TY - JOUR A1 - Ziege, Eva-Maria T1 - Die politische Theorie des jungen Erich Fromm. Über seine soziologische Dissertation JF - Faber, Richard, and Ziege, Eva-Maria (Eds.), Das Feld der Frankfurter Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften vor 1945, Würzburg (Königshausen und Neumann) 2007, pp. 177-182. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Xia T1 - On Humanistic Thoughts of Teachers and Its Inspiration to Chinese Teacher Education, Master thesis [论人本主义教师观及其对我国教师教育的启示], Principles of Pedagogy, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 2007. N2 - Humanistic Co-educational thought has been the academic hot topic in our country these years, and especially has attracted widespread attention in the educational theories. Especially, its discussion on the teachers plays an important inspiration in the development and reformation of teacher education of our country. Based on lots of reference materials and documents, this research is carried out by the methods of theoretical studies, comparisons and educational investigation, systematically clarifying the humanistic notions of teacher and the inspiration on teacher education. The dissertation is composed of three parts. The first part analyzes the theoretical background of the research, then put forward the issue that the dissertation is to deal with.– The second part probes into the basic connotation and theory origin and analyzes the revelational significance. In this part, the author chooses three representative humanistic psychologists Carl R. Rogers, A. H Maslow, E. Fromm to introduce their teacher idea, pointing out that the teacher who is considered by humanists is a self-actualization, creative and personality person, who should be sincere to their students and trusting them. A teacher should be a facilitator who is able to lay down a cooperation-system with students; meanwhile the thesis discusses about the main methods of training teachers.– The third chapter emphasizes the inspiration Humanistic educational thought brings to our national development of teacher education. For example, the aim of teacher education should be more humanistic, and more attention should be paid to future teachers, etc. In a word, this thesis intends to attract more attention to make our teacher education more humanistic. [Author’s translation] N2 - 人本主义教育思想是近年来学术界的热点话题,受到教育理论界的广泛关注。特别是它关于教师方面的论述对我国教师教育的发展和改革有着重要的启示。本文研究的主要内容是人本主义的教师观及其对我国教师教育的启示。全文分为三部分:第一章阐述了本文研究的理论背景以及问题提出的意义。第二章分析了人本主义的内涵、理论渊源、产生的理论基础及社会根源,并分析了它的启示意义;在此基础上分别选取了三位具有代表性的人本主义心理学家弗洛姆、马斯洛和罗杰斯,阐述了他们的教师观,即教师应是一个能自我实现的人、有创造性及有个性的人;对学生真实,认可、承认、信任学生,对学生能够作移情性理解;他是一个促进者,能与学生建立起>融洽型<的师生关系;同时还论述了人本主义教师培训的主要方式。第三章主要讨论人本主义教师观对我国教师教育发展的启示:如教师教育的培养目标应人本化;加强对未来教师人文素养的培养;培养自我充分实现的教师;构建人性化的教师继续教育模式等等,最终使我们的教师教育走向人本化。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zheng, Yawei A1 - Wang, Tong T1 - On Fromm’s Personality Theory and Modern Personality Culture [论弗洛姆的人格理论与现代人的人格培养] JF - Career Horizon [职业时空], No. 2 (2007), pp. 30-31. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是德国法兰克福学派重要成员。他既是马克思的信徒,同时又是弗洛伊德的学生,这样的双重身分使他的研究领域明显区别于法兰克福学派的其他成员。他大大发展了弗洛伊德的思想,创建了独具特色的>人本主义精神分析<。 N2 - Erich Fromm is an important member of the Frankfurt School, Germany. He is both the followers of Marx, Freud students, this dual identity so that his field of study was significantly different from the other members of the Frankfurt School. He greatly to the development of Freud's ideas, to create a unique >humanistic psychoanalysis<. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Zhao, Zongjin T1 - Yìshù de bèihòu: Fú luò mǔ lùn yìshù 艺术的背后:弗洛姆论艺术 [Behind Arts: Erich Fromm on Art], Changchun: Jilin meishu chuban she 吉林美术出版社 [Jilin Fine Arts Publishing House], 119 pages.