代表的大众文化也是文化意识形态领域的稳压器,稳压器的作用就是削峰填谷,所以大众文化既反对保守,也反对盲目的激进。第二章从商品维度入手分析大众文化政治。与传统文化形式相比,大众文化具有一种赤裸裸的商品性,它力图通过大众对批量化生产的文化产品的消费与其它商品一样实现利润最大化,并且大众文化从来都不否认自己与资本的紧密联系,然而正是因为大众文化所具有的商品性这个特殊属性才使得它与传统文化形式区分开来。从这个意义上看,文化商品化是大众文化研究首先需要面对的问题。文化商品化到底是导致了艺术堕落和专制统治还是促进了文化普及和民主自由,这是学界争论的焦点。法兰克福学派正统思想认为艺术向商业屈服甚至献媚是艺术最大的堕落,这种堕落的结果就是负载着资本主义统治意识形态的大众文化的制造与流行。我们之所以要把精力首先集中在文化商品化的历史考察上,其中一个重要原因就在于法兰克福学派对文化商品化的批判深深地影响了中国知识分子对于文化商品化的认识,进而左右了中国知识分子对大众文化的判断。单纯的争论是无济于事的,这需要我们对文化商品化的历史进行深入地考察。文化发展的史实表明,文化商品化促进了文化公共性的兴起,这主要表现在以下三个方面:其一是作为文化生产者的公共知识分子的产生;其二是作为文化传播者的大众传媒的产生;其三是作为大众文化消费者的市民阶层的产生。文化公共性进一步促进了政治公共性的产生,但是通过商品化而得以暂时逃脱政治束缚的文化却又面临着落入资本圈套的危险。在消费社会语境下,如何正确认识批判精神与消费意识的关系,如何保持公共领域与私人空间的平衡在很大程度上取决于我们能否深入研究并且正确认识大众文化的符号政治经济学。第三章从语言维度入手分析大众文化政治。后现代社会的特征并不仅仅是>经济变成了文化,文化变成了经济<,从某种意义上说,它更表现为>传媒变成了文化,文化变成了传媒<。科技的每一次飞跃都会带来传媒的巨大发展,传媒的巨大发展及其对大众文化的深刻影响则又会反过来促使人们不断地修正对传媒和文化的认识,而每一次这样的修正都是以更为广泛的语言理论变革为思想背景的。法兰克福学派的弗洛姆等人从卢卡奇的总体性思想和弗洛伊德的精神分析理论出发,把语言定位为社会意识的过滤器,这个比喻暗示了语言的单向度特征。马尔库塞进一步揭示了单向度语言得以实现的秘密,即抽掉历史和反对抽象,他认为唯一能有效对抗单向度语言的办法就是重新引入历史维度和辩证法。单向度语言已经渗透到日常生活和大众媒介的领域,阿多诺就对广播和电视等单向度媒介进行了批判。这个历史阶段是马克•波斯特所谓的第一媒介时代,它的语言理论背景是结构主义语言学。随着语言理论从结构主义向后结构主义的转向,互文性理论对大众传媒的研究产生了深远影响,受众研究被推向了前台。以霍尔为代表的理论家们逐渐认识到文本的意义并不是编码者单向决定的,它取决于编码者与解码者之间的对话,文化和传媒是一种活动、一种过程和一种意识形态斗争的场。再后来,作为第二媒介时代之标志的互联网的发明使互文性在文化实践中真正得以实现,文本进一步发展为超文本,超文本不仅解构了逻各斯中心主义,更重要的是它赋予了大众更多的表达政治诉求的话语空间。尽管学界对于大众传媒的民主性存有争议,然而不可否认的是,随着传媒技术的日益发展,大众获得了越来越多的知情权和话语权,我们不能苛求大众传媒,因为绝对的民主和平等只是遥远的乌托邦。第四章从美学维度入手分析大众文化政治。美学在诞生之初是关于感性的学问,它自启蒙运动以来一直是哲学竭力进入生活世界的途径。审美一直被界定为普遍与特殊、理性与身体冲动在>心灵法则<之下发生潜在冲突的领域,这样美学就不得不关涉到意识形态,从这个意义上讲,现代美学在根本上就具有了政治性。身体快感作为一个与艺术美感相对的范畴,从某种意义上说就是大众文化的美学。随着身体美学的兴起,快感在大众文化时代日益成为一个政治问题。从阶级政治的角度看,在什么情况下快感会被知识分子视为>革命的统治的政治美学化<,快感被张扬甚至泛滥,那么快感就倾向于成为统治的工具。而在>艺术政治化<情况下,即在极权社会中,快感被压抑甚至被否定,那么快感则往往倾向于成为革命的工具。再从性别政治的角度看,大众文化到底是女性反抗男权的斗争场,还是男权统治女性的新领域?或者说女性对自己性别特征的充分表露到底是女性权利的张扬还是仅仅满足了男性的窥淫癖?各方观点争执不下。然而问题的关键并不在此,因为任何性别政治都必然关涉到民族国家和阶级政治,性别问题的解决不可能脱离民族国家和阶级问题的解决而单独进行。中国的大众文化研究发展到现在,面临的问题不是越来越少而是越来越多。对这些问题的研究要求我们摆脱非历史的和非语境化的研究模式,强调文化生产和知识生产的历史性和地方性,大众文化政治也只有放在具体的时间和空间维度中才能被准确地定位。从某种意义上说,对大众文化政治的分析不仅有利于把大众文化研究推向深入,还有利于打开一扇探究现代性问题的窗口。 N2 - After ten years’ development, popular culture study in China has entered a mature stage, with many in-depth questions coming out, one of which being the political problem in popular culture. >Politics<, whether explicitly or implicitly has always been an issue in popular culture study, which deals with the following questions: For what purpose popular culture study become political? What is its connotation? And how should we understand it and evaluate its connotation? In a certain way, political study in popular culture is not only a theoretic matter, but also a matter of idealistic liberation. Yet, at present there is scarcely any systematic study on this issue. Therefore, this paper approaches this issue from three dimensions of commodity, language, and aesthetics, in order to make breakthrough both in theoretic discussion and practical analysis. This paper consists of four parts. Chapter one sorts out the basic concepts and theoretic paradigms of popular culture study. >Popular culture< is a concept in western context, but Chinese scholars have often used it as a self-evident concept since Cultural Studies became a trend in china. However, no social word is entirely neutral and objective knowledge, behind which hides political interests and power struggles. The choice of whether commendatory wording >popular culture< or derogatory >mass culture< depends on the user’s standpoint and evaluation of it. For instance, Adorno uses mass culture or culture industry; Löwenthal, a combination of mass culture and popular culture; Fiske and others, only popular culture. The change of the wording indicates the change of attitudes towards popular culture, i.e. from negative attitude of Frankfurt school to positive attitude of British and American criticism. When the concept >popular culture< was introduced into China, it entangled with other concepts as folk culture, popular culture, revolutionary mass culture. In order to main the autocephaly of popular culture and affirm its positive political potential, some scholars distinguished it from other concepts and gave it a modern definition. Then this chapter goes on to sort out the shifting history of the paradigms of popular culture study, which changed from social analysis focusing on political and economical criticism to cultural studies centered around semeiotic explanation. The different paradigms of study correspond to different political positions. At present, one of the difficulties facing popular culture study is the weakening of criticism and the emptiness of political concern, which according to some scholars, was caused by the absence of social analysis, and the rising up of semeiotic study. As political and economical paradigm carries out a thorough analysis of culture and society which is based on the solid social practice, it can make up to the deficiency of the current cultural study. While this view hits the point, it does not mean the recovery of social analysis requires the refuse of semeiotic explanation. On the contrary, to solve the present problem, we must realize the unification of both political economics and semeiotics in disciplinary, and the unification of social analysis and semiotic study in paradigm. According to this paradigm, the end of this chapter analyzes the corresponding relation between the social structure and the function of popular culture study based on the case study of China after the reform and opening policy: if the middle sphere of a modern society is the regulator of the whole society, then popular culture which is the representative culture of the middle sphere will be the regulator of cultural ideology. Hence, popular culture is against both conservative and blindfold radicalists. Chapter two analyzes the politics in popular culture from the perspective of commodity. It is undeniable that the nature of popular culture is to make the most benefits by mass production of cultural products, just like other commodities, which distinguishes popular culture from traditional forms of culture. In this sense, the merchandising of culture is one of the priorities for popular culture study. Whether the merchandising of culture leads to the degeneration of art and the autocratic domination or promotes popularity of culture and freedom and democracy remains the focus of argumentation for scholars. One of the important reasons for us to put emphasis first on the historical survey of the merchandising of culture is that the criticism of the merchandising of culture by Frankfurt school has had such great influence upon Chinese scholars that it resulted in their negative judgment about popular culture. However, the history of cultural development shows that the merchandising of culture promotes the publicity of culture, which includes the birth of