TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - (Individual and Social Origins of Neurosis, Farsi), private translation, Stockholm 2003, 5 pp. Y1 - 1944 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghanbarali Baghni, Zahra A1 - Ojaq Alizadeh, Shaheen T1 - Psychological Mechanisms to Escape from the Negative Aspects of Freedom in Simin Behbahani’s Poems from Erich Fromm’s Perspective (Farsi) [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Literary Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1 (2021), pp. 111-130. [Online ISSN 2783-1027] [jls.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1913-en.pdf] N2 - Authoritarianism is the psychological mechanism of man to escape from the negative aspects of freedom in the society. Fromm believes that man surrenders to a superior power to escape the suffering of decision-making. Consequently, through authoritarianism man suffers from three opposing feelings: either one surrenders with a sense of powerlessness to a superior power (masochism), or one has arrogance and a sense of domination over others (sadism), and sometimes one communicates with the society through a masochistic-sadistic coexistence which leads to the loss of individual freedom and independence. In Behbahani’s poems, these mechanisms are manifested in the community around Simin with two approaches of submission and domination in their mild forms. Using an analytical-descriptive method, this paper examines the psychological mechanisms for escaping from the negative aspects of freedom in Behbahani’s poems from Eric Fromm’s perspective. The findings show that in Simin Behbahani’s poems – as Fromm asserts – she surrenders to a powerful whole that is sometimes the sacred love and sometimes destiny (fatalism) and sometimes the earthly love of Simin whom she cannot resist. Furthermore, occasionally in her poems, Simin goes so far as to dominate her beloved by asking God to be able to inflict endless psychological suffering on him through absolute domination. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malkaf, Aladdin T1 - The Theory of the Perfect Human Being from the Perspective of Morteza Motahari and Erich Fromm (Farsi) JF - Danesh Pazhoohan – A Scientific Student Journal, Vol. 11, No. 28 (Spring 2013), pp. 111-125. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghanbarali Baghni, Zahra A1 - Ojaghalizadeh, Shahin T1 - Excellence of Human Character in the Poems of Simin Behbahani Based on the Theory of Erich Fromm [تعالي شخصیت انسان در اشعار سیمین بهبهاني بر پایة نظریة اریک فروم [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Matn/Pizhūhī-i Adabī [Literary Text Research] (Allameh Tabataba'i University Press, Iran), Vol. 26, No. 91 (2022), pp. 235-261. [Online ISSN 2476-6186] [doi.org/10.22054/ltr.2020.43310.2719] N2 - Human beings today, due to the growth of industry and technology, have departed from ethical standards and values, so they need to do everything in their power to promote this vitality. Erich Fromm does not consider psychology to be separate from ethics, so he views human nature and personality in life as a combination of non-fertile orientations, including recipient, exploitative, market-oriented, and fertile and spontaneous. He extensively values human dignity because he believes in the principle of humanity in the life of humanism. Man has a high place in Behbahani's poetry because he believes in the existence of the Necessary Being and believes in it as a source of power beyond man. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the orientations of personality (fertile and non-fertile) in the psycho-sociological approach of Erich Fromm in Simin Behbahani's poems in order to understand his personality and thoughts more and more. The research method in this study is analytical-descriptive. Behbahani and Fromm consider man's place in existence, his evolution, prosperity, and achievement of goodness and transcendence, but the obvious difference between them is the man-centered forum and religion-centered behavior. N2 - انسان در عصر حاضر به دليل رشد صنعت و تکنولوژي از معيارها و ارز هاي اخلاقي فاصله گرفته است، بنابراین، براي تعالي نياز دارد از هر آنچه ميتواند به تاویت این مهم یاري رساند، بهره بگيرد. اریک فروم روانشناسي را جدا از اصول اخلاقي نميداند؛ از این رو، منش و شخصيت انسان در زندگي را ترکيبي از جهتگيريهاي غيربارور که شامل گيرنده، استثماري، بازاري و مالاندوز و جهتگيري بارور و خودانگيخته ميداند. وي به گونهاي افراطي به ارز و ماام انسان ارج مينهد، زیرا تحت تفکر اومانيسم به اصالت و محوریت انسان در زندگي معتاد است. انسان در اشعار بهبهاني جایگاه والایي دارد، زیرا وي به وجود واجبالوجود ایمان داشته و به آن به عنوان مرجع قدرتي فراتر از انسان معتاد است. هدف از این جستار تحليل جهتگيريهاي شخصيت )بارور و غيربارور( در رویکرد روانشناختي- جامعهشناختي اریک فروم در اشعار سيمين بهبهاني براي شناخت هرچه بيشتر شخصيت و افکار اوست. رو تحايق در این پژوهش تحليلي- توصيفي است. بهبهاني و فروم جایگاه انسان در هستي، تکامل، سعادت و رسيدن او به خير و تعالي را در نظر دارند، اما تفاوت بارز ميان آنها انسانمحوربودن فروم و دینمحور بودن بهبهاني است. Y1 - 2022 ER -