[Application of Fromm's theories to art] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Youkui T1 - Refusing to >Abstract Matter<: Theoretical Approach of Western Marxism JF - Journal of Nantong University (Social Sciences Edition), No. 2 (2007), pp. 28-32. N2 - Some successors of Marxists once insist that the >substanceabstract matter< of old materialism. Western Marxists who are the affirmative or negative of >substance< commonly demand re-understanding Marx’s texts because they think that the judgment doesn’t embody the real Marxist philosophical revolution. With the refusing to >abstract matter<, Lukács, Fromm, Schmidt and Gramsci etc.do their most to emphasize ontological significance of historical practice and the nullity of two-pattern of materialism and idealism to understanding Marxist philosophy. Though Western Marxism excessively emphasis on practice, their theoretical approach has important theoretical significance to the research of contemporary Chinese Marxist philosophy. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 6/2023] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yangbo T1 - Freedom: Heavy Yoke – Read Erich Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [自由:沉重的枷锁——读弗洛姆的《逃避自由》] JF - Tribune of Social Sciences (Academic Review Volume) [社会科学论坛(学术评论卷)], No. 10 (2007), pp. 98-102. N2 - 自由是人类社会不断追求的理想,匈牙利革命诗人裴多斐就曾给自由给予了极高评价:>生命诚可贵,爱情价更高,若为自由故,两者皆可抛。<诗句成为激励每一代社会 N2 - Freedom is the constant pursuit of the ideal of human society, the Hungarian revolutionary poet Pei Fei had given much freedom to give a high evaluation: >Life is precious, and love even if it is free, both can be thrown.< poem became the inspiration for every generation of social. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xiaowei T1 - A Research on Fromm’s Theory of Solitariness, Marxist Philosophy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China 2004, 41 pp.[Application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - Solitariness, if taken literally, means >one by himself, loneliness< and belongs to one of psychological senses from personal consciousness. While Fromm, having experienced a lonely childhood and about 50-year psychiatry, thought that it is a philosophical problem which the whole human must confront objectively. And then Fromm founded his theory of solitariness in a three-step deduction.– Firstly, solitariness is a theory of social character. Fromm’s social character means the mass’s common character parts at the same time and in the same place. Fromm thought that Fascism was caused by the escape of freedom, which was caused by solitariness when it went extremely, solitariness was so hard for men to endure that they began to escape from freedom and became solitary which led to the fascism, In Germany the after-war treaties’ signing, proletarian revolution’s defeat, the inflation and the economic depression sped up the growth of solitariness as a problem of social character.– Secondly, solitariness is a theory of social unconsciousness. As social character is dominant and controlled by its recessive counterpart which Fromm called social unconsciousness. It means the commonly pressed fields owned by a society’s most members. During the Middle Age, the people obeyed the secure morals, strict teachings and grew an off-world attitude so that nothing happened. In the Rebirth period economic development brought the modern men and made them freer, but at the same time, destroyed the traditional social structure. And then solitariness appeared as a problem of social unconsciousness until the Religion Reform times, it had been temporarily solved because of Martin Luther and Calvin’s new teachings.– Thirdly, Solitariness is a theory of human spirit. After all, solitariness is a problem of human spirit. Because once man came to birth, they left Nature and the animals’ kingdom and became much lonely in the pre-historic period. However, it was not felt by man without self-consciousness. During the Ancient Civilization Times, the primitive social structures were destroyed and the problem appeared. Entering the Axle Age, human spiritual structure, which was used to deal with the solitariness, were founded in both eastern and western societies at the same time. N2 - >孤独<本属普通名词,意指个人主观的一种孤单、寂寞的心理感觉。但有过孤独童年与大半生心理医生经历的弗洛姆却把孤独作为其社会心理学和心理分析学的对象,并且以《逃避自由》为主要文本形成了其包括社会性格、社会无意识和人类精神在内的孤独理论。第一,孤独-社会性格理论。弗洛伊德把孤独归咎于个人,赖希从探讨法西斯主义入手,提出了群体独裁说。弗洛姆在前两人的基础上产生群体孤独概念并进而形成他的孤独-社会性格理论:自由本是西方文化的一大优良传统,但走向极端也会出现孤独,而孤独本身是难以忍受的。德国大众之所以甘愿逃避自由并俯首屈从于法西斯主义乃在于他们养成了迎合法西斯主义的孤独的社会性格。第二,孤独-社会无意识理论。社会性格是一种显性的社会意识,控制它的则是社会无意识。无意识一词为弗洛伊德首创,意指个人的生活状况所特有的处境而造成的对人压抑的内容。弗洛姆在此基础上提出了>社会无意识<范畴,并将其定义为一个社会最大多数成员共同被压抑的领域。弗洛姆认为:在中世纪,人们共同遵守一种有感情的、具有安全与归属感的社会道德秩序,严格笃信宗教教义并且养成了灵活的悖论思维与豁达的出世心态。加之经济活动又服务于人的需求,因此孤独被束缚于内。进入文艺复兴时期,经济发展一方面使个人更加自由,另一方面也彻底摧毁了曾经给予他安全与归属感的传统社会结构。于是,现代式孤独随之而产生。到了宗教改革时期,路德的因信称义思想与加尔文的宿命论暂时消弭了世人的孤独感。于是,孤独被转化为隐性的社会无意识。第三,孤独-人类精神理论。孤独虽然暂时得到解决但并非一劳永逸,因为孤独的最终原因并未找到。弗洛姆认为:早在史前时代,孤独就已产生。因为人类一经出现,他们便脱离自然而离群索居并与动物永别。尽管极其孤独,但由于这时没有明显的自我意识所以他们尚未发觉孤独的存在。到了古代文明时期,人类历史上第一轮经济大发展摧毁了原始的社会秩序,人类的孤独意识开始觉醒。进入轴心期,人类精神在东西方同时建立,比较彻底地解决了孤独这一问题。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Ling T1 - The Symbolical Meaning of Technology and Its Effect on Social Psychology [技术的符号意义及对社会心理的影响], Master thesis, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2007, 51 pp. N2 - At the beginning of technology, it was taken seriously by people because of its tremendous material benefits. But people have seemingly ignored the correlation between technology and social psychology when they take material benefits seriously. Technology is created by people’ rationality, so it is normally imprinted by human psychology. It is seemingly insignificant to pay more attention to this one-way correlation. But at present, this one-way correlation has gone and never comes back. Social psychology need still leads the direction of technical development, but at the same time, technology has affected the development of social psychology. According to this, the main body of this article tries to look upon the technology as a one kind of peculiar symbol and study its effect on social psychology by using >Symbolic Interactionism<. Through the analysis on a lot of technical examples, we realize that with changing the way of communication, technology has affected social psychology on two aspects: active and negative one. Technology has satisfied the feelings of freedom, agreement and vent and its application has benefits on maintaining social mentality and defending the harmonious development of entire human society. But at the same time, technology also upsets the human being’s socialization course, breaks up human groups, makes social psychology tend to become more and more distant and attacks the moral concepts existed in social psychology. We cannot deny the active effect of technology on social psychology, but we also cannot ignore its negative effect. On further analysis, we realize that this negative effect should be attributed to the alienation of social psychology. The alienation makes people lose their self-determination of psychology. Social psychology has controlled by technology, becomes a slave of technology and manifests a kind of trend of technologization. That is one of the important manifestation of modernity crisis. Under the push of >Gestell<, human society is also more and more like a >technology field< and a difficult position of the modern rational person has been formed from this. Then can we not rotate this trend?– The main body of this article tries to find a way to avoid alienation and makes technology go well with social psychology by using >Humanization of Technological Society< of Fromm. We can think that it is a feasible way to pay more attention to people themselves, push the prefect of social psychology and the reasonable application of technology and lead the development of technology rationally by technology morality and humanity spirit. N2 - 从技术产生之初至今,因其带给人类的巨大的物质利益,就一直受到人类的高度重视。然而,在对物质利益顶礼膜拜的同时,人类似乎忽视了技术与社会心理之间的关联。技术是人凭借理性创造与发展起来的,因此理所当然带有人类心理的印记,在一定程度上反映了人类的心理需求,对这一单向度的关系关注过多似乎并没有多大意义。可是时至今日,技术与社会心理之间的单向度关系已经一去不返了,人类社会心理需求依然主导着技术的发展方向,但与此同时,技术却也对社会心理的发展产生影响。有鉴于此,本文试图利用符号互动理论切入此问题,将技术视为一种特殊符号,从而研究技术对社会心理产生的影响。通过对大量现实的技术事例的分析表明,技术作为一种符号,在改变人类社会心理的交流方式和情境的基础上,对社会心理产生了积极与消极两方面的影响。技术的发展满足了人类社会心理中的自由感、认同感和宣泄感,有利于维持社会心理的平衡,维护整个人类社会的和谐发展。但与此同时,技术也打乱了人类的社会化进程,导致了人类社会的群体分裂,使人类社会心理趋于冷漠化与功利化,冲击了社会心理中原有的伦理道德观念。技术对社会心理的积极影响是不容否认的,但它的消极影响也是不容忽视的。进一步的分析显示,这种消极影响源于技术的异化现象。技术的异化使人类丧失了心理的自主性,人类社会心理逐渐被技术控制,成为技术的奴隶,越来越显示出技术化的倾向。