TY - JOUR A1 - Zudeick, Peter T1 - Beinahe wie Moskau oder das alte Spanien – Ernst Bloch und Heidelberg JF - Markus Bitterolf, Oliver Schlaudt und Stefan Schöbel (Eds.): Intellektuelle in Heidelberg 1910-1933. Ein Lesebuch, Heidelberg (Edition Schöbel), 2014, pp. 71-78. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zou, Juan T1 - A Humanistic Exploration of Urban Violence in Margaret Drabble’s the Radiant Way and A Natural Curiosity 玛格丽特•德拉布尔《金光大道》和《天生好奇》中都市暴力的人文主义推求], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2014. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 玛格丽特•德拉布尔(1939-)是二战后英国文坛颇负盛誉的女作家之一。她的三部曲《金光大道》、《天生好奇》和《象牙门》自1989年发表以来,备受评论界关注。以暴力为代表的都市哥特元素成为这三部作品的一个核心特点。尽管近年来国内外研究德拉布尔的学者日渐增多,却鲜少有评论家对《金光大道》和《天生好奇》这两部作品中的都市暴力问题展开系统性研究。本论文选取埃里希•弗洛姆在《逃避自由》和《爱的艺术》中所阐释的人文主义哲学为支撑,试析德拉布尔两部作品中以都市暴力为核心的哥特元素,旨在为探弋作品中所蕴藉的人性深度,并为其道德维度提供新的研究视角。埃里希•弗洛姆的人文主义哲学囊括了对于异化、自由和爱的探讨,它掘入人的情感内里,将极权主义、破坏性和机械趋同等消极自由所导致的牵绊展露得纤悉无遗。相反,积极自由意味着通过爱和生产性劳作而与世界自发产生联系,保持人格的整一性。虐待与受虐消解主体;成熟的爱却带来自我的救赎与合一。论文引言追述了德拉布尔两部小说发表以来批评家的观点,提出来进一步探索的空间和可能性,并阐述了弗洛姆哲学思想的要点和论文的框架结构。结语部分总结了论文的基本观点。论文主体分为两章。第一章是>《金光大道》中都市暴力的引发与扩散<,探讨了家庭环境中的性格偏差如何刺激暴力倾向以及社会大环境对异常行为的传播而导致的都市暴力,目的是为了逃避异化,寻得自由。从微观上看,小说中连环杀手保尔的犯罪行为可以追溯至其母亲的虐待癖。从宏观上说,社会也是始作俑者,因为在20世纪80年代的英国,撒切尔政府推行个人主义和商业自由化,加剧了社会异化。同时,以电视为主导的大众媒体所起的刺激和传播作用都使得社会弊病以都市暴力的形式交相呈现。第二章是>《天生好奇》中都市暴力的对抗与救赎<,挖掘了三位女性主人公通过成熟的爱和生产性工作寻找自我和拯救暴力的努力。尽管莉茨和艾利克斯直面了美杜莎的哥特形象,她们却没有被石化,反而重新认识自我,颠覆了传统的神话原型。通过其对连环杀手保尔无私的爱和慷慨帮助,艾利克斯成功平抚了暴力所留下的创伤。另外,三位女主人公之间的深厚友谊为她们重塑自我和追寻积极自由铺就了道路。论文借助弗洛姆的人本主义思想探究了德拉布尔两部作品中的暴力主题和哥特元素。小说中所彰显的城市暴力从微观层面可以归结为人性中的虐待癖和受虐性,从宏观层面来看,则肇始于由外部社会政治因素所滋养和传播的普遍异化现象。诚然,玛格丽特•德拉布尔将笔锋转向人文主义,字里行间涵射出成熟的爱是拯救都市暴力与实现积极自由的有效方式。 N2 - Margaret Drabble (1939 – ) is regarded as one of the most important postwar British women writers. Her trilogy >The Radiant Way< , >A Natural Curiosity< , >The Gates of Ivory< , published since 1989, have been frequented by literary critics with multiple views since their inception. One core characteristic of the trilogy is its Gothic elements featured by urban violence. Admittedly, the Drabble scholarship has expanded with growing momentum both home and abroad. However, they have not touched upon the issue of urban violence in either The Radiant Way or A Natural Curiosity with systematic research. - By vehicle of Erich Fromm’s humanistic philosophy crystallized in his Escape from Freedom and The Art of Loving, a tentative analysis of these two novels’ urban Gothic elements is carried out in this thesis, thus presenting a new dimension to the interpretation of the depth of human nature and morality veiled in >The Radiant Way< and >A Natural Curiosity<. - Erich Fromm’s humanistic philosophy of alienation, freedom and love penetrates into the profundity of human character and thoroughly elucidates various thwarting impacts of negative freedom wrought by authoritarianism, destructiveness and automaton conformity. On the contrary, positive freedom equates with the spontaneous activity of the integrated personality in relation to the world through love and productive work. In truth, sadistic or masochistic strivings result in the disintegration of the subject, while mature love brings forth redemption and reunion of the self. The introduction gives a succinct review of the critical history related to Drabble’s two works, puts forward the possibility for further study, and elucidates Erich Fromm’s philosophy and argumentative structure of the whole thesis. The conclusion makes a brief summary of the arguments. The main body of the thesis is composed of two chapters. - Chapter 1 >The Instigation and Diffusion of Urban Violence in ‘The Radiant Way’< discusses how the familial infusion of deviancy and the social dissemination of abnormality have contributed to the urban vi¬olence as a means of escaping from alienation for the sake of freedom. On the microscopic level, it is the maternal sadism that caused the serial killer Paul’s criminal deeds. On the macroscopic level, it turns out that the society hould also be held accountable. Individualism and privatization preached by the Thatcher Government in the 1980s aggravates social alienation. Coupled with the instigating and propagating role of mass media typified by television, social malaise keeps cropping up in the form of urban violence. - Chapter 2 >The Confrontation and Salvation of Urban Violence in ‘A Natural Curiosity’< explores the three female protagonists’ endeavor of rediscovering themselves and salvage violence through mature love and productive work. Although Liz and Alix have confronted the Gothic image of Medusa, they are not petrified and they have reaffirmed their selfhood, thus, subverting the traditional myth. Through her unconditional love and generous help for the serial killer Paul, Alix has managed to salvage violence. In addition, the sisterhood among the three female protagonists paves the way for reintegration of self and realization of positive freedom. In summary, this thesis conducts a research into the urban Gothic elements featured by violence in Drabble’s two novels on strength of Fromm’s humanistic philosophy. - The conclusion can be drawn that urban violence on a micro level could be attributed to the innate human nature of sadism and masochism; while on a macro level, it is catalyzed and cemented by external social and political forces that breeds and disseminates alienation. Margaret Drabble has wielded her pen in the direction of humanism, implying that the moral way to salvage urban violence and attain positive freedom is through mature love. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmer, Manfred T1 - Erich Fromm in China. Überblick über die Rezeption seines Denkens JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 18 / 2014, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 159-169. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d18/2014z5 Y1 - 2014 VL - d18/2014z5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmer, Manfred T1 - Chinese Scholarly Literature about Erich Fromm (1961-2013) Authors A - R JF - http://www.erich-fromm-online.de/images/stories/pdf/Zimmer_M_2014b_A-R.pdf Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmer, Manfred T1 - Chinese Scholarly Literature about Erich Fromm (1961-2013) Authors S - Z JF - http://www.erich-fromm-online.de/images/stories/pdf/Zimmer_M_2014b_S-Z.pdf Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziege, Eva-Maria A1 - Kotowski, Elke-Vera T1 - Erich Fromm und die Entwicklung der Psychoanalyse in Mexiko JF - Das Kulturerbe deutschsprachiger Juden: Eine Spurensuche in den Ursprungs-, Transit- und Emigrationsländern (Europäisch-Jüdische Studien Beiträge, Bd. 9), Berlin et al. (De Gruyter Oldenburg) 2014, pp. 263-269. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Yu A1 - Lai, Xionglin T1 - The Experience and Struggle of Loneliness — A Probe into Fromm's Theory of Loneliness [孤独的体验与挣扎——弗洛姆的孤独理论探微] JF - Seeker [求索], No. 7 (2014), pp. 63-68. N2 - 弗洛姆认为自由与孤独、生与死、潜能的实现与生命的有限性之间的矛盾是孤独产生的原因,因此,孤独是基于人本性之上的哲学范畴。传统社会中孤独意识处于被遮蔽的状态,随着宗教改革和文艺复兴的兴起,现代社会人的孤独意识被激发,而孤独是人不能忍受之痛,现代人开始了放弃自由、逃避孤独之旅。孤独成了自由不能摆脱的阴影和噩梦。实际上,孤独是自由的必经阶段,真正的自由是对孤独的超越和扬弃。 N2 - According to Fromm, the contradiction between freedom and solitude, life and death, the realization of potential and the finiteness of life is the cause of loneliness, therefore, loneliness is a philosophical category based on human nature. With the rise of the Reformation and Renaissance, the sense of loneliness in modern society has been stimulated, and loneliness is an unbearable pain. Loneliness has become the shadow of freedom and nightmare cannot get rid of. In fact, loneliness is a necessary stage of freedom, the real freedom is the transcendence and abandonment of loneliness. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Zhicheng T1 - An Analysis of the Beats in >On the Road< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Freedom Theory in >Escape from Freedom< [《在路上》垮掉分子的逃避自由机制分析 — 从弗罗姆自由理论视角] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Jimei University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) [集美大学学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 2 (2014), pp. 103-107. N2 - 许多研究者认为,小说《在路上》的垮掉分子们几近疯狂的生活体现了他们对精神自由的追求。然而,从弗罗姆自由理论视角来看,垮掉分子们在面对现代自由的时候都选择了逃避。为了逃避现代自由给个人带来的无能为力感,他们诉诸于爵士乐、酒精和性,试图以此狂欢方式来实现对自己的破坏欲。但是,这种方式未能使人真正克服孤独、焦虑状态。相反,狂欢消耗着他们的精力和体力,并将最终导致他们走向死亡。 N2 - Many researchers of >On the Road< tend to hold that the nearly crazy life of the beats in the novel embodies their pursuit of spiritual freedom. However, from the perspective of Erich Fromm’s theory on freedom, it is discovered that the beats, intending to escape the feeling of insignificance and insecurity brought about by modern freedom, resort to destructiveness through carnival actualized by their indulgence in jazz, alcohol and sex. It is also found that carnival fails to free the beats from the feeling of isolation and insignificance. Instead, carnival consumes all their energy and may ultimately lead to their death. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Yingqi T1 - Alienation in Raymond Carver’s Short Fictions [雷蒙德•卡佛短篇小说中的异化], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2014. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 雷蒙德•卡佛是美国现代短篇小说家,其写作风格继承海明威的简洁,又更进一步发扬语言简短精悍、少描写多省略的特色,被许多文学批评者称为>美国极简主义小说之父<。卡佛笔下的许多人物和他自己一样,寡言少语、独来独往、家庭不和、失业酗酒。这类人物的命运往往反映了一个相似的主题,而批评家们多着眼于卡佛独特的叙事风格而忽略了这些短篇作品的共同主题,尤其是异化这个主题,值得进一步的深入挖掘和研究。无论是在文学层面还是在哲学层面,异化都不是一个新概念。这个概念在不同时代不同国家经不同人阐释获得了不同的含义。本文主要借助埃里希•弗罗姆对马克思异化理论的阐释和延伸,试图说明异化是雷蒙德•卡佛许多短篇小说中的一个共同主题。本文主要选取了六个短篇小说文本进行分析,这些文本比较能体现异化这个主题,并且能分别体现三种异化的形式:《小心》和《保鲜》体现了人与自我存在之间关系的异化,异化了的人被人类创造出来的东西所束缚,失去了>人性<,被物化成了没有自我意识的物体;《盒子》和《你在旧金山做什么?》体现了人与社区/团体之间关系的异化,颠沛流离的生活成了个人与群体疏远的客观和表面原因,然而真正导致人与人之间关系异化的是利己主义价值观影响下,人与人之间人性化的自然交往被目的性取代,金钱、工作反过来支配了人,扭曲了人的意识和人际关系;以及《车厢》和《小屋》中体现出的人的异化与外在环境之间的联系,异化了的人通常并没有意识到这种异化的状态,常常试图以脱离熟悉的环境寻求解脱的方式来解决生活中碰到的问题,然而却因为某件事在某个瞬间顿悟,对短暂逃离的希望破灭,只能又继续回到机械的生活当中去。 N2 - Raymond Clevie Carver Jr. (May 25, 1938 – August 2,1988) is a major writer of the late 20th century and part of the major force in the revitalization of the American short fiction in the1980s. Being noted as the most influential American short storywriter after Hemingway by some critics, Carver has a distinctive writing style characterized by terse language, great usage of short simple sentences, dialogue and a large amount of ellipsis and omission. Many characters in his short stories, like himself, suffered from unhappy marriage, - nemployment and alcoholism. Lives of these characters tend to reflect a similar theme >Alienation<. While most critics paid great attention to Carver’s unique narration, few have noticed the common theme of these stories. Alienation is not a new concept either in literature or in philosophy. It has different implications at different times and under different interpretations. - This thesis attempts to prove that alienation is an important theme in many short stories written by Carver, with Erich Fromm’s interpretation and extension of Marx’s alienation theory as the theoretical background. The author of this thesis chose six stories written by Carver for analysis. These stories reflected alienation theme and represent three different patterns of alienation. >Careful< and >Preservation< reflected people’s alienation from themselves and their existences; >Boxes< and >What do you do in San Francisco?