TY - GEN A1 - Du, Ruihua T1 - Look for Love in Desolation – Ailing’s Love Stories about Everyday Life of Love [于苍凉之中呼唤爱], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China 2005, 67 pp. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - In this thesis, using Erich Fromm’s theory of love, first, I tried to probe into the essence of love, and then, clarified the promoting signification which love can do for every individual and the whole society. Accordingly, some covers can be found from the ideologies in our day-to-day living. The intention is to finding an efficient way to break these covers. Zhang Ailing’s [Eileen Chang] love stories, for one thing, can proof the essence of love; for another, can be understood better for the ideality of love as a frame of reference. >Desolate< was caused by the >halfway< living attitude, and in the >desolation< we can find Zhang’s desire for real love and the impulsion to break the covers. The central point of view is, love is an taste bases on caritas, self-love and reason believes, is an affirm of inherent vigor, a category which has relation to ones mentality mature, has relation to ones ultimate importance of life. Passion is natural for loving people, but when it comes to forever, to use reason freely is necessary, and we must lead the livingness brought by love to deeper and larger cognition with the world. Love is a meaning power for life, but kinds of conceptions in day-to-day living are baffling us to find ourselves and our real love, they are utility formulae, sense-paramounth formulae and the using of children as a transferring excuse, etc. What we must do is to see through this false love and help to fulfill love, and I believe we can do. Zhang Ailing hold an affirm attitude to the basic need for material and the gentle stabilization among people, but to affection and love, there was a special >desolation< for the ideality was hang on. She said that people in love are in atman, and at this point, love and real revolution are consistent. It is one of Zhang’s literature views and is a reflection of her life attitude.– Zhang’s love stories as regards, we can also descry the essence of love. >Atman< has a correlation to >downright<, and >downright< is the root appeal and necessity of love. The promoting meaning that love to us has been cleared. Reason should also be emphasized in love. In Zhang’s novels, love was usually false or transitory, so love was not love. In stories, people were bound up by the day-to-day ideologies, they sought ask for >lover< for social need, or did not know why to >love<, such >halfway< selves brought up the desolate life. As the desire and exhibition of our lives, there are some other false forms except the bread-and-butter reason. And, love should be happen in future if we can break non-reason stipulations. Vitality is short in the day-to-day living, and we are often oppressed by vacuity, it’s just because there is no love. At present, it’s also very difficult for people to love each other with throwing out-and-out various >halfway<. But, if we can look love as a kind of art that can be obtained by training according to Erich Fromm, these ceaseless ‘desolation’ and ‘vacuity’ worrying us will be ceased. [Author's translation] N2 - 本文首先参考艾•弗洛姆的爱情理论对爱情的本质作了探讨,进一步阐明了爱情对生命个体和整个社会的促进意义,从而发现了日常生活中无所不在的意识形态对真正的爱情的遮蔽,进而探寻打破遮蔽的有效途径;张爱玲的爱情故事则一方面可用以佐证爱情的本质及其积极意义,另一方面,爱情的理想形态,作为一个视点和参照,使得张爱玲的爱情故事尤其是她的相关小说得以新的理解,>苍凉<是>不彻底<的生活态度所致,其中又隐含对真爱的呼唤和打破遮蔽的冲动。主要观点是,爱情是建基于博爱、自爱与合理信仰之上的一种体验,是自我内在力量的确认,是和人的心理成熟、和生命的终极价值追寻密切相关的一个范畴。热情是爱情的自然表现,但爱情要走向永恒,需要理智的自主作用,需要端正认识,将爱情带给生命的活力引向对更深广的人世的认识而非局限于两个人之间。爱情是生命的积极的力量,但日常生活中种种观念阻碍了人们去寻找真正的爱情,主要表现为实用原则、感觉至上原则和以孩子作为转移的借口等对爱情的遮蔽。识破日常生活意识形态所造成的虚假爱情并成全爱情,是我们应该做也能够做到的。张爱玲对日常生活中基本物质需求和人际的平和稳定持肯定态度,但涉及爱尤其是爱情问题,就在理想悬设的反差下形成一种特殊的>苍凉<意味。她说恋爱中的人是放恣的,在这点上恋爱和真正的革命同质,这既属张爱玲的文学观,也是她的人生观的反映。通过关于张爱玲的爱情故事和张爱玲写的爱情故事,也可看出爱情的本来面目,>放恣<与>彻底<相关,>彻底<是爱情的本真要求和必然表现,彰显真正的爱情对个体生命发展的积极意义,并强调了理性思考和判断在爱情中的重要地位。爱情,在她写的故事中要么是虚假的,要么只是短暂或零星的存在,不象爱情。小说中的人物被太多的日常生活意识形态所束缚,为了恋爱而恋爱,或者不知为了什么而恋爱,>不彻底<的自我造就凄惶人生。尽管,日常生活作为一个范畴已被界定为以工具理性为指导原则,但爱情作为人的生命力的要求和体现,不仅在虚假形式方面还有特殊表现,而且还有冲破种种非合理的规约而发生的可能。生活缺乏生气,人们感到无聊或者压抑,常常正是缺乏爱情的表现。目前,人们要彻底甩开诸般>不彻底<而相爱仍是极为困难的,但是,如果像弗洛姆那样把爱情看作一种可以训练而达到的艺术,应该可以打破那种似乎永无休止的>苍凉<和>虚无<。 Y1 - 2005 ER -