这也是现代性危机的重要表现之一。在技术座架的促逼下,人类社会也越来越像一个>技术领域<由此形成了现代>理性人<的困境。那么,人类社会心理技术化的倾向完全不可逆转吗?针对此问题,本文试图借助弗洛姆的技术人道化理论,找到一条避免异化,使技术发展与社会心理形成良性互动的和谐发展道路。通过分析,本文认为,注重人的因素的介入,促进人类社会心理的完善及对技术的合理运用,并加强对技术的人文关怀,理性地运用技术伦理加以引导应是避免社会心理技术化的一条可行之路。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Hongyan T1 - Humanism of Marx – Fromm's Concept of >Marx< Interpretation [人本主义的马克思——弗洛姆的《马克思关于人的概念》解读] JF - Yunnan Finance & Economics University (Social Sciences) Journal of Economics & Management [云南财经大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 2 (2007), pp. 9-10. N2 - 埃里希.弗洛姆是西方马克思主义著名人学家。《马克思关于人 的概念》系弗洛姆早期最重要的西方马克思主义著作,也是20世纪将马克思哲学重新人本主义化的重要文献。此书中,弗洛姆第一次明确提出马克思主义哲学的本 质为人本主义的观点,讨论了他重新解释马克思历史唯物主义的基本观点,在这里,他反对将历史唯物主义诠释为经济决定论,而突出强调马克思主义的人学特 征。 N2 - Erich Fromm is the Western Marxism famous anthropologists. Marxist concept of Western Marxism Department of Fromm's most important early works, in the 20th century, Marxist philosophy re-humanism of important documents. Book, Fromm first clearly the essence of Marxist philosophy man humanistic point of view, to discuss the basic point of view of his re-interpretation of Marx's historical materialism, where he interpreted as opposed to historical materialism economic decisions On highlighted Marxism characteristics. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Hao T1 - An Analysis of the Philosophy of >Them< in View of Freedom [《他们》的自由观之哲学解析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2007. [Application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - Joyce Carol Oates is a well-known American woman writer famous for her prolificacy and her wide coverage of genres in literary creation. The larger proportions of Oates' works present the readers the earthly existence and the spiritual crisis of the contemporary Americans. Of many of her excellent novels, >Them< is the most typical and representative. In >Them<, the vicissitude of the American society between 1930s and 1960s is fictionalized and showed through the experiences of the Wendalls during these 30 years, including the mother Loretta, the daughter Maureen, the son Jules and his lover Nadine. The novel records the spiritual bewilderment and identity confirmation of the contemporary American people, especially those from the lower strata of the society through the ups and downs of the Wendalls.– Freedom can be classified into two types: passive freedom and active freedom. The different understandings of >freedom< held by the different characters in them as well as their distinct ways of pursuing >freedom< constitute the striking feature of this novel, which adds a great deal to the thematic depth. Loretta's resigning herself to fate, Maureen's attaching herself to >authority< and Nadine's searching freedom through death can be classified into >negative freedom<. And Jules' shouldering responsibility while pursuing freedom can be regarded as >positive freedom<. Freedom has always been a popular theme since Plato and Aristotle. Philosophers in history hold their own opinions toward >freedom<, such as Paul Sartre's theory of >freedom and responsibility<, Martin Heidegger's >freedom and death< and Erich Fromm's >freedom and escape<. All of them are endowed with great importance in the history of western philosophy. Also the theories mentioned above are instructive in understanding the different ways of pursuing freedom adopted by different characters in the novel >Them<.– Through the different understandings of freedom held by the characters, the essence of freedom is disclosed: only the freedom which teaches people to face the objective world courageously and to shoulder the responsibility toward other people when searching one's own ideal freedom, is the true, positive and correct understanding of freedom. N2 - 乔伊斯•卡罗•欧茨是蜚声当代美国文坛的一位多产女作家。欧茨小说大都透过作者的眼睛使读者们身临其境地感受到当代美国人的精神困惑和生存状态。小说《他们》(1969)就是这样一部反映当代美国人对>自由<具有相同渴望,却通过不同方式追寻它的优秀代表作。小说描写了上个世纪30年代至60年代间的美国社会变迁,并通过主人公温德尔一家中的母亲洛雷塔,女儿莫琳,儿子朱尔斯及其他几位人物在这30年间的动荡经历,表现了所有同时代的美国白人,尤其是处于社会底层的穷人普遍的精神困惑、自我定位与自由追寻。小说中几位人物对>自由<的相异的理解及不同的追求方式所形成的大相径庭的>自由观<更是给小说平添了丰富的内涵,并成为了具有时代意义的主题。>自由<主要分为<积极自由<和>消极自由<。《他们》中的三位主要人物:母亲洛雷塔、女儿莫琳、情人娜旦都在追求自由的过程中受到了挫败,致使她们对自由的渴望走向了消极追寻的道路。洛雷塔任凭命运摆布的>纯重力<的自由观,莫琳把自己依附于他人的>颠倒自由<的自由观,还有娜旦通过死亡解脱的>终极<的自由观都可 被视为消极自由—也就是通过摆脱自由的方式来追寻>自由<即逃避自由。朱尔斯所体现出的>自由与责任并重<的自由观则可被纳入积极自由之列。小说《他们》中主要人物对自由的认识与追寻并由此所表现出的自由观在弗洛姆,海德格尔和萨特等人>自由<理论的关照下体现了自由的真理:只有勇敢地面对现实世界,在选择自由的同时,也承担起自由的责任,才是真正意义上的自由,是值得肯定的自由。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Fengmei T1 - Reich's Freudian Marxist Thought and Its Implications [赖希的弗洛伊德主义马克思主义思想及其影响], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2007. N2 - || This paper, through the combing and analysis of Reich's Freudian Marxist thought, clarifies the theoretical interest of Reich's thought, and discusses his seminal contribution and his important influence on other Freudian Marxist thinkers. Firstly, the theoretical interest of Reich's thought is to realize the dialogue and integration between Freudianism and Marxism on the basis of consistency and complementarity, and to take the dialogue and integration of categories, theories and methods as a means. Secondly, he fused the problem of sexuality with socio-economic, political and revolutionary issues, thus creating the theory of personality structure analysis and the theory of >sexual revolution< based on the theory of sexual instincts, and >supplementing< the ideological theory of Marxism. He discussed the psychological basis of the emergence of fascism, criticized the revolutionary strategy of Soviet socialism, and so on. Thirdly, Reich's seminal contribution to Freudian Marxism had a significant impact on other Freudian Marxist thinkers, especially Marcuse, Fromm, Habermas and others. Of course, Reich's theories are still utopian and paranoid in some respects, and there are also some misinterpretations and misinterpretations of Marxism, but some of Reich's ideas and theories still shine with brilliance and light, and are still valuable and worthy of reference for us today. [Automatic translation] N2 - 本文通过对赖希弗洛伊德主义马克思主义思想的梳理和分析,阐明赖希思想的理论旨趣,探讨其开创性贡献及其对弗洛伊德主义马克思主义其他思想家的重要影响。首先,赖希思想的理论旨趣是实现弗洛伊德主义与马克思主义之间建立在一致性和互补性基础之上的对话和融合,并以范畴、理论、方法的对话与融合作为途径。其次,他将性的问题和社会经济、政治、革命等问题相融合起来,从而创立了性本能理论基础上展开的性格结构分析理论、>性革命<理论,并对马克思主义的意识形态理论进行了>补充<,探讨了法西斯主义产生的心理基础,批判了苏联社会主义的革命策略等。第三,赖希对弗洛伊德主义马克思主义具有开创性贡献,对弗洛伊德主义马克思主义其他思想家,特别是马尔库塞、弗洛姆哈贝马斯等产生了重大影响。当然,赖希的理论还带有乌托邦主义的色彩,而且在某些方面仍然是偏执的,对马克思主义也存在着某些误读和曲解,但是赖希的某些思想理论仍然闪烁着异彩和光辉,对于今天的我们仍然是宝贵的和值得借鉴的。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Young, Barbara T1 - The Efficacy of Psychoanalysis and the Analytic Therapies: Reflections of a Psychoanalyst and her Former Patients JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 313-334. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yin, Jie T1 - The United States in the Relationship – Cao Yu's >Thunderstorm< New Solution [美在关系 - 曹禺《雷雨》新解], Master thesis, Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China 2007 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - After the text has been the read in detail, instructed by the concept of >overall view< of the structuralism and the literary thought of Diderot's >aesthetic because of relationship<, this dissertation sets Zhou Puyuan in various real relationships such as the relationship between him and his family members, Shi Ping, the blank image – >a madam from a wealthy and influential family<, his employees, etc. and, thus, it has been discovered that he is a typical image of the morbid character of >sadism-masochism<, leaning towards the character of a sadism, being analyzed under the psychoanalysis esthetics by Erich Fromm, who belonged to the Frankfurt School. Having completely observed the possible factors forming Zhou Puyuan's morbid character has promulgated the mass production of Chinese people having the morbid characteristic of >sadism-masochism< and the cultural causes.– This creative explanation has enriched the representative significance of Zhou Pu-yuan's typical image. In the eye of the relationship between a part and its whole body, it has also been found that the >Thunderstorm< imagery, the appearance of >Holy Bible< at the end of the Epilogue and the dramatic roles' repeating >Tian< and >Tian yi< are organically combined to express the meaning of the whole frame of >Thunderstorm< – the relationship between human beings and the universe in an artistic technique. Through synthesizing the text, the author's view on writing and the history of literary criticisms, it can be concluded that people's destinies are mainly determined by the overall effects of several factors: hereditary gene, people's subjective initiative, home environment and social environment, the mysterious power from the Supreme Human Beings in the universe, which is all expressed in >Thunderstorm<. Eugene O 'Neill, evaluated by Zhu Donglin, obtained various Degree, etc. of achievements as a naturalist, a realist, a symbolist, an expressionist, a psychoanalyst, a mystic or even a poet, so did Cao Yu except as a psychoanalyst and a mystic. Having been studied in this dissertation, Cao Yu could also be considered as a psychoanalyst, a mystic as well during his writing >Thunderstorm<, and a prophet as well as a dialectical materialist. N2 - 通过文本细读,以结构主义>整体观<和狄德罗>美在关系<文论思想为指导,主要运用法兰克福学派埃里希•弗洛姆的精神分析美学分析人物性格特征,把周朴园置于各种>现实关系<——与家人的关系、与侍萍的关系、与那个>空白<——>有钱有门第的小姐<的关系、与工人的关系等方面进行全面的、整体的人物性格分析,发现周朴园是典型的>虐待—被虐待症<的病态性格,偏重于>虐待症<性格。对周朴园病态性格形成的可能性因素进行了考察,揭示出中国国民>虐待——被虐待症<病态性格的大批量生产和文化根源。这一创新性阐释丰富了周朴园典型形象的代表意义;从部分与整体的关系视角,发现了文本中的>雷雨<意象、剧终时《圣经》的出现、剧中人台词——>天<与>天意<的反复言说,这三部分被有机地结合在一起,形成了对《雷雨》整体框架所表达的意蕴>人与宇宙的关系<的艺术表现;通过对文本、作家创作论、评论史的综合考察,可以看出,《雷雨》表现了人的命运主要受遗传基因、人的主观能动性、家庭和社会环境、宇宙中高于人类智慧的神秘力量几方面因素的综合作用。朱栋霖认为作为自然主义者、现实主义者、表现主义者、精神分析者、神秘主义者、象征主义者,或者作为诗人,奥尼尔都取得了不同程度的成就,除掉>精神分析者<、>神秘主义者<外,完全可以用来评价曹禺,本课题研究认为曹禺作为诗人剧作家也是一位精神分析大师;创作《雷雨》时的曹禺也是一个神秘主义者,又是一个辩证唯物主义者、一个先觉者。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Yuanyuan A1 - Liu, Houtian A1 - Jiang, Ping T1 - On Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< Concept [试论弗洛姆的>逃避自由<观] JF - Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) [ 广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ], No. S1 (2007), pp. 126-127. N2 - 弗洛姆是西方马克思主义的重要代表人物,他把自由的获得与自由的丧失视为共生的两极,人类越是获得自由,同时也就意味着越是丧失自由。现代人陷人了普遍的生存困惑中,从而选择了>逃避自由<。 N2 - Fromm important representatives of Western Marxism, his freedom get considered symbiotic poles with the loss of freedom, human more free, at the same time means more loss of freedom. Modern trap people the popular survival confused, select the >escape from freedom<. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Yang T1 - Freud: In Search of Human Nature [弗洛伊德:探寻人性] JF - Comprehensive Reading for Students, No. 12 (2007), pp. 56-57. N2 - 心理学家弗洛姆曾经说:>先知 … 他是一位揭示那已被预先决定了的未来的预言者吗?他是一个坏消息而不是好消息或愉快消息的传播者吗?<在他的心里,他的老师、精神分析的鼻祖弗洛伊德就是这样一位先知。 N2 - The theoretician Fromm once said, >Is the prophet ... a prophet who reveals the future that has been predetermined? Is he a purveyor of bad news rather than good or pleasant news?< In his mind, his teacher, Freud, the originator of psychoanalysis, was such a prophet. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Lin T1 - What is Love? – Comments on Fromm's >The Art of Loving< [爱是什么——述评弗洛姆《爱的艺术》] JF - Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Social Science) [重庆理工大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 5 (2007), pp. 83-87. N2 - Fromm holds that love is the answer to the question of the existence of human beings; the essence of love is >giving<; love includes forms of universal love, maternal love, sexual love, self-respect, loving of God, etc, but all love forms include the basic factors of concern, responsibility, respect, understanding, etc. The contemporary western social structure and western culture cause the alienation of western society and the decline and fall of love. Fromm’s theory of love emphasizes on the problem of love from the angle of psychology, having his reasonable factors and progressing significance. N2 - 弗洛姆认为爱是对人类生存问题的回答;爱的本质是>给予<;爱包括博爱、母爱、性爱、自爱、神爱等形式,但所有爱的形式都包含关心、责任心、尊重和了解等基本要素。而当代西方的社会结构和西方文化导致了西方社会爱的异化和爱情衰亡。弗洛姆关于爱的理论着重从心理学的角度去探讨爱的问题,有其合理因素和进步意义。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Cunhua T1 - An Analysis of Fromm's Concept of Freedom [弗洛姆的自由观探析], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2007. N2 - Freedom is the theme that people have been trying to search after and the object that people have been trying to obtain in old times. However, people have different opinions of freedom. People mainly think that human can obtain the freedom as soon as the external chains vanish, but Erich Fromm had different ideas. He thought there were dual freedom in the world and found a way to the freedom. His thought has important theoretical and realistic meanings. This thesis is mainly composed of four parts as following.– First part aims at introducing social background and ideological origins which Erich Fromm’s freedom ideology produced, and his special experience that affected his freedom ideology. The days that Fromm lived in was former 80 years of last century, in which various social contradictions were sharp .Two times world war, economic crisis and nuclear weapon brought people huge disaster and became large social laboratory including his special experience. All these things formed realistic basis of his freedom ideology. Freud’s psychoanalysis theory, Marx’s historical materialism theory and alienation theory, Zen Buddhism thought exerted great influence to forming Fromm’s freedom ideology.– Fromm’s freedom ideology is discussed in detail in second part. Firstly, the meaning of Fromm’s freedom is simply explained. His freedom has dual meanings: one is active freedom and the other is passive freedom. Active Freedom is a feeling that people want to do and volunteer to do something, passive freedom is a feeling that people get rid of external chains. Logically active freedom includes passive freedom but passive freedom doesn’t include active freedom. Next, the essay carefully analyzes the relation of freedom and alienation, freedom and spontaneous action, freedom and democracy. The passive freedom that all people attain cannot make the soul peace either can get the active freedom. Only the sound people who do things spontaneously can get active freedom.– The aim of third part is mainly to feel and think freedom. Firstly, according to of the turn of the development of society analysis the attitude and situation, that people chase the freedom. Especially, people in modern society has contradictive thought that people chase freedom and are afraid of attaining it. Next, according to grow of person, state the character of freedom in period of psychology. Different period of society and psychology, people have different attitude on freedom. This suggests freedom is existent essence of human. Freedom exists accompanying human existence. The human development history is also the history that people chase freedom. Freedom is different according to different individuation. All in this meaning is passive freedom. Passive freedom only can make people feel lonely and anxiety and escape from freedom. To eliminate this situation, Fromm gave serial social reform measures to build a sound society. Connection this part with second part is that sound people who live in sound society can get the active freedom and reveal humanity.– The fourth part aims at evaluating Fromm’s freedom ideology properly, according to the rule that getting rid of the bad and absorbing the good. Fromm’s dual freedom ideology provides people with new thread that chase freedom. Psychoanalysis of escaping from freedom deepens the understanding of modern society and our national modern construction. The relationship between freedom and spontaneous action has an important meaning. Analysis of psychology and society provides a worthy method for studying history and analysis of individual. Concrete measures on social reform that Fromm put forward have some suggestive meanings for fast developing China. Meanwhile, because of the limit of history and theory, Fromm’s freedom ideology is inevitably idealistic. He could not find a real path leading to freedom. The text gives the recapitulative comment at last. N2 - 自古以来,>自由<就是人们孜孜不倦探索的话题,也是人们努力要实现的目标。然而,在>自由<这个问题上历来就是众说纷纭,各抒己见。人们大都认为只要消除掉外在的束缚就可以获得自由,但弗洛姆却持有不同的看法,提出双重自由观并论述通向真正自由的道路,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文主体共分四个部分:第一部分,阐述弗洛姆自由思想提出的社会理论背景、社会现实背景及其特殊的生活经历对自由思想的影响。弗洛姆生活的年代也就是上个世纪的前八十年,是各种社会矛盾尖锐的时期,两次世界大战、经济危机、核武器等给人们带来巨大的灾难,也成了生活在其中的弗洛姆的>社会观察室<,再加上自己独特的家庭环境和个人经历就形成了弗洛姆自由思想的现实基础。弗洛伊德的精神分析法,马克思的历史唯物主义和异化理论,东方的禅宗思想都对弗洛姆自由思想的形成产生过重大影响。第二部分,在多重关系中对弗洛姆自由观进行横向分析论述。首先对弗洛姆>自由<的内涵作了简单的说明:>自由<具有双重的含义——积极自由和消极自由。积极自由就是>主动的、自愿的做……的感觉<,在人人平等的基础上尊重个性的发展,在个人自我之上没有更高的权力,自我个性的实现是唯一的目的和最高的目标。消极的自由就是指>摆脱……的束缚而获得的感觉<,是人挣脱了外界的障碍、束缚后的无拘无束、自由自在。在逻辑上积极自由包含消极自由,消极自由则不含积极自由的意思。接下来,详细分析自由和异化、自由和自发性活动、自由和民主的关系。说明了全体异化的人们所获得的消极自由无法让内心安宁,也不能达到积极的自由,只有通过自发性的活动塑造健全的人,才可能寻得积极自由。第三部分,阐述弗洛姆在社会发展和人的心路历程中纵向感悟自由的思想。首先,按照社会发展的顺序,分析在各个时代的人们追求自由的情况和对自由的态度。特别说明了在现代社会人们既追求自由又逃避自由的矛盾心理。接下来,按照个人年龄的增长,说明人们心理各阶段的自由特点。通过社会和人心理各个不同阶段对自由的不同反应说明:自由是人存在的本质,自由伴随着人类的存在而存在,一部人类发展史也是一部人类追求自由的历史,自由随着个体化程度的不同而不同,这个意义上都是消极的自由,消极自由只能让人们感到焦虑、孤独,从而逃避自由。为了消除这种状况,弗洛姆提出一系列的社会改革措施以建立健全的社会。这一部分和第二部分的内容结合起来的思想就是:健全的人在健全的社会里生活才能通达积极自由,使人性充分的展现。第四部分,旨在依据>去其糟粕,取其精华<的原则试图对弗洛姆的自由思想做出恰当的评价。弗洛姆的双重自由观为人们追求自由提供了新的思路;逃避自由的心理分析加深了对现代社会和我国现代建设的理解;自由与自发性活动的关系的论述对现代社会有重要的意义;心理和社会相结合的分析为研究历史事件和分析个人情况提供了一个值得借鉴的方法;提出的社会改革的具体措施对于正在阔步前进的中国有一些启发意义。同时,由于历史和理论的限制,弗洛姆的自由观不可避免的带有空想性,没能找到一条真正可以到达自由的道路。文章最后对弗洛姆自由观的局限性作了概括性评述。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Fangjie T1 - Fromm’s Alienation Theory [弗洛姆关于人的异化理论评析] JF - Journal of Socialist Theory Guide [理论导刊], No. 9 (2007), pp. 36-38. N2 - 弗洛姆从人的本质及异化的角度阐述了对马克思主义哲学的理解。他认为,异化是人的主观体验和感受,是对生产性潜能这一人的本质的否定;社会主义是对人的异化的扬弃;当今资本主义社会中每一个人都是异化的。在对道德和资本主义现实批判的意义上,弗洛姆的异化理论具有一定程度的积极意义。然而,他对马克思关于人的本质及异化的理解是片面的,有意割裂了马克思主义的整体发展进程;由于自身的理论局限性,他关于这一问题的论述存在许多不正确的地方。 N2 - Fromm, from the point of view of human nature and the alienation elaborate understanding of Marxist philosophy. In his view, of alienation is a subjective experience and feelings of the people is the negation of the essence of the productive potential; socialism is the sublation of alienation; everyone in today's capitalist society is alienation. Fromm's theory of alienation in the sense of morality and reality of capitalist critique, with a certain degree of positive significance. However, his understanding of the essence and alienation Marx is one-sided, intentionally fragmented the overall development process of Marxism; limitations due to their own theory, his discourse on this issue there are many incorrect place. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xue, Rong T1 - Fromm's Theory of Social Psychology [弗罗姆社会心理学的理论基础] JF - Academic Research [学术研究], No. 4 (2007), pp. 54-59. N2 - 弗罗姆的社会心理学是对马克思的历史唯物主义和弗洛伊德的精神分析学整合的成果。本文的分析表明,他的整合实质上是用历史唯物主义修正精神分析学,他的社会性格学说是运用马克思主义的具体体现,对当代资本主义的批判更是借鉴了马克思的异化理论。他积极地批判与干预现实,践行了马克思>重要的是改变现实<的实践哲学。弗罗姆不仅为我们提供了运用马克思思想的典范,也对我们认识马克思主义的价值,发展马克思主义有重要的意义。 N2 - Fromm's social psychology is the historical materialism of Marx and Freud's psychoanalysis integration results. This analysis shows that he is essentially the integration of historical materialism correction psychoanalysis, his social character of the Marxist doctrine is the use of a concrete manifestation of the critique of contemporary capitalism is borrowed from Marx's theory of alienation. He actively critique and intervention reality, practice Marx >It's important to change reality< practical philosophy. Fromm not only provides us with a model for the use of Marxist ideology, but also for us to understand the value of Marxism and Marxism has important significance. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xue, Rong T1 - Fromm's Social-psychological Critique [弗罗姆的社会心理学批判] JF - Modern Philosophy [现代哲学], No. 3 (2007), pp. 61-68. N2 - In the light of an integration of Man's thoughts and Freudian psychoanalysis, Fromm revises Freudian individual-psychological theory and changes it into a social-psychological one based on Marx's historical materialism, by which he develops the accounts of social character and social unconsciousness that serve in his criticisms of capitalism. N2 - 弗罗姆的社会心理学是对马克思的思想和弗洛伊德的精神分析理论综合的结果,他以历史唯物主义为基础,修正和发展了弗洛伊德的精神分析学,将弗洛伊德的个体心理学发展为>社会心理学<,并将他在心理学上的发现和成果——社会性格学和社会无意识——用于对资本主义的批判。 Y1 - 2007 ER -