TY - JOUR A1 - Kolk, Bessel A. van der T1 - Some theoretical comments on personal isolation JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues Vol. 12 (2002), pp. 381-392. N2 - When people develop PTSD in the wake of exposure to a traumatic event, the imprint of that trauma comes to dominate how they organize their way in the world. Verbalizing, making meaning, and putting the event in contezt may provide a means of feeling understood, rejoining the human race, and gaining perspective on the experience, but it may do, little toreorganize the person to feel safe and focused on fulfilling the demands of the present. Given the subcortical nature of trauma imprints, effctive therapy needs to help survivors tolerate the sensory reminders of the trauma, and physically experience efficacy and purpose in response to stimuli that once triggered feelings of helplessness and dependence. Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kolk, Bessel A. van der T1 - Trauma, Neuroscience, and the Etiology of Hysteria: An Exploration of the Relevance of Breuer and Freud's 1893 Article in Light of Modern Science JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (2000), pp. 237-262. Y1 - 2000 ER -