TY - GEN A1 - Durkin, Kieran T1 - The radical humanism of Erich Fromm: A re-appropriation. Dissertation at the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences at the University of Glasgow, Glasgow Typescript May 2013, 216 pp. N2 - This thesis attempts to advance the underappreciated thought of Erich Fromm as both a crucial contribution to twentieth century intellectual history and a potentially pivotal point from which to transcend current theoretical impasses. In particular, I argue that Fromm's radical humanism can participate in the rejuvenation of contemporary social theory, which is still largely constrained by the dual reductionism of positivism and poststructuralism, and that a return to it will encourage renewed theorising of, and empirical engagement with, the connections that obtain between the >psychological< and the >social<, the >essential< and the >constructed<, and the >is< and the >ought<. I try to show that Fromm's qualified essentialism and ethical normativism are sensible, viable, and desirable, and that they, coupled with his analytic social psychology, which is based on his underlying humanism and elaborated through a unique fusion of Marx and Freud, provide the basis for the development of practical strategies to realise humanism in the world. Perhaps above all, I try to show that there is a deceptive complexity and sophistication to Fromm's ideas, which are all too often taken as simple and naive. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Qi T1 - The Contemporary Value of Fromm's Social Critique Theory [弗洛姆社会批判理论的当代价值], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China 2013. N2 - 近年来,随着经济全球化的发展,人类社会生活发生了重大的变化,社会矛盾日益凸显,因此,社会批判理论成为人们研究各种社会问题的一个必然语境。弗洛姆社会批判理论是西方社会批判理论中的一枝独秀,弗洛姆从理解和解决人类社会自身的问题出发,对资本主义社会进行了批判;通过对精神分析学、社会异化理论以及社会性格理论的发展历程的研究,弗洛姆揭示了社会批判理论在当代孕育的基本精神及其在当代新的发展逻辑。弗洛姆社会批判理论是从西方资本主义发展亲身经历的视角对西方社会进行了深入的研究和剖析,对当今社会人们面临的问题做了系统的回答。因此,弗洛姆社会批判理论当代价值研究不仅有助于我们进一步揭示当代西方资本主义社会的本质,而且有助于我们进一步探究其理论和现实价值,为我们塑造健全的人、构建健全的和谐社会提供理论上的指导。 N2 - In recent years, with the development of economic globalization, great changes have taken place in the social life of human beings, social contradictions become increasingly prominent, therefore, the critical theory of society become an inevitable context for people to study a variety of social problems. Fromm's social critique theory is the western theory of social criticism in the thriving. From the understanding and solving their own problems of human society, Fromm criticize the capitalist society, through the analysis of psychoanalysis, social alienation and social personality theory development, Fromm reveals the social critical theory in the basic spirit of modern and the new development of contemporary logic. Fromm's social critique theory is experience perspective conducted an in-depth research and analysis of Western society from the development of capitalism in the west, the answer to the problems facing the people in modern society. Therefore, research on Fromm's social critique theory not only helps us to reveal the essence of contemporary capitalist society, but also help us to explore its theoretical and practical value, for us to shape healthy people, provide theoretical guidance for building a harmonious society and improving the provide theoretical guidance. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Ji T1 - Streben nach Freiheit – Zum Freiheitsbegriff in Herta Müllers >Reisende auf einem Bein< [追求自由—赫塔.米勒小说《独脚旅行的人》中的自由概念], Master thesis, Foreign Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2013. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 德国小说家、散文家、诗人赫塔.米勒是2009年的诺贝尔文学奖获得者,诺奖的颁奖词中如此评价她的作品:>兼具诗歌的凝练与散文的率直,描绘了一无所有、无所寄托者的境况<。在米勒的作品中虽然处处透露出作家的个人经验,或是特定社会条件下的人的生存状态,但却显现出人类共有的普遍困境。无论是法西斯、罗马尼亚集权政府、整个东欧阵营的专制统治、对个体自由的限制,还是西德民主国家中资本主义异化社会对个性的压抑,都体现出作家对理想主义的>个体自由<的疑惑和追求。论文分析的主要文本是作家1989年出版的中篇小说《独腿旅行的人》,写于她移居德国的前期,也是唯一一本主要描述其在德国生活的小说,因此对研究米勒作品中的>个体自由<概念有特殊的价值。论文试图从心理学角度,运用德国社会心理学家埃里希•弗罗姆的>消极自由<->积极自由<理论,分析米勒这部小说中处于不同社会环境却共同面临个体不自由的人物的心理状态、形成这种不自由的心理机制以及他们对积极自由的追寻而不得。论文首先简要介绍赫塔.米勒的生平与作品,然后综述论文运用的理论根据。论文主体分为两部分:第一部分以小说主人公在罗马尼亚的生活为背景,阐述在集权社会制度下家庭、社区以及整个社会环境对人的自由的压迫,人在此种环境中产生的权威主义的自由逃避机制。第二部分以主人公移民西德后的境遇为背景,以匿名权威为重点阐释民主社会中仍然存在的各种不自由;主人公在自由幻灭后,在与客体和主体关系中的双重异化以及孤独和自由的两难处境,进一步补充说明了个体自由作为人类普遍困境的艰难和珍贵。论文还阐释了主人公企图通过人与人之间的亲密关系、通过反抗权威、反抗趋同来获得积极自由的尝试。米勒得奖的2009年正值柏林墙倒塌20周年。柏林墙可以推到,但是在精神世界中那堵禁锢自由的墙依然存在。所以她不断揭开这块伤疤,不断描写那些梦魇般的记忆,这种对人类自由困境的探讨和对尚未实现之物的不断追求,正是作家对>个体自由<乌托邦式的追求。而弗洛姆认为要实现真正的个体自由,爱是最终的解救途径,这也是一种终极理想。然而正是人类想要逾越这种永恒的困境与孤独以及渴望超越自我的精神,成为人类文明发展的动力,也是人之所以为人的价值所在 N2 - German novelist, essayist, poet Herta Müller is the 2009 winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature, the Nobel award term evaluation of her work in this: >Both poetry and prose concise straightforward, depicting nothing, rootless's situation<. Though Müller's works everywhere reveals the writer's personal experience, or under certain social conditions of people's living condition, but showing a total of universal human predicament. Whether it is a fascist, totalitarian government of Romania, the entire Eastern Bloc's authoritarian rule, restrictions on individual freedom, democracy or the West Ger¬man social alienation in capitalist oppression of personality, all reflect the writer of idealism >individual freedom< doubts and pursuit. The main text of the paper is to analyze the novella >Traveling on One Leg< writers published in 1989, wrote that she moved to Germany in the early stage, but also the only one in Germany, describes his life in the novel, and therefore the study of Müller’s works the >individual freedom< concept has special value. From a psychological point of trying to paper, the use of the German social psychologist Erich Fromm's >negative liberty< – >positive liberty< theory, Müller, the novel in a different social environment facing individuals but not free psychological states of the characters, not the freedom of the formation of such psychological mechanisms and their quest for freedom and not active. - Firstly, brief introduction Herta Müller's life and works, and then apply the theoretical basis of review papers. Main thesis is divided into two parts: the first part with the protagonist lives in Romania as the background to explain authoritarian oppression of human freedom families, communities and society as a whole environment, resulting in people under totalitarian social system in this environment freedom escape mechanism. – The second part to the situation of migrants in West Germany after the hero as the background to focus on the anonymous authoritative interpretation of a democratic society there are still a variety of non-free; hero in the freedom of disillusionment, the relationship between objects and subjects in the double alienation and loneliness and freedom dilemma, further added that the plight of individual freedom as a universal human hardship and precious.– The paper also explains the attempt by the hero intimate rela¬tionship between people, through rebellion against authority, against convergence to achieve positive liberty attempt. Miller winning the 2009 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall comes. Berlin Wall can be pushed to, but in the spiritual world that imprison freedom blocking wall still exist. So she con¬tinued to uncover this scar, constantly describing those nightmarish memories, explore and have not yet realized this thing constant pursuit of freedom of the human predicament, it is the writer of >individual freedom< utopian pursuit.– And Fromm believes to be true individual freedom, love is the ultimate way to save, and this is an ultimate ideal. Yet it is you want to go beyond this eternal human predicament and loneliness and longing spirit beyond self, become a driving force in the development of human civilization, but also the reason why people human value. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Lei T1 - Study on the Loneliness in Shinichi Hoshi’s Previous Work [论星新一前期作品中的孤独主题], Master thesis, Japanese Language and Literature, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2013. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 星新一是日本近现代著名科幻小说家。他最为突出的成就就是在日本文坛开创了微型科幻小说这一文学领域。从他的众多作品中可以很明显地看出其对战后日本高度资本主义社会的批判意识。本论文采用社会心理学家弗洛姆的孤独理论,对星新一风格尖锐的前期作品集『世界SF全集28星新一作品100』中的孤独主题进行了分析,并结合作品的社会背景和作者的个人经历,探究了其前期作品中孤独主题产生的根源。本论主要从人与自我,人与社会,人与自然三个方面对星新一前期作品中的孤独主题进行了分析。指出了作品中人们对金钱、名声等的热衷追求,无止境的消费欲望,对社会的消极顺应,幻想以及虐待等行为倾向都是对自由的消极逃避。而各种消极逃避行为均源于人们无法忍受的孤独感。但是这种消极逃避不仅削弱人的自我意识,加深孤独感,而且使人与人的关系变得疏远、不信任,进而导致了一般社会联系的消失。最后这种消极逃避导致人与自然的关系的疏离,人们陷入整体的生存危机感当中。对孤独主题产生根源主要从作品的社会背景以及星新一独特的经历两个方面进行了分析。首先通过对作品社会背景的分析,了解到战后日本社会物质生产与精神创造失调,人们陷入一种空虚与孤独感当中这一现实。因此判明了星新一前期作品中的孤独主题实际上是当时社会人们精神状态的真实反映。其次通过对星新一受家庭影响形成的内向的性格,日本二战战败后目标的迷失,父亲去世后接手星制药公司这一时期的苦恼以及进入文坛后世人对其作品的不理解等坎坷经历的分析,探明了星新一前期作品中的孤独主题也是其内心孤独情感的真实写照。通过对星新一前期作品中孤独主题的深入研究与分析,有助于我们更好的了解星新一的孤独感和他的作品,以及更好的理解日本人和日本社会的各种现象。 N2 - Xing Xinyi is a famous science fiction writer in Modern Japan. His most prominent achievement was pioneered in Japan in the field of literature literary miniature science fiction. You can clearly see their critical awareness of postwar Japan highly capitalist society from his many works. This paper uses the theory of social psychologist Erich Fromm lonely, sharp style of Xing Xinyi pre Portfolio >World SF 28 Xing Xinyi Complete Works 100< on the theme of loneliness were analyzed and combined work and social background the author's personal experience, to explore the roots of his early works, the theme of loneliness generated. - The theory is mainly from people with self, man and society, man and nature Xing Xinyi preliminary work on three aspects of the theme of loneliness were analyzed. It pointed out the works of money, fame, etc. keen pursuit of the endless desire for consumption, the negative response to the social, fantasy and abusive behavior, such as the negative tendency is to escape to freedom. And all sorts of negative be-havior to escape from the loneliness of people are unbearable. But this negative escape only weakened people's self-awareness, deepen loneliness, but also the relationships between people become alienated, mistrust, which led to the disappearance of general social contact. Finally, this leads to alienation escape negative relationship between man and nature, people caught in them a sense of overall survival crisis. The main theme of the root causes of loneliness from social background work and Xing Xinyi unique experience both aspects of the analysis. First, through the analysis of the social background of the work, learned postwar Japanese society to create material production and spiritual disorders, among a people into the reality of emptiness and loneliness. - Thus became clear early works Xing Xinyi loneliness theme is actually a true reflection of society at that time people's mental states. Followed by families affected by Xing Xingyi formed introverted personality, lost after the defeat of Japan in World War II targets, taking over after the death of his father Star distress pharmaceutical companies during this period and into the literary works of the world does not understand their frustrations experienced etc. analysis proved the Xing Xingyi early works also true portrayal of loneliness theme of their inner feelings of loneliness. Early work by Xing Xinyi lonely topics in depth research and analysis, to help us better understand Xing Xinyi loneliness and his works, as well as a better understanding of the Japanese and the Japanese Society of various phenomena. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Huo, Xuemin T1 - From >Commodity Materialized< to >Individual Alienation< – Western Marxist Theory of Alienation Logic and Historical Analysis [从>商品物化<到 >个体异化< –西方马克思主义异化理论的逻辑与历史分析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2013. N2 - 异化劳动理论是青年马克思对资本主义社会实施批判的重大理论成果,后继的西方马克思主义者在对发达资本主义社会进行批判时仍延续了马克思异化理论的逻辑。卢卡奇根据马克思的这一理论提出他的>物化理论<,深入揭示资本主义社会下人与人的物化关系。随着资本主义商品经济的发展,西方马克思主义理论家们的批判视角发生了转变。科技革命的推进,使得社会发展迅速,技术化、新的消费社会背后隐藏着众多的异化现象。加之两次世界大战带给人们的内心创伤,人性发生了扭曲。透过发达资本主义的繁荣景象和富裕的物质生活,法兰克福学派的马尔库塞和弗洛姆发现了其背后新的异化问题,揭露出生活于其中的人们面临的新困境。工人阶级虽摆脱了马克思所述的>肉体受折磨,精神遭摧残<的惨状,却在富裕的工业社会中受着>总体化<的控制。随着消费社会的兴起,人们的精神异化更加严重,当代社会的人们遭受资本主义统治的程度大大加深了。本文分为四个部分,第一部分主要从卢卡奇的物化理论着手,探讨这一理论对社会批判工作的奠基作用,为后继的西方马克思主义者研究资本主义提供了新视角;第二部分分析法兰克福学派重要代表马尔库塞对于发达工业社会人性扭曲的剖析;第三部分阐述心理分析大师弗洛姆对于发达资本主义社会人的内心世界异化的研究;第四部分从逻辑角度和历史角度分析由于时代背景的不同,西方马克思主义理论家们对于异化问题探讨视角发生变化的原因。对于这一理论视角和问题意识转变的分析和研究,有助于我们从历史的角度了解西方马克思主义的发展进程,对于资本主义社会人的异化的困境的剖析也有助于解决当代人日常生活的一些困境 N2 - Alienated Labor theory is youth Marx's criticism of capitalist society to implement the important theory achievement, the subsequent western Marxist criticism in the developed capitalist society is still the continuation of the logic of Marx's alienation theory. Lukács according to Marx's the theory put forward his >materialization< theory, to further reveals the capitalist society of the materialization of human relation. With the development of capitalism and era background changed, the critical perspective of western Marxist theorists has changed. With the advancement of science and technology revolution, more and more new consumption alienation is coming out behind many of the phenomenon. Combined with the two world wars to people's hearts trauma, humanity has been distorted. Through the prosperity of the developed capitalism and rich material life, the Frankfurt school of Marcuse and Fromm found behind the new alienation, revealed a life in which people face the new situation. Working class are out of Marx described >tortured< a physical suffering, mental images, but in the rich industrial society are controlled by the >general<. Along with the rise of a consumer society, people's spiritual alienation is more serious, the extent of the rule of capitalism through the contemporary society greatly deepened - This article is divided into four parts, the first part mainly from Lukács materialization theory, discusses the foundations of the theory of social critique work role, he provides a new perspective for the subsequent western Marxist study capitalism.– The second part analysis the Frankfurt school important representative Marcuse interprets the distortion of human nature by developed industrial society.– In the third part Master expounds the psychological analysis of Fromm's alienation in advanced capitalist society from people's inner world of the research.– The fourth part from the perspective of logic and history angle analysis because of the different time background, western Marxist theorists about alienation problem to investigate the causes of angle change. For the theory visual angle and the analysis of transformation of problem consciousness and research, can help us from a historical perspective to understand the development process of western Marxism, to the analysis for the plight of the alienation of capitalism society people can also help solve some predicament of contemporary daily life. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Borgheti, Rodrigo da Silva T1 - O problema da liberdade nas obras de Paulo Freire e Erich Fromm [The problem of Freedom in Paulo Freire's and Erich Fromm's works], Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo 2013. N2 - O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é analisar o problema da liberdade nas obras de Paulo Freire escrita até 1970, compreendendo o percurso de apropriação que este educador fez da Psicologia Humanista de Erich Fromm. Trata-se de uma pesquisa histórica, circunscrita no âmbito da História da Educação e da Psicologia do Século XX. Como fontes, utilizamos as obras dos autores em questão focando-nos em dois aspectos: a) na apreensão dos problemas que interessavam ambos os autores e nas soluções dadas pelos mesmos naquele contexto histórico; b) no entendimento das hipóteses e expectativas que consideravam como válidas. O estudo realizado evidenciou-nos que ambos os autores partiram de suas realidades, transformando suas reflexões em contribuições concretas para interpretar o problema da liberdade. Ambos viveram a crise profunda do mundo contemporâneo causada pelo terror do totalitarismo e da ideologia, cuja perversidade ameaçou a liberdade humana e o funcionamento de uma sociedade democrática e que se traduziu no campo intelectual pelo esfacelamento da tradição filosófica e religiosa. Ambos utilizaram novos métodos para justificarem a busca da resposta ao problema da liberdade em um século marcado pela violência. Embora a matriz ontológica do conceito de liberdade de Freire seja diferente de Fromm, contrariando nossa hipótese inicial de trabalho, Freire, encontra na psicologia humanista de Fromm uma possibilidade de reflexão sobre a questão educacional brasileira, partindo da história de sua tradição educacional e da inexperiência democrática do povo brasileiro, numa ótica interdisciplinar, com base filosófica antropológica e oferece categorias psicológicas para análise da formação da consciência dos indivíduos, ponto chave da liberdade humana, extremamente necessária para a educação de uma sociedade democrática. N2 - The main objective of this research paper is to analyze the problem of freedom in Paulo Freire's works written until 1970, encompassing the trajectory of appropriation that this educator does upon Erich Fromm's Humanist Psychology. It is about a historical research, circumscribed in the scope of History of Education and Psychology and 20th Century. As sources, works of the authors mentioned have been used focusing primarily on two aspects: a) apprehension of the problems that were of interest to both authors and the solutions provided by both of them in that historical context; b) understanding of the hypotheses and expectations that were considered valid. The study has evidenced that both authors had as a starting point their own realities, transforming their reflections in concrete contributions to interpret the problem of freedom. Both lived the profound crisis of the contemporary world caused by the terror of totalitarianism and ideology, whose perversity threatened human freedom and functionalism of a democratic society and that translated itself in the intellectual field by the shredding of philosophical and religious tradition. Both used new methods to justify the search for the answer to the problem of freedom in a century stained by violence. Even though the ontological matrix of Freire's concept of freedom is different from Fromm's, contradicting the initial hypothesis of this paper, not only does Freire find in Fromm's humanist psychology a possibility to reflect upon the Brazilian educational problem, starting from the history of its educational tradition and the democratic inexperience from the Brazilian people, under an interdisciplinary view, with its anthropological philosophical foundation, but he also offers psychological categories to the human analysis for the formation of consciousness in individuals, key fact to the human freedom, extremely necessary to the education of a democratic society. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Guo, Linsheng T1 - Cultural Studies on Technical Innovation [技术创新人文化研究], Master thesis, Science and Technology Philosophy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2013. N2 - 技术创新是人类特殊的实践活动,对人类社会产生了重大的影响。自从美籍奥地利学者熊彼特在20世纪初期左右提出其>创新<理论以来,>技术创新<逐渐成为人们普遍关注的焦点,在学术界受到越来越多专家学者的重视;同时,技术创新在促进经济社会发展中所起到的作用也越来越重要,随着人类由农业社会、工业社会转入到信息社会,技术创新使人类具备了>超能力<,可以做前人无法做的事情,人类获得了巨大的生产力,也从中提升了人自身的价值。但是由于技术创新的不合理利用,导致我们人类在享受它所带来的好处时,不得不冷静思考带来的一系列负面的影响:生态危机、环境污染、资源短缺、人口膨胀等。这就犹如打开了>潘多拉之盒<,它一方面给予我们创造了物质精神财富,另一方面却给人类带来许多的灾难,需要我们理性地反思技术创新,批判现实的技术创新价值取向与发展方式,从人文价值的角度探讨人与自然、社会的关系。人作为高度自觉性的动物,为了人类更加美好的明天,理应通过反思过去、现在的技术创新活动,并且使人类认识到科学技术的发展不能仅仅追求技术本身的工具性价值,而且更需要追求人文的价值,赋予科学技术深切的人文关怀,技术创新本身也走向一个合理的向度,使之真正为人类服务。这也是人类在解决技术创新活动中产生的诸多问题所面临的现实的选择。本文采用了文献研究法、历史与逻辑相统一、从抽象到具体和案例分析法对问题展开了研究,为整篇论文的分析论证奠定方法论的基础。本篇论文全文共七章。第一章是引言,从研究背景、研究意义、研究方法与思路、路线图、研究综述等方面加以阐释,在于从整体上概要本文的内容。第二章主要阐释了技术创新人文化理论的哲学思想来源,考察了马克思技术人文主义的思想、海德格尔技术艺术化的思想、马尔库塞新技术的思想、弗洛姆>人道化技术<思想和刘易斯•芒福德>走向生活指向的技术<思想,从而说明本文技术创新人文化思想的产生。第三章主要采用了案例分析法对技术创新人文化进行了实证研究,以说明本文所阐述的技术创新人文化的相关理论。第四章重点探讨了包括技术创新人文化的概念、主要内容、理论特征、现实基础等基本内涵,首先,文章以技术创新和人文化的概念作为基础,并以此为出发点,对技术创新人文化进行了阐释;然后,技术创新人文化的主要内容进行了说明;并且对技术创新人文化的理论特征进行了简要地说明;最后,论述了技术创新人文化的客观基础,其意义在于说明我们人类的技术创新活动需要突破现有价值取向,走出一条更加合理的技术创新实践活动之路。第五章对技术创新人文化的实践原则进行了论述,文章从系统原则、科学原则、可持续发展原则、以人为本原则、民主原则、前瞻性原则六大实践原则进行阐释。第六章探讨了技术创新人文化的现实道路,从人文的技术创新价值取向、扬弃科技崇拜,实现两种文化的融合、实现科技教育与人文教育的协调综合发展、建立健全技术创新的伦理规范、实施技术创新的人文评价和保持新技术与旧技术之间的合理张力等方面来说明如何实现技术创新的人文化。最后一章是结束语,它在于说明本文研究的创新点与不足之处,指出本文研究的走向。对技术创新的人文化展开研究,实质上是对原有单一物质价值取向的技术创新活动进行人文化的重构,丰富技术创新本身的内涵,也使得技术与人文的相互融合,工具理性与价值理性有机的统一起来,在此基础上,寻求一种更适合于人类生存与发展的技术创新实践方式。 N2 - Technological innovation is a special human practice activity, which has had a major impact on human society. Technological innovation has become the focus of widespread concern since Schumpeter put forward the theory of >technology innovation< in the early 20th century. At the same time, technological innovation played an increasingly role in promoting the economic and social development. With the human beings from an agricultural society, industrial society into the information society, Human beings have >super-powers< from technological innovation, which makes human, own a huge productivity and enhance the value of the people. However, when enjoying the benefits of technological innovation, we have to think calmly brought about by a series of negative effects because of the unreasonable use of technological innovation: the ecological crisis, environmental pollution, shortage of resources and population expansion. It is like to open a >Pandora’s box<, on the one hand, it gives us to create a material and spiritual wealth, on the other hand, it has brought many of catastrophe, and need us to rationally reflect on the technological innovation, critical the value of the real technological innovation orientation and to explore the relationship between man and nature, man and society from the perspective of human values. As a highly motivated animals, for a better human future, human beings should reflect on the technological innovation activities from past to now the, and make human realize the technology development can not only pursue the technology itself, but also need to pursue humanities value. This is also a realistic option in solving the technological innovation activities for human beings. This paper adopted the organism of literature, the unity of history and logic, from the abstract to the concrete and other issues and laid the basis for the methodology for the analysis and appraisal of the entire paper. This thesis consists of seven parts.– Chapter 1 is introduction of this paper, which has intro-duced the background, significance, research methods, ideas, the road map and research of this paper, and has given the overall summary of the contents of this article.– Chapter 2 is the theoretical sources of human cultural ideology of technological innovation, the article mainly on the life point technology thought Marcuse social critical theory, Fromm’s >human< ideological alienation and max thought of Lewis Mumford, which can show that the production of human cultural ideology of technological innovation.– Chapter 3 has used the case to research the humanization of technology innovation mainly in this paper.– Chapter 4 has researched essence of technological innovation humanization and the main content, first, the concept of technological innovation, humanities, essentially on the interpretation of the humanization of technological innovation, furthermore, this chapter has discussed the character of humanization of technological innovation, finally, from the three levels of design cultured, the cultured of knowledge integration, the human cultured of social integration analysis the technological innovation culture, its significance lies in the description of the innovation activities of our human need to highlight the existing value orientation, and have a technological innovation activities the road which is a more rational practice road.– Chapter 5 has discussed the practice principle of technological innovation culture, this article from system principle, scientific principle sustainable development principle, people-oriented principle, the principle of democracy to be explained.– Chapter 6 has discussed the objective basis and reality beyond of technological innovation culture, this article has analyzed the objective basis, and has explained from the value of technological innovation of humanity-oriented, technology worship to be abandoned and will realize the fusion of the two cultures in the future, to achieve coordinated development of science and technology education and humanity education, to establish sound technological innovation ethical norms, and the implementation of technological innovation humanity evaluation.– The last chapter is conclusion which means has pointed out the inadequacy of this paper and has pointed out the road of this paper. To survey technological innovation from the perspective of human values actually is the reconstruction of the humanization of technological innovation. The meaning of itself of technological innovation has been taken, and also has made the merging of technology and humanity, instrumental rationality and the value of rational organic unify. On this basis to seek a more suitable practical way for human survival and the development of technological innovation. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tian, Wenxin T1 - Analysis on Harmonious Society – Theory of Western Marxism [西方马克思主义的社会和谐思想探析], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2013. N2 - 西方资本主义社会现代化所带来的后果引起了很多西方马克思主义理论家们的思考,这一时期的很多社会和谐思想就源于西马学者们的反思和批判。西方马克思主义理论家们着重研究了西方社会人与社会、人与自然发展的不协调以及社会文化的变异等现象,指出西方资本主义社会出现种种不和谐的症结所在是西方社会制度的不完善和一些特殊利益集团的存在,他们认为,构建和谐社会应该从问题的本质入手来对社会结构和人的心理进行彻底地变革。改革开放以来,作为一种社会思潮,西方马克思主义引起了中国学术界的广泛关注。西方马克思主义思想涉猎的内容十分广泛,包括了政治、经济、文化等多个领域,虽然这些理论并没有明确地指出如何构建和谐社会,但其中也涵盖了许多与社会和谐紧密相关的理论和思想。更深层次地探究西方马克思主义社会和谐思想精髓,对中国和谐社会主义的建设也具有启发和借鉴意义。本文以西方和谐社会思想为切入点,从西方马克思主义思想总体性思想中的社会和谐思想入手,进一步深化探讨西方马克思主义的两大批判理论中的社会和谐思想,从中吸取理论精华,而对于其中一些极端片面的观点进行批判,做到取其精华,去其糟粕。文章的第一章阐述了西方马克思主义的重要思想特征即总体性思想中的社会和谐思想。文章通过介绍总体性思想中的社会和谐思想在存在论、方法论、价值论中的体现,深入解读了总体性思想概念中的社会和谐思想的内涵。另外,文章的第一部分对总体性思想进行了划分,分为社会历史的总体性和社会结构的总体性,并分别深入研究了蕴含在其中的社会和谐思想,从而客观的把握了社会的发展过程同时也完善了社会内部结构的统一。文章的第二章阐述了西方马克思主义社会的两大批判理论即社会批判理论和文化批判理论中的社会和谐思想。其中社会批判理论中的社会和谐思想这一部分较为详细地阐述了三个具有代表性的思想,即:卢卡奇对于物化理论和阶级意识的研究;弗洛姆对资本主义制度的批判、对人性问题的思考以及对人道主义的高度赞扬;马尔库塞对人没有自由追求幸福权利的批判以及对社会变成>单向度<的社会、人变成了>单向度<的人的批判。在文化批判理论中的社会和谐思想这一部分也较为深入的探究了两个具有代表性的思想,即:霍克海默和阿多诺对启蒙精神和文化工业的批判;马尔库塞对单向度文化、实证主义和传统艺术的批判。这些批判理论中的社会和谐思想都取得了丰硕的研究成果,对我们更深入地拓展社会和谐思想有积极意义。文章的第三章主要由两个部分组成,即西方马克思主义社会和谐思想对构建和谐社会的启示和从西方马克思主义社会和谐思想局限性中的反思。关于启示部分文章概述了在总结西方马克思主义社会和谐思想的理论精华之后,我们得到的一系列具有积极借鉴意义的思想理论,如:应当明确社会主义和谐社会发展,应以政治、经济,还有文化以及生态等各要素全面发展为目标,在构建和谐社会主义社会的道路上应该不断挖掘人民群众的主体意识,使群众积极主动地投入到建设事业中等等。但是,尽管西方马克思主义社会和谐思想对我们建设和谐社会意义重大,影响深远,其本身也存在局限性,文章最后简述了弗洛姆和马尔库塞批判理论中社会和谐思想的局限性并加以反思。西方马克思主义社会和谐理论中有值得我们学习和借鉴的地方,但他们的很多理论和思想存在着某种程度上的偏差和片面性。所以,我们在学习研究西方马克思主义社会和谐理论时,要明确其理论中存在的偏颇的消极部分,吸收其积极成分,使其对我国构建社会主义和谐社会有借鉴价值。 N2 - The modernization of western society aroused many western Marxian's attention, many social harmony theories were formed under their self-examination and criticized. Western Marxist theorists blind up in researching disharmony of development between people and society, people and nature and social and cultural variations in Western society, they point out that the crux of this kind of disharmony was the imperfection of Western social system and the existence of some special interest groups, they believe that building a harmonious society should start from change the social structure and the psychological. Since the reform and opening up, as a kind of social thought, Western Marxism has caused widespread concern in China academic circles. Western Marxism studied under a wide range of content, including political, economic, cultural and other fields, although these theories is not clear that how to build a harmonious society, but also covers a number of closely related and social harmony theory and thought. To absorb the western social harmony theory in essence is also helpful for us to build a harmonious society. This article use Western Marxist harmony theory as a basic point, catch the general characteristics of the harmonious society thought in Western Marxism overall thought, then do further relative researches on Western Marxist social harmony theories and two critical theories to get the useful essence and drop the unilateral points. The first chapter of the article describes the Western Marxist harmony theory in the important ideological characteristics of Western Marxism which is the over arching ideological. The essay introduces the reflection of society harmonious thought in Western Marxism overall thought in presence of theory, methodology and the theory of value. In this way we can get the intension of harmonious society thought in Western Marxism overall thought. In addition, the first part classify overall ideological into two parts: the social history overall ideological and social structure overall ideological. Then do a further research of society harmonious thought in both of them in order to grasp of the social development process objectively and improve the unify of social internal structure.– The second chapter of the article describes social harmony theories in two critical theory of Western Marxist society which is the social critical theory and cultural critical theory. Therein, the social harmony theories in social critical three typical theories: research of materialization thought and class consciousness from Lukács; the critical of capitalist system, consideration of humanity and highly praised of the humanitarian from Fromm; the critical that people have no right to pursuit happiness, society turn into a >one-dimensional< society and person turn into a >one-dimensional< person from Marcuse. The social harmony theories in cultural critical theory describe two typical theories: the critical spirit of the Enlightenment and the culture industry from Horkheimer and Adorno; the critical of the one-dimensional culture, positivism and traditional art from Marcuse. These social harmony theories in critical theory all get great achievements and have positive significant for us to develop social harmony theories in a further level.– The third chapter consists of two parts: the enlightenment of Western Marxist social harmony theories to build a harmonious society and introspection from the limitation of Western Marxist social harmony theories. About the enlightenment part, the essay through the research of Western Marxist social harmony theories got lots of useful ideals, such as: we should be made clear that development of a socialist harmonious society should be basic on the common development of political, economic, cultural and ecological; we should continually tap the people's consciousness on development process in order to make people may devote to the building career actively. However, despite the Western Marxist social harmony theories have huge influence for us, the theory itself has its own limitation.– In the last part of the essay, the article briefly describe the introspection from the limitation of Western Marxist social harmony theories in Fromm and Herbert Marcuse's critical theories. There is so much we can learn from Western Marxist social harmony theory, now, many of their theories and ideas have some bias and one -sided point in some degree. So when we learn the Western Marxism social harmony theory, we should avoid biased and the negative part and grasp the sense of proportion in order to build a harmonious society in China in a better way. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tao, Xiangfeng T1 - The Theory of Psychic Mechanism Critique on Fromm’s Escape from Freedom and Contemporary Enlightenment [弗洛姆逃避自由的心理机制批判理论及当代启示], Master Thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China 2013. N2 - 人类历史的发展过程表明,矛盾性是其显著特征:一方面,由于科学技术的迅猛发展,带来经济的极大提高,人类的物质生活各个方面得到极大改善,人类的生存环境也比以前得到极大地改善,人类证明了自己力量无穷强大,控制力的范围和强度也得到证明;但另一方面,人类所设想和所追求的自由状态并没有得到实现,反而陷入了一种对自由的逃避状态之中,而这种逃避又导致了人的心理机制的异化。弗洛姆作为法兰克福学派的重要代表人物,秉承该学派的思想理论特色:对人类生存境遇的关注。他通过对马克思异化理论和弗洛伊德精神分析理论的融合,力图揭示人类追求自由但又逃避自由的心理根源,探究逃避自由的心理机制,从现代人的性格结构及其面临的种种困境着手进行分析和考察,并试图找出消除现代社会弊病的途径。在当代中国,人们面临着如同弗洛姆笔下的逃避自由的心理困境,以及相似的环境因素。本文希望通过对弗洛姆逃避自由的心理机制理论进行分析和借鉴,考察目前中国所存在的逃避自由的心理机制,试图提出解决途径,从而真正实现人的全面发展。本文共五个部分:第一部分阐释弗洛姆心理机制批判理论的现实与理论基石。西方马克思主义,尤其是其中的法兰克福学派,是通过对弗洛伊德和马克思思想的融合而形成的>弗洛伊德的马克思主义<学说。弗洛姆作为法兰克福学派的一员,其思想理论一方面继承了马克思的异化理论,另一方面也吸收了弗洛伊德精神分析学关于性格结构的学说。在融合两者思想的基础上他针对发达工业社会条件下的心理机制展开了批判。第二部分阐释弗洛姆心理机制批判理论的内涵。弗洛姆认为,当人开始>认识到自己是一个与周围的自然界和他人有别的整体之时,人类的社会史就开始了。>人类开始进入个体化发展的过程,而这种>个体化的过程<就是自我力量的增长,但同时个体的孤独感日益增加。这两种不同的发展趋势使人产生了不堪忍受的孤独和无权力的感觉,而这种感觉又导致形成了一种心理机制,即弗洛姆所说的>逃避的机制<,也就是本论文所说逃避自由的心理机制。第三部分阐释逃避自由的心理机制在当代中国的表现。当代中国随着市场经济的迅猛发展,人们的生活和心理发生了很大变化,在心理方面也遭受着类似的困境。弗洛姆在《逃避自由》中所阐述的现代人三种典型的>逃避自由<的形式,对解析当今我国社会转型期民众心理有很好的参考价值。第四部分阐释避免逃避自由的心理机制的途径。弗洛姆认为,要改变这种面对自由而又逃避自由的两难境地中人的心理机制,就必须要建立健全的人格和健全的社会。他认为,所谓健全的人就是未被异化的人,同时具有创造性特征的人,而健全的社会主要围绕着>人<这一目的,讲求人的生产性和创造性。为了这一健全的社会和健全的人格,弗洛姆从整体上提出了解决方案。首先在人的精神层面提倡爱,建立一种和谐的人际关系;在经济上,激发工人以主人的姿态积极参与企业生产管理;在政治上,完善民主制:在文化上,提倡教育和艺术等各个方面的改革。第五部分阐释弗洛姆心理机制批判理论的现实启示。在当代中国,由于科学技术的发展,不断推动现代的市场经济建设,在经济发展的同时也带来一系列问题,表现为人与自然、人与人的关系逐渐恶化,人的孤独感的增强,以及人们普遍存在着心理问题等等。因此,心理机制批判理论不仅对于发达工业社会诊治自身的弊病有所指导,而且对于当代中国具有重要的借鉴意义 N2 - The process of development of human history shows that the contradiction is its salient feature: On the one hand, due to the rapid development of science and technology, bring great improvement to the economic. All the aspects of material life improved significantly, Human’s survival environment has improved greatly than before, Human be proved to strong infinitely, the scope and intensity of control are also proved; But on the other hand, the freedom state of the imagined and pursuit by human has not been realized, instead, fell into a state of escape freedom, and this escape led to the alienation of people’s psychological mechanism. Fromm as an important representative figure of Frankfurt school, adhering to the characteristics of the ideological and theoretical of the school: attention to the human living circumstances. Through the fusion of Marx’s alienation theory and Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, he tries to reveal the psychological roots of human pursuit and escape freedom and explore the psychological me¬chanism of escape from freedom, analysis and investigate from the modern people’s personality structure and the plight, and trying to find out the ways of modern social ill. In today’s China, People face the psychological trouble as Fromm said, and similar environmental factors. This article hopes to analysis and reference the theory of psychological mechanism of Fromm’s escape from freedom to analysis current psychological mechanism of escaping from freedom in China, tries to put forward to solutions, so as to realize man’s all-round development. In this paper, a total of five parts: The first part explains the foundation of reality and theory of Fromm’s critical psychological mechanism theory. Western Marxism, especially the Frankfurt School, is formed by fusion of Freud’s and Marx’s thought, which is the theory of >Freudian Marxism<. Fromm as a member of the Frankfurt school, the thought and theory on the one hand, inherited Marx’s alienation theory, on the other hand also absorbs the Freudian psychoanalysis theory of personality structure. Based on the fusion of both thought, he critique the psychological mechanism aimed at the developed industrial society. - The second part illustrates the connotation of the critical theory of the psychological mechanism. Fromm thought, from the moment that human began to >recognize himself as a whole that different from the nature and other people around, and then the human social history began<. Human began go into the process of individual development, which is the increases of self-strength, but at the same time the feeling of alone increase. The two different development trend make the person produces the unbearable loneliness and the feeling of no power, and this kind of feeling form a psychological mechanism, namely >escape mechanisms<, it is also said that what this paper call to escape the psychological mechanism of escape freedom. - The third part illustrates the psychological mechanism of escape from freedom in contemporary China. In contemporary China, with the rapid development of market economy, great changes have taken place in people’s life and psychology, the psychological suffering a similar plight. The three typical form of escape from freedom that Fromm illustrates in the escape from freedom has a very good value. - The fourth part explains the ways that avoid the psychological mechanism of escape from freedom. Fromm thought, in order to change the psychological mechanism that the dilemma of face of freedom and escape from freedom, must establish perfect personality and society. Fromm thought the healthy people is so-called alienation and creative characteristics, and the main characteristics of perfect world is im¬prove the social purpose of the human is, being productive and creative character of the society. To the sound of a society and a sound personality, Fromm’s overall solution is put forward first in people’s spiritual advocates love, build a harmonious interpersonal relationship; in Economical, motivate workers to actively participate in enterprise production and management of the owner; in politics, perfect the democracy; In culture, advocate the reform of education and many aspects, such as art. - The fifth part illustrates the reality enlightenment of Fromm’s critical theory of psychological mechanism. In contemporary China, as a result of the development of science and technology, the construction of modern market economy promoted constantly, at the same time the development of economic also brings a series of problems, such as the performance of the relationship between human and nature, the relationship among people gradually deteriorated, and enhanced people’s loneliness, and there is a widespread psychological problems. The critical theory of psychological mechanism, therefore, not only has guidance for own ills of the developed industrial society, but also has important significance for contemporary China. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lai, Chen T1 - Humanistic Psychoanalysis on Colonel in One Hundred Years of Solitude [《百年孤独》中上校的人本主义精神分析], English Language and Literature, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [哥伦比亚作家加西亚•马尔克斯的魔幻现实主义名著《百年孤独》自出版以来就备受关注。前人从很多方面研究过小说中的孤独氛围,但从心理分析的角度来剖析角色的孤独心理的研究却不多。本文试用埃里希•弗洛姆的人本主义精神分析理论来解读小说中的主角,也是最为可悲的人物,奥雷里亚诺上校终生都无法摆脱的孤独。本文认为导致奥雷里亚诺上校孤独的原因有三个方面。首先,本文分析了上校生命的破坏欲:爱的能力的缺失使得他很难在生命中有所创造,而战争又将他原本就微弱的创造欲转化成破坏欲,他只能通过破坏生命来满足超越的需求。其次,剖析了上校对他人的屈从与顺从:与生俱来的孤僻和预言本领让他与家人和世界隔离开来,他的一生是与他人疏远异化的。但因为关联需求的驱使,孤僻的上校也无法避免想要与他人联系,他只能屈从于比自身强大的力量来找到关联感,这种不理智的屈从正是他受虐倾向的体现。另一方面,上校在体验自我身份感上的失败,使得他只能通过顺从他人来寻找自我,但是这样得来的自我是只能一种伪自我,他无法真正满足对于身份感的需求。最后,是对上校乱伦的解读:上校无力通过自身的努力来找到自己的新根,他无法摆脱对于母亲的乱伦欲望,即无法摆脱自然的根的束缚,也就不能真正满足根性的需求。本文借助了弗洛姆的人本主义精神分析理论和马尔克斯终结孤独的写作愿望,分析了小说主人翁孤独的症结所在。破坏欲,屈从与顺从,乱伦,这些都是上校对精神需求的消极满足,这种满足是不充分的,无力的,不足以让他真正摆脱孤独与不安,这也就注定了他终生的孤独。本文希望通过找寻孤独的真正原因,对活在浮躁世界中的现代人摆脱孤独带来启发。] N2 - One Hundred Years of Solitude, a renowned work of magic realism by the Columbian writer Garcia Marquez, has been receiving continuous attention since its publication. The solitary atmosphere has been studied in many aspects by lots of researchers, but about the analysis of the figure’s solitary mind from a psychological perspective is quite few. For this reason, this paper tries to read lifetime solitude of the hero Colonel Aureliano Buendia, who is also the most solitary and pathetic man in the novel in the view of Erich Fromm’s psychoanalysis. - This thesis concludes that there are three reasons for Colonel Aureliano’s solitude: The first is Colonel’s destructiveness on life: Colonel’s incapability of love makes him hard to create in life, and the war further turns his weak creativeness into destructiveness, which causes him to destroy life to answer the transcendence need. The second is Colonel’s submission and conformity to others: the inherent solitude and premonition estrange him from family and world. His whole life is alienated from others. Distant Colonel cannot avoid to be related under the urge of the need for relatedness, but he has to submit to the strong external power to answer it. This irrational submission is the expression of his masochistic strivings. On the other hand, Colonel’s failure of sensing self makes him to conform to others to experience it, but this self is a pseudo self, which cannot make him satisfied in answering the need for identity. The last is Colonel’s incest problem: Colonel is not capable of finding his new roots by himself. He is unable to get rid of the incestuous desire on mother, which means that he cannot break away from the constraint of natural roots and fails to answer the need of rootedness. - This thesis has pointed out main hero’s crux of solitude in the aid of Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis and Marquez’s writing intention of ending solitude. Destructiveness, submission, conformity and incest are Colonel’s negative satisfactions of psychological needs. This satisfaction is insufficient and impotent to make him truly escape from aloneness and insecurity, which determines his life-long solitude. This thesis is accomplished under the wish to enlighten the people who live in the blundering world to get rid of solitude. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xie, Longjun T1 - From >Sick Man< to >Sane Man< – Fromm’s Critical Social Theory [从>病态的人<到>健全的人< – 弗洛姆社会批判理论研究], Master thesis, World History, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China 2013. N2 - [本文以20世纪的两次世界大战、1929年经济危机以及>冷战<等重大历史事件作为历史背景,以弗洛姆的社会批判理论为视角,探讨了弗洛姆就如何把一个病态的人构建成一个健全的人的理论。全文内容可以分为五个部分。第一部分是导论部分,这部分简述了选题的缘起、国内外的研究现状、论文所采用的研究方法和创新之处以及论文的主体内容。第二部分主要介绍了当时的历史背景与弗洛姆的生平及思想形成过程,分为两节。第一节主要论述了20世纪西方人类的生存状况,科学技术的飞速发展给人类带来了前所未有的变化,它不仅给人类带来了巨大的便利,而且也产生很大的负面影响。在短短的一百多年的时间里,人类所取得的成就远超以前的总和,人类的物质文明和精神文明得到了前所未有的发展,但是,两次世界大战、经济危机以及人的不断的被物化,人类陷入了巨大的生存危机,这引起了西方学者反思。第二节主要是以弗洛姆从德国到美国再到瑞士的居住地变化为线索,探讨了弗洛姆的生活经历和学术探索过程,也是弗洛姆思想形成和发展的过程。第三部分和第四部分探讨弗洛姆社会批判理论的主要内容。其中,第三部分论述了弗洛姆关于一个健全的人如何逐渐沦为一个病态的人,共包括三节。第一节主要阐述了弗洛姆对人性的解读;第二节主要讲述了弗洛姆关于健全的人的定义及内涵;第三节主要论述了现代人逐渐沦为一个病态人的主要原因:社会过滤器、权威的束缚、自由的逃避和自我的丧失。第四部分则主要论述了弗洛姆就如何构建一个自由健全的人提出具体设想,具体分为三节。第一节讲述了自我重塑是建立一个健全的人的前提条件,是人重建自我价值的基础;第二节讲述了通过构建一个健全的社会,为实现一个健全的人创造必要的社会环境;第三节是通过获得自由完全成为一个健全的人,包括实现积极的自由和自我实现的自由——爱的实现。第五部分是余论,简要评价了弗洛姆的社会批判理论对西方社会的影响、存在的局限以及对当代中国的警醒和启示。] N2 - This dissertation sets the historical background on the Second World War, the Economical Crisis in 1929 and Cold War, and discusses Fromm’s Social Critique Theory and studies Fromm’s thought on how to shape a sane people. - The whole text contains the five parts below. The preface concisely narrates the reasons of the proposed topic, the research status internally and abroad, the methods and innovations of the research, several basic concepts, and the main contents. Chapter one mainly describes the formation of Fromm’s Social Critique Theory, which divides into two sections. The first discusses the social situation of the human beings in twentieth century. The second describes Fromm’s lifetime, including his life experience and academic study.– Chapter two and the chapter three describes the main contents of Fromm’s Social Critique Theory.– Chapter two mainly discusses one sane people how to become a sick people, which divides into three sections. The first describes Fromm’s understanding of human nature; the second describes Fromm’s definition and essence of sane people; the third describes Fromm’s understanding on sick people and studies the reasons about the sick people, including: social filter, restriction of authority, the freedom of escaping and human’s alienation.– Chapter three describes Fromm’s blueprint on how to shape a free and sane people, which divides into two sections. The first mainly discusses the precondition of shaping a sane people that is the construction by oneself; the second mainly discusses mankind how attain freedom in order to become a sane people, which includes the reconstruction of the sane society, the realization of self and the attainment of love. The peroration briefly states the profound influence and the limits of Fromm’s Social Critique Theory, and its great enlightenment and warning to modern China. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xing, Shenshen T1 - The Exploration of Fromm’s Alienation Theory [弗洛姆的异化理论探析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2013. N2 - [异化理论是西方马克思主义对资本主义社会进行批判的一个鲜明的旗帜,许多西方马克思主义的学者都关注到了异化问题。法兰克福学派的弗洛姆把异化作为他对资本主义批判的核心内容,他并不满足于把异化作为单纯的哲学、社会学问题来探讨,他把异化的概念延伸到了心理学的领域,为我们开拓了一条崭新的思路。本文所关注的正是弗洛姆哲学理论中最重要的异化理论部分,在对弗洛姆的异化理论进行梳理和分析的基础上,结合现实对弗洛姆的异化理论从积极意义和内在矛盾两方面进行了评析,本文一共由三个部分组成:第一部分,对弗洛姆的理论来源进行了梳理,阐明了弗洛姆的理论来源自弗洛伊德与马克思,并分析了弗洛姆对二者理论的吸收与重新理解并转化为自身理论的这一过程。第二部分,通过对弗洛姆矛盾人性论的分析阐明了弗洛姆的人性观,对人性的理解是弗洛姆异化理论的出发点。明确了弗洛姆的人性观后,本文着重探讨了弗洛姆的异化理论,以及弗洛姆对资本主义晚期出现的社会总体性异化的批判以及扬弃异化的途径。第三部分,对弗洛姆的异化理论进行了简要评析。本着对弗洛姆异化思想理论进行梳理探究的思路,从其中找到其可以为我们所用的积极意义,以及其不符合社会现实的思想缺陷。] N2 - Theory of alienation in a distinctive flag of Western Marxist critique of capitalist society, and many Western Marxist scholars concerned about the problem of alienation. Frankfurt School of Lukács’ concept of alienation by the pure field of philosophy introduced into the field of social and political science. Also as a representative figure of the Frankfurt School, Fromm alienation as the core of his critique of capitalism, he was not satisfied alienation as a philosophical, sociological issues to explore his concept of alienation extends to the psychology the scope for us to explore a new idea. The most important concern in this article is also Fromm philosophical theory of alienation theoretical part, the article is mainly based on the Fromm’s theory of alienation to sort out the evaluation of the idea to expand, and the reality of Fromm’s theory of alienation s from the positive significance and inherent contradictions, this article is a total consists of three parts: The first part of the source of Fromm’s theory of the sort process, clarify Fromm’s theory derived from Freud and Marx, and Fromm absorption of both theory and a new understanding of and converted to the theory of this process. – The second part of the analysis of Fromm contradiction Human Nature clarify Fromm’s view of human nature, which is the root of Fromm’s theory of alienation. Clear Fromm’s view of human nature, this paper focuses on Fromm’s alienation theory of alienation, and Fromm critique of late capitalist society as a whole alienation. The end of this section illustrates the way of alienation Fromm sublation given.– The third part of Fromm’s theory of alienation brief assessment. Line with the ideas of Fromm’s alienation of ideological and theoretical sort out the inquiry, which found its positive significance, and does not meet the social reality of the idea of defects. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiong, Houmei T1 - An Analysis of Alienated Selves in >Tender Is the Night<: From Fromm’s Humanistic Psychoanalytic View [从弗洛姆人本主义精神分析的视角解读《夜色温柔》中异化的自我], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Central University for Nationalities, Beijing, China 2013. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 《夜色温柔》是菲茨杰拉德创作的第四部小说,创作了近十年的时间。这部小说中倾注了作者大量的心血,融入了作者对生活热切的期许和对社会的深刻洞察。作者采用了剖析社会弊病的新方法,以新奇的叙事结构,点到为止的讽喻,优美的笔触,使得作品寓意丰富,隽永深刻,是继《了不起的盖茨比》后又一部优秀的小说。十九世纪二十年代的美国,是物质至上,信仰衰落,传统价值崩溃的时代,人们乘着经济和技术的快车,在物质世界奔忙,越来越迷失自我,丧失了正确的方向。尼采关于上帝之死的宣言,达尔文>物竞天择,适者生存<的理论彻底颠覆了人们的信仰,经济的发展和技术的革新加速了社会的自动化、去人性化以及异化。拜金主义、享乐主义、物质主义和消费主义盛行,人们对成功、财富和名誉的追求几近于盲目崇拜。人们普遍遭遇焦灼感,无力感,孤独感和疏离感,自动地为匿名权威所控制,越来越多的人们被异化并迷失了自身。和菲茨杰拉德本人一样,文中的主人翁热衷于精神分析,同时或多或少倾向于社会主义变革,试图以新的方法解读和重构世界。二十世纪人本主义精神分析学家弗洛姆同时吸收了马克思主义学说和弗洛伊德的观点,形成其独特的人本主义精神分析体系,本文试图从弗洛姆人本主义精神分析的视角出发,通过文中对主要人物的分析,解读作品和作者意图。分析作品中主要人物在社会中被无形的权威所控制,在物质世界逐渐被异化,从而迷失自身,成为>机器人<的过程;分析解读他们被异化的原因,以及主人翁如何找回自我,重构自我的过程。 N2 - >Tender Is The Night< is Fitzgerald’s fourth novel written within almost ten years (1925 – 1934). In this novel the author tries to use new devices and new ways of thinking to express his great expectation and discernment towards life and society, infusing his deep insight into the exquisite lines. Profound and rich in meaning, >Tender Is The Night< is another great novel after >The Great Gatsby<. In the1920s in American society, on the express of technology and economy, people were obsessed in pursuing wealth. Traditional values lost their due importance when rampant materialism took the place of religion and became an idol in people’s life. Nietzsche’s declaration of death of God and Darwin’s theory of >survival of the fittest< crushed people’s beliefs. The development of technology and economy accelerated automatization of social machine and people were dehumanized and alienated gravely. Mamonism, hedonism, materialism and consumerism popularized among people and filled the moral vacuum before new values system was established. People’s craving for money, power and success increased almost to idolatry. More and more people automatically conform to the anonymous authority. They lost their true selves and suffered from alienation symptoms such as anxiety, aloneness, separateness and powerlessness. - Like Fitzgerald himself, the protagonist in >Tender Is The Night< has interest in psychoanalysis and socialistic reforms on society in order to interpret and reconstruct the world. Humanistic psychoanalyst Fromm incorporates Marxism and Freudian theory and forms his unique humanistic psychoanalytic theory on alienation, which reveals internal and external causes of alienation. The thesis intends to use Fromm’s points to interpret the author’s intention and tries to find out how the main characters in Tender Is The Night are alienated into >robots< in the materialized capitalist society and lose themselves under the control of anonymous authority. The thesis goes further to analyze the cause of their alienation and how the protagonist reconstructs his sense of identity and sense of worth. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Zheng T1 - A Study on Translation of the Words in Sanqu of the Yuan Dynasty from the Perspective of Philosophy [哲学视野下的元散曲词汇英译研究], Master thesis, Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 2013. N2 - 元散曲词汇记载着元代独特的社会生活风貌,反映了元代的时代精神。它兼有通俗诙谐与绮丽典雅的双面取向,正是这两种取向的紧密结合使得元散曲形成了别具一格、雅俗共赏的风格。作为跨文化交际的翻译活动,应该紧紧围绕元散曲的这种语言态势来展开。本文以许渊冲英译的《元曲三百首》为蓝本,比照国内外其他八位译者的元散曲翻译成果,选取38个元散曲词汇,依据其翻译中的难点,对其进行较为系统的归类与分析,并提出初步的翻译策略。在寻求解决元散曲词汇对翻译造成的困难的方案时,以三大哲学传统对翻译的启示,对元散曲进行了相关考察及批评,论文即因此分为三章。本文认为,翻译的过程实为意义的转换过程,是一个受诸多因素影响的、开放性的复杂过程。第一章结合伽达默尔的视域融合概念,对元散曲中的普通名词、文学意象以及俚语俗词的英译进行探讨,并进而指出,对于这种双语系统中能够对应上的词汇类别,译文的视域应该尽量向原文作者的初始视域靠近,实现理想的视域融合;第二章将解构主义对翻译的启示运用到模糊延异性词汇—叠词、隐喻修辞以及古今异义词的英译中,解构主义在翻译实践中的指导性受到怀疑,但是本文认为,对于上述三种极具模糊、延异性词汇的英译,运用解构主义倒是可以完成较好的阅读、理解和分析,我们鼓励译者发挥主观能动性与积极创造性,在译文中发出自己的、不同于作者的声音,从而实现译文与原文的>共生<。第三章则从弗洛姆的>社会过滤器<概念出发,追踪元散曲中的专有名词、译语空缺词汇及非等值词汇的英译,指出,对于在双语系统词汇意义转换中有冲突和矛盾的词汇,译者首先应该突破母语中所设置的>社会过滤器<对于自己的抑制,创造出原味十足的译文,如此译文,才有可能让读者也解除>社会过滤器<对自身的抑制,从而理解到独具汉民族风味的元散曲。笔者希望依据哲学的三大传统体现元散曲词汇的语言特点及差异,引发专家学者对于构建哲学视野中的元散曲词汇英译体系的关注。 N2 - The words in sanqu kept a good record of the unique social life in the Yuan Dynasty , and also reflected the spirit of the time. The words have humorous and refined attributes, and the combination of the two elements formed a peculiar and popular style of sanqu. As cross-cultural communication, the translation of sanqu should be implemented on the basis of the style. This paper regards the >300 Yuan Songs< translated by Xu Yuanzhong as the chief source, and compares it with other sanqu translation achieve-ments by eight translators domestic and overseas. 38 Yuan sanqu words are selected in the thesis, on the basis of the difficulty in translation, the thesis divides the words into systematic classifications and analyzes them one by one, lastly, the preliminary translation strategy is put forward in each section. In the process of solving difficult points in sanqu translation, the author is inspired by the three philosophical traditions, and accordingly, the thesis is divided into three chapters. - G252This thesis holds that translation is the process of the rendition of the meaning, which is influenced by many factors. Combining Gadamer’s concept about >fusion of horizons<, the first chapter discusses the translation of the common nouns, literary image and popular slangs, and then points out that, for the kind of words which have corresponding words in bilingual systems, the translator should try to make his horizon close to the author’s initial horizon, so as to realize the ideal fusion of horizons.– Inspired by the theory of the deconstruction, the author talks about the translation of fuzzy and different words in the second chapter. Fuzzy and different words are here reduplicated words, metaphor rhetoric, and ancient and modern homonyms. In general, the instructive role that deconstruction played in translation practice is suspected, but this thesis argues that, for the translation of the above three highly fuzzy and different words, the theory of deconstruction can help the translator render the words, the translator is encouraged to develop his full subjectivity and creativity, the voice different from the author’s voice should also be allowed in the translation, so as to realize the >symbiosis< between the translated text and the original text.– Developing from Fromm’s concept of >social filter<, the third chapter traces the translation of proper nouns, gap words in the target language and the nonequivalent words. It pointed out that, for the translation of the words which have some conflicts in bilingual systems, the translator should break through the >social filter< set by his native language, so as to finish the original translation. And only with this kind of translation, can the readers remove the >social filter< in the text, and then understand the racy sanqu. - The author hopes that, according to the three major traditions of the philosophy, the characteristics and differences of sanqu’s language can be reflected, and thus, make the experts and scholars aware of the construction of the translation of the words from sanqu in the Yuan dynasty from the perspective of philosophy. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yan, Can T1 - Alienation and Redemption of Human Nature of Seamstress in Mary Barton and Ruth [《玛丽•巴顿》和《露丝》中女裁缝的人性异化与救赎], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China 2013. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 伊丽莎白•盖斯凯尔夫人(1810-1865)是十九世纪中叶英国重要的现实主义小说家。她的作品题材广泛,思想深刻,引起了评论界的广泛关注。评论家们对她作品中所呈现的劳资矛盾、伦理道德、人道主义关怀尤为关注,却较少涉及人性异化问题。美国著名心理学家埃里希•弗洛姆提出了>人性异化说<。他认为异化是人的精神和心理的一种体验过程,即在资本主义社会政治和经济因素影响下,人的某种生理和心理需要会发生改变,使人性产生异化。同时弗洛姆希望用爱与宽容来消除人性异化,从而建立一个人道主义公有制社会。弗洛姆的这一学说为解读盖斯凯尔夫人在其小说中所体现的人性异化与救赎问题提供了理论基础和研究视角。借助弗洛姆的>人性异化<理论,本文旨在通过对盖斯凯尔夫人小说《玛丽•巴顿》与《露丝》中女裁缝玛丽•巴顿和露丝人性异化与救赎的分析,揭示出盖斯凯尔夫人对资本主义剥削制度与传统道德观念的批判与反思,进而呈现出她以爱与宽容为基点的人性关怀。第一章介绍了女裁缝人性的异化。面对十九世纪传统的父权制度所带来的压迫和束缚以及女裁缝个体化进程中所带来的孤独感和无能为力感,玛丽和露丝通过追求虚幻的爱情以及无奈地认可自己是罪恶的源泉的异化方式在社会中生存。第二章分析了女裁缝对人性异化的逃避。玛丽和露丝试图通过在家庭生活中努力扮演贤妻良母形象以及在工作中忘我的工作来逃避完全异化的生活状况,从而回归自我。第三章分析了女裁缝玛丽和露丝人性异化的救赎。玛丽勇敢地找寻真爱并建立了和谐的家园;露丝不惜付出生命照顾曾经遗弃她的人们,从而获得了人们的尊重以及全社会的赞颂。她们用大爱与宽容让她们重获新生。本文通过对女裁缝人性的异化与救赎的描写,表达了盖斯凯尔夫人在资本主义社会实施人道主义的美好愿望,同时契合了现代社会的和谐理论。 N2 - Elizabeth Gaskell(1810 – 1865)is an important realistic novelist in England during the mid-nineteenth century. Her works cover a wide range of subjects and profound thoughts, which attract the great attention from domestic and overseas critics, especially the issues like the contradiction of the capital and the labor, humanitarian care and ethical problem in her works. However, less attention has been paid to the problem of alienation of human nature. - The famous American psychologist Erich Fromm puts forward the theory of >alienation of human nature<. He thinks that alienation is the experiential process of human’s spirit and mentality. It means that human’s certain physiology and psychology start to change under the political and economic factors of capitalist society, then which lead to the alienation of human nature. While Fromm hopes that the alienation of human nature could be eliminated by love and tolerance, thus establishing a humanitarian public ownership society. Fromm’s >alienation of human nature< provides theoretical basis and prospective to study the alienation and redemption of human nature which embody in Gaskell’s novels Mary Barton and Ruth . With Fromm’s theory of alienation of human nature, the thesis pays attention to the analysis of the seamstresses Mary Barton and Ruth’s alienation and redemption of human nature in Mrs. Gaskell’s novels Mary Barton and Ruth. It explores Mrs. Gaskell’s reflection and critique towards the exploitation of capitalist system and traditional moral concept, and further reveals Gaskell’s view of humanism which base on love and tolerance. - Chapter one introduces alienation of seamstress’s human nature. Facing the oppression and bondage of the traditional patriarchal social system in nineteenth century and the feeling of loneliness and helplessness in the process of women’s individualization, Mary and Ruth take the alienated ways of pursuing fanciful love and accepting hopeless thought of being a sinful origin in people’s eyes to live.– The second chapter analyzes seamstresses Mary and Ruth escape from alienation of human nature. They try to escape the completely alienated life through acting as a good woman in the family and engaging them¬selves in work, thus they could return themselves to the society.– Chapter three examines the redemption of seamstress’s alienation of human nature. Mary Barton finds her true love bravely and builds up a harmonious home and Ruth gains the respect from the society for paying her life by taking care of the people who once abandoned her. The seamstresses regenerate themselves by the way of the love and tolerance.– The thesis expresses Mrs. Gaskell’s wish to put humanism into force in capitalist society and aligns well with the harmonious ideas of modern society through the elaboration of the alienation and redemption of human nature of seamstresses. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chang, Nan T1 - Fromm's Theory of Human Alienation [弗洛姆人性异化理论研究], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2013. N2 - 艾里克·弗洛姆(1890—1980)是当代美国著名的哲学家、社会学家和心理学家,他较早的把马克思主义与弗洛伊德的精神分析学说结合起来进行研究,因此被人们称为>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<的主要代表人物。他对资本主义从精神上压迫人的自由和人格现象进行了深入的研究和分析,提出了人性异化这一基本理论。弗洛姆的人性异化理论吸收了弗洛伊德的精神分析学说中关于人性的有关理论,并且借鉴了马克思对资本主义社会劳动异化现象的分析,对当今资本主义社会条件下人的生存矛盾、人性异化的原因及其表现、克服人性异化的途径做了较为深入的分析。与马克思的异化理论相比,弗洛姆的人性异化理论有很强的唯心主义倾向,并且克服人性异化的途径也是一种乌托邦式的空想,但是他对资本主义社会现状的批判和描述,以及对人性异化理论的深入分析。这一理论启示我们,在中国特色社会主义事业的建设过程中要深化对>以人为本<理念的认识、要注重个体的心理健康、要注重人与社会的和谐发展、要注重人与自然的和谐发展。 N2 - Erich Fromm (1890-1980) was a famous American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist who combined Marxism and Freudian psychoanalysis in his early research, which has been called the >Freudian Marxism<. He is the main representative figure. He conducted an in-depth study and analysis of the phenomena of freedom and personality that are spiritually oppressed by capitalism, and put forward the basic theory of the alienation of human nature. Fromm's theory of human alienation absorbed Freud's psychoanalytic theories about human nature and borrowed from Marx's analysis of the phenomenon of labor alienation in capitalist society, and made a more in-depth analysis of the contradictions of human existence in today's capitalist society, the causes and manifestations of human alienation and ways to overcome it. Compared with Marx's theory of alienation, Fromm's theory of human alienation has a strong tendency to idealism, and the way to overcome it is also a kind of utopian fantasy. This theory inspired us to deepen our understanding of the concept of >people-oriented<, to pay attention to the psychological health of individuals, to the harmonious development of man and society, and to the harmonious development of man and nature in the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Lin-na T1 - The Female Salvation in Hesse’s Novels of Early and Medium Stage [论黑塞早中期小说中的女性救赎], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 赫尔曼·黑塞(Hermann Hesse,1877-1962)是20世纪德国杰出的浪漫主义作家,被誉为>德国浪漫派的最后一位骑士<。黑塞深受浪漫主义影响,他将自己的小说称为>心灵传记<,在其创作中始终关注人与世界、与自身的关系,因此其小说全方位地展现了不同阶段的人与外界的矛盾以及因此产生的救赎渴望。本论文试图从黑塞的个人经历和思想入手,借助女性形象的分析,从自然之女、欲望的张扬、生活之母的伟大想象等三个层面上历时性地探讨黑塞小说中的女性救赎观念,并将其救赎道路的展开置于特定的时代背景和文学传统中,发掘其女性救赎背后独特的文化内涵及精神意义。论文主体分成四个部分,为四章。第一章主要从共时和历时两个角度,从黑塞的个人经历和文化传统两个方面入手,探究黑塞在个人与时代危机中的救赎意识的产生,并将作家置于文学传统中进行观照,指出其以女性为依托的救赎意识实际上来源于作家对浪漫主义文学传统即先代诗哲智慧的有益吸收。第二章以作家的早期作品《彼得·卡门青》为例,重点借用了生态女性主义和弗洛姆>爱的哲学<的某些观点,指出青年对心灵家园的困惑与追寻是其救赎的发轫,由此这一时期的女性典型地带有自然特性,正是在这个维度上,女性为男性指明了救赎之路,即爱的哲学。第三章以黑塞代表作之一的《荒原狼》为主要分析对象,是本文论述的重点和难点。本章以荣格的原型分析理论为架构,试图从原型角度论述小说中男性的分裂与冲突以及女性阿尼玛原型所具有的救赎意义,在此基础上揭示出黑塞这一时期的>幽默哲学<,其本质是一种苦难哲学和超越哲学。第四章着重探讨《纳尔齐斯与歌尔德蒙》中的女性救赎主题。首先借用尼采>成为你自己<的道德哲学来分析小说主人公歌尔德蒙的救赎之路的展开,即对真实自我的认识。在此过程中,女性扮演艺术和性爱女神,并在作家的塑造中成就了生活之母的伟大想象,第三节重点论述小说中体现的死亡哲学,即关于生与死、死与爱的关系。由此黑塞在技术与理性的时代氛围中,通过对感性之爱与死亡的吟唱,在一个审美的世界中表现了自身对个体救赎的内在探索。 N2 - Herman Hesse (1877 – 1962) was an outstanding German Romantic writer of the 20th century, known as >the last knight of German Romanticism<. Hesse was deeply influenced by Romanticism, he called his novels >spiritual biography<, he always focused on the relationship between man and the world and himself, therefore his novels comprehensively show the contradiction between man and the outside world at different stages and the desire for redemption that arises from it. This thesis attempts to discuss the concept of female redemption in Hesse's novels from the perspective of Hesse's personal experiences and thoughts, the analysis of female images, and the great imagination of the mother of life, etc. The thesis also places the development of Hesse's redemption path in the specific background of the times and literary traditions, so as to discover the unique cultural connotation and spiritual meaning behind female redemption. The main body of the paper is divided into four parts, consisting of four chapters. The first chapter focuses on the two aspects of Hesse's personal experiences and cultural traditions, from the perspectives of common time and epoch, to investigate the emergence of Hesse's redemption consciousness in the crisis of his personal and epochal times, and place the writer in the literary tradition for observation, pointing out that his redemption consciousness based on women actually originates from the writer's beneficial absorption of the Romantic literary tradition, i.e. the wisdom of the ancient poetic philosophy. The second chapter takes >Peter Camenzind<, one of the author's early works, as an example, and focuses on certain ideas borrowed from eco-feminism and Fromm's >philosophy of love<, pointing out that the young people's confusion and search for their spiritual home is the beginning of their salvation, and that women in this period typically have natural characteristics, and it is precisely in this dimension that women are the first to be redeemed by men. The path to redemption is indicated, i.e. the philosophy of love. The third chapter takes one of Hesse's masterpieces, >Der Steppenwolf<, as the main object of analysis, which is the focus and difficulty of this paper's discussion. Based on Jung's theory of archetypal analysis, this chapter attempts to discuss the male division and conflict in the novel as well as the redemption significance of the female Anima archetype from the perspective of archetypes, and reveals Hesse's >philosophy of humor< in this period, which is essentially a philosophy of suffering and transcendence. The fourth chapter focuses on the theme of female redemption in >Narziß und Goldmund<. First of all, we borrow Nietzsche's moral philosophy of >becoming yourself< to analyze the development of the salvation of the protagonist Goldmund, that is, the recognition of her true self. The third section focuses on the philosophy of death embodied in the novel, that is, the relationship between life and death, death and love. Hesse thus expresses his own inner search for individual salvation in an aesthetic world through the chanting of sensual love and death in the atmosphere of the age of technology and reason. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Yue T1 - On Fromm’s Human Existence Theory (弗洛姆关于人的生存方式理论研究], Doctoral dissertation, Overseas Marxism, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 2013. N2 - 埃里希·弗洛姆创立关于人的生存方式理论的目的是为了给当代人所处的生存困境寻找解决的方法。纵观弗洛姆的作品,其中的分析社会问题的最重要的切入点是工业化或过度市场化对人的生存处境和精神的扭曲。他继承并发展了马克思关于>人的全面而自由的发展<理论,全方位总结了处于资本社会中的人生存方式的特点,深刻的剖析和批判了当代资本主义社会给人带来的人性异化和人格病态。在弗洛姆看来,要想消除人性的异化,矫正病态的人格,唯有消除现有>重占有<的生活方式,代之以>重存在<的生活方式。弗洛伊德的精神分析理论、禅宗的>开悟<思想以及马克思的有关人道主义、异化劳动的论述对弗洛姆学说的形成有着直接的影响。萦绕于犹太人家庭出身的孤独心境、敏感于世界大战的多舛时代,弗洛姆借助马克思的相关论述形成对社会和时代的整体认知。他把马克思哲学解释为以人本主义贯穿始终的学说,认为这也是马克思思想价值和逻辑统一的原因之所在。马克思把生存价值是人类追求的终极目标,认为这是规定人类各种行动的终极原因,人类生命的本质就在于生存。弗洛姆继承马克思的生存论思想,进一步区分了>占有<(to have)和>存在<(to be)两种不同类型的人类生存方式。其中,重占有的生存方式是建立在私有财产、利润和强权这三大支柱之上的,而与之相对应的重存在的生存方式则是以主体独立、自由和批判理性为基础的,人的积极主动地生存状态,在这种状态中主体>体验到自己是自己活动的主体。<以重占有为主导生活方式的社会,其基本的经济特征是数量化和抽象化,人们在深层次上都缺乏任何满足感,其消费渴求完全与人的真实需要背离。政治领域当中的普选退化成盲目的偶像崇拜,人们的抉择很大程度上是受各种宣传和广告引导的。在此社会中,有形的、公开的权威转向无名的、不可见的、异化了的权威,利润、经济需要、市场、常识、舆论,>集体<所做、所想、所感受的一切替代了有形权威所发布的禁令。于是主体自身受制于各种无名权威,主体性丧失,求同感蔓延,新的道德要求人们必须学会放弃自我,成为群体的一部分,并且必须喜欢这种状态。在这样的背景之下,教育只注重使学生学习尽可能多的知识,却忽视学生自主思考的时间,而宗教则丧失了宗教本身固有的情感慰籍的作用,转而以劳动、财产、利润和强力为>神圣<的信条,其作为一种意识形态其目的仅仅在于防止人们没有纪律而威胁到社会制度。要从重占有的生存方式向中存在的生存方式转变,弗洛姆认为首先应该从经济领域中进行改革确立生产领域中的以人为本以及公有制社会主义原则,使工人用积极地参与生产所来的满足感来取代对金钱、名誉、地位和权利的追求;人们的消费也应该从真实的人性出发、遵从人道化的方式进行。政治领域的变革强调必须要确立人的主导地位,建立新型的参与性民主,用人道主义的管理来替代官僚主义的管理,禁止一切商业的和政治的意识形态,构建永久和平的世界。文化领域之教育的变革,要将其基本出发点确定为>人的成长<,即目标是促进人的自由、全面的发展,使学生由被动学习变为主动思考,同时将教育的对象将覆盖所有年龄段的人群,绵延于个体生命的始终。以生存为导向的宗教致力于使人能够有能力超越自我的狭隘性和根本的孤独感,它把对所有人的一致性及对生命与人性的忠诚视为最高信条,反对任何形式的偶像崇拜。