TY - GEN A1 - Quan, Yan T1 - Human Alienation and Its Way Out [人的异化及其出路], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, CPC Zhejiang Provincial Party School, China 2014. N2 - 当今时代科学技术迅猛发展,人类在自身的发展过程中取得了巨大的物质财富,同时也在某种程度上陷入了生存的困境,面临着异化的危机。马克思早在一百多年前就提出了异化概念,至今异化问题仍然是学术研究的一个热门领域。很多学者,特别是西方马克思主义对当今的社会特别是发达的资本主义社会当中存在的异化现象进行了比较深入和系统的研究。他们从各个领域分别对异化的具体表现进行了细致入微的分析,将异化给人类带来的负面影响刻画得入木三分。同时,包括马克思及其他学者在内,他们也尝试着提出了自己对于解决异化问题的思路。比如卢卡奇、列斐伏尔提出来以总体性来消除异化的观点,他们认为要扬弃异化首先必须从哲学上恢复对总体性的认识,只有揭示物化意识并且培养起无产阶级的阶级意识,才能使无产者成为社会现实的改造者。马尔库塞以及生态学马克思主义者从技术的角度探讨了消除异化的可能,他们主张发展能将科技与艺术结合起来的新技术以及发展小规模的技术,以此来试图逃避异化的命运。弗洛姆等人则探讨了通过革命来消除异化的可能。国内的学者受西方学者的影响较大,他们也提出了自己关于异化出路的一些思考。作者通过自己的阅读与思考,尝试从文化的层面来探讨异化的出路问题。文章共分为四个部分。第一章是导论部分,主要说明了文章的选题意义以及国内外对该问题的研究现状。第二章重点阐释了异化概念的内涵及异化的具体表现,主要是从资本、交往、劳动、文化以及消费等几个领域来分析其具体表现的。第三章分析了异化产生的根源,先通过分析将几种异化类型归结为资本异化和技术异化两种,紧接着从精神层面分析指出人们的贪念与好逸恶劳、投机取巧是这两种异化产生的心理基础,这可以从文化层面入手为减少异化做出努力。第四章接着前一章进一步分析了异化的出路。这一部分首先给出了前人的研究成果,然后通过分析给出了自己的答案,主张通过复兴中国传统文化中的优秀成分为人类有效地避免异化提供精神上的帮助。 N2 - Now with the rapid development of science and technology, human made great achievements in its development process of the material possessions, at the same time also fell into the dilemma of survival, facing a deep sense of alienation. Alienation is still a hot area of academic research today. Marx put forward the concept of alienation as early as one hundred years ago, but the alienation phenomenon that Marx said still exists in today’s society. Many scholars, especially the western Marxism have a deep and systematic study of alienation phenomenon in modern society especially in the developed capitalist society. They have carefully analyzed the manifestation of alienation from various fields. At the same time, including Marx and others, they put forward train of thought to solve the problem of alienation. Lukács and Lefebvre put forward the opinion of eliminating the alienation overall. They insist that we should recover the understanding of overall to abandon the alienation. Only by revealing materialized consciousness and cultivating class consciousness of the proletariat, can proletarians be shapers of social reality. Marcuse and Ecology Marxism discussed the way to eliminating alienation from the perspective of technology. They advised that develop small-scale technology or new technology that could combine technology with art, trying to avoid the fate of alienation. Fromm thought that revolution could eliminate alienation. Scholars in China are deeply influenced by the western scholars, putting forward their thoughts about the way of alienation. After reading and thinking individually, the author study the way out of alienation from the perspective of culture, putting forward the idea of eliminating alienation by renaissance of Chinese traditional culture. This passage consists of four parts. The first chapter is introduction which mainly illustrates selected topic significance of the article and the domestic and foreign research status quo of the problem.– The second chapter analyses the connotation of the concept of alienation and the alienation of the manifestation, analyzing its performance mainly from several areas such as capital, exchanges, labor, culture and consumption.– The third chapter analyzed the root causes of alienation. They could come down to capital alienation and technology alienation, followed by the root causes of them.– The fourth chapter further analyzes the way out of alienation after previous chapter. This part firstly presents the predecessors’ research results, and then gives his answer through the analysis. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yue T1 - Values on Erich Fromm’s Theory of Alienation [埃里希•弗洛姆的异化价值观], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, CPC Zhejiang Provincial Party School, Hangzhou, Zheijiang, China 2014. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆在充分吸收和借鉴马克思异化理论和卢卡奇的异化理论的基础上,从心理学的视角出发来开创了自己的异化理论,用来解读资本主义社会制度下人的各种境遇。埃里希•弗洛姆通过对资本主义现象的深刻剖析和激烈的批判,犀利的指出资本主义繁华和虚荣的背后是赤裸裸的精神贫瘠和心内的孤独,为了摆脱这种状况,人们出现了逃避自由的心理机制,所以弗洛姆倡导建立健全的社会,只有健全的社会才会有健全的人格,才是符合人性追求自由和发展的本性。他的观点开拓了异化的研究范畴,丰富了马克思和卢卡奇所提出的异化思想。本篇文章在搜集大量资料的基础上,从弗洛姆的时代背景和生活经历入手,分析提出异化理论的现实依据和理论根据。弗洛姆将异化的内容扩大到生活中的各个领域,并指出资本主义心理、社会性格、消费等方面是典型的异化现象,从主客体两方面来分析这种异化现象产生的原因,并且给出了克服异化的方法,通过>爱的艺术<、发挥主观能动性、轻占有重生存的主体改变,再加上经济、政治、文化方面的双管齐下,来消除所存在的异化给人们带来的扭曲和不利。尽管弗洛姆的异化理论存在着很多的不足,但是给我国建设社会主义核心价值观带来了很多的启发与借鉴。 N2 - Erich Fromm, while fully absorbs and draw lessons from Marx’s alienation theory and the theory on the basis of the alienation of Lukács, starting from the perspective of psychology to start his own theory of alienation, used to interpret the people of diversity under the capitalist social system circumstances. Erich Fromm, through profound analysis and the fierce criticism on the phenomenon of capitalism, sharply pointed out that behind of the capitalist prosperous and vanity is pure spirit and heart of loneliness, in order to get rid of this situation, people appeared to escape the psychological mechanism of freedom, so Fromm’s social advocate to establish and perfect, only a sound society will have a sound personality, is the pursuit of freedom and development of the nature of human nature. His ideas to develop the research category of alienation, enrich the alienation of Marx and Lukács proposed ideas. - This article on the basis of collecting a large number of data, from the era background and life experience of Fromm, is put forward according to the reality of realistic basis and theoretical basis. Fromm expands the content of the alienation into all areas of life, and points out that psychological, social character, consumption of capitalism is a typical phenomenon of alienation, from two aspects of subject and object to analyze the causes of the alienation phenomenon, and gives the ways to overcome the alienation, through >he art of love<, our subjective initiative, changes in the body of the light of heavy survival, coupled with economic, political, and cultural aspects, to eliminate the dissimilation of distortions and disadvantage. Although Fromm’s dissimilation theory there are many shortcomings, bringing to the construction of socialist in our country a lot of inspiration and reference. [Authors translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Tong T1 - About the Influence of Marx’s Concept of Freedom to Fromm’s Theory [论马克思自由观对弗洛姆自由观的影响], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 2014. N2 - 由作为每个人毕生所追求的理想生活状态,在不同的历史时期都受到研究者的关注。自由问题在马克思和弗洛姆的思想中同样占据着重要位置,但国内学者对二者自由观的关系关注较少。马克思的自由观立足于社会实践,经历了从>抽象自由<到>具体自由<的发展过程。他从现实生活中寻找>自由<的载体,在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中用>现实的人<代替了费尔巴哈意义上的>自然人<和某种超乎于人的神灵或绝对精神。在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思更加具体地把自由观建立在物质生产劳动的基础上,把自由看作随社会进程的推进而不断发展的动态过程。弗洛姆的自由观认为,当人们脱离母体这一>始发纽带<后便开始了个体化进程。个体化进程走得越远,个体受>始发纽带<的约束就越小,人们就会越自由。但随着人的社会化过程,社会的复杂性会对自由带来新的羁绊。在资本主义社会,人们表面上虽然摆脱了诸多束缚,但在心理上却陷入了空前的孤独与焦虑。人们为了逃避这种心理困境便选择了逃避自由。马克思在自由的内在规定性与研究方法方面都对弗洛姆产生了一定的影响。内在规定性主要包括马克思研究自由问题时所运用的异化理论,对自由载体的界定,以及在批判基础上对理想自由目标的规划及其自由的可实现性。这些都对弗洛姆研究中世纪与现代社会人类自由问题提供了可借鉴的视域。除此之外,弗洛姆在研究人类自由的历史唯物主义分析方法上对马克思也进行了评价与借鉴。弗洛姆认为马克思的历史唯物理论是人类思想史中对了解社会发展规律所作出的最持久最重要的贡献。当然,在受马克思研究方法的基础上,弗洛姆也有一定的创新之处,把自由纳入到了心理学范畴,从心理学的角度对自由予以了解读。 N2 - [Freedom as the pursuit of each person about ideal life state, different historical periods attracts scholars’ attention. Freedom in Marx and Fromm’s thought also occupies the important position, but the domestic scholars’ research rarely involved the comparison of the two kinds of freedom. Marx’s freedom idea based on social practice, has experienced from >abstract freedom< to >specific freedom< evolutionary process. Marx looking for the carrier of >freedom< from real life, he used >realistic people< to replace the emotional sense of the >natural person> and some other gods or absolute spirit. Marx’s idea of freedom based on material production labor, considers freedom along with the advancement of society and the dynamic process of continuous development. Fromm thought when people began leave the >initial bond< it means the beginning of individualized process. Individual process move further, the individual bound by >originating link< the less, people will get freer. But as the complexity of the social development, although people of capitalist society break away from the strictures on the surface, but people trap an unprecedented loneliness and anxiety psychologically. In order to avoid this kind of psychological predicament, people chose to escape from freedom. - The inherent regularity and research ways of Marx’ freedom has produced certain influence to Fromm’s freedom. The inherent regularity mainly includes the alienation theory when Marx research freedom problem, the definition of free freedom carrier, and the plan about the ideal dreamboat that based on the criticism and the reliability of freedom. The research of Fromm’s middle ages and modern society freedom can be drawn lessons from these points. In addition, Fromm evaluate and reference the historical materialism research methodology of Marx’ freedom. Fromm thought that Marx’s historical materialism theory is the most persistent and the most important contribution in the human history. Of course, except reference Marx’ research methods, Fromm also has the certain innovation. He put the freedom into the psychological category to analyze. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Qian T1 - Spiritual Salvation – >The Remains of The Day< and Humanistic Studies [精神的救赎 – 《长日留痕》之人本主义研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2014 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 英籍日裔作家石黑一雄是当代最著名的英国小说家之一,年轻时即享誉文坛,曾被英国皇室授勋为文学骑士,并获法国艺术文学骑士勋章。石黑一雄以细腻优美的文笔著称,擅长描写帝国、阶级、回忆、失去等主题。其代表作《长日留痕》获1989年布克文学奖。该小说以第一人称讲述了一位典型的英国管家史蒂文斯的故事。他压抑内心情感,盲目效忠被纳粹利用的没落贵族达林顿勋爵达三十五年之久。直至暮年的一次西部乡村旅行,史蒂文斯回顾过去,方才意识到一直以来自己犹如惟命是从的机器人,沉湎于追求>尊严<而牺牲了个人情感。在旅行将尽之时,史蒂文斯醒悟应该积极度过余生。一经出版,《长日留痕》立刻受到国外学者、评论家的高度关注,研究主要围绕人物角色、后殖民语境、回忆主题及叙事策略等角度进行。在中国,对石黑一雄及其文学作品的研究不如国外成熟,但国内学者已开始把目光投向这位国际作家。然而,总体来说,研究角度和国外大体一致。毫无疑问,《长日留痕》体现了石黑一雄对现代人生存困境细致入微的刻画,对人性的敏锐洞悉,因此,深入探究主人公史蒂文斯的精神救赎之路具有重要意义。而20世纪著名心理学家、社会学家、哲学家埃里希•弗洛姆关于现代西方人生存困境的>人本主义<理论为这一研究提供了理论支撑。本论文即是尝试运用弗洛姆的人本主义解析《长日留痕》中史蒂文斯的精神危机,探讨造成此境遇的内外部原因及可能的救赎之路。全文分为六个部分,由引言、四章正文及结论组成。引言概述石黑一雄的生平及其主要文学创作,重点介绍《长日留痕》及目前国内外对其研究的现状,进而提出本论文的研究意义,即深入解读主人公的精神危机,并揭示石黑一雄对人性的深刻洞察以及对现代人生存状况的真切关怀。第一章是本文的理论基础,介绍埃里希•弗洛姆的生平,并详述其人本主义思想。弗洛姆试图用人本主义调和马克思主义和弗洛伊德学说,以关于人的处境的学说为整个思想体系的逻辑起点,总结人的基本需要,分析不同的社会性格,重点关注现代西方人的生存困境与精神危机:逃避自由及异化,并提出通过成熟的爱和创造性活动,这种根植于人内心深处的强大动力,人类或能改善现在的处境。第二章具体分析史蒂文斯严重的精神危机。立志成为一名像父亲一样的伟大的管家,史蒂文斯选择依附于显赫的家族,屈从于主人的权威,并自信其艰辛努力>为历史进步贡献了一份力量<。与史蒂文斯在面对权威时表现出的受虐冲动相应的是他在同职业的人群中的机械趋同倾向,完全丧失个性和自我。除了消极的逃避自由机制,史蒂文斯还与父亲及曾经的女管家肯顿小姐疏离,与自己异化。时间的错失与爱情的悲剧,以及长久的精神困境使斯蒂文斯这个虽是虚构的人物具有了普世追问人性的意义。第三章解析造成斯蒂文斯精神困境的外在和内在原因。弗洛姆认为,人的生死是不可改变的,尽管人被赋予无限的潜能,但短暂的生命却剥夺了其完全实现自我的可能。除了不可消除的存在背反,匿名权威也隐蔽性地干预着史蒂文斯的性格形成和行为习惯。母爱的缺失使史蒂文斯仅在象征法律、秩序、纪律的父爱下成长,阻碍了其与女性的交际。此外,史蒂文斯接受性和市场性的性格促使他与周围人保持距离,仅以主人所需为中心,而占有性的生活方式更使其失去活力,加重情感异化的危机。第四章探索了斯蒂文斯精神救赎的可能性途径。弗洛姆建议,通过成熟的爱和创造性活动,人体验到自我作为独立个体的力量,赋予与他接触的>物<以生命。旅途中的所见所闻,让史蒂文斯发现自然世界的美丽,感受到陌生人的热情。他重新审视自我,决定应该停止无休止地追溯往事,积极乐观地享受剩余的时光,去爱,去创造。史蒂文斯对未来的热切期望,对一度迷失的灵魂的救赎既令人欣慰,又鼓舞人心。基于以上分析和讨论,结论部分指出,史蒂文斯的重生,对未来的关注,是对所有经历过或经历着精神危机的现代人的警醒,体现了石黑一雄对现代人精神生活的深切关怀以及对人性的深邃思索。石黑一雄的作品是多维度的,涵义具有多层性,而对《长日留痕》的人本主义解读对于现代社会及现代人都有一定的实际意义,即如何实现人类精神的健康,实现人的全面发展。 N2 - Japanese-British novelist Kazuo Ishiguro is one of the most celebrated contemporary fiction writers in the English-speaking world, being appointed OBE for contributions to literature in1995 and awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture in1998. He is famous for exquisite and elegant style of writing and expert in themes of empire, class, memory, loss and so on. His representative piece, >The Remains of the Day< , winning the Man Booker Prize for Literature in1989, is narrated from the first person point of view about a quintessential English butler Stevens. Extremely obedient and emotional lyre pressed, Stevens blindly serves, for thirty-five years, the declining aristocratic Lord Darlington who had been taken advantage of by the Nazis. Until the motoring trip to West Country in his twilight years, Stevens reviews the past, becomes aware of his sacrifices for pursuit of >dignity< and realizes that he should be positive in his remain days. Ever since its publication The Remains of the Day has been studied by scholars abroad from various perspectives and researches are mainly concentrated on character analysis, postcolonial context, aspects of memory, narrative strategies and so on. Although in China, Kazuo Ishiguro and his literary works have not received as much attention as in foreign critical circle, scholars begin to turn their interest to the study of this world-famous writer as his reputation rises steadily. In general, researches at home are mainly carried out with similar approaches as abroad. Undoubtedly, The Remains of the Day embodies Ishiguro’s pains taking observation of modern living situations and genuine concern for human nature. Thus, to study the protagonist’s spiritual predicaments and salvation is of great significance. And to fill this vacancy, Erich Fromm’s humanism, aiming to solve modern man’s existential plight, can be adopted as the theoretical framework. - This thesis attempts to analyze the protagonist Stevens’ spiritual crises, to explore both external and internal causes of his spiritual predicaments and search for possible ways to Stevens’ spiritual salvation. This article consists of four main sections apart from introduction and conclusion. Introduction presents a general overview of Kazuo Ishiguro and his literary achievements, chiefly focusing on The Remains of the Day, present studies and comments at home and abroad, and significance of this thesis, proposing a further reading of Stevens’ spiritual crises and salvation, and revealing Ishiguro’s keen insight into human nature and deep concern for modern man’s existence. - Chapter One introduces briefly about Erich Fromm, the internationally renowned psychologist, sociologist and humanistic philosopher, and elaborately explains the main concept of his humanism. As a unique blend of Marxism and Freudianism, Fromm’s humanism starts with analysis of human being’s living conditions, summarizes man’s basic needs and different types of social characters and primarily concerns with modern westerners’ spiritual dilemma: escape from freedom and alienation. To shed a light on modern man’s wretched living situations, Fromm regards mature love and productive activity as an effective medicine, powerful and incredible strength incarnated in man and innermost strivings of human beings. - Chapter Two provides a detailed analysis of Stevens’ severe spiritual crises. During his lifelong pursuit of being a great butler of dignity and keeping with his position like his father, Stevens has chosen to attach to a distinguished household, submitted himself to Lord Darlington’s authority, and narcissistically confirmed that his efforts have >comprised a contribution to the course of history<. Corresponding to Stevens’ masochistic strivings towards authorities is his automaton conformity with the group who share the same profession at the cost of his self and individuality. In addition to negative escape mechanisms, Stevens has been estranged from his fellow men, especially the most intimate two, his father and one-time love Miss Kenton, and has been alienated from him as well. His tragic loss of time and love, and his enduring process of spiritual crises sublimate the particular fictional figure into general meaning. - Chapter Three probes causes of Stevens’ spiritual predicaments from both external and internal as-pects. According to Fromm, man’s birth into the world and his eventual death is unalterable, and although man is endowed with unlimited potentials, his short life span leaves him no time to com-pletely fulfill them. Along with the insoluble existential dichotomy, anonymous authority covertly intervenes in Stevens’ character cultivation and daily performance. Moreover, absence of maternal love leaves Stevens under sole guidance of his father, who stands for law and order, discipline and world of thought, and thwarts Stevens’ association of female figures. Besides, receptive and marketing orientation of Stevens’ character results in his indifference to fellow men and employer-centered attitude. His having mode of life further deprives him of aliveness and exacerbates his alienation of affections. - Chapter Four comes up with possible ways to Stevens’ spiritual salvation. Through mature love and productive activity, one experiences himself as an independent entity of his own strength, and brings life to other people and to things at the same time. What Stevens sees and hears during the six-day trip leads him to rediscover the beauty of nature, the hospitality of strangers, reexamine both himself and his old days and eventually determines to cease introspection and actively look into the future, to love and to create. Stevens’ optimistic expectation for a fresh beginning manifests his redemption of the once lost soul, which is comforting and inspiring. - Based on above analysis and discussion, conclusion points out that Stevens’ rebirth to concentrate on his remaining years serves as an encouragement for all human beings who have been undergoing spiritual crises. It expresses Ishiguro’s genuine care for modern man’s spiritual state and profound thought of human nature. While significances of Ishiguro’s productions are multidimensional, capable of several levels of meanings, last but not least, the humanistic interpretation of The Remains of the Day possesses certain practical meaning to both modern society and modern man, like how to be sane and how to realize the comprehensive development of human beings. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Lu T1 - Study on Fromm’s Thoughts about Humanization of Technological Society [弗洛姆技术人道化思想研究], Master thesis, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Chang'an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2014. N2 - 人类在浩瀚宇宙中自强不息地前行至今,技术毋庸置疑在历史长河中为人类社会发展担起了不可替代的保驾护航的重任。放眼二十一世纪的人类世界,现代技术系统已达到前所未有的制高点,并在世界各国高度重视科学技术创新及科研成果水平能力的发展模式下飞速行驶,技术这把双刃剑在人类手中的权重愈发倾向于技术统领人类的地位,即技术异化的产生。异化现象早在原始社会末期就已出现,近代则把这种现象提到理论高度来认识,在异化活动中,人的能动性丧失了,遭到异己的物质力量或精神力量的奴役,从而使人的个性不能全面发展,只能片面发展,甚至畸形发展。在资本主义社会里,异化达到最严重的程度,尤其是技术的异化。人们使用技术的目的是为人服务,但技术给人类带来巨大利益的同时,也给人类带来了灾难,甚至于成为一种异己的、敌对的力量,危害社会、反制人类,人们利用技术创造出来的对象物,不但不是对人的本质力量和人的实践过程的积极肯定,而是反过来成为影响和压抑人的本质的力量。技术本是满足人不断增长的愿望的手段,在异化状态下,技术已日益成为超出人类控制的,甚至是支配、统治人类与社会的外在力量。它导致了人的物化和自由的丧失,精神的空虚和人格的分裂,泯灭了人们劳动的价值。人不再是掌握控制技术的主人,而成为了被迫适应科技社会要求的工具。美籍德裔人本主义哲学家、精神分析学家埃里希.弗洛姆的技术人道化思想是众多为人文终极关怀主义的技术哲学思潮之一,他一生致力于实现设想中的以人道主义技术服务人类为主要特征的人性化社会,其众多哲学著作均以心理学和社会学角度以一名极富道德责任感的社会诊疗师身份运用其人道主义思想诊断出当代西方资本主义工业社会中种种异化现象并将之大多归因于技术的异化,并对症下药,开出药方,进而提出一系列诊疗方案即实现技术社会人道化的具体步骤,目的将技术重新纳入人的控制之中,最终促成乌托邦式健全社会的构建。因此,潜入心理学领域中对人性的挖掘和容身技术哲学领域中对技术的批判便成了弗洛姆整个人道主义技术观的重要核心部分。本文的从弗洛姆人道化伦理的角度审视现代工业社会技术,又从技术的角度的分析弗洛姆人道化思想的价值和局限,以便为我们的学术和实践提供一点有价值的思考。 N2 - In the vast universe of human improvement so far, no doubt, the technology has taken up the irreplaceable task of escorting the development of human society, in the long history past. Looking at the human world in the twenty-first century, the modern technology system has reached an unprecedented high point, and it is still speeding quickly under the development model of innovation and scientific research ability of all over the world. The technology, a double-edged sword in the hands of human beings, has been tended increasingly to command upon them, the so-called technical alienation. The German-American philosopher of humanism, psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, with his humanitarian perspective, explore the common resolution of the humanity and technology, which is exactly a typical manifestation of the awareness of the crisis of the technology’s gradual domination, instead of being created and serving the human beings. In the field of technical philosophy, how to return the original nature of the technology and maintain its current state of advanced development level is still a difficult problem. Human desire is to use the technology with its original nature, in order to solve all the kinds of crises triggered by the technical overdrafts. - Erich Fromm’s human-technology idea is one of the technical philosophical thoughts of humanistic ultimate concern. He devoted his life to achieve the envisaged humanitarian technical society, the publication of >Hope of the revolution-leading to humane technology< made a systematic exposition of his critical theories of technology, with a strong humanitarian color. He wrote his philosophical writings, as a social therapist with moral responsibility, using his humanitarian ideas, diagnosed the alienation of the contemporary western capitalist industrial society, prescribe the right medicine, and then made a series of humane treatment program, in order to put the technology back into the control of its owner, and eventually to build a sound utopian society. Therefore, sneaking into the field of psychology and exploring the human nature, and the critics of the technology in the field of the philosophy, has become an important part of the overall humanitarian Fromm concept. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Yuan T1 - Ecological Ethics Study Based on Fromm’s Humanism [基于弗洛姆人道主义思想的生态伦理研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Suzhou Institute of Technology, Jiangsu University of Science & Technology, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China 2014. N2 - 在自然生态环境遭受严重破坏的背景下,20世纪中叶,西方生态伦理学应运而生。把道德关怀从人类社会延伸到非人类的自然界,这无疑是一大历史进步,但仍然未从根本上解决人与自然关系的实质问题,凸显出西方生态伦理学的局限。人与自然的关系问题实质上是人自身的问题,本文赋予生态概念以新的内涵,新的>生态伦理<不仅仅涵盖了人与自然的关系,也涵盖了人与人以及人与自我的身心关系,其中心观点是人—生命中心论,核心问题是人的问题,新生态伦理分为三个层面:自然生态、社会生态和精神生态。基于弗洛姆人道主义伦理学,本文分析构成生态危机的成因,论证生态危机就是人性危机,进而提出回归人的本性,发挥正能量,实现人的生命的真正价值——生发、成长和创造 N2 - The western ecological ethics, appearing in respond to the fact that natural environment had been severely damaged in the middle of 20th century, is a great historical advance beyond any doubt, which extended moral concern from human society to the nature. And yet, with its limits, the western ecological ethics has not fundamentally resolved the problem of the relationship of man with nature, because the essence of the problem lies in man instead of nature. The dissertation proposes anew ecological theory, the man-life centered theory, involving the relationship of man with nature as well as the relationship between men and that of mind and body in a man, with the focus on the problems of man. Based on Fromm’s humanism, the man-life centered theory deals with natural ecology, social ecology and psychological ecology. By the theory, this dissertation analyzes the cause of the ecological crisis, and argues that the ecological crisis is the crisis of humanity, further, it appeals to returning to humanity, to realization of true value of man – generation and creation. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wen, Hongli T1 - Discussion on Fromm’s Theory of Human Nature [浅析弗洛姆的人性理论], Master thesis, Marxist Theory, Southwest University of Political Science & Law, Yubei, Chongqing, China 2014. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是西方人性理论的代表者,他始终关注20世纪人的生存状况。他观察到现代经济条件下被异化了的人孤立无援的生存困境,在至高无上的权力制度和意识形态的压迫下,使人性发生了畸形的变化,精神也出现分裂的病态表现。弗洛姆的人性理论的核心就是阐述人的生存困境以及寻找一条使人走出这样困境的道路。弗洛姆批判资本主义异化的人以及异化的社会,使人认识到了自己的孤独、寂寞、恐惧与无助,认识到了自己正在这样的生活环境下不断地失去自我。因此,弗洛姆综合了弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思的主义理论中的人性理论精髓,提出了自己独特性的见解,设想通过各种形式的改革,来纠正人的扭曲人格,构建健全的社会,进而使人能够实现自我,充分展现人性的本然状态,消除人的心理疾病。本文主要对弗洛姆的人性理论进行系统分析与阐述。全文主要是围绕人性、异化、自由、健全的社会这四个关键词展开的。第一章阐述了选题背景、意义和国内外学者对人性理论的研究现状;第二章指出弗洛姆的思想是在综合弗洛伊德和马克思人性理论的基础上形成的;第三章阐述了弗洛姆关于人的异化理论,总结资本主义条件下人的全面异化以及制度的异化。第四章阐述了弗洛姆通过经济、政治领域的改革,从而构建健全社会的完美构想。第五章是对弗洛姆人性理论的总体评价,包括弗洛姆人性理论的局限性和对现代社会的指导意义。 N2 - As the representative of western theories of human nature, Erich Fromm has been always concerned about the living condition of those people in the 20th century, which is also his main research subject. He has also found that many people are living in an isolated environment that has been alienated by the modern economy and also oppressed by the overwhelming power institution and ideology, leading to a distorted human nature and mental breakdown. The essence of Fromm’s theory of human nature is to illustrate the living dilemma facing many people as well as find a path leading to the redemption. What is more, Fromm has also criticized the distorted human nature and society in the middle of capitalism so as to make them aware of their loneliness, fear and desperation as well as the loss of the self in such a living environment. By combining the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud with the essential theory of human nature in Marxism, Fromm has also managed to propose his own idea and even sought to carry out a variety of reforms so as to correct the distorted human nature, establish a complete society and achieve the status of natural self free from mental illness. - This paper has aimed to analyze and illustrate the theory of human nature proposed by Fromm in a systematic manner. The key words of the paper include the human nature, alienation, freedom and completeness.– The first chapter will focus on the background, meaning and current situation of research upon human nature both at home and abroad.– The second chapter has pointed out that the idea of Fromm is based on the theories of human nature by Freud and Marx.– The third chapter is concerned with the theory of Fromm about the distorted human as well as the complete alienation of people and institution in the capitalism.– The fourth chapter concerns itself with the reform in the field of politics and economy proposed by Fromm so as to achieve the goal of establishing a complete society.– The fifth chapter is an overall evaluation on Fromm’s theory of human nature, including its limitation and reference value to the modern society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Li T1 - The Study on Fromm’s Care Education Theory [弗洛姆关爱教育思想研究]. N2 - 关爱,是人们日常生活中到处可见的现象,是人们印象最深的体验之一,它同希望、信念等构成了人的生存意义的主干。当人们在追求人生理想的时候,关爱作为一种不可缺少的力量,给予了人们支持和帮助。二十世纪西方著名的美国社会学家、哲学家、精神分析学家埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980),通过对西方资本主义社会的矛盾与危机的分析,并在继承和发展马克思伦理学说、弗洛伊德伦理学说、法兰克福社会批判理论等思想的基础上,形成了独具特色的关爱教育思想。弗洛姆认为关爱作为人的一种积极主动的活动,是人的内在创造力的一种表现。关爱是一种具有主动性和创造性的能力,而不是外在的对象;关爱建立在关心、理解、尊重和负责的基础之上,而不是一味的占有和奉献。弗洛姆通过对西方资本主义社会爱的瓦解和人的境遇进行了分析研究,拓宽了我们对关爱的认识。他认为关爱的内涵是给予而非索取,并将关爱视为人与人、人与社会、人与自然连结的纽带;强调了无论在关爱自己、关爱他人、关爱社会还是在关爱自然的过程中,都应该保持理性、坦然真诚;并试图通过实践建立一个理想的>健全的社会<。在当今生产力快速发展、科技日新月异、社会物质财富剧增的年代,人与人之间的关系变得越来越功利和俗化。人们常常感慨真爱难得、知音难求,并真切渴望得到爱、被关爱。因此,研究弗洛姆的关爱教育思想具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文主要从四个方面进行研究:一、弗洛姆关爱教育思想的产生及理论渊源,着重从弗洛姆的自身经历及其所生活的时代背景进行分析,讨论人道主义、马克思和弗洛伊德的伦理思想、法兰克福学派的社会批判理论对弗洛姆的影响。二、系统的论述弗洛姆关爱教育思想及其体系,分别从关爱的内容、关爱的特征、关爱教育的内容建构、关爱教育的基本要素等方面加以展开。三、全面的分析和阐述弗洛姆关爱教育的运行机制和基本特征,通过对关爱教育运行的必备素质、特殊要求、主要目标的论述,概括了弗洛姆关爱教育思想的基本特征。四、从现实的角度对弗洛姆关爱教育思想进行了评析,探讨了弗洛姆关爱教育思想在理论上的突破与局限,以及对当代我国的理论价值和现实意义。 N2 - Care, a phenomenon people see everywhere in daily life, one of the deepest impressive experience and the gentlest companion. It is with hope and faith etc. constitute the backbone of the meaning of existence. When people are in pursuit of their dreams, care, as an indispensable strength, give people support and help. The eminent American sociologist, philosopher and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm built a unique care education thought through the analysis of contradictions and crises of Western capitalist society and on the basis of inheriting and developing the thought of Marxism, Sigmund Freud’s ethnics and Frankfurt’s Critical theory. Care, Fromm thought it is a proactive human activity and a manifestation of people’s inherent creativity. Care is a kind of initiative and creative abilities, rather than external objects. Care is built on the basis of respect and responsibility, rather than possession and dedication. Through the analysis of love’s collapse and people’s situation of Western capitalist society, Fromm broadened our understanding of care. He believed that the mea-ning of care is giving rather than taking, and he also regarded care as a connection link of human and human, human and society, human and nature. He emphasized that caring for yourself, caring for others and caring society, or in the process of caring nature, we should remain rational, calm and sincere; and trying to establish an ideal sound society through practice. In the era of rapid develop-ment of productive forces, science and technology advances, and sharp increase in material wealth of society, the relationship between people become more utilitarian. People often sign that love rare, hard to find bosom friends and truly desire to get love, to be loved. Therefore, studying Fromm’s care education thought undoubtedly has a vital theoretical and practical significance. This paper mainly divided into4parts as follows: 1. First, we analyzed the generation and its theories origin of Fromm’s care education thought on the basis of his own life experiences and background. Then, we investigated the influence of humanitarian, ethical thought of Marx and Freud, and the social critical theory of Frankfurt school on Fromm. 2. In this part, we elaborated the ideology of Fromm’s care education thought systematically. It includes the substances, characteristics of care, the construction and essential elements of Fromm’s care education thought. 3. Next, we analyzed and elaborated the operation mechanism and the essential characteristics of Fromm’s care education thought comprehensively. Then, we summarized the essential characteristics of Fromm’s care education thought by taking a view of necessary quality, special requirements and main aims of the care education operation. 4. Finally, we assessed Fromm’s care education thought from practical standpoint, and explored the breakthroughs and limitations of the theory of Fromm’s care education thought, as well as the theoretical and practical significance. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Jinwan T1 - The Overall Thought Dialectics of Theory of Fromm’s Psychological Criticism [论弗洛姆心理机制批判的总体辩证法思想], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2014. N2 - 弗洛姆是经典西方马克思主义法兰克福学派的代表人物,他对资本主义社会和文化批判具有自己独特的视角,这不仅延续了马克思主义理论批判的主题,而且对法兰克福学派及后续西方马克思主义产生了深刻影响,对于分析资本主义的社会生存状况和构建健全社会具有重大的现实启示意义。弗洛姆通过对马克思和弗洛伊德学说的整合,提出人的心理、情感不只来源于个人的本能需要,还来源于人类存在的具体条件与外部环境,以总体辩证法原则创建了自己的心理结构和人格理论。在此基础上对西方资本主义社会的人性异化,展开了深刻的揭露与系统的批判,从而呈现出人与自身、人与人、人与社会的真正统一。并试图通过人的社会结构和文化心理的双重变革建立健全社会的理想构想。本文的主旨是以总体方法论的原则,充分发掘弗洛姆心理批判理论的内涵,吸收其积极思想成果,从而为建构健全社会提供更多深层的思想借鉴。本文的内容主要包括以下六个部分:第一部分,选题的背景与目的意义。就是突出深化马克思主义理论批判这一主题,通过吸收其积极成果,为我们充分认识当今资本主义条件下人的生存状况和如何构建健全社会提供思想指导。通过对国内外文献的归纳总结,为对弗洛姆心理批判理论的深入研究提供一定的材料。第二部分,论述弗洛姆思想产生的背景和演变过程。二战后伴随资本主义经济与科技的飞速发展,人与社会生活的环境遭到了严重破坏,使人们表现出了对健全社会的强烈诉求,弗洛姆对人的心理变化产生浓厚的兴趣,他吸收了弗洛伊德的观点并结合临床实验,与马克思理论实现整合,创建了自己在心理结构分析理论。第三部分,阐述弗洛姆心理批判的总体辩证法核心内容。并以总体性方法展开对资本主义社会批判剖析,分别从社会性格角度、逃避自由心理机制和社会全面异化三方面进行批判,分析社会全面异化的形成原因;二是阐述人克服异化的途径,开发创造性潜能、理性角度看待事物及在爱中实现人与人之间的统一;三是心理批判的总体辩证法所要达到的目标,实现人与自身的统一、人与人的统一、人与社会的统一,从而使人类生活达到一种和谐的理想状态。第四部分,探析弗洛姆思想在西马文化批判理论中的地位。首先其探讨文化批判理论与法兰克福学派批判理论的契合,分别从理性启蒙批判、技术理性批判、交往关系批判揭示资本主义社会的病态现象;其次弗洛姆思想与法兰克福学派文化批判理论的异同,以及弗洛姆思想的局限性;最后弗洛姆思想在西马文化批判理论中的启示作用,何为健全的心理和健全的人格?第五部分,揭示弗洛姆心理批判的总体辩证法思想的当代意义。一是对马克思总体辩证法思想进一步拓展,促进对于马克思学说的更深层的认识;二是当前社会我们已然迈入了新的纪元,通过对弗洛姆思想的研究,会更深入思考新的人类生存标准;三是弗洛姆心理批判思想使我们更好地了解何为健全社会及实现方式?并揭示出通往健全社会的途径,分别从经济、政治、社会的总体性变革构建和谐社会。第六部分,主要阐述本研究的基本结论,虽然弗洛姆的观点还有很多不足和不完善的地方,但重大的启示意义就在启示我们必须坚持的一贯坚持的基本立场,即人的全面发展。 N2 - As the representative of the Frankfurt School of classical Western Marxism, Fromm has his own unique perspective on the criticism of capitalist society and culture, which not only continues the theme of Marxist theoretical criticism, but also has a profound influence on the Frankfurt School and subsequent Western Marxism, and is of great practical significance for the analysis of the social existence of capitalism and the construction of a sound society. Through the integration of the doctrines of Marx and Freud Fromm proposed that human psychology and emotion did not only come from the instinctive needs of individuals, but also from the specific conditions and external environment of human existence, and created his own theory of psychological structure and personality based on the principle of total dialectics. On this basis, he launched a profound exposé and systematic criticism of the alienation of human nature in Western capitalist society, thus presenting the true unity of man and himself, man and man, man and society. It also attempts to establish the ideal of a sound society through the dual transformation of human social structure and cultural psychology. The main purpose of this paper is to fully explore the connotations of Fromm's critical psychological theory and to absorb its positive results, so as to provide more profound ideas for the construction of a sound society. The contents of this paper mainly include the following six parts: the first part, the background and purpose of the selected topic. It is to highlight the theme of deepening the theoretical criticism of Marxism and to provide ideological guidance for us to fully understand the conditions of human existence under capitalism and how to build a sound society by absorbing its positive results. By summarizing the domestic and international literature, this thesis will provide some materials for an in-depth study of Fromm's critical psychological theory. The second part is to discuss the background and evolution of Fromm's thought. After World War II, with the rapid development of capitalist economy and science and technology, the environment of human and social life was severely damaged, which made people show a strong demand for a healthy society, so Fromm became interested in the psychological changes of human beings. In the third part, he describes the core content of the general dialectic of Fromm's psychological criticism. Secondly, he describes the ways to overcome alienation, develop creative potential, look at things from a rational point of view and realize the unity between human beings in love. The goal is to realize the unity between man and himself, between man and man, and between man and society, so that human life can reach a harmonious ideal state. In the fourth part, the position of Fromm's thought in Sima's critical theory of culture is analyzed. First of all, it discusses the convergence between the critical theory of culture and the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, revealing the pathological phenomena of capitalist society from the critique of rational enlightenment, the critique of technical rationality, and the critique of communicative relations respectively; secondly, the similarities and differences between Fromm's thought and the critical theory of culture of the Frankfurt School, as well as the limitations of Fromm's thought; finally, the revelation role of Fromm's thought in the critical theory of Sima's culture, what is a sound psychology and what is the significance of a sound social life? A Sound Personality? The fifth part reveals the contemporary significance of Fromm's psychological criticism of the overall dialectical thought. The first is to further expand Marx's overall dialectical thought and promote a deeper understanding of Marx's doctrines; the second is that we have entered a new era in our society, and through the study of Fromm's thought, we will think more deeply about the new standard of human existence; the third is that Fromm's critical psychological thought enables us to better understand what a sound society is and how to achieve it. The third is that Fromm's critical psychological thought will help us better understand what is a healthy society and how to achieve it, and reveal the way to build a harmonious society through economic, political and social changes in general. Although there are still many deficiencies and imperfections in Fromm's viewpoint, it has a great significance in revealing the basic position that we must adhere to all the time, that is, the all-round development of human beings. The sixth of part mainly expounds the basic conclusion of this study, although Fromm’s point of view there are still many deficiencies and drawbacks, the enlightenment significance is always adhere to the basic position of Marxism, the man’s all-round development. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Fei T1 - The World of Alienation: A Critical Study of Joyce Carol Oates’s >Wonderland< [异化的世界:乔伊斯•卡罗尔•欧茨长篇小说《奇境》研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China 2014 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 乔伊斯•卡罗尔•欧茨是美国杰出的女作家,曾多次获诺贝尔文学奖提名。她的代表作《奇境》被认为是具有里程碑意义的分水岭之作。从《奇境》开始,欧茨的作品越来越关注人的内心世界,关注个人的生存状态和社会环境之间的冲突。本论文主要以埃里希•弗罗姆的异化理论为依据,力图揭示小说《奇境》对人物异化命运的关注。弗洛姆认为,异化是一种经验方式,通过这种方式,人体验到自己是一个陌生人。异化现象体现为个人与自我,个人与个人,个人与社会环境之间,以及个人与自己的信仰之间的冲突。此篇论文分别从以上四个方面对小说人物的心理异化进行了细致分析。论文主要由五章构成。第一章为引言。这一部分简要介绍了作者乔伊斯•卡罗尔•欧茨的创作经历,主要作品和成就,并且总结和概述了国内外对这部小说的相关研究,从而提出来本论文的研究目的与意义。第二章介绍了异化理论的起源与发展,为本论文的分析奠定了理论基础。第三章是论文的正文部分,由两部分组成,分析了《奇境》中主要人物的普遍异化现象。第一部分分别从人与社会环境之间关系的异化,人与家庭成员之间关系的异化,和人与自我关系的异化以及人与上帝之间关系的异化四个方面着重分析小说《奇境》中男性人物的异化。第二部分具体分析小说《奇境》中主要女性人物与家庭成员之间关系的异化以及她们的自我异化。不幸福的家庭生活使得女性人物的精神备受压抑,导致了她们自我人格的分裂。最终,不堪忍受精神与肉体双重折磨的她们陷入了自我迷失的困境之中。第四章则主要分析小说主人公对异化的反抗。小说人物在异化面前,主要是通过封闭自我空间,以及不断为自己创造希望来给予自己反抗异化的动力,但是成功的希望是渺茫的。最后是结论部分。这篇论文对小说中男性和女性人物的异化分析,体现了欧茨对人们心理需求与精神状态的极度关注,同时也揭露了在资本主义社会中,人们始终处于空虚,孤寂,幻灭的生活状态之中 N2 - Joyce Carol Oates is a distinguished female writer in America who has received several nominations for the Nobel Prize for Literature. As a representative work of Joyce Carol Oates, >Wonderlandwatershed novel<, pointing to its significance of milestone for Oates’s writing. Oates’s works increasingly concerns herself with people’s inner world and the conflicts between a state of being of the individual and the social environment from the minute she starts to create Wonderland. By using the alienation theory of Erich Fromm, the thesis tries to expose the extreme focus of Wonderland on the alienated destiny of characters. For Fromm, man experiences himself as an alien by a mode of experience. The alienation phenomenon is embodied in that man has the conflicts with itself, with its species, with its social environment or with its faith. The thesis presents the detailed analysis of characters’ psychological alienation from the angels mentioned above. The thesis consists of five chapters.– Introduction is the first chapter. This chapter incorporates the brief introduction to Joyce Carol Oates and her works, the content and literature review of the novel Wonderland. The aims of studying Wonderland from the view of alienation are also covered.– The second chapter interprets the origin and development of Alienation theory.– The third chapter includes two parts. It analyzes the universal alienation phenomena of main characters in Wonderland. The first part gives a detailed analysis for the alienation of the main male characters from four aspects such as the alienation from the social environment, from his family members, from himself, and from God. The second part mainly analyzes the alienation of women from their family life and themselves. Their spiritual repression brought by their unhappy family life makes them tend towards a self-division state. Finally, the stifling physical and mental torture results in women’s self- lost status.– The fourth chapter focuses on the characters’ desperate struggles against alienation. In front of alienation, the main characters in the novel react against the alienation through withdrawal into their own space and inventing hopes. But the chances of success are slim.– The final part is the conclusion. The analysis above indicates that Oates extremely pays close attention to people’s psychological needs and state of spirit, and shows the mental state of Americans in the capitalist society: emptiness, loneliness, disillusionment. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tang, Wanru T1 - Psychological and Aesthetic Probe on Fromm’s Self-love [弗洛姆自爱理论的心理学美学意义], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2014 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - >自爱<不仅是一个重要的伦理学概念,也是一个重要的心理学概念。在自爱研究的谱系中,弗洛姆的自爱理论占据着重要的位置。他指出现代人为了找到自我,找到生存的意义,走出精神和道德的困境,必须建立一种以人为尺度,以人性为伦理道德之准则,以爱为核心内容,以人的幸福和自我实现为目标,借助精神分析与佛教禅宗净化人的心灵的人道主义伦理学。这一人道主义伦理学不仅对于个人良好人格的形成具有重要意义,作为一种>此在生存在世之诠释<的文学,书写者对世界的诠释也势必会受到这种人格形成之机制的影响。本文从社会心理学角度出发,对弗洛姆自爱理论对作家文艺创作及其作品的影响予以详尽分析,从学理上梳理了自爱对于主体性构建和话语模式构建的重要意义。本文第一部分梳理了自爱理论的历史沿革和产生根源。第二部分集中论证了弗洛姆自爱理论的基本内涵。爱的基础是二分,即>我<与>你<,而爱的结果是合一,即>我们<。因此自爱就是与自我的合一,即自我的恢复与完满。同时,自爱是其他一切爱的前提和基础,是爱的主体性的充分实现。第三部分从若干方面分述了自爱特质对于艺术家创作所产生的积极和消极的影响,指出不>自爱<固然可以为创作提供灵感,但是这种果实是残缺的、不完满的。只有充分自爱,与自我合一,与世界合一,才能创作出超越时间阻隔、超越个体经验、具有持久生命力的伟大作品。第四部分指出在弗洛姆的理论中自爱是恢复人的本性、实现人的价值的基本前提和必备条件,为艺术创作的发生阶段提供了良好的土壤。 N2 - Self-love is considered as an important concept both in ethics and in psychology. Fromm’s self-love theory is located at a decisive point in the analyzing pedigree about this concept, for his pursing to establish a human-scale humanitarian ethics that is based on human nature ethics guidelines, deemed love as the core, targeted to realizing people’s happiness and self-fulfillment and to purifying people’s soul in help with psychoanalysis and Buddhism Zen. This ethics benefits the forming process of one’s good personality, moreover the mechanism of forming personality will wield influence on the writer‘s interpreting way about the world both inside and outside in the view of literary as the Dasein subject)’s interpretation of being-in-the-world. - The influences of Fromm’s theory of self-love on the writes’ literary creating and their works have been analyzed comprehensively in terms of social psychology in this paper, and the profound significance of self-love theory to constituting subjectivity and the discourse mode is unfolded theoretically. The main aim of this paper is to make a philosophical and ethical inquiry of E. Fromm’s theory of self-love in light of literary creation and three conclusions could be attained that it is the prerequisite of constituting the subject properly and an essential condition f being with the other companionably, its practice could have significant implications for living and literary creation. - The origin and history of self-love theory present in the first part.– In the second part its theoretic content unfolds that the dualism of I-thou is negated into the unity of >we< as loving consequence, self-love means an unit with self and me that renders one self’s restoration and fulfillment, the basic and premise of other kinds of love and full-revelation of love’s subjectivity.– There are two analyses about influences of the qualities of self-love on literary creation in part three negatively inspiration of creation would be lightened without self-love but its fruits are insufficient and deformed, on the contrary that great works of enduring vitality being beyond time and individuality could be produced because of full self-love with unity of self and me and integrality of I and the world.– In the fourth part, the theory of self-love could provide the basement for backing to human’s nature and realizing human’s value, and the well-founded ground of literary creation in beginning phase. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Qi, Liuzhu T1 - On the Aesthetic Actualization of Fromm’s Ideas about Freedom [论弗洛姆自由思想的审美性实现], Master thesis, Aesthetics, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China 2014 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 弗洛姆在20世纪生活了80年,时代的风云变幻在他心里留下了深刻的痕迹。犹太——基督教传统、弗洛伊德和马克思的思想对其思想的形成影响巨大。心理因素对自由的影响是弗洛姆考虑的主要问题。人类自由所遭受的最严重威胁,不在外部,而在人的内心之中。只有当人的内在的心理状况能确保人们的个性时,摆脱外在的权威才能持久地巩固。积极自由的实现有赖于人的整体性人格的实现,有赖于积极地表现人的情感的和理智的潜能的实现。实现自我的创造性是自发性活动的重要表现,实现与人交往的>爱<则是自发性的主要成分。人的情感情绪贯穿了审美活动的全过程。与一般意志相比,审美意志有着更大的自由度。它可以依据主体的目的、动机和理想等自由地选择审美客体、自由地运用想象和联想,从而对客体自由地判断和评价,创造审美意象。原创性是审美活动得以发展,艺术生命得以延续的根本原因。审美活动对原创性的需求是必然的,它的出现也是必然的。即便是在>发达资本主义时代<,艺术家仍然保持着难得的清醒,保留着自觉性和主体意识。主体的审美直觉,是整个审美活动的开端,是各种后继审美心理内容和审美形式的基础。它同时又沉淀、渗透于这些后继的心理内容和形式之中。从对审美直觉的分析可以看出,在审美交往的初级阶段,主体对客体已有从被动向主动发展的趋势。通过想象,人们可以对眼前的形象进行改造和创造,形成审美的联系。但审美主体对事物的改造并不是任意的。牢固的审美关系须建立在对审美对象的尊重之上。艺术家通过想象与对象融为一体,从而达到与物的交流。审美主体对客体从认识到接受是一个充满变化的过程。审美既是这一过程的结果,也是这一过程的目的。当这一目的实现之后,主体并不满足,而是继续发掘对象,深化审美的联系。自发性活动是解决自由问题的唯一办法,但现代社会却使人丧失了批判的能力,无法认识到真实的现实和真实的自己。人不能自发的实现自己,不能通过真实的自我而与周遭世界建立正常的联系,因而不但造成了人与世界的疏远和破坏,也造成了对自己身份认同的深切怀疑和恐惧。在审美的过程中,人们不但能够实现真正的自由,而且背弃自由的人也可以重新感受到真正的自由。审美追求是人对自我创造能力的全面实现和以爱连结万物的追求。它的动态的满足即为人的自发性的不断实现。因此,弗洛姆的自由思想便通过审美的方式得以实现。 N2 - Fromm lived in the20th century for 80years, during which the events and changes of the era had profound influence on his heart. The Jewish-Christian tradition, Freud and Marx’s thought had had a huge impact on the formation of his thought. The influence of psychological factors on freedom is the main problem that Fromm considered. The most serious threat to man’s freedom is not from the outside world, but man’s inner world. Man’s freedom consolidates abidingly only when his inner psy-chological status can ensure his personality and get rid of the influence of authority. The realization of positive freedom relies on the realization of the wholeness of the personality and that of man’s potential in expressing his feelings and intellect positively. The self-realization of creativity is an important performance of spontaneous activity, while the actualization of love in human relationship is the main composition of spontaneity. - The whole process of the aesthetic activities is run through with human feelings and emotions. Compared with common will, there is more freedom in aesthetic will, which can choose aesthetic objects and imagine and associate freely, basing on the aim, motivation and ideality of the subject, thereby freely judge and evaluate the objects and create imago. Originality is the fundamental reason for the development of aesthetic activity and the continuity of art. Originality is the inevitable demand for Aesthetic activity, and its emergence is also inevitable. Even in the >era of capitalism<, artists still remain lucid, keeping his consciousness and subject consciousness. - The subject’s aesthetic intuition is the beginning of the whole aesthetic activity and the foundation of all sorts of subsequent aesthetic mental content and aesthetic form. It also reflects in all sorts of subsequent aesthetic mental content and aesthetic form. From the analysis of aesthetic intuition, we can see the tendency that, in the early stages of aesthetic communication, the subject’s perception of the objects is becoming from passive to active. By imagination, people can modify and recreate the image within sight, thereby develop an aesthetic relationship. However, the aesthetic subject’s transformation of objects is not arbitrary. A strong aesthetic relationship must be based on the respect for the aesthetic objects. Artists become integrated with the objects through imagination, so as to communicate with them. The process of the aesthetic subject’s relationship with the objects, from understanding to acceptance, is full of changes. Aesthetic is both the result of this process and its goal. When this goal is realized, the subject is not satisfied, but continues to explore objects, deepen the aesthetic relationship. - Spontaneous activity is the only way to solve the problem of freedom, but modern society makes people lose the ability to criticize and unable to recognize the true reality and their real selves. Because people cannot actualize themselves spontaneous, nor can they establish the normal contact with the world around them with their true selves, the relationship between human beings and the world is estranged and even destructed, which makes people doubt and fear their self-identities. In the process of aesthetic, people can not only realize the real freedom, but also help people who have abandoned freedom to feel real freedom again. The pursuit of aesthetic is the overall implementation of self creation ability and the pursuit of connecting all things on earth with love. Its dynamic content is the continuous actualization. As a result, Fromm’s ideas about freedom are realized by means of aesthetic. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Miao, Weiping T1 - The Hope of Revolution – an Exploration of Fromm’s Theory on Liberation [革命的希望—弗洛姆的解放理论探析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2014. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich•Fromm,又译作艾里希•弗洛姆、埃里克•弗洛姆或艾瑞克•弗洛姆)作为法兰克福学派的主战将之一,其思想不仅在学派内部独具一格,即使在整个二十世纪的西方马克思主义阵营中也独具匠心,他毕生关注>孤立无援的现代人<,并未止步于对现代社会的批判而是穷究病态个人和病态社会的根由,更致力于健全社会和健全人格的重建,因其人道化社会主义的解放理论充满理想化和浪漫主义色彩而获得>人类梦想家<的称誉。弗洛姆以一个心理学家的敏锐捕捉到现代人物质丰富精神痛苦的现状,以一个社会学家和哲学家的研究精神对之追根究源揭示出现代工业社会对人的匿名操纵致使现代人处于异化状态,人格畸变,在此基础上以人性为标尺讨伐现代社会,将自身终生的心理分析师实践所得成果结合于自己理解的人本主义的马克思主义,推出其解放理论——包括社会改革和个人性格革命两方面。弗洛姆的解放理论虽然因在哲学基础上就背离了马克思主义,在解放路径上也摒弃了马克思主义的暴力革命只在资本主义内部进行改良而注定无法达到预期目的,但是他对人类命运的关怀、对人类前途的积极探索值得我们学习,其理论中的合理成分、改革中的一些原则和具体方法即使初衷在于改进资本主义也并非便与社会主义水火不容,甚至对我们建设社会主义具有参考价值。本文拟从四个部分进行论述:第一部分为弗洛姆生平掠影,从弗洛姆所处的大时代出发勾勒出他的个人经历和思想发展历程;第二部分为弗洛姆解放理论产生的语境,以时间域和场域为背景从弗洛姆的思想源头阐述其解放理论的形成与发展;第三部分为弗洛姆解放理论的具体内容;第四部分为对弗洛姆解放理论的评价。 N2 - Erich Fromm is a prominent member of Frankfurt School, his thought is not only unique within the school, but also shows originality in the whole camp of western Marxist camp in the 20th century. He paid attention to the >isolated modern people< through his life, and he dedicated to the critique of modern society and seek the reasons of sick individuals and society, moreover, he devoted himself to rebuild sane society and cure individuals, he’s famous as a >human dreamer< because of his ideal and romantic humanistic socialistic liberation theory. As a psychologist, Fromm captured modern people’s painful situation: material wealth, mental suffering; as a sociologist and philosopher, Fromm searched in the reasons and revealed the industrial society’s anonymous manipulations on persons that leads to alienation and the distortion of personality, on this basis, Fromm critiqued the modern capitalistic society, taking human nature as yardstick, at the same time, he put his achievements of lifelong psychological analyst practices into the theory of humanistic Marxism – by his own under-standing, put forward his liberation theory, which including two parts – social reform and revolution of personal character. Although Fromm’s theory of liberation is deviated from Marxism because its basis of philosophy, and his liberation path also dismissed Marxist violent revolution, only improving in the interior of capital society, doomed to fail to achieve its expectations, his concern for human destiny, the active exploration of the future of the mankind, the reasonable compounds of his theory, the principle and specific method also worth to study, even if his purpose is to improve the capitalism but it’s not against the socialism, perhaps, have a reference value to the construction of socialism. - This paper separated into four parts: the first part is the chief introduction of Fromm, in the time ground, trying to outline his personal experience and the thought development; the second part is the environment of Fromm’s liberation theory, stating its formation and development in its background of time and field; The third part is the specific content of the liberation theory; the fourth part is the evaluation of Fromm’s theory of liberation. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mao, Lingjun T1 - Study on Current Situation of Teacher-student Relationship in >China-Canada Joint Class< and the Strategies to Solve Relevant Problem Based on the Study of Humanistic Psychology [>中加班<师生关系现状及其对策的研究 – 基于人本主义心理学的研究], Master thesis, Education Management, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China 2014. N2 - 人本主义心理学是行为主义学派和精神分析学派以外,心理学史上的第三思潮。人本主义心理学理论强调以人为本,充分肯定人的尊严和价值,积极倡导人的潜能的实现。近几年来,人本主义心理学受到了教育理论界的广泛关注,它倡导教育部门应当积极的在教育实践中大量运用人本主义心理学理论指导具体工作。中外办学是当前教育交流国际化趋势下的一种的办学形式,中外合作办学班级学生在家庭教育教养环境、入学后的学习目的、学习内容等方面与普遍全日制班级有所不同,因此,这部分学生在学生期望、态度、行为习惯、甚至个性等方面都有一定的特殊性。本研究旨在探讨在实践中运用>真诚一致<、>无条件的积极关注<、>同理心”等这些人本主义心理学思想,实现中外办学班师生关系的良性发展。全文将分为六个部分:第一部分将阐述研究的理论、研究问题与研究意义;第二部分将回顾国内外师生关系的相关研究;第三部分将分析阐述人本主义的内涵、理论渊源、产生的理论基础及社会根源,并详细阐述马斯洛、罗杰斯和弗洛姆,这三位极具代表的人本主义心理学家对教育过程中教师和学生的基本认识和观点,最后分析人本主义心理学思想对当前教育的启示。第四部分主要是阐述我校中外办学班学生的特点,并对我校中外办学班学生师生关系现状进行分析,包括问卷的调查过程和调查结果;第五部分将通过对问卷的结果归纳,得出我校中外办学班师生关系存在的问题并分析造成问题的原因是什么;最后一部分将根据人本主义的心理学基本理论提出解决问题的建议。本文仅是从人本主义心理学的角度对教师如何与学生建立良好的师生关系进行了初步的探讨,还有待进一步的发展和完善。 N2 - Humanistic Psychology is the third thought psychology which outside of behaviorism and psychoanalysis school history. Humanistic Psychology theory is an emphasis on people-oriented, full recognition of human dignity and worth, and an active promotion of the realization of human potential. In recent years, humanistic psychology has been widely concerned by educational theorists, it actively advocates for the education sector in educational practice extensive using the human humanistic psychology theory to guide specific tasks. Foreign school is a new of school under the current trend of international educational exchanges from full-time students in Foreign cooperative educational students in widely differ family education, class upbringing environment, after school learning objectives and learning content so these students have certain particularity in expectations, attitudes, habits, and even personality. - This paper aims to use >good faith agreement<, >unconditional positive attention<, >empathy< to put the humanistic psychology into practice and to achieve the positive development of teacher-student relationship in the foreign cooperative school. The text will be divided into six parts: The first part of this paper will explain the theoretical background and the significance of the issues raised.– The second part is the analysis of human connotation of the doctrine.– The third part is the analysis of theory origin, the theoretical basis, the resulting social roots, and the elaboration of Maslow Rogers and Fromm with their basic understandings and perspectives of the teachers and students in the educational process in their great humanistic psychology theory The final analysis is the revelation of personal humanistic psychological thoughts on the current education.– The fourth part mainly explains the characteristics of the foreign cooperation program in my school and analyzes the relationship between teachers and students in the foreign cooperation school, including the investigation process and findings of the questionnaire; the fifth part is the summary of the questioned results. - In order to make a conclusion of the reasons for the problems of teacher-student relationship; the last part is the suggestion and solution of problem according to the basic theory of humanistic psychology. This article is only a preliminary discussion of how to establish a good relationship between teachers and student from the perspective of humanistic psychology which is to be further developed and improved. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lue, Yue T1 - Alienation and Restoration in >Herzog< [弗洛姆视角下赫索格的异化与回归], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2014 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 索尔•贝娄(1915-2005)是二战后美国杰出小说家、诺贝尔文学奖获得者。在其长达六十年的创作生涯中作品无数,尤以描写犹太知识分子的异化而闻名,并致力于阐释自我本质与生存现实之间的矛盾。其代表作《赫索格》因展现了西方当代知识分子的处境与命运而得到广泛关注。国内外学者多用存在主义、女性主义、原型批评等相关理论对小说进行分析,鲜有从弗洛姆的角度来解读赫索格的精神异化与心灵回归。本文试图运用弗洛姆异化理论对赫索格异化与回归的主题进行探讨。本文共分为六章。第一章简要介绍了贝娄的生平、作品及《赫索格》的故事梗概,并指出本论文的意义。第二章为文献综述,阐述了《赫索格》国内外研究现状。国外评论家从小说主题、艺术手法、作品特色等多方面对其展开研究;而国内评论者则多用存在主义、女性主义的理论对小说进行主题分析。第三章是本文理论框架。首先对异化哲学概念的发展历程作了简要回顾,继而着重阐释了弗洛姆人性异化理论及其用真爱来实现心灵回归的途径。第四、五章为本论文主体。第四章运用弗洛姆人性异化理论对主人公的精神异化进行了分析,赫索格的异化集中体现在他与社会、与他人、与自我、与大自然的关系方面。进而得出赫索格异化的原因。美国社会环境及赫索格的犹太背景是导致其异化必不可少的外因,同时赫索格又受自身学术研究的影响,致使他深深地陷入异化状态。第五章根据弗洛姆爱的艺术理论,从赫索格的自省、亲朋间的真爱和大自然的抚慰这三个方面探讨主人公心灵回归的途径。基于上述分析,第六章得出结论。贝娄通过这部小说展示了现代文明所引发的精神危机和现代人的生存困境,并试图为赫索格寻求一条既不逃避现实又独立于时弊之外的理想道路。因此,生活在困境中的现代人,应在真爱的基础上重塑健全人格,以独立完整的个体融入现实世界,追求有意义的生活,实现自身的人生价值。 N2 - Saul Bellow (1915-2005) is the outstanding American novelist after WWII and the Nobel Prize winner. He has countless works in his writing career as long as sixty years and is famous for the description of Jewish intellectuals’ alienation. Bellow applies himself to interpret the contradiction between human nature and living reality. His representative work >Herzog< gets a wide public concern which shows the predicament and destiny of western modern intellectuals. Most critics have a thematic analysis from the perspectives of existentialism, feminism, archetypal criticism; rare of them from the perspective of Fromm’s theory. Thus, this thesis tries to use Fromm’s alienation theory to probe the novel’s theme by analyzing Herzog’s alienation and restoration. - This thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces Saul Bellow’s life experi-ences, his works and the plot of Herzog, as well as the significance of this thesis.– The second chapter presents the foreign and domestic literature reviews on Saul Bellow and Herzog. Critics abroad have wide researches on novel’s thematic analysis, writing techniques, work characteristics and so on. While in domestic researches, existentialism and feminism are the common uses in thematic analysis.– The third chapter is the theoretical foundation of this thesis. It firstly takes a general review of the development of alienation, and then introduces Fromm’s alienation theory of human nature and his true love theory for restoration.– The fourth chapter and the fifth chapter are the main body of this thesis. The fourth chapter makes a thorough analysis of protagonist’s alienation which embodies on his relations with society, with others, with nature and with himself, and further reaches the causes of Herzog’s alienation. The American society and his Jewish background are the inevitable external causes. At the same time, Herzog is also burdened by his academic study.– According to Fromm’s theory of love, the fifth chapter discusses the protagonist’s restoration from three aspects of self-examination, true love and nature.– The sixth chapter is the conclusion. By this novel, Bellow shows the spiritual crisis in modern culture and the survival dilemma of modern people, and he tries to find a way neither escaping from reality nor staying with the ills of the day for Herzog. Thus, people who live in dilemma like Herzog should integrate into the realistic world by love with independent sane personality, and pursue meaningful life. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liang, Yi T1 - An Analysis of Fromm’s >Healthy Personality< [弗洛姆健全人格思想探析], Master thesis, Ideological and Political Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2014. N2 - 本论文主要研究当代美国著名哲学家、心理学家和社会学家埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980)关于人格的研究理论。人格理论是弗洛姆人学理论研究的重要一部分。>爱<是实现弗洛姆人学理论理想的重要途径,亦可以称之为他的理论重要支柱,他在著作《爱的艺术》中对>爱的理论<作了详尽地论述。本论文主要是在弗洛姆>爱<的理论语境下,以弗洛姆心理学和社会学相融合这一独特视角,对散见于弗洛姆不同著作中关于人格理论和思想进行挖掘、提炼并梳理,相对系统地对弗洛姆健全人格理论确定内涵和外延,以期从对>爱<这一理论地思考探索出通向健全人格之路。本论文在弗洛姆人道主义伦理思想的背景下展开弗洛姆健全人格理论三个组成部分即弗洛姆健全人格思想的成因背景、健全人格理论认识及塑造历程、健全人格的意义和价值为核心的系统研究。弗洛姆人格理论是在综合弗洛伊德学说与马克思学说基础上取得的重要成果之一,对现今人现实生活富足与精神世界虚无的矛盾状态下找寻伦理学向度的出路,在>爱<的理论这一捷径中,从爱自己到爱他人最终投向爱社会,彰显并肯定了弗洛姆健全人格理论对促进人地发展进步和幸福为宗旨的人道主义精神的价值坚守。我们可以清晰地明了健全人格与个人和社会的紧密联系,发现可资个人借鉴的精华和独特之处。虽然弗洛姆健全人格理论是基于资本主义社会背景中产生,但其独特的理论视角和理论个性对我国构建社会主义和谐社会有一定的启发意义 N2 - This thesis mainly studies the contemporary famous philosopher, psychologists and sociologists, Erich Fromm (Erich Fromm, 1900-1980) research on the personality theory. The personality theory is an important part of Fromm’s theory of human research. >Love< is the important way to realize Fromm’s theory of human ideal, also can call it important pillar, in his book >the art of love< to >the theory of love< as described in detail. This thesis mainly is in the context of Fromm’s theory of >love<, to Fromm the integration of psychology and sociology this unique angle of view, for referring to Fromm different writings about personality theory and thought of mining, refining and combing, relative system determine the connotation and denotation of Fromm’s healthy personality theory, in order to >love< from the theory of thinking to explore the path to a healthy personality. - This thesis under the background of Fromm’s humanistic ethics on Fromm’s sound personality theory three components of the Fromm the cause of formation of healthy personality thought background, knowledge and shape healthy personality theory, the meaning and value of healthy personality as the core of system research. Fromm’s theory of personality is based on the comprehensive theory of Freud and Marx’s theory of one of the important achievement, for nowadays people real life wealth and the spiritual world nothing contradictory condition look for outlet ethics angle, in the theory of >love< this shortcut, from love yourself to love others to love society, eventually reveal and affirmed the Fromm’s sound personality theory to promote the development and progress and happiness for the purpose of the value of the humanitarian spirit. We can clearly understand the healthy personality and personal and social ties, and found that the goodness of the personal reference and uniqueness. Although Fromm’s sound personality theory is based on the background of capitalist society, but its unique theory angle of view and the theory of personality of our country in building a harmonious socialist society has certain enlightening significance. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jiang, Nan T1 - The Commentary of Western Marxist Consumption Alienation Theory [西方马克思主义的消费异化理论述评], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism, Southwest University of Political Science & Law, Yubei, Chongqing, China 2014. N2 - 消费异化是西方马克思主义的重要理论,是关于消费在现代社会发生异化的现象、原因及解决途径的理论。它分析了现代社会发展的弊病,描述了现代社会的消费主义大环境。西方马克思主义的哲学家们,通过对社会的观察结合马克思主义的基本观点提出了消费异化理论,说明了消费异化产生的原因及危害,从现实的角度描绘消费社会的基本状况,批判消费异化对人性地扭曲。本文通过西方马克思主义哲学家关于消费异化理论地论述分析西方马克思主义的消费异化观。鲍德里亚提出人已不再被人所包围而是被物所包围,人与人之间被重新以物为符号划分人的等级,这是非常恐怖的,人们为了自己的地位不得不努力地劳动而失去自我以适应新的社会现实,各类媒体的介入使的消费异化更加严重。弗洛姆以心理学的角度分析人在消费中内心的变化,这种变化逐渐地波及到人与人之间的关系,也影响到人对自己地定位发展,这些都是非常不利的。马尔库塞提出了消费异化是工业社会发展的必然结果地论断,说明福利社会是以糖衣炮弹的形式使具有反抗精神的消费人群成为顺民,进而完成统治的欲望。这些观点虽然都存在局限性,但为资本主义社会的分析做出了有益地贡献。在人们的观念中不断地形成了一种以符号为代表的等级社会,在这种社会中,通过对人占有物的程度划分人的等级,这是对人性地忽视。本文阐明消费异化的基本理论,梳理对比不同学者的理论观点,结合现代社会发展的具体情况,分析原因并试图提出解决途径。消费异化地发展,为分析现代的社会问题提供了良好的研究方向,通过对消费异化的探究,可以反思现代社会的弊病,对解决生态危机理论提供了有价值研究内容。 N2 - Consumption alienation which is an important theory in Western Marxism is about the phenomenon, cause and solution of consumption dissimilation in modern society. It analyses the problems in the development of modern society, and the environment of consumerism. Western Marxism philosophers have put forward Consumption Alienation Theory by combining the observation of the society with the basic ideas of Marxism Theory. They illustrate the causes and harms of consumption alienation, and described the realistic situation of consumer society, then criticize the consumption aliena-tion distorting human nature. This paper studies on the consumption alienation view of Western Marxism through the analysis of the Consumption Alienation Theory proposed by western Marxism philosophers. - Baudrillard has put forward that human are no longer surrounded by human but the material, and regarded by the material symbol. That is so terrible. Human has to work hard for their own status and lose themselves to adapt to new social reality. And consumer alienation becomes more serious for various media intervention. Fromm analyses the people’s inner change in the consumption on the perspective of psychology. These disadvantageous changes has gradually speeded to the relationship of people, and affected their own positional developments. Marcuse proposed consumer alienation is the inevitable outcome of the development of industrial society. It shows that the welfare so-ciety makes rebellious consumers docile in the form of sugar-coated cannonballs, and completes the desire of rule. - Although these ideas have limitations, they make a useful contribution to the analysis of the capitalist society. Hierarchical social represented by symbols has constantly formed in the people’s idea. In this society, it is a disregard of human nature through grading people on how many possessions they have. This paper expounds the basic theory of the consumption alienation, and compares different scholars’ theoretical views. Then it is combined with the specific situation of the modern society developing to analyze the cause, and try to put forward solutions. The development of consumption alienation provides a great research direction for analyzing modern social problems. Through the study of consumption alienation, we can reflect the modern social problems, and provide valuable research for solving the Ecological Crisis Theory. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jiang, Man T1 - A Comparative Study of Consumer Alienation Theory Marcuse and Fromm [马尔库塞和弗洛姆消费异化理论比较研究], Philosophy, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2014.[application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 消费是任何时代都存在的人类的一种基本活动,如今,消费已经成为人类赖以生存和发展的前提。我国正处于社会转型期,经济的快速增长和国民消费水平的不断提高,从消费观念到消费方式都发生了很大的变化,消费在满足人们所必须的物质需求的基础上还需要满足人们的精神需求,随之同时就出现了奢侈性消费和盲目性消费等消费异化现象。这些现象的存在不仅会带来一些社会问题,而且阻碍着人们消费质量的提高,还会严重制约经济的增长和整个社会的全面进步。因此,研究并解决消费异化现象问题就迫切地摆在人们面前。国内外许多学者从不同的角度对消费异化现象及其社会影响进行了深入研究,并提出了许多具有价值的观点,其中具有影响力的当推马尔库塞和弗洛姆的消费异化理论,考察唯物史观的创立发展过程,研究异化问题的产生和解决也是马克思考察社会发展问题的一种基本方法。本文立足于唯物史观的基本立场,比较分析了马尔库塞和弗洛姆消费异化理论的相同点和不同点,以及他们各自消费异化理论在社会发展中的影响作用,对我们寻找到解决消费异化问题的方法和途径、引导人们形成正确的消费观具有借鉴作用。通过对马尔库塞和弗洛姆消费异化理论的比较研究,可以看出马尔库塞的消费异化理论是建立在马克思的劳动异化理论的基础上,是对马克思人本主义理论的深刻延伸,是弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义;弗洛姆从社会制度入手,对消费异化的根源进行研究,他重视消费道德教育,提出根据各类人的消费心态和消费行为进行针对性的道德教育,对我们正确认识消费异化的根源,构建正确的消费观念具有重要的参考作用。本文认为在现代哲学的语境下,马尔库塞和弗洛姆的消费异化理论互相交融的可能性是很大的,通过对二者理论内涵和缺陷的分析研究,找出各自理论价值的合理性,从内容上相互补充和借鉴,试图创立符合现阶段我国国情的科学消费价值观,这对倡导人们树立正确的消费观、构建与社会经济发展相适应的消费模式、形成合理的消费行为、优化我国的消费结构具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。 N2 - Consumption is a basic human activity exists in any other era, and now, the consumer has become human survival and development of the premise. China is in a period of social transformation, rapid economic growth and increasing levels of national consumption, from consumer attitudes to consumption patterns have undergone great changes, not only to meet the material needs of the people of consumption necessary, but also to meet people spiritual needs, followed while there have been extravagant consumption and blindness consumption and other consumer alienation. The existence of these phenomena will not only bring about some social issues, but also more difficult to improve the quality of people’s consumption, but also seriously hampered economic growth and overall progress of society as a whole. - Therefore, the study of consumer alienation is an urgent problem for us. Many scholars from different angles on the consumer alienation and his in-depth study of the social impact of proposed many ideas have value, in which influential when pushed Marcuse and Fromm consumer alienation theory, study creation of Historical Materialism development, production and study of alienation is a basic method to solve the Marxist study of social development issues. This article is based on historical materialism of Marx’s basic position, comparative analysis of the same point Marcuse and Fromm consumption theory of alienation and differences, and their respective consumer alienation theory influence on social development and positive factors. By way of comparative study of both consumer theory of alienation, for us to identify consumer alienation problems and solutions, and guide people to form a correct view of consumption play a reference. This paper summarizes the positive factors comparative study Marcuse and Fromm consumer alienation theory has. - Marcuse’s theory of performance in response to the Marxist humanistic spirit, deepen and extend the critical spirit of Marxist theory, the establishment of a Freudian Marxists; Fromm’s theory includes the dimensions of the system carried out research on consumer alienation, a proper understanding of the essence of our capitalist society has important reference value, he’s spending on the construction of socialist ethics ethical consumption has important and prominent reference, from the moral point of view he start spending, consumer mentality for different people and consumer behavior, strengthen moral education, form a correct concept of consumption. - This paper argues that in the context of modem philosophy, Marcuse and Fromm consumer alienation theory has great possibilities blend, by analyzing their respective theoretical connotation and defect recognition of its value rationality content, learn from each other, integrate one, the creation of the scientific view of consumption in line with China’s national conditions, which advocates people to foster a correct view of consumption, building and socio-economic development to adapt consumption patterns, form a rational consumer behavior, and optimize China’s consumption structure and the formation of values and national health concept of happiness has played an important theoretical and practical significance. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gao, Caihong T1 - A Comparative Study of Marx’s Alienation and Fromm’s Alienation [马克思与弗洛姆异化思想的比较研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China 2014. N2 - 马克思和弗洛姆分别是19世纪和20世纪对异化问题有深入研究的哲学家。马克思置身于手工制造业为主要社会生产方式的时代背景,看到的是高强度劳作对工人体能的摧残,因此他关注是人的劳动异化,并以此作为其异化理论的切入点;而弗洛姆所处的时代是机器大工业生产时代,那时机器相对解放了人的双手,但人的精神却日益空洞和贫乏,因此弗洛姆关注的是人的心理异化,并以此作为其异化理论的切入点构建其异化体系。马克思和弗洛姆分别从不同视角对异化问题进行了研究,马克思倾向从历史实践的角度,对异化问题进行外在性考察;弗洛姆倾向从心理体验层面,对异化问题进行内在性反思。一个向外考察,一个向内反思,基本涵盖了人类生存所面临的两个主要层面,这可谓相辅相承,互为补充。因此,重新对两人思想进行比较研究是十分具有理论意义和现实价值的。本文通过比较马克思和弗洛姆异化思想的前提、切入点及内涵的异同,尝试从两人扬弃异化的途径中挖掘出对我国当代建设具有启示性价值的思想。 N2 - [Karl Marx who lived in the 19th century and Erich Fromm who lived in the20th century both were the great philosophers who had deep study of alienation. In Marx’s period, handicraft manufacturing was the main mode of social production. He found out that the high-intensity physical labor was devastat-ing the workers, so his main concern was alienation of human labor and he took it as starting point of interpretation for his alienation theory. Erich Fromm lived in the era of the20th century which is a modern industrial society. During that time, machinery industrial production is the main mode of production which relatively liberated the workers’ hands but the human spirit was becoming empty and poor. So his main concern was human psychological alienation and he took it as a breaking point to build the entire system of alienation theory.– Marx and Fromm took different perspectives on the issue of alienation. Marx tended to study the alienation from a perspective of historical practice and inspect the issue outside; Fromm tended to study the alienation from a psychological perspective and think about the issue inside. Both of their alienation theories cover the two main aspects that human existence is facing and mutually complementary. Therefore, the studies and comparisons based on the two alienation theories again have great theoretical significance and practical value. In this paper, by comparing the premise, starting points and connotations of their alienation theories, we try to find out some revelatory and valuable ideas for contemporary building in our country from the way they sublate the alienation. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dai, Xinchi T1 - An Analysis of Alienation in >Jude the Obscure< [《无名的裘德》的异化分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2014 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 托马斯•哈代是一位出生于十九世纪、跨越两个世纪的英国小说家,其小说有很强的现实主义色彩和一些现代主义格调。这一点在他的最后一部小说《无名的裘德》中表现尤为突出。在该作品中,他强烈批判了维多利亚时期社会存在的种种弊端,包括在宗教、社会制度、习俗以及家庭婚姻等方面。通过描写这些社会现象,他揭示出人们所处的生活环境和精神状态。《无名的裘德》的创作背景是十九世纪末的社会转型时期,在新旧观念和制度的对比下,人们在身体和心理上都遭受了巨大的创伤和苦难。其中,异化是这部小说表现最为鲜明的主题。哈代利用其超前的思维、敏锐的眼光以及自身的经历,仔细观察和感受周围的人和事,其作品反映出可能会成为一种未来趋势的诸多异化现象。小说的出版在当时遭到教会等舆论抨击,但就今天而言,小说揭示出来的思想和异化主题仍具有很重要的现实意义,值得当代人和整个社会去深思。在《无名的裘德》中,哈代聚焦于维多利亚时期社会转变的大背景,一方面描写了处于下层社会的一些有志青年,他们富有前卫的想法,渴望通过自身努力和奋斗达成目标,从而摆脱所处的贫苦环境;另一方面又展现了像阿拉贝拉这样不求上进、随波逐流的人,他们顺应社会变化,以利益为导向过着一种肉欲的生活。可悲的是,没有任何一方能够顶住社会的改革大浪而不被摧毁,他们最后都度过了悲惨的人生。从哈代对他们事业、宗教、婚姻、家庭等方面的描写,可以很清晰地看到每个人与社会、与他人、甚至与自己的异化矛盾。小说中的男女主人公无时不处于灵与肉的搏斗之中,精神饱受折磨,异己的力量时刻控制着他们。本论文主要以异化主题为中心,借助马克思劳动异化理论、弗洛姆的心理异化理论以及文学异化观点,对《无名的裘德》进行细致分析和解读。本文主要由三部分组成,分别为导论、正文和结论。主要内容如下:第一部分为导论,对作者以及作品进行简要分析,概述本研究领域的国内外研究现状以及本论文的写作目的和意义。第二部分为正文,由三部分组成:第一章主要阐释异化概念的形成与发展以及产生异化现象的社会背景。通过梳理异化概念,展现出马克思和弗洛姆对于异化的不同理解,以及异化在文学领域的蕴含。此外,论文通过分析工业革命、达尔文进化论、女性主义以及宗教影响等社会因素,进一步解释异化产生的根源,为下文深入分析异化主题奠定理论基础。第二章主要从社会异化的角度出发,分析人物的异化现象。主要从两方面入手,一方面是社会归属感的丧失,另一方面从马克思理论出发,分析主人公在社会中的劳动异化现象。通过对人物社会异化现象的分析,可以看出当时社会给人们带来的痛苦和折磨,让人们体会到通过自己的努力却无法获得认可和成功的心酸,进一步揭露出社会和人之间所产生的不可调和的异化矛盾与冲突。第三章主要分析小说中不同人物之间的人际关系的异化现象。小说中人际关系的异化主要表现在三个方面:一是裘德与阿拉贝拉之间充满激情而无爱的婚姻关系,二是裘德与苏之间不正当的精神恋爱关系,三是裘德和费劳孙之间疏远的关系。通过三方面的比较和分析,展现出当时社会人与人之间疏远、隔膜和彼此孤立的主题,进而揭示文学上的异化主题。第四章主要分析小说中的自我异化现象。裘德从奋斗到走向异化的过程,苏从反抗到妥协的变化,以及小时光老人扭曲的人性,分别从不同的侧面反映出主人公们自我否定的异化过程。最后一部分是结论。本部分概括论文主要观点,点明主旨,并结合现实指出可能产生的异化现象,提出当下避免异化现象的建议,揭示出本论文研究的现实意义。 N2 - As one of the famous English novelists, Thomas Hardy, born in the19th century, has lived through two centuries. Therefore, his novels are filled with a strong sense of Realism and some elements of Modernism, especially in his creation of the last novel >Jude the Obscure<. In this novel, he strongly criticizes the drawbacks in religion, social institutions, social conventions and even in families and marriages of the Victorian Age. Since the novel was created in the transitional period of the late of the 19th century, the conflicts between the old thoughts and the new ones have rendered people great pains and sufferings physically and psychologically. Among them, the theme of alienation is extremely obvious. With his leading thought, keen eyes as well as his own personal experiences, Hardy keeps a careful observation on the people and their lives around him, which enables him to reflect the alienation of people and society. Although this novel was severely attacked by the churches and many people at that time when it was published, its meaning is profound in today’s society. The thoughts and the theme of alienation reflected in the novel have a very constructive meaning for today and call for contemporary people and society to meditate. - In Jude the Obscure, under the background of social transition in the Victorian Age, Hardy, on the one hand, describes a group of the lower class youth with ambitions. They have the ideas in pace with the times and want to achieve success through their own hard work so as to get rid of their poor living conditions. On the other hand, Hardy also presents a group of people like Arabella, who make no efforts to seek progress and always drift with the current. They are obedient to the changes of the society and lead a carnal life which is only guided by interests and passion. However, pathetically, neither side can resist the wave of the social reform and avoid being destroyed. They all lead a tragic life in the end. From the description of different perspectives in their careers, religious beliefs, marriage and families, it is clear to see the alienated contradictions of oneself with the society and other people. The hero and the heroine always remain in the state of the struggle between the flesh and the spirit and to be tortured by the two. In the end, there generates an alienated power to control themselves. This thesis mainly takes the alienation as a focus to make a careful analysis of Jude the Obscure, in light with the theory of Karl Marx’s alienation of labor, Erich Fromm’s alienation in psychology and the views of alienation in literature. - There are three parts in this thesis, which contains an introduction, the main body and a conclusion. Its main contents are as follows: The first part is introduction. It mainly centralizes the short intro-duction of the writer and the novel Jude the Obscure. Besides, it will make a summary on the re-search status home and abroad in order to present a better introduction to the thesis, as well as the writing purpose and meaning of the thesis. - The second part is the main body, which is made up of three chapters: Chapter One tries to explain the development and background of alienation. Through the analysis of its development, the author tries to present Karl Marx and Erich Fromm’s different understandings on the alienated theme and the concept of alienation in literature. Besides, with the backgrounds of industrious revolution, evolutionary theory, feminism and the influence of religion, the thesis will further account for the roots for the generation of the alienation and lays the foundation for a better understanding of the theme.– Chapter Two mainly deals with the alienation arising from the society. It will analyze from two aspects. On the one hand, it is the loss of belonging. On the other hand, it concerns the reflection of the alienated labor in the novel. Through the analysis of the characters’ social alienation, it shows clearly that the great pains and sufferings have been brought to people by the society and people’s sad feelings on their failures despite of hard works, which further expose the irreconcilable alienated contradictions and conflicts between people and society.– Chapter Three concentrates on the interpersonal relationships, which contains the passion without love between Jude and Arabella, spiritual but illicit love between Jude and Sue and the estranged relationship between Jude and Philloston. Through the analysis and contrasts between them, it tries to reveal the estrangement between people, the lack of mutual understanding and the isolation from others in order to reflect the concepts of literary alienation.– Chapter Four focuses on the self-alienation of the characters, which consists of Jude’s struggle against alienation, Sue’s resistance to compromise and the distorted humanity of the Little Time Father. It aims to reflect the alienated process of their self-denial and self-destruction from different perspectives. - The last part is conclusion, which makes a conclusion of the previous chapters through the summary of each character so as to illustrate the subject of the thesis. In addition, it will describe some possible alienated phenomena generated from our daily life and put forward some suggestions to avoid the alienation. In conclusion, the analysis of the theme of alienation has its important realistic meaning. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER -