TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - 50 Jahre >Die Kunst des Liebens< JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 11 / 2007, Tübingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 2-5. [= E. Fromm, 1956a, passim] T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d11/2007a Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Den Vorrang hat der Mensch JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 11 / 2007, Tübingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 76f. [= E. Fromm, 1960b passim] T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d11/2007n Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - The Theory of Love JF - Art and Thought. Fikrun wa fann, München (Goethe Institut), Vol. 45 (No. 86, August-October 2007), pp. 4-13. [= E. Fromm, 1956a, pp. 6-30.] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - (The Theory of Love – Arabic) JF - Fikrun wa fann, München (Goethe Institut), Vol. 45 (No. 86, August-October 2007). [= E. Fromm, 1956a, pp. 6-30.] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Akrap, Domagoj T1 - Von der Freiheit von zur Freiheit zu. Gedanken zu Erich Fromm und Pessach, JF - David. Jüdische Kulturzeitschrift, Wien Vol. 19 (Nr. 72, April 2007), pp. 4-5. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aguillaume, Romulo T1 - Interpretation and method JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis Oslo (Scandinavian University Press), Vol. 16 (No. 4, December 2007), pp. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Erich Fromm's Views on Psychoanalytic >Technique< JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 11 / 2007, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 5-13. [= Bacciagaluppi, M., 1988]. N2 - Compares FROMM's position on psychoanalytic technique with that of other analysts. Of the 2 essential therapeutic factors, insight and experience of new relationships, FROMM only stresses the first. Yet, his insistence on direct relatedness implies that the patient's experience of a new relationship with the analyst would inevitably become the 2nd major factor in a FROMMian analysis. However, FROMM never discussed this in theoretical terms. FROMM's reference to nonerotic love would lead one to define his attitude as that of parental love, although FROMM would suspect this definition to encourage in the analyst a narcissistic self-image as a good parent. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e11/2007a Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ávila, Lazslo Antonio T1 - Body and meaning JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis Oslo (Scandinavian University Press), Vol. 16 (No. 1, March 2007), pp. 43-48. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wirth, H. J. T1 - Schismatic processes in the psychoanalytic movement and their impact on the formation of theories JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis Oslo (Scandinavian University Press), Vol. 16 (No. 1, March 2007), pp. 4-11 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Triebel, A. T1 - >Transitional subjects<: Therapeutic persons being curative JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis Oslo (Scandinavian University Press), Vol. 16 (No. 4, December 2007), pp. 228-234. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Togashi, K. T1 - Psychic pain as a result of disrupted narcissistic fantasies among Japanese immigrants: A self-psychological study of the stress and trauma of immigrating JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis Oslo (Scandinavian University Press), Vol. 16 (No. 3, September 2007), pp. 177-188. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anonymus-2007a, T1 - Fromm's View of Freud – A Tragic Figure Full of Contradictions [弗洛姆眼中的弗洛伊德——一个充满矛盾的悲剧人物] JF - Campus Life & Mental Health [校园心理], No. 3 (2007), pp. 34-35. N2 - 埃利希•弗洛姆和弗洛伊德都是知名度相当高而且对现代人精神生活影响相当大的代表人物。弗洛伊德创立了精神分析学说,自他之后,只要人们谈到心理学,谈到心理治疗,就无法撇开他。而弗洛姆是20世纪著名的心理学家、社会家和哲学家,人本主义精神分析学说的创始人。在心理学中,他是精神分析社会文化学派的代表人物和集大成者 N2 - Erich Fromm and Freud are very high profile and influence of the modern spiritual life quite representative. Freud founded the psychoanalytic theory, since after him, as long as people talk about psychology, comes to psychotherapy, he cannot be put aside. And Fromm is famous 20th century psychologist, social and philosopher, humanist doctrine of the founder of psychoanalysis. In psychology, he is a spiritual analysis of social and cultural school representatives and synthesizer. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anonymus-2007b, T1 - Psychologist’s Erich Fromm Interpretation of Dreams [心理学家弗洛姆释梦] JF - Campus Life & Mental Health [校园心理], No. 8 (2007), p. 27. N2 - 心理学家弗洛姆曾分析过这样一个梦:>我坐在一辆停在高山脚下的汽车里,该处有一条通到山顶的狭窄而特别陡峭的路。我犹豫着是否该开上去,因为路看来很危险,但是一个站在汽车旁边的人叫我开过去并不必畏惧。我决定遵从他的劝告。于是我开上去,路越来越危险,已没有办法使汽车停止,因为那里不能回头。当我接近顶峰时,引擎突然停止,刹车失灵,于是汽车向后滑回去,并坠向万丈悬崖!我很恐怖地惊醒过来。< N2 - Psychologist Erich Fromm has analyzed over a dream: >I sat in the car parked in the high mountains at the foot of the car, there is a pass to the top of the mountain is narrow and especially steep road. I hesitated whether to open up the road seems very dangerous, but a man standing beside the car told me to open the past and do not have to fear, I decided to follow his advice. so I opened up, the road is getting more dangerous, and has there is no way to make the car stop, because there is no turning back when I was close to capacity, the engine suddenly stopped, brake failure, so the car backward slide back and hurtled cliff! I woke up in terror.< [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ru, Xiumei T1 - The Psychological Need to Build a Harmonious Society [心理需要与和谐社会的构建], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. N2 - 本文以马克思关于>需要理论<和>社会和谐<思想在人的生存论上的一致性为基础,在哲学层面上提出和论证了以人的心理需要为核心构建和谐社会的思路。本文通过对心理需要理论的历史性梳理,折射心理需要与哲学本身所关注的人的解放、幸福密切相关。尤其在当代,关注人的心理需要,这是对人的存在的自我分裂和异化的克服和超越。哲学作为理论形态的人的存在的自我意识,自觉以人的方式关注和守望人的存在,这就决定了关注人的心理需要是理解哲学和构建和谐社会不可或缺的维度。以此为基础,本文从>需要理论<、>和谐<观念及>社会和谐<思想这一视角出发,对中西方思想史中关于心理需要的思想进行扬弃,特别是弗洛姆理论中的有关论点,以此论证了以人的心理需要为核心构建和谐社会的致思理路,进而深入探究了需要理论及其在建构和谐社会中的意义。 N2 - This article is based on Marx’s consistency about >need theory> and >social harmony< thinking on people’s survival theory. It also demonstrates the idea of building a harmonious society at the core of people’s psychological needs at philosophical level. By the historic destination of the psychological needs theory, this article refracts psychological needs closely relating people’s liberation and happiness which is concerned by philosophy. Especially in the contemporary, concerning the psychological needs, this is the overcoming and transcending to people’s existence of self-division and alienation. The philosophy, as a theoretical form of the existence of self-consciousness, consciously pays attention to the way of people’s existence: this has determined that concerning people’s psychological needs is the indispensable dimension to understand philosophy and building a harmonious society. On this basis, this paper is from the perspective of >needs theory<, >harmony concept< and >social harmony thinking<, extracting and abandoning the thinking of psychological needs in China and western’s thinking history, in particular Fromm’s theory of the argument, which argues the idea at the core of people’s psychological, needs to build a harmonious society, deeply explore the need theory in the construction of a harmonious society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guasto, Gianni T1 - Recensione a F. Borgogno: The Vancouver Interview. Frammenti di vita e opere d’una vocazione psicoanalitica. Borla, 2007. Typescript, 5 pp. Y1 - 2007 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - GEN A1 - Meng, Qiuli T1 - The Deep Exploring of Human Mind [人类心灵的深层探索], PhD thesis, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2007, 171 pp. T2 - The unconscious, an authentic component in the depth of human being’s psyche, has been of great inter-est to the both eastern and western scholars. Many ideologists, such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle is ancient Greece and Chuang Tsi in ancient China, N2 - The unconscious, an authentic component in the depth of human being’s psyche, has been of great inter-est to the both eastern and western scholars. Many ideologists, such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle is ancient Greece and Chuang Tsi in ancient China, had initially carried on to the themes of unconscious problem. For example, Socrates’ dissertating >spiritualism<, Plato’s touching >enthusiasm<, and Aristotle’s differentiating consciousness into levels. Obviously, the researches they had done into this field were no more than obscure guesswork and had the color of mysterious doctrine. Western medieval ideologists Augustine and Aquinas came into Aristotle’s theories and further classified consciousness in the framework of theology. This approach indicated a direction for the later research and also laid foundation for the further study of the unconscious. If, say, western ancient and medieval ideologists mainly inquired into the un conscious field from the angle of philosophy, so in modern age, along with the further developments in philosophy, psychology, medical science and the physical science, some ideologists made fruitful researches in the field from newer angles such as philosophy, psychology and medical science, etc., and even expected to bring about a current of thought of the unconscious after 19th century. Descartes, Leibniz, Rousseau, Goethe, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Herder, Hartmann, Carls, Helmholtz, Fechner, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, etc, were outstanding elites during this period, they put forward various thought concerning unconscious. Such as the framework for analyzing consciousness and unconscious by Descartes; the >arithmetic of unconscious< concept by Leibniz; the >consciousness threshold< concept by Herbart; the >unconscious classification< by Hartmann, the >unconscious ratiocination< by Helmholtz; the theory >the subconscious be a mental energy< by Fechner; >subsisting consciousness< by Schopenhauer and the >power will< of Nietzsche, etc., were all achievements that became the premise of the Freud’s theory of the unconscious. The western scholars had already stepped onto a new stage in studies toward unconscious and developed fresher and clearer characteristics: – First, they not only definitely put forward the concept of >unconscious<, but also made use of the last word of aggressive results that obtained in philosophy and physical sciences at that time and in inheriting from ancient and medieval times, push the research of the unconscious to a new height, lay solid theories and methodology foundation for formation and systematization of theories about the unconscious.– Second, the method of positivism was adopted into the study of the unconscious which made the unconscious research change direction from philosophy to psychology, medical science, neurology and physiology, etc. having started to apply the concept of unconscious to experimental research.– Third, it brought about an unconscious current including mainly three kinds of thoughts as follows: namely supernaturalism unconscious, naturalism unconscious and non-rationalism unconscious. Although theories concerning the unconscious developed from ancient to modern times established thought premise for formation of the theories about the unconscious, they were just prehistoric theoretical thought. Freud originated the unconscious theory in late 19th and early 20th century. This article mainly studies the Freud’s theories since his individual unconscious theory and the internal skeletons. This article holds that the development of unconscious theories has gone through the following four stages: First stage: Systematization of unconscious theories Freud’s individual unconscious theories. Freud developed the useful and discarded the useless points of the previous achievements regarding unconscious and systematized them, combining his own clinical practice experience dealing with lunacy, put forward individual unconscious theories. The individual unconscious theories mainly include subconscious and consciousness, the unconscious and dream, the unconscious and appetency and Oedipus tendentiousness and etc. Freud divided human mental activity into two processes: the conscious and the unconscious processes, and he took the unconscious process as the major part. He held that the unconscious process is the foundation and source of the conscious processes, and even is the basis of the human mental system. It is a wide and mysterious realm, in which a great deal of instinctive drives and suppressed desires mutually hustled together and the social customs, morals taboos and the laws prohibited these things by the root. Through analyzing the psychopathic, dream etc., Freud uncovered the impulse in the most original instinct within unconscious realm and namely sexual instinct. He viewed it as the foundation and core of the unconscious, the most original desire of the unconscious, it is subject to consciousness, and usually can’t be satisfied but be suppressed, however, it is not exterminated, it has been acting secretly all the way and requesting directly or indirectly contented. The sexual instinctive impulse been suppressed is a so-called Oedipus tendentiousness. To be exact, these things from deep dominated the whole human mental activity and become the origin of motives and intentions of the person. Therefore, the unconscious is the decisive part in the person’s whole mental structure, is the core of mankind’s psyche, and is the internal drive of mankind behavior. Freud’s individual unconscious theories not only discovered the New Continent of mankind’s psyche, but also expanded the new realm of psychological research. Second stage: Expansion of unconscious theories Jungian collective unconscious theories. Being Freud’s student, basing on an extensive but comprehensive research of various social cultural phenomena, Jung carried on to active developing-and-discarding to his teacher’s individual unconscious theories, innovatively put forward >collective unconscious theories<. Jung hold that the most worthy part of Freud’s individual unconscious theories is the existence and function of individual unconscious, but the essence of human mental state isn’t unconscious, so Freud’s theories excessively exaggerative the function of the unconscious, further concluded the unconscious to sex instinct, impulse and desire and the vital motive of human behavior, summed human civilizations such as production, politics, science, arts and etc. to the suppression and sublimation of sexual drive, which not only turned the person’s mental back to the extreme of biology, but also >viewing the unconscious too narrowly<. Jung broke Freud’s individual unconscious theories from the limitation of the biological angle and, at vaster social aspect, took social cultural factors into consideration. Jung hold that collective unconscious is the sedimentary deposits of social milieu and cultural history factors in the living creature and during the process of evolution, is the bequeathing of experience and common human instinct that generally sediment in the depth of men’s psyche. Thereto, it is the result from both biological heredity and cultural inheritance, is the composition of >prototype<. The collective unconscious theories of Jung mainly studies prototype, then to cognition, motion, intention etc. the common transcendental mental responding modality, which is the basic mental structural pattern. The prototype includes a personality mask, Anima, Animus and shadow. The collective unconscious theories of Jung expanded the research realm of the unconscious theories and deeply influenced the research approach of unconscious theories. Third stage: Deepening of the subconscious theories. Fromm’s societal unconscious theories. By combining the biological points of Freud’s individual unconscious theories and the societal points of Jungian collective unconscious theories, Fromm developed >social unconscious theories<, deepening unconscious theories. He hold that >suppression< is the key to comprehend the unconscious, but not standing with Freud’s interpretation of >suppression<, he emphasized suppression can’t be comprehended unless being viewed more than the individual aspect, including social aspect. Fromm thought that no society is unable to determine which thoughts and emotion can reach consciousness level and which can exist in the unconscious only, so the social unconscious must be existent and closely related with individual unconscious. But social unconscious consists of those thought and emotion its members have but disallowed by the society Mainly refer to the widespread depressive part of spirits subjected to the society’s morals. Although Fromm agreed with Jungian collective unconscious theories, he insisted that the differentiation of collective unconscious and social unconscious lies in: The former refers to a kind of inborn spiritual phenomenon and can’t become consciousness; the latter refers to the suppressed part of general spirit. He further thought that this >suppression< is done through >social filters< which keep some experience out of social member’s consciousness, compressing down to the unconscious. The social filters work through three kinds of cultural factor occurrence a function again, these three main cultural factors are: language, logic ,and taboo, and these three factors constituted the main mechanisms of social unconscious. Fromm still made use of social subconscious and further studied social personality, social empathy and social narcissism and etc, driving the psychoanalysis across to social psychology realm. Fourth stage: The contemporary development of unconscious theories the springing-up of >cognitive unconscious theories<. Since 1950s, along with the development of cognition science and cognition psychology, the research of unconscious gets into a new development period. Cognitive psychologists, taking cognitive science as foundation adopting a methodology of cognition, launching systematic researches of the unconscious field, put forward so-called >cognitive unconscious theories<. Cognitive unconscious theories think the modern computer is the model to understand unconscious process. A great deal of on-board processes may run simultaneously without being noticed by any other process. The controlled information processing is done by individual control and occurs inside the cognitive process; but the automatic information processing has no command over, it occurs outside the cognitive process. The controlling process has something to do with the cognitive processing, but the automatic process have something to do with the unconscious or unconscious information processing. Cognitive unconscious includes all cognitive processes that can’t be cognized, without considering the reason why they can’t be felt. Therefore, the cognitive unconscious theories and psychoanalysis unconscious are different. Because its subconscious concepts are not applied to explain the consciousness compression, emotion, drive and protective function, the unconscious can be rational or unreasonable or get into consciousness through enforcement. Cognitive unconscious theories focus on two problems: the relation between unconscious and brain structure, and the relation between unconscious and implicit memory. To sum it up, cognitive unconscious theories not only extend subconscious realm, widening horizon of understanding unconscious phenomenon, but also be advantageous to promoting study, memory and mental states treatment. Based on all mentioned above, these four stages have intrinsic logic contact, that is to say, Freud’s individual unconscious theories is the systematization of the historical unconscious guess works; Jungian collective unconscious theory is the judgment and expansion of Freud’s individual unconscious theories; Fromm’s social unconscious theory is the combination and deepening of Freud’s individual conscious theories and Jungian collective unconscious theories; cognitive unconscious theories surmount the psychoanalytical unconscious theories represented by Freud, Jung, and Fromm, displaying the new development of unconscious theories. The unconscious theories open a wide door for human being’s self-understanding, and the development process of unconscious theories then deeply reflected the track that the mankind continuously investigates into the depth of our own spirits. N2 - 本文认为古代至近代学者有关人类心灵深层部分潜意识的探索所形成的各种潜意识思想,是潜意识理论产生的前提。自弗洛伊德创立个体潜意识理论以来,潜意识理论的发展经历了具有内在逻辑联系的如下四个阶段:(1)弗洛伊德的个体潜意识理论——潜意识思想的体系化,即深蕴心理学的创立;(2)荣格的集体潜意识理论——弗洛伊德的个体潜意识理论的批判与拓展,即分析心理学的建构。(3)弗洛姆的社会潜意识理论——弗洛伊德与荣格的潜意识理论的综合与深化,即弗洛姆人本精神分析的建立;(4)认知潜意识理论——当代潜意识理论的新发展。本文对于潜意识理论及其发展的内在逻辑及其发展的历史轨迹所进行的这种系统而深入的研究,促进了心理学领域潜意识理论的研究与发展,为构建当代潜意识理论的科学体系奠定了较为坚实的理论基础,因而具有较高的学术价值。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lu, Ye T1 - Female Life Consciousness in Pearl S. Buck's Works [赛珍珠小说中的女性生命意识], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2007 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Pearl S. Buck is On one of the most famous and controversial figures ever to influence American and Chinese cultural and literary history of Her novels break new ground in the subject matter, especially in her representations of Asia, and above all in her portraits of Asian women. As a woman herself, she writes about female figures with compassion and sympathy. The female characters in her works differ from those by the male authors. She advocates love, equality, liberty, and harmonious relationships between man and woman. Her works exude strong feminine consciousness about individual identity, self-worth, and above all about life call this female life consciousness. Life consciousness first originates from man's love for life and for the living. American psychologist Erich Fromm calls it as the love for life and the living, biophilia. Life is not merely an existence, but a state of being with meaning and significance. If man loves life, he must seek meanings in life. Thus life consciousness should be a self-awared consciousness, with which one seeks self-worth, seeks identity and tries to realize one's being as a meaningful individual, to fulfill self-actualization. Female is differed from male mainly because of her reproductive ability, which is sufficient enough for her to have a completely different experience of life and death. Her distinctive experience directly touches her consciousness of self, of existence and of life.– In this paper, I will mainly discuss Pearl S. Buck's four novels: >East Wind: West Wind<, >Pavilion of Women<, >The Good Earth<, and >The Mother<. They should be valued more highly and dug more deeply. On the one hand they are not like extreme feminist works which focus on dualistic conceptions. On the other hand, they are more moderate and focusing more on harmonious relationships between the two sexes. By analyzing her novels we will find that the female figures in her novels are so vivid, not just because she herself is a female, but more significantly, she has deep in her heart the compassion for the women, the strong life consciousness that makes her sympathize with all the suffering women. N2 - 美国著名作家赛珍珠因其作品>对中国农民生活史诗般的描述<获得了1938年的诺贝尔文学奖。她是美国历史上第一位获该奖的女作家,其实赛珍珠不仅是位杰出的女作家,她一生丰富多彩,从事过许多有意义的活动,十分关注女性的生存命运。她倡导女性与男性的平等地位,争取女性应有的权利,呼吁妇女积极投身于社会事业。总之,无论是作为社会活动家还是作为女性作家,赛珍珠一生所作的贡献都值得我们对她给予充分重视,并加以研究。本论文主要是研究赛珍珠小说中所体现的女性生命意识。笔者在研读其作品时常常能感受到作品中透露出的女性温情,每每都有心灵上的触动。这种温情来源于赛珍珠对女性生命本质的关怀与理解。生命意识首先源于人的存在意识,从人类学意义上讲,女性作为人类整体的另一半,与男性最根本的差异在于生育能力,但这已足以对主体的生命体验产生难以估量的影响。女性作为>生殖之性<,首先就意味着生命的繁衍与生生不息,她最接近生命本原,因而对生命和生存有着最深刻的体会。女性所特有的经验直接触动了女性的自我意识与主体意识。女性生命开始成为有意识的自觉自为的存在。女性文学的生命意识描述把生命同文学紧密联系在一起。作家的想象来自女性经验对生命和生存的深切体验,生命力和想象力结合在一起,传达出创作者对自我、艺术与世界的统一体的认识。赛珍珠,作为一个杰出的女性作家,对女性问题的思考自然更多体现在她创作的一系列小说中。她笔下的妇女以各自不同的方式拼命挣扎,努力在中国传统社会中求得自己的生存。尽管她们遭受各种各样苦难,尽管她们的努力挣扎是那么吃力,但是她们始终在为有一个幸福、有意义的生活而呼号。本文通过对赛珍珠四部小说(《东风:西风》、《母亲》、《群芳亭》、《大地》)中女主人公的分析来展现赛珍珠深厚的生命意识。笔者认为赛珍珠笔下的女性既有传统的又有现代的。传统的重视生育,强调母爱。现代的努力探求自我,寻找自我的主体性。她们都没有竭力反抗男权。而是从自我着手,发展平和的女性主义价值观,寻找自我的生存意义。女性生命意识的成熟和发展,标志着女性解放的精神深度。在此意义上,生命意识的确是女性内在生长点,更是女作家点亮自我宇宙的生命之灯。在光耀的存在中,她们走向生命的自由与解放。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Luan, Tao T1 - Existential Tragedy of the Family – Analysis of Faulkner‘s Novel >The Sound and the Fury< [家族生存悲剧 - 解析福克纳小说《喧哗与骚动》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2007. [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - In 1929, William Faulkner instantly became a renowned author after the publication of his masterpiece of >The Sound and the Fury< of the novel is a tragedy about the quad faces covering of human being's existence. Of the protagonists lose the essence of life because of ignoring the quad faces covering of existence. The thesis applies Sartre's ontology of freedom, Heidegger's death phenomena, and Fromm and Marx's alienation as the surest proof to explicate quintessence of tragedy, in order to explore the tragic interior worlds of the Compsons' existence. The thesis is divided into five parts by applying the three theories.– The first part presents a short introduction to southerners' existential predicaments after the American Civil War, and the interplay between Faulkner's philosophical ideas and existentialism.– The second part tries to pinpoint that tragedy reveals human existential predicaments. Anguish arises from the contradiction between ideals and impossible reality, which begets conflicts in individuals' plight; the inevitability of conflicts and irresistibility of misfortunes give rise to tragedy. Three correlated existential tragedies form the core of the Compsons' plight: spiritual tragedy, social tragedy, and ontological tragedy. Fromm's social alienation is exhibited in the Compsons' tragedy, that is, social alienation and alienation of traditional concept. Narcissism, Oedipus complex, masochism and sadism represent spiritual tragedy.– In part three, the thesis will center on the relationship of freedom , responsibility and situation with ontological choice to interpret the Compsons' tragedy. It elaborates on the reasons of the tragic ending, pointing out that escaping responsibility and bad choice are the causes of the Compsons' tragedy. >Being-in-itself< and >Being-for-itself< are the interdependent combination as for Sartrean ontology. Under the threat of freedom and responsibility, the Compsons fall into self-deceptive state of mind dominated by psychology of escape. They forfeits >Being-for-itself< and exists on the level of >Being-in-itself<, which is the mode of Being of object with no sense of free consciousness and responsibility. In bad faith, they conceal the truth and cannot get out of the nothingness. In concrete relations with the other, the Compsons ferment attitudes of indifference, desire, hate and sadism against attitudes of love and masochism. They present tragic existential state of >hell is the other people< distinctively. Absolute freedom and irresistible misfortunes fall upon the heroine in a situation. Her bad choice brews her tragic plight.– In part four, tragedy concerns death, and being grants authentic >Being-Towards-Death< significance. The thesis maps out the actual course of Being-Towards-Death as is exhibited in the Compsons' tragedy: that is, >conscience< and >anxiety< awaken Dasein from the falling and thrownness; >to be its Being<, >resolution<, >potentiality-for-Being<, >anticipation< are in interplay with Dasein's authentic >Being-Towards-Death<. The tragic protagonists experience death in >anticipation<. Death is present to Dasein from the beginning to the end, and then death awareness reveals itself automatically. Thus their tragedies are revealed. Heidegger draws a line between his primordial temporality and physical time. In primordial temporality, >future<, >having been< and >Present< are temporalizing in unity. The author of the thesis tries to expound on the tragic hero's death at some strength: 1. in temporality of anxiety, admittedly, the protagonist's temporal modalities of the >future< and the >Present< temporalize in the >having been<. The thesis highlights the fact that the protagonist holds on to the possibility of death, so he possesses the >future< in temporality. 2. The protagonist negates the mode of the >Present< in designs of returning to >repeatability< of thrownness and to the mode of >having been<. Ontological temporality reveals the protagonist instills meanings to the tradition he firmly pursues. Ultimately, the protagonist's suicide belongs to the tragedy of transcendence, which is transcending the boundary of death spiritually. He actualizes the pursuit of love and eternity. Suicide offers his retreat into spiritual primeval paradise in >having been<.– Part five is a conclusion, which underlines the central theme and significance of this tragedy. In addition to this, the author of the thesis stretches out the potentials for further study on this subject. N2 - 自1929年小说《喧哗与骚动》的出版,美国小说家威廉•福克纳立刻声名大振。该小说是一部关于人类存在意义的悲剧,主人公遮蔽了本真的自我,从而丧失生存的本质。运用萨特自由论、海德格尔死亡现象学、弗洛姆及马克思的异化理论对悲剧本质的揭示,目的是探索康普生家族悲剧的心理世界。论文分五个部分。本论文第一部分绪论简短地介绍了美国战后南方人的生存困境,以及福克纳创作的哲学思想与存在主义的关联。第二部分指出:悲剧产生于人自身的生存困境。生存困境中理想与现实矛盾痛苦性导致冲突,冲突的必然性和厄运降临无法控阻性导致悲剧的发生。生存悲剧有三种相互关联本质的展现,即社会悲剧、精神悲剧、人本体悲剧。弗洛姆的社会普遍异化理论在康普生家族生存得以体现:社会异化、传统观念异化。人本体的精神悲剧性表现为:自恋行为、恋母情节、施虐与受虐四个方面。第三部分指出:自由、责任与处境和生存选择的关系中产生悲剧。追溯了不承担责任和错误的生存选择是造成康普生家族生存悲剧的根源。萨特认为人的存在是>自在<与>自为<相互关联并依靠中存在。在自由和责任巨大压力下,主人公在逃避心理支配下,放弃>自为<演变成>自在<存在,没有自由意识、没有责任,在缺失灵魂的自欺状态中掩盖真相,即在虚无中生存。在爱与恨、冷漠、受虐和施虐情感强烈对峙作用下,家族凸显出>他人就是地狱<的悲剧生存状况。女主人公在绝对自由选择和厄运降临不可控阻处境中,造成错误的选择,酿成生存的悲剧。第四部分指出:悲剧关乎死亡,生存论给予本真>向死而在<以意义。文中揭示悲剧中呈现出的>向死而在<全过程,即>良知<、>畏<使此在从被抛的沉沦中觉醒,实现>去存在<、>决断<、>本己能在<、>先行到死<、而完成本真向死存在的关联。康普生家族悲剧主人公在>先行到死<中体验死亡,死亡始终在场并在死亡意识中时有显现,悲剧也同时产生。海德格尔的本源时间与物理时间相异,在本源的>时间性<中,将来、曾在与当前共同到时。作者辩明:1、在>畏的时间性<中无可质疑的证明主人公的存在>将来<和>当前<在>曾在<中到时,主人公的>时间性<中有>将来<(持守死亡的可能性)。2、主人公否定>当前<时间性,企图回到被抛>重演<的>曾在<时间性中,生存论的>时间性<揭示主人公的死亡,实为追求传统。主人公自杀是超越的悲剧,在精神上超越了死亡的界限:对爱的价值的追求、对永恒的追求。自杀死亡实现了回归>曾在<中的精神家园。第五部分是对全文的总结。这一部分突出了此次研究的主题和意义,同时还指出了在该领域研究发展的方向。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ren, Lijie T1 - Break Through the Embarrassment of the Modern Liberality: >Escape from Freedom< [冲破现代自由的尴尬:《逃避自由》浅论] JF - Theoretic Observation [理论观察], No. 5 (2007), pp. 81-83. N2 - 弗洛姆是20世纪西方马克思主义法兰克福学派的代表人物,他的代表作《逃避自由》就把弗洛伊德的精神分析学同马克思的异化理论相结合,深入剖析了获得自由后的现代人生存的尴尬境状,揭示了引发这种现象的深刻的社会及心理原因。他从人与自然、人与社会及人与人之间的关系入手,对于人的生存的内在矛盾性及现代人不断争取、获得自由后,却又不断发生异化、逃离自由的心理机制进行了深层的解析与批判。并在此基础上提出了奠定发展健全人格、健全社会的基础的自由观。 Fromm is a representative figure of th弗洛姆是20世纪西方马克思主义法兰克福学派的代表人物,他的代表作《逃避自由》就把弗洛伊德的精神分析学同马克思的异化理论相结合,深入剖析了获得自由后的现代人生存的尴尬境状,揭示了引发这种现象的深刻的社会及心理原因。他从人与自然、人与社会及人与人之间的关系入手,对于人的生存的内在矛盾性及现代人不断争取、获得自由后,却又不断发生异化、逃离自由的心理机制进行了深层的解析与批判。并在此基础上提出了奠定发展健全人格、健全社会的基础的自由观。 N2 - Fromm is a representative figure of the 20th century Western Marxist Frankfurt School, his masterpiece >Escape from Freedom< took Freud's psychoanalysis combined with Marx's theory of alienation, in-depth analysis to be free after the survival of the modern the awkward territory like to reveal the profound social and psychological reasons that lead to this phenomenon. Start from the relationship between man and nature, man and society, and people, for the survival of the human internal contradictions and modern continually strive to be free, but constantly alienation, flee free psychological mechanism deep analytical and critique. On this basis, the development has laid a sound personality and sound social basis of the concept of freedom. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - He, Aili T1 - On the Orientations of the Characters in >Desire under the Elms< and the Root of Tragedy [论《榆树下的欲望》中人物的性格取向与悲剧根源] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Social Science) [重庆理工大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 10 (2007), pp. 117-119. N2 - This paper analyzes complicated orientations of the characters in >Desire Under the Elms<, an early work of Eugene O’Neill, a famous playwright of the U.S. From the perspective of humanistic ethicist Erich Fromm’s theory of the relationship between the character orientations of different types of people and personal and family happiness, this paper discusses the root of the tragedy of the characters in the play and reveals the practical significance of re-reading Desire Under the Elms under the back ground of the present times. N2 - 分析了美国著名剧作家尤金.奥尼尔的早期作品《榆树下的欲望》中的人物所具有的相当复杂的性格结构。从人道主义伦理学家埃.弗洛姆关于人的不同类型的性格取向与个人和家庭幸福的关系理论的角度,探讨该剧中人物悲剧的根源,揭示在当前时代背景下重读《榆》的现实意义。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Han, Wenyan T1 - Fromm’s Critical Character Structure Theory [弗洛姆性格结构批判理论探析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2007. N2 - This paper deeply analyses and explains the theoretical meanings and realistic significances of the Fromm critical theory in character structure according to the carding of its theoretical foundation and content from cultural critical view.– First of all, this article approves that Fromm had synthesized Marxist Philosophy and Freud’s theories carrying on the critical spirit for the social critical theory of Marx and Frankfurt School by revealing the theoretical basis of Fromm critical theory in character structure.– Secondly, by carding the main content of Fromm critical theory in character structure from cultural field to penetrate holding and understanding the Fromm theories, the goal of Fromm critical theory in character structure is to establish concordant society has been confirmed.– Finally, this essay explains the modern value of Fromm critical theory in character structure from the theoretical meanings and realistic significances, outstanding the realistic significances of Marxism, analysis the realistic aspects during the period of the social reformation in China. N2 - 本文从文化批判的视角对弗洛姆性格结构批判理论的理论基础、主要内容进行梳理,从而对其理论意义和现实意义进行了深入的分析和阐释。首先,对弗洛姆性格结构批判理论的理论基础的揭示,本文认为,弗洛姆继承了马克思和法兰克福社会批判理论的批判精神,达到了对马克思哲学和弗洛伊德学说的综合;其次,从文化视角对弗洛姆性格结构批判理论主要内容的梳理和挖掘,达到了对弗洛姆理论的深刻理解和把握,进而指出,弗洛姆性格结构批判理论的目标是生成健全的社会;最后,本文从理论和现实意义上,对弗洛姆性格结构批判理论的当代价值进行阐释,突出了马克思主义的当代意义,深入分析了社会转型时期中国文化的现实问题。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Liuyi T1 - Remodeling the Love Concept for Survival – Fromm’s Love Theory and Contemporary Implications [重塑爱的生存理念——对弗洛姆爱的理论的思考及当代启示 ] JF - Theory Horizon [理论界], No. 2 (2007), pp. 179-180. N2 - 通过对弗洛姆爱的理论内涵的思考和探讨,笔者体察到了爱对于人生存的那份意义和价值,并且在对现时代爱的错位的反思中,认识到了重塑爱的生存理念的必要性。 N2 - Through reflection and discussion on the theoretical meaning of Fromm love, I observe that the share of the significance and value of love for human survival, and dislocation reflection of the current era of love and understanding to reshape love the idea of the necessity of survival. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Pietikainen, Petteri T1 - Alchemists of Human Nature: Psychological Utopianism in Gross, Jung, Reich and Fromm, London (Pickering & Chatto) 2007. T3 - History of Political Thought, Imprint Academic, Vol. 25 (No. 1, 2004), pp. 86-115. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pei, Lei T1 - Abnormal Human Nature [人性的畸变], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2007, 46 pp. [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Gulong is one of the most famous novelists of Wuxia-novel in China. He changed the traditional wuxia-novel completely than others because of he had created a lot of abnormal characters. Abnormal mentality is a special type of human nature. It happens when human nature becomes abnormal. It is very important in understanding the depth of human nature by studying it. Narcissism, Sadomasochism, and Neurosis are listed in CCMD-3. They are prevalent in modern society. Gulong fixed attention on the soul of the characters. He wants to pursue healthier human nature. There are three parts in this paper. – The first part studies the narcissists in Gulong’s novel. Their libido could not reflect to the outside world and other people. They only care about themselves.– The second part researches the sadists and masochists in Gulong’s novel. The two kind of abnormal mentalities are not simple sexual abnormality. They are not opposite. They are two sides of one object and always called >S-M<. The brutality of human nature, weakness and controlling passion are the reasons.– The third part analyzes the neurotics in Gulong’s novel. The anxiety and hostility are the reasons of neurosis. This paper uses the depth psychology theories that created by Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud and American psychologists Erich Fromm and Karen Horney. It reviews these three types of people in physiological and cultural angle of view. It suggests that Gulong have reached a high level of digging the depth of humanity by analyzing the characters’ behavior and mentality. [Author's translation] N2 - 古龙是20世纪华语文坛最著名的武侠小说家之一,他对源远流长的武侠小说所进行的现代性的转换,比以往的武侠小说家更为彻底,其中一个重要原因在于他塑造了一系列心理变态的人物典型。变态心理是人性发展的一种特殊形式,是人格发生畸变所致,对其进行研究,对于理解人性的深度与限度是非常重要的。病理性自恋、虐待狂与被虐待狂、神经症是我国精神障碍诊断标准与分类标准(CCMD-3)中已经确定的心理变态类型,在现代社会,尤为普遍。古龙以叙述者和倾听者的姿态,将笔触伸向人物的内心,关注正常外表下的扭曲灵魂。他塑造这样一些人物,不是为了满足猎奇者的眼光,而是为了探寻更加健康的人性。正文分为三个部分,第一部分考察古龙笔下的自恋狂形象——他们的力比多因为种种原因无法向外投射,从而将注意力集中在自身,并且也不能对他人产生移情。第二部分主要考察古龙小说中的虐待狂与被虐待狂形象,通过分析表明这两种人物的变态心理远不只是单纯的性变态那样简单,而且也不是对立的,它们是一体的两面,在本质上有共通之处,可称为>虐待—被虐待症<。它们的形成与人类的残忍本能、软弱倾向以及绝对无限制的控制另一个生命的激情有关。第三部分则用有关神经症的类型的理论,以古龙的《天涯•明月•刀》中两个主要人物为例,分析古龙塑造的两种典型的神经症患者形象,并通过对其童年经验的追溯,说明了由于他们的基本焦虑与基本敌视导致了神经症的发生。本文主要采用奥地利心理学家弗洛伊德及其后学美国心理学家弗洛姆和荷妮等人的精神分析理论,从生理和社会文化的角度考察古龙所塑造的这三类具有精神障碍的人群。通过对这些人物行为模式的分析和心理根源的追溯,说明古龙对于人性的挖掘已经达到了一个崭新的高度 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - McLaughlin, Neil T1 - Escape from Evidence? Popper, Social Science, and Psychoanalytic Social Theory JF - Dialogue, Canadian Philosophical Association, Vol. XLVI (2007), pp. 761-780. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheng, Jia T1 - Social Transition and Moral Education of Minors – Read Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [社会转型期未成年人道德教育问题研究——读弗罗姆的《逃避自由》] JF - Forum on Contemporary Education [当代教育论坛(教学版) ], No. 3 (2007), pp. 45-46. N2 - 埃里希.弗罗姆(Erich Fromm)是20世纪重要的思想家,其研究领域为社会心理学。《逃避自由》一书是奠定弗罗姆毕生研究方向的重要著作。在该书中,他描述了西方社会由封建制度转向资本主义制度这一 N2 - Erich Fromm was an important thinker of the 20th century, whose research was in the field of social psychology. Fromm's book, >Escape from Freedom<, was an important work that established the direction of his lifelong research. In it, he describes the shift of Western society from a feudal to a capitalist system. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Wenyue T1 - The Needs of Human Nature – Referring to Erich Fromm's >Marx Concept< [人之本性的诉求——读弗洛姆的《马克思关于人的概念》 JF - Journal of the Party School of CPC Zhengzhou Municipal Committee [中共郑州市委党校学报], No. 1 (2007), pp. 9-11. N2 - 对人的本性的诉求是贯穿在弗洛姆《马克思关于人的概念》这部著作中的主线,也是其人本主义马克思观的理论之基。弗洛姆以此出发阐释了其对马克思的人的概念、人的本质、异化理论及共产主义等问题的理解,虽多有偏颇,但对我们从另一个角度更全面地理解马克思也颇有启示和意义。 N2 - Aspirations of human nature throughout the mainline Fromm, >Marx concept< book the humanist Marxist concept of the theory of the base. Fromm this starting to explain the concept of Marx, human nature, alienation understanding of the theory and communism, many biased, but from another angle, a more comprehensive understanding of Marx is also quite inspiration and meaning. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Fengmei T1 - Reich's Freudian Marxist Thought and Its Implications [赖希的弗洛伊德主义马克思主义思想及其影响], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2007. N2 - || This paper, through the combing and analysis of Reich's Freudian Marxist thought, clarifies the theoretical interest of Reich's thought, and discusses his seminal contribution and his important influence on other Freudian Marxist thinkers. Firstly, the theoretical interest of Reich's thought is to realize the dialogue and integration between Freudianism and Marxism on the basis of consistency and complementarity, and to take the dialogue and integration of categories, theories and methods as a means. Secondly, he fused the problem of sexuality with socio-economic, political and revolutionary issues, thus creating the theory of personality structure analysis and the theory of >sexual revolution< based on the theory of sexual instincts, and >supplementing< the ideological theory of Marxism. He discussed the psychological basis of the emergence of fascism, criticized the revolutionary strategy of Soviet socialism, and so on. Thirdly, Reich's seminal contribution to Freudian Marxism had a significant impact on other Freudian Marxist thinkers, especially Marcuse, Fromm, Habermas and others. Of course, Reich's theories are still utopian and paranoid in some respects, and there are also some misinterpretations and misinterpretations of Marxism, but some of Reich's ideas and theories still shine with brilliance and light, and are still valuable and worthy of reference for us today. [Automatic translation] N2 - 本文通过对赖希弗洛伊德主义马克思主义思想的梳理和分析,阐明赖希思想的理论旨趣,探讨其开创性贡献及其对弗洛伊德主义马克思主义其他思想家的重要影响。首先,赖希思想的理论旨趣是实现弗洛伊德主义与马克思主义之间建立在一致性和互补性基础之上的对话和融合,并以范畴、理论、方法的对话与融合作为途径。其次,他将性的问题和社会经济、政治、革命等问题相融合起来,从而创立了性本能理论基础上展开的性格结构分析理论、>性革命<理论,并对马克思主义的意识形态理论进行了>补充<,探讨了法西斯主义产生的心理基础,批判了苏联社会主义的革命策略等。第三,赖希对弗洛伊德主义马克思主义具有开创性贡献,对弗洛伊德主义马克思主义其他思想家,特别是马尔库塞、弗洛姆哈贝马斯等产生了重大影响。当然,赖希的理论还带有乌托邦主义的色彩,而且在某些方面仍然是偏执的,对马克思主义也存在着某些误读和曲解,但是赖希的某些思想理论仍然闪烁着异彩和光辉,对于今天的我们仍然是宝贵的和值得借鉴的。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Guilian T1 - Making the Most of Our Freedom [善用我们的自由], Master thesis, Ethics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 2007. N2 - The central theme of the teachings of Erich Fromm, a leading Western social philosopher and psychologist of the twentieth century, was the plight of modern man and the way out. In view of the touchstones of the times and the considerations of the academic point of departure, the idea of freedom is the first issue addressed by Fromm's entire doctrine. Fromm reveals the double meaning of freedom in terms of both negative and positive freedom, pointing out that while freedom makes one more independent, it also leads one to loneliness, which presupposes two attitudes towards one's own freedom - the pursuit of freedom or the flight from it. People by nature desire and seek freedom, but when freedom becomes an unbearable burden to the individual, the tendency to avoid it arises. Escaping from freedom and reverting to dependence and subservience does not lead one to happiness, nor does it resolve the contradiction inherent in freedom between individualization and loneliness. The only way out is to strive for positive freedom, and there are two paths to positive freedom: the attainment of human wholeness through creative love and work, and the establishment of a humanist socialist society. In the course of this discussion, the paper presents a dialectical analysis of Fromm's ideas on freedom, examining both the contributions and shortcomings of his theories and suggesting their relevance to China's social reality. [Automatic translation] N2 - 埃利希·弗洛姆是二十世纪西方著名的社会哲学家和心理学家,其学说的核心主题是现代人的困境和出路。鉴于当时时代背景的触动和学术出发点的考虑,自由思想成了弗洛姆整个学说中首先论述的问题。弗洛姆从消极自由和积极自由两个方面来揭示自由的双重含义,指出自由虽然让人变得更加独立,但也让人陷入孤独当中,这预示着人对自身之自由产生两种态度——追求自由或者逃避自由。人在本质上是渴望并追求自由的,但当自由变成个人不堪忍受的负担时,逃避自由的趋势便应运而生。逃避自由,重新去依赖和屈从,并不能把人引向幸福,也不能解决自由所固有的矛盾即个体化和孤独感之间的矛盾。只有争取积极自由才是出路所在,而通往积极自由的途径有两条:一是通过创造性的爱和工作来达到人的健全,二是建立人道主义的社会主义社会。本文在论述的过程当中对弗洛姆的自由思想进行了辩证的剖析,既看到其理论的贡献之处也分析了其不足之处,并提出了其对于我国社会现实的借鉴意义。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Yan T1 - On Fromm’s Modern Comment on the Dilemma of Human Existence [论弗洛姆对人生存困境的现代性批判], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Northeast Normal University, Changshun, Jilin, China 2007. N2 - Erich Fromm was a renowned psychologist, sociologist and philosopher of the 20th century and the founder of humanistic psychoanalysis. In the field of psychology, he is a representative of the cultural school of psychoanalysis, and in the field of philosophy, he is one of the representatives of the Frankfurt School and of >Western Marxism<. He has written extensively and his scholarly activity covers the fields of philosophy, ethics, psychology, sociology and religious studies. The question of human existence runs through his thought. At the heart of Erich Fromm's teachings are the dilemmas of modern human existence and the way out. He was not concerned with a few mentally ill people or self-actualized people, but with the dilemmas of survival and the answers to the questions of the majority of people. The main body of the paper is divided into three parts: the first part is devoted to presenting Fromm's modern understanding of the human dilemma. Through >Escape from Freedom<, >Man for Himself< and >The Sane Society<, Fromm has made a comprehensive analysis of the survival situation of modern man and concluded that >escape from freedom and alienation< are the unique dilemmas of modern man's life. According to Fromm, the common human existence has given rise to three kinds of contradictions, namely, the contradiction between life and death, the contradiction between the transience of life and the infinity of potential, and the contradiction between individuation and loneliness. In order to resolve these existential contradictions, people develop various spiritual needs. The social personality and the social unconscious are the ways in which people meet these needs in certain situations. >The existential contradictions of >individualization and loneliness< dictate that people both relentlessly pursue freedom and, at the same time, escape in various ways from the >negative freedom< that is so prevalent in today's society. Man's alienation as manifested in Western society.– The second part aims to provide a comprehensive overview and exploration of Fromm's modern critical thinking on the dilemma of human existence. Fromm proposes two solutions to the dilemma of human existence. In order to eliminate the alienation of human nature and achieve a >sound society<, Fromm argues that one is to develop the capacity for reason and love, and the other is to carry out a comprehensive >social reform< of the politics, economy and culture of capitalist society.– The third part is an evaluation of Fromm's anthropological thought on the basis of the Marxist anthropological point of view, based on the preceding comprehensive and systematic introduction of Fromm's anthropological thought. Fromm's thought on human nature is not only of great theoretical significance, but also has important reference significance for the soundness and development of human nature in the construction of China's socialist modernization. [Automatic translation] N2 - 埃利希·弗洛姆是20世纪著名的心理学家、社会学家和哲学家,人本主义精神分析学的创始人。在心理学领域,他是精神分析文化学派的代表人物和集大成者;在哲学领域,他又是法兰克福学派和>西方马克思主义<的代表人物之一。他著述颇丰,学术活动涉及哲学、伦理学、心理学、社会学和宗教学等领域。人的生存问题则贯穿其思想的始终。埃利希·弗洛姆学说的核心是现代人的生存困境与出路。他一生的研究工作都是围绕现代工业化商品经济社会里人的生存处境和心态问题来展开的,他关心的不是少数心理疾病患者或自我实现者,而是大多数人的生存困境和解答问题。本文主体共分三个部分:第一部分主要是介绍弗洛姆对人的生存困境的现代理解。弗洛姆他通过《逃避自由》、《追寻自我》、《健全的社会》,对现代人的生存状况进行了,全面的剖析得出>逃避自由和异化<是现代人特有的生活困境。弗洛姆认为,人类共同的生存境遇产生了三种生存矛盾即生与死、生命的短暂与潜能的无限、个体化与孤独感的矛盾。为了解决这些生存矛盾,人产生了种种精神需要。社会性格和社会无意识是人们在一定处境下满足这些需要的方式。>个体化与孤独感<的生存矛盾决定了人们既要不懈地追求自由,又以各种方式逃避>消极的自由<,这种>消极的自由<在当今的西方社会中表现为人的异化。第二部分旨在对弗洛姆的人的生存困境的现代批判思想进行全面的梳理与探究。弗洛姆针对人的生存困境提出了他的两种解答方案。为了消除人性的化异,达到一个>健全的社会<,弗洛姆认为一个是要大力发展理性与爱的能力,另一个具体措施是要对资本主义社会的政治、经济、文化进行一场全面>的社会改革<。第三部分主要是在前面——弗洛姆的人学思想全面系统地介绍的基础上,依据马克思主义的人学观点对弗洛姆的人学思想进行评价。弗洛姆的人性思想不仅具有重大的理论意义,而且对我国社会主义现代化建设中人性的健全与发展具有重要的借鉴意义。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Jing T1 - Existential Alienation and Humanism – Interpretation of Fromm's >Marx's Concept of Man<] [生存异化与人道主义人性观 - 对弗洛姆《马克思关于人的概念》的解读], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2007. N2 - Marx's >Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844< (hereinafter referred to as >Manuscript<) has had a profound impact worldwide since its birth. Fromm believes that >Manuscript< is one of Marx's most important works. >Marx's Concept of Man< is based on the manuscript, and makes a unique interpretation of Marx's concepts of historical materialism, humanity and alienation. The full text is divided into four parts: The first part briefly discusses some scholars' distortion of Marx's historical materialism, and Fromm's criticism of Marx's distortion of historical materialism. The root cause of this misunderstanding is modern society. Universal alienation of survival. The second part mainly discusses Fromm's survival alienation theory. He expanded Marx's theory of alienated labor and believed that alienation is everywhere and from time to time. Human history itself is a history of continuous human development and alienation. The third part mainly expounds Fromm's humanitarian humanity view. His questioning and criticism of vulgar materialism and his theory of survival alienation are all ultimately due to the reconstruction of full humanity and humane care for humanity. He believes that the essence of Marxism is humanism, and the goal is to achieve humanitarian socialism. The fourth part evaluates Fromm's theory of survival alienation and humanitarianism, and points out its essence and its dross. [Automatic translation] N2 - 马克思的《1844年经济学——哲学手稿》(以下简称《手稿》)自诞生,便在世界范围内产生了深远的影响,弗洛姆认为《手稿》是马克思最重要的著作之一,他的《马克思关于人的概念》便是以手稿为研究基点,对马克思的历史唯物主义、人性及异化等概念做出了其独特的阐释。全文共分为四个部分:第一部分,简要论述了某些学者对马克思历史唯物主义的歪曲,以及弗洛姆对马克思历史唯物主义庸俗化歪曲的批判,造成这一误解的根源便是现代社会普遍性的生存异化。第二部分,主要论述了弗洛姆的生存异化理论。他扩展了马克思的异化劳动理论,认为异化无处不在,无时不有。人类历史本身就是人不断发展同时又不断异化的历史。第三部分,主要阐述了弗洛姆的人道主义人性观。他对庸俗唯物主义的质疑与批判和他的生存异化理论,最终都归结于充分人性的重建和对人的人道关怀。他认为马克思主义的实质就是人道主义,目标是实现人道主义的社会主义。第四部分,对弗洛姆的生存异化理论与人道主义进行评价,指出其精华所在,同时指出其糟粕之处。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turkel, Ann Ruth T1 - Sugar and Spice and Puppy Dogs' Tails: The Psychodynamics of Bullying JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 243-258. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turco, Ronald N. T1 - Review Richard D. Chessick: The Future of Psychoanalysis JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 345-346. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Young, Barbara T1 - The Efficacy of Psychoanalysis and the Analytic Therapies: Reflections of a Psychoanalyst and her Former Patients JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 313-334. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Whitehead, Clay C. T1 - Review Jerome A. Winer (Ed.): The Annual of Psychoanalysis, Rethinking Psychoanalysis and the Homosexualities JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 340-344. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - West, Sharon T1 - Female Command Presence: Different Problems, Different Powers JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 085-096. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wharton, Ralph N. T1 - Review Jerome Kagan: An Argument for Mind JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 691- Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Yong T1 - The Study of the Politics in Popular Culture 大众文化政治研究, Doctoral dissertation, Literature and Art, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2007 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 在经过十多年的发展后,中国的大众文化研究逐渐走向成熟,许多深层次的理论问题一一暴露出来,大众文化政治问题就是其中的一个。可以说,>政治<一直是大众文化研究或隐或显的主题之一,这个主题需要思考的是:大众文化问题是在什么意义上成为政治问题的?它的内涵是什么?应该怎样认识和评价这种内涵?在某种意义上,研究大众文化政治不仅是一个理论探讨的问题,它还是一个思想解放的问题。然而目前关于这个问题的系统的研究还比较缺乏。本文将从这种问题意识出发,分别从商品、语言和美学三个维度入手对大众文化政治进行研究,以求达到理论探讨和实践分析的双重突破。本文共分四章:第一章梳理大众文化研究的基本概念和理论范式。>大众文化<本来是一个西方语境中的概念,但在文化研究成为前沿显学的时候,中国学界常常把大众文化当成一个不言自明的概念在使用。然而任何一个社会的词语都不是纯粹中性和客观的知识,它背后都隐藏着政治利益和权力斗争。西方大众文化研究在选择用popular culture(褒义)还是mass culture(贬义)来命名大众文化的时候,更多地是出于立场与评价方面的考虑。例如阿多诺使用的是mass culture,甚至是culture industry(文化工业),洛文塔尔则是mass culture和popular culture混用,而到了当前的费斯克等人则完全舍弃mass culture而使用popular culture。这个用语的转变体现的是对大众文化认识和评价的转变,即从否定大众文化(法兰克福学派主流)到肯定大众文化(英美文化批评)的转变。大众文化这个西方概念在进入中国语境时不可避免地与民间文化、通俗文化、革命性大众文化等概念发生语义上的纠缠,为了捍卫大众文化的独立性,肯定其积极的政治潜能,一些学者有意识地把大众文化与其它相似概念区分开来,并且对大众文化进行了现代意义上的界定。接下来,本章着重梳理了大众文化研究范式转换的历史,总体来看,它表现为从注重政治经济学批判的社会分析向注重符号解读的文化研究转换的过程。不同的研究范式对应着不同的政治立场。当前大众文化研究所处的困境之一是批判的弱化和政治关怀的空洞化,学界有种观点认为这种不良状况是由社会分析的退场和符号解读的兴起导致的,由于政治经济学范式可以做到对文化和社会进行细致深入地分析,并且将这种分析建立在坚实的社会实践基础之上,因此它能够在很大程度上弥补当前文化研究的某些不足。这种观点可以说切中当前大众文化研究的弊端,但是我们认为,如果社会分析的再出场就意味着符号解读的退场,那么我们又将失陷在另一种历史话语的迷宫之中。要解决这些复杂的问题,在学科上必须实现政治经济学与文化研究的统一,在研究范式上必须实现社会分析与符号解读的统一。本章最后本着这种范式理想,以改革开放后的中国社会为个案分析了社会结构与大众文化功能之间的对应关系:如果说现代社会的中间层是整个社会的政治稳压器,那么中间层所代表的大众文化也是文化意识形态领域的稳压器,稳压器的作用就是削峰填谷,所以大众文化既反对保守,也反对盲目的激进。第二章从商品维度入手分析大众文化政治。与传统文化形式相比,大众文化具有一种赤裸裸的商品性,它力图通过大众对批量化生产的文化产品的消费与其它商品一样实现利润最大化,并且大众文化从来都不否认自己与资本的紧密联系,然而正是因为大众文化所具有的商品性这个特殊属性才使得它与传统文化形式区分开来。从这个意义上看,文化商品化是大众文化研究首先需要面对的问题。文化商品化到底是导致了艺术堕落和专制统治还是促进了文化普及和民主自由,这是学界争论的焦点。法兰克福学派正统思想认为艺术向商业屈服甚至献媚是艺术最大的堕落,这种堕落的结果就是负载着资本主义统治意识形态的大众文化的制造与流行。我们之所以要把精力首先集中在文化商品化的历史考察上,其中一个重要原因就在于法兰克福学派对文化商品化的批判深深地影响了中国知识分子对于文化商品化的认识,进而左右了中国知识分子对大众文化的判断。单纯的争论是无济于事的,这需要我们对文化商品化的历史进行深入地考察。文化发展的史实表明,文化商品化促进了文化公共性的兴起,这主要表现在以下三个方面:其一是作为文化生产者的公共知识分子的产生;其二是作为文化传播者的大众传媒的产生;其三是作为大众文化消费者的市民阶层的产生。文化公共性进一步促进了政治公共性的产生,但是通过商品化而得以暂时逃脱政治束缚的文化却又面临着落入资本圈套的危险。在消费社会语境下,如何正确认识批判精神与消费意识的关系,如何保持公共领域与私人空间的平衡在很大程度上取决于我们能否深入研究并且正确认识大众文化的符号政治经济学。第三章从语言维度入手分析大众文化政治。后现代社会的特征并不仅仅是>经济变成了文化,文化变成了经济<,从某种意义上说,它更表现为>传媒变成了文化,文化变成了传媒<。科技的每一次飞跃都会带来传媒的巨大发展,传媒的巨大发展及其对大众文化的深刻影响则又会反过来促使人们不断地修正对传媒和文化的认识,而每一次这样的修正都是以更为广泛的语言理论变革为思想背景的。法兰克福学派的弗洛姆等人从卢卡奇的总体性思想和弗洛伊德的精神分析理论出发,把语言定位为社会意识的过滤器,这个比喻暗示了语言的单向度特征。马尔库塞进一步揭示了单向度语言得以实现的秘密,即抽掉历史和反对抽象,他认为唯一能有效对抗单向度语言的办法就是重新引入历史维度和辩证法。单向度语言已经渗透到日常生活和大众媒介的领域,阿多诺就对广播和电视等单向度媒介进行了批判。这个历史阶段是马克•波斯特所谓的第一媒介时代,它的语言理论背景是结构主义语言学。随着语言理论从结构主义向后结构主义的转向,互文性理论对大众传媒的研究产生了深远影响,受众研究被推向了前台。以霍尔为代表的理论家们逐渐认识到文本的意义并不是编码者单向决定的,它取决于编码者与解码者之间的对话,文化和传媒是一种活动、一种过程和一种意识形态斗争的场。再后来,作为第二媒介时代之标志的互联网的发明使互文性在文化实践中真正得以实现,文本进一步发展为超文本,超文本不仅解构了逻各斯中心主义,更重要的是它赋予了大众更多的表达政治诉求的话语空间。尽管学界对于大众传媒的民主性存有争议,然而不可否认的是,随着传媒技术的日益发展,大众获得了越来越多的知情权和话语权,我们不能苛求大众传媒,因为绝对的民主和平等只是遥远的乌托邦。第四章从美学维度入手分析大众文化政治。美学在诞生之初是关于感性的学问,它自启蒙运动以来一直是哲学竭力进入生活世界的途径。审美一直被界定为普遍与特殊、理性与身体冲动在>心灵法则<之下发生潜在冲突的领域,这样美学就不得不关涉到意识形态,从这个意义上讲,现代美学在根本上就具有了政治性。身体快感作为一个与艺术美感相对的范畴,从某种意义上说就是大众文化的美学。随着身体美学的兴起,快感在大众文化时代日益成为一个政治问题。从阶级政治的角度看,在什么情况下快感会被知识分子视为>革命的统治的政治美学化<,快感被张扬甚至泛滥,那么快感就倾向于成为统治的工具。而在>艺术政治化<情况下,即在极权社会中,快感被压抑甚至被否定,那么快感则往往倾向于成为革命的工具。再从性别政治的角度看,大众文化到底是女性反抗男权的斗争场,还是男权统治女性的新领域?或者说女性对自己性别特征的充分表露到底是女性权利的张扬还是仅仅满足了男性的窥淫癖?各方观点争执不下。然而问题的关键并不在此,因为任何性别政治都必然关涉到民族国家和阶级政治,性别问题的解决不可能脱离民族国家和阶级问题的解决而单独进行。中国的大众文化研究发展到现在,面临的问题不是越来越少而是越来越多。对这些问题的研究要求我们摆脱非历史的和非语境化的研究模式,强调文化生产和知识生产的历史性和地方性,大众文化政治也只有放在具体的时间和空间维度中才能被准确地定位。从某种意义上说,对大众文化政治的分析不仅有利于把大众文化研究推向深入,还有利于打开一扇探究现代性问题的窗口。 N2 - After ten years’ development, popular culture study in China has entered a mature stage, with many in-depth questions coming out, one of which being the political problem in popular culture. >Politics<, whether explicitly or implicitly has always been an issue in popular culture study, which deals with the following questions: For what purpose popular culture study become political? What is its connotation? And how should we understand it and evaluate its connotation? In a certain way, political study in popular culture is not only a theoretic matter, but also a matter of idealistic liberation. Yet, at present there is scarcely any systematic study on this issue. Therefore, this paper approaches this issue from three dimensions of commodity, language, and aesthetics, in order to make breakthrough both in theoretic discussion and practical analysis. This paper consists of four parts. Chapter one sorts out the basic concepts and theoretic paradigms of popular culture study. >Popular culture< is a concept in western context, but Chinese scholars have often used it as a self-evident concept since Cultural Studies became a trend in china. However, no social word is entirely neutral and objective knowledge, behind which hides political interests and power struggles. The choice of whether commendatory wording >popular culture< or derogatory >mass culture< depends on the user’s standpoint and evaluation of it. For instance, Adorno uses mass culture or culture industry; Löwenthal, a combination of mass culture and popular culture; Fiske and others, only popular culture. The change of the wording indicates the change of attitudes towards popular culture, i.e. from negative attitude of Frankfurt school to positive attitude of British and American criticism. When the concept >popular culture< was introduced into China, it entangled with other concepts as folk culture, popular culture, revolutionary mass culture. In order to main the autocephaly of popular culture and affirm its positive political potential, some scholars distinguished it from other concepts and gave it a modern definition. Then this chapter goes on to sort out the shifting history of the paradigms of popular culture study, which changed from social analysis focusing on political and economical criticism to cultural studies centered around semeiotic explanation. The different paradigms of study correspond to different political positions. At present, one of the difficulties facing popular culture study is the weakening of criticism and the emptiness of political concern, which according to some scholars, was caused by the absence of social analysis, and the rising up of semeiotic study. As political and economical paradigm carries out a thorough analysis of culture and society which is based on the solid social practice, it can make up to the deficiency of the current cultural study. While this view hits the point, it does not mean the recovery of social analysis requires the refuse of semeiotic explanation. On the contrary, to solve the present problem, we must realize the unification of both political economics and semeiotics in disciplinary, and the unification of social analysis and semiotic study in paradigm. According to this paradigm, the end of this chapter analyzes the corresponding relation between the social structure and the function of popular culture study based on the case study of China after the reform and opening policy: if the middle sphere of a modern society is the regulator of the whole society, then popular culture which is the representative culture of the middle sphere will be the regulator of cultural ideology. Hence, popular culture is against both conservative and blindfold radicalists. Chapter two analyzes the politics in popular culture from the perspective of commodity. It is undeniable that the nature of popular culture is to make the most benefits by mass production of cultural products, just like other commodities, which distinguishes popular culture from traditional forms of culture. In this sense, the merchandising of culture is one of the priorities for popular culture study. Whether the merchandising of culture leads to the degeneration of art and the autocratic domination or promotes popularity of culture and freedom and democracy remains the focus of argumentation for scholars. One of the important reasons for us to put emphasis first on the historical survey of the merchandising of culture is that the criticism of the merchandising of culture by Frankfurt school has had such great influence upon Chinese scholars that it resulted in their negative judgment about popular culture. However, the history of cultural development shows that the merchandising of culture promotes the publicity of culture, which includes the birth of public intellectuals as cultural producers the birth of mass media as cultural transmitter and the birth of middle class as cultural consumers. While the publicity of culture promotes the birth of political publicity, the merchandising of culture faces the danger of falling into the trap of capital. To well understand the relation between critical spirit and consumption consciousness, and balance public sphere with private space requires a deep understanding and a thorough investigation of semiotic political economics. Chapter three studies the politics in popular culture from the perspective of language. The feature of post-modern society is not only >economy becoming culture and culture becoming economy<, but also >media becoming culture and culture becoming media<. Every leap of science and technology has resulted in great development of media, whose profound influence upon popular culture in turn has led to better understanding of media and culture, in which the change of linguistic theory always plays the background. Based on Lukacs’s collectivity and Freud’s psychoanalysis, Fromm and other scholars of Frankfurt School defined language as the filter of ideology which implies language’s one-dimensional feature. Marcus pointed out that the secrete of one-dimensional language is its breaking away from history and its objection against abstraction, hence the only way to fight one-dimensional language is to restore history and dialectics in language. One-dimensional language has spread over everyday life and mass media, the latter was one of the critical topics of Adorno’s. This is the first era of media with the structural linguistics as its background. Then as linguistic theory shifted from structuralism to post-structuralism, inter-textuality began to exert great influence upon the study of mass media. Consequently, reception study became popular. The theorists represented by Hall realized that the meaning of text is not decided by the encoder alone, but it also depends on the communication between the encoder and the decoder, and hence culture and media is an activity, a process and an arena for ideological struggle. Later after that, the invention of internet, which marked the beginning of the second media era, helped the realization of inter-textuality in cultural practice, and text turned into hyper text, which deconstructed Logos and provided more discourse space for the mass to express their political views. Although there are disputes over the democracy of mass media, the fact which cannot be denied is that the mass gain more rights to know and speak as the result of the development of media technology, therefore, we should not be too critical towards mass media because absolute democracy and equality is just a Utopia. Chapter four studies popular culture from the perspective of aesthetics. Aesthetics, which was the knowledge about feeling when it came into being, has been taken as the way into life by philosophy since enlightenment movement. As aesthetics has been defined as the field for the struggle between the universal and the particular, reason and physical impulse, it has to be involved with ideology, in which sense, modern aesthetics is involved with politics. The pleasure of body as opposed to artistic beauty is in some way the aesthetics of popular culture. AS the rise of physical aesthetics, pleasure is becoming a political issue in an era of popular culture. Under what circumstances pleasure will be considered as >revolutionary< by intellectuals? If, under the spell of commodities, pleasure as aesthetics joins politics hand in hand, i.e. so-called >aesthetication of politics<, then pleasure will overflow and turn into the instrument of domination. On the other hand, if in a society of dictatorship, pleasure is oppressed or even denied, i.e. >politicalization of art<, then pleasure becomes the tool of revolution. From the perspective of gender, is popular culture the arena for women’s revolt against men’s authority or the new field for men’s ruling of women? Or in other words, does women’s entire exposure of their sexual features speak for women’s rights or only meet men’s desire to peep into women’s privacy? However hot the debate is, the key of this issue is outside it because any gender politics must concern the nation and the class politics. Up till now the development of popular culture in china, the problems facing it is not becoming fewer, but more. To solve these problems, we must pay enough attention to the history and the locality of cultural and intellectual production, and only in specific time and space, can popular culture be properly assessed. In a sense, the analysis of the politics in popular culture will not only deepen popular culture study, but also open a window to the study of modernity.] [Author’s translatio Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wain, Harold J. A1 - Gabriel, Geoffrey M. T1 - Psychodynamic Concepts Inherent in a Biopsychosocial Model of Care of Traumatic Injuries JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 555-574. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Preface to Barbara Young's >The Efficacy of Psychoanalysis and the Analytic Therapies: Reflections of a Psychoanalyst and her Former Patients< JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 313. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review David Malan and Patricia Coughlin Delia Selva: Lives Transformed: A Revolutionary Method of Dynamic Psychotherapy JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 519-521. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Arnold Cooper (Ed.): Contemporary Psychoanalysis in America: Leading Analysts Present Their Work JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 686-688. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Stefano Bolognini: Like Wind, Like Waves: Fables from the Land of the Repressed JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 689-690. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Filiaci, Carlo T1 - Review G. Pirooz Sholevar with Linda D. Schwoeri (Eds.): Textbook of Family and Couple Therapy; Clinical Applications JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 515. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fine, Paul T1 - Psychodynamic Psychiatry in Community Settings JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 431-442. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Forrest, David V. T1 - Buried Energy Reclaimed – Running a Locomotive and Other Delayed Fulfillments JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 347-350. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Javanbakht, Arash T1 - Review Keith J. Laidler: The Harmonious Universe: The Beauty and Unity of Scientific Understanding JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 694-696. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ivany, Christopher G. A1 - Gray, Sheila Hafter T1 - Franklin Delano Jones and War Psychiatry JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 001-012. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ingram, Douglas H. T1 - Review Althea J. Horner: Dealing with Resistance in Psychotherapy JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 335-336. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ingram, Douglas H. T1 - Review Myron L. Glucksman: Dreaming: An Opportunity for Change JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 511. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olarte, Silvia W. T1 - Review Glen O. Gabbard: Psychodynamic Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, Fourth Edition JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 692-693. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Davidson, Leah T1 - Review Daphne de Marneffe: Maternal Desire – On Children, Love and the Inner Life JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 516-518. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nunes, Jodo V. T1 - Psychodynamics Instruction in Early Undergraduate Medical Education JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 649-658. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muller, John P. T1 - A View From Riggs: Treatment Resistance and Patient Authority-IV: Why the Pair Needs the Third JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 221-242. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Price, Ann T1 - Review Ann D'Ercole and Jack Dresher (Eds.): Uncoupling Conventions - Psychoanalytic Approaches to Same-Sex Couples and Families JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 509-510. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silver, Ann-Louise S. T1 - Introduction to >Communicating with the Schizophrenic Superego Revisited: A New Technique< JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 477-482. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shaw, Jon A. T1 - The Acute Traumatic Moment – Psychic Trauma in War: Psychoanalytic Perspectives JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 023-038. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silvio, Joseph R. T1 - Review Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, by PDM Task Force JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 681-685. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marcus, Eric R. T1 - Transference and Countertransference to Medication and its Implications for Ego Function JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 211-218. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lombardo, Gregory T. T1 - An Inquiry into the Sources of Poetic Vision: Part I – The Path to Inspiration JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 351-372. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lombardo, Gregory T. T1 - An Inquiry into the Sources of Poetic Vision – Part II: The Artist's Transformation by the Rules of Play JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 627-648. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malone, Ricky D. A1 - Lange, Christopher L. T1 - A Clinical Approach to the Malingering Patient JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 013-022. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rubin, Jeffrey B. T1 - Be Careful What You Wish For: Going Beyond Compliance JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 203-210. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlesinger-Kipp, Gertraud T1 - Childhood in World War II: German Psychoanalysts Remember JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 541-554. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saks, Paul S. T1 - Aftermath: The Implicit Processes of Integrating Traumatic Experience in the Poetry of Siegfried Sassoon JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 591-604. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedman, Richard C. A1 - Downey, Jennifer I. T1 - Sexual Psychodynamics I: The Origins of Male Aggression JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 097-116. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stein, Herbert H. T1 - Combat Veterans: Impressions of an Analytic Observer in a Non-Analytic Setting JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 575-591. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Jicheng T1 - National Mentality and the Nazi’s Rising in the Weimar Republic [魏玛共和国的国民心态与纳粹的崛起], Master thesis, World History, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2007. N2 - 魏玛共和国时期的国民心态的形成和变化有着深刻的历史根源和社会背景,而不同的社会阶层有着不同的心态,阶层心态是社会心态的一种分解,它影响并支配着相关群体的行为。本文从不同社会阶层的心态入手,通过其外在表现和内在根源进行深入分析,探究其心态的源流和特征,从而对法西斯主义群体进行心理分析。借用心态史学和心理史学以及社会学的相关理论和方法,透析当时社会各阶层的心态与纳粹上台存在的内在联系,以及反法西斯势力因何失败,希特勒如何利用魏玛时期的国民心态进行蛊惑宣传并通过选举>合法<地登上政治舞台也是本文的研究内容。作者认为通过对魏玛国民心态和纳粹上台之间关系的分析,可以对纳粹的上台有更加深刻的认识。论文分为五章,第一章首先把当时的社会主要阶层分为四类:社会上层、社会中层、社会下层和特殊阶层,然后根据当时的社会背景和各个阶层在社会结构中扮演的角色来分析其不同的心态。第二章主要分析的是德国魏玛时代国民心态形成的原因,无论历史的渊源,还是现实的困境因素都潜移默化地影响着当时德国的国民心态。第三章总结了魏玛共和国时期国民心态的共同特征,指出了国民心态的畸形发展。第四章进行了法西斯主义的群体心理分析,介绍了赖希、弗洛姆、阿多尔诺、洛温伯格、阿谢尔等人的理论,透析法西斯主义产生的群众心理根源。最后一章讨论魏玛共和国国民心态和纳粹的互动和排斥,以及希特勒是如何利用当时社会阶层的心态运用心理战手法进行欺骗性的宣传,以最大程度地争取各阶层群众的;当时的国民心态中也存在反法西斯主义因素,本文试图解答,为什么这些反法西斯因素未能战胜法西斯因素,理性为何让位于非理性,为何不能阻止魏玛共和国的垮台和纳粹的上台,以及从中应该汲取哪些经验教训。 N2 - The national mentality’s formation and change has deep historical roots and social background in the Weimar Republic. Different social classes have different mentality, though class mentality compose the social mentality, the latter affects the correlative community’s behaviors. This paper begins from discussing the different social class mentality, its performance and underlying causes, origins and the characteristics of mentality etc., especially that of the Fascism community mentality. Borrowed theories and methods from the history of mentality and the psychological history as well as the sociology, the paper tries to explain the relationship between the mentality of various social classes at that time and the Nazi’s rise, as well as why the counter-Fascist forces were defeated, and how did Hitler utilize national mentality to deludingly propagandize and legitimately ascend the political arena through the election. The author think through the analysis of deep the Nazis rise to power and national mentality, it tries to provide a deep understanding of the Nazi’s rise to power. - The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter classifies the Weimar social classes into four kinds: the upper, the middle, the lower and the special classes. It analyzes their different mentalities in term of social background and the role that each social class played in the social system.– The second chapter discuss the reasons why national mentality forms in that formation in the era of Weimar Germany. It argues that various historical events and the social trouble factors, affected the German’s national mentality at that time.– The third chapter summarizes common characteristics of the national mentality in the Weimar Republic period, and points out the abnormal development of the national mentality.– The fourth chapter carries on a psychological analysis of fascism groups, introducing the theories of Reich, Fromm, Adorno, Peter Loewenberg , Harvey Asher etc., analyzing the popular psychological origin which produced the Fascism.– The last chapter of the thesis deals with the interaction and reaction between national mentality of the Weimar Republic and Nazi, as well as how Hitler took advantage of deceptive practices, trying to get the support from people of all social classes to the greatest extent. There were also anti-fascism in the national mentality. Why weren’t they able to defeat the fascist? Why rationality did gave away to irrational mentality? Why can’t it prevent the collapse of the Weimar Republic and the Nazi came to power, and what lessons should we learn from? All there were discussed in the thesis. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Cooper, Terry D. T1 - Dimensions of Evil. Contemporary Perspectives, Minneapolis (Fortress Press) 2007. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Corradi, Richard B. T1 - Turning Passive into Active: A Building Block of Ego and Fundamental Mechanism of Defense JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 393-416. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elmendorf, Donna A1 - Parish, Margaret T1 - A View From Riggs: Treatment Resistance and Patient Authority – V Silencing the Messenger: The Social Dynamics of Treatment Resistance JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 375-392. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haney, Aaron W. A1 - Gray, Sheila Hafter T1 - Association of a Training Psychotherapy Experience with Deployment Stress in Military Physicians JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 071-076. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hardaway, Thomas G. T1 - Introduction to Gertraud Schlesinger-Kipp: >Childhood in World War II: German Psychoanalysts Remember< JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 537-540. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Greene, Edward L. T1 - The Use of Patients' Metaphors to Assist in Mutative Interpretations JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 117-126. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Greene, Edward L. T1 - Review Gregory T. Lombardo: Understanding the Mind of Your Bipolar Child: The Complete Guide To The Development, Treatment, And Parenting Of Children With Bipolar Disorder JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 524-526. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leeman, Eve T1 - The Costs of Compliance JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 179-188. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohacsy, Ildiko A1 - Lefer, Heidi T1 - Money and Sentiment: A Psychodynamic Approach to Behavioral Finance JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 455-476. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perry, Christopher T. A1 - et al., T1 - The Body Remembers: Somatic Symptoms in Traumatized Khmer JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 077-084. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plakun, Eric M. T1 - A View From Riggs: Treatment Resistance and Patient Authority – Introduction to Paper IV JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 219-220. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plakun, Eric M. T1 - A View From Riggs: Treatment Resistance and Patient Authority – Introduction to Paper VI: Ave Schwartz: >Working with Family Resistance to Treatment< JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 605-606. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plakun, Eric M. T1 - A View From Riggs: Treatment Resistance and Patient Authority – Introduction to Paper V JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 373-374. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bucca, Maurizio T1 - The Clinical Thinking of Bion and the Art of the Zen Garden (Ryoan-ji) JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 659-668. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Can, Russell B. T1 - News From the Field, edited by Matthew Tolchin JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 669-676. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brookes, Crittenden E. T1 - Amplification of the Concept of Erroneous Meaning in Psychodynamic Science and in the Consulting Room JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 417-430. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Horner, Althea J. T1 - Commentary on Richard Brockman: >Freud, Darwin, and the Holding Environment< JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 137-140. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Horner, Althea J. T1 - Discussion of Ross's >Progression From Oral to Oedipal Themes: A Defense Against Experiences of Object Loss< – An Alternative Paradigm JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 279-286. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosenfield, Paul J. T1 - Poison or Cure: Meanings of Medication in Schizophrenia JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 189-202. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ross, Juliet M. T1 - Progression from Oral to Oedipal Themes: A Defense Against Experiences of Object Loss JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 259-268. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roe, David T1 - The Timing of Psychodynamically Oriented Psychotherapy Termination and its Relation to Reasons for Termination, Feelings About Termination, and Satisfaction With Therapy JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 443-454. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzalez-de-Rivera, Jose L. T1 - Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 173-178. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kudler, Harold T1 - The Need for Psychodynamic Principles in Outreach to New Combat Veterans and their Families JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 039-050. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klyman, Cassandra M. T1 - Review Nada L. Stotland and Donna E. Stewart (Eds.): Psychological Aspects of Women's Health Care: The Interface Between Psychiatry and Obstetrics and Gynecology JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 337-339. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwartz, Ave T1 - A View From Riggs: Treatment Resistance and Patient Authority – VI. Working With Family Resistance to Treatment JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 607-626. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Groddeck, Georg T1 - Der Mensch als Symbol. Unmaßgebliche Meinungen über Sprache und Kunst, ed. by Wolfgang Martynkewicz (= Groddeck Werke, im Auftrag der Georg Groddeck-Gesellschaft), Frankfurt am Main (Stroemfeld / Roter Stern) 2007. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cao, Yuchang T1 - Fromm’s Human Development Theory [弗洛姆个人发展理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 2007. N2 - Erich Fromm’s attention to human being is mainly from his deep Judaic family and education background; Freud’s psychoanalysis gives him a microcosmic angle on observing human being; while Marxian historical materialism lets him learn to inspect human being’s development in open and dynamic society. The ideal that Fromm develops about individual is to cultivate the >newcomer< on the basis of positive liberty and critique reason, who owns the productive character and the mode of being. However, besides existing survival contradiction, modern capitalist society is a null-condition society in which capitalist’s objective is to pursue the profit as possible as they can. In the society, the ruling class expands the capitalism ideological form to any human being’s survival corners with the help of the intermediary in social character and unconscious. Their aim is to transfer the modernist to a productive, consumptive, obedient, jointly enjoyable, unanimous >machine<.– Fromm refuses to take the defilade in people’s real nature. He sets off from society approach and ethics approach on the basis of analyzing, criticizing capitalist system, exploring various conditions which are helpful to individual development: the country should provide personal income that guarantees dignity; the production should be from disorder individual production to social production; the education should be developed in scientific spirit and humanity spirit, which are of equal importance; we can draw support from the psychoanalysis method and cultivate the loving ability. Fromm’s theory of personal development inherits and creatively interprets Marx’s free all-round development theory about human being, which shows the human being’s survival value, expressing the viewpoint to rescue human nature to reform society and perfect human being, which is of great significance in using for reference to the country and individual that are in the turning period. It is undeniable that Fromm’s theory has also some limits: he exaggerates the importance of >The Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844<, cuts apart human being’s instrument and teleological character, also ignores the decisive effect of practicing to human being’s nature. N2 - 弗洛姆对人的关注主要源于他浓厚的犹太家庭背景和教育背景;弗洛伊德的精神分析学给予他一个微观观察人类的视角;马克思的唯物史观则让他学会在开放、动态的社会发展中考察人的发展问题。弗洛姆关于个人发展的理想是要培育建立在积极自由、批判理性基础之上的拥有生产性性格和存在的生存方式的>新人<。然而,由于人类存在不可克服的生存矛盾,现代资本主义社会又是以最大限度追求利润为其主要目的的病态社会,在这样的社会中,统治阶级借助社会性格和社会无意识的中介,把资本主义的意识形态扩展到任何一个人类生存的角落,有目的地把现代人改造成生产、消费、顺从、共同享乐、步调一致的>机器<。弗洛姆不甘于人的真正本性的遮蔽,在分析、批判资本主义制度的基础上,从社会和伦理途径出发,积极寻求有利个人发展的各种条件,具体包括国家必须提供保证尊严的个人收入;生产应由无序的个人生产向社会生产过渡;教育应该是科学精神与人文精神并重;要借助精神分析的方法以及培育爱的能力。弗洛姆的个人发展理论传承并创造性地诠释了马克思关于人的自由全面发展理论,凸显了人的生存价值,清晰地表达了拯救人性以改造社会和完善人类的观点,这对于正处于转型时期的国家和个人来说,都具有重要的借鉴意义。不可否认,弗洛姆的理论具有局限性:夸大了马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的重要性,割裂了人的工具性与目的性的关系,忽视了实践对人的本质的决定性作用。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gibbs, Patricia L. T1 - The Primacy of Psychoanalytic Intervention in Recovery from the Psychoses and Schizophrenias JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 287-312. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glucksman, Myron L. T1 - Review Milton Kramer: The Dream Experience: A Systematic Exploration JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 512-524. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalman, Thomas P. T1 - Review Allison and Jay Rosen (Eds.): Frozen Dreams: Psychodynamic Dimensions of Infertility and Assisted Reproduction JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 522-523. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kingsley, George T1 - Contemporary Group Treatment of Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 051-070. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Katz-Bearnot, Sherry T1 - The Medical Education of Generation Rx JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 527-536. Y1 - 2007 ER -