要想使生存方式取得真正意义上的转变,弗洛姆提出不但要重视人的经济、政治、文化生活的改善,还要促进人的精神面貌的革新,使得人的本质真正得到实现,即进行新人和新社会、心理革命和全面的社会革命。这就需要注重社会性格的塑造,使其通过生产方式和导致社会分化的方式所构成的社会实践来影响社会的个体成员。当代中国正在深入推进现代化建设,一方面传统的生活方式不断地在遭到侵蚀,另一方面又面临着消费主义的威胁。如何在推进现代化的过程中实现与传统优良生活方式的衔接,同时有效规避消费主义的消极后果,弗洛姆重生存的生活方式理论对我们来说具有很好的借鉴价值和指导意义,它可以打断物质消费领域>更多>与<更好<之间的联系,使>更好<与>更少<结合在一起,从而引导人们在生产领域而不是在消费领域中获得满足,并使这种满足更多地落实在精神和文化领域。目前国家所推行的科学发展观强调>以人为本<,追求全面协调可持续的发展,这已经反映了人们对生活方式变革的某种自觉。当然,弗洛姆的理论应用于中国的当下,我们还应该对其限度保持一份清醒。 N2 - The focus of Erich Fromm’s theory is how to walk out of the survival dilemma and find solutions for the modern human being. All of his research throughout his whole life is for the survival dilemma and mentality issues. He inherited and developed Marx’s All-round Development of Humans Theory, summarized people’s living style in capitalist society, analyzed and criticized the modern capitalist society causes the alienation of human nature and morbid personality. From his perspective, the only solution is to shift the living style from >to have< to >to be<. Fromm’s theory is directly influenced by Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis, Zen’s Enlightens and Marx’s humanitarianism and Alienated Labor. The solitude because of the Jewish family background was haunted in Fromm’s head, and he was very sensitive to the tough time in World War. He was inspired by Marx’s correlated statement to form his recognitions of the society and times. From Fromm’s perspective, the philosophy of Marx all throughout was humanism, which was the exact value of Max’s thoughts and logics, and this was the reason of the consistence of the value of Marx’s thoughts and logic. The ultimate object being pursued pursuing by human being is the value of survival. This was the ultimate reason for which regulates the actions of the human being. The essence of the human life is survival. Fromm inherited the survival theory from Marx and distinguished two kinds of human existing forms – to have and to be. The survival form which emphasize on to have is built by three pillows, which is including the private property, profit and power, which the prerequisites of the survival form which emphasis on to be are independence freedom and critical reasoning. The character of this form is to actively survive and experiencing that the person himself is an active agent of survival. The economy of having-oriented society is featured by being quantitative and abstract. People are in need of lacking any satisfactions in depth, their consuming desire is alienate with their real needs. General election was degraded to blind worship in the political area. People’s choice was influenced by the propagating and advertising. In this society, tangible and open authority was turned to un-known invisible alienated authority. The invisible alienated authority includes profit, economic needs, market, common sense, public opinions, collective action, collective ways of thinking, and feelings of the community. All above stuff have replaced the decree of the visible authority. Active agent was enslaved to unknown authority, subjectivity was lost, convergence was spread, new moral demands people to learn how to lose himself to become part of the group, and forced people to like the situation. In this context, education forces students to acquire more knowledge, Religion was lost the function of emotional relief, and it facilitated labor, property, profit and power become the sacred belief. Instead of the consoling and caring, religions display a hardcore worship toward profits. As a consequence, religions constrain on people’s behavior and maintain the social hierarchies. In order to shift the living style from >to have< to >to be<, From the Fromm’s perspective, firstly, reform should be on economic area to set up principles of putting people first and socialist state-owned economy. This would enable the workers’ satisfactions generated from actively participate in working to replace their pursuing of money, reputation, social statue and power. People’s consumption consuming needs should base on human nature in a humanitarian way. Secondly, the reforms on political area emphasize on setting up the people’s predominant role and created the new model of participatory democracy, shifting the bureaucratic management humanitarian management and to create a peaceful world forever. The basic consideration of reforms in cultural area is to boost set up the people’s development. Therefore, its goal is to advance human free and all-around development, and help students transfer passive learning into active thinking, make the education available to people from different ages, which could cover the life time of human being. The survival oriented religion is to help people to surpass their narrow minds and loneliness. Their supreme belief is uniformity of all and their loyalty to life and human nature, this religion is against all kinds of idol warship. In order to transform the living style thoroughly, Fromm’s suggestion is not only for people’s economic, political and cultural improvement, but also the aspect of spiritual outlook, which could achieve people’s potential. This process is a social revolution of new life, new society and psychological change. Therefore, the social character needs reshaping, and make the production mode and social practice which may cause the social differentiation possible to influence the individuals. China is striving to modernization currently. On one hand, the traditional living style is destroyed; on the other hand, it was threatened by consumerism. Fromm’s theory on living style survival is inspiring, it explains how to connect achieving modernization and the traditional good living style, and meantime avoid the side effects of consumerism. What he advocates is more consumption with a stronger correlation with life. This theory facilitates people obtaining satisfactions on production area, and those satisfactions lie on spiritual and cultural area. The scientific outlook on development adopted by Chinese government emphasizes man as the noumenon, and pursuing all round, harmonious and sustainable development. This reflects people’s consciousness on the reform of living style. Of course, we should also be aware of the Fromm’s theory’s interpretation on the current Chinese society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Almonte Lanfranco, Elvin Raphael T1 - El ser frente al tener en la filosofía de Erich Fromm, Thesis (Licenciatura en Filosofia), Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo (PUCMM) 2013, 93 pp. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kong, Fang T1 - Alienation and Remedy: The Sense of Worry in London Fields [异化与拯救:《伦敦场地》中的忧患意识], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [马丁•艾米斯通常和他的父亲金斯利•艾米斯—>愤怒的青年<的著名代表人,联系到一起,但是事实上,马丁•艾米斯的写作风格和他的父亲是完全不同的。从他的第一部作品开始,他就一直努力摆脱父亲的影响。现在因为他后现代的实验主义和大胆的主题描写,他已经成为一名杰出的英国作家。《伦敦场地》发表于1989年,和《钱:自杀的绝命书》(1984)以及《信息》(1995)一起构成了马丁•艾米斯的一个三部曲,这三部作品让马丁•艾米斯跻身于当代英国文坛很有分量的一位作家。国内外对《伦敦场地》的评论主要集中于其叙述技巧,有些评论也提到了作品的主题,例如核恐惧,爱的死亡,和情感。通过文本细读和艾里希•弗洛姆的异化理论,本篇论文的作者发现了小说《伦敦场地》的一个新的主题—异化。《伦敦场地》中异化划分为四种,即人与自然关系的异化,人与社会关系的异化,人与人关系的异化,和人与自我关系的异化。人与自然关系的异化主要表现为环境污染和气候异常。小说中大众文化的异化,消费的异化和科技的异化则证明了人与社会关系的异化。人与人关系的异化指的是陌生人之间、朋友之间和家人之间的异化。小说中的主人公基思•泰伦特,盖伊•克林奇,妮科拉•西克斯和萨姆•扬展示了人与自我关系的异化。最后,论文作者还找到小说中表达的拯救异化的方法,即通过爱的艺术回归世界。异化和拯救异化的主题清晰地展现了小说的作者马丁•艾米斯对当今资本主义社会强烈的忧患意识,也证明了马丁•艾米斯是一位非常严肃的人文主义作家+G209。] N2 - Martin Amis is usually associated with his father, a well-known representative of the >Angry Young Man<, Kingsley Amis, but actually his writing style is totally different from his father. He strives to get rid of the shadow of his father from his first work. He has now become a distinguished British writer for his postmodern experimentalism and bold themes in his works. Published in 1989, London Fields, together with Money: A Suicide Note (1984) and The Information (1995) is an informal trilogy of Martin Amis, which contributes to having laid his profound position in the contemporary British literary field. London Fields is reviewed by the overseas and domestic critics mainly on its narrative techniques and some discuss about the themes such as nuclear fear, the death of love, and emotions. - The theme of alienation is first found out in the novel London Fields by the author of the thesis through the close reading of the text based on Erich Fromm’s theory of alienation. The alienation in London Fields is classified into four kinds: alienation in the relationship between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. The alienation in the relationship between man and nature is manifested in the environmental pollution and the abnormal climate. The alienation in mass media, consumption and technology in the novel proves the alienation in the relationship between man and society. In the relationship between man and man, strangers, friends and even family members are alienated from each other. As for the alienation in the relationship between man and himself, the protagonists Keith Talent, Guy Clinch, Nicola Six and Samson Young demonstrate this point clearly. At last, this paper finds out the approaches of remedy for alienation conveyed in the novel, namely, the art of loving and returning to the world. The theme of alienation and the remedy for alienation clearly reveal the novelist’s strong sense of worry of the modern capitalist society, proving that Martin Amis is a very serious humanistic novelist. Y1 - 2013 ER -