public intellectuals as cultural producers the birth of mass media as cultural transmitter and the birth of middle class as cultural consumers. While the publicity of culture promotes the birth of political publicity, the merchandising of culture faces the danger of falling into the trap of capital. To well understand the relation between critical spirit and consumption consciousness, and balance public sphere with private space requires a deep understanding and a thorough investigation of semiotic political economics. Chapter three studies the politics in popular culture from the perspective of language. The feature of post-modern society is not only >economy becoming culture and culture becoming economy<, but also >media becoming culture and culture becoming media<. Every leap of science and technology has resulted in great development of media, whose profound influence upon popular culture in turn has led to better understanding of media and culture, in which the change of linguistic theory always plays the background. Based on Lukacs’s collectivity and Freud’s psychoanalysis, Fromm and other scholars of Frankfurt School defined language as the filter of ideology which implies language’s one-dimensional feature. Marcus pointed out that the secrete of one-dimensional language is its breaking away from history and its objection against abstraction, hence the only way to fight one-dimensional language is to restore history and dialectics in language. One-dimensional language has spread over everyday life and mass media, the latter was one of the critical topics of Adorno’s. This is the first era of media with the structural linguistics as its background. Then as linguistic theory shifted from structuralism to post-structuralism, inter-textuality began to exert great influence upon the study of mass media. Consequently, reception study became popular. The theorists represented by Hall realized that the meaning of text is not decided by the encoder alone, but it also depends on the communication between the encoder and the decoder, and hence culture and media is an activity, a process and an arena for ideological struggle. Later after that, the invention of internet, which marked the beginning of the second media era, helped the realization of inter-textuality in cultural practice, and text turned into hyper text, which deconstructed Logos and provided more discourse space for the mass to express their political views. Although there are disputes over the democracy of mass media, the fact which cannot be denied is that the mass gain more rights to know and speak as the result of the development of media technology, therefore, we should not be too critical towards mass media because absolute democracy and equality is just a Utopia. Chapter four studies popular culture from the perspective of aesthetics. Aesthetics, which was the knowledge about feeling when it came into being, has been taken as the way into life by philosophy since enlightenment movement. As aesthetics has been defined as the field for the struggle between the universal and the particular, reason and physical impulse, it has to be involved with ideology, in which sense, modern aesthetics is involved with politics. The pleasure of body as opposed to artistic beauty is in some way the aesthetics of popular culture. AS the rise of physical aesthetics, pleasure is becoming a political issue in an era of popular culture. Under what circumstances pleasure will be considered as >revolutionary< by intellectuals? If, under the spell of commodities, pleasure as aesthetics joins politics hand in hand, i.e. so-called >aesthetication of politics<, then pleasure will overflow and turn into the instrument of domination. On the other hand, if in a society of dictatorship, pleasure is oppressed or even denied, i.e. >politicalization of art<, then pleasure becomes the tool of revolution. From the perspective of gender, is popular culture the arena for women’s revolt against men’s authority or the new field for men’s ruling of women? Or in other words, does women’s entire exposure of their sexual features speak for women’s rights or only meet men’s desire to peep into women’s privacy? However hot the debate is, the key of this issue is outside it because any gender politics must concern the nation and the class politics. Up till now the development of popular culture in china, the problems facing it is not becoming fewer, but more. To solve these problems, we must pay enough attention to the history and the locality of cultural and intellectual production, and only in specific time and space, can popular culture be properly assessed. In a sense, the analysis of the politics in popular culture will not only deepen popular culture study, but also open a window to the study of modernity.] [Author’s translatio Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Yanhua T1 - On the Novel Creation of Zhang Xianliang and Its Death Consciousness [论张贤亮的小说创作及其死亡意识], Master thesis, Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2007.[application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - Zhang Xianliang is very active in the Chinese literary world in 1980s. As one of the contemporary era writers who first wrote about the hungry, sex, high school students' premature love and city revolution with his unique life experience he was well known by his >self narrate biography< writing style. As one of the most controversial writers in new era, his unique spiritual world which was brought up by 22 years distressful reconstruction course became the non-exhausted source of writing later. During the early days of writing, the writer was wild about the grand narrative words. In virtual of the idea write of >emotion<, >sex< which ultimately pointed to politics embodied his utilitarian objective of >literature as tool<. The write intended to record one generation highbrows' distressful experience and the pursuit of never change until die, selfless dedication by writing individual's destiny. His works mainly express the writer's opinion of socialization which includes strong imply of speaking for society, for public, for revolution, and constantly pour out his misery brought by political movements, the political cause of lofty ideal hard to fulfill and the depress of ambition can't be put to good use. Zhang Xianliang's novels in the 1980s are the focus of research in the common world, which are famous as >Love words in prison<, >Story of old man Xing and dog<, >Spirit and flesh<, >Virescence tree<, >Half of the man is woman<. Along with the opening of revolution, traditional view of value is gradually leaning aside; the pure literature which used to monopolize the literature world is pushed out to the edge, gone forever. The exterior social environment directly results in the desalting and clearing up of the highbrow elites' consciousness. Therefore Zhang Xianliang's evening works also have some changes, his utility color of >literature as tool< has faded out. Instead he paid more attention to the inner struggle, misery and desperation. During this inner change, the writer chose to profoundly self-questioning about the historical incidents, personal experience instead of losing his own writing style during the phase of literature to merchandize, entertainment. His poem >Gale song< says: >If I don't create, don't suffer / if I'm not brave enough, not strong / if I'm not in the vulgar, knowing, bureaucratic circle / be a traitor? Am I a little like myself?< He deserves commend for holding his ground fort his creation of pure literature. Between late 1980s and early 1990s, Zhang Xianliang published novels >Adolescence<, >My puti tree<, >Good morning, friend!<, >Be used to death<, etc., in succession. But they still can't bring the comment world's recognition like former days. This is because the creation idea of the writer, material choose, taste decoration, etc, also affected by the reading taste of the current readers. This paper mainly focuses on the research of Zhang Xianliang's works in 1980s, especially his magnum opus >half of man is woman< and the research of female image in his works, and has reached a comparative high science level. Besides, the leading characters in Zhang Xianliang's works are mostly highbrows, almost all of them are >read man< who are exiled, reformed of criminals through labor, abandoned by society. He connected personal misery with national misery in order to provide personal misery with universal enlighten meaning of transcending the individual. The leading characters Zhang Yonglin, Xulingjun, Shizai, Longzhong, Wei Tiangui and Chen Baotie were both sufferers and heroes who helped theworld, pleaded for the people. The writer related his own miserable experience with national disasters, when talking about politics, >emotive play< is an inevitable par of Zhang Xianliang's works. So there were a series of female images, Mayinghua, Huangxiangjiu, Qiaoanping who served as a foil to male images. This made the forms more complete for the writer to express personal feelings and wishes, it's actually a practical approach to consider era history. As Professor Chen she says, this inevitably adds a layer of imaginary color to those highbrows' sufferer images, which embodies their effort to build highbrow legend between civilian and miaotang. Also it unfolded a kind of crush complex on their own experience of this set of highbrows. The writer particularity spread the suffering scene and psychology contrary of the highbrow, at the same time he expressed incline to hallow the misery of highbrows. The literature world spreads drastic discussion surrounding this kind of incline. Actually, this incline has already changed and even disappeared in Zhang Xianliang's evening works. The author of this paper especially regards and likes >My puti tree<, so quite large length of this paper analyzes this novel quite thoroughly. In fact, most readers neglect an important and pressing angle of view when paying too much attention to the >reform of criminals through labor complex that is too strong to resolve<: consciousness of death. Through some presentative things, we find a lot of descriptions about death in Zhang Xianliang's novels. The purpose of me choosing death complex as the cut-in point of unscrambling Zhang Xianliang's works is to differentiate the analysis of high brows images, female images, text rational color of previous comment papers, here through thoroughly reading the text, we can experience the subjective and unique feeling brought by that special age, and comprehend Zhang Xianliang's text creation again through the consciousness of death point of view. The discussion of this paper is made up of three parts.– 1. The beginning of consciousness of death. In this part, the author tries to search the death memory in the political incidents experienced by the writer, finds out the fundamental reason of consciousness of death in Zhang Xianliang's works. At the same time the author combines the writer's description of death, describes how the writer exhibit this kind of consciousness of death to the readers.– 2. Life experience and change of >consciousness of death<. The second part divides his works into three phases according to the differences of death expression in Zhang Xianliang's works, namely former escape, medium-term struggle and terminal deeply self-questioning. Through reading the text thoroughly, the author analyzes the transition of Zhang Xianliang's death idea in detail, and tries to find out the internal reason that causes this transition.– 3. Philosophy view of Zhang Xianliang's death idea. According to the philosophy thinking of death of Freud, Fromm, etc, the author further perceives the complex of tyrannizing and suffering, the death trend of returning to goddess, returning to mother's belly which are covered by the death narrate in Zhang Xianliang's works from a rational point of view. Looking at all of Zhang Xianliang's works on the contrary, the author sets him a new position in the history of literature from literature theme, lingual style, character image. This kind of cut-in point of research provides a newer point of view for researching Zhang Xianliang which also provides multi ways for researching, deep thinking for science, coexistence of various opinions, and will doubtless make science judgments more objective, justly, drive the development to free search of Zhang Xianliang. N2 - 本文试图通过文本细读的方式深入体会那个特殊年代带给作家的主观体验和独特感受,从死亡意识这一角度对其文本创作进行再理解。从三个方面的论述展开:一、死亡意识之萌生。在这一部分中,笔者试图追寻作家经历的政治事件中的死亡记忆,找出张贤亮作品之所以存在死亡意象的根本原因。同时结合作家对死亡的书写,表述作家又是如何将这种死亡意象展现给读者的。二、生命体验与>死亡意识<的转变。第二部分根据张贤亮作品中对死亡表现的不同,将其创作划分为三个阶段,即前期的逃避、中期的挣扎及后期的对死亡的深刻反思。通过文本细读,详细分析张贤亮死亡观念的转变,并力图寻找出这种转变的内在原因。三、张贤亮死亡观之哲学观照。根据弗洛伊德、弗洛姆等哲学家对死亡的哲学思考,进一步从理性角度透视张贤亮作品中死亡叙述掩盖下的施虐与受虐情结,及回归洛神,返归母腹的死亡倾向。并从文学主题、语言风格、人物形象等方面概括张贤亮的总体创作情况。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Wenyue T1 - The Needs of Human Nature – Referring to Erich Fromm's >Marx Concept< [人之本性的诉求——读弗洛姆的《马克思关于人的概念》 JF - Journal of the Party School of CPC Zhengzhou Municipal Committee [中共郑州市委党校学报], No. 1 (2007), pp. 9-11. N2 - 对人的本性的诉求是贯穿在弗洛姆《马克思关于人的概念》这部著作中的主线,也是其人本主义马克思观的理论之基。弗洛姆以此出发阐释了其对马克思的人的概念、人的本质、异化理论及共产主义等问题的理解,虽多有偏颇,但对我们从另一个角度更全面地理解马克思也颇有启示和意义。 N2 - Aspirations of human nature throughout the mainline Fromm, >Marx concept< book the humanist Marxist concept of the theory of the base. Fromm this starting to explain the concept of Marx, human nature, alienation understanding of the theory and communism, many biased, but from another angle, a more comprehensive understanding of Marx is also quite inspiration and meaning. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Xia T1 - Lack of Motherly Love and Female Creation – Duras and Eileen Chang Comparative Study [缺失性母爱与女性创作 – 杜拉斯和张爱玲的比较性研究], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2007 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Chinese writer Zhang Ailing [Eileen Chang] and French writer Duras’ life occupies the identical time and they all were outstanding in extremely have the individuality female writer at that time. Moreover their work presents the similar main idea. This article discusses their work’s similarity from two aspects. First, they all not carries on to the traditional mother image, portrayed a series of crazy, selfish mother image >the wicked mother<. Second, their writing love always with the main key which despairs relates in together, or is the abstract passion washes out the love, or is realistic strangles the love. In brief, seeks the love is despairs.– In first chapter and the second chapter by the work separately the love subject analysis which and despairs after the mother image, and in the third chapter, creates the viewpoint from the writer which discusses to explain why they can display these two similar subjects. By Tong Qing Bing’s >Flaw Experience<, Cious’s >The Source of Female Writer’s< and Fromm’s >The Art of Loving< to discuss artistic which Zhang Ailing and the Duras’s wound childhood experience especially the maternal love flaw enables them to become the writer and the influence which creates to their disposition and the work color. Zhang Ailing and Duras also all is the time feeling greatly strengthened writer, their work has displayed the survival condition which the modern people in differently despairs, thus enable their work to have the world literature subject research the significance. N2 - 中国作家张爱玲和法国作家杜拉斯的生活处在同一个时代,她们都是优秀的在当时极具个性的女作家,而且她们的作品呈现出相似的主体意蕴。本文从两个方面来探讨她们作品主题的相似性,其一是她们都对传统母亲形象进行解构,刻画了一系列疯狂偏执、自私变态的>恶母<形象;其二是她们笔下的爱情总是与绝望的基调联系在一起,或者是抽象的情欲冲散爱情,或者是现实的物欲扼杀爱情,总之,寻找爱情是绝望的。在第一章和第二章以作品分别对母亲形象和绝望的爱情主题分析之后,在论文的第三章,从作家创作论的观点来解释为什么她们会表现出这两个相似的主题,以童庆炳的>缺失性经验<、西苏的女性写作源头论以及弗洛姆>爱的艺术<共同来看张爱玲和杜拉斯的创伤性的童年经验特别是母爱的缺失让她们成为作家并对她们的性格和作品色彩造成的影响。张爱玲和杜拉斯同时也都是时代感极强的作家,她们的作品表现了现代人冷漠绝望的生存状态,从而使 她们的作品具有世界文学主题研究的意义。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilde, Lawrence T1 - The Ethical Challenge of Touraine's >Living Together< JF - Journal of Global Ethics, Vol. 3, No. 1 (2007), pp. 39-53. [Online ISSN 1744-9634] [doi.org/10.1080/17449620600991564] N2 - In >Can We Live Together?< Alain Touraine combines a consummate analysis of crucial social tensions in contemporary societies with a strong normative appeal for a new emancipatory >Subject< capable of overcoming the twin threats of atomisation or authoritarianism. He calls for a move from >politics to ethics< and then from ethics back to politics to enable the new Subject to make a reality out of the goals of democracy and solidarity. However, he has little to say about the nature of such an ethics. This article argues that this lacuna could usefully be filled by adopting a form of radical humanism found in the work of Erich Fromm. It defies convention in the social sciences by operating from an explicit view of the >is< and the >ought< of common human nature, specifying reason, love and productive work as the qualities to be realised if we are to move closer to human solidarity. Although there remain significant philosophical and political differences between the two positions, particularly on the role to be played by >the nation<, their juxtaposition opens new lines of inquiry in the field of cosmopolitan ethics. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Whittington, Dean T1 - Beaten Into Violence. Anger, Masculinities, Alcohol, Narcotics. Bloomington, IN (AuthorHouse) 2007. Y1 - 2007 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Whitehead, Clay C. T1 - Review Jerome A. Winer (Ed.): The Annual of Psychoanalysis, Rethinking Psychoanalysis and the Homosexualities JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 340-344. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wharton, Ralph N. T1 - Review Jerome Kagan: An Argument for Mind JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 691- Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - West, Sharon T1 - Female Command Presence: Different Problems, Different Powers JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 085-096. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weinstein, Robert S. T1 - What Heals in Psychoanalysis? JF - Psychoanalytic Inquiry, Vol. 27, No. 3 (2007), pp. 302-309. [Online ISSN 1940-9133] [doi.org/10.1080/07351690701389494] N2 - This article explores the essential role of love and understanding in analysis. Love is seen as a healing force keeping the patient connected to life and to health, and as the glue that cements the analytic process. The four components of love which describes – care, respect, responsibility, and knowledge – are the heart of all successful analysis. Two case studies illustrate how the positive countertransference may be used therapeutically to help patients move towards healthy self-esteem and self-care, and a more benevolent and loving relatedness. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Yuqi T1 - From Love to the Productive Love. Fromm's Love Thought [从爱到>创造性的爱< - 弗罗姆爱的思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Theory and Ideological and Political Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2007. N2 - The love is extremely important in our life, it is the most basic emotion, and it is also the strength of maintains human, national, the family and society. It is not one kind of pleasant sensation, also is not the opportunity question, but is the love that needs the knowledge, diligent, and study. Fromm likes taking in person’s life one kind of positive initiative strength, he thought only this kind of strength to be able to break through him the wall which isolates with the compatriot. He stressed, here said the love is >the productive love<. The so-called productive love, is refers to this kind of love is a person’s potential fully obtains the development the result. This kind of love has to the life concern and the respect emotion experience. It is productive, is one kind of supreme art. Chapter 1, Loves outline. Formerly discussed when loved, the people often focus to the person and the nature, will like merely considering as will be person’s one kind of natural disposition, Instinct. Fromm thought the love is to the human survival question reply. He in >the art of loving< center mentioned, any about the theory which loves, must take person’s theory, human’s survival theory as the beginning. He is precisely embarks from him about the human nature theory, elaborated >the love< has great significance, the person forever faces is overcoming sparsely leaves the feeling, how realizes and the other people fuses, how surmounted the individual life, how found identically. Solves these questions methods to have very many, but most ideal most perfect solution, lies in the love. Fromm criticized has inherited Freud’s theory, also was following the essence which Marx’s person this thought exploration loved. He believed that, can cause the person truly to overcome the separation, only has the productive activity. He thought: >All forms productive work workers all can merge into one organic whole with his object, the person unifies in the production process oneself with the world.< Thus realizes, human’s essential strength object which Marx said. Fromm will like dividing into two kinds of forms, one kind will be not the mature form, namely paragenesis union. Another kind is and the paragenesis form opposite >the mature love<. He thought the mature love is maintains under own dignity and the individuality condition union. The love is person’s one kind of initiative ability, is one kind of break through causes these barriers ability which the person and the person separates, one kind him with other people relation ability. While makes one overcome lonely and separation, likes acknowledging the person own value, maintains own dignity. Fromm further analyzes the essence which loves, thought loves the achievement one kind of initiative ability, its activity should be positive >gives< but should not be negative >accepts<. Chapter 2, Loves transformation. The people are extremely long for to the love, but modern people’s love is not the true love. Therefore, in the modern society person’s love had all sorts of problems, the main performance for the modern people to three kinds of misunderstandings which loves. The modern people majority the question which loves regards as mainly is the question which loves; Likes regarding as is about the object question; Also often >falls into< loves when the river at first experience and exists in the love the lasting condition confuses. Fromm pointed out that, in the modern society also has two kind of false loves. One kind is: Loves is >the nature satisfies< the idea, it is popular after the First World War in the age; another kind is: The love is >the cooperation group< the spirit, it will be the 20th century 50’s later fashionably gets up. At the same time, we also may see some different types in the modern society the morbid state love. The love is the Oedipus complex shift; the love is loves the father complex the shift; idolatry love; sad love; Take projects the mechanism as the foundation love. This all sorts of undeserved kindness, the false love, the metamorphosis love causes the productive love to change urgent and is feasible. Chapter 3, >the productive love< basic connotation. Fromm has made the analysis critique to modern people’s disposition tendency, he proposed normal, is mature, the health disposition tendency, namely productive disposition tendency. The productivity is one kind of basic life manner, is the person in all domains to the object response way, including to other people, to oneself, to thing psychological response way. It cares about the person unique on potential the realization. The productivity is the person utilizes his strength ability, is the realization intrinsic to his on potential ability. According to Fromm’s theory, the true health person is a person which has the productive disposition, deeply loves the life, deeply loves the other people and own and maintains the self-independent person, is person which decides its life style by the life existence. The psychologically healthy person can go loves and creates, can get rid to the family and the natural incest dependence, has the self-identical feeling, can experience own for the main body and own strength inventor, can get rid to the family and the natural incest dependence, has the self-identical feeling, can experience own for the main body and own strength inventor, can grasp oneself intrinsic and the external reality, also is can objectively regard the world and oneself. The love is one kind of initiative thinking activity. Its initiative characteristic manifests is, loves mainly is gives, but is not accepts. A person can give the most precious thing is his life vigor, his happiness and sorrow, he, his understanding, knowledge, wisdom and sense of humor. He has promoted own life feeling, also has promoted another person’s life feeling. Besides gives this fundamental factor, the productive thought also includes some fundamental factors, is the care, the responsibility, the respect and the understanding. Chapter 4, how to cultivates >the productive love<. Loves the main body is a person, must cultivate the person which has the creative love, must first start from the main body. Should unify the cultivation productive love with the cultivation productive disposition; Must fully transfer person’s initiative, positively moves the ability in the person which strengthens loves; Guides the people correctly to process the spouse with to like oneself s relations, with likes in oneself unification in the spouse, achieves the perfect productive love. Fromm believed that, the productive love cultivation and the implementation need to have the certain moral standard to perform to instruct. These moral standards will indicate to the people, how artificial has realized own basic human nature to be supposed to cultivate the love. But cultivates likes having to carry on the radical transformation to the present social system. He thought the western society the structure is disadvantageous to the productive love development. Fromm also pointed out that, the productive love only can depend on oneself practices by oneself, experiences. Because the love is one kind of individual experience, each person only can obtains this kind of experience through oneself and for oneself. Grasps art which loves, carries on practice which loves, except exercises outside the condition which the discipline, the centralism, the patience, the interest and so on all art all must have, but also needs some essential special conditions: First wants >to overcome from loves<, it secondary has >objective and the reason<, again secondary has the belief, finally also must have the positive activity. Chapter 5, commentary on the thought of Fromm. About the productive love principle, about the theory which loves, is in a Fromm entire theory unimportance constituent. In some kind of significance, Fromm about the theory which loves is its overall theory concentration. His critique thought is enlightens the benighted, makes people awaken to the truth. But we have no alternative but soberly to see, his theory also has many insufficiencies. Even if Fromm when studies person’s consciousness, the social disposition, then regards as important cultural society’s factor, but he still regarded as the psychological power the final cause which the society developed, thus was contradictory the solution society, the treatment capitalist society illness key, turned over to it was a love, turned over to it is the spirit, these are completely wrong. Fromm calls self persisted the materialism may also say the main body and the object are inseparable; Criticizes Freud but not to give up he Freud principle the basic standpoint; Attempts to close up the Marxism actually to have bases on the humanitarianism; At the same time the advocation scientific rationality retains the religious mysticism; The hope works loose the capitalism shackles to be possible not to be willing to destroy its politics economic structure; The pursue socialism actually tries hard to cause it to back up from the science to the fantasy. Regardless of were Freud, or Fromm all once spent many painstaking care in to seek consciousness to have >the way and the method<, seeks hid in >the surface<, >falsely< behind power spiritual motive, sought has >was unconscious< in the individual disposition will, >is dependent< fortuitousness. These beneficial explorations, especially Fromm surmounted Freud’s many original opinion. [Author's translation] N2 - E•弗罗姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980)是著名的西方马克思主义思想家、法兰克福学派的重要代表人物之一,他站在人本主义立场上,寻找人的主体性解放道路。他综合弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思的劳动异化批判理论,提出自己关于爱的思想。在弗罗姆看来,爱是一种需要,也是一种情感,一种性格倾向。而>创造性的爱<是对人们处境问题的真正解决,是人与自然、他人、自己建立联系的最健康的途径。创造性的爱也是对人的生存困境的解答,是消除异化,实现人类解放的根本途径,是具有创造性倾向和成熟人格的一种能力。掌握爱的艺术,既需要掌握理论,又要亲身实践并终身为此努力。研究弗罗姆爱的思想,学习>创造性的爱<的理论,掌握>爱的艺术<,对促进我国道德建设,构建和谐社会,引导国人、尤其是青年人树立正确的爱情观大有裨益。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Yuanming T1 - Fromm's Theory of Good Nature and Its Comparison with the Theory of Mencius [弗洛姆的性善论及其与孟子性善论的比较] JF - Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Social Science) [天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 5 (2007), pp. 20-24. N2 - Erich Fromm put forward that human's natural character was neither the collection of unchangeable instinctive desire nor the reflection of the infinitely plasticized social culture. Human's natural character, which is also called first potentiality was good-willed, and human's intention to destroy was only the result of the frustrated development of the first potentiality. Although both Fromm and Mencius advocated that human's nature was good, there are fundamental differences between their theories. Fromm regarded self-consciousness, spontaneous love and creativity as human's nature, which resulted from his probe into human's basic mental needs. However, according to Mencius, human's nature included virtue, morality, propriety, wisdom, loyalty and filial piety, which meet the needs of the feudal administration. While Fromm thought highly of independence, creativity and affection for oneself and other people, Mencius denied all these. He only preached affection for relatives and respect for people of higher ranks. Fromm demanded that the society is obliged to meet the basic mental needs of human beings. But Mencius asked people to abide by the autocratic hierarchy. N2 - 弗洛姆提出,人的本性既不是固定不变的本能欲望的总和,也不是无限可塑的社会文化的影子,而有其固有的特质。人的本性即第一潜能是善的,破坏性是人的第一潜能发展受阻的结果。虽然弗洛姆和孟子都主张性善论,但两者却有着根本的区别:前者把自我意识、自发的爱和自发创造性说成人的本性,是对人的基本精神需要探索的结果,后者把仁、义、礼、智及忠、孝说成是人的本性,迎合了封建统治的需要;前者高扬人的独立自主、爱己爱人、创造性,后者抹煞人的独立自主和创造性,反对爱己爱人,只讲亲亲、敬长;前者要求社会必须满足人的基本精神需要,后者要求人必须服从专制的等级制度。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Yougang T1 - On Fromm’s Humanity Thought [对弗洛姆人性思想的评析] JF - Journal of Hubei University of Economics (Humanities and Social Sciences) [湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版)], No. 1 (2007), pp. 135-136. N2 - 本文从弗洛姆研究人性的方法、人性的客观现实基础、人性做出了动态性的解释等三方面来探讨了弗洛姆人性思想的合理性;从弗洛姆在人性的研究中夸大了个人的情感、意志等精神因素在人性结构中的作用、在消除人性异化的途径上具有空想性、在人性思想中存在着内在的矛盾性等三方面探讨了弗洛姆人性思想的局限性。 N2 - This paper studies the human Fromm method based on the objective reality of human nature, humanity made a dynamic interpretation to explore three aspects of the human thinking Fromm rationality; from Fromm in the study of human nature exaggerated personal feelings, will, and other psychological factors in the human structure, role in the elimination of human alienation means having sexual fantasy in human thinking inherent contradiction exists in three aspects of human thought Fromm discusses the limitations. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Yonghao T1 - On Chuang Tzu's Deconstruction of Confucian Politeness from Fromm's Theory of Social Unconsciousness [从弗洛姆的>社会无意识<理论看庄子对儒家之>礼<的解构] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Ningbo Radio & TV University [宁波广播电视大学学报], No. 2 (2007), pp. 102-104. N2 - Examining the debate between Confucians and Taoists from Fromm’s social unconsciousness theory provides a new perspective to understand the psychological reasons and cultural connotations of Chuang Tzu’s attitude towards Confucian Thought. This debate reveals the different understandings of humanity and a struggle for the masterdam over social unconsciousness. N2 - 用弗洛姆的社会无意识理论审视先秦儒道之争可以从一个全新的视角理解庄子对儒家思想持反动态度的深层心理原因及文化内涵。儒道之争是对人性的不同理解,是对社会无意识控制权的争夺。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Xiaohong T1 - Fromm's Personality Theory [弗洛姆的性格理论述评] JF - Foreign Theoretical Trends [国外理论动态], No. 12 (2007), pp. 71-75. N2 - 人学在西方是一个有着两千余年历史的学科。它发端于苏格拉底将>认识你自己<作为哲学使命的古希腊时代,但科学的人学则形成于19世纪,在20世纪获得了蓬勃发展,而且>对人的问题的世界性兴趣正在不断增长<,人学正在成为哲学研究的一个热点。中国的人学研究起步较晚,伴随着中国的改革开放,刚刚走过二十几年的路程。在此期间,人学研究虽经历了几个阶段的讨论,取得了一些成就,但从学理角度说,尚存在许多问题。比如,讨论的问题比较分散,对为什么研究人学,人学的基本概念、究竟要研究什么问题等前提性问题并不十分清楚,研究的方法也缺乏立体感与层次性,好的主观愿望,常常带来坏的结果,即从研究具体完整的人开始,以失去真实的人而 N2 - People learn in the West has a thousand years of history of the discipline. It originated in the Socratic >know thyself< as a philosophical mission time of ancient Greece, but the man of science learning is formed in the 19th century, in the 20th century to flourish, and the problems of people worldwide interest is growing, people learn is becoming a hot topic of philosophical research. Chinese people learn of a late start, along with China's reform and opening up, has just gone through 25 years away. During this time, people study experienced several stages of the discussion, a number of achievements, from the theoretical point of view, there were many problems. For example, the discussion is more dispersed, to study why people learn, people learn the basic concepts of what to study what the premise is not very clear, research methods also lack of three-dimensional and hierarchical, and good subjective desire, often bring bad results, that is, from the study of specific people began to lose the real person. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Lingling T1 - The Alienation of the Characters in >Gulliver's Travels< [《格列佛游记》中人物的异化], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2007 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Jonathan Swift was a prominent writer in the 18th century in Britain during his lifetime, he created numerous works, including essays, collections of letters, narrative poems and novels, etc. Which have greatly influenced the succeeding writers. Gulliver's Travels is his representative Utopian work, in which Gulliver is the narrative author. With Gulliver's descriptions of his adventurous experiences on his four voyages, this novel aims at reflecting various contradictions in the capitalist society in the 18 century Britain, exposing and repudiating the corrupted political systems of the British government, criticizing the colonial policies of expanding abroad and exploitation at home, and also eulogizing laborers' revolting spirit and just fights. As to this novel, many scholars have done massive researches, and have achieved a great success. However, their researches mainly focus on the sarcastic art and writing style. This thesis tries to apply Marx's theory of labor alienation and Erich Fromm's related alienation theory from the perspective of psychology as the theoretical bases for the analysis of the alienation of the characters in this novel, especially the analysis of the protagonist's alienation from two aspects: his >economic self< and >political self<. This thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion.– The introduction presents briefly the process of choosing this topic, the main content and the structure of this thesis, and the originality of this topic.– Chapter One introduces Jonathan Swift's life experiences, the main content of this novel, and some related criticisms about the author and the novel made abroad and at home at first, then provides a general introduction to the researches of alienation made in the light of philosophy, sociology and psychology, etc., and specializes in bringing forward the theoretical basis for this thesis, so that the feasibility of this study becomes natural.– Chapter Two begins to analyze the universal and widespread alienation phenomena in this novel, in which the characters become the objects to be analyzed, especially in Books III and IV.– Chapter Three affords a more detailed description about the process of the protagonist's alienation from two aspects: one is about his alienation as an >economic being<, the other his awakening as a >political being<.– The last part is the conclusion. With a novel perspective of alienation, this thesis is an affirmation that Swift has enormous power in observing the society and shows fully his worries and speculations about the plights of human beings. Through a thorough analysis, this thesis then obtains its final conclusion: the characters in Gulliver's Travels are probably the earliest alienated images in the history of British literature, and Gulliver is probably one of the first typical alienated protagonists in the history of the British novel. N2 - 江奈生•斯威夫特是英国十八世纪的著名作家。他一生创作了大量作品,包括散文、书信集、叙事诗及小说等等,对后来的作家创作产生了重大影响。《格列佛游记》是其乌托邦式的代表作。作品中由格列佛充当叙说者,讲述了他四次出海航行所经历的奇特的历险故事,集中反映了十八世纪英国资本主义社会的种种矛盾,揭露、批判了英国腐败的政治制度、对外扩张和对内压迫的殖民主义政策,同时歌颂了劳动人民的反抗精神和正义斗争。对于这部小说,不少学者做出了很多的研究,取得了丰硕的成果,但研究角度主要集中在其讽刺及针砭时弊的意义方面。本文试图以马克思的劳动异化理论为基础,辅以弗洛姆从心理学角度提出的异化理论,对《格列佛游记》中人物的异化现象进行分析,尤其是对主人公格列佛>经济本我<的发掘及其>政治本我<的觉醒进行阐释。本论文分三部分,由引言、正文及结论构成,其中正文分三章。引言部分简要介绍了论文批评角度的选择过程以及论文的大致框架,进而提出本论文的创新之处。第一章首先介绍作者斯威夫特的主要人生经历及代表作《格列佛游记》的主要内容,并分析了国内外评论家对于作者及小说的相关评论;接着简要分析了国内外对于异化理论所做的研究,包括哲学、社会学及心理学等各个角度的研究,再着重提出本论文的理论基础:马克思的劳动异化理论及弗洛姆心理学中的异化理论,即而提出本论文选题的可行性。第二章着手阐释《格列佛游记》中人物的普遍异化现象。主人公四次出海,每次(尤其是第三和第四次)所见的人物都成为分析对象。第三章更详尽地分析了主人公格列佛的异化过程。主要从两个层面展开:其一,作为>经济人<的格列佛的异化,其二,作为>政治人<的格列佛的觉醒。最后一部分是论文的结论,指出异化是《格列佛游记》的重要主题之一。本篇论文通过异化这个新颖的角度,证明了斯威夫特对当时社会观察的深入及对人类社会所处困境的忧虑和思索,从而得出本论文的基本论点:斯威夫特在小说中描写和刻画的异化的人物形象,有可能是英国文学史上第一批典型的异化形象,而格列佛也有可能就是英国小说中最早的典型的异化人物之一。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Jing T1 - Existential Alienation and Humanism – Interpretation of Fromm's >Marx's Concept of Man<] [生存异化与人道主义人性观 - 对弗洛姆《马克思关于人的概念》的解读], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2007. N2 - Marx's >Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844< (hereinafter referred to as >Manuscript<) has had a profound impact worldwide since its birth. Fromm believes that >Manuscript< is one of Marx's most important works. >Marx's Concept of Man< is based on the manuscript, and makes a unique interpretation of Marx's concepts of historical materialism, humanity and alienation. The full text is divided into four parts: The first part briefly discusses some scholars' distortion of Marx's historical materialism, and Fromm's criticism of Marx's distortion of historical materialism. The root cause of this misunderstanding is modern society. Universal alienation of survival. The second part mainly discusses Fromm's survival alienation theory. He expanded Marx's theory of alienated labor and believed that alienation is everywhere and from time to time. Human history itself is a history of continuous human development and alienation. The third part mainly expounds Fromm's humanitarian humanity view. His questioning and criticism of vulgar materialism and his theory of survival alienation are all ultimately due to the reconstruction of full humanity and humane care for humanity. He believes that the essence of Marxism is humanism, and the goal is to achieve humanitarian socialism. The fourth part evaluates Fromm's theory of survival alienation and humanitarianism, and points out its essence and its dross. [Automatic translation] N2 - 马克思的《1844年经济学——哲学手稿》(以下简称《手稿》)自诞生,便在世界范围内产生了深远的影响,弗洛姆认为《手稿》是马克思最重要的著作之一,他的《马克思关于人的概念》便是以手稿为研究基点,对马克思的历史唯物主义、人性及异化等概念做出了其独特的阐释。全文共分为四个部分:第一部分,简要论述了某些学者对马克思历史唯物主义的歪曲,以及弗洛姆对马克思历史唯物主义庸俗化歪曲的批判,造成这一误解的根源便是现代社会普遍性的生存异化。第二部分,主要论述了弗洛姆的生存异化理论。他扩展了马克思的异化劳动理论,认为异化无处不在,无时不有。人类历史本身就是人不断发展同时又不断异化的历史。第三部分,主要阐述了弗洛姆的人道主义人性观。他对庸俗唯物主义的质疑与批判和他的生存异化理论,最终都归结于充分人性的重建和对人的人道关怀。他认为马克思主义的实质就是人道主义,目标是实现人道主义的社会主义。第四部分,对弗洛姆的生存异化理论与人道主义进行评价,指出其精华所在,同时指出其糟粕之处。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Jicheng T1 - National Mentality and the Nazi’s Rising in the Weimar Republic [魏玛共和国的国民心态与纳粹的崛起], Master thesis, World History, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2007. N2 - 魏玛共和国时期的国民心态的形成和变化有着深刻的历史根源和社会背景,而不同的社会阶层有着不同的心态,阶层心态是社会心态的一种分解,它影响并支配着相关群体的行为。本文从不同社会阶层的心态入手,通过其外在表现和内在根源进行深入分析,探究其心态的源流和特征,从而对法西斯主义群体进行心理分析。借用心态史学和心理史学以及社会学的相关理论和方法,透析当时社会各阶层的心态与纳粹上台存在的内在联系,以及反法西斯势力因何失败,希特勒如何利用魏玛时期的国民心态进行蛊惑宣传并通过选举>合法<地登上政治舞台也是本文的研究内容。作者认为通过对魏玛国民心态和纳粹上台之间关系的分析,可以对纳粹的上台有更加深刻的认识。论文分为五章,第一章首先把当时的社会主要阶层分为四类:社会上层、社会中层、社会下层和特殊阶层,然后根据当时的社会背景和各个阶层在社会结构中扮演的角色来分析其不同的心态。第二章主要分析的是德国魏玛时代国民心态形成的原因,无论历史的渊源,还是现实的困境因素都潜移默化地影响着当时德国的国民心态。第三章总结了魏玛共和国时期国民心态的共同特征,指出了国民心态的畸形发展。第四章进行了法西斯主义的群体心理分析,介绍了赖希、弗洛姆、阿多尔诺、洛温伯格、阿谢尔等人的理论,透析法西斯主义产生的群众心理根源。最后一章讨论魏玛共和国国民心态和纳粹的互动和排斥,以及希特勒是如何利用当时社会阶层的心态运用心理战手法进行欺骗性的宣传,以最大程度地争取各阶层群众的;当时的国民心态中也存在反法西斯主义因素,本文试图解答,为什么这些反法西斯因素未能战胜法西斯因素,理性为何让位于非理性,为何不能阻止魏玛共和国的垮台和纳粹的上台,以及从中应该汲取哪些经验教训。 N2 - The national mentality’s formation and change has deep historical roots and social background in the Weimar Republic. Different social classes have different mentality, though class mentality compose the social mentality, the latter affects the correlative community’s behaviors. This paper begins from discussing the different social class mentality, its performance and underlying causes, origins and the characteristics of mentality etc., especially that of the Fascism community mentality. Borrowed theories and methods from the history of mentality and the psychological history as well as the sociology, the paper tries to explain the relationship between the mentality of various social classes at that time and the Nazi’s rise, as well as why the counter-Fascist forces were defeated, and how did Hitler utilize national mentality to deludingly propagandize and legitimately ascend the political arena through the election. The author think through the analysis of deep the Nazis rise to power and national mentality, it tries to provide a deep understanding of the Nazi’s rise to power. - The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter classifies the Weimar social classes into four kinds: the upper, the middle, the lower and the special classes. It analyzes their different mentalities in term of social background and the role that each social class played in the social system.– The second chapter discuss the reasons why national mentality forms in that formation in the era of Weimar Germany. It argues that various historical events and the social trouble factors, affected the German’s national mentality at that time.– The third chapter summarizes common characteristics of the national mentality in the Weimar Republic period, and points out the abnormal development of the national mentality.– The fourth chapter carries on a psychological analysis of fascism groups, introducing the theories of Reich, Fromm, Adorno, Peter Loewenberg , Harvey Asher etc., analyzing the popular psychological origin which produced the Fascism.– The last chapter of the thesis deals with the interaction and reaction between national mentality of the Weimar Republic and Nazi, as well as how Hitler took advantage of deceptive practices, trying to get the support from people of all social classes to the greatest extent. There were also anti-fascism in the national mentality. Why weren’t they able to defeat the fascist? Why rationality did gave away to irrational mentality? Why can’t it prevent the collapse of the Weimar Republic and the Nazi came to power, and what lessons should we learn from? All there were discussed in the thesis. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Guoxue A1 - Ji, Mingxia T1 - On Fromm's Social Character Theory and Its Educational Significance [论弗洛姆社会性格理论的教育学意义] JF - Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Social Science) [天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 6 (2007), pp. 77-80. N2 - Fromm’s Social Character Theory is founded on the base of an understanding of both relationships between human being and material world and that among human beings. It contains two elements: the types and the traits of social character. Although Fromm’s Social Character Theory is not perfect, it does have some meaning in concerning and criticizing the defects of society and shed lights on our understanding of the social function of education as well as the path of cultivation of sound personalities. N2 - 弗洛姆社会性格理论建立在分析人与物质世界的关系和人与人之间的关系双重基础之上,其内容主要包括社会性格的类型和社会性格的特质两个方面。该理论虽然不具备一个完整的形态,但其批判社会、关照现实的精神却具有积极意义。从教育学角度看,这一理论对于我们理解教育的社会功能、探索培养健康人格的路径提供了一个新颖的视角。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Wallin, D. J. T1 - Attachment in Psychotherapy. New York (Guilford) 2007. Y1 - 2007 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wain, Harold J. A1 - Gabriel, Geoffrey M. T1 - Psychodynamic Concepts Inherent in a Biopsychosocial Model of Care of Traumatic Injuries JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 555-574. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turkel, Ann Ruth T1 - Sugar and Spice and Puppy Dogs' Tails: The Psychodynamics of Bullying JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 243-258. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turco, Ronald N. T1 - Review Richard D. Chessick: The Future of Psychoanalysis JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 345-346. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Tronick, E. T1 - The Neurobehavioral and Social-Emotional Development of Infants and Children. New York (Norton) 2007. Y1 - 2007 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tian, Xinyuan T1 - An Analysis of Mental Mechanism of Fromm's Escape from Freedom [弗洛姆逃避自由的心理机制剖析] JF - Journal of Hunan First Normal University [湖南第一师范学报 ], No. 4 (2007), pp. 76-78. N2 - Fromm is a well-known American psychoanalyst. He discloses mental mechanism of escaping freedom of modern capitalist society and forms of its manifestation by analyzing modern people's double understan¬ding of freedom, which shows the degree of alienation of modern people's mental mechanism. Fromm also strongly seeks a way to exceed the mental mechanism of escaping from freedom. [Author’s translation] N2 - 美国著名的精神分析学家弗洛姆通过分析自由对现代人的双重含义,揭示现代资本主义社会逃避自由的心理机制及其表现形式,展现现代人心理机制的异化程度,进而极力寻找超越逃避自由的心理机制的途径。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sun, Wen T1 - >Little Women< Personality Structure Analysis [《小妇人》中的人格结构分析] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Business Culture (Second Half) [商业文化(下半月)] , No. 8 (2007), pp. 166-167. N2 - 本文运用了人本主义心理学家弗洛姆的人格机构理论来观照《小妇人》,通过仔细分析作品中主人公的人格结构,对人格完善、个性独立和自我约束等一系列有关女孩的成长问题作了一些初步的思考。 N2 - Use a humanistic psychologist Erich Fromm agency theory of personality contemplation of >Little Women<, through a careful analysis of the works of the hero's personality structure, the perfect personality, independent personality and self-restraint series about girls grow up made some preliminary thinking. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Stolorow, R. D. T1 - Trauma and Human Existence. New York (Routledge) 2007. Y1 - 2007 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stein, Herbert H. T1 - Combat Veterans: Impressions of an Analytic Observer in a Non-Analytic Setting JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 575-591. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silvio, Joseph R. T1 - Review Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, by PDM Task Force JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 681-685. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silver, Ann-Louise S. T1 - Introduction to >Communicating with the Schizophrenic Superego Revisited: A New Technique< JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 477-482. Y1 - 2007 ER -