TY - GEN A1 - Zhong, Junhan T1 - The Journey of Love from Metamorphoses Reentry into >Ars Amatoria< – A Research on Ovid’s Love Therapy, Master thesis, World Literatur, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 2021 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - As the earliest form of literary expression, myth has provided a wide range of creative ideas for later writers with its profound changeable themes and thought-provoking connotations, and the vitality of love reflected in myth has also attracted more and more attention. Since Freud, the school of psychoanalysis and its branches have absorbed a great deal of classical nutrients concerning the practice of modern psychoanalysis in the Romantic epics Metamorphoses and Love Proverbs, which were systematized by the Roman poet Ovid. Aiming at the love topic of mankind for thousands of years, there is a close dialogue between psychoanalysis and literature in different historical contexts. Based on the theories of Freud, Lacan, Fromm and other psychoanalysts about love and the predicament of human existence, this paper attempts to analyze the symptoms of love in myth romantic epic Metamorphoses written by Ovid, and to observe >Ars amatoria<, which is shining with the glory of human nature, through the study of the symptoms of myth, and then to demonstrate: Only through the guidance and transformation of real freedom, hope and creativity can love finally become social and sound love.– This article is divided into four chapters and three parts: First of all, in the introduction part, this article will briefly explain the research significance and research status at home and abroad. Secondly, the article in the second part consisted of three chapters, aims to research on Freud’s unconscious and neurosis, Lacan’s mirror stage and the >Three Realms Theory<, Fromm’s doctrine of sound love as the foundation. Taking the classic epic Metamorphoses as a case, this paper aims to probe into the successful or tragic love in the epic from the psychological perspective of psychoanalysis, and summarize the crux and root causes of various love syndromes under an objective and meticulous text interpretation method.– The first chapter focuses on the relationship between love and freedom in two steps: The first step mainly focuses on the analysis of the stories of Eco and Philomela in >Metamorphoses<, expressing the relationship between the control and anti-control of subject, language and vision, and pointing out that human beings are always facing the dilemma of becoming >the subject that cannot stand up< in the existing order; the second step mainly compares Tereus’s >love< and Daphne’s >love< with >the subject who cannot stand up<, showing that the excessive >free< love desire leads to the loss of shame of the subject, and the serious consequences of not being able to truly realize free love.– The second chapter will focus on the relationship between love and hope in the stories of Lanthe, Pygmalion and Adonis. On the one hand, it shows that the psychological archetypes of >Anima<, >Animus< and >Mana< based on primitive experience not only stipulate the hope of love in accordance with human nature, but also prove the futility of the hope of love by the existence of >the ultimate thing< and death. On the other hand, on the basis of comparing >magic< with >Thesmophoria Worship< and >Adonis cult<, this paper analyzes hopeless obsession and positive belief, and emphasizes that only the latter can perfect free love and make it full of hope.– The third chapter focuses on love and creativity, and illustrates the defects of love between Narcissus and Eco, Thisbe and Pyramus: Due to the lack of conscious emotional motivation and the ability of free love, human beings have developed the >Copying Love< without any creativity. The creation and destruction of life is the subject’s proof of the inevitability of existence, and it also confirms the powerful power of erotic instinct. In addition, Orpheus and Pygmalion provided inspiration for the free play of the subject’s erotic impulses in art, through the understanding of art, the combination of the subject and the work of art promotes the creative sublimation of love and desire. Finally, in the third part, the fourth chapter, Based on the research results of Fromm, Marcuse and others on the formation, development and perfection of the subject personality in society, this paper returns from the love myth epic Metamorphoses by the ancient Roman poet Ovid to the love proverbs poem >Ars amatoria< then specifically analyzes the medication judgment, treatment means and cure goal of love syndrome in >Ars amatoria<. In the end, my conclusion is that love is the unity of freedom, hope and creativity. Only in the process of mutual promotion and formation of love can freedom, hope and creativity transform primitive love into social love, and realize the perfection and cure of love and purification of noble sentiment. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Włodarczyk, Rafał T1 - The pedagogy of asylum as a utopia of hospitality. A review of basic assumptions JF - Filozoficzne problemy educacji, No. 4 (2021), pp. 1-19. [Online ISSN 2545-0948] [doi.org/10.4467/25450948FPE.21.001.15166] N2 - This paper aims at the presentation of ethical and political grounds of the pedagogy of asylum, which, in its assumptions, refers to concepts of such thinkers as Emmanuel Levinas, Erich Fromm, George Steiner, Hannah Arendt, Michael Walzer, Avishai Margalit, Jacques Derrida and Janusz Korczak. Utopia of hospitality, presented in its basic assumptions, constitutes a look at the social life, life of individuals and communities, as concentrated in asylums, while its author thinks that it forms an answer to modern challenges to Western democracies, education and politics in the >Age of Migration<. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Wenhua T1 - Study on Marx’s Class Concept and Its Contemporary Value, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2021. N2 - Marx’s concept of class not only plays an important role in the formation of early Marxist philosophy, but also deepens it in the exploration of late Marxist philosophy. Because Marx began to construct the concept of >class< from the early stage, and constantly deepened the concept of kind in the mature and late stage, so the study of Marx’s concept of class is of great significance to understand and grasp the development process of Marxist philosophy and the Sinicization of Marxist philosophy. However, because Marx criticized Feuerbach’s abstract concept of class and didn’t directly use the terms related to the concept of class in his later period, most researchers in the academic circles think that Marx’s concept of class is an >immature< concept, and Marx later replaced the concept of class with the concept of >society<. Therefore, based on Marx’s early and late original works, this paper will deeply explore the historical evolution of Marx’s concept of category, so as to objectively refute the above >immature< view. Althusser and Fromm hold opposite views on Marx’s concept of class. The former thinks that Marx’s early >ideological stage< involves >class< thought, while the latter >scientific< stage abandons >class< thought. Fromm thinks that there is only one humanistic Marx, and Marx’s concept of class has continuity. It is undeniable that Marx did use the philosophical terms with the color of Feuerbach’s >class concept<, and also highly valued the historical achievements of Feuerbach’s philosophy, but this does not lead to the conclusion that Marx’s class concept remained in the Feuerbach stage. Through the analysis of Marx’s concept of class and its formation process, this paper finds that although Marx’s concept of class has inherited and developed the terms related to Feuerbach’s concept of class, it has fundamentally gone beyond the basic connotation of Feuerbach’s concept of class, and has continued to deepen in Marx’s mature and late works. Therefore, the basic connotation of Marxist concept is not a mature concept, but it runs through Marxist philosophy. The study of Marx’s concept of class has two dimensions of theoretical and practical value. The theoretical dimension is conducive to maintaining the integrity of Marx’s philosophical thought and opposing the >class theory< of Marx’s thought. In the practical dimension, Marx’s concept of category provides philosophical basis for the construction of contemporary Chinese philosophy, the correct handling of the relationship between man and nature, and a community with a shared future for mankind. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turcotte, Pier-Luc A1 - Holmes, Dave T1 - The (dis)obedient occupational therapist: Areflection on dissent against disciplinary propaganda [O terapeuta ocupacional (des)obediente: uma reflexão dissidente contra apropaganda disciplinar] JF - Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, Vol. 29 (2021), pp. 1-22. [Online ISSN 2238-2860] [cadernosdeto.ufscar.br/index.php/cadernos/article/view/2924/1537] N2 - Introduction: Despite struggling to establish itself as an autonomous profession, occupational therapy remains extensively regulated and controlled by discursive authorities inside and outside the discipline. After overcoming the profession’s reformist ideals, the military governance that supported its rapid expansion morphed into civil institutions but both were based on similar grounds: occupational therapists should obey a strict set of rules while disobedience and dissent are consistently repressed or silenced. Objective: The objective of this article is to deconstruct dominant (consensual) discourses that shape the status quo in occupational therapy and envision alternative paths for the development of the discipline. Method: Drawing on the work of Erich Fromm and Jacques Rancière, we propose a (critical) theoretical analysis of the concepts of disobedience and dissensus as they apply to occupational therapists. Results: The concepts of disobedience (Fromm) and dissensus (Rancière) can be used to revisit the consensus shaped by discursive authorities inside and outside occupational therapy and expose the political nature of such processes. We argue that remaining oppressive forces similar to those of a warfare regime persist in regulating occupational therapy practice and knowledge by enacting a form of >disciplinary propaganda.< Rather than threatening the development of the discipline, disobedience and dissensus constitute critical responses to disrupt dominant discourses and give rise to healthier concepts. Conclusion: The use of politically charged terms such as disobedience or dissensus can be seen as controversial and unsettling for a profession like occupational therapy but we believe they are necessary for the future of our discipline. N2 - Introdução: Apesar de lutar para se estabelecer como uma profissão autônoma, a terapia ocupacional permanece amplamente regulamentada e controlada por autoridades discursivas dentro e fora da disciplina. Depois de superar os ideais reformistas da profissão, o governo militar, que apoiou sua rápida expansão, se transformou em instituições civis, mas ambos foram baseados em fundamentos semelhantes: os terapeutas ocupacionais devem obedecer a um conjunto estrito de regras enquanto a desobediência e a dissidência são consistentemente reprimidas ou silenciadas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é desconstruir os discursos dominantes (consensuais) que configuram o status quo na terapia ocupacional e vislumbrar caminhos alternativos para o desenvolvimento da disciplina. Método: Com base na obra de Erich Fromm e Jacques Rancière, propomos uma análise teórica (crítica) dos conceitos de desobediência e dissenso conforme se aplicam aos terapeutas ocupacionais. Resultados: Os conceitos de desobediência (Fromm) e dissenso (Rancière) podem ser usados para revisitar o consenso formado por autoridades discursivas dentro e fora da terapia ocupacional e expor a natureza política de tais processos. Argumentamos que as forças opressivas remanescentes semelhantes às de um regime de guerra persistem na regulamentação da prática e do conhecimento da terapia ocupacional por meio de uma forma de >propaganda disciplinar<. Em vez de ameaçar o desenvolvimento da disciplina, a desobediência e o dissenso constituem respostas críticas para interromper os discursos dominantes e dar origem a conceitos mais saudáveis. Conclusão: O uso de termos politicamente carregados, como desobediência ou dissenso, pode ser visto como controverso e inquietante para uma profissão como a terapia ocupacional, mas acreditamos que sejam necessários para o futuro de nossa disciplina. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sutikna, Nana A1 - et al., T1 - Heading Towards Autonomous and Dynamic Press Freedom in Indonesia JF - NVEO – National Volatiles and Essential Oils, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 2708-2717. N2 - Rather than being absolute, human freedom is relative because human situation and condition limits it. Also relative is press freedom. History of press in Indonesia recorded that press freedom is experienced once more by Indonesian people after the 1998 reform. At implementation level, there are numerous debates on the definition of freedom. This research attempts to analyze autonomous and dynamics press freedom in Indonesia as observed from Erich Fromm’s perspective. This research is a qualitative research on philosophical problem analyzed by means of historical-factual approach. Research result indicates that autonomous and dynamic press can be achieved through two actions. First, opposing the parties who prevent press from becoming themselves. Second, developing the >culture< of rationality, i.e. accustoming the press to develop their common sense to reach each of their realistic point. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sullivan, Gavin Brent T1 - Political Reactionism as Affective Practice: UKIP Supporters and Non‐Voters in Pre‐Brexit England JF - Politics and Governance, Vol. 9 (No. 3, 2021), pp. 260–273. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Skalovski, Denko T1 - Border Situations as Unchanging Human Situations (via Karl Jaspers, Erich Fromm & Noam Chomsky JF - Pannoniana, Vol 5, No. 1 (2021), pp. 163-183. [Online ISSN 2459-7465] [hrcak.srce.hr/en/file/402277] N2 - The first aim of this paper is to raise the interest in the works of three authors, Karl Jaspers, Erich Fromm, and Noam Chomsky. The second intention is to show and prove that despite being different in vocation, they essentially speak of the same social reality, regardless of the fact that they observe and reflect reality from different theoretical/scientific positions/aspects: philosophical, ethical/bioethical, anthropological, sociological, psychological, political, legal, economic, cultural, philological/linguistic, ideological. Despite certain differences, what brings them together spiritually/cognitively are the >diagnoses< of the diseased tissue of (post)modern civil society, as well as the assessments of the phenomenon of social/existential reality of our time. What unites them is the comprehensive humanism and care for the man and man’s psychosomatic health and their present and future life, at the time when civilization is on the verge of self-destruction. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Siebert, Rudolf J. ED - Byrd, Dustin J. T1 - Hegel and the Critical Theory of Religion, ed. by Dustin J. Byrd, Kalamazoo / Michigan (Ekpyrosis Press) 2021, 349 pp. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sandhu, Tarika T1 - Reinterpreting Psychoneurosis to Ascertain Mass Pathology in Civilized Society JF - Asian Research Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 2 (2021), pp. 1-7. [Print ISSN 2456-4761] [journalarjass.com/index.php/ARJASS/article/view/289/577] N2 - During the psychoanalytic discovery and investigation of Psychoneurosis, theoretical scaffoldings offered by Freudian theory were expansive and rich but still incomplete. Amongst the Neo-Freudians, Fromm began unearthing the psychopathology of the society under the heavy influence of Marx. Fromm remarked that the grown-up patient was not a child but an alienated adult who was seen as the neurotic. Feelings of inadequacy, worthlessness and inhibition occurred because the patient did not experience himself as the subject and originator of his own acts and experiences. Alienation had thus caused the neuroses to occur. Ushering in >spiritual liberation< along with complete change of the >economic social constellation< for Fromm were the necessary prerequisites before envisioning a cure of societal pathologies rooted in the contemporary mode of production. Freud on the other hand was skeptical about the application of psychoanalysis to civilization. He ringed in caution to the application of systems of knowledge developed at the individual level when projected to more global levels. Diagnosis of a >collective neurosis< would be tedious since no starting point associated with its development could emerge as the fixation point. Another hurdle that needed to be addressed according to Freud was that even if a substantial system of knowledge did take shape its implementation would be a herculean task. It would take great skill and courage to compel a community to become aware of its blind spots and become available to therapy. Thus, the growth and development of Psychoneurosis had charted a trajectory from the unexplored abysmal depths of the psyche to the more gross levels of societal productions. This paper attempts to establish links between the classic concept of Psychoneurosis and the larger gamut of modern-day society’s psychic reflections. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romanetto, Matheus T1 - Review K. Durkin and J. Braune (Eds.), Erich Fromm’s Critical Theory: Hope, Humanism, and the Future, New York (Bloomsbury Academic) 2020 JF - Thesis Eleven, Vol. 165, September 8, 2021, Sage Journals. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pinkas, Ronen T1 - Idolatry JF - Encyclopedia of Jewish-Christian Relations Online, edited by Martin Thurner, Peter Schäfer, Christoph Markschies, Amy-Jill Levine, Rainer Kampling and Walter Homolka. Berlin, Boston (De Gruyter) 2021, pp. 1-9. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pacquing, Ian Raymond T1 - Understand the Freirian Dyadic Relations from the Frommian Framework of Social Character JF - Philosophia: International Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 22, No. 2 (2021), pp. 205-217. [doi.org/10.46992/pijp.22.2.a.4] N2 - I argue in this paper that every society has its own >libidinal drives< that may or may not paralyze the capacity of individuals towards freedom. Fromm calls this the social character. Social character is the unconscious canalization of individual libidinal drives for the attainment of social objectives instituted by the dominant figures of society. I theorize that the Freirian dyadic alliance persists because of a dominant characterology permeated by the ruling authorities. The dynamics of social character structure not only eludes the oppressed conscious awareness, but it also actually strengthens the domination and control through the institutionalization of structural policies enacted and implemented by the oppressors. Hence, what Freire laments in the Pedagogy of the Oppressed is equalized and smoothen by how the marginalized and the downtrodden cling incessantly towards the oppressors. By depending upon the dominant ruling authorities, the oppressed find fulfillment and satisfaction, upon which they fortify the dyadic-symbiotic relations. This happens because of the dynamics of their character structure that caters to the instinctual drive to survive. The social character gives rise to the inner satisfaction of oppressed libidinous desires and needs, thus equalizing their own emotional needs. Furthermore, the very nature of their submissiveness is a character trait that unknowingly recanalizes their elementary needs in life. Hence, by understanding how the Frommian social character influences social behaviors the symbiotic element that cements the Freirian dyadic relation is unlocked. Through unraveling the dynamics of social characterology, the Freirian dyadic symbiosis ungrounds itself and eventually grasps why the majority of the poor and marginalized are motivated and find fulfillment therein as a matter of survival from controlling authorities. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Madsen, Ole Jacob T1 - The Pathology of Modernity JF - Deconstructing Scandinavia's >Achievement Generation<, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2021, pp. 19-39. [Online ISBN 978-3-030-72555-6] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72555-6_2] N2 - This chapter presents the psychological burden of living under modernity’s law of gravitation as the defining focus of much continental philosophy and social science. Most Western philosophers with any self-respect have their own diagnoses of present-day society, intended to capture the essence of living in modernity. Key thinkers such as Nietzsche, Marx, Durkheim, Weber, Freud, Adorno and Horkheimer, Fromm, Rieff, Eriksson and Mitscherlich gave their important contribution to individuation – the development of a unique self, socialization and subjectivation. Equally important is the question of failed individuation as these psychologists, sociologists and philosophers ask themselves whether modern man can manage without >God< and if the science-based Enlightenment’s promise of secular happiness would hold water. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Luo, Ding T1 - From Freud to Foucault – The Study of Oedipus Complex from A Triple Perspective, Master thesis, Art Theory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2021 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Oedipus complex is a key concept in psychoanalysis. It is related to the theory of sexual instinct within the system, the field of unconsciousness, the analysis of dreams, neurosis and other important categories, and has caused numerous disputes since its birth. In the past, the evaluation of Oedipus complex mainly focused on three aspects: one is that children depend on their mother rather than sexual desire for food and emotional needs; the other is the penile centralism and neglect of mother in Freud’s theory; the third is the universality of Oedipus complex. These controversies still follow the critical thinking of Malinowski and Fromm, but actually do not touch the core of Oedipus complex. Because the Oedipus complex in Freud’s view is essentially a concept about sex, and the successors of Lacan and other psychoanalytic schools have responded to these disputes by reinterpreting the Oedipus complex.– Therefore, this paper will focus on the initial definition of Oedipus complex and explore the original rationality of this concept. Freud first discovered the special relationship between early children and their parents when exploring the causes of neurosis. This relationship appears again frequently in typical dream cases and self-analysis. Therefore, Freud regarded this connection as a common phenomenon and applied it to clinical treatment and analysis. In addition to returning to the context in which Freud raised this issue, we also introduce Levi Strauss and Foucault’s theory of sex and gender from the perspective of triangular interpersonal structure and human gender differences to reflect on the bias of traditional interpretation of the concept of Oedipus complex. Specifically speaking: Freud believed that the sexual desire contained in Oedipus complex can only appear in the form of heterosexuality, that is, the first impulse of a child should be directed to the heterosexual side of the parents. According to Foucault’s analysis of the relationship between power and sex, sexual experience is produced rather than born with us. Therefore, in this sense, the concept of Oedipus complex constructed by Freud falls into the power. Furthermore, Freud limited the external manifestation of Oedipus complex to the family triangle in the general sense of experience. This kind of setting only pays attention to the interaction between kinship roles, and does not consider each role in the whole system. In Levi Strauss’s view, the deep structure of kinship is the uncle nephew relationship based on the premise of >incest taboo<, which includes four words: >brother-sister-father-son<. This >basic structure of kinship< is universal and stable in explaining all the facts of kinship. To sum up, this paper intends to analyze the heterosexual form and triangular relationship in Oedipus complex through Foucault’s theory of sexual experience and Levi Strauss’s theory of kinship structure. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jiarong, Lin T1 - The Exploration Into the Influence of Social Unconscious on the Individual Through Cyberpunk, Master of Fine Arts in Illustration, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts in Illustration), Fine Arts, Syracuse University, New York, USA 2021, 22 + 6 pp. [surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1583&context=thesis] [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the influence of the social unconscious on human beings in a future context. In psychoanalyst Erich Fromm's view, the social unconscious refers to Individuals who are afraid of being separated from the society they live in, they often adapt and distort their human needs to meet the requirements of our social system. However, with the strengthening of personality and self-awareness in our present society, how will the relationship between the social subconscious and people's self-awareness change in the future? This is the key issue of this thesis. In the first part, by studying the definition of the social unconscious and related works, this thesis tries to understand the root cause of the influence of the social unconscious and how it affects people's behavior and decision-making. In the second part, this thesis makes an in-depth study of Cyberpunk and objective imagery in related works, revealing that Cyberpunk is a projection of the real world, and clues for many problems in the real world can be found in the Cyberpunk world. In the third part, this thesis explores the changes in people's consciousness in the Cyberpunk world. Finally, this thesis concludes people will not be rid of the influence of the social unconscious whether in the real world or the future world. Even as people's self-awareness is constantly enhanced, self-awareness and social unconscious will always exist as contradictory to one another. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laskin, Alexander V. T1 - Symbiotic relations as the foundation of propaganda: Directions for future research JF - In Analysis, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2021), pp. 183-187. [Online ISSN 2542-3606] doi.org/10.1016/j.inan.2021.06.003] N2 - Context: Propaganda seems to be around us all the time, yet many people would find it difficult to provide a definition of propaganda. It becomes one of those words that are easy to use, but hard to define. Scholars have been writing on propaganda for centuries, yet the definition still remains illusive. Lay people simply call propaganda all communications they disagree with. Propaganda becomes brainwashing or, even worse, psychological warfare. Objectives: The article seeks to address this problem of identifying propaganda. Method: The article develops a theoretical argument by bringing a psychological and psychoanalytic work of Fromm into the real of communication sciences. Results: The author argues that propaganda is more than just a profanity for communication activities we disagree with. In fact, this essay suggests that propaganda is best understood through a psychoanalytical research on sadism and masochism by Fromm. Fromm using a biological concept of symbiosis explained sadism and masochism as a way of building symbiotic relations making an individual bigger than just oneself. Applying this theory to a society makes propagandist and propagandee not that different from a sadist and masochist, both gaining meaning for their lives through propaganda and becoming parts of something bigger. Propaganda's symbiotic relations rely on groupthink and participatory rhetoric focusing on building group cohesion and establishing >us versus them< mentality. Conclusion: The article concludes that propaganda's symbiotic relations work through groupthink and participatory rhetoric focusing on building group cohesion and establishing >us versus them< mentality. Propaganda removes an individual, focusing instead on many; propaganda eradicates individual's desires focusing instead on needs of the group; and propaganda draws sharp boundaries where own group ends and the enemy territory begins. Propaganda becomes an aggressive symbiosis aimed at its own survival and protection from the others. The study, building on this explicating of propaganda through symbiotic relations, proposes several areas for future research on propaganda to better understand its connection to psychology and psychoanalysis. N2 - Contexte: La propagande semble nous entourer, pourtant beaucoup de gens trouveraient difficile d’en fournir une définition. Elle fait partie de ces mots faciles à utiliser, mais difficiles à définir. Les universitaires écrivent sur la propagande depuis des siècles, mais sa définition reste illusoire. Les profanes appellent simplement propagande toutes les communications avec lesquelles ils ne sont pas d’accord. La propagande devient un lavage de cerveau ou, pire encore, une guerre psychologique. Objectifs: L’article cherche à répondre à ce problème d’identification de la propagande. Méthode: L’article développe un argument théorique en faisant dialoguer l’œuvre psychologique et psychanalytique de Fromm avec le réel des sciences de la communication. Résultats: L’auteur soutient que la propagande est plus qu’un simple blasphème pour désigner des activités de communication avec lesquelles nous sommes en désaccord. En fait, cet essai suggère que la propagande peut mieux se comprendre grâce aux recherche psychanalytique de Fromm sur le sadisme et le masochisme. Fromm, à l’aide d’un concept biologique de symbiose, a expliqué le sadisme et le masochisme comme une façon de construire des relations symbiotiques, ce qui rend dans la relation un individu plus grand que ce qu’il n’est. En appliquant cette théorie à une société, l’agent de propagande et celui qui en est destinataire ne sont pas si différents d’un sadique et d’un masochiste, tous deux donnant un sens à leur vie grâce à la propagande et faisant partie de quelque chose de plus grand. Les relations symbiotiques de la propagande reposent sur la pensée de groupe et la rhétorique participative, qui visent à renforcer la cohésion du groupe et à établir une mentalité du >nous contre eux<. Conclusion: L’article conclut que les relations symbiotiques de la propagande fonctionnent par le biais de la pensée de groupe et de la rhétorique participative axées sur la cohésion du groupe et l’établissement d’une mentalité du >nous contre eux<. La propagande supprime l’individu pour se concentrer sur le plus grand nombre ; la propagande éradique les désirs de l’individu pour se concentrer sur les besoins du groupe ; et la propagande trace des frontières nettes entre le groupe et le territoire ennemi. La propagande devient une symbiose agressive visant à sa propre survie et à sa protection contre les autres. Ce travail, s’appuyant sur cette explication de la propagande par les relations symbiotiques, propose plusieurs domaines de recherche future sur la propagande afin de mieux comprendre son lien avec la psychologie et la psychanalyse. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kozlarek, Oliver T1 - From the humanism of critical theory to critical humanism JF - European Journal of Social Theory, Vol. 24, No. 2 (2021), pp. 246-263. [Online ISSN 1461-7137] [doi.org/10.1177/1368431020960958] N2 - Following Max Horkheimer, I will first attempt to reconstruct an anthropology that essentially wants to be understood as critical social research. I will then pursue the question of humanism in critical theory. In doing so, I want to show that a reference to a normatively substantive humanism does actually exist in critical theory. On the other hand, I want to show that this humanism is anything but unambiguously and systematically formulated but has been reflected and articulated differently by different representatives of critical theory. The two examples I will refer to here are Theodor W. Adorno and Erich Fromm. I will define Adorno’s humanism as ‘dialectical humanism’, whereas Fromm’s humanism could be described as ‘emphatic humanism’. My reading, however, attempts to interrogate the two positions as to their complementarity. Not ‘Adorno or Fromm’, but ‘Adorno and Fromm’ is the motto that guides me. Finally, I will relate this complementary reading of both approaches in such a way that the possibility of a ‘Critical Humanism’ can be derived from it, which above all also wants to be understood as a sociological research program. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kołakowski, Marcin T1 - Low-Tech – Freedom, Creativity & Love. Translating Erich Fromm’s Psychoanalysis into Analyses of Architecture JF - UOU Scientific Journal, No. 1, (2021), pp. 114-131. [Print ISSN 2697-1518] [doi.org/10.14198/UOU.2021.1.10] N2 - An attempt to understand the idea of >commons< in architecture requires analytical tools and a narrative which will refer to >common values<. Yet the era of Postmodernism taught us mainly the relativism of multitudes of values, standards and paradigms. It made us used to >it all depends< approach. Many popular methods of describing architecture are based on analysing it in a historical or cultural context. This paper, however, proposes a perspective that refers to human needs which have arguably been universal for all the people in all historical periods in all cultures. This perspective could be useful particularly while dealing with big contemporary issues of >commons< in architecture – togetherness, ecology, common places and agendas. This paper proposes a framework based on the school of >positive psychology< and in particular on the unappreciated father of the Frankfurt School and critical theory – Erich Fromm who worked all his life on his comprehensive >theory of needs<. This paper proposes translating the concepts of this theory into architectural analyses and narrative. If we are to understand the essence of >commons<, we need to refer to people’s common needs. These are the key concepts of Fromm’s model. This paper is structured around what Fromm described as three basic, common needs: freedom, creativity and love. The analysis of low-tech movement will serve as an example illustrating how the lens of Erich Fromm’s theory allows better understanding of this phenomenon. The objective of this paper is to propose a new definition and narrative of the low-tech movement which will be based on a psychological framework. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khandizaji, Amirhosein A1 - Caputi, Mary T1 - Erich Fromm, the Mentor JF - David Riesman and Critical Theory. Autonomy Instead of Emancipation, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2021, pp. 39-64. [Online ISBN] 978-3-030-78869-8] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78869-8_2] N2 - In the previous chapter, we examined numerous aspects of postwar American society that came into play in Riesman’s formulation of autonomy. Many factors carry weight when we consider what inspired him to write >The Lonely Crowd< and to offer his insightful analysis of conformity’s malaise. Among those who influenced Riesman intellectually, there can be little doubt that Erich Fromm played a major role. Although Riesman never accepted Fromm’s pessimistic view and radical approach to modernity in the West, we clearly see the impact of Fromm on Riesman’s ideas about social character, conformity, and especially autonomy. Thus, in order to better understand Riesman we must take a look at Fromm’s theories especially in some of his early books. Here we find several core ideas that heavily impacted Riesman’s theory of autonomy. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jenkins, Danisha A1 - et al., T1 - (Re)defining nursing leadership: On the importance of >parrhèsia< and subversion JF - Journal of Nursing Management, Vol. 30, No. 7 (2021), pp. 2147-2153. [Print ISSN 0966-0429] [doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13520] N2 - Aim: Through a review of philosophical and theoretical constructs, this paper offers insight and guidance as to ways in which nurse leaders may operationalize advocacy and an adherence to nursing's core ethical values. Background: The US health care system works in opposition to core nursing values. Nurse leaders are obliged to advocate for the preservation of ethical care delivery. Evaluation: This paper draws upon the philosophies of Fromm, Foucault, and Deleuze and Guattari to critically review the functions of nurse leaders within a capitalist paradigm. Key issue: Key emergent issues in the paper include health care and capitalism and the nurse leader's obligations towards advocacy. Conclusion: The nurse leader acts as parrhèsia in viewing truth telling as a duty critical to improving the lives of patients. Ramifications of the decisions by those in power have even greater impact in institutions that serve those with little to no political agency. Implications for Nursing Management: The nurse leader has a freedom and platform that their patients do not and must take the courageous risk of choosing to speak. This paper serves as a call to action for nurse leaders to urgently address the current state of US health outcomes. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hietalahti, Jarno T1 - Review Durkin, K., and Braune, J. (Eds.): Erich Fromm’s Critical Theory: Hope, Humanism, and the Future: Erich Fromm's Hopeful Humanism JF - Radical Philosophy Review, Vol. 24, No. 1 (2021), pp. 101-104. [Online ISSN 1569-1659] [doi.org/10.5840/radphilrev20212416] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eroğul, Cem T1 - Chapter III: Culture JF - Marxism and the Individual, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2021, pp. 133-212. [Online ISBN 978-3-030-83662-7] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83662-7] N2 - The third chapter deals with the cultural environment of humanity. It exposes its nature and stresses its fundamental historicity. It elaborates particularly on the location of cultures, stressing that culture not only constitutes our environment but it also inhabits us. The chapter underlines the crucial role played by mediations in the incessant transformations taking place between individuals and society. The role played by class position and the problem of predictability of individual actions and social development is touched upon in this context. The chapter outlines also the driving lines of evolution resulting in the society/individual couple as we know it. Finally this chapter offers a Marxist appreciation of some very important authors: George H. Mead, Karen Horney, Harry S. Sullivan, John Bowlby, Erich Fromm, Pierre Bourdieu, and the cultural psychology approach. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dedousis, Konstantinos T1 - Doping as a Manifestation of a Narcissistic Civilization JF - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, Vol. 15, No. 1 (2021), pp. 88-102. [ Online ISSN: 1751-133X] [doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2019.1638960] N2 - Over every and each sport event, a dark veil spreads and obfuscates the celebration: doping. Although anti-doping policies have been widely applied, controlling and diminishing this phenomenon has not been achieved yet and the use of doping is commonplace. In this article, I propose the concept of narcissistic civilization as a tool to interpret this phenomenon. I seek for a parallel reading between the Freudian idea of narcissism and its extension to social narcissism by Fromm, together with Heidegger’s analysis of technology, keeping in mind that doping is a technological application. In this way I point out that both theories share a common view in that humans tend to fail in the distinction between the external reality as an object and their own self as the interpreter that is between the >I< and the >not I<. By making this fusion of the two theories that originate from different intellectual traditions, I aspire to provide an interpretation tool for the broad use of doping: I conclude that doping can be understood with the assumption of a narcissistic civilization, focused on technology that calls for the use of PEDs. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cortina, Mauricio T1 - Freedom and its Perversions, Lecture given in 2021. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carney, John C. T1 - Deciphering Crypto-fascism JF - Philosophy and Global Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2021), pp. 209-224. [Online ISSN 2692-790X] [doi.org/10.5840/pga20219108] N2 - Fascism is a virulent historical social pathology that presents itself as a political ideology or a component of general ideology. It is historical in a double sense. It is actualized at specific times and places. It is also, a recurring feature of history itself. Crypto-fascism is the manipulation of the ambiguity of language for the purpose of fascistic actualization. Crypto-fascism is often an early >tell< or warning of the presence of more widespread fascism. There have been several powerful and deep studies of fascism and its co-optation of the ambiguity of language. Two of these approaches are of particular importance. In both instances fascism is addressed as a potentiality or susceptibility tied to the human condition per se. The first is Freudian and the second is existential. These approaches both meet the historical criteria noted above. In this essay I follow the work of Erich Fromm and Jean-Paul Sartre to understand the ground of fascism and its crypto variant. Camouflage is the hallmark of crypto-fascism, and it is exactly this that Fromm’s analysis and that of Sartre discloses. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bziker, Ousama T1 - Re-visiting The History of Consumerism: The Emergence of Mass Consumer Culture as a Distinctive Feature of Capitalist Societies JF - International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, Vol. 4, No. 10 (2021), pp. 159-162. [ISSN: 2617-0299 (Online); ISSN: 2708-0099 (Print)] N2 - The Frankfurt School was the first school to discern the roles of the media in shaping human thought, influencing politics, and increasing the insatiable demand of consumers in capitalist societies. The analysis brought to the fore by Adorno and Horkheimer regarding the >Culture Industry< illustrated a model of media as tools of hegemony and social control advanced by Walter Benjamin, Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, and Jürgen Habermas. The School also examined the repercussions of mass culture and the rise of the consumer society on the proletariat that was aimed to be the instrument of revolution in the classical Marxian scenario. Another thing that was analyzed is how the culture industries and consumer society were considered as stabilizing forces of contemporary capitalism. Therefore, they were among the first to see the expansion of communication and mass media roles in politics, socialization and social life, culture, and the construction of docile subjects as Foucault puts it. In the present article, I review the contributions to media and social theory advanced by the Frankfurt School. The integration of psychoanalysis, aesthetic theory and the critique of mass culture, and the critique of the Enlightenment are the main components discussed in the present article. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barratt, Barnaby B. T1 - Reassessing Wilhelm Reich’s Mass Psychology: Libidinality, Authoritarianism and the Rise of Fascism JF - Philosophy and Global Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 2 (2021), pp. 179-208. [doi.org/10.5840/pga202192119] N2 - Explanations for the contemporary rise of fascistic attitudes and activism solely in terms of historical, political, and socioeconomic determinants, because they tend to assume the individual is a >rational actor< , are often limited in their capacity to account for the significance of individual enchantment with, and passion for, authoritarian movements. The article argues for the urgent need for greater understanding of the psychodynamic allure of fascist and authoritarian politics. In this context, Wilhelm Reich’s 1933 essay, >The Mass Psychology of Fascism<, is reassessed. It is suggested that he presents a valid and profoundly significant thesis when he points to the connections among the attraction and ardor for fascism, societal oppression of sexuality, and the individual’s libidinal inhibitions, conflicts, and frustrations. But his essay needs substantial correction and modification in three respects: (1) His ideas about >natural sexuality<; (2) his assumptions about matriarchal bliss; and (3) his pervasive heteronormativity or homophobia. The critique of these three aspects is primarily theoretical but also touches on Reich’s life history to the extent that it contextualizes his blind spots. Finally, it is suggested that, in subsequent psychoanalytic writings on the dynamics of authoritarianism and the rise of fascism (from Theodor Adorno and Erich Fromm, to Christina Wieland and Jonathan Sklar), far too little attention has been paid to the libidinal underpinnings of these phenomena, to which Reich’s thesis should draw our attention. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barbiero, Giuseppe A1 - Berto, Rita T1 - Biophilia as Evolutionary Adaptation: An Onto- and Phylogenetic Framework for Biophilic Design JF - Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 12 (2021), pp. 1-13. [Online ISSN 1664 1078] [doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.700709] N2 - Biophilia is a human personality trait described initially by Erich Fromm and later by E.O. Wilson, both of whom agree that biophilia has a biological basis and that it is fundamental to develop harmonious relationships between humans and the biosphere. This review aims at establishing a definition of biophilia as an evolutionary process. To this end, the most significant studies of evolutionary psychology were considered, to outline the fundamental characteristics of a hypothetical biophilic temperament/personality and to reconstruct a plausible history of biophilia as an evolutionary process. This process considers different typologies of Nature (wilderness, rural, and urban) and human cultures (Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Burg) and leads us to consider environmental preference and psycho-physiological recovery in relation to the threshold of time spent in contact with Nature. Unfortunately, modern people, especially children, lack direct and frequent contact with Nature and this can have negative consequences on their physical and mental health. Biophilic design, considering the evolutionary roots of this architectural approach, is an effective way of planning/designing interior and urban environments to stimulate the innate biophilia of the individual. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bao, Wei T1 - A Study of Chinese Urban Poetry in the Post-1990s from the Perspective of Comparative Literature, Doctoral dissertation, Chinese Literature, Inner Mongolian University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China 2021 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Since the 1990s, urban literature has risen and become the most important literary landscape. As an important part of urban literature, urban poetry has been gradually developing in the middle and late 1980s. With its constantly spring-up, the research on urban poetry has gradually increased. In the early days, most of the research and discussion of related concepts. After the 1990s, along with the introduction of Western urban poetry theories, urban poetry research showed a diversified research trend as well as achieved a fruitful result. The Chinese cities after the 1990 s have striking similarities with Baudelaire’s Paris described by Benjamin. Therefore, based on the texts of Chinese urban poetry after the 1990s and took reference of Western multidisciplinary urban studies, this thesis analyzes the writing of urban poetry in this period and its modern urban consciousness in a comparative perspective, and demonstrates the urban development and human spiritual dilemma of universal significance in the process of urbanization. The first chapter of the thesis mainly analyzes the urban landscape as imagery. Based on the research ideas of Roland Bart’s semiotics and Kevin Lynch’s urban planning, it draws and studies the formal characteristics and semantic structure in Chinese urban poetry after the 1990 s, which applied the related concepts and methods of urban space theory and architectural phenomenology, using basic units such as city streets, nodes, landmarks to combine urban architecture and the space. Dense streets are a typical feature of urban space, which also present the most authentic people’s life. In poetry, abstract and conceptual streets often symbol the urban space, representing fastness or congestion. The specific streets with clear directivity become the memory carrier or the emotional projection in the poet’s narration. The constantly demolished old streets are regarded as the epitome of urban culture. Typical urban nodes are like squares with the nature of gathering points as well as railways and stations with the nature of connecting points. The connotation of city squares in poetry has gone from a space with rich political accommodation or ideal accommodation to a huge public entertainment function. The urban railway is not only a symbol of modern civilization, but also a metaphor of time, and a symbol of the ideal love of urban people. The station with a strong spirit is not only a place for strangers and nostalgia, but also the maternal symbol of the initiator of era and nurturing new life. As the symbol and unique characteristic of a city, tall buildings transcend reality and enters the imaginary level in poets’ writing from symbolizing power and rebirth to squeezing, siege and becoming an ancient behemoth. To get rid of the invisible majesty and pressure brought by the shape of tall buildings, poets choose to take the top or glass windows, curtain walls of tall buildings to determine their position and perceive the shape of the city. The second chapter shows the modern crowds wandering in the city. It divides into three types, i. e. wanderers, aliens and margins, defined by Benjamin, Simmel, and Robert Parker on the role of urban people combining the poet’s subjective life experience, urban vision, and self-identity. Wanders are further divided into wandering meditators, lonely garbage pickers, and angry critics. Wandering meditators walk through the streets to achieve a complex relationship among the city and urban people; lonely garbage pickers observe the people and objects in the city as a >garbage picker< in Baudelaire’s pen to collect his own poetry; angry critics take the angle to stand on the opposite side of the city, revealing the deformed development of the city in a manner that is incompatible with the city, and the ecological crisis and human survival crisis. There are two types of aliens. Some of them can >dwells on this earth poetically< in the city. They eagerly present and examine the city’s unique mundane feelings with their own original vision and take a proactive attitude toward the city. Another part are people ran back and forth between the countryside and the city. They were >dual-aliens< between the countryside and the city. Marginal people mainly include those who have a real-world marginal situation and those who have a >self-marginal< mentality. The marginalized people with realistic marginal situations often have rural growth backgrounds, and most of them still live in small towns. By showing the urban life and living conditions of urban fringe people, they express the filth and greatness, lofty and despicableness of the city on the one hand, and on the other hand the aspect also completed the identification of the marginal identity of the self, and realized the comfort and salvation of the self. Although marginalized people with a self-marginal mentality live in cities, they all have long or short experiences in rural life. They are particularly aware of the sadness, bitterness, and heaviness of life. They express the hidden worries and sorrows in the process of urban modernization by writing about the lives of people on the periphery of the city. The third chapter presents the alienated modern urban spirit. It takes on Simmel’s sociological theory, Fromm’s theory of human nature, and Jungian personality analysis psychology to illustrate the alienated urban spirit in modern cities. Modern cities continue to throw people into new experiences, new environments, and new crowds. When these new stimuli make city people feeling the threat, they will use their rationality and then produces indifferent. Indifference makes people form reserved interpersonal relationships. Indifferent individuals are forced to enter various relationships, so personality masks are caused and lead to constant splits in personality. Finally, indifferent modern people seek psychological balance, occasionally reveals his sincere emotions, creating a stranger’s emotional penetration. The biggest impact of indifference on modern urbanites is to make individuals suffer from loneliness. The loneliness with multiple faces has become a common mental state of modern people. It originated from the poet’s attitude of self-estrangement and the decline of the physical home (country) and the nowhere to put the spiritual home in the process of urbanization. Facing loneliness, different poets have different attitudes, which reflect the different moods of the poets. In addition, the rise of a consumer society, the expansion of material desires, and the pressure of survival forced poets to change their attitude towards commodities and strive to approach poetry in the material flood. The objects of modern civilization will gradually be degenerated with the passage of time and the changing environments. The meaning and value of money will continue to collapse, and people will never be able to achieve a poetic dwelling. Finally, the expansion of body desires is a typical symptom of modern society. Cities are full of erotic desires, and sexual desire has become the >top priority< of modern society. Herein, love is no longer a pure spiritual pursuit, but a vain term tied to material needs and even equates to prostitution. He inspires individual passions and desires, and at the same time turns individuals into puppets controlled by passions and desires. [Translation: www. cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alexander, Jeffrey C. T1 - The prescience and paradox of Erich Fromm: A note on the performative contradictions of critical theory JF - Thesis Eleven, Vol. 165, No. 1 (2021), pp. 3-9. [Online ISSN 1461-7455] [doi.org/10.1177/07255136211032830] N2 - As social theorists seek to understand the contemporary challenges of radical populism, we would do well to reconsider the febrile insights of the psychoanalytic social theorist Erich Fromm. It was Fromm who, at the beginning of the 1930s, conceptualized the emotional and sociological roots of a new ‘authoritarian character’ who was meek in the face of great power above and ruthless to the powerless below. It was Fromm, in the 1950s, who argued that societies, not only individuals, could be sick. This essay traces the intertwining of psychoanalytic and sociological methods that allowed Fromm to create such new ideas. At the same time, it highlights how Fromm’s sociology was hampered by an economistic Marxist approach to the institutions and culture of democratic capitalist societies. Such theoretical restriction prevented Fromm from conceptualizing how institutions like democracy, science, and psychotherapy can provide resources for widespread emotional recuperation and civil repair. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ailon, Galit T1 - Profit, Self, and Agency: A Reevaluation JF - Critical Sociology, Vol. 48, No. 2 (2021), pp. 251-264. [Online ISSN 1569-1632] [doi.org/10.1177/08969205211002250] N2 - In 1939, Erich Fromm argued that capitalist culture imbues the pursuit of economic advantage with moral tensions that harm self and psyche. Since this time, the inner implications of such tensions have been somewhat overlooked by theorists, and not without seemingly good reasons. By many accounts, social and technological developments in the later decades of the 20th century have ostensibly reduced the cultural tensions surrounding profit making and mitigated their inner effects. This article, however, presents a different account. Drawing from literature on culture, self, and subjectivity in the neoliberal era, it argues that the tensions Fromm identified have actually been recreated in new, sometimes more elusive ways that bear substantial inner costs. Moreover, focusing on economic elites, this article analytically explores the agentic implications of these inner costs. It argues that the moral tensions that haunt profit making ironically stand at the basis of capitalist agency, shaping its materialistic default through processes rooted in self. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ahmadi, Anas T1 - Musashi: Takezo the Ronin, Aggression, and Erich Fromm's Psychological Perspective JF - Izumi – Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Budaya Jepang, Vol. 10, No. 1 (2021), pp. 11-20. [doi.org/10.14710/izumi.10.1.11-20] N2 - This study explores the character of Takezo the ronin in Musashi by Eiji Yoshikawa through the psychological perspective of aggression. This research specifically aims to (a) explore Takezo's psychology of aggression as a ronin and (b) the impact of Takezo's aggression on others. The approaches used in this research are the psychology of literacy and the psychology of aggression. The method used is qualitative; it uses data exposure and interpretation. The data source is the novel Musashi by Eiji Yoshikawa (translated version in Indonesian). The data used is in the form of text that is relevant to Takezo's psychology of aggression. The data analysis techniques are carried out in five stages, (1) identifying data related to Takezo's psychology of aggression, (2) data classification related to Takezo's psychology of aggression, (3) data presentation related to Takezo's psychology of aggression, and (4) summarizing data related to Takezo's psychology of aggression. The results showed that Takezo's aggressions are represented in the form of thoughts and behaviour. Takezo's aggressive thoughts are wanting to defeat and kill his enemies. Takezo's aggressive behaviour is killing his enemies, who are samurai. Takezo's aggressions cause the impact of physical category, and they are death and disability on the defeated samurai. Besides, in the psychological category, Takezo's aggressions cause fear and hatred in society. It is concluded that Takezo represents ronin, which desires destructive aggression that has a physical and psychological impact on others. [Author's English version] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Yeqin T1 - An Analysis of >Play It as It Lays< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Alienation Theory [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Overseas English [海外英语], No. 8 (2021), pp. 233-235. N2 - Joan Didion is an outstanding female writer who has achieved a distinctive position in contemporary literature. Her second novel, >Play It as It Lays<, is nominated for a National Book Award. Set in Hollywood and Las Vegas, it presents the alienated world through exquisite description of its protagonist Maria. Based on Erich Fromm’s Alienation Theory, this essay attempts to analyze the alienation in the novel from two aspects: first, the novel’s materialistic environment in the 1960s; second, the alienated relationship between spouses as well as between parents and children. [English translation: www.cnki.net, 5/2021] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Töpfer, Nils F. T1 - >Where does it come from?<: A call for explicating implicit theories of interpretive and supervisory techniques in psychoanalytic supervision JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 1, 2021), pp. 046-055. N2 - The knowledge culture of psychoanalysis relies heavily on the practical wisdom of competent psychoanalytic clinicians. In order to become competent analysts, analysts in training should not content themselves with trusting in their supervisors’ intuition and expertise. There is a need for supervisors and supervisees to explicate implicit theories of interpretive and supervisory techniques in psychoanalytic supervision by raising the question >Where does it come from?< with regard to three too often neglected issues. First, both the supervisor and the analyst in training should actively and constantly try to make transparent the process of contextualization, that is, the methodology of inferring latent meaning from manifest content through privileging certain pieces of information over others. Second, it should become an ongoing task in supervision that concrete (recommendations about) technical interventions are embedded in and reflect the application of a particular theory of technique. This facilitates an understanding that goes beyond the interpretation in a concrete situation and helps to generalize learning into a gradually expanding, integrated technical framework. Third, we should reflect and explicate the (predominant) supervisory approaches we are using in order to remain flexible with regard to both supervisory material and ways of reacting to it. Discussing these issues will enable analysts in training to develop their own psychoanalytic identity and integrated frame of reference for their practice that they critically and deliberately reflect upon and actively acquire rather than passively and seemingly intuitively absorb and adopt. Examples for illustrating the explication of theories of interpretive and supervisory techniques are provided. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stefana, Alberto A1 - et al., T1 - Where is psychoanalysis today? Sixty-two psychoanalysts share their subjective perspectives on the state of the art of psychoanalysis: A qualitative thematic analysis JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 4, 2021), pp. 234-246. N2 - Today it is still necessary and useful to deal with the empirical foundations and cultural dimensions of a discipline such as psychoanalysis that has played a vital role in shaping the contemporary world, on both sociocultural and clinical levels. This study aimed to describe and summarize the perspectives of experienced psychoanalysts on important aspects of psychoanalysis today. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 62 psychoanalysts. The interview data were processed using a theory-informed thematic analysis. There were 12 macro-themes: important aspects of psychoanalysis, important authors in psychoanalysis today, >contemporary psychoanalysis,< the proliferation of psychoanalytic >schools,< psychoanalytic identity and psychotherapy, psychoanalytic training, the Oedipus complex, dreams, the relationship between psychoanalytic theory and outcome and process research, the relationship between psychoanalysis and research in the neurosciences, empirically validated psychoanalytic concepts, and the marginalization of psychoanalysis. Our study revealed the image of a pluralistic psychoanalysis that the participants interviewed show they have, with various schools/definitions/sources, where Freud and the classical model are contested by numerous other approaches. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sletvold, Jon T1 - A new language for traumatic experience: From dissociation–enactment to the fracturing of embodied wholeness JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 3, 2021), pp. 149-155. N2 - When viewed from the vantage point of embodiment, the psychoanalytic understanding of traumatic experience is transformed. In this article, a new language is proposed that describes traumatic experience as disturbances in the flow of an individual’s effortless, unconscious focusing on oneself (>I<), the other or others (>you<), on oneself as connected to others (>we<), and on all that involves the nonhuman surround (>world<). From this perspective, developmental and late-onset trauma models are seen as overlapping rather than competing. The authors support their proposal by drawing on self psychology, relational theory, and the Boston Change Process Study Group and offer illustrative clinical material. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sjödin, Christer T1 - Presence and continuity: 30 years with the International Forum of Psychoanalysis JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 4, 2021), pp. 198-200. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarzer, Nicola-Hans A1 - et al., T1 - Mentalizing and emotion regulation: Evidence from a nonclinical sample JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 1, 2021), pp. 034-045 N2 - Theoretical conceptualizations of mentalizing postulate a close relationship between the ability to mentalize and the regulation of emotional states. The former is viewed as a key process to modulate the latter, with the origins of the link between the two established in early attachment relationships. However, there is a lack of research testing this association empirically. In the present cross-sectional study, the hypothesis of a positive relationship between the two constructs was tested based on data collected on more than 500 nonclinical adult participants. Various self-assessments and an experimentally derived instrument of mentalizing were employed to this end. Correlational analyses confirmed the expected associations between emotion regulation and mentalizing. In addition, regression models showed that adaptive as well as maladaptive emotion regulation, independent of age, gender, and native language, could be predicted only by self-focused mentalizing. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sauka, Anne T1 - Life in Process: The Lived-Body Ethics for Future (with a summary in Latvian: Dzīvība procesā: miesiskās patības ētika nākotnei, pp. 181-183) JF - Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti, Vol. 28, pp. 154-183. N2 - The article explores the concept of >life< via processual ontology, contrasting the approaches of substance and processual ontologies, and investigates the link between ontological assumptions and sociopolitical discourses, stating that the predominant substance ontologies also promote an objectifying and anthropocentric framework in sociopolitical discourses and ethical approaches. Arguing for a necessary shift in the ontological conceptualization of life to enable environmentally-minded ethics for the future, the article explores the tie between the sociopolitical discourses embedded in a worldview that is grounded in substance ontology and ethical frameworks. Whilst affirming this tie, this study also explicates the limitations and potential feasibility of a processual understanding of life, in the context of the existential disposition of the self-alienated lived-body self that is ontologically predisposed to objectification as a necessary pre-condition to human self-awareness. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sakurai, Takamichi T1 - The Socio-Theoretical Relevance of Erich Fromm's Psychoanalytic Conception of Narcissism: Towards a Frommian Critical Social Theory of Narcissism JF - Theoria, Vol. 68, No. 166, pp. 1-30. N2 - This article methodologically explores Erich Fromm’s theory of narcissism in socio-theoretical terms while referring to his theory of alienation. It thereby portrays the foundations of an analytical method of far-right politics in the context of capitalism and demonstrates that malignant narcissism touches off fascism without regard to authoritarianism. Essentially, the Freudian psychoanalytic concept of narcissism lies in Fromm’s social theory. However, it is possible to discern the theoretical essence of his social theory characteristically in his conception of alienation. By focusing on this theoretical concern, I argue that in Fromm’s social theory the concept of narcissism works on a socio-pathological level, particularly in the way in which it synchronizes with alienation, a social phenomenon that fulfils its important functions in conjunction with the marketing orientation under the conditions of a market society, and therefore that the concept plays an overriding role in his theory of alienation. I conclude that the relevance of a Frommian critical social theory of narcissism for our society is best showcased by the concept of postfascism. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Review of Leisinger, K. M., The Art of Leading JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 25 / 2021, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 152-154. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e25/2021j Y1 - 2021 VL - e25/2021j ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romanetto, Matheus T1 - What lies beyond psychoanalysis? Fromm and Marcuse after the Dissent debate, Tuebingen 20212, Typescript 48 pp. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Röhricht, Frank T1 - Psychoanalysis and body psychotherapy: An exploration of their relational and embodied common ground JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 3, 2021), pp. 178-190. N2 - Working therapeutically with and through embodiment is a topical issue in the psychoanalytic literature. Vice versa, body psychotherapy is deeply rooted in psychoanalytic theory and practice. This paper will explore corresponding themes, historic developments, and recent literature with reference to their actual and potential mutual influences, aiming to demonstrate: (1) that contemporary body psychotherapy practice continues to be informed and influenced by psychoanalytic theory, in particular the relational emphasis in psychoanalysis; and (2) that psychoanalytic psychotherapy, in turn, can be enriched and furthered while utilizing the theoretical paradigm of embodiment and body-oriented, experiential intervention strategies developed in body psychotherapy. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pinkas, Ronen T1 - >Der Sabbat< as a Point of Reference for Evaluating Erich Fromm’s Approach to Jewish Law: A Prelude to Fromm’s Contribution to Modern Jewish Thought JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 25 / 2021, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 019-041. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e25/2021d Y1 - 2021 VL - e25/2021d ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Piccini, Ornella T1 - The mother’s body, the role of pleasure in the mother–infant relationship, and the traumatic risk JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 3, 2021), pp. 129-138. N2 - In this paper, I wish to talk about the process of becoming a mother, with particular attention to the role of the mother's bodily experience, during pregnancy and childbirth, in developing maternal competencies. Studies on neurophysiological mother–infant interaction allow us to focus on a series of specific bodily based processes that support their relationship in order to guarantee the establishment of a secure attachment. The experience of pregnancy and childbirth, through the body, reactivates the somatic memories of the woman, with the possibility of a re-enactment of traumatic experiences on the one hand, but also with the possibility of a transformation and an integration of these experiences through physiological, biological, psychological processes characteristic of motherhood. Neurophysiological processes related to bodily pleasure can make the difference. The literature at hand describes a post-traumatic stress disorder in women due to the conditions of giving birth, with particular attention to women with a history of sexual abuse during childhood. We should ask ourselves exactly how psychoanalysis considers this new emergent issue and how it should reconsider the role of the mother's body. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perperidis, John T1 - Psychoanalysis and Marxism: Fromm and Marcuse’s debate over the intermediation between basis and superstructure; paper published with Academia.edu, 2021, 4 pp. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pereira Mendes, Eliana Rodrigues T1 - The 30 years of the International Forum of Psychoanalysis JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 4, 2021), pp. 210-211. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omelchenko, Nikolai T1 - An Anthropological Interpretation of Sin JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 25 / 2021, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 106-114. N2 - The paper deals with the problem of the source of human sinfulness. In this connection, James G. Frazer’s and Erich Fromm’s conceptions are considered. The author believes the sinfulness of humans is ultimately in their mortality. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e25/2021i Y1 - 2021 VL - e25/2021i ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mucci, Clara T1 - Intersubjectivity and psychopathology: Borderline and psychosomatic bodies >at the mind’s limits< JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 3, 2021), pp. 156-166. N2 - The body is the essential go-between between selfhood and otherness, and the site of the implicit traces of intersubjectivity that have marked the brain as well as the body. The body is also the depository of epigenetically implicit traces, sorts of implicit working models. The body is finally the site of the un/conscious, in the sense of implicit memory, something that is not conscious but guides implicitly, namely without our full awareness, behaviors, motivations, feelings, and responses. In psychopathology, only interpersonal traumatizations or >trauma of human agency< in its three levels causes dissociation in humans. At the mind’s limits, the body/mind disconnection that characterizes psychopathology, as in borderline personality disorders, is also evident in psychosomatic disorders, where the circuit between what the body feels, what the mind registers, and what the subject can name or is able to express verbally is disconnected and, as a result, bodily symptoms come forth in order to name the emotional pain. While hysterical symptoms still retain a symbolic root suitable for interpretation (retaining a metaphoric link between mind and body), psychomatic disorders show that the connection between body and mind has been severed and the symptoms speak >at the mind’s limits.< Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - McLaughlin, Neil T1 - The Jordan Peterson Phenomena: Why Fromm’s ideas and public intellectual vision is essential for responding to reactionary populism JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 25 / 2021, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 074-089. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e25/2021g Y1 - 2021 VL - e25/2021g ER - TY - JOUR A1 - May, Ulrike T1 - Do we need to change our image of Freud?: Reflections on Kurt R. Eissler’s interviews in the Freud Archives of the Library of Congress JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 1, 2021), pp. 003-008. N2 - A short survey is given of the digitization of the Freud Archives, focusing on Eissler’s interviews. On the basis of several paradigmatic items the author highlights some characteristics of Freud’s technique as well as his attitude to supervision and his general idea of psychoanalysis that differs from our views. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mason, Paul T1 - Seven Reflexes of Resistance Radical Humanism in a Darkening World. Erich Fromm Lecture on the occasion of the Erich Fromm Prize Awarding JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 25 / 2021, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 063-073. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e25/2021f Y1 - 2021 VL - e25/2021f ER - TY - GEN A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris A1 - Conci, Marco T1 - Presence of the body in psychoanalysis. Editorial T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 3, 2021), pp. 127-128 Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris T1 - The cultural experience, Editorial T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 2, 2021), pp. 073-074. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maccoby, Michael A1 - Cortina, Mauricio T1 - Prologue: Leadership, Psychoanalysis, and Society JF - Psychoanalytic Inquiry, Vol. 41, pp. 443–444. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maccoby, Michael T1 - Leadership in Context JF - Psychoanalytic Inquiry, Vol. 41, pp. 446-456. N2 - My studies of leadership build on the work of Sigmund Freud, Erich Fromm, and Erik Erikson. Those psychoanalysts described leaders of large groups, their personalities and relations with their followers. In my studies of leaders and experience with them, I have found that leadership is a relationship in a particular context. There are different kinds of leaders, and someone can be a leader in one context, but not in another. Furthermore, different leadership roles and different cultures call for different personality types and leadership behavior. People follow leaders for different reasons, and leaders can influence why and how they are followed. While Freud, Fromm, and Erikson only described male leaders, women are increasingly filling leadership roles, sometimes more effectively than men. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lothane, Henry Zvi T1 - My life with Paul Schreber JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 1, 2021), pp. 009-021. N2 - Freud's 1911 and Niederland's 1959 problematic interpretations of Schreber's Memoirs set off a flood of secondary literature. In both selected facts were paired with a plethora of fictions. The narratives of Schreber father and son were misdescribed, misdiagnosed, and misinterpreted, errors have been uncritically copied by commentators ever since. Freud's theory of homosexuality as a cause of paranoia has not stood the test of time. In 1963 Niederland himself stated that the data he collected on Schreber father and son do not explain Schreber's second illness. A further misconception was to totalize both Schreber as person and the content of his book as psychotic, controverted by the fact that Schreber recovered by 1897 and the book is a creative essay with a profound moral message. Schreber's hermaphroditic fantasies were neither homosexual desires toward psychiatrist Flechsig nor morbid delusions but images of an identification with or compassion for his wife who suffered repeated miscarriages and stillbirths. The author revisits the description, diagnosis, dynamics, and deontology of Schreber's story from the perspective of dramatology and narratology and adds new information and insights. The goal of this essay is not only historical, but also a clinical and practical approach to fantasy and delusion. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lewkowich, David T1 - Intergenerational irruptions in Olivier Schrauwen’s Arsène Schrauwen JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 2, 2021), pp. 108-126. N2 - This paper investigates the emergence of dream material in the graphic novel Arsène Schrauwen, authored by Belgian comics artist, Olivier Schrauwen. Although the author purports to tell the story of his grandfather’s misadventures as a young man, from the novel’s outset the focus on Arsène’s life is blurry and unreliable, much like the creative distortions and displacements of dreaming. Drawing on notions of reverie, countertransference dreaming, and Marion Milner’s oscillation phenomena, I read this book as a metaleptic dialogue between two forms of dreaming, one in the text and one without, and in which the author allows himself to dreamily merge with the subjects of story. As such, I describe the work of an artist who creates a deliberately unrealistic portrait of his grandfather, yet in this unfaithful rendering communicates the enduring and destabilizing presence of generational echoes, which continue to oscillate as the counternarrative dream material of present life. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krause, Rainer T1 - The development of different selves on the basis of leading maternal affects: Metatheoretical, clinical and technical reflections JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 1, 2021), pp. 022-033. N2 - In this article I will discuss, departing from the usual disintegration of the newborn’s experiences, how one can model the integration of different forms of memory, sensory channels, and mode of representation of these early experiences. Based on the inborn semiotics of the affect system, I pursue the idea that the affect expression of the mother comprises the organizational nucleus of the child’s future personality, and that the representational format of the very young child comprises the mother’s faces and vocalizations. In the aftermath of parental projections, the baby is confronted with plenty of dominant affect expressions, for example contempt, disgust, anger, and fear. These act in contrast to happiness in terms of guiding the affect expression of secure attachment. Following Tomkins, I call these interaction schemes >emotional scripts< and demonstrate that they are carried on into adulthood. Here I launch and discuss four clinical vignettes that can be characterized as being governed by such an >emotional script.< I try to show that these scripts can be redrafted if the governing affect can be exchanged with a different one. These considerations have led to a revised form of the procedure called >splitting.< In addition, implications for treatment techniques are depicted. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khademnabi, Mir Mohammad A1 - Khazaee-Farid, Ali T1 - The Persian Freud: Freud’s early reception through translation between the 1930s and 1970s in Iran JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 2, 2021), pp. 075-086. N2 - This paper deals with the translation of Freud’s works into Persian in the framework of reception theory. It covers the 1930s and the 1970s, which correspond to the pre-revolutionary period in Iran. The method is historical and draws upon documents, that is, paratexts, written by the translators. The first period, from the 1930s to 1945, was marked by a lack of full translations of Freud’s work, and incoherent accounts of Freudian ideas were published in literary and intellectual magazines. In this initial period of introducing Freud to Iran, there was an unsophisticated understanding of the Freudian discourse; moreover, the discourse was not engaged with other discourses of the time. The second period, from 1945 to the 1970s, saw translations whose prefaces indicate that the discourse was received uncritically by and through translators. Translators took Freud as an intellectual whose ideas could help the Persian intellectuals to fight >superstitions.< However, the translators, who did not have any religious orientations, did not level any criticism against Freudianism at the time. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huppke, Andrea T1 - The inception of the International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 4, 2021), pp. 212-222, N2 - In this article the history and process of the founding of the International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) will be addressed. After World War II, the IFPS was the first international association of psychoanalysts established outside the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA). Particular to the IFPS was the inclusion of psychoanalytic institutes and groups that were not members of the IPA; a liberal and open approach to new psychoanalytic methods and developments; and the waiver of imposed regulation – within a certain framework – on the terms of psychoanalytic training. In the received history of the psychoanalytic movement, non-IPA psychoanalysts have been neglected. This article intends to shed light on the organization of those so-called psychoanalytic dissidents, who identified as psychoanalysts, but were deemed by the IPA establishment >only< psychotherapists. The history of the IFPS provides material for the analysis of this important but difficult controversy, still markedly perceptible within the psychoanalytic community today. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Klaus T1 - Thirty years of the International Forum of Psychoanalysis JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 4, 2021), pp. 209. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gougoulis, Nicolas A1 - Driffield, Katryn A1 - Ogden, Thomas T1 - Interview with Thomas Ogden T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 4, 2021), pp. 223-233. N2 - In this interview Thomas Ogden freely speaks about himself and the evolution of his work, with particular regard for the analytic authors he values the most and their specific language. We also learn about his very meaningful relationships with both Bryce Boyer and James Grotstein, and about how much writing means to him. The interview was conducted in February 2020 during the COVID-19 lockdown per email correspondence, the aim of the authors being to make their French colleagues more familiar with Thomas Ogden's life and work. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel A1 - Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu T1 - Lucian Freud: the ruthless genius JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 2, 2021), pp. 100-107. N2 - Lucian Freud’s value as a painter goes much beyond his condition of being Sigmund Freud’s grandson. Experts see him as one of the key contemporary artists. His work penetrates the viewer and leaves a lasting impression, seldom related to pure aesthetic beauty. Characters in his paintings provide us with a bridge to explore human frailty and despair, and often convey us a sort of naked truth. His life deserves a close inspection to understand his creative process, his personal demons, and his complex relational life. Here we explore key episodes of his life, linking them to his preferred topics and settings. Also we try to understand how his paintings suggest possible paths to learn about his inner world. Extraordinary technical prowess combines with an uncompromising and dispassionate gaze to produce an outstanding life and work, full of ruthlessness to others, and to himself. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel A1 - Aguillaume, Rómulo T1 - On psychoanalytic journals and the International Forum of Psychoanalysis JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 4, 2021), pp. 206-208. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Giustino, Gabriella A1 - Scharff, Jill Savege T1 - Psychoanalysis online: An interview with Jill Savege Scharff T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 3, 2021), pp. 176-177. N2 - Gabriella Giustino interviews Jill Savege Scharff, editor of the book Psychoanalysis online, after the rapid shift to teleanalysis, recommended by the American Psychoanalytic Association in response to COVID-19 restrictions on personal movement. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - The Narcissistic Character [Reprint from R. Funk: Life itself is an art, New York 2019, pp. 110-129] JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 25 / 2021, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 090-105. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e25/2021h Y1 - 2021 VL - e25/2021h ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flores, Juan Antonio T1 - Celebrating the 30 years of our journal JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 4, 2021), pp. 196-197. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Filippachi, Eleni T1 - Forms of freedom: Towards a psychoanalytic conception of autonomy JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 2, 2021), pp. 087-099. N2 - This paper argues that autonomy is a crucial concept for psychoanalysis that deserves greater attention and closer elaboration. Although there is abundant literature on the complexities of Freud’s psychic determinism and its compatibility (or not) with different notions of freedom, less attention has been paid to psychoanalytic definitions of autonomy, especially in relation to the end(s) of analysis. In what follows I propose a framework for a psychoanalytic conception of autonomy based on an intrapsychic and an intersubjective axis. I argue for the consideration of three kinds of freedom: a freedom >from,< a freedom >to,< and a freedom >through.< Freedom >from< refers to the quest for liberation from intrapsychic constraints that delimit our freedom >to< be agents of change and novelty, subjects capable of degrees of self-creation and self-determination; both kinds of freedom require the common psychic work between patient and therapist, the working-through of the particular elements of the transferential and countertransferential dynamics of the dyad generating a form of freedom >through< one another, unique to psychoanalytic activity. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ermann, Michael T1 - How the idea of an IFPS journal came about JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 4, 2021), pp. 201-202. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ehrlich, Lena Theodorou T1 - Our sudden switch to teleanalysis during a pandemic: Finding our psychoanalytic footing JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 3, 2021), pp. 167-175. N2 - How do we maintain our psychoanalytic footing during a frightening crisis that affects us all? How do we work effectively within a medium that most of us have not been trained for, might have little prior experience with, and that some worry is not effective? Even more daunting, how do we manage these two monumental challenges simultaneously? This paper will consider these predicaments and explore the conditions that promote useful psychoanalytic work while meeting on the phone or through videoconferencing amid a pandemic. It will include clinical material that illustrates a patient’s negative response to switching to teleanalysis and his reactions to the global pandemic, the analyst’s countertransference, and how considering their meanings allowed for the analytic work to continue and deepen. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eekhoff, Judy K. T1 - Body relations and the black hole JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 3, 2021), pp. 139-148. N2 - The psychic Black Hole is a primitive psychosomatic representation of undifferentiation and loss of the vanished mother of infancy. It is evoked during a psychic collapse, originated when awareness of the reality of separation from the mother comes in too soon. Its repetition creates an implosion into the self instead of an explosion into the receiving other. The catastrophe that it marks is an overwhelming affective storm that has resulted from a loss of the containing (m)other and a subsequent annihilation of the self. As a sign or a signal used for self-regulation, the Black Hole marks a deficit in the ability to symbolize that evokes states of meaninglessness, nothingness, and hopelessness. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Duckles, Bob T1 - Leadership in the Industrial Workplace JF - Psychoanalytic Inquiry, Vol. 41, pp. 504-508. N2 - Leadership plays a critical role in the sustained success of the changes needed to reach the effectiveness objectives in an organization and in bringing out the best in people. I describe leaders who seek out their workers’ thoughts and feelings, understand them intuitively when they interact with them, versus those who take advantage of their employees’ fears of authority and their need for praise. The latter do not bring out the best in employees. Productive leadership involves the workers in designing change, and takes into account the effects on thinking and feelings the changes elicit, recognizing that not all employees respond to changes or behavior expectations the same way. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dimitrijevic, Aleksandar A1 - Buchholz, Michael T1 - >At my core, I am a psychoanalyst, but …<: An interview with Michael B. Buchholz JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 1, 2021), pp. 056-068. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Maria, Fábio T1 - Fromm and Horkheimer – On the fundamentals of critical theory’s anthropology JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 25 / 2021, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 042-062. N2 - Erich Fromm was central to the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research under the direction of Max Horkheimer, but the works of each author, while handling at times similar issues, took different paths. The article’s aim is to analyze how Horkheimer’s anthropology, which would be of importance in Dialectic of Enlightenment, was built as the author critically embodied the core elements of his colleague’s social psychology in his essays. By doing so, Horkheimer could overcome some of the limitations of Fromm’s early work, as well as suggest new ways for critique. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e25/2021e Y1 - 2021 VL - e25/2021e ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cortina, Mauricio A1 - Maccoby, Michael T1 - Epilogue: Leadership, Psychoanalysis, and Society JF - Psychoanalytic Inquiry, Vol. 41, pp. 552-553. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cortina, Mauricio T1 - Our Prehistory as Egalitarian Nomadic Foragers with Antiauthoritarian Leadership: What These Nomads Can Teach Us Today JF - Psychoanalytic Inquiry, Vol. 41, pp. 456–472. N2 - Our species has deep prehistoric roots in egalitarian and antiauthoritarian bands of nomadic hunter-gatherers. As large agricultural societies develop after the Neolithic revolution 10,000 years ago, despotic rulers, social hierarchies and brutal social inequalities begin to emerge. Through the immensely long arc of the history of our species the pendulum has swung between authoritarianism and antiauthoritarianism, egalitarianism and hierarchy, cooperation and competition, collective solidarity and individual selfishness. Recognizing these oscillations is a key to understanding the political and social nature of our species. As I show, our capacity to control bullies and tyrants and our longing for autonomy and freedom have deep roots in the egalitarian ways of life of nomadic foragers that prevailed during 100,000 years of the prehistory of our species or perhaps much longer. A better understanding about what is known about this prehistory gives us reasons to believe that >the better angels of our nature< are not just historical products, but are indeed rooted in human nature. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Conci, Marco A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris T1 - 30 years with the International Forum of Psychoanalysis T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 4, 2021), pp. 193-194. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Conci, Marco T1 - Review Huppke, A., Global vernetzte Psychoanalyse. Die International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 4, 2021), pp. 247-255. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Conci, Marco T1 - Review Usak-Sahin, H., Psychoanalyse in der Türkei. Eine historische und aktuelle Spurensuche JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 1, 2021), pp. 071-072. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Conci, Marco T1 - German themes in psychoanalysis. Part four. Editorial T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 1, 2021), pp. 001-002. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buchholz, Michael B. T1 - Obituary – Horst Kächele (1944–2020) JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 1, 2021), pp. 069-070. Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angel, Valerie Tate T1 - Looking back – Moving forward JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 4, 2021), pp. 203-205. Y1 - 2021 ER -