< reflected man’s alienation from others;>The Compartment< and >The Cabin< reflected the connection between men and the external environment around them. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Ping T1 - Fromm’s Care Ethics and Its Implications for Moral Education in Colleges [弗洛姆关爱伦理思想及其对高校德育工作的启示] JF - Journal of Hunan University of Science and Engineering [湖南科技学院学报], No. 12 (2014), pp. 80-82. N2 - 21世纪人类面临的最大挑战是来自道德伦理和价值观的挑战,我国高校德育工作一直常抓不懈,但效果不尽如人意。文章力图将弗洛姆关爱伦理思想与我国高校德育工作结合起来,从提高学生人文素养、营造校园关爱氛围和培养学生健全人格方面提出一些意见与建议。 N2 - Greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century is a challenge from the ethical and moral values, moral education in China has been unremittingly college, but the effect is not satisfactory. Fromm article trying to care ethics and moral education in Chinese universities combine to make some comments and suggestions to improve students from the humanities, to create atmosphere and caring campus students healthy personality aspects. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Dan A1 - Wang, Ying T1 - >The Grass Is Singing< – Interpretation Using Fromm’s Theory of Human Alienation [从弗洛姆的人性异化论来解读《野草在歌唱》] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Education for Chinese After-School (Theory) [中国校外教育], No. 12 (2014), p. 20. N2 - 从弗洛姆的人性异化论角度出发解读多丽丝•莱辛的处女作《野草在歌唱》。着重从人与自己关系的异化,人与他人关系的异化两个方面来说明《野草在歌唱》中的人性异化问题 N2 - [automatic translation] Alienation of humanity from the perspective of Fromm's interpretation of Doris Lessing 's debut >The Grass Is Singing< . Emphasis from the alienation of man and his relationship alienation between man and others to illustrate the relationship between the two aspects of >The Grass Is Singing< in the human alienation. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zheng, Xiaolu T1 - A Comparative Study of Self-conception in Psychanalysis and the Buddhism [精神分析与佛学自我观的比较研究], Master thesis, Religious Studies, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 2014. N2 - 佛学发源于古老的印度社会,而精神分析则在现代性的背景下产生,两者共通之处首先在于认识自己的心灵并将这种认识付诸实践。现代性造成的传统价值崩溃,使个人不断地感到某种缺失,也引发了现代社会各种各样的精神问题。以1957年在墨西哥的座谈会为标志,国际心理学界开始愈发重视对禅宗和佛学的研究讨论,弗洛姆、霍尼等新精神分析学派试图在佛学中寻找对解决现代人心灵问题具有启发意义的观念和实践方法,两种传统在此处开始交汇。本文选取了佛学传统中三个较有代表性学派与精神分析学中对深层心识有独到见解的三个学派,比较其自我观的框架与核心概念,进行初步的交流和沟通。以弗洛伊德为代表的精神分析学派首先提出潜意识的概念,认为能意识到的那部分自我是不完整的。经典精神分析的自我观可以从人格地形结构中得到说明,本我要求本能冲动的满足,超我代表着社会的道德律令,而自我就努力在其中起调解作用。与社会习俗观念不相符的潜意识内容往往被压抑,精神分析的目标就在于解除抑制作用,释放潜意识的能量。禅学的真实自我是>自性<,自性是宇宙本体,万物之源,修行的目标就在于明心见性。顿悟和抑制解除的类似之处在于,抑制的解除释放潜意识中固着的能量,将潜意识纳入意识的范围,而顿悟打破原先的自我界限,两者都是无明转明的过程。荣格开创的分析心理学的自我框架将人格分为意识、个人潜意识、集体潜意识三个部分。他首先提出集体潜意识的概念。集体潜意识不是由被压抑和遗忘的个人经验构成,而是具有遗传性的,超越个体的心理基础。集体潜意识的内容主要是对应于人生各种典型情境的原型。分析心理学的目标是>个体化<,让人格围绕>自性<这个新的中心重新建立。唯识学认为万法唯识,一切心理物理现象的根源都在阿赖耶识之中,是八识自体变现的结果。阿赖耶识与集体潜意识的概念有很多相近之处,种子和原型同在说明有一种超越个性的心理基础,普遍存在于所有人身上,引发相似的行为方式。以拉康为中心的后结构主义精神分析,提出>镜像理论<,认为自我是建立在一种虚假的统一性之上。拉康用三界理论来说明主体的结构,想象界,象征界和实在界。精神分析的目标不仅是消除症状更在于发掘并承担主体的真相。而中观学则指出,原始佛教所说的无我是真我非有假我非无的辩证统一,缘起故无我,缘起故性空而假有,因此真我、假我都是假名而已。拉康的镜像理论可以与中观学的假我相比较。色受想行识五蕴和合而成的我,并没有真实恒定的体性。而主体在镜像中试图抓住的那个破碎、无力的自我,在象征界中经过父法的认同而永远被划上斜线的自我,也是在他者的欲望中建构的,虚幻不实的主体。精神分析与佛学通过不断地相互学习交流,在当代实践中已经产生了一定程度的互补作用。佛学给精神分析提供了对于心灵的深刻洞察和更为宽广的视域,也给精神分析提供了一种价值观念。现代社会那种不断消费、占有和扩张的自我是空虚无力的,只有寻求本真的自我才能带来精神的解脱与自由。而精神分析则在有我的层面对佛学进行补充。在进行深层的禅修之前,首先需要处理好早期的心理创伤和建立一种健全合理的生活、和谐的人际关系,否则禅修反而会成为一种自我防御的方式。精神分析的科学态度和不断质疑的思考也将佛学的思想从古代社会建制所形成的权力结构中解放出来,更好地为今人服务。现代性语境下形成的自我是漂浮无根,自我膨胀而又虚弱无力的,它的典型症状包括伦理道德责任的缺失、精神的疏离感和焦虑感等等,而现代西方社会的消费文化又助长了这种趋向。对比精神分析与佛学自我观的过程中,我们看到将生命之树重新扎根的一种可能性,寻求本真的自我,而不是外在符号中虚假的自我,才能获得对生命的真实理解和更深层次的幸 N2 - Buddhism originated in ancient Indian society, and psychoanalysis derived from modern western world. There is a resemblance between the two lines, which is knowing yourself and putting this knowledge into practice. Because of the collapse of traditional values caused by Modernity, people constantly feel a certain loss, and a variety of mental problems have occurred in modern society. The forum in Mexico held in1957is a sign that the world of psychology has developed a great interest in Zen Buddhism. Karen Horney, Erich Fromm and other psychologists from Neopsychoanalytic Schools tried to find inspiring ideas and practices in Buddhism to solve the mental problems of people. And these two traditions finally came to an intersection. - In this paper, we select three representative schools of Buddhism and three psychoanalytic schools which had deep insights in subconsciousness, and we will compare the theoretical frameworks and core views of self-conception in order to establish a preliminary comprehension and communication between Buddhism and Psychoanalysis. - Classic psychoanalysis, represented by Freud, first states the concept of the subconscious. They think that the conscious part of human mind is incomplete. Freud’s self-conception can be depicted in his terrain structure of personality. Id requires satisfaction of the instinctive impulse, Superego represents moral imperative, while Ego makes great efforts to mediate. Subconscious contents inconsistent with social customs are often repressed. The goal of psychoanalysis is disinhibition and releasing the energy in subconsciousness. To Zen Buddhism, the true self is the noumen that is the source of all things, and spiritual practice aims at finding one’s true self. A sudden enlightenment and disinhibition are similar. Disinhibition releases the fixed energy in subconsciousness, making subconscious ideas clear to the mind, and a sudden enlightenment breaks the boundaries of the ego. They both gain insights into subconsciousness, but at different levels. - Jung’s analytical psychology divides personality into three parts, consciousness, personal subconsciousness and collective subconsciousness. He brings up the concept of the collective subconsciousness, which is not composed of repressed and forgotten personal experience. It is based on inherited psychological contents beyond individual experience. The contents of collective subconsiousness are all kinds of prototypes corresponding to typical situations of life. The goal of analytical psychology is individualization, in the process of which, the personality re-establishes around a new center, Self. Vijbanavada considers that everything derives from the heart, whose transformation causes various kinds of psychological or physical phenomena. The concept of Alaya-vijnana and collective subconsciousness are very much alike. The seeds and prototypes indicate that a hereditary psychological basis exists in all human minds, which causes similar behaviors under specific situation. - Poststructuralist psychoanalysis, represented by Lacan, proposes >mirror theory<. They consider that the self is built on a false basis of unity. Lacan uses three realms theory which includes the imaginary, the symbolic and the real to illustrate the structure of the Subject. The goal of Psychoanalysis is not only to eliminate the symptoms but also to discover and bear the truth of the Subject. Madhyamaka points out that anataman means a dialectical unity of the real self and the false self. According to the theory of dependent origination, there is no invariable self, and the phenomenal world exists only in Conventional Truth. The real self and the false self are only pseudonyms. Lacan’s mirror theory can be compared with the conception of false self. The false self consists of substance, feeling, thinking, intention and consciousness. It doesn’t have real noumenon. And in the mirror theory, the Subject tries to grab the broken, weak self, which identifies with the Father’s Law. At the same time, a diagonal has been drawn on the self forever. The self is constructed in Other’s desire and therefore is unreal. Through continuous learning and communication with each other, Psychoanalysis and Buddhism have developed a certain degree of complementation. - Buddhism provides a deeper and wider insight into human mind and a set of values. The self busy consuming, possessing and expanding in modern society is empty and weak, only seeking the true self can bring us relief and freedom. Psychoanalysis supplies complement to Buddhism at the level of conventional reality. Before deep meditation, people need to deal with the psychological trauma formed in earlier stage of life and establish a reasonable way of life and a harmonious interpersonal relationship, otherwise meditation can be a new way of self-defensive. The scientific attitude and critical thinking in psychoanalysis also liberate the ancient Buddhism from power structure developed in Ancient Society, making it more understandable and useful to modern people. The self formed under the social context of modernism is always floating, rootless, self-aggrandizing and weak. The typical symptoms include lacking of ethical and moral responsibilities, spiritual alienation and anxiety, etc. And the global consumer culture encourages this tendency. At the process of comparing, we see a possibility of re-rooting the tree of life. Seeking the true self instead of identifying to the false one under external symbols brings us deeper happiness and a real understanding of life. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zheng, Li T1 - A Study of Virtue Ethics in John Steinbeck’s >The Winter of Our Discontent< [善恶之网的挣扎:斯坦贝克《烦恼的冬天》的美德伦理研究] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Contemporary Foreign Literature, [No. 3 (2014), pp.:120-131. N2 - This paper analyzes >The Winter of Our Discontent<, John Steinbeck’s last novel, from the perspective of humanistic ethics as advocated by American psychologist Erich Fromm. Affected by corrupt social values, the protagonist Ethan fails to realize his primary potentiality for goodness at first. Touched by his untainted daughter Alan, however, Ethan eventually experiences an epiphany, gradually recognizes the importance of self-love, and overcomes alienation in his realization of active freedom. By tracking Ethan’s moral development, Steinbeck gives voice to his own ethical concerns. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yue T1 - Values on Erich Fromm’s Theory of Alienation [埃里希•弗洛姆的异化价值观], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, CPC Zhejiang Provincial Party School, Hangzhou, Zheijiang, China 2014. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆在充分吸收和借鉴马克思异化理论和卢卡奇的异化理论的基础上,从心理学的视角出发来开创了自己的异化理论,用来解读资本主义社会制度下人的各种境遇。埃里希•弗洛姆通过对资本主义现象的深刻剖析和激烈的批判,犀利的指出资本主义繁华和虚荣的背后是赤裸裸的精神贫瘠和心内的孤独,为了摆脱这种状况,人们出现了逃避自由的心理机制,所以弗洛姆倡导建立健全的社会,只有健全的社会才会有健全的人格,才是符合人性追求自由和发展的本性。他的观点开拓了异化的研究范畴,丰富了马克思和卢卡奇所提出的异化思想。本篇文章在搜集大量资料的基础上,从弗洛姆的时代背景和生活经历入手,分析提出异化理论的现实依据和理论根据。弗洛姆将异化的内容扩大到生活中的各个领域,并指出资本主义心理、社会性格、消费等方面是典型的异化现象,从主客体两方面来分析这种异化现象产生的原因,并且给出了克服异化的方法,通过>爱的艺术<、发挥主观能动性、轻占有重生存的主体改变,再加上经济、政治、文化方面的双管齐下,来消除所存在的异化给人们带来的扭曲和不利。尽管弗洛姆的异化理论存在着很多的不足,但是给我国建设社会主义核心价值观带来了很多的启发与借鉴。 N2 - Erich Fromm, while fully absorbs and draw lessons from Marx’s alienation theory and the theory on the basis of the alienation of Lukács, starting from the perspective of psychology to start his own theory of alienation, used to interpret the people of diversity under the capitalist social system circumstances. Erich Fromm, through profound analysis and the fierce criticism on the phenomenon of capitalism, sharply pointed out that behind of the capitalist prosperous and vanity is pure spirit and heart of loneliness, in order to get rid of this situation, people appeared to escape the psychological mechanism of freedom, so Fromm’s social advocate to establish and perfect, only a sound society will have a sound personality, is the pursuit of freedom and development of the nature of human nature. His ideas to develop the research category of alienation, enrich the alienation of Marx and Lukács proposed ideas. - This article on the basis of collecting a large number of data, from the era background and life experience of Fromm, is put forward according to the reality of realistic basis and theoretical basis. Fromm expands the content of the alienation into all areas of life, and points out that psychological, social character, consumption of capitalism is a typical phenomenon of alienation, from two aspects of subject and object to analyze the causes of the alienation phenomenon, and gives the ways to overcome the alienation, through >he art of love<, our subjective initiative, changes in the body of the light of heavy survival, coupled with economic, political, and cultural aspects, to eliminate the dissimilation of distortions and disadvantage. Although Fromm’s dissimilation theory there are many shortcomings, bringing to the construction of socialist in our country a lot of inspiration and reference. [Authors translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Ying T1 - Fromm’s Theory of Freedom and Its Implications [浅析弗洛姆的自由理论及其启示] JF - Journal of Hubei University of Economics (Humanities and Social Sciences) 湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版), No. 7 (2014), 15-16, 26. N2 - 自由是人的本质,追求自由是个体成长发育的内在需求,人的历史就是一部不断追求个人自由的历史。然而,通过对现代资本主义社会的考察,弗洛姆认为,我们在现代历史进程中曾获得的那种自由并非真正的自由,它让现代人陷于孤独和无能为力的境地。本文从弗洛姆对自由的理解出发,探讨了现代人既渴望自由又逃避自由的根源以及解决这种精神困境的出路,[…] N2 - Is the essence of human freedom, the pursuit of freedom is an inherent demand for individual growth and development, human history is a history of constant pursuit of personal freedom. However, through the study of modern capitalist society, Fromm believes that the kind of freedom in the modern historical process we have obtained is not true freedom, which help people trapped in loneliness and impotence. This article Fromm understanding of freedom, discusses the modern desire for freedom and escape both the root causes of freedom and the way out to solve this spirit, which is in the social transition period for Chinese people also have significant implications. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Shanrui T1 - The Book >The Art of Loving< [《爱的艺术》读后感] N2 - 弗洛姆生于德国的法兰克福,二十世纪二十年代是闻名的>法兰克福学派<成员之一。他认为现代人是靠幻想活着的,因为只有幻想才能使人忍受现实的生活。所以人获取解放的基本条件必须先意识到这一点,然后就能用自己的力量去改变现实,从而摆脱幻想,达到个人和社会的变化。在本书中他反复强调对人类存在这一问题的真正、全面的回答是要在爱中实现人与人之间的统一。作者认为爱情并不是一种与人的成熟度无关的感情,而是一门可以通过训练自己的纪律、集中和耐心学到手的一门艺术。 N2 - Fromm was born in Frankfurt, Germany, in the 1920s was a member of the famous >Frankfurt School<. He believes that modern man is alive by the fantasy, because only fantasy to real life people endure. So people get liberated basic conditions must be aware of this, and then be able to use their own power to change reality, to get rid of illusions, to personal and social change. In this book, he repeatedly stressed the problem of human existence truly comprehensive answer is to achieve unity between people in love. Authors believe that love is not a man of maturity has nothing to do with feelings, but one can train their own discipline, focus and patience Xue Daoshou of an art. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Lili T1 - Cultural Conflict in the >Self< and >Other< – The Image of Black Women in >The Bluest Eye< [文化冲突下>自我<与>他者<的探求——解析《最蓝的眼睛》中的黑人女性形象] [application of Fromm's theories to art]. JF - Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences Edition) [长春理工大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 3 (2014), pp. 158-159. N2 - [托尼•莫里森的作品大多着力描绘白人强势文化与黑人族裔文化冲突下,黑人女性对其个人身份和民族身份的困惑与迷茫。在此运用弗洛姆的人性异化论,着重分析《最蓝的眼睛》中黑人女性遭遇的身份探求困境,其中的大多数成为被边缘化的>他者<,徘徊于主流文化之外。黑人女性只有保持>自我<,认同自己的民族身份,才能保持人格与人性上的独立。 ] N2 - Toni Morrison's works mostly depict whites strong focus on culture and the culture of ethnic conflict under black, black women of their personal identity and national identity confusion and confusion. In this use Fromm human alienation, focusing on the analysis of identity, >The Bluest Eye< in the quest for black women encounter difficulties, most of which become marginalized >other<, hovering outside the mainstream culture. Only black women remain >self<, to identify with their ethnic identity in order to remain independent on the personality and humanity. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Jingjing T1 - On the Theory of >Sick Man< by Fromm [试论弗洛姆的>病态人<理论] JF - Journal of Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University [福建师大福清分校学报], No. 6 (2014), pp. 59-64. N2 - 西方马克思主义者弗洛姆一生致力于>人<的研究,他融汇社会学、心理学、伦理学等多种学说,主要从精神分析的角度,考察现代人的生存状况。弗洛姆认为,现代社会是一不健全的病态社会,生活其中的现代人大多是>病态人<,其病症包括施虐与受虐、破坏心理、丢失自我、重占有思想等等。他希望通过重塑理性信仰、发展创制性人格、汲取爱的能量等方式来>治愈>这些病态人 N2 - The Western Marxist Fromm devoted his life to the research of >individual<. Blending the theory of sociology, psychology, ethics, etc., he inspects the condition of modern people mainly from the perspective of psychoanalysis. Fromm believes that modern society is an unhealthy society, where most modern people are >sick man<, whose symptoms including sadism and masochism, destruction, loss of self, being obsessed with possession and so on. He hopes to regain the rational belief, develop creative personality and absorb the energy of love to >cure< these sick people. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Hongyu T1 - The Roots of Modern Sports Dissimilation and Transcend – Based on the Study of Fromm’s >Free Alienation Theory< [现代体育异化的根源及其超越——基于弗洛姆自由异化理论的探析] JF - Nanjing Sport Institute (Social Science) [南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)], No. 1 (2014), pp. 45-49. N2 - [>自由异化理论<是弗洛姆运用精神分析哲学分析社会问题的经典思想。研究基于对弗洛姆哲学思想的解读,运用自由异化理论对现代体育的异化加以审视。认为现代体育的异化源自于其行为主体——人的心理机制的异化,具体表现为现代体育中的极权主义、破坏欲及舍己趋同等逃避自由的行为。应通过提倡交往理性、克服人的物化、建立人道主义的民主等途径来培养健全的人,只有实现人对异化的超越才能促使体育本真的复归。] N2 - >Free alienation theory< is the classical thought of Fromm exerting the mental philosophy on the analysis of social problems. Based on the interpretation of Fromm’s philosophy, the root and ways of people’s psychological alienation is analyzed and modern sports dissimilation is inspected. Modern sports dissimilation is originated from behavioral agent-psychological mechanism dissimilation, which is represented as behaviors of escaping from freedom, such as totalitarianism of modern sports, the desire to destroy and Self-denial convergence. We should call for communicative rationality, overcome the human materialization, and establish the humanitarian of democracy in order to cultivate healthy people. Only if we realize the transcendence of dissimilation, the sports nature can be returned. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Fan T1 - Combining Marx’s and Freud’s Thought in the >Social Unconscious< Theory [论>社会无意识<语境下马克思与弗洛伊德思想的结合] JF - Jin Tian. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是弗洛伊德主义马克思主义的卓越代表,他将马克思主义哲学与精神分析的心理学相结合,形成了著名的>社会无意识<理论,作为两种理论的创新结合体,该理论具有重要的范式意义。 N2 - Erich Fromm is an excellent representative of Freudian Marxist, he would Marxist philosophy and psychoanalysis psychology combine to form the famous >social unconscious< theory, as the two innovative combination of species theory, this theory has important significance paradigm. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER -