TY - BOOK A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Obreros y empleados en vésperas del Tercer Reich, Un análisi psicológico-social, Buenos Aires (Fondo cultura economica), 2012, 431 pp. Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.fce.com.ar/ar/libros/detalles.aspx?IDL=7315 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Aggression. Warum ist der Mensch destruktiv? Pocket-Book 22. Freiburg (Centaurus Verlag) 2012, 50 pp. [Vgl. Fromm 1976e] Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.centaurus-verlag.de/aggression.html?xploidID=765a6780362fa9b6ac6322f6c061bc8b ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fromm, Erich A1 - Newman, Edwin T1 - Is Man Alive? Interview with Edwin Newman given in the NBC series >Speaking freely< on June 11, 1968. T2 - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 16 / 2012, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 5-14. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e16/2012a Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - On the Relativity of Conceptualization. (Maybe written in 1975 in connection with To Have Or to Be? as an >Appendix I< to a planned book particularly about Meister Eckhart and Karl Marx and religious concepts. The book was never realized.) JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 16 / 2012, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag). T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e16/2012b Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Althaus, Dieter A1 - Binkert, Hermann T1 - Auf die Tagesordnung der Politik: Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen, ja bitte! JF - G. W. Werner et al. (Eds.) Das Grundeinkommen. Würdigung - Wertungen - Wege, Karlsruhe (KIT Scientific Publishing) 2012, pp. 260-263. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Otte, Rainer T1 - Die Burnout-Lüge: Ganz normaler Wahnsinn. Wie man mit Coolness sein Leben ruiniert, Bergisch Gladbach (Edition Humanistische Psychologie EHP – Verlag Andreas Kohlhabe), 150 pp. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Paradigms in Psychoanalysis. An Integration, London (Karnac Books) 2012, 296 pp. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - La teoria dell’attaccamento come base alternativa della psicoanalisi. Typoscript 2012, 8 pp. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - The last case of Romano Biancoli JF - Academy Forum, Vol. 56 (No. 2, Fall 2012), pp. 15-17. (Cf. Bacciagaluppi, R., 2011b) Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arlt, Hans-Jürgen T1 - Erwerbsarbeit und soziale Existenz. Leitbilder von gestern und Werte für morgen JF - G. W. Werner et al. (Eds.) Das Grundeinkommen. Würdigung - Wertungen - Wege, Karlsruhe (KIT Scientific Publishing) 2012, pp. 138-149. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkelbauer, Jürgen T1 - Review Fromm, E.: Über die Liebe zum Leben (1983a, German): Ein Leben lang auf der Suche JF - Die Furche, Wien 16. Februar 2012. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Götz A1 - Eichhorn, Wolfgang T1 - Übersicht über den Inhalt dieses Buches JF - G. W. Werner et al. (Eds.) Das Grundeinkommen. Würdigung - Wertungen - Wege, Karlsruhe (KIT Scientific Publishing) 2012, pp. 2-8. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Werner, Götz ED - et al., T1 - Das Grundeinkommen. Würdigung - Wertungen - Wege, Karlsruhe (KIT Scientific Publishing) 2012, 371 pp. N2 - Dargestellt und analysiert wird der für die Persönlichkeitslehre von A. Adler zentrale Begriff des >Gemeinschaftsgefühls<. Insbesondere wird versucht, die aus den Anfangszeiten der Tiefenpsychologie stammenden Aussagen Adlers mit neueren psychologischen Erkenntnissen in Einklang zu bringen. Zunächst wird auf verschiedene Aspekte des >Gemeinschaftsgefühls< bei Adler eingegangen: (1) auf den anthropologischen Aspekt (Gemeinschaftsgefühl als ursprüngliche Gegebenheit); (2) auf den ethischen Aspekt (Gemeinschaftsgefühl als anzustrebendes Menschenziel); (3) auf individuumsbezogene Gesichtspunkte (Gemeinschaftsgefühl als angeborene Komponente beziehungsweise als werdende Komponente). Sodann wird auf neuere Theorien und Befunde der Psychologie Bezug genommen. Aus dem Bereich der Entwicklungspsychologie werden die Auffassungen von R. A. Spitz und J. Bowlby dargelegt. Hinsichtlich der Psychotherapie von Psychosen folgen insbesondere Ausführungen zu dem Ansatz von F. FROMM-Reichmann. Ausführlich diskutiert werden die Konzeptionen der neopsychoanalytischen Schule (Horney, FROMM, Sullivan). Abschliessend wird der Versuch unternommen, die verschiedenen angesprochenen Sachverhalte in einer vergleichenden Zusammenschau zu integrieren. Y1 - 2012 UR - http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000028770 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Whittington, Dean T1 - Bath of Steel. The Erasure and Regeneration of Marginalised Psychologies, London (Author House) 2012, 340 p. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Whittington, Dean T1 - The Emotional Erasure of the Poor and Their Reappearance as Commodities JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 16 / 2012, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 39-45. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e16/2012e Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anderson, Kevin T1 - Marcuse’s and Fromm’s Correspondence with the Socialist Feminist Raya Dunayevskaya: A New Window on Critical Theory JF - Logos. A Journal of Modern Society and Culture, Vol 11 (No 2, Winter 2012), 6 pp. - Internet: http://logosjournal.com/2012/winter_anderson/ (August 5, 2013) Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anderson, Kevin A1 - Rockwell, Russell T1 - Introduction to the Dunayevskaya-Fromm Correspondence, 1959-1978 JF - Kevin B. Anderson and Russell Rockwell (Eds.), The Dunayevskays-Marcuse-Fromm Correspondence, 1954-1978. Dialogues on Hegel, Marx, and Critical Theory, Lanham (Lexington Books) 2012, pp. xxxv-lix. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Anderson, Kevin ED - Rockwell, Russell T1 - The Dunayevskays-Marcuse-Fromm Correspondence, 1954-1978. Dialogues on Hegel, Marx, and Critical Theory, Lanham (Lexington Books) 2012, 267 pp. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andrade Lins, Charles de T1 - A teoria e clínica da psicanálise humanista JF - S. P. Pereira and C. C. Froner (Eds.), Teoria e técnica da psicanálise humanista (Theory and technique of humanist psychoanalysis), Santa Maria, Brazil (Editora Instituto de Psicanálise Humanista) 2012, pp. 235-244. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alves Borgert, Andréa T1 - O processo de conscientização na análise humanista JF - S. P. Pereira and C. C. Froner (Eds.), Teoria e técnica da psicanálise humanista (Theory and technique of humanist psychoanalysis), Santa Maria, Brazil (Editora Instituto de Psicanálise Humanista) 2012, pp. 93-111. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Is Man Alive? Interview with Edwin Newman given in the NBC series >Speaking freely< on June 11, 1968 (Transcription, 33 pp.) Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - The Analysis of Thoughts (Handwritten draft of 1978, 3 pp.) Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Appendix - On the Relativity of Conceptualization (Typescript, 15 pp.) Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - A, Weixing T1 - The Psychoanalytical Study of the Absence of Love in Toni Morrison's >Love< [对莫里森小说《爱》中爱的缺失的心理阐释], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Toni Morrison, the first black American Nobel Prize winner in American literature, has had a profound influence in the literary world. So far Morrison has published nine novels In her novel >Love<, published in 2003, Morrison continues to pay attention to the black women under the patriarchy, sexism and racism. In >Love<, Morrison focuses on the miserable life of the black women and explores the absence of love and its restoration in the black families and the black community. Based on Fromm's humanistic psychology, the present thesis intends to reveal the absence of love for the main protagonists in >Love< and interpret the causes of the absence of love in the black women by the psychoanalytic theory of transference, projection and repression.– Firstly, the author gives an account of Toni Morrison's literary career and critical reviews on her work, a summary of the main plot of Love, and some commentaries about it as well.– Secondly, by introducing Fromm's humanistic psychology, particularly Fromm's theory of love and the psychological mechanism in terms of transference, projection and repression, the author intends to reveal the absence of love in the black community: the loss of maternal love between May and Christine; the absence of friendship in the black women, focusing on the cold sisterhood between Heed and Christine. The psychoanalytic transference and projection are applied mainly to interpret the causes of their abnormal relationships.– Thirdly, the author aims to illustrate the absence of love in marriage, concentrating on Heed's and Christine's marriage lives and uses repression to interpret how the miserable marriage coming into being under the influence of patriarchy.– And then, the author tries to explore the restoration of love in terms of the sisterhood and the unity of black community to show that the communication and interdependence on black women will promise a healthy and normal future both for African American women and for the whole community.– Consequently, a conclusion is drawn that the absence of love leads to different tragedies in the black women; however, love can eventually be restored by the efforts of black women and the black community. It can be obviously seen that Morrison, as a writer who has exposed the absence of love in the black women in the novel Love, is also a psychoanalyst who provides a panacea for restoring it, that is to say, the union of the black community and the elimination of patriarchy. Through mutual communication, understanding and sympathy, love as the bond of the black people will be returned. N2 - 托妮•莫里森,是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国黑人女作家,在美国和世界文坛上起着重要的作用。迄今为止,莫里森共创作了九部长篇小说。在2003年出版的第八部小说《爱》中,她继续关注在父权制、性别歧视和种族歧视下生活的黑人女性。小说《爱》以>爱<的缺失和复原为线索,描述了黑人女性悲惨的命运和生存状况。本论文分析了小说中黑人女性生活中种种爱的缺失的具体表现—扭曲的母爱,缺失的姐妹情谊,错位的婚姻关系,并以心理学家弗洛姆人道主义心理理论为依据,应用弗洛姆心理分析中的转移、投射和压抑理论,阐释了这些缺失的爱产生的根源。作者首先介绍托妮•莫里森,包括她的生平、文学成就及其作品的学术研究成果,并且概述小说《爱》的故事脉络及其相关的评论。其次,通过阐述心理学家弗洛姆人道主义心理理论,特别是他有关爱和心理机制(移情、投射和压抑)的理论,作者力图揭示小说中黑人家庭中母爱缺失和黑人女性中友爱缺失的具体表现来看黑人社区中人与人之间的爱的缺失的具体表现,并且重点分析梅与克里斯廷之间扭曲的母女关系及探讨克里斯廷与希德间冷漠的姐妹情谊。将分别从心理理论上分析其爱的缺失的根源是家庭之爱缺失的移情与人性弱点的投射。作者旨在说明黑人女性无爱的婚姻,以及黑人家庭和黑人团体的父权主义的压抑是导致希德畸形的婚姻和克里斯廷失败的婚姻的原因。之后,作者探讨了在黑人女性和黑人社区的共同努力下,黑人女性间化解仇恨,使姐妹之间的爱得以回归。最后,作者得出结论:莫里森通过关注黑人家庭、黑人女性及黑人社区中爱的缺失,来反映黑人女性真实的生存状态和悲惨的人生经历,借此来唤醒黑人社区中爱的回归。莫里森在小说《爱》中揭示了黑人女性生活中爱的缺失,同时她也为黑人女性找回失去的爱指明了一条道路:即黑人社区内部的团结和父权主义的消除。爱作为黑人种族凝聚力的象征,在黑人种族相互交流,相互理解,相互同情的努力下最终会得以回归。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seligman, S. T1 - The Baby Out of the Bathwater: Microseconds, Psychic Structure, and Psychotherapy JF - Psychoanalytic Dialogues, Vol. 22 (No. 4, 2012), pp. 499-509. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pinato, Maurizio T1 - Pensare in un tempo di crisi. Typescript JF - F. Comelli (Ed.): Psicopatologia e Politica, Milano (Mimesis) 2012. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pinato, Maurizio A1 - Moia, A. T1 - Figure della comprensione. Il processo di soggettivazione dell’immagine. Typescript, 18 pp. JF - International Journal of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology, Vol. 7 (No. 1, 2012), . Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pinato, Maurizio A1 - Moia, A. T1 - Figures of understanding. The process of image subjectification. Typescript, 22 pp. With comment by M.S. Sucharov, and comment on the comment by the authors. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pozzoli, Stefano T1 - Verità/Ambiguità, autenticità/inautenticità e processo di soggettivazione nella società odierna. Typescript 2012, 17 pp. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osimo, Ferruccio T1 - The Essence of Experiential Dynamic Therapies. Typescript, 73 pp. JF - Chapter 3 of Theory and Practice of Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy, London (Karnac) 2012. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - GEN A1 - Guo, Min T1 - Mental Health Research Viewed from the Perspective of General Problem-Solving [广义问题解决视野下的心理健康研究], Doctoral dissertation, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 2912. N2 - 当今社会,人们的生活节奏不断加快,竞争压力越来越大,来自学习、工作、婚姻、交往等方方面面的问题使得越来越多的人难以应对,严重影响了人们的心理健康。追求心理健康已成为当代社会生活的最重要内容之一。然而,什么是心理健康?心理健康与哪些因素有关?如何才能更好保持心理健康状态呢?无数心理学家仍在寻求这些问题的答案。本文选取广义问题解决的全新视角,提出心理健康就是及时发现并成功解决问题所达到的心理平衡状态。此处的>问题<是广义的,既包括生活当中的各种外部问题(非心理问题),又包括个体内部产生的心理问题(内部问题)。广义问题解决指包括发现问题、评价问题、选择问题和解决问题在内的全过程。心理健康与个人(先天遗传因素与后天发展因素)、社会(家庭环境、学校教育、工作单位、社会氛围、互联网络等)、文化等多种因素密切相关。当任何因素导致个体无法成功解决生活中的种种外部问题时,就可能产生心理问题,严重者甚至导致心理疾病。因此要全面理解心理健康、更好保持心理健康,首先必须理清心理健康、心理问题、心理疾病三者之间的关系。什么是心理健康?什么是心理问题?什么是心理疾病?心理健康、心理问题、心理疾病三者之间有着怎样的关系?心理学家如何理解心理健康?为何选取广义问题解决的研究视角?基于广义问题解决的心理健康观有何特点?广义问题解决各环节与心理健康的关系如何?心理问题的成因是什么?解决心理问题的主要途径与基本方式有哪些?本文分六章来讨论以上问题。第一章>心理健康概述<首先考察健康与心理健康的定义及关系,然后考察心理问题的定义、分类及其与心理疾病的区别。接着考察心理疾病的定义。最后探讨心理健康与心理问题、心理疾病之间的相互关系,三者之间可以相互转化,而转化的关键因素在于广义问题解决。第二章>传统心理健康观评析<分别考察精神分析学派、存在-人本主义学派、认知-行为主义学派代表人物的心理健康观。精神分析学派考察了弗洛伊德、阿德勒、荣格、埃里克森、霍妮、弗洛姆的心理健康观。存在-人本主义学派考察了马斯洛、罗杰斯、罗洛•梅、弗兰克的心理健康观。认知-行为主义学派考察了斯金纳、班杜拉、乔治•凯利的心理健康观。以上心理学家向我们展示不同的视角和风格,为我们进行心理健康研究提供了参照和启发。第三章>基于广义问题解决的心理健康观<首先考察基于广义问题解决的心理健康观的特点,接着简述了广义问题解决的四个环节,然后分别探讨了发现问题与心理健康、评价问题与心理健康、选择问题与心理健康、解决问题与心理健康之间的关系,并分别结合典型案例进行具体分析。第四章>问题的分类及其成因<本文根据研究需要将问题划分为外部问题(非心理问题)与内部问题(心理问题)。外部问题主要包括学习成长问题、职业生涯问题、爱情婚姻问题、人际交往问题等,内部问题可根据其成因分为外因为主型心理问题和内因为主型心理问题,或根据其产生的时程分为急性心理问题和慢性心理问题。然后分析了外部问题与内部问题的成因。第五章>心理问题的主要解决途径<分别从个人视角、社会视角和文化视角探讨心理问题的解决途径。个人视角下的心理问题解决主要包括预防心理问题的发生和正确对待心理问题。社会视角下的心理问题解决主要依赖社会支持系统和专业治疗系统。文化视角下的心理问题解决主要运用哲学文化、科学文化、艺术文化和宗教文化所提供的思维方式。第六章>解决心理问题的三种基本方式<论述了顺应、反抗、超越这三种解决心理问题的基本方式,并进行典型案例分析。这三种基本方式并不是截然分开的,而是相互关联的。在心理问题解决的不同阶段、不同层次可能分别用到这三种基本方式。 N2 - In today’s society, the pace of people’s life continues to accelerate, competitive pressure continues to increase. More and more people have difficult to deal with problems from aspects of learning, working, marriage, and exchanges, which making a serious impact on people’s mental health. Pursuit of mental health has become one of the most important elements of contemporary social life. However, what’s mental health? What factors is related to mental health? How to maintain mental health status? Countless psychologists are still searching for the answers to these questions.– This paper selects the new general problem-solving perspective, proposing that mental health is achieving mental equilibrium by timely discovering and successfully solving problems. The >problem< here is in a broad sense, including various external problems (non-mental problems) in life, and mental problems generated internal (internal problems). General problem-solving refers to the whole process of discovering problems, evaluating problems, selecting problems, and solving problems.– Mental health is closely related to personal factors (genetic factors and acquired factors), social factors (family environment, school education, work units, social atmosphere, the Internet, etc.), cultural and other factors. When these factors cause individuals unable to solve external problems in life successfully, they may have mental problems, or even lead to mental illness. Therefore, to comprehensively understand mental health and better maintain mental health, we must sort out the relationship among mental health, mental problems, and mental illness.– What is mental health? What is mental problem? What is mental illness? What’s the relationship among mental health, mental problems, and mental illness? How to understand mental health by psychologists? Why select the general problem-solving research perspective? What are the characteristics of the concept of mental health based on general problem-solving? What’s the relationship between various aspects of the general problem-solving and mental health? What are the causes of mental problems? What are the main solutions and basic ways to solve mental problems? This article will discuss the above issues in six chapters. - The first chapter >Overview of mental health<: it investigates the definition of health and mental health and their relationship firstly, and then studies the mental problem definition, classification and distinction with mental illness. Then, it inspects the definition of mental illness. Finally, it discusses the relationship among mental health, mental problems, and mental illness. Between the three can be transformed into each other, and the key factor of transformation is the general problem-solving.– The second chapter >Traditional mental health concepts<: it reviews the concept of mental health from representatives of psychoanalytic school, being-humanistic school and cognitive-behaviorism school. In the psychoanalytic school, it reviews the mental health concept of Freud, Adler, Jung, Erikson, Homey, and Fromm. In the being-humanistic school, it reviews the mental health concept of Maslow, Rogers, Rollo May, and Frank. In the cognitive-behaviorism school, it reviews the mental health concept of Skinner, Bandura, and George•Kelly. The above psychologists show us different perspectives and styles, which providing reference and inspiration for mental health research.– The third chapter >the Concept of mental health based on general problem-solving<: it discusses the characteristic of mental health concept based on general problem-solving firstly, then outlined the four areas of the general problem-solving, and then respectively discussed the relationship between finding problems and mental health, evaluating problems and mental health, selecting problems and mental health, solving problems and mental health, which combined with typical cases analysis.– The fourth chapter >Classification of the problem and its causes<: According to the research needs, we divided problems into external (non-mental problems) and internal (mental problems). External problems are including learning and growth problems, career problems, love and marriage problems, interpersonal relationship problems. Internal problems can be divided into external factors predomi-nant mental problems and internal factors predominant mental problems according to its causes, or divided into acute mental problems and chronic mental problems according to its time. And then it analyzes the causes of external problems and internal problems.– The fifth chapter >the Main solutions of mental problems<: it explores methods to resolve mental problems, from personal perspective, social perspective and cultural perspective respectively. Mental problem-solving in the personal perspective mainly includes prevention of mental problems and correct treatment of mental problems. Mental problem-solving in the social perspective mainly relies on social support systems and professional treatment system. Mental problem-solving in cultural perspective mainly applies the way of thinking from philosophical culture, science culture, arts culture and religious culture.– The sixth chapter >Three basic ways to solve mental problems<: it discusses the three basic way of adaptation, resistance, beyond to solve mental problems, combining with typical cases analysis. These three basic ways are not completely separate, but interrelated. Different levels+J27413 or different stages of mental problem-solving, we may use different one of the three basic ways. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Harris, A, T1 - The House of Difference, or White Silence JF - Studies in Gender and Sexuality, Vol. 13 (2012), pp. 197-215. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guasto, Gianni T1 - Aver torto. Typescript, 2 pp. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guasto, Gianni T1 - Ad absurdum. Note a margine del Diario Clinico di Sándor Ferenczi. Associazione Culturale Sándor Ferenczi, Genova. Typescript. JF - Il Vaso di Pandora, vol. XX, (No. 2, 2012), Varazze(La Redancia). Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hidas, György T1 - Ferenczi and trauma: A perilous journey to the labyrinth. Typescript, 22 pp. JF - J. Szekacs and T. Keve (Eds.): Ferenczi and His World, Londonn (Karnac) 2012, pp. 111-128. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Johnson, Lucie T1 - Erich Fromm (1900-1980), Power-Point-Presentation as PDF, 2012. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Khudanly, Faig T1 - Sozialisierung und Entfremdung im Kulturprozess. Am Beispiel der Frankfurter Schule. Übersetzung des Beitrags aus dem Aserbaidschanischen von Vougar Aslanov, 5 pp. N2 - In this article great attention is paid to cultural affairs in the alienated community basing upon socio-philosophical thoughts of prominent figures of the Frankfurt school such as T. Adorno, H. Marcuse, E. Fromm and J. Habermas. Giving attention to a number of philosophical issues aroused by culture and socialization it is reported that in the alienated community culture and system of other values alienate as well, and turn into nonentity under extreme individualization. Feeling of happiness in a modern alienated community by a man socializing in the cultural process passes through a healthy society and self-consciousness. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Housden, Martyn T1 - True believer: racism and one Nazi ideologist JF - Psychoanalysis and Politics. Exclusion and the Politics of Representation, London (Karnac) 2012, pp. 91-109. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ji, Shuqin T1 - The Research on Erich Fromm’s Thoughts of Human Nature [弗洛姆人性思想研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2012. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是法兰克福学派早期的重要成员,也是弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义流派的核心人物。弗洛姆从现实的社会生活出发来探讨人性,不仅强调生物因素对人性的作用,还重视社会政治经济结构对人性的影响,因此人性在结构上是一种囊括社会属性和自然属性、理性思维和情感意志、群体性和个体性等在内的多层次的总体人性。弗洛姆认为处在现实社会生活之中的个人性善或者性恶,不仅取决于家庭环境、文化氛围、社会环境等多种因素的影响,更重要的是具体个人自身选择的结果。弗洛姆鼓励人们抑恶扬善,努力实现善的潜能或倾向,逐步完善人性。弗洛姆也从生物进化学的角度对人性做出了解读,从人类所特有的生存境遇中来研究人性,提出>人的本质就是人的生存所固有的矛盾<的观点。根据这种生存境遇而产生的种种生存矛盾的不同表现,将此区分为>生存的两歧<和>历史的两歧<。由此出发,认为存在着>相关联的需要、超越的需要、生存根基的需要、自我认同的需要、倾向性与献身方式的需要<等五种心理需要。>性格<这一概念的引入是弗洛姆人性思想的一个重要创举,这根源于马克思把人性分为两类,一是>人的一般本性<,二是根据具体的历史时代情境而>发生了变化的人的本性<的观点。在有关性格<的问题上,他区分了个人性格和社会性格,并且把社会性格看作是经济基础与上层建筑之间一个桥梁或者纽带。这是对马克思主义理论的一个十分重要的补充,也为我们观察社会问题提供了一个崭新的视角。笔者认为,弗洛姆的人性思想,一方面在研究方法、现代社会人心内涵解读等方面存在着历史合理性;另一方面,也存在着对意志、情感等非理性因素作用夸大、思想内在矛盾等诸多理论局限性,这是由弗洛姆综合不同理论思想研究的特质所决定的。 N2 - Erich Fromm was an important figure of the Frankfurt School in its early stage, and also a core leader in the Freudianism Marxism. From the reality of the social life to explore the human nature, not only did he emphasize the effect of the biological factors, Fromm but also paid much attention on the social political and economic structure, so the human nature was a overall human nature of multiple levels, including social attribute and nature attribute, rational thinking and emotional activity, group and individual, and other aspects. Fromm thought individual good or evil in the reality of social live not only did depend on the family environment, culture atmosphere, social environment and other factors, but also was the results of the specific personal selection. Fromm encouraged people to speak well of your friends, say nothing of your enemy, strived to achieve good potential or tendency, and gradually perfected the thought of human nature. - At the same time, Fromm made an interpretation of the human nature from the evolutionary biology perspective, and studied the human nature deeply rooted in the unique of the human survival environment, and drew the conclusion that >the essence of man was the inherent paradox of the human existence<. According to such existence situation leading to a variety of different survival contradiction, Fromm made a distinction between >existential dichotomy< and >historical dichotomy<. In this view, he thought there existed five kinds of psychological need: the need of being related, the need of surpass, the need of finding survival root, the need of seeking confirmation, the need of tendency and devotion. - The concept of the character being introduced to Fromm’s thought of human nature was an important pioneering work, which derived from the Marxism that the human nature was put into two categories, one was >the general nature of man<, two was >the changed human nature< based on the specific historical context. About the character, Fromm made a distinction between individual character and social character, and treated the social character as a bridge or ligament between the economic foun-dation and the superstructure. It was an important complement to the Marxism, and provided a new angle of view to observe the social problems. - The author thinks, Fromm’s thought of human nature, on one hand has certain historical rationality of the study on the research method, the interpretation of modern social public feeling connotation; on the other hand, due to exaggerating the effect of the will, emotion and other irrational factors and inherent contradiction in the idea, his thought of human nature has some theoretical limitations. This is due to the trait of Fromm trying to synthesize different theories of different ideologists. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kristof, N. D. T1 - Veterans and Brain Disease JF - The New York Times, April 25, 2012, 3 pp. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Durán, Francisco Javier Riuz T1 - Aproximación al pensamiento de Erich Fromm. El humanismo socialista, Granada /Editorial Académica Española) 2012, 92 pp. N2 - Erich Fromm fue un hombre marcado por las desagradables y terribles circunstancias que vivió en su tiempo, posiblemente el más trágico de la historia. Ante ella nuestro autor, lejos de abatirse, concentró todo su esfuerzo intelectual en esclarecer las verdaderas raíces de la existencia humana en todos los campos y desde todas las esferas de su formación. Conformó un sistema para entender la vida desde el hombre individual hasta la humanidad para, primero, comprender, y después, eliminar todas las vías que reconducen al hombre a su destrucción total. En el fondo, su pensamiento es un grito, una denuncia franca contra la sin razón de las contiendas mundiales y el sistema bipolar que amenazaba con un nuevo Holocausto, el nuclear. El sistema para la humanización del hombre vuelve a poner de manifiesto, a modo de saber arcano, el mensaje universal de un humanismo que, para nuestro autor abarca, desde los antiguos profetas a las ideas del joven Marx y las teorías de Freud, pasando por la teología negativa de Maimónides que finalmente completaría el >Meister Eckhart<. Así configura su camino para el hombre, para todos los hombres que quieran unirse en paz, independientemente de sus cree. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Longhin, Luigi T1 - Introduction JF - The Quality of the Mind, New York (Rodopi) 2012. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mendes, Eliana R. P. T1 - Igor Caruso’s Presence in Brazil; paper presented at the XVII. International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Mexico City, Oct. 2012, 5 pp. N2 - In his approach to understand psychoanalytical knowledge and practice, Igor A. Caruso, one of the founders of IFPS, started with a traditional Christian anthropological view on human development. His early conception of psychosocial disturbances described the loss of cognitive and social ability as a loss of orientation on objective values of human responsibility and attachment. Referring to Existentialist Philosophy, Caruso later on transformed his view on neurosis into a concept of individual alienation of transcendence. In the 1960s, he conceived psychosocial development as an on-going individual dealing with social and collective alienation of human nature, life and work. The process of becoming a cultural person obliges the ego to face his individual unconscious drive demands as well as the unconscious demands of the society. Caruso’s stays in Latin America – esp. in Brazil – caused him to reinforce the interference of materialistic theories on socialisation with psychoanalytic knowledge of individual unconscious dynamics. He understood the psychoanalytic situation as a ‘micro-social model’ which symbolizes the collective and the individual alienated conditions as well as the possibilities of solving the alienation in an individual and cultural process. In the 1970s, Caruso’s conception was understood as a Freudo-Marxist point of view on alienated psychosocial reality. With his view on psychoanalytical treatment as a dialectic and relational process – intra- and interpersonal – Caruso demanded a psychoanalytical responsibility within the collective changes, which in a historical view on the IFPS can be understood as a part of a common identity within the early federation. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miao, Guanglei T1 - Talking about Modern Escape to Freedom [浅析现代人对自由的逃避] JF - The Guide of Science & Education (in Yunkan) [ 科教导刊(中旬刊) ], No. 5 (2012), pp. 220-221. N2 - Fromm considered that individual became isolated under the action of multiple factors of economics, politics and warfare in the capitalist world, and many people chose to escape from freedom. The main way of escaping from freedom is authoritarianism. This article analyzed how to use this way to escape from freedom by the modern generation. N2 - 埃里希.弗罗姆是德裔美籍心理学家、社会学家,法兰克福学派的代表人物之一,本文将对他的《逃避自由》一书中现代人对自由的逃避这一问题展开分析。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lue, Ang T1 - From Marx to Sakyamuni – The Deduction of Fromm's Logic in Humanistic Alienation Theory [从马克思到释迦牟尼——谈弗洛姆的人本主义异化逻辑何以展开] JF - Journal of Hengshui University [衡水学院学报], No. 6 (2012), pp. 45-47, 50. N2 - Logically, there are layers in Fromm's theory of humanistic alienation. On the one hand, his interpretation of Marx is a critique to all the social formations can arise and the individuals. On the other hand, he has remolded Freud's psychoanalysis from individual psychology to group psychology as a critique to the unsoundness of the whole society. Consequently, a theoretical starting point from psychology has led Fromm to mysticism of humanistic Buddhism. N2 - 在逻辑上,弗洛姆的人本主义异化思想有3个层次。一方面他把马克思的思想解读为对所有社会形态和每个人的批判;另一方面他改造了弗洛伊德的精神分析,从个体心理学走向群体心理学,来批判整个社会的不健全。最终,由心理学出发的理论使弗洛姆走向人本主义佛教的神秘主义。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rockwell, Russell A1 - Anderson, Kevin T1 - Introduction to the Dunayevskaya-Fromm Correspondence, 1959-1978 JF - Kevin B. Anderson and Russell Rockwell (Eds.), The Dunayevskays-Marcuse-Fromm Correspondence, 1954-1978. Dialogues on Hegel, Marx, and Critical Theory, Lanham (Lexington Books) 2012, pp. xxxv-lix. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rodrigues, Flávio T1 - Diferenças e aproximações da técnica nas teorias psicanalíticas JF - S. P. Pereira and C. C. Froner (Eds.), Teoria e técnica da psicanálise humanista (Theory and technique of humanist psychoanalysis), Santa Maria, Brazil (Editora Instituto de Psicanálise Humanista) 2012, pp. 183-215. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ren, Huan T1 - An Analysis of Alienation in >The New York Trilogy< [《纽约三部曲》中的异化主题分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Paul Auster (b. 1947) is one of the most innovative American contemporary writers. His acute insight into the crisis of the American postmodern society and meditation of its quests endow him rare philosophical depth, for which he is praised as one of the most intellectually stimulating fiction writers in America. The thesis takes The New York Trilogy (City of Glass, Ghosts and The Locked Room) as the study object, discussing how the work, with a series of watchmen as symbols, profoundly depicts the New York City and its people's alienated life, solitary, lost and hopeless, after the 1950s. Adopting American contemporary psychoanalyst and philosopher Erich Fromm's related alienation theory, the thesis analyzes the estrangement in the trilogy between man and society and between man and man. There are four chapters.– Chapter 1 introduces Paul Auster and his novel The New York Trilogy, followed by literary review of this trilogy and theoretical basis and structure of this thesis.– Chapter Two explores three manifestations of social space, production and consumption to illustrate social alienation all-pervasive. Alienation in social space at first takes outside and inside spaces such as city, room, door and widow, to penetrate modern people's isolation and solitude, then using Fromm's theory of one of people's basic needs relatedness to observe people's sadist and masochist alienation; next part of alienation involves production which is human being's distorted productivity, the life force Fromm calls, such as the abuse of government function, degradation and disability of people's detection and writer's creation; the third are two kinds of alienated consumption: one destructive compensatory consumption and the other passive consumption. In City of Glass Quinn intents to confirm his identity and existence by indulging himself into compensational consumptive writing, but the failure leaves him only sense of hollow and loss. The passive consumption embodies in people's leisure activity such as Quinn's walking without any active pleasure. While walking Quinn's body is mechanical, and what he feels is desperately helpless and lost; besides, in The Locked Room the narrator sinks with his wife into a luxurious and corrupt life, which leads them into loss and desperation.– Chapter 3 examines relations of authority in family in City of Glass, powerless and normless work in Ghosts, and an idol-like and distorted friendship in The Locked Room. The first part displays family alienation in farther and son relationship where little Peter is abused by powerful father Stillman and after grown up, he was also >tenderly protected< by his powerful wife. The second part is the alienation in work where both Quinn and Black's self-discipline can do nothing in their detection and when they cannot find out a reliable fact they are trapped in frustration and anxiety. The third part deals with the alienation in friendship between the narrator and Fanshawe. Thus in New York City, the epitome of capitalist society, relationship between man and man becomes utilization, a relation of objects, and there is little love but alienation and indifference.– Chapter 4 is the conclusion. Auster makes a deep and all-round exposure of today's social alienation, which helps people rethink their social life and development and also contributes to their further quests. N2 - 保罗•奥斯特(Paul Auster,1947-)是美国当代最勇于创新的小说家之一。奥斯特在作品中对后现代社会生存危机的揭露以及对其出路的思考和探求,赋予了他当代美国小说家所罕有的哲学深度,被称为>美国当代最能给人们以智性启迪的小说家<。本论文选择奥斯特的成名作《纽约三部曲》(《玻璃城》、《幽灵》和《锁闭的房间》)作为研究对象,探讨《三部曲》如何以一系列孤独的守望者形象深刻地描摹二十世纪中后期以纽约为代表的城市虚无精神和现代都市人孤独、迷失、绝望的异化生活状态。本论文运用美国当代著名精神分析学家、西方马克思主义法兰克福学派的重要代表人埃里希•弗洛姆的相关异化理论探讨奥斯特在《三部曲》中反映的人与社会和人与人的异化。文章主要分为四个部分:第一部分介绍奥斯特本人及其文学成就,简述《三部曲》的主要内容及其国内外文学评论,本论文的理论基础和结构。第二部分分别从社会空间、生产与消费三个领域揭露无孔不入的社会异化现象。一为社会空间,主要从三部曲中的外部空间走向内部空间,如,城市、房间、门、窗等,透视现代人的隔离与孤独;再以弗洛姆的人类生存的关联性理论为衔接点,从隔离转到作为人类基本需求之一关联性的施虐与被虐的异化;二为生产领域中弗洛姆称之为人类生命力的生产力异化,如政府机构职能的扭曲、侦探能力和作家创作力的退化与丧失;三为人们的消费异化。消费异化包括补偿性消费和被动性消费。《玻璃城》中奎恩通过疯狂的补偿性消费写作来证实自我及存在,但这种企图留下的只是空虚和自我迷失;而当人们在休闲活动时感受不到快乐或感受到的只是消极的快乐时便是被动性消费。奎恩在他最喜欢的休闲活动散步中,他的身体机械化,唯一感受就是自我的迷失;此外,在《锁闭的房间》里无名叙述者的奢侈、腐化的生活使其陷入迷失和无望的极度痛苦之中。第三部分分别从家庭成员、侦探和朋友三方面揭露人与人的异化。《玻璃城》中家庭成员异化主要体现在老斯蒂尔曼对儿子彼得的父权统治和成人后的彼得受到妻子的无形掌控;侦探的异化体现在他们对工作的无能为力和无规则两方面,如《玻璃城》和《幽灵》中主人公奎恩和布鲁对其侦探工作的无力和发现现实与理想不符时的焦虑。朋友的异化体现在《锁闭的房间》里叙述者对范肖的友情从崇拜到憎恨扭曲的整个过程。总之,在纽约城这个资本主义社会的缩影里,人与人的关系变成了相互利用的关系,变成了物与物的关系,人与人之间失去了正常爱的情感,唯有疏远和冷漠。第四部分为结语。奥斯特对当今社会异化现象的真实揭露深刻而又全面,有助于人们对社会发展进行反思,有助于人们踏上追求自我的正确道路,从而不乏一定的现实意义。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rautaniemi, Mika T1 - D.T. Suzuki ja olemisen perusta JF - D. T. Suzuki and E. Fromm, Zen ja psykoanalyysi, Helsinki (Basam Books Oy) 2012, pp. 175-180. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leng, Yandan T1 - An Analysis of Zweig's Novels from the Perspective of Fromm's Theory [茨威格小说的弗洛姆式解读], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Zweig left us with many excellent works as a Jewish writer writing in German. His poetry, novels, plays and biographies have made impressive achievements in the Literature domain, especially his novel writing, which have a wide range of readers in the world. With an entry point of alienation, this paper, which takes Zweig’s novels as the research object, is based on the novel texts as well as using Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis theories. The thesis is composed of four chapters: Chapter one includes a brief introduction of Zweig’s life, the general plot summary of his novels as well as the critical responses to them home and abroad. At the same time, this part makes a general introduction to the theoretical system of Fromm’s humanism. His humanistic theory mainly talks about three issues, namely, the theory of escaping from freedom, the theory of alienation and the love theory.– Chapter two applies Fromm’s alienation theory to the description of Zweig’s novel world. Alienation has pervaded every corner of his creation which is displayed in the following two aspects: people are alienated by the war; the relationship between work and the people is alienated. This chapter also analyzes the psychological causes of the alienation.– Chapter three applies Fromm’s love theory to analyze the way advocated by Zweig to resist the alienation.– Chapter four, driven by alienation, the character in his work often leads to tragic ending. In Zweig’s life, meanwhile, there is a trace of alienation. The personality factors of Zweig’s early experience and his Jewish identity have caused the anxiety of his heart while creative activities provide balance for the anxiety. Here, by the application of Fromm’s theory, the thesis gives an analysis to Zweig’s loneliness and his need of freedom. And the analysis centers on his relationship with his mother during his childhood.– The final chapter is the part of conclusion. It summarizes the factors of Zweig’s tragedy and maintains the importance and significance of a humanistic interpretation of his novels. N2 - 作为一名用德语写作的犹太作家,茨威格给我们留下了许多优秀的作品,他在小说、戏剧和人物传记方面都取得了不俗的成就,尤其是他的小说创作,在世界范围内拥有广泛的读者群。本文以茨威格的小说文本为基础,运用弗罗姆的人本主义精神分析学的相关理论,探究其中的异化主题。本文共由四章组成:第一章首先简单介绍了茨威格的生平,他在世界文学史上的地位及其小说的主要特点,并提出了本文所要讨论的论题。接着概括了国内外茨威格研究的现状,指出本文的研究方法并简要介绍了弗洛姆的人本主义理论,主要是异化理论、逃避自由理论以及爱的理论。第二章运用弗洛姆的异化理论分析了茨威格小说中的异化主题,主要体现在劳动中人的异化和战争中人的异化这两方面。并且借助于逃避自由理论分析了异化形成的心理机制。第三章运用弗洛姆爱的理论分析茨威格在小说文本中提出的拯救异化的途径,概括出在异化和拯救异化的过程中的激情以及激情的双重性。第四章由小说中的异化延伸到作家其他作品和作家生命中的异化,结合作家的生活经历,如他童年时和母亲的关系,社会历史背景和种族身份等,分析作为异化主要呈现形式的激情的本质特征,及其在对抗异化的过程中所起的作用。最后是论文的结论部分,总结了茨威格小说和人生中对抗异化失败的原因,并强调了运用弗洛姆的人本主义理论对茨威格的小说进行解读的重要性和意义 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lemes Michel, Greice Rachel T1 - Elucidação dos mecanismos de defesa na sessão analítica JF - S. P. Pereira and C. C. Froner (Eds.), Teoria e técnica da psicanálise humanista (Theory and technique of humanist psychoanalysis), Santa Maria, Brazil (Editora Instituto de Psicanálise Humanista) 2012, pp. 140-167. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Biyan T1 - To Have or to Be – >Song of Solomon< Black Way of Life, Master thesis [占有还是生存 - 对《所罗门之歌》中黑人生存方式的探讨], English Language and Literature, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Song of Solomon is the first African-American woman Nobel Prize laureate Morrison's representative novel. The Regard and wide Acclaim and catapults Morrison of its publication receives high into the ranks of the most revered contemporary writer The glamour of the novel, the author believes, lies most in Morrison's exploration of the mode of existence for contemporary African-Americans and even for contemporary mankind. As for this respect, few researches set foot in home and abroad and the research into the respect is attractive and worthy. The thesis thus studies the mode of existence in the novel. In >To Have or to Be<, Erich Fromm proposes his theory that people exist in one of two states: the having mode or the being mode. In the having mode, one is obsessive with material possession, acquisitiveness, power and aggression and such kind of existence yields evils such as greed, jealousy, and violence. In the being mode, one concentrates on sharing and engages in meaningful, creative, and productive activity as the mode is based on love. According to Fromm, the having mode would bring the world to the brink of psychological and ecological disaster and thereby he appeals people to live the being mode of life. The thesis combines Fromm's theory with the description of the state of life in the novel and aims at studying Morrison's thought on the option of the modes of existence. The thesis falls into three chapters.– The first chapter deals with the having mode of existence.– The second chapter handles with the being mode of existence.– The third chapter is mainly about the option between the two modes of existence. In all, the study on the mode of existence could not uncover the charm of the novel fully. But through the study, the life state and mode of African-Americans are fully revealed. Moreover, the study unveils Morrison's thought on African-Americans' future and destiny, that is, the having mode could distort blacks' life and soul and the best way for blacks is to live the being mode of life and treasure their cultural traditions and values; only in this way can African-Americans live better in America and find real happiness and meaning in their life. N2 - 《所罗门之歌》是第一位非裔美国黑人女性诺贝尔文学奖得主莫瑞森的代表作。该部作品的发表受到高度的关注和广泛的欢迎并奠定了莫瑞森作为当代最重要的作家的地位。笔者认为该作品的魅力主要在于莫里森对非裔美国黑人乃至人类生存方式的探索。在这方面,目前国内外鲜有人涉足研究。笔者认为对此展开研究是有吸引力和值得的。因此,笔者在这篇论文中意在探讨《所罗门之歌》中的生存方式。在《占有还是生存》中,弗洛姆指出人们生存于重占有和重生存这两种方式之间。在重占有的生存方式中,人们注重物质拥有、获取、权力和掠夺,而这种生存方式导致人类的诸多恶行,如贪婪、嫉妒、暴力等。在重生存的生存方式中,因其是基于爱之上的,人们注重分享、注重参与有意义、有创造性的活动。弗洛姆认为重占有的生存方式将把人类引向心理和生态混乱的边缘,因而他呼吁人们选择重生存的生存方式。本文结合弗洛姆的生存理论和小说文本,旨在探讨莫里森的生存观。本文主要分为三章。第一章探讨了小说中重占有的生存方式。第二章分析了小说中重生存的生存方式。第三章论述了小说主人公对这两种生存方式的抉择。总之,对该部作品生存方式的研究无法穷尽小说的魅力,但是通过研究,非裔美国黑人的生存状态和方式得以较为全面的揭示。此外,本文揭示了莫里森对非裔美国黑人种族前途和命运的思索,也即本文的主旨:重占有的生存方式导致黑人灵魂和生活的扭曲;黑人最好的出路在于拥抱重生存的生存方式和黑人文化传统和价值观念;唯有如此,黑人才能在美国社会中能更好的生活,才能寻找到真正的生活幸福和意义。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Bo T1 - Analysis of Fromm’s Theory of Man [浅析弗洛姆人学思想], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Shanxi University, Taiyun, Shanxi, China 2012. N2 - Current, worldwide, along with the continuous development of science and technology, man and nature, man and society, man and its contradiction is increasingly acerb, the problems on the existence and development of human threat, therefore, people gradually aroused the attention of scholars at home and abroad. Fromm as the main representative figures in the Frankfurt school, is a renowned psychologist in the west, is a rich person study thought by scholars, based on Fromm’s theory of human comprehensive carding system, consists of three parts.– The first part of Fromm’s human thought theory origin. Mainly to the Fromm made a brief introduction, elaborated Fromm person study thought is put forward in the background of the times and Fromm person study thought theory origin.– The second part of human nature as the core concept, from the four levels of carding Fromm person study thought. First of all, the contradiction of human nature as the logical starting point, by human nature and human existence, human nature and human survival needs, human nature and the relationship between free to interpret human nature; secondly, from the psychology angle to analysis the concept of alienation, alienation in the human interpretation of the unconscious and alienation in the modern west a variety of social performance, reveals the essence of capitalist alienation is the alienation of human nature; again, discusses the contemporary capitalist society people escape from freedom of roots and way; finally, in order to eliminate the alienation of human nature, to achieve the perfect society, Fromm proposed to psychological revolution social transformation scheme, namely in the >moral< on the foundation, at the same time to the community to carry out economic, political, cultural and other aspects of the change, the psychological revolution and social reform to combine, the all-round development of man.– The third part of the Fromm person study thought evaluation. In this chapter the finishing touch, explains Fromm person study thought the transcendence and its positive value; Fromm concerned the capitalist society people’s survival condition, therefore, his thought has the necessity and feasibility, but he discusses the way to solve the problem are the subjective psychological experience, so his solution has a utopia; at the same time Fromm humanism is also desirable and the place that draw lessons from, in the transition period in China, how to pay attention to the problems in person, how to achieve the person’s freedom, how to promote the construction of a harmonious society plays an important enlightening role. N2 - 当今,世界范围内,随着科技的不断发展,人与自然、人与社会、人与自身的矛盾日益尖锐,这些问题对人的生存与发展构成威胁,因此,人学逐渐引起国内外学者的广泛关注。弗洛姆作为法兰克福学派的主要代表人物之一,是一位在西方享有盛誉的心理学家,也是一位具有丰富人学思想的学者,论文对弗洛姆的人学思想进行全面系统的梳理,共由三个章节构成。第一章阐述弗洛姆人学思想的理论渊源。在这个章节当中主要阐述了弗洛姆人学思想提出的时代背景、弗洛姆人学思想的理论渊源。第二章讲述了弗洛姆人学思想的主要内容。首先,通过人性的涵义、人的境遇、人的需要来诊释人性;其次,阐释了弗洛姆的异化观,现代社会中异化的各个方面以及异化下形成的社会性格,弗洛姆从中指出资本主义异化的实质是人性的异化;再次,论述了人们逃避自由的根源和方式;最后,弗洛姆为了实现人类的真正自由以及对人的真正自我的恢复,他提出了以心理革命为主的社会变革方案。第三章是对佛洛姆人学思想的评价。在这个章节画龙点睛,阐释了弗洛姆人学思想的超越性及它的正面价值;弗洛姆一直致力于解决人性异化的问题,他的一些观点是值得我们认同和支持的,而且他的思想具有现实性和可行性,但是他把异化简单的看作是一种主观的心理体验,他没能找到产生异化的真正根源是资本主义的私有制,因此他的解决方案具有乌托邦色彩;同时弗洛姆的人学思想也有可取和借鉴的地方.对处于转型时期的我国来说,在如何关注人的问题、如何实现人的自由、如何推进和谐社会的建构等方面具有重要的启发作用。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Ling T1 - Reflection and Inspiration – Fromm's Personality Theory [反思与启示 - 弗洛姆人格理论研究], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2012. N2 - Fromm was a famous 20th-century Western psychologist, sociologist, philosopher, humanist, founder of [sociological] psychoanalysis. In the field of psychology, he is the representative of psychoanalytic school of culture and synthesizer; in philosophy, he is a Marxist Freudianism, well-known representative of the early Frankfurt School, one of founders of the new Freudianism. The study of his life is related to the commodity economy in a modern industrialized society survival problems and solutions; human survival has always been a cross-cutting ideas. As an important representative of the Frankfurt School, Fromm adheres to their school characteristics. By the absorption related to the theory of Marx and Freud at the same time try to turn the doctrine of the two should be integrated in order to create its new humanitarian ethics, said. Fromm concerned about the people, concerned about the plight of modern man to survive, their lives, their academic purpose for the modern man has always been to explore both from an individual alone can get a personalized path to independence, so that the modern effort to understand the self, the formation of a truly independent personality, lifting the shackles of suffering and attain true happiness. The main purpose of this article on Fromm's personality theory, research, analysis of this theory, the basic content and make their assessments. This paper first describes the home and abroad. In the study of personality for the study of this question have any meaning in our country.– Second, introducing the background of the formation of Fromm's theory of personality, including the growth of their special experience, background and life of the times the practice of psychoanalysis, focused on analyzing the formation of Fromm's theory, the theoretical basis of personality, personality theory with a view to Erich Fromm. The study provides historical and theoretical background.– Finally, the analysis of pros and contras of Fromm's theory of personality and its theory of the rational component of China's construction and development of revelation. At present, China is in a critical period of building a harmonious society, Fromm’s personality theory can promote the overall development of China, for us to correctly handle the relationship between human development and economic and social development, to enable people to harmonious development of man and nature, man and society, and promote the transition period of personality and spiritual civilization are of great significance. [Author’s translation] N2 - 弗洛姆是20世纪西方著名的心理学家、社会学家、哲学家,人本主义精神分析学的创始人。在心理学领域,他是精神分析学派文化的代表和集大成者;在哲学领域,他是弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义者,法兰克福学派早期著名代表人物之一,新弗洛伊德主义创始人。他一生研究的问题都是有关在现代工业化商品经济社会里人的生存困境与出路,人的生存问题一直贯穿其思想的始终。作为法兰克福学派的重要代表人物,弗洛姆秉承其学派特点,在吸收马克思和弗洛伊德相关理论的同时力图把二者的学说加以综合,以创立其新的人道主义伦理学说。弗洛姆关注人,关注现代人的生存困境,终其一生,其学术宗旨始终在为现代人探索一条既能摆脱个人孤独又能获得个性独立的道路,以使现代人努力认清自我,形成真正独立的人格,解除痛苦的束缚而获得真正的幸福。本文的主旨在于对弗洛姆的人格理论的研究,分析这一理论的基本内容并作出评价。文章首先介绍了国内外对于人格问题的研究情况,以及对于这一问题的研究在我国有何意义。其次,介绍了弗洛姆人格理论形成的背景,包括其特殊的成长经历、生活的时代背景及精神分析的实践,重点分析了弗洛姆人格理论形成的理论基础,以期为弗洛姆人格理论的研究提供历史和理论背景。第三,重点介绍了弗洛姆人格理论的基本内容。最后,分析了弗洛姆人格理论的得失及其理论中的合理成分对我国建设发展的启示。当前,我国正处于构建和谐社会的关键时期,对弗洛姆人格理论的研究可以推动我国对人的全面发展的研究,为我们正确处理人的发展与经济社会发展的关系,实现人与人、人与自然、人与社会的和谐发展,促进转型时期的人格塑造和精神文明建设都具有重要意义。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Pereira, Salézio Plácido T1 - Superção. Um caminho para a realização pesoal (Psychoanalysis of overcoming the trauma), Santa Maria, Brazil (Editora Instituto de Psicanálise Humanista) 2012, 197 pp. N2 - In all health sciences and education mainly in humanistic thought in psychoanalysis to reflect more deeply to know the potential of human beings to overcome the problems themselves and psychological trauma. Psychoanalysis shows the treatment monitoring of practical ability, creativity, decision-making power to be able to tackle certain types of personal and existential problems. Perhaps most psychoanalysts believe this human potential to solve problems and tackle complex situations and very difficult. Many do not have the financial resources, others do not believe in the analysis, however everyone knows the need that humans have to know themselves in their performances unconscious. Today more than ever appear increasingly to overcome challenges, some difficult to solve, as in the case of chronic or destructive. This type of experiences is not merely an illusion at all times accompany tragedies and sufferings of all kinds. But at the same time recognize that many people have succeeded by his willpower and determination to solve their problems or cure of a disease that was being disillusioned by medicine. The addition, psychoanalysis offers a theory, the treatment of these neuroses and psychosomatic illnesses. Many of these patients adolescents, adults, families, managed to prove their ability to overcome their limits affective and existential. Some managed to prepare and resolve many traumas that were preventing the experiences of his psychic potential. And somehow still in a process of personal evolution, the solution of these traumas, released creative energy able to cast him in many goals higher than the average of people in general. This same trauma could cause this patient developed an ability to utilize its potential to achieve noble goals in their personal and family life. This potential energy is unconscious able to turn a dream into reality. Because of this potential trauma unleashed creativity and determination, it is as if this suffering, this pain, this loss, reversing into a resource available to accomplish their goals. The big question of humanist psychoanalysis is: Where does this power that turns into a force capable of solving personal and social problems? I realize that this "potential" is a process of overcoming lying in novels, in movies, in the Bible, in short all focus this power to turn dreams into reality. Overcoming the trauma is not only a dream, a myth, a fantasy, an utopia, but a capability that has the power to motivate, and to modify our interpretation of certain traumas and problems we face in our lives. If we admit the existence of this "potential" processing in humans, then we should know the ways to use this energy efficiently, to respond to the challenges that life puts in our everyday life. Many hypotheses can be proposed to solve the problems of the "human" in man. But no one can deny the importance of this study in psychoanalysis to make the analysis more practical and efficient. The traumas are accompanied by fears, for it is a study of fundamental emotions, I believe that all these demands of the existence within its limitations and possibilities, may help put into practice the ethics of life, consistency comes in the form of being, acting and think. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pereira, Salézio Plácido T1 - Prefacio T2 - S. P. Pereira and C. C. Froner (Eds.), Teoria e técnica da psicanálise humanista (Theory and technique of humanist psychoanalysis), Santa Maria, Brazil (Editora Instituto de Psicanálise Humanista) 2012, pp. 12-14. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN ED - Pereira, Salézio Plácido ED - Froner, Carla Cristine T1 - Teoria e técnica da psicanálise humanista (Theory and technique of humanist psychoanalysis), Santa Maria, Brazil (Editora Instituto de Psicanálise Humanista) 2012, 244 pp. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pereira Perez, Éden Jorge T1 - Apreciação sobre o desenvolvimento histórico dos conceitos psicanalíticos da clínica humanista JF - S. P. Pereira and C. C. Froner (Eds.), Teoria e técnica da psicanálise humanista (Theory and technique of humanist psychoanalysis), Santa Maria, Brazil (Editora Instituto de Psicanálise Humanista) 2012, pp. 15-42. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pienis, Suzana T1 - Aliança de trabalho: Elo de confiança para o sucesso da análise JF - S. P. Pereira and C. C. Froner (Eds.), Teoria e técnica da psicanálise humanista (Theory and technique of humanist psychoanalysis), Santa Maria, Brazil (Editora Instituto de Psicanálise Humanista) 2012, pp. 43-59. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pekkola, Mika T1 - Erich Frommin zenbuddhalainen antikapitalismi JF - D. T. Suzuki and E. Fromm, Zen ja psykoanalyysi, Helsinki (Basam Books Oy) 2012, pp. 181-186. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Pereira, Salézio Plácido T1 - Mente inconsciente (Unconscious mind), Santa Maria, Brazil (Editora Instituto de Psicanálise Humanista) 2012, 231 pp. N2 - We are facing a new understanding of the unconscious mind, the new scientific discoveries that are happening in anthropology, philosophy and neuroscience are influencing epistemological demarcation of psychoanalytic theory, while medicine supported by neuroscience says that there is a neurobiological basis for human attitudes and for mental illnesses. We are very skeptical about this avalanche of marketing neuroscience and other theories that seek its basis in physiological organicism, even psychopharmacology and psychiatrists are in hand to substantiate this genetic condition and biological human mind. I believe these theories help us understand the biological functioning of the brain and neurological, but are far from understanding your unconscious functioning. We are still far from knowing what we are witnessing in the context of scientific discoveries, neuroscientists are trying to explain the neurological functioning through a unification that can enable scientific truths, but we realize that there are many contradictions in relation to psychoanalysis, philosophy, anthropology, this is a novelty of positivist and experimental scientists seeking to explain how the brain works. Writing about the human mind is a difficult and complex task, because the concepts are confused about the brain, first because there are different types of memories. Memories are files containing cultural information that can help a person find their answers, as well as psychoanalysis has long been a doctrine for the uninitiated a closed sect, who held where the truth about the unconscious was a select group that had the power and truth of psychoanalytic theory. Through this reflection on the "unconscious mind" I want to offer people lay in the subject an opportunity to understand the complex workings of the unconscious mind. I hope this awakening interest in the player, because the brain is unconscious energy with a capacity to leave us perplexed and fascinated with a capacity far beyond computers or the cosmos. All scientific discoveries in many areas of science are changing our way of being and living, and it seems that this transformation is inevitable, we are no longer the same, we go out of the condition of primates and become "cyber man," and yet we must be prepared for other changes and their impact on quality of life, all of this is unpredictable, we can not cower and flee what awaits us in the future, and without thinking or wanting to decrease anxiety, the future is happening right now. The theoretical and conceptual changes should monitor developments and scientific discoveries as we study the human brain met with organismic paradigms that are still with the defects of the neurons concerned to know which groups of neurons that are blamed for the malfunction Brain Machine. While in this mechanistic paradigm and physiological demand for all forms neurological location with their pathological functions, we are far from understanding human and existential. The unconscious part of the neurological functions and needs and understanding of the functioning of neurotransmitters, but can not be explained on this materialist and positivist paradigm. Psychoanalysis feels comfortable and quite safe to say that this paradigm "humanistic existential" may give many explanations about the complex web of human experience. The aim of this book is to discuss the theoretical paradigms and question the concepts and theories of neuroscience, as we understand these concepts in a conventional science that closed the issue on the demarcation of evidence and measurements, prevent psychoanalysts to dialogue with narcissism and prejudices of a science that prefers to take forward at any cost their personal truths. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Pereira, Salézio Plácido T1 - A interpretação dos sonhos (The interpretation of dreams in humanist psychoanalysis), Santa Maria, Brazil (Editora Instituto de Psicanálise Humanista) 2012, 173 pp. N2 - Many people would like to know more about themselves, their qualities, abilities and potential to become more efficient as a human being. This need to understand the subjectivity of interest rises to reveal and discover the secrets that the symbols and dreams hide in essence. On the collective families, schools, businesses, realize the superficiality, lack of initiative, apathy, fears, anxiety, depression, stress, psychic this instance is the basis of productivity, to become efficient requires courage, boldness, creativity, willpower, curiosity, desire to learn, humility and sincerity, qualities and values indispensable for those who want to be efficient and achieve your dreams. Dreams have always been despised by the natural and exact sciences, and could not be otherwise, because people deal with numbers, statistics, measurement, verification, those working with dreams seek to find meaning and significance in the world of emotions and instincts. Psychoanalysis argues for the importance of the study of dreams as a language that can help awaken the potential, the condition is essential to know to live with health and vitality. Those who realize their personal analysis are in this state of discovery, looking for a way to live with joy and happiness. Dreams reveal the dialogue between emotions and existence, unconscious energy communicates through images and symbols, to explore the content and meaning can discover the hidden message that can be interpreted to the patient. Today is consensus that dreams contain important information about mental health, organic, financial and emotional. Erich Fromm wrote about myths, legends, tales, this symbolic universe is interested in balancing and integrating the driving forces of the human being. The dreams also revealed that the matrix develops disharmony and unproductive state of distress, anxiety, are also able to show the latent potential of each person. The dreams always bring creative solutions to solve the neuroses and personal difficulties. This is organismic, inspired by the forces of nature to develop courage, boldness, originality and creativity, this potential is the result of productivity that is interested in health and happiness. In this book I explain the theory of interpretation of dreams, and I believe this is a healthy way for those who want to know more deeply. By paying attention to dreams in symbols images can find the meaning of life, how to live happy and healthy, making the existence of the potential to learn to develop awareness. One of my patients reported the following dream: "A friend asked while walking if he was glad to be retired. Shortly thereafter, I was climbing a wall with a ladder and reached the top, and then went down to get to the floor, I realized I had leaned the ladder against the wrong wall." This dream portrays a life experience and shows that we are not always sure about our goals in life. This situation arises when some beliefs no longer satisfy the desires, is a kind of crisis that needs to be addressed because there is a huge energy wear. Not always the material conditions fail to account for all the emotional demands, this time we must prioritize the loving relationship with emotions. Dreams can be the bridge to integrate and balance all the drives, to become aware of the emotions can get the value and use this potential energy to your advantage. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mutter, Anne-Sophie T1 - Dankesworte von Anne-Sophie Mutter bei der Feier der Übergabe des Erich Fromm-Preises 2011 an Anne-Sophie Mutter am 13. Juli 2011 im Neuen Schloss in Stuttgart. JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 16 / 2012, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), p. 51. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d16/2012hh Y1 - 2012 VL - d16/2012hh ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shi, Peishuang T1 - Certain Choice under Constraint Mechanism – Reason for Jane Eyre's Running away [压抑机制下的必然选择——解读简爱的出走] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Chongqing College & Electronic Engineering [重庆电子工程职业学院学报], No. 1 (2012), pp. 66-68. N2 - >Jane Eyre< is a novel with some autobiographic character. Jane Eyre, the novel's heroine, is an independent woman, brave, strong-minded, with a spirit of resistance, and she ran Just cannot stay away again and again. By using psychoanalytic theories of Freud and Fromm, the author has explored the constraint mechanism, analyzed several concrete symbolic phenomena of the mechanism, and explained the reason why Jane Eyre chose to run away. N2 - 《简爱》是一本带有自传性质的小说。女主人公简爱是一个勇敢、坚强,具有强烈反抗意识的独立女性,但在作品中这样一个刚强的女性却频频选择出走。本文欲运用弗洛伊德和弗洛姆的精神分析理论,通过对压抑机制的探析和几组象征着压抑机制的具象的分析,解读简爱选择出走的原因。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Du, Min T1 - >Freedom< and >Loneliness< – Dual Dimension of Fromm’s Concept of Freedom and Its Limitations [>自由<与>孤独<——论弗洛姆>自由<概念的双重维度及其局限性] JF - Social Scientist [社会科学家], No. 7 (2012), pp. 42-45. N2 - >自由<是弗洛姆社会心理学理论的一个核心概念,借助>自由<概念,弗洛姆完成了社会批判理论与精神分析学说的结合,即马克思与弗洛伊德的结合。弗洛姆赋予>自由<概念的这种<纽带<功能,是该概念涵有社会理论与精神分析学的双重维度,>自由<既是伦理学、政治学中人的本质和权利,又是精神分析学中人的心理>孤独<。在弗洛姆的理论中,>自由<概念的显性是心理学的,但同时又潜含着社会理论的价值蕴意,由于这两个维度的意涵之间缺乏明确的厘定和界说,而使得弗洛姆从>逃避自由<和自我>实现自由<有明显的理想性和局限性。 N2 - With the concept of >freedom<, Fromm completes the combination of social-critical theory and psychoanalysis, that is, the combination of Marx and Freud. The function of >bond< given by Fromm to the concept of >freedom< is that the concept contains the dual dimension of social theory and psychoanalysis, and that >freedom< is both the essence and rights of human beings in ethics and politics, as well as the psychological >solitude< of human beings in psychoanalysis. In Fromm's theory, the concept of >freedom< is explicitly psychological in nature, but at the same time, it also implies the value of social theory. Due to the lack of clear definition and delimitation between the connotation of these two dimensions, it makes Fromm's >escape from freedom< and self-realization of >freedom< have obvious idealism and limitations. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fan, Haixia T1 - On >Escape from Freedom< Thinking [对弗洛姆>逃避自由<的思考] JF - Business [商], No. 2 (2013), p. 228 N2 - 弗洛姆作为一个人本主义者,自然关注人的自由、发展等问题。但他同其他人本主义者不同,他看到现代社会的人们有自由,却又在逃避着自由。他认为,封建社会的人们由于当时的时代背景所限制,一出生便被决定了他的>位置<。这个>位置<,既包括他所在的地理位置,也包括他的社会地位。在以后的生活中,他不会从一个地方迁居到另一个地方,也不会放弃某一个职业而从事另一个新的职业。他同他所处的社会建立了 N2 - Fromm, as a humanist, is naturally concerned with human freedom, development, and other issues. But unlike other humanists, he saw that people in modern society had freedom, but they were escaping from it. In his view, people in feudal society, due to the limitations of the background of the time, had their >position< determined at birth. This >position< included both his geographical location and his social status. Later in life, he does not move from one place to another, nor does he give up one occupation to take up a new one. He establishes a relationship with the society in which he lives. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Du, Min T1 - Pursuit of Freedom and the Escape from Freedom: Analysis of Fromm's Thought of Freedom [自由的追索及其逃遁——弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想解析] JF - Journal of Xidian University (Social Science Edition) [西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 5 (2012), pp. 99-103. N2 - Freedom is the core of the spirit of modern enlightenment, but as the process of modernization advances, it has given rise to the paradox of people pursuing freedom and escaping from it. Chinese society is also on the path of modernization. While pursuing material freedom, people need to care for and guide their spiritual freedom. Fromm's proposition that integrity of personality, love and creative work are the best recipes for realizing positive human freedom has certain warning and reference significance for today's Chinese society. [Automatic translation] N2 - 自由是现代启蒙精神的核心,但随着现代化的进程的推进却衍生了人追求自由,反而陷入逃避自由的悖论之中。中国社会也在实现现代化的路径中,人们在追求物质自由的时候,更需要对心灵自由给予关怀和引领。弗洛姆提出的完整人格、爱与创造性劳动是实现人的积极自由的良方,对于今天的中国社会具有一定警示和借鉴意义。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fang, Qi T1 - A Social Psychological Study of Refugees from Freedom in >The Room< and >The Birthday Party< [《房间》和《生日聚会》中自由逃避者之社会心理学研究], Master thesis, Foreign Language and Literature, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Harold Pinter (1930-2008), the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005, has been the most influential modern British dramatist. With an accurate and affectionate ear for the irrationality of the real-life conversation, he produces plays which stand out in their own enigmatic style-puzzling, dramatic and charged with fascination. From the one-act play The Room to the full-length The Birthday Party, one single pattern predominates: Within a cocoon-like room, the ordinary people pursue their mundane life and are reluctant to go out, always talking in a way which is full of uncooperative responses, awkward silence and pauses, until one mysterious figure enters and eventually leads to the mental breakdown of the characters when their internal fear of freedom is fully projected externally. Based on the study of freedom by the American social psychologist Erich Fromm, this thesis applies social psychoanalysis to identify and understand the characters in The Room and The Birthday Party as freedom escapers. It views personal progress in the social context and aims to conduct a social psychological research on the principles, neurotic symptoms, and mechanisms of the freedom escapers.– The thesis first puts forward the research questions and objectives of the thesis and introduces Harold Pinter, his reception and related criticisms on his plays; and then Chapter One discusses the social psychological principles of the freedom escapers to elucidate freedom as a social psychological problem.– Chapter Two collects qualitative data from the two plays and conducts a social psychoanalysis of neurotic symptoms of the freedom escapers.– Chapter Three categorizes mechanisms adopted by the freedom escapers with detailed analysis from the perspective of social psychology.– Finally, the thesis concludes that it is under the social influence that the characters who are in the fear of isolation and powerlessness become freedom escapers but never find a way out. As an interdisciplinary study in nature, the task of conducting a social psychoanalytic literary research is thus completed. N2 - 哈罗德•品特(1930—2008),2005年诺贝尔文学奖得主,是当今最具影响力的现代英国剧作家。他对现实生活对话中的非理性因素有着准确而细腻的洞察,使其作品呈现出谜一般的姿态:令人疑惑,引人注目,又动人心魄。从独幕剧《房间》到多幕剧《生日聚会》,总是有一种模式贯穿始终:在一个蚕茧般的房间里,普通人过着平凡的生活,不愿意走出自己的房门。在他们的日常对话中,能观察到大量不合作的回应,尴尬的沉默和停顿。当一个神秘人物出现后,房间内安静平凡的格局被打破,导致人物内心对自由的恐惧被投射到外在后,精神世界最终走向崩溃。本文基于美国社会心理学家艾瑞克•弗洛姆关于自由的理论,对品特的剧作《房间》和《生日聚会》中的人物进行社会心理学分析。本文将人物的精神发展与社会背景相联系,对关于剧作中自由逃避者的原则,神经质症状,以及逃避机制从社会心理学方向进行研究。本文在绪论中首先介绍研究问题和目标、剧作家哈罗德•品特、相关文献综述、论文研究方法等。第一章讨论了自由逃避者所遵循的社会心理学原则,并解释了自由为社会心理学命题的合理性。第二章从文本中收集质性数据,闸释了剧中自由逃避者之神经质症状,并用社会心理学方法对其进行精神分析。第三章对剧作中人物的自由逃避机制进行了系统化分类,并提供了相应的社会心理学阐释。最终,本文得出结论,在以现代社会为背景的品特剧作中,人物难以抗拒自由带来的无力感和隔离感,用尽各种方式逃避自由,却终究难以找到一个出路。至此,在跨学科视野下,本文完成了社会心理学分析和文学研究 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lin, Haiyan T1 - Fromm's Escape from Freedom Theory [弗洛姆逃避自由理论探析] JF - Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Social Science Edition) [内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 6 (2012), pp. 301-304. N2 - 在弗洛姆看来,>自由是人类存在的特征。<他根据自由的性质将自由区分为消极自由和积极自由,不仅从人类社会发展史探究人类追求自由的历程,而且深入人的心理层面深刻地剖析并揭示出现代西方人逃避自由的心理机制,指出现代人何以可能实现积极自由,由此而形成其独特的逃避自由理论,然而这一自由理论却存在着巨大的历史局限性。 N2 - For Fromm, >freedom is a characteristic of human existence.< He distinguishes between negative freedom and positive freedom according to the nature of freedom, and not only explores the pursuit of freedom in the history of human social development, but also penetrates into the psychological level of human beings to deeply analyze and reveal the psychological mechanism of freedom avoidance in the modern West, pointing out how modern human beings can achieve positive freedom, thus forming his unique theory of freedom avoidance. However, this theory of freedom has enormous historical limitations. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sang, Xiaoyan T1 - A Study of >The Human Stain< from the Perspective of Fromm's Humanistic Theory (2012)[用弗洛姆人本主义解读《人性的污秽》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - The Human Stain is the contribution of the contemporary American writer the Philip Roth in 2000 which completes his splendid trilogy that begins with American Pastoral (1997) and I married a Communist (1998). It is an exquisite and profound novel, which tells the tragic story of a college professor Coleman Silk, a black man who pretends to be white so as to pursue a better life development. The novel is well accepted and is awarded PEN / Faulkner Award in 2001. It is also adapted into a film of the same name in 2003 starring Anthony Hopkins and Nicole Kidman. Critics and scholars abroad and at home have studied The Human Stain from various perspectives, such as theme analysis, cultural criticism, intertextual study, writing techniques and so on, but few have studied this novel from the perspective of man's living situations. The novel is set at Athena College, which in fact is the miniature of American society. People who live in this environment encounter with various living predicaments, which expresses Roth's concern with the living situations of human being. The thesis attempts to analyze The Human Stain from the perspective of Erich Fromm's humanistic theory. It aims to analyze the wretched living situations of the main characters in this novel, explore the causes for their living plights and search the salvations of modern man. The paper falls into three sections apart from introduction and conclusion.– Introduction gives a general introduction to Philip Roth and his literary accomplishments, The Human Stain, literature review and the significance of this thesis.– Then, Fromm's humanistic theory is presented in brief. According to Fromm, the living situation of human being is a unique matter in nature. He takes human nature as the starting point of his humanism. With the rapid development of capitalism, escape from freedom and alienation become the typical living predicaments of modern people. Moreover, only through creative love can man find a way out of the predicaments.– Chapter One provides a detailed analysis for the wretched living situations of the main characters in this novel, namely escape from freedom and alienation, which are very typical. The freedom they pursue is negative freedom, which means to gain freedom only by getting rid of external bondage without a correct life orientation. The accompanying pressure and burden bring them lots of sufferings. Their life turns out to be perfect and prosperous on the surface, but to the core, it is oppressing. They have to suffer from mental alienation.– Chapter Two comes up with the causes for the paradoxical living situations from social and personal aspects. Man is social animal and cannot exist without the social environment. In this novel, racial discrimination, political correctness, persecuting spirit and the impact of the Vietnam War deepen the degree of man's predicaments. At the same time, various conflicts come into being due to the common living situation of human being, which lead to different psychological needs of people. People would suffer a lot if their basic needs are not satisfied or are satisfied through wrong way.– Chapter Three discusses the salvations of the main characters. According to Roth, death is a thorough and ultimate salvation for the main characters in this novel because it simplifies everything, purifies everything, and is also a form of self-transcendence. Coleman Silk and Faunia Farley end their lives in flowing river, which shows Roth's hope on purification of life. At the same time, a harmonious relationship between man and nature help people gain mental salvation. Lester Farley obtains inner peace in nature. Besides, love is the final salvation for modern people's mental crisis.– In the conclusion part, a summary is made based on the above analysis. The Human Stain expresses Roth's ultimate concern over human nature and the destiny of human beings. He insists on moral values in an age of materialism and has faith in salvations of modern man. The humanistic ideas in this novel heighten Roth's thoughts on human nature and are instructive to modern people. [Author’s translation] N2 - 《人性的污秽》是当代美国作家菲利普·罗斯2000年的作品,是他继《美国牧歌》(1997)和《我嫁了一个共产党员》(1998)之后创作的著名>美国三部曲<的最后一部。该作品叙述了一个冒充美国白人以获取更好人生发展机会的大学教授科尔曼·希尔克的悲剧故事。这部小说结构精巧,思想深刻,颇受欢迎,获2001国际笔会/福克纳奖。2003年本小说被改编为同名电影,由安东尼·霍普金斯和妮可·基德曼领衔主演。国内外的文学评论家和学者从多个角度分析了小说《人性的污秽》,如主题分析、悲剧原型、文化批评、互文性、写作技巧等,而目前还很少有从生存境遇这个角度对其进行研究。小说的背景设置在雅典娜学院,生活于其中的人遭遇各种各样的生存困境,这实际上是整个美国社会的缩影,体现了罗斯对人类生存状态的关注。本论文尝试藉埃利希·弗洛姆(1900-1980)的人本主义理论分析小说《人性的污秽》中主要人物的生存境遇,探讨造成这种困境的原因并揭示当代人的拯救之路。论文除了引言和结论外分为三个部分。引言包括菲利普·罗斯的生平及文学成就、作品简介、文献综述以及本论文的研究意义,并且对弗洛姆的人本主义理论进行了简要介绍。弗洛姆指出,人的生存状况问题是自然界中独一无二的事。人性理论是他人本思想的出发点。飞速发展的资本主义使逃避自由和异化逐渐成为当代人特有的生活困境。而要摆脱这种困境,人只有通过创造性的爱。第一章具体分析了小说中主要人物的悲惨生存境遇。小说中人物的生存境遇具有典型性,即逃避自由和异化。他们追求的是一种纯粹为了摆脱束缚的自由,是一种消极的自由。随之而来的压力和负担使他们陷入痛苦挣扎之中。他们的生活看似美好充实,实则备受压抑,遭受精神异化的折磨。第二章主要从社会和个人两方面探讨造成人物悖论性生存困境的原因。人是社会的动物,不可能脱离社会而存在。在这部小说中,种族歧视、政治正确性、迫害精神以及越战影响等加深了人们的生存困境。而人类共同的生存状况产生了诸多矛盾,从而导致人们种种精神需要的产生。人们基本需要未满足或者满足的方式错误也会导致人们的生存困境。第三章探讨主要人物的拯救之路。死亡能够简化和净化一切事物,是生命自我超越的一种形式,因而在罗斯看来不失为一种最终的、彻底的拯救之路。科尔曼·希尔克和福尼雅·法利在川流不息的河水中结束生命,表达了罗斯对生命净化的渴望。与此同时,人与自然的和谐相处也可以帮助人得到精神救赎,莱斯特·法利在自然中重获内心的平静。除此之外,爱是拯救现代社会人们精神危机的最终方法。结论部分指出小说《人性的污秽》体现了罗斯对人性和人类命运的终极关怀,他坚信在物质社会中道德的价值并对当代人的救赎抱有信心,罗斯在这部小说中表达的深刻的人本主义思想深化了他对人性的思考,对现代人具有启发意义。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiang, Hua T1 - The Frankfurt School's Idea of the >Free and Comprehensive Development of the Human Person< and Its Contemporary Revelations [法兰克福学派>人的自由全面发展<思想及其当代启示], Master thesis, Scientific Socialism and the International Communist Movement, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China 2012. N2 - 人的自由全面发展,既是马克思主义学说的最高理论价值,又是人类社会发展要求解决的终极问题。人类社会的政治、经济和文化发展都取决于人在当时的社会条件下所取得的自身解放程度。从亚里士多德到马克思,从马克思到最年轻的理论学者,人类社会的每一个聪慧的头脑,都怀抱着这样一种伟大的人本主义情怀来对人类自己的生命形式和存在价值这一问题进行着理论和实践的求索。作为西方马克思主义的思想重镇,法兰克福学派构建了一个开阔而恢弘的社会批判理论大厦。霍克海默和阿多诺以批判理论和否定的辩证法为维度,构建了整个法兰克福学派的社会批判理论大框架;马尔库塞和弗洛姆从人类的内心机制出发,深度的剖析了在晚期资本主义社会人所遭致的更加深刻的异化和宰治;哈贝马斯更是高屋建瓴地对整个学派的批判理论进行了反思,进而提出了以交往取代劳动、重建历史唯物主义的思想理论。从文本研究中可以得知,贯穿于这些理论之中的一条红线,正是这一学派学者们对人的自由全面发展的孜孜不倦的追求以及他们自身博大的人本主义情怀。作为一种激进的批判理论本身,法兰克福学派的思想家们一方面希图构建起对现代社会生活的全面批判,另一方面也按照马克思主义辩证法的方法论要求不断反省着自己的批判理论本身。这种对批判理论本身的批判和反思不仅立场鲜明的表明了法兰克福学者们对马克思主义真理性认识的努力捍卫与天才发展,同时这种自我批判与反思使得该学派的理论充满了张力,在某种意义上也赋予了法兰克福学派一个马克思主义标签。中国的社会主义建设和发展已经进入了一个新的历史时期,科学发展观的提出标志着中国的政治方向发生了一些转移,即在强调经济成就的同时更加注意以人为本,各种民生问题的提出,各种保障政策的实行,都是为了真正实现人的自由和权利,为人的全面发展提供更加广阔的空间。在未来的社会发展中,我们所要面临和处理的问题还很多,如何能更好的实现人的自由全面发展,是我们当前进行社会主义建设所要解决的重大问题。认真学习法兰克福学派的关于人的自由全面发展这一思想,对于我们理解马克思主义本真、揭示资本主义的弊端、矫正中国现实社会中的各种失误、指导今后的社会发展等各个方面都具 有重要的理论意义和实践意义。 N2 - Free and overall development of human kind, is both the highest theoretical value of Marxism theory, and the ultimate problem to be solved in the development of human society. The development of politics, economy and culture of human society depends on the liberation degree that humans can achieve under social condition of that time. From Aristotle to Marx, from Marx to youngest theorist, every wise person, carrying this kind of humanistic feelings, tries to do theoretical and practical quest about the question of human’s life forms and existence value. - As a main branch of Western Marxism, Frankfurt School founded an open and broad social criticism theory. Max Horkheimer and Adorno built the broad framework of Frankfurt School's social criticism theory, by using the criticism theory and Negative Dialectics as the dimension. Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm deeply analyzed more profound dissimilation and being ruled people suffered in the late stage of capitalism, starting from inner mechanism of human kind. Jürgen Habermas reviewed the criticism theory of the whole school and then put forward the theory of displacing working by exchange and rebuilding historical materialism. From text studying we could know that the key which runs through these theories is scholars' tireless pursuit towards human beings' free and overall development from this school and their humanistic feelings. As holding the radical criticism theory, thinkers of Frankfurt School want to construct comprehensive criticism towards modern social life on one hand, and on the hand keep self-examining their own criticism theory in accordance with the require of methodology of Marxist dialectic. This kind of criticism and self-examining towards criticism theory not only shows that scholars of Frankfurt School endeavor to defend and ingeniously develop the true knowledge of Marxism, but also makes the theory of this school full of tension and thus labels Frankfurt School >Marxism> in a sense. - Chinese socialist construction and development has come to a new historical period. The proposing of scientific outlook on development signifies that there are some changes in Chinese political direction. The changes, which include paying more attention to >people foremost< while emphasizing economic achievement, proposing of livelihood issues, and implement of security polices, are made to realize people's freedom and rights, and to offer more broad space for people's comprehensive development. In the future social development, many problems will be faced and tackled with. And how to realize people's free and overall development is the problem we have to solve in current socialist construction. In-depth study of the idea about people's free and overall development from Frankfurt School has important theoretical and practical value in understanding reality of Marxism, uncovering drawbacks of capitalism, correcting faults in Chinese society and guiding social development in future. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xia, Bohua T1 - The Analysis and Comparison of Fromm and Berlin’s Freedom Theory [弗洛姆逃避自由理论和柏林两种自由理论之分析与比较], Master thesis, Foreign Marxist Theory, Southwest University, Yubei, Chongqing, China 2012. N2 - 本文就弗洛姆和柏林的自由理论分别进行了进行解读和分析。其中从自由是个心理学问题,人性与社会的两种适应关系,自由对人的双重影响、宗教改革和当代的自由、逃避自由的心理机制以及如何克服消极意义上的自由等多个方面解读了弗洛姆的自由思想。弗洛姆认为现代的我们比任何时候的人都需要自由,然而却没有享受到真正的自由,相反却是逃避自由。造成这个结果的原因主要是由社会和人心理双重压力所致。一方面,人越来越独立自由,越来越富有批判精神。同时,越来越孤立、孤独、微不足道、无能为力。另一方面,逃避孤独、是人性中固有的因素。弗洛姆认为逃避自由的主要机制就是权威主义、破坏欲和机械趋同。同时他也区分了消极自由与积极自由。本文对柏林的分析是从积极自由和消极自由、自我实现、多元论思想等进行的,伯林区分了消极自由和积极自由,认为>消极自由<为个人行动不受他人干涉的区域;>积极自由<意味着个人的生活和选择是由自己而不是任何异己的因素所决定。他极力推崇消极自由。但伯林的消极自由观也蕴含了内在的危机。同时文章也对两者的自由理论进行比较。他们都认为自由分为积极和消极自由。更多的是不同点,本文主要从他们对两种自由概念的理解、两种自由的侧重点,以及达到自由的途径不同,理论贡献和缺陷等四个方面进行分析。 N2 - This paper interprets and analyzes Fromm's and Berlin's theories of freedom respectively. The paper interprets Fromm's idea of freedom from various aspects, including freedom as a psychological problem, the two adaptive relations between human nature and society, the dual influence of freedom on human beings, the Reformation and contemporary freedom, the psychological mechanism of escaping from freedom and how to overcome the negative sense of freedom. Fromm argues that we need freedom more than ever in the modern age, yet we do not enjoy true freedom, but rather avoid it. The reason for this result is mainly due to the double pressure of society and human psychology. On the one hand, people are becoming more and more independent, free and critical. At the same time, they are becoming more and more isolated, lonely, insignificant and powerless. On the other hand, escaping from loneliness is an inherent element of human nature. According to Fromm, the main mechanisms of escaping from freedom are authoritarianism, destructive desire and mechanical convergence. At the same time, he also distinguishes between negative freedom and positive freedom. In this paper, Berlin's analysis is based on the ideas of positive freedom and negative freedom, self-realization, pluralism, etc. Berlin distinguishes between negative freedom and positive freedom. Individuals' lives and choices are determined by themselves and not by any dissident factors. He was a strong advocate of negative freedom. But there is also an inherent crisis in Berlin's view of negative liberty. The article also compares the two theories of freedom. They both agree that freedom is divided into positive and negative freedom. More points of difference, this article mainly analyzes four aspects, such as their understanding of the two concepts of freedom, the focus of the two freedoms, and the different ways to reach freedom, theoretical contributions and defects. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Tingting T1 - Research on the Needs Theory of Ideological and Political Education from an Interdisciplinary Perspective [跨学科视角的思想政治教育需求理论研究], Master thesis, Ideological and Political Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2012. N2 - 思想政治教育的复杂性使得思想政治教育跨学科研究成为重要方法。需求理论是哲学和社会心理学研究的重要课题之一。需求理论与思想政治教育具有内在一致性。本文在思想政治教育研究成果的基础上,尝试从跨学科的视角研究思想政治教育需求理论,分析其特质,总结跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理论的影响。全文分三大部分,分别为概述跨学科的需求理论,分析需求理论与思想政治教育的内在联系,用跨学科的需求理论提升思想政治教育观、拓展思想政治教育途径和完善思想政治教育方法。第一部分:跨学科需求理论的概述。这是本文立论的前提。本文主要借鉴的跨学科需求理论包括:马克思的需求理论、马斯洛的需求理论、奥尔德弗的需求理论、勒温的需求理论、弗洛伊德的需求理论、麦克利兰的需求理论、马尔库塞的需求理论和弗洛姆的需求理论。第二部分:思想政治教育需求理论的特质。这是本文立论的基础。需求是个人与社会发展之间永恒的主题,思想政治教育的研究对象正是人,所以需求理论与思想政治教育具有内在一致性。分析思想政治教育需求理论的特质,是为下一步研究跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理论的影响打下重要基础。本部分主要从思想政治教育需求理论的内涵、特征、功能以及对思想政治教育需求理论的反思四个方面进行分析。第三部分:跨学科需求理论对思想政治教育需求论的影响。这是本文的核心部分。本部分在前两部分的基础之上,运用跨学科的需求理论,加强思想政治教育的理论研究。本部分主要从跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理念的提升、需求途径的拓展和需求应用的完善等方面进行论述。本文主要采用文献分析法、逻辑分析法和对比分析法来进行研究。相比之前学者的研究,本文运用了更多西方学者关于需求的理论,并结合这些理论对思想政治教育需求理论进行全方面的分析 N2 - The complexity of ideological and political education makes interdisciplinary research of ideological and political education an important method. Demand theory is one of the important topics in philosophy and social psychology. Demand theory and ideological and political education are inherently consistent. Based on the research results of ideological and political education, this article attempts to study the demand theory of ideological and political education from an interdisciplinary perspective, analyze its characteristics, and summarize the influence of the interdisciplinary demand theory on the demand theory of ideological and political education. The full text is divided into three parts. They are respectively an overview of interdisciplinary demand theory, analysis of the internal connection between demand theory and ideological and political education, and use of interdisciplinary demand theory to enhance the concept of ideological and political education, expand ideological and political education methods, and improve ideological and political education methods. The first part: an overview of interdisciplinary needs theory. This is the premise of this article. The interdisciplinary demand theories that this article mainly draws on include: Marx's demand theory, Maslow's demand theory, Alderfer’s demand theory, Lewin’s demand theory, Freud's demand theory, McClelland’s demand theory, Marcuse's demand theory and Fromm’s demand theory.– The second part: The characteristics of the demand theory of ideological and political education. This is the basis of this article. Demand is an eternal theme between individual and social development. The research object of ideological and political education is human beings, so demand theory and ideological and political education are inherently consistent. Analyzing the characteristics of the demand theory of ideological and political education is to lay an important foundation for the next step of research on the influence of interdisciplinary demand theory on the demand theory of ideological and political education. This part mainly analyzes the connotation, characteristics and functions of the demand theory of ideological and political education and the reflection on the demand theory of ideological and political education.– The third part: the influence of interdisciplinary demand theory on the demand theory of ideological and political education. This is the core part of this article. On the basis of the first two parts, this part uses interdisciplinary demand theory to strengthen theoretical research on ideological and political education. This part mainly discusses the improvement of the demand concept of ideological and political education by the interdisciplinary demand theory, the expansion of demand channels and the improvement of demand applications. This article mainly uses literature analysis, logic analysis and comparative analysis to conduct research. Compared with previous studies by scholars, this article uses more Western scholars' theories on demand, and combines these theories to make a comprehensive analysis of the theory of demand for ideological and political education. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Dai T1 - >The Way of the World< and >The Human Heart< – Diagnosis, Treatment and Healing Accor¬ding to Fromm [世道<与>人心< – 弗洛姆的诊断、治疗和拯救], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2012. N2 - 在弗洛姆看来,异化既是>世道<的病态,也是>人心<的病态。马克思是针对>世道<病态的人道抗议者,劳动异化本质上是人性异化和非人化,而马克思的目标是人的自由和解放。弗洛伊德是针对>人心<病态的人道关怀者,异化亦是心理的异化,表现为原欲的压抑和疏离的体验,因此人的解放亦是人心的解放。弗洛姆对异化的社会病理诊断,是从人性世界的精神诊断入手的。人性是善恶同体的。从个体性格看,爱生、爱人和独立性是积极的品质,爱死、自恋和乱伦固结是消极的品质。从社会性格看,创生倾向、成长综合症等是积极的品质,非创生倾向、衰败综合症等是消极的品质。弗洛姆对异化的社会治疗方案,包括了从>世道<到>人心<的各个维度和层面:消除人性的异化,满足人的需求,包括爱、自由及自我实现的需求等,是治疗的人道目标,这个目标通过培养健全的人格和建构健全的社会来共同完成。弗洛姆的拯救,是把爱作为一种伦理原则和一种信仰:人的世界应该是爱的世界,爱既是对人的信任,也是一种积极的自由。爱是一种艺术,需要克服个人的自恋,发展谦卑,需要客观性和理性以及培养他生性。弗洛姆启示我们:人性是一个既包括自然属性又包括社会属性,既包括理性又包括感性,既包括意识又包括无意识的多维度、多层面的范畴,>以人为本<应以这个人性范畴为本,而>和谐社会<的建设,也应该包括从>世道<到>人心<的多个维度和多个层面,是系统性的和整合性的。 N2 - For Fromm, alienation is both the pathology of the >way of the world< and the pathology of the >human heart<. Marx was a hu-mane protestor against the pathology of the >way of the world<, and the alienation of labor is essen-tially the alienation and dehumanization of humanity, while Marx's goal is the freedom and liberation of human beings. Freud was a humanist caring for the pathology of the human heart, and alienation is also psychological alienation, manifested in the experience of suppression and alienation of origi-nal desires, so the liberation of the human heart is also the liberation of the human heart. Fromm's socio-pathological diagnosis of alienation begins with the spiritual diagnosis of the world of human nature. Human nature is both good and evil in the same body. In terms of individual character, love of life, love of people and independence are positive qualities, while love of death, narcissism and incest fixation are negative qualities. In terms of social personality, generative tendencies and growth syndrome are positive qualities, and non-generative tendencies and decay syndrome are negative qualities. Fromm's social therapy program for alienation includes all dimensions and levels from >the way of the world< to >the human heart<: the elimination of human alienation and the satisfaction of human needs, including the need for love, freedom and self-actualization, are the humane goals of therapy. The development of a sound personality and the construction of a sound society come together to accomplish this. Fromm's salvation is love as an ethical principle and a belief: that the world of man should be a world of love, and that love is both a trust and a positive freedom. Love is an art that requires the overcoming of personal narcissism, the development of humility, objectivity and rational-ity as well as the cultivation of otherness. Fromm reveals to us that human nature is a multi-dimensional and multi-faceted category that includes both natural and social attributes, both rational and emotional, both conscious and unconscious, and that >people-oriented< should be based on this category of human nature, while >a harmonious society< should be based on this category of human nature. It should also include multiple dimensions and levels, from >the way of the world< to >the human heart<, in a systematic and integrated manner. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bierhoff, Burkhard A1 - Michels, Hans-Peter T1 - Risks and Challenges. Introduction to Social Change Review Special Issue JF - Social Change Review, Winter 2012, Vol. 10, pp. 93-98. DOI: 10.2478/scr-2013-0013 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brunner, Markus A1 - Lohl, Jan T1 - >Außerdem würde ich gerne mal einen Orgon-Akkumulator bauen…<. Zu Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunftsperspektiven der psychoanalytischen Sozialpsychologie. Geschichtsüberblick und Umfrageergebnisse JF - Psychologie und Gesellschaftskritik, Vol. 36, pp. 31-60. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fleming, T. T1 - Fromm and Habermas: Allies for adult education and democracy JF - Studies in Philosophy and Education, Vol. 31, pp. 123-136. N2 - The legacy of the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research has been a powerful force for critically understanding social reality. Erich Fromm was one of the early and best known members of the Institute. Fromm emphasized the centrality of culture and interpersonal relations in the construction of the psyche. The unconscious was not only the location for buried repressed matter but also for the imaginative potential of the human person. He is a forgotten and neglected contributor to the story of the Institute having been written out of this history. This retrospective of his ideas explores his work in the light of the recent work of Juergen Habermas who is also an active but less controversial engager with the psychoanalytic tradition. The implications for adult education will be addressed. The paper outlines Fromm’s radical reinterpretation of psychoanalysis emphasizing the importance of social existence as distinct from the impact of instincts; key concepts of the market, commodity fetishism and automaton conformity; The implications for adult education in the tradition of radical (Freire) and transformative learning theory (Mezirow) and addressed and make connections between Habermas and Fromm that further the project of critical theory. Both attempted in different times to identify and realize the potential of (though neither used the term) of lifelong learning as part of the process of bringing about a more just and caring society and a shared attention to the importance of having free conversations about how the emancipated life might be created and sustained. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hu, Jingjing T1 - The Psychological and Aesthetic Significance of Abuse and Masochism [虐待与受虐的心理学美学意义], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Peking University, Beijing, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 埃利希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm:1900-1980)是二十世纪享有盛名的精神分析学家、社会学家,他的许多理论观点发人深省。在他的理论著作《逃避自由》、《健全的社会》等作品中,他给出了这样一种观点:人类社会的发展历程,是各式各样的对自由的逃避,这种种的逃避自由方式,可以叫做对他人的施虐或者受虐的过程。奴隶社会,奴隶与奴隶主之间的关系是互相依赖,他们借助彼此去逃避自由,去获得权力感或放弃自我获得与他人合为一体之感;中世纪的人匍匐在神的脚下,使自己变成神的附属品,交出自己的自由,获得安全感;宗教改革时期,人从出生到死亡都生活在一个被安排好了的环境中,生来注定了职业和地位,因此人也获得了安全感。然而在现代社会,人转而崇拜金钱、权力、名利,把自己交出去,放弃自由换回依赖。施虐与受虐的理论在分析人类社会发展过程上,也许有着偏颇之处,但它依然有着自己的价值。施虐与受虐理论在对>爱<的分析中,有着发人深省的地方。弗洛姆谈到男女之间的爱情,有些是施虐/爱虐式的,这样的爱情,用弗洛姆的理论来看,并不是真正的爱,而是对内心孤独的逃避;父母对子女的爱中也存在这样的误区,父母可能打着爱的名义完全剥夺了子女的自由,这样的爱可以归结为虐待欲——对别人的控制欲。此外,施虐和受虐理论去分析文学艺术作品,也为我们理解文艺作品打开了一扇新的窗口。因此,施虐和受虐理论有着它的实践和理论意义 N2 - Erich Fromm is a well-known American psychoanalyst and Erich Fromm is a well-known American psychoanalyst and social scientist of the twentieth century. He has presented many thought-provoking the theoretical views in his lifetime. In his most important writing >Escape from Freedom<, a famous opinion is given: the development of human society is a kind of escape from freedom, and this escape can be called abuse and abused. He arrived at this view from the development of western civilization. In the slave society, slaves and slave owners relied on each other heavily, so that they could escape from the endless loneliness and fear which were brought by their inadequate freedom. Medieval people gave their freedom to God in order to feel security and peace of mind. In modern society, however, the faith in God fades away, so people turn to money, power, fame and fortune to seek comfort and sense of dependence. The idea of abuse and abused is insightful, and can be effectively applied into the explanation about love between men and women, parents and children. In Fromm's opinion, some love is not true love, but abuse and abused in a sense. The view of abuse and abused has its own value, especially when it helps us analyze works of literature. This paper focuses on this view, and attempts to explain its connotation and to interpret the effect while reviewing its signification and limitations. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zuo, Danhua T1 - To Have or to Be – Fromm’s Critical Society Theory [占有还是存在 – 弗洛姆社会批判理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 2012. N2 - >占有还是存在<这是一个现代生活中的重要问题,也是弗洛姆社会批判理论和实践中一条隐含的线索。本文首先对重占有和重存在两种生存方式进行了剖析,从中挖掘出了弗洛姆这一生存理论的前提,即人道主义原则、异化理论和社会性格理论。在此基础之上指出他这一理论的主旨:社会批判基础之上的社会拯救——构建>新人<和>新社会<。弗洛姆整个生存方式理论是以他对人性的分析作为基础的,人性中所固有的矛盾性是出现两种生存方式对立的根本原因,而人性中的主动和创造性本质又是消除这种对立,使得人类最终扬弃>重占有<的生存方式,建立>重存在<的生存方式的可能性所在。整篇文章的主要目的是对弗洛姆生存方式理论做一个较为全面的整理工作,同时站在马克思主义的哲学立场上对他的这种理论进行了分析。他这一生存方式理论主要涉及了三个方面:第一,对人的本性、人的生存状况作出的分析说明;第二,对社会状况、特别是社会病态进行了批判剖析;第三,为医治社会、拯救人类提供方案。这三方面也是他整个社会哲学所主要进行的工作。尽管弗洛姆的理论有偏颇之处,但是他为综合马克思的历史唯物主义和弗洛伊德的精神分析学说所做的努力是不容忽视的,正是他的这种努力为我们打开了一个应用马克思主义哲学分析当下社会问题的新视角。 N2 - >To have or to be?< is an important question in modern life, as well as an implicit clue in Fromm's social-critical theory and practice. This paper first analyzes the two modes of existence, namely, possession and existence, and finds out the premises of Fromm's theory of existence, namely, the humanitarian principle, the theory of alienation and the theory of social character. On this basis, he points out the main theme of his theory: social salvation on the basis of social criticism - the construction of a >new man< and a >new society<. The contradiction inherent in human nature is the fundamental reason for the emergence of two opposing ways of living, while the active and creative nature of human nature is the key to eliminate this opposition and make human beings finally abandon the >possession-oriented< way of living and establish a >new society<. The possibility of a >re-existential< way of being. The main purpose of the whole article is to make a comprehensive arrangement of Fromm's theory of ways of life, and at the same time analyze his theory from a Marxist philosophical standpoint. This way of life theory mainly involves three aspects: firstly, the analysis and explanation of human nature and human existence; secondly, the critical analysis of social conditions, especially social pathologies; thirdly, providing solutions for healing society and saving mankind. These three aspects are also the main work of his entire social philosophy. Despite the bias of Fromm's theory, his efforts to synthesize Marx's historical materialism and Freud's psychoanalysis should not be overlooked, and it is his efforts that have opened up a new perspective on the application of Marxist philosophy to the analysis of current social problems. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Yu T1 - The Existential Dilemma and Ideological and Political Education of Contemporary Students – From Fromm's View of Escape from Freedom [当代大学生的生存困境与思想政治教育——从弗洛姆的逃避自由观说起] JF - Journal of Socialist Theory Guide [理论导刊], No. 1 (2012), pp. 71-73. N2 - 了解当代大学生的生存状态和现实需要,是提升高校思想政治教育实效性的基本途径。以弗洛姆的逃避自由观为理论背景分析当前社会条件下大学生的生存困境和心理机制,问题的解决需要政治、经济、文化等各种力量的整合,尤其需要对人精神的引导,这为思想政治教育的发展提供了契机。 N2 - Understanding the living conditions and realistic needs of contemporary university students is the basic way to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education in universities. The solution to this problem requires the integration of various forces such as politics, economy and culture, especially the guidance of human spirit, which provides an opportunity for the development of ideological and political education. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kettler, David A1 - Wheatland, Thomas T1 - >How can we tell it to the children?< A Deliberation at the Institute of Social Research JF - Thesis Eleven, Septembr 6, 2012. N2 - To introduce an archival protocol of a >Debate about methods in the social sciences, especially the conception of social science method represented by the Institute<, held on 17 January 1941 at the Institute of Social Research in New York, the article focuses on certain conflicts in substance and terms of discourse among members of the Institute, with special emphasis on Franz Neumann’s distinctive approaches, notwithstanding his professed loyalty to Max Horkheimer’s theory. These are seen to arise not only from Neumann’s assignment as bargaining agent for the Institute and his distinctive relations with American colleagues, but also from their different orientations to the conflicted legacies of Weimar. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hao, Hongcui T1 - A Study on Parents’ Response to Children’s Love for Hero Type Cartoons and Suggestions [对家长就幼儿喜爱英雄型动画片所作出的回应行为的研究及相关建议] JF - Early Childhood Education [幼儿教育], No. 36 (2012), pp. 40-42. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available.] This study, using questionnaires and interviews, investigates how parents respond to their children’s love for the hero type cartoons such as Japanese cartoon >Ultraman<, analyzes the influence their education opinions may have on their response. Based on these, the researcher puts forward some related suggestions. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 8/2021] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Karamanolaki, Hara T1 - The difficulty of being together without being the same: Identifications and differentiations in countertransference JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 3-4, 2012), pp. 189-194. N2 - The psychoanalytic encounter (Begegnung) is the starting point of the analyst's and analysand's journey. For this journey to be productive, it is necessary for the analyst to be able to identify with the analysand, thus being able to feel and understand what he or she feels. Both analyst and analysand contribute to this mostly unconscious identification. Sometimes, however, a merging relationship can be created as a result of traumatic traces and unresolved transference conflicts in the mind of the analyst. This merging, excluding any >third< between the analyst and the analysand, can provide shelter from the psychic pain of mourning the loss of the other, but can also hinder development and creativity. This is when the working-through of the analyst's countertransference can allow the analytic thought to be the >third< and the merging relationship to be interrupted. The differentiation of the analyst is the necessary precondition for the subsequent differentiation of the analysand. This paper discusses this situation based on a clinical case in which a dream of the analyst initiated her reflective process and, by working through the countertransference, the analytic process was facilitated. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sweet, Alistair D. T1 - Black holes: Some notes on time, symbolization, and perversion in the psychodynamics of addiction JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 2, 2012), pp. 094-105. N2 - Through a historical survey of the psychoanalytical reflection on depression the author shows how, after the first works by Freud and Abraham on the topic, it has developed (at least at an implicit level) according to two basic explanatory orientations. By separative orientation, the therapeutic evolution of depression aims at the substantial abandonment of the investment (already impaired by affective ambivalence) in certain objects, or their internal representatives/derivatives, having high narcissistic value. According to restorative orientation, the overcoming of depression is connected, instead, to the possibility of maintaining or re-establishing that investment, at least at a level of internal derivatives. By referring to one of his clinical treatments, the author underlines the greater significance of the separative orientation, together with the necessity of considering the restorative dimension only as a partial and secondary function of the therapeutic dynamic of depression. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sjödin, Christer T1 - Psychoanalysis is becoming an impossible profession within the public welfare system in Sweden JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 1, 2012), pp. 046-052. N2 - The preconditions for psychoanalytic practice within the Swedish public welfare system are analyzed in this article. Psychoanalysis remains a one-to-one treatment and relies on the analyst's capacity to use his or her own subjective response. The development of the psychoanalytic process is dependent on unconscious reality, making it impossible to work with a model that has a strict relation between diagnosis, treatment method, and result. Objectivity and the desire to predict treatment outcomes characterize the immanent logic in the complex system of laws and recommendations that affects most practices within the field of medicine. As a consequence of this development, psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy are marginalized, since our treatment methods are not adapted to the present industrialization and economization of the medical health sector, with the result that the preconditions for psychoanalytic training have changed dramatically. The exclusion of psychoanalysis from the national health insurance scheme is a demanding challenge at a time when the Swedish welfare model is undergoing fundamental changes. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Soares, Ednei T1 - Mother and woman between child and work: Report from a project with handicapped children JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 1, 2012), pp. 058-061. N2 - This article presents research into the mother–child relationship according to psychoanalytic theory. It is based on data from groups of mothers who have children with special needs in the context of their experiences with inclusive education policies. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Solms, Mark T1 - Depression: A neuropsychoanalytic perspective JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 3-4, 2012), pp. 207-213. N2 - As a psychoanalyst, I believe that conscious mental phenomena (such as feelings) are not epiphenomenal to the workings of the brain. Feelings evolved for good biological reasons; they make specific contributions to (unconscious) brain functioning. Notwithstanding all the philosophical complexities, the interactions between consciousness and unconscious brain functions are causal interactions. The tendency of modern neuroscientists (and biological psychiatrists) to marginalise consciousness in relation to how the brain works is likely to lead them badly astray. I illustrate this view by trying to address the question: why does depression feel bad? Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Souza Sant'Anna, Anderson De T1 - Psychoanalysis and contemporary subject–work–organizations relations JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 1, 2012), pp. 035-040. N2 - What are the implications of the new management models, which are typical of contemporary organizations, on the subjects who depend on their work for a living? Which are the new symptoms and pathologies that define contemporary organizations? What could psychoanalytical studies contribute towards a greater understanding of the contemporary modes of subject–work–organizations relations? As answers, we should stress the relevance of deeper conversations between organizational studies and psychoanalysis, as in its extension it will offer significant potential with regard to new gazes and theoretical–methodological approaches that will allow broader visions with regard to the multiple facets that characterize the complexity of current of subject–work–organizations relations. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rigas, Dimitrios T1 - When interpretations are not enough: Interactions between the analytic pair, an intersubjective approach JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 3-4, 2012), pp. 182-188. N2 - Psychoanalysis today is increasingly turning its sights on narcissistic and borderline states, in which archaic forms of defense predominate and accordingly burden the analytic setting. Mental function suffers, and psychic pain cannot be experienced as a mental emotional experience. As a result, the whole situation tends towards the direction of enactment. In such cases, interpretations are not enough, at least on a primary level. Instead, there should be a possibly lengthy period of containment of this archaic nonverbal communication within the psychic space of the analyst in order give it meaning and subsequently remit it into the potential space between the analyst and the analysand in the analytic setting. It has been increasingly accepted by the psychoanalytic community that the analyst's response towards the analysand's transference is likely to contain elements that come from the analyst's own mental and affective processes. Such a holistic view of countertransference is open to acknowledging, and even embracing, the subjectivity of the analyst in the analytic process. The analyst's affective reaction toward and involvement with his patients, which is absent from the classic description of countertransference, turns the latter concept into a valuable and reliable tool for understanding severe pathology within an intersubjective frame of interaction. This paper presents the clinical case of a middle-aged man with narcissistic disorder and an incapacity to mourn. It describes the course of the interaction within the analytic pair that, in a setting of intersubjectivity, worked toward reconstructing the patient's sense of loss and absence. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sánchez, María Eugenia T1 - The reconfiguration of subjectivity and of intersubjective relations in migratory processes: A case study JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 3-4, 2012), pp. 159-166. N2 - The time–space upheavals that characterise so-called globalization have been translated into virtual flows, the flow of objects, and population flows with differentiated impacts within the strata of the population. This paper studies a Mexico–United States migratory circuit in which the analysis focuses on the way in which subjectivities and social identities are destructured and reconfigured in a peasant population of indigenous origin that has been forming a transnational community with migrants established in Long Island, New York. The reconstruction of a structural framework and a transnational culture becomes a substratum that allows for the emergence of new social subjects such as grandmothers, autonomous women, and young people. The psychic dynamics of losses and appropriations, of unresolved ambivalences, interact with the sociostructural processes. The US–Mexico border, a cause of physical, emotional, and symbolic rupture, appears as one of the axes of comprehension for transforming the subjectivities and the intersubjective networks. A dialogue is attempted with a psychoanalytic and sociopsychoanalytic approach, which is vital in these contexts. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thanopulos, Sarantis T1 - The mutually constitutive relationship between subjectivity and intersubjectivity and the responsible subject JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 3-4, 2012), pp. 154-158. N2 - At the centre of subjectivity lies the interdependence between passion and sense of responsibility. Passion is nourished by misacknowledgment (possessive desire) and acknowledgment (hatred) of the other as a subject at the same time. In the crescendo of this contradiction, the subject discovers that he is the hated subjectivity of the object that makes him alive and desirable. He discovers that he loves the object for the same reason he hates it. He must protect the object of his passionate love if he wants to keep this love alive, and this is when the sense of responsibility for the others is born. The passage from passion (passionate subject) to responsibility (responsible subject) is neither automatic nor direct. The child has to gasp his mother's subjectivity in order to responsibly protect it. What makes this possible is hysterical identification, which is both identification and relation, with her. Hysterical identification allows the child to extend the boundaries of his existence in order to make it eccentric to the original, undifferentiated core of his own subjectivity. The other becomes co-constitutive of the subjectivity, and the particular of the subjective experience meets the universal of the intersubjectivity at the point where they constitute each other. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turco, Ronald T1 - Review Vamik D. Volkan: Psychoanalytic Technique Expanded:  A Textbook on Psychoanalytic Treatment JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 364-365. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stone, Michael H. T1 - Disorder in the Domain of the Personality JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 023-046. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stone, Michael H. T1 - Dream Analysis in the Psychodynamic Psychotherapy of Borderline Patients JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 287-302 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hinshelwood, R. D. T1 - On being objective about the subjective: Clinical aspects of intersubjectivity in contemporary psychoanalysis JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 3-4, 2012), pp. 136-145. N2 - This paper attempts to set out the conceptual history of countertransference and intersubjectivity. I will attempt to show the different histories that have occurred within British object relations compared with the developments in the post-ego-psychology era in North America. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kyriazis, Dimitris T1 - Transformations and the rebirth of the true unconscious subject: An intersubjective perspective JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 3-4, 2012), pp. 173-181. N2 - The transformations that lead to the rebirth of the true-unconscious-subject-as-I (TUs-as-I) in the unconscious of the patient's mind is discussed. The TUs-as-I is the vehicle and main exponent of self-realization, the basis of the intention for freedom of will, for creative motive, and for the construction of meaning. The unconscious ego is the representative of the TUs-as-I, and in cases where it has been devitalized, the patient's unconscious ego/me is lost, broken, or has become >dead.< It is suggested that, in the analytic situation, apart from serving as an external object available for the patient's unconscious imaginary identification, the analyst as the Other also functions as an external Subject, who invites the analysand to respond to his discourse/logos as a supposed-to-be Subject and to identify with his symbolic call. If the patient accepts the call and responds, transformations of his ego/self structures take place that lead to rebirth of the TUs-as-I, to a regenesis of new ego structures, and to a catastrophic change of the >dead imaginary ego-object formations.< The present work discusses certain factors and issues that facilitate the regenesis process, the emergence of a >live true self,< and offers clinical material for the issues discussed. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kyriazis, Dimitris A1 - et al., T1 - Editorial: The Intrapsychic and the Intersubjective in Contemporary Psychoanalysis T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 3-4, 2012), pp. 125-129. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kostopoulos, George K. T1 - Recent advances in sleep physiology of interest to psychoanalysis JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 3-4, 2012), pp. 229-238. N2 - Evidence from recent electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic sleep studies is reviewed in relation to consciousness and dreams, two fundamental issues in psychoanalytic theory and practice. The rich dynamics of the macro- and microstructure of human sleep indicate specific brain disintegrating mechanisms as underlying the loss and alteration of consciousness in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep, respectively. Transient state changes and dynamic interactions between elements of sleep graphoelements (i.e. K-complexes and spindles) are described; these, beyond their involvement in controlling consciousness level, may support the consolidation or modification of therapeutic experiences. Higher powers than in awake-state gamma-band electrographic activity (known to underlie cognitive processes), which we observed in specific medial prefrontal cortical areas, are proposed to support content in dreaming (REM) and mentation (NREM). These areas lie in remarkably close proximity to the >default system< and >theory of mind< areas, which may be parts of the neural correlates of intrapsychic and intersubjective processes. Specific activations of limbic circuits were observed in REM sleep in consistency with the emotional content of dreams. Current brain imaging technology in sleep studies offers new opportunities to explore the mechanisms underlying consciousness and dreaming, a unique area of convergence between biology and psychology. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kouvelas, Elias D. T1 - Unconscious and plasticity: Bridges between psychoanalysis and neuroscience JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 21 (No. 3-4, 2012), pp. 214-217. N2 - The recent developments in brain science research suggest that terms such as >consciousness< or >unconscious< can be discussed not only on a psychological or psychoanalytic basis, but also on a neurobiological one. The work of several investigators indicates that, through the mechanisms of brain plasticity, an unconscious internal reality can be formed that probably plays a key role in the determination of the subject. The functions of the amygdala can be a good example for visualizing this type of mechanism. Mirror neurons may also play a key role in human development during the prelinguistic stages of life. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Jingyu T1 - Am I a Devil? – A Look at the Sadistic Personality of the Protagonist in >Wonderland< from the Perspective of Erich Fromm’s Theory [我是魔鬼吗?——以弗洛姆的理论解读《奇境》主人公的虐待狂人格] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Nanyang Normal University [南阳师范学院学报], No. 4 (2012), pp. 80-83. N2 - 以弗洛姆关于虐待狂的理论,分析《奇境》一书中的主人公杰西虐待狂人格的形成原因,以及他行为中表现出的受虐特性与施虐特性。反映了>原始关系<的断裂使人产生孤独无力感;通过服从或控制外界这种消极的方式获取安全感,导致了人格的异化。 N2 - In light of Erich Fromm’s theory on sadisms, this paper is to analyze the sadistic personality of Jesse, the protagonist of Wonderland, including the reasons of its formation and the masochistic and sadistic features in Jesses’ behavior. The analysis illustrates that once the ‘primary bonds’ are severed, the individual would feel a sense of powerless and aloneness and that a negative way to acquire a sense of security through submission and domination would result in the alienation of personality. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER -