TY - JOUR A1 - Winship, Gary T1 - The Democratic Origins of the Term >Group Analysis<: Karl Mannheim’s >Third Way< for Psychoanalysis and Social Science JF - Group Analysis, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2003), pp. 37-51. [ISSN 0533-3164] [doi.org/10.1177/0533316403036001200] N2 - It is well known that Foulkes acknowledged Karl Mannheim as the first to use the term `group analysis'. However, Mannheim's work is otherwise not well known. This article examines the foundations of Mannheim's sociological interest in groups using the Frankfurt School (1929-1933) as a start point through to the brief correspondence of 1945 between Mannheim and Foulkes (previously unpublished). It is argued that there is close conjunction between Mannheim's and Foulkes's revision of clinical psychoanalysis along sociological lines. Current renderings of the Frankfurt School tradition pay almost exclusive attention to the American connection (Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer) overlooking the contribution of the English connection through the work of Mannheim and Foulkes. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Skovdahl, Kirsti A1 - et al., T1 - Dementia and aggressiveness: video recorded morning care from different care units JF - Journal of Clinical Nursing, Vol. 12, No. 6 (2003), pp. 888-898 [Online ISSN 1365-2702] [doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00809.x] N2 - The aim of the study was to illuminate, from video recorded sequences, interactions between individuals with dementia and aggressive behaviour and caregivers who reported problems dealing with such behaviour and caregivers who did not. Nine caregivers and two residents participated. The video recordings were later transcribed into text and analysed by using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach, inspired by Ricoeur's philosophy. The main themes that emerged from the analysis were >Being involved and developing a positive interaction< and >Being confined to routines and remaining in negative interaction<. The findings indicated the interactions either to be in a positive or negative spiral. Caregivers who had reported problems dealing with behavioural and psychiatric symptoms in dementia focused on accomplishing the task, where the main focus was on >the goal itself<. In other sequences with caregivers who had been satisfied with their capability the focus was placed on >how< the caregivers could reach their goal. Power was central in the material, in different ways, either as a possible way to handle the situation or as a possible way of defending oneself. Parts of Kitwood's framework and Fromm's theory about power >over< and power >to<, has been used in the comprehensive understanding. Our conclusion is that caregivers should use power 'to' when they have to help persons with dementia and aggressive behaviour, as a part of behavioural and psychiatric symptoms of dementia, for being able to give help in the best possible way. They should also act in a sensitive and reflective manner, with the individual in focus. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pietikainen, Petteri A1 - Ihanus, Juhani T1 - On the Origins of Psychoanalytic Psychohistory JF - History of Psychology, Vol. 6, No. 2 (2003), pp. 171-194. [Online ISSN 1939-0610] [doi.org/10.1037/1093-4510.6.2.171] N2 - This article examines the origins and early development of psychoanalytically inspired psychohistory from the late 1950s to the early 1970s. It focuses on Erik H. Erikson, Bruce Mazlish, and Robert Jay Lifton and illustrates their contributions to psychoanalytic psychohistory. Erikson, Mazlish, and Lifton were core members of the Wellfleet group, a research project originally funded by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1965 to conceptualize the foundation of psychohistory. The article gives an account of the early history of the Wellfleet group and argues for specific historical reasons to explain why psychoanalytic psychohistory emerged on the East Coast of the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. A critique of the Wellfleet group in unpublished correspondence of Erich Fromm and David Riesman is also discussed. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffman, Dassie T1 - Sándor Ferenczi and the Origins of Humanistic Psychology JF - Journal of Humanistic Psychology, No. 43 (2003), pp. 59-86. [Online ISSN1552-650X] [doi.org/10.1177/0022167803257133] N2 - This article discusses Sándor Ferenczi’s contributions to the evolution of psychoanalytic theories, and how these ideas were passed through the generations. Ferenczi introduced such concepts as greater activity by the psychotherapist, the need for emotional connection between the therapist and client, the significance of the interpersonal aspects of the therapeutic experience, and the place of empathy within the therapeutic milieu. The second generation reviewed here is the Neo-Freudian, including Andras Angyal, Izette deForest, Erich Fromm, Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan, and Clara Thompson. The next generation reviewed is that of the foremost humanistic psychologists, Abraham Maslow, Rollo May, Carl Rogers, and James Bugental. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brookfield, Stephen D. T1 - A critical theory perspective on accelerated learning JF - New Directions for Adults and Continuing Education, No. 97 (2003), pp. 73-82. [Online ISSN 1536-0717] [doi.org/10.1002/ace.90] N2 - Article situates accelerated learning programs, and in particular cohort-based programs, within a critical analysis using concepts from Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ausborn, Scot T1 - Post-modernism & The Gospel: The Implications of the Writings of Erich Fromm and Paul Tillich For a Relevant Seventh-day Adventism JF - Senior Research Projects, No. 48 (2003), pp. 1-40. [knowledge.e.southern.edu/senior_research/48] Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolff Bernstein, Jeanne T1 - The immediate is not unmediated. Commentary on paper by Annie Sweetnam JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 13 (2003), pp. 501-511. N2 - The author underscores the importance of Slochower's and Grand's papers on the misdemeanors and crimes committed by psychoanalysts during their clinical work. Both authors are described as being courageous in exploring the realm of analysts' secrets, small misdemeanors, and crimes as a valuable source of collecting and processing countertransference material. Instead of looking at every self-involved activity as a theft from the patient, the author suggests that an analyst may have to retreat to self-enclosed activities in order to be fully present for the patient. At the same time, the kind of activity in which an analyst is engaged while listening to a patient may encapsulate and foreshadow crucial aspects of the transference–countertransference dynamic. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wallach, Mary T1 - In Search of the Poetic Analyst JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (2003), pp. 397-410. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wachtel, Paul L. T1 - The Surface and the Depths: The Metaphor of Depth in Psychoanalysis and the Ways in Which It Can Mislead. JF - Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2003), pp. 005-026. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tuber, S T1 - Neil Altman, Richard Briggs, Jay Frankel, Daniel Gensler, and Pasqual Panton. Relational Child Psychotherapy. JF - Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2003), pp. 720-726. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tillman, Jane G. T1 - The Suicide of Patients and the Quiet Voice of the Therapist JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (2003), pp. 425-428. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taylor, Graeme J. T1 - Somatization and Conversion: Distinct or Overlapping Constructs? JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (2003), pp. 487-508. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Summers, Frank T1 - The Future as Intrinsic to the Psyche and Psychoanalytic Therapy. JF - Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2003), pp. 135-154. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stern, Donnel B. T1 - The medium really is the message. Commentary on Michael J. Bader's paper JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 13 (2003), pp. 843-873. N2 - All understanding is context dependent, and one of the most significant contexts for clinical purposes is the self-state. How we understand the other, and ourselves, depends on the state(s) we occupy. Dissociations between an analyst's self-states can, therefore, limit or impede understanding of the analysand by depriving the analyst of a fitting context within which to grasp what the analysand says and does. Clinical understanding may require the breach of such dissociations. I lay out some of the implications of thinking about transference and countertransference along these lines, with detailed examples illustrating the consequences of the analyst's dissociations and their eventual resolutions. Among the advantages of this way of thinking is that it amounts to a psychoanalytic account of the hermeneutic circle. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stein, A. T1 - Dreaming While Awake: The Use of Trance to Bypass Threat. JF - Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Vol. 39 (2003), pp. 179-198. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stechler, Gerald T1 - The Last Time: Commentary on Paper by Stuart A. Pizer JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 13 (2003), pp. 711-726. N2 - Current understanding of the process of therapy and development focuses on the interactions between the partners. The interaction is a negotiation of differences and of change. The equilibrium of the relationship is inevitably subject to frequent destabilizations, by virtue of normal developmental processes, life events such as losses, and the divergence of aims as each process unfolds. The destabilizations are pivotal to the creation of new states. If a newly emerging state is to be advantageous for the development of the infant or the health of the patient, the associated toxic affects have to be tolerated and dealt with openly. If the analyst defensively hides, opportunities for change will be lost and the old patterns will persist. The therapist and patient, like the parent and child, are engaged together in this mutually altering process. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Slochower, Joyce T1 - The Grünbaum debate introduction JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 13 (2003), pp. 451-469. N2 - Despite a burgeoning literature on major analytic boundary violations, there has been little investigation of what might be called analytic delinquencies or misdemeanors – the small and virtually ubiquitous ways in which analysts deliberately withdraw from the therapeutic endeavor. I consider the impact of professional misdemeanors on patient and analyst and compare both with more serious analytic >crimes< and enactments. Professional delinquencies may reflect a therapeutic reenactment, an expression of the analyst's split-off or disavowed need, or an unconscious attempt to self-regulate or to negotiate space within the constraints of the treatment setting. Because the professional ideal leaves so little room for the analyst's humanity, it is often difficult for us to address and work with evidence of our own need when it clashes with what we regard as the analytic contract. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Slochower, Joyce T1 - The internalized primal scene JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 13 (2003), pp. 521-525. N2 - I respond to two key issues raised by Bernstein and Frankel. One concerns the complex and potentially useful impact of misdemeanors on the treatment process. Without, however, minimizing this dimension of misdemeanors, I focus instead on how we deal with instances when we fail our patients by deliberately placing our own needs ahead of theirs. Bernstein raises the possibility that we are most likely to commit misdemeanors when we embrace an idealized Winnicottian model. I disagree, suggesting that all theoretical positions exclude some aspect of the analyst's personhood. Ultimately, we cannot escape the conflict between the analytic ideal and the reality of our nonideal humanity. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Slavin, Malcolm Owen T1 - The emergence of an American middle school of psychoanalysis. Commentary on Karen Rosica's paper JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 13 (2003), pp. 293-299. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silverman, Doris K. T1 - The Effort to Identify Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments and Its Implications for Clinical Research, Practice, and Training: Commentary on Papers by Lester Luborsky and Hans H. Strupp JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 13 (2003), pp. 243-272. N2 - Foucault challenged the unified, the foundational, and the codified system of knowledge because he believed that the epistemological privilege attached to >scientific< theory lead to a dominating discourse. This occurs, Foucault believed, not only through social institutions, but also through the language, rituals, and practices of ordinary communicative experiences, which are vehicles for the subtle domination of knowledge and all knowledge serves power and the dominant hierarchy. Engaging with Foucault, I challenge some traditional psychoanalytic views and indicate how the psychoanalytic discourse contributed to the shaping of female sexuality. Using a >genealogical< approach such as Foucault considered, I trace some of the historical factors as well as the Zeitgeist for women that shaped early psychoanalytic views. I offer, as well, challenges to Foucault's position because I maintain the relevance of truth claims for the advancement of a psychoanalytic theory of mind and behavior. Such claims, however, need to be held lightly, subject, as they inevitably are, to revision through the acquisition of new knowledge. I present the attachment system as a contrast, as well as an addition to some traditional theorizing, thereby expanding our notions of early development and its interdependent base. I especially challenge the concept of early-stage symbiosis and its role in limiting and constraining women's lives. In this article I focus primarily on the power relations that have shaped female sexuality and have influenced our knowledge and understanding of female development. I challenge some normative views. Such a challenge to normativity is consistent with Foucault's entire intellectual journey, as his biographer comments (Eribon, 1991). My vision includes a conviction about the importance of theory construction and its development, and it proceeds from my focus on research data about the organization of mind and the nature of early bonding. I structure my presentation of female sexuality around the inclusion of such knowledge. I concede that as I upend an old >truth< about the developmental line of female sexuality, I am establishing a new one that will need future interrogation. My hope is that the new narrative will offer another perspective to our view of female sexuality. Y1 - 2003 ER -