TY - JOUR A1 - Kapustin, Sergey A. T1 - An existential criterion for the normal and abnormal personality in the works of Viktor Frankl. Summary JF - Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, Vol. 13, No. 2 (2020), pp.140-153. [Online ISSN 2307-2202] [psychologyinrussia.com/volumes/pdf/2020_2/Psychology_2_2020_140-153_Kapustin.pdf] N2 - Background: This is the last in a series of four articles scheduled for publication in this journal. In the first article (Kapustin, 2015a), I proposed a new >existential criterion< for the normal and abnormal personality that is implicitly present in the works of Erich Fromm. According to this criterion, normal and abnormal personalities are determined, first, by their position regarding existential dichotomies, and, second, by particular aspects of the formation of this position. Such dichotomies, entitatively existent in human life, are inherent, two-alternative contradictions. In the other articles (Kapustin, 2015b, 2016a), I showed that this criterion is also implicitly present in the four famous personality theories of Freud, Adler, Jung, and Rogers. Objectives: To provide evidence that this criterion is present in the personality theory of Viktor Frankl and to present a comparative analysis of all six theories of personality. Results. The existential criterion for the normal and abnormal personality based on the works of Fromm is also implicitly present in theoretical conceptualizations of personality, predisposed and non-predisposed to developing various psychological problems and to mental disorders, by Freud, Adler, Jung, Rogers, and Frankl, although in more particular forms, related to more specific existential dichotomies, characterizing the nature of human life. Conclusion: The fact that the existential criterion is present in these six theories of personality, developed within totally different approaches to psychology and psychotherapy, is evidence of a high degree of its theoretical justification and of the possibility of their integration. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kapustin, Sergey A. T1 - An existential criterion of normal and abnormal personality in the works of Carl Jung and Carl Rogers (2016 JF - Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, Vol. 9, No. 2 (2016), pp. 54-68. [Online ISSN 2307-2202] [psychologyinrussia.com/volumes/pdf/2016_2/psychology_2016_2_5.pdf] N2 - This article is the third in a series of four articles scheduled for publication in this journal. In the first article (Kapustin, 2015a) I proposed a description of a new so-called existential criterion of normal and abnormal personality that is implicitly present in the works of Erich Fromm. According to this criterion, normal and abnormal personalities are determined, first, by special features of the content of their position regarding existential dichotomies that are natural to human beings and, second, by particular aspects of the formation of this position. Such dichotomies, entitatively existent in all human life, are inherent, two-alternative contradictions. The position of a normal personality in its content orients a person toward a contradictious predetermination of life in the form of existential dichotomies and necessitates a search for compromise in resolving these dichotomies. This position is created on a rational basis with the person’s active participation. The position of an abnormal personality in its content subjectively denies a contradictious predetermination of life in the form of existential dichotomies and orients a person toward a consistent, noncompetitive, and, as a consequence, one-sided way of life that doesn’t include self-determination. This position is imposed by other people on an irrational basis. Abnormality of personality interpreted like that is one of the most important factors influencing the development of various kinds of psychological problems and mental disorders – primarily, neurosis. In the second article (Kapustin, 2015b) I showed that this criterion is also implicitly present in the personality theories of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler, although in more specific cases. In the current work I prove that this criterion is also present in the personality theories of Carl Jung and Carl Rogers, where it is implicitly stated in a more specific way. In the final article I will show that this criterion is also implicitly present in the personality theory of Viktor Frankl. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kapustin, Sergey A. T1 - Особенности личности детей в семьях клиентов психологической консультации [Personal features of children in client families who receive psychological advice] JF - Национальный психологический журнал [National Psychological Journal], Vol. 17, No. 1 (2015), pp. 79-87. [Online ISSN 2309-9828] [istina.msu.ru/publications/article/10303554] N2 - В статье изложены результаты исследования влияния основных стилей родительского воспитания, встречающихся в семьях клиентов психологической консультации (гиперопеки и сверхтребовательности), на развитие личности детей и возникновение детско-родительских проблем. Показано, что важнейшим фактором, влияющим на возникновение детско-родительских проблем в этих семьях, является аномальность личности родителей, установленная с помощью так называемого экзистенциального критерия, которая проявляется в используемых ими стилях воспитания своих детей. Эти стили воспитания способствуют формированию у детей аномальных типов личности, также установленных с помощью экзистенциального критерия, которые обозначены как >ориентированный на внешнюю помощь<, >ориентированный на соответствие своего поведения требованиям других людей< и >ориентированный на протест против соответствия своего поведения требованиям других людей<. Дети с данными типами личности, сталкиваясь с требованиями со стороны своего ближайшего социального окружения, обычно рассчитанными на детей с нормальным уровнем личностного развития, и потому не соответствующими их личностным возможностям, начинают испытывать проблемы. Поскольку эти проблемы связаны с трудностями приспособления детей к требованиям социального окружения, их можно отнести к категории проблем социальной адаптации. Выявлено сходство типа личности, «ориентированного на соответствие своего поведения требованиям других людей, с теоретическими представлениями об аномальной личности, предрасположенный к возникновению различного рода жизненных проблем и психических расстройств, содержащимися в работах Э. Фромма, З. Фрейда, А. Адлера, К. Юнга, К. Роджерса и В. Франкла. Этот факт свидетельствует о том, что личность данного типа можно рассматривать как классический тип личности, с которым в разное время сталкивались в своей психотерапевтической практике все эти авторы. N2 - The paper includes results of the research, where influence of main parenting styles on developing children’s personality and appearing child-parent problems were considered. It covers client families of psychological advice (with overprotection and over exactingness). It is indicated that the key factor emerging child-parent problems in this families is the abnormality of the parent personality identified through so-called existential criterion, which is displayed in their parenting styles. The parenting styles contribute to shaping child abnormal personality types, also identified through existential criteria are designated as >directed at external assistance<, >directed at complying with the requirements of other people< and >directed at protesting against compliance with the requirements of other people<. Children of such personality types have problems communicating with others as communication is addressed to children with normal personal development and is not relevant for abnormal personal abilities. As the problems mentioned above are connected with maladjustment to social environment requirements they can be classified as problems of social adaptation. There is a connection of a personality type >directed at complying with the requirements of other people< with abnormal personality predisposed to various life problems and mental disorders mentioned in the works of E. Fromm, S. Freud, A. Adler, С. Jung, C. Rogers, and V. Frankl. It suggests the understanding of the personality of this type to be regarded as a classical type of personality which the authors mentioned above were dealing with in their psychotherapeutic practice at different times. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kapustin, Sergey A. T1 - An existential criterion for normal and abnormal personality in the works of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler JF - Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, Vol. 8, No. 3 (2015), pp. 4-16. [Online ISSN 2307-2202] [psychologyinrussia.com/volumes/pdf/2015_3/psychology_2015_3_1.pdf] N2 - This is the second in a series of four articles scheduled for publication in this journal. In the previous article I proposed a description of a new so-called existential criterion of normal and abnormal personality that is implicitly present in the works of Erich Fromm. According to this criterion, normal and abnormal personalities are determined, first, by special features of the content of their position regarding existential dichotomies that are natural to human beings and, second, by particular aspects of the formation of this position. Such dichotomies, entitatively existent in all human life, are inherent, two-alternative contradictions. The position of a normal personality in its content orients one toward a contradictious predetermination of life in the form of existential dichotomies and the necessity of searching for compromise in resolving these dichotomies. This position is created on a rational basis with the person’s active participation. The position of an abnormal personality in its content subjectively denies a contradictious predetermination of life in the form of existential dichotomies and orients one toward a consistent, noncompetitive, and, as a consequence, one- sided way of life that doesn’t include self-determination. This position is imposed by other people on an irrational basis. Abnormality of personality interpreted like that is one of the most important factors influencing the development of various kinds of psychological problems and mental disorders – primarily, neurosis. In this article I show that this criterion is implicitly present in the personality theories of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler, although in more special cases. In the following articles I will show that this criterion is also implicitly present in the personality theories of Carl Jung, Carl Rogers, and Viktor Frankl. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kapustin, Sergey A. T1 - An Existential Criterion for Normal and Abnormal Personality in the Works of Erich Fromm JF - Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, Vol. 8 (No. 2, 2015), pp. 87-98. N2 - This is the first of four articles scheduled for publication in this journal on the position people with normal and abnormal personalities take in regard to so-called existential dichotomies. The main objective of this article is to propose a new, existential criterion for normal and abnormal personality implicitly present in the works of Erich Fromm. According to this criterion, normal and abnormal personalities are determined, first, by special features of the content of their position regarding existential dichotomies, and, second, by particular aspects of the formation of this position. Such dichotomies, entitatively existent in all human life, are inherent, two-alternative contradictions. The position of a normal personality in its content orients one toward a contradictious predetermination of life in the form of existential dichotomies and the necessity of searching for compromise in resolving these dichotomies. This position is created on a rational basis with the person’s active participation. The position of an abnormal personality in its content subjectively denies a contradictious predetermination of life in the form of existential dichotomies and orients one toward a consistent, noncompetitive, and, as a consequence, one-sided way of life that doesn’t include self-determination. This position is imposed by other people on an irrational basis. Abnormal personality interpreted like this is one of the most important factors influencing the development of various kinds of psychological problems and mental disorders – primarily, neurosis. In the following three articles it will be shown that this criterion is also implicitly present in the theories of personality devised by Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Carl Rogers, and Viktor Frankl. [Taken from Publisher’s Website: http://psychologyinrussia.com/volumes/?article=3698] [doi: 10.11621/pir.2015.0208] Y1 - 2015 ER -