TY - JOUR A1 - Ni Éigeartaigh, Aoileann T1 - >How Can One Take Delight in the World Unless One Flees to It for Refuge?<: The Fear of Freedom in Erich Fromm and Franz Kafka JF - The Polish Journal of Aesthetics, Vol. 53, No. 2 (2019), pp. 15-31. [Online ISSN 2544-8242] [doi.org/10.19205/53.19.1] N2 - Erich Fromm points to a tendency whereby the numerous freedoms gained by the citizens of modern democracies have been accompanied by widespread feelings of loneliness and disconnection. The loosening of traditional social structures leads some individuals to seek out restrictions, for example in order to counteract the feelings of being alone. This essay uses Fromm’s thesis as a lens through which to examine two of Franz Kafka’s novels in which the protagonists exemplify the >fear of freedom< proposed by Fromm. Society in these novels is perceived as a prison cell in which one must comply with social regulations, but also a fortress to which one can retreat from the chaos of the outside world, albeit at the cost of one’s psychological health. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - >I Am Not What I Am<: Iago and Negative Transcendence JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 187-204. N2 - This chapter tackles the perennial critical conundrum of Iago’s motivation. Agreeing with Coleridge’s assessment of his >motiveless malignity,< it argues that all attempts to explain Iago’s character in terms of individual psychology prove inadequate and that he can be more satisfactorily understood by employing Fromm’s concept of >social character.< Iago is the prototype of early modern capitalist man who exhibits the >pathology of normalcy< and exemplifies three of Fromm’s four >unproductive orientations<—exploitative, hoarding, and marketing. Iago’s lack of a sense of self leads him to destroy rather than to create, and thus manifests the impulse for negative transcendence, or what Fromm terms necrophilia. As necrophilia is the most malignant form of the anal character, this analysis accounts for the pervasiveness of anal imagery in Othello, including in the speeches of the otherwise feeble Clown. Iago, neither devil nor human, is at once a product of his age and the quintessence of all those, from Caligula to Hitler, for whom madness is a way of life because they seek to transcend through destruction the limits of human existence. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sabucedo, Pablo T1 - Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and humanistic psychotherapy: an integrative approximation JF - British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, Vol. 49, No. 3 (2019), pp. 347-361. [Online ISSN 1469-3534] [doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2019.1597016] N2 - This article explores the similarities between humanistic (and existential) psychotherapy, represented here by the ideas of Viktor Frankl, Erich Fromm and Irvin Yalom, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Despite the ongoing dialogue between both therapies during the last decade, regarding both their convergences and divergences, there is a gap in the literature concerning their complementarity in clinical practice. This analysis addresses this gap with the integrative (or pluralistic) clinician in mind, and approximates a theoretical and practical integration anchored upon the trans-theoretical model. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gandesha, Samir T1 - Adorno, Ferenczi, and a new >categorical imperative after Auschwitz< JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 222.230. N2 - Theodor W. Adorno's mature thought can be characterized by the attempt to articulate what he calls a >new categorical imperative after Auschwitz.< By this, Adorno means that theory and praxis must be organized in such a way that the Holocaust does not repeat itself. This article argues that Sándor Ferenczi’s metapsychology is key to understanding Adorno’s attempt to rethink the nature of precisely such a new categorical imperative. One of the key themes of Adorno’s entire corpus is the problem of the “identification with the aggressor” – an idea that originates with Ferenzci rather than, as is commonly thought, Anna Freud. The Ferenczian dimension of Adorno’s thinking becomes particularly clear in Adorno’s thoughts on the question of freedom. In this context, Adorno engages in a psychoanalytically informed critique of the philosophy of freedom and a speculative philosophical critique of psychoanalysis. The fashioning of a >new categorical imperative< after Auschwitz entails a form of education directed towards a new form of Mündigkeit, one oriented towards contradiction, resistance, and a steadfast refusal to >identify with the aggressor.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lorenzen, Sünje T1 - Alienation and >Productive Orientation< in Work. A Contribution to Erich Fromm's Critical Analysis of Society JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 108-117. N2 - Erich Fromm had developed a dialectical approach on alienation phenomena in work. On the one side he criticizes today’s poor working conditions and on the other side he shows productive orientation in work. In my essay I will discuss empirical and theoretical contributions of social-psychological research in this Frommian perspective. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019i Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019i ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mathes, Bettina T1 - All my toys are dead: Chantal Akerman’s >No Home Movie< (2015) JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 014-021. N2 - Making films can be a lifeline, an aid to going on living when (we feel) the world around us has disappeared. Looking, showing that there’s a >there there,< recording the present moment and thereby preserving it, can, for a time, make us not feel the nothingness within us. But the rescue that comes from making a film is always provisional. Why? Because every film has an end. Because if there are no more films to make, if there is nothing that deserves to be looked at (the worst case scenario), going on living will have exhausted itself, and taking one’s own life (if indeed there was a life to take) may seem the only option. Chantal Akerman’s >No Home Movie< – a film recording the slow death of her mother in her Brussels apartment – is this worst case scenario. A moving record of the psychic devastation that comes about when we, slowly but surely, lose the one object worth looking at. Panic, depression, hopelessness, and a fierce determination to go where the disappeared object went. To this last home where nothing no longer moves. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jourshari, Abbas Naeemi A1 - Haghighat, Seyedeh Sedigheh T1 - An assessment of the concept of alienation in Marxist theories [Una evaluación del concepto de alienación en las teorías marxistas] [Uma avaliação do conceito de alienação nas teorias marxistas] JF - Revista Amazonia Investiga, Vol. 8, No. 18 (2019), pp. 471-482. [Online ISSN 2322–6307] [amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/360/336] N2 - Alienation is one of the important concepts of social science which has been most studied in Marxism idealogy. The main purpose of the present paper is to review the opinion of Marxist sociologists on alienation. This paper has been compiled to answer the following question: What is self-alienation and what is the Marxists’ view about this complex concept? Regarding this matter, while reviewing the history of Alienation and its conceptual dimensions, theories of Karl Marx, George Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Erich Fromm, and Juergen Habermas is examined. The research method used in this research is a descriptive and data collection method is librarian. The findings chart is plotted at the end of the paper. N2 - La alienación es uno de los conceptos importantes de la ciencia social que ha sido más estudiado en la idealología del marxismo. El objetivo principal del presente artículo es revisar la opinión de los sociólogos marxistas sobre la alienación. Este artículo se ha compilado para responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué es la autoalienación y cuál es la opinión de los marxistas sobre este concepto complejo? Con respecto a este asunto, al revisar la historia de la Alienación y sus dimensiones conceptuales, se examinan las teorías de Karl Marx, George Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Erich Fromm y Juergen Habermas. El método de investigación utilizado en esta investigación es descriptivo y el método de recopilación de datos es bibliotecario. La tabla de hallazgos se representa al final del documento. N2 - A alienação é um dos conceitos importantes da ciência social que tem sido mais estudada na idealogia do marxismo. O objetivo principal do presente artigo é revisar a opinião dos sociólogos marxistas sobre a alienação. Este artigo foi compilado para responder à seguinte pergunta: o que é a auto-alienação e qual é a visão dos marxistas sobre esse conceito complexo? Com relação a esse assunto, ao revisar a história da alienação e suas dimensões conceituais, as teorias de Karl Marx, George Lukács, Antonio Gramsci, Erich Fromm e Jurgen Habermas são examinadas. O mIétodo de pesquisa utilizado nesta pesquisa é descritivo e o método de coleta de dados é bibliotecário. O gráfico de resultados é plotado no final do artigo. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brady, Fergal T1 - An extract of the analysis of the Monkey Puzzle Boy JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 212-221. N2 - A client who wants his story to be made into a case history presents for psychoanalysis. An artist all his adult life, he expresses his sexual trauma through his art. His more recent artistic output is in the form of avant-garde video montages. The analysis stalls, becalmed by a failure to understand a circumcision event, a punishment for sexual expression. If Ferenczi and the Budapest school model learning from therapeutic errors, freedom of thought, sincerity, and experimentation, then this case history illustrates those. Real sexual trauma and a real circumcision event are entangled with fantasy and art in attempts to come to terms with them. The circumcision event was better understood with multiple readings of Carlo Bonomi’s work, which became part of the analysis. The wider Ferenczi community also became part of the story of the analysis, and in a kind of mutuality the analysis wants to make a contribution to that body of knowledge. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mozaheb, Mohammad Amin T1 - Analyzing Lexical Items and the Thematic Structures of Two Translations of >To Have or to Be< by Eric Fromm JF - Journal: International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, Vol. 4, No. 11 (2021), pp. 157-167. [ISSN: 2617-0299 (Online); ISSN: 2708-0099 (Print)] N2 - There are different ways of assessing the quality of a good translation. This study tried to approach this task using House's (2015) translation quality assessment (TQA) model and Baker's (2018) marked thematic structure model, each introducing new ideas and novel ways to assess the quality of a translated work. Having reviewed the alternative TQA models, this study aims at a detailed investigation of House’s Model and its potential power to predict the errors in the Persian translation of chosen psychological work for this study. As a kind of complementary assessment for the source text (ST) and its two target texts (TTs), Baker's model was used to compare ST marked thematic structures with their TTs equivalents. Persian translations of Eric Fromm’s >To Have or To Be< on the basis of two chosen models were carried out. First, the errors (overt and covert errors), as well as thematic structures (marked vs. unmarked), were identified and classified, and then the frequency of their occurrences was computed to see whether there is any statistically significant difference. The results indicated that out of 100 selected items of the source text, TT1 and TT2 had 22 and 77 overtly erroneous items, respectively. The most frequent errors especially in TT2 by Mr. Tabrizi were mistranslation, breach of TL system, omission, and addition. The only covert error was a tenor mismatch between the writer of the source text and the translator of the target text. Since in two particular pieces of translation especially TT2, there were a lot of overt errors and according to House’s Model, a good translation has to be translated overtly and any deviation of it will be considered as an error, this translation can be considered as a covert rather than an overt translation. Considering the marked thematic structures, with the percentage of 94.5 and 79 in TT1 and TT2 by Mr. Sabouri and Mr. Tabarizi, it can be claimed that there was a high degree of correspondence between ST and its two TTs for marked structures. The product of this study could be beneficial for translators of psychological works to get familiar with problems in translation of these books as well as strategies used to cope with such problems. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kruczek, Agnieszka A1 - Janicka, Martyna T1 - Being or Having? – Young Adults Life Orientations and Their Satisfaction with Life [Mieć czy być? – orientacje życiowe młodych dorosłych a ich satysfakcja z życia] JF - Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology [Pschiatria I Psychologie Klinicze], Vol. 19, No. 2 (2019), pp. 158–164. [DOI: 10.15557/PiPK.2019.0016] N2 - Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to examine if life orientations of young adults (>being< or >having<) differentiate respondents with respect to the degree of life satisfaction. Material and methods: A total of 187 persons (143 woman and 44 man) aged 18 to 29 years were included in the study. The following methods were used in the study: sociodemographic questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale by E. Diener, R.A. Emmons, R.J. Larson, S. Griffin and the Being and Having Orientations Scale of B. Grulkowski. Results: A life orientation is a kind of behaviour regulator, that set the direction of human activity. There is a distinction between a >being< orientation (which refers to spiritual values) and a >having< orientation (which refers to possessing material things) that are manifested in a variety of experiences, and is related to human thinking, feeling, and acting. Therefore, a life orientation may play a really important role in the satisfaction with life. Most of the respondents were characterised by a mixed orientation (>being-having<) and an average level of satisfaction with life. There is no significant difference in the level of satisfaction with life according to gender and the subject of studies. It was shown that people with the >being< orientation have greater satisfaction with life than people with the >having< orientation. The obtained results, which show no differences in satisfaction with life according to gender, are consistent with the earlier studies. And so is the result that people with the dominant of the >being< orientation have greater satisfaction with life, than those with the >having< orientation. Conclusions: Only few papers about >being< and >having< orientations have been published so far since the method used in the study occurs only in the Polish language and there is no data about its adaptations in different countries. Results of conducted research set the direction of educational impact and give the scientific basis for a well-known saying: money can’t buy happiness. N2 - Cel: Zasadniczym celem prezentowanych badań było sprawdzenie, czy orientacje życiowe młodych dorosłych (>być< czy >mieć<) różnicują badanych pod względem nasilenia satysfakcji z życia. Materiał i metoda: Łącznie zbadano 187 osób (143 kobiety i 44 mężczyzn) w wieku od 18 do 29 lat. W badaniach zostały wykorzystane następujące metody: Skala Satysfakcji z Życia (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS) autorstwa E. Dienera, R.A. Emmonsa, R.J. Larson i S. Griffin oraz Skala Postaw Być i Mieć autorstwa B. Grulkowskiego. Wyniki: Orientacja życiowa stanowi pewien rodzaj regulatora zachowania, który nadaje kierunek ludzkiej aktywności. Można mówić o rozróżnieniu pomiędzy orientacją >być< (odnosi się do wartości duchowych) oraz >mieć< (odnosi się do posiadania rzeczy materialnych), które przejawiają się w różnych doświadczeniach i są związane z ludzkim myśleniem, odczuwaniem i działaniem. Dlatego orientacja życiowa może odgrywać bardzo ważną rolę w satysfakcji z życia jednostki. W świetle uzyskanych wyników badań większość respondentów charakteryzowała się orientacją mieszaną (>być-mieć<) i średnim nasileniem satysfakcji z życia. Nie występowały istotne różnice w nasileniu satysfakcji z życia ze względu na płeć i kierunek studiów badanych. Natomiast wykazano, że osoby o orientacji >być< miały większą satysfakcję z życia niż osoby o orientacji >mieć<. Brak różnic w satysfakcji z życia ze względu na płeć jest zgodny z wynikami wcześniej przeprowadzonych badań, podobnie jak wynik dotyczący związku orientacji >być< z większą satysfakcją z życia. Wnioski: Dotychczas opublikowano nieliczne artykuły na temat orientacji >być< i >mieć<, z uwagi na fakt, że metoda zastosowana w badaniu występuje tylko w języku polskim i nie ma danych o jej adaptacji w innych krajach. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań pozwalają na ustalenie kierunku oddziaływań edukacyjnych i dają podstawy naukowe dla znanego powiedzenia: pieniądze szczęścia nie dają. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Du Toit, J. T1 - Between Thanatos and Eros: Erich Fromm and the psychoanalysis of social networking technology use JF - South African Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 38, pp. 136-148. N2 - Social networking technologies have become a ubiquitous framework for social interaction, serving to organise much of the individual’s social life. Such technological structuring affects not merely the individual’s psyche (as a psycho- technics), it also affects broader aspects of society (as a socio-technics). While social networking technologies may serve to transform society in positive ways, such technologies also have the potential to significantly encroach upon and (re) construct individual and cultural meaning in ways that must be investigated. Erich Fromm, who psychoanalytically describes humans as a product of their society and the economic systems within that society, may provide insight into the influence of social networking technologies in contemporary society. He sees the relationship between the individual and society as being in a constant state of dynamic change. Utilising Fromm’s psycho-societal insight, social networking technologies are shown to conflate and confuse the relation between Thanatos and Eros – the Thanatos of a lifeless and consumerist agenda-filled mechanisation, and the Eros associated with social engagement. Thanatos and Eros are tied together via social networking technologies. This results in, firstly, social networking technologies functioning predominantly to further capitalist agendas through the monetisation of these technologies – particularly in terms of linking commodity fetishism and the foundational social drive of the individual. Secondly, social networking technologies mechanise human action according to predictable behavioural paths through the use of these technologies, especially in terms of how socialisation is possible via these technologies (shaping how platonic and romantic relationships may take place in the contemporary world). Such a mechanisation of interpersonal engagement contrasts with Erich Fromm’s assertion that interpersonal relations (vis-à-vis love) are not “mere emotion”, but rather represent an interpersonal creative capacity and interplay. Fromm’s psycho-societal insights will show how contemporary individuals may take independent and responsible rational action to establish accountable and psychologically beneficial ways of engaging with others through social networking technologies. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matthews, David T1 - Capitalism and Mental Health JF - Monthly Review – An Independent Socialist Magazine, Vol. 70, No. 8 (2019), pp. 49-62. [Print ISSN 0027-0520] [monthlyreview.org/2019/01/01/capitalism-and-mental-health] N2 - The psychoanalytical framework developed by Marxist Erich Fromm strongly challenges the dominant biological and individualistic explanations of the mental-health crisis that is now sweeping the globe. Fromm emphasized that all humans have certain needs that must be fulfilled in order to ensure optimal mental health. It follows that capitalism is crucial to determining the experience and prevalence of mental well-being, as its operations are incompatible with true human need. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blum, Harold P. T1 - Childhood trauma, unconscious conflict and developmental transformation JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 165-172. N2 - Trauma is the subject of increasing attention in contemporary psychoanalysis. Its complexities will be explored in a clinical case, emphasizing traumatic experience and unconscious conflict across developmental phases. The patient, a young adult white man began analysis complaining of anxiety and depression. Born to adolescent parents, he had experienced infantile stress and childhood traumatic illness. Needy, greedy, and dependent, he was gratified by the frequency and intimacy of psychoanalysis. Genetic interpretation and reconstruction were particularly important in the analytic process. Analytic progress with attenuation of unconscious conflict and developmental transformation proved enduring after termination. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buechler, Sandra T1 - Clinical Implications of Fromm's Concepts JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 244-249. N2 - In this paper I examine the clinical implications of three of Fromm's key concepts: social character, love, and the sane society. I compare his thinking with the beliefs of H. S. Sullivan, another important contributor to the Interpersonal analytic tradition. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019u Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019u ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gordon, Michael A. T1 - Conclusion: A Holistic Relational Paradigm JF - Aikido as Transformative and Embodied Pedagogy. Teacher as Healer, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2019, pp. 163-168. [eBook ISBN 978-3-030-23953-4] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23953-4_6] N2 - In the conclusion entitled >A Holistic Relational Paradigm,< the author draws on key themes in the manuscript: attachment, healing, psychosocial development, and an altruistic approach to fostering prosocial behavior. Epstein’s (2014) work relates the early trauma of the Buddha’s loss of his mother after childbirth to his resultant view of ‘suffering.’ Epstein explores how this attachment >wound< is mirrored in the Buddhist view that we suffer as the result of not knowing how to integrate the reality of ‘impermanence.’ The author continues to generalize this universal or psycho-spiritual view (as opposed to one based on our ‘personal’ pathology or ‘narrative’) through the core training principles of Ki Aikido, like the Buddha’s Four Noble Truths, as ways of laying out a more liberatory path in daily life. Drawing on the work of Erich Fromm, he further expands on the notion of love, specifically as an approach that fosters applied skillfulness in relationships as an antidote to narcissism. Expanding further, he draws on Matthieu Ricard’s (2015) work on altruism, based in research on its roots in prosocial behavior rather than as moral idealism or superiority. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voigt, Katrin T1 - Contested Common Ground and the Question of Emancipatory Value. Applying Fromm's Radical Humanism and Social Narcissism to the Discourse on Refugees and the Nation JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 153-160. N2 - Universality is being deconstructed within contemporary social struggles. Focusing on struggles around the discourse on refugees and the nation, and so-called >welcome culture< in the German context in particular, questions arise regarding the emancipatory potential of emerging narratives of a contested common ground (Hark et al. 2015). This article proposes Erich Fromm's understanding of >radical humanism< (1968a) and its line of argumentation towards >global solidarity< (Wilde 2013) instead of national >group narcissism< (Fromm 1964a) as a normative base to evaluate the emancipatory value of emerging narratives. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019l Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019l ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Papiasvili, Eva D. T1 - Continued relevance of Dante Alighieri’s >Comedy< that transformed the soul and the culture JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 039-049. N2 - The following essay is a modified version of an invited presentation given in Florence, Italy in May 2017. It builds on and extends some of the previous psychoanalytic and multidisciplinary studies of Dante’s >Divine Comedy< as a >psychoanalysis of the Middle Ages< that greatly contributed to the incipient changes of the cultural episteme. The paper will explore and elaborate the continued relevance of Dantian proto-psychoanalytic insight into the complex role of regression, destruction, transgression, and conflict in generating growth, expansion, and creativity, and the ways in which ethics and erotics intertwine in a complex path towards unity, within the context of his multivocal presubjective, intrasubjective, and intersubjective inquiry leading to psychic reorganization. The liminal nature of Dante’s poetry, extending the symbolic and representational range in a way unprecedented in the vernacular literature of his time, vivifying and representing what is traditionally thought of as beyond representation, will also be considered in terms of its relevance to the contemporary psychoanalytic discourse. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laskin, Alexander V T1 - Defining propaganda: A psychoanalytic perspective JF - Communication and the Public, Vol. 4, No. 4 (2019), pp. 305-314 [Online ISSN 2057-0481] [doi.org/10.1177/2057047319896488] N2 - Propaganda is a centuries-old term, and yet scholars and practitioners are still having a hard time defining it and pinpointing what makes propaganda unique. Many existing definitions fail to distinguish between propaganda and marketing, public relations, advertising, or even mass communications, in general. This essay proposes to define propaganda through psychoanalytical research pioneered by Erich Fromm on symbiotic relations. Symbiotic relations, when transferred from biology to psychology and sociology, describe a process of allowing a person to merge with something big and important, therefore creating meaning beyond an individual’s life. As a result, following its religious roots, propaganda acts similar to religion – asking for a sacrifice of individualism in the name of something bigger – god, country, society, or political party. In the end, people willingly engage in propaganda because, although sacrificing something, they receive unity with the bigger powers of other people, organizations, political parties, countries, and so on. As a result, such persons are not alone against the world; they are now a part of a bigger and stronger union. N2 - Contexte: La propagande semble nous entourer, pourtant beaucoup de gens trouveraient difficile d’en fournir une définition. Elle fait partie de ces mots faciles à utiliser, mais difficiles à définir. Les universitaires écrivent sur la propagande depuis des siècles, mais sa définition reste illusoire. Les profanes appellent simplement propagande toutes les communications avec lesquelles ils ne sont pas d’accord. La propagande devient un lavage de cerveau ou, pire encore, une guerre psychologique. Objectifs: L’article cherche à répondre à ce problème d’identification de la propagande. Méthode: L’article développe un argument théorique en faisant dialoguer l’œuvre psychologique et psychanalytique de Fromm avec le réel des sciences de la communication. Résultats: L’auteur soutient que la propagande est plus qu’un simple blasphème pour désigner des activités de communication avec lesquelles nous sommes en désaccord. En fait, cet essai suggère que la propagande peut mieux se comprendre grâce aux recherche psychanalytique de Fromm sur le sadisme et le masochisme. Fromm, à l’aide d’un concept biologique de symbiose, a expliqué le sadisme et le masochisme comme une façon de construire des relations symbiotiques, ce qui rend dans la relation un individu plus grand que ce qu’il n’est. En appliquant cette théorie à une société, l’agent de propagande et celui qui en est destinataire ne sont pas si différents d’un sadique et d’un masochiste, tous deux donnant un sens à leur vie grâce à la propagande et faisant partie de quelque chose de plus grand. Les relations symbiotiques de la propagande reposent sur la pensée de groupe et la rhétorique participative, qui visent à renforcer la cohésion du groupe et à établir une mentalité du >nous contre eux<. Conclusion: L’article conclut que les relations symbiotiques de la propagande fonctionnent par le biais de la pensée de groupe et de la rhétorique participative axées sur la cohésion du groupe et l’établissement d’une mentalité du >nous contre eux<. La propagande supprime l’individu pour se concentrer sur le plus grand nombre ; la propagande éradique les désirs de l’individu pour se concentrer sur les besoins du groupe ; et la propagande trace des frontières nettes entre le groupe et le territoire ennemi. La propagande devient une symbiose agressive visant à sa propre survie et à sa protection contre les autres. Ce travail, s’appuyant sur cette explication de la propagande par les relations symbiotiques, propose plusieurs domaines de recherche future sur la propagande afin de mieux comprendre son lien avec la psychologie et la psychanalyse. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris T1 - Descendants of terror JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 008-011. N2 - The aim of this paper is to approach transgenerational transmission aspects of the traumatic experience of terror in the large social group. The author makes use of the notion of chosen trauma, coined by Vamik Volkan, which shows how specific mental representations of a traumatizing historical event, shared by the large group, can be transmitted to descendants and eventually used by them as a linking factor of their large group. The above issues, along with the importance of reversal of helplessness and of inability to mourn, are discussed; relevant clinical material focusing on the interplay between large-group and individual transmission is presented. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Developmental Roots of Productive and Unproductive Social Character Traits JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 199-210. N2 - A longitudinal study of early attachment and social character development of 14 Nahuat mother-infant dyads -since the infants were 11 months, having assessed them at 9 years of age and again in their late adolescence- show a significant improvement on the youngsters’ emotional development. The study conducted by the Seminario de Sociopsicoanálisis within a 40-year-long humanizing project in the village, called >Intercultural Participation Project,< suggests the benefit of promoting the rescue of their indigenous Nahuat culture and tradition. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019q Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019q ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Did Freud Masturbate? The Folly of Elisabeth Roudinesco JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 205-214. N2 - This chapter takes to task Elisabeth Roudinesco’s biography, Freud in His Time and Others, for innumerable factual errors and, even worse, for the assumption that she is presenting the objective truth about Freud. Three traditions of Freud biography are delineated: the hagiographic, of which Roudinesco’s is the latest example, the Freud-bashing, and the revisionist, which sees Freud as having created something incontestably great but also as having been tragically flawed as a human being. Roudinesco’s errors range from the trivial, to the mildly compromising, to the inexcusable and disqualifying. With respect to Jung, Roudinesco is shown to rely on Deirdre Bair’s biography, which is itself unreliable, instead of on her own reading of the primary sources. Roudinesco’s true colors are displayed above all in her treatment of Freud’s sexuality, as when she asserts that he has been >accused< of masturbation, claims that an affair with his sister-in-law >doubtless never happened,< and alleges that Freud had a >horror of adultery.< The all-too-human Freud was very different from the lifeless icon worshiped by Roudinesco. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zepf, Siegfried A1 - Seel, Dietmar T1 - Do under-3s think of day-care centers as >home from homepathology of normalcy,< Fromm's critique of the cultural foundations of contemporary capitalism. In the second part, it is carried forward through the concepts of >social character< and new< capitalism, such as Axel Honneth, Richard Sennett and Boltanski & Chiapello. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019e Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019e ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Durkin, Kieran T1 - Erich Fromm and Theodor W. Adorno Reconsidered: A Case Study in Intellectual History JF - New German Critique 136, Vol. 46, No. 1, February 2019, pp. 103-126. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Habriielian, A. T1 - Erich Fromm's >Humanistic Radicalism<. Historical Occurrence and Political Activity JF - Science Review, Vol. 6, No 23. [ISSN 2544-9346] N2 - The purpose of this article was to study the creative heritage of Erich Fromm and the formation of >Humanistic Radicalism<. The study was aimed at defining the historical context for the theoretical formation of >Humanistic Radicalism< within the framework of Fromm's >Social Psychoanalysis< and the practical implementation of this concept in the political activities of this personality. Four periods of the introduction of the ideas of >Humanistic Radicalism< by E. Fromm through his political activities were identified. It was found out that the humanistic orientation requires the continuation both in research activities of a person and in everyday socio-cultural life in general, while maintaining dialogical relations with the world. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tropico, James Robert T1 - Erich Fromm, https://independent.academia.edu/JamesRobertTropico Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Erich Fromm: Bringing Psychoanalysis and Sociology Together JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 009-023. N2 - In my overview of the development of Fromm's theories, I show, first of all, how Fromm and his theory of relatedness and social character aimed to understand the individual and society in a different way from what was usual at that time. Secondly, I expound how relevant the often ignored social psychoanalytical approach is for current thinking in terms of relatedness, and how open his approach is to insights stemming from human biology. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019a Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019a ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Conci, Marco T1 - Ferenczi and Freud – From psychoanalysis as a >professional and personal home< to the creation of a >psychoanalytic home< for the patient1 JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 193-202. N2 - The author explores the relationship between Sándor Ferenczi and Sigmund Freud in the light of their correspondence. This allows us to see how Freud was able to offer and create for Ferenczi a >professional and personal home< that enabled the latter to find a much more meaningful and creative contact with himself. According to the author, this experience played an important role in Ferenczi’s later readiness to offer to and create with his patients a similar >psychoanalytic home.< As Freud was not able to share such clinical research work with Ferenczi, a conflict developed between them whose nature has occupied psychoanalysts ever since, and whose seeds can be found in the 1246 letters that they exchanged between January 1908 and May 1933. From this point of view, Ferenczi’s Clinical diary (written in 1932 and published only in 1985) can be seen as the continuation of the dialogue they had entertained for so many years, as well as Ferenczi’s attempt not to give up the “professional and personal home” that they had created together. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radkiewicz, Pjotr A1 - Skarżyńska, Krystyna T1 - Freedom, Freedom ... but What Kind of Freedom? Intrinsic and Extrinsic Sense of Freedom as Predictors of Preferences for Political Community and Attitudes Towards Democracy JF - Social Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 14, No. 3 (2019), pp. 1-27. [Online ISSN 2569-653X] [doi.org/10.32872/spb.v14i3.37565] N2 - In theoretical considerations on democracy freedom is sometimes understood in unconditional and conditional terms. This general distinction underlies I. Berlin's concept of negative and positive freedom, and E. Fromm's concept of >freedom from< and >freedom to<. The authors of this paper introduce the concept of extrinsic and intrinsic sense of freedom which is meant to be psychological representation of the philosophical distinction on unconditional and conditional freedom, respectively. An extrinsic freedom results from a lack of external restrictions/barriers, whereas intrinsic freedom is based on the belief that being free means compatibility between one's own actions and preferred values, life goals or worldview. Based on nationwide survey data, the authors show that both forms of freedom are embedded in entirely different basic human values and moral intuitions. Further, it is shown that intrinsic freedom negatively predicts liberal orientation and clearly favors communitarian orientation, whereas extrinsic freedom clearly favors liberal orientation. The authors argue that both forms of experiencing freedom have different effects on support for the principles of liberal democracy. The positive effect of extrinsic freedom is indirect, i.e., entirely mediated by liberal orientation. On the other hand, the effect of intrinsic freedom can be decomposed into three components: a) as a positive direct effect, b) as a positive indirect effect (by strengthening the communitarian orientation), and c) as a negative indirect effect (by weakening the liberal orientation). In conclusion, the consequences of intrinsic and extrinsic freedom are discussed in the light of their relationships with support for democratic principles. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Freud as Milton’s God: Mapping the Patriarchal Cosmos in Psychoanalysis and Paradise Lost JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 39-69. N2 - This chapter offers a proto-Frommian reading of Paradise Lost. The opening section reviews the debate between >theological< and >Romantic< critics of Milton’s poem—C. S. Lewis and Stanley Fish, on the one hand, and A. J. A. Waldock and William Empson, on the other. Although Waldock pointed to the structural contradictions in the epic, and Empson argued that God was >put on trial< in the narrative, the neo-Christians have gotten the upper hand because the neo-Romantics have been unable to provide an overarching framework to account for their observations. The middle section furnishes such a framework by synthesizing Kenneth Burke’s >logological< analysis of the Fall as inevitable from a narrative perspective with Bernard Paris’s insight that God is the supreme narcissist in the poem. The final section compares Milton’s God and Freud as patriarchs who impose a double bind on their followers and are motivated by a compulsive need for fame. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Freud, Ferenczi, Fromm: The Authoritarian Character as Magic Helper JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 104-114. N2 - This chapter employs Fromm’s concept of the >magic helper< to analyze the symbiotic nature of the Freud-Ferenczi relationship. Because both sadists and masochists, according to Fromm, are unable to tolerate genuine freedom, the sadist is dependent on the masochist, no less than the masochist is dependent on the sadist. As Clara Thompson, who was in analysis with both Ferenczi and Fromm, recognized, Ferenczi suffered from his need to be loved and accepted by Freud, and unconsciously resented him for that reason. Fromm’s contrast between the >original self< and the >pseudo self< parallels Winnicott’s antithesis between the True Self and the False Self, as well as Horney’s antinomy between the >real self< and >phony self.< Marcuse’s critique of Fromm is based on an adherence to Freud’s outmoded drive theory. Whereas Freud plays the role of what Daniel Shaw calls the >traumatizing narcissist< in his relationship with Ferenczi, Ferenczi, until his emancipation in his final years, exhibits the deformations resulting from what Bernard Brandchaft calls >pathological accommodation.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falzeder, Ernst A1 - Erhart, Eva T1 - Freud–Ferenczi correspondence, revisited JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 189-192. N2 - The article gives an overview of what Freud and Ferenczi had to say in their correspondence about their own relationship, and how they dealt with problems that arose between them. It includes a list of short selected quotes from the correspondence. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Celenza, Andrea T1 - From relation to the field: Modes of unconscious fantasy elaborations JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 203-211. N2 - Relational and field theories have much in common, despite divergent foundations. In this paper, several areas of divergence are selected, including the structure of the field as a relational matrix or as an unconscious joint fantasy of the couple; the fate and form of insight; and the nature of the unconscious as relational or ubiquitous. Differences in cognitive and attentional sets are identified and linked to different modes of insight. Using a clinical vignette, these divergences will be illustrated with an attempt to compare and contrast the two approaches through a discussion of how each lens highlights, expands, or forecloses different features of the analytic process. A mode of conceiving the unconscious as unstructured and multiple in potential is offered to reconcile divergent assumptions in therapeutic action. A consideration of Sandor Ferenczi’s clinical emphasis on relaxed technique, elasticity, and especially mutuality suggests that he would have been a field theorist were he among us today. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamont, Michèle T1 - From ‘having’ to ‘being’: self-worth and the current crisis of American society JF - The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 70 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 660-707. N2 - With growing inequality, the American dream is becoming less effective as a collective myth. With its focus on material success, competition and self-reliance, the intensified diffusion of neoliberal scripts of the self is leading the uppermiddle class toward a mental health crisis while the working class and lowincome groups do not have the resources needed to live the dream. African Americans, Latinos and undocumented immigrants, who are presumed to lack self-reliance, face more rigid boundaries. One possible way forward is broadening cultural membership by promoting new narratives of hope centered on a plurality of criteria of worth, ‘ordinary universalism’ and destigmatizing stigmatized groups. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - De Maria, Fabio T1 - Fromm and Horkheimer. On the fundamentals of critical theory’s anthropology JF - Bajo Palabra, II Epoca, Brasil, No. 21, pp. 59-80. N2 - Erich Fromm was central to the Frankfurt Institute of Social Research under the direction of Max Horkheimer, but the works of each author, while handling at times similar issues, took different paths. The article’s aim is to analyze how Horkheimer’s anthropology, which would be of importance in Dialectic of Enlightenment, was built as the author embodied in his essays elements of Fromm’s social psychology, albeit overcoming some of its limitations, as well as suggesting new potentials of critique. N2 - Erich Fromm fue fundamental para el Instituto de Investigación Social de Frankfurt dirigido por Max Horkheimer, pero las obras de cada autor, mientras que a veces se enfrentaban a problemas similares, siguieron caminos diferentes. El objetivo del artículo es analizar cómo la antropología de Horkheimer, importante en la Dialéctica de la Ilustración, se construyó cuando el autor incorporaba elementos de la psicología social de Fromm, aunque superaba sus limitaciones y sugería nuevos potenciales de crítica. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ehnis, Patrick A1 - Voigt, Katrin T1 - Fromm's Contribution to the Analysis and Critique of the Ongoing Rise of Right-Wing Movements JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 138-152. N2 - One of the most important political changes in Europe, the USA and beyond is the growth of nationalistic parties and authoritarian structures within states. This contribution aims to demonstrate how a Frommian perspective on basic psychological needs, asynchronicity and alienation could contribute to a social-psychological understanding of nationalistic trends. At the end of the paper, we present some conclusions drawn from this social-psychological point of view concerning the development of a sane society. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019k Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019k ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šumiga, Dražen T1 - Fromm's psychoanalytic theory and his understanding of the psychotherapeutic practice: existential, relational and social dimension of the psychotherapeutic work. Typescript 2019, 34 pp. N2 - In this article we will explore three important themes: (1) Fromm's anti-objectivistic perspective which stands for the idea that the other Being should not become an object in analysis; (2) the central idea of the relatedness and the relational dimension in the psychotherapeutic practice; (3) in the last part we will analyze the existential-ontological level which is manifested in analysis. We will focus our attention on the different ways in which Fromm as a psychoanalytic thinker, social critic and humanist can help the therapists to include the existential and social dimension in the psychotherapeutic work. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cawood, Helen-Mary T1 - Fromm’s ethic of solidarity and the potential for critical communitarianism JF - South African Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 38, No. 2 (2019), pp. 166-179. [Online ISSN 2073-4867] [doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2019.1625187] N2 - It can be (and has been) claimed that one of the central thematic concerns in Erich Fromm’s immense body of critical work is the exposition of a new >radical< humanist ethic, based upon the normative foundations of human solidarity/relatedness and love. The role of community in this ethic is vital, as Fromm argues for the existence of an intrinsically human need for belonging and communion. According to Fromm, the breakdown of traditional societies in modernity and the adoption of strong anti-traditionalist paradigms in both liberalism and Marxism has paradoxically led to the desire in the contemporary individual to >escape< this freedom, too often resulting in an uncritical adoption of what Eric Hobsbawm calls >invented traditions< in order to rediscover a shared sense of humankind. This article therefore contends that 1) Fromm advocates a form of >critical communitarianism<; and 2) that critical communitarianism can provide a strong foundation for an ethical confrontation with neoliberal modernity, and thereby a reconsidered form of community through human solidarity. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šumiga, Dražen T1 - Fromm’s understanding of the Buddhist philosophical theory and psychoanalysis: From the phenomenal ego to the authentic being JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 050-061. N2 - Erich Fromm was one of the first psychoanalytic thinkers who was genuinely interested in Asian philosophies. In the first part of this article, I will show Fromm’s imago of Buddhism as a radical, nontheistic, and ethical philosophy >without God.< I will argue that Fromm made an important difference between the phenomenal ego and being that proves crucial for his understanding of psychoanalysis and his critique of modern society. I will also explore Fromm’s synthesis of Buddhist philosophy and psychoanalysis, and show the similarities and differences between them. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lerner, Paul T1 - GermanJews betweenFreud,Marx, andHalakha: Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, Erich Fromm, and the Psychoanalysis of Jewish Ritual in 1920s Heidelberg JF - Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, Vol. 64, pp. 219-238. N2 - This essay explores the psychoanalytic sanitarium (Therapeutikum) directed by Frieda Fromm-Reichmann and Erich Fromm in Heidelberg from 1924 to 1928. The Therapeutikum aimed to combine adherence to Jewish ritual with psychoanalytic practice and radical politics for a group of GermanJews who were rethinking their Orthodox backgrounds in light of new intellectual and political currents and modern sensibilities. Visitors to the sanitarium included many leading German-Jewish thinkers, and Heidelberg’s proximity to Frankfurt placed the Therapeutikum in the orbit of the Institute for Social Research and near a major hub in the renaissance of Jewish learning then occurring. At the centre of the article is a discussion of essays by Fromm-Reichmann and Fromm that subjected Jewish ritual (kashrut and shabbat) to psychoanalytic investigation. Appearing in Imago in 1927, the articles marked the two writers’ public break with Orthodox Judaism. This essay argues that the Imago articles marked a crucial moment in the political, intellectual, and religious history of German Jewry. Even if the Fromms’ synthesis of Freudianism, radical politics, andJudaism was conceptually shaky, their sanitarium illustrates the centrality of psychoanalysisças a sensibility, a hermeneutic and above all away of creating social and communal bondsçto a generation of GermanJews navigating the challenges of German and Jewish modernity. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Groddeck’s Lessons JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 152-163. N2 - This chapter examines both >Groddeck’s teaching,< in the sense of the enduing value of his contributions to psychoanalysis, as well as >Groddeck’s lessons,< that is, what we can learn from his blind spots. The question of who is a psychoanalyst stands at the center of Groddeck’s relationship to Freud, and in accepting Groddeck’s assertion that transference and resistance are the >hubs of treatment,< Freud offers his most expansive definition of a psychoanalyst. Groddeck’s genius is most fully displayed in The Book of the It, the epistolary form of which casts him at once in the roles of analyst and patient. From Groddeck’s biography, it is clear that he was an extremely traumatized individual, as is further attested by his analysis in Letter 25 of his penchant for the number 26,783. But Groddeck does not recognize that he has been traumatized, and his one-sided theory that the It is >responsible for everything< reflects his inability to give due weight to environmental factors. Despite his astonishing candor, Groddeck never discusses his divorce from his first wife or the tragic story of his daughter Barbara, wounds that must have too painful for him to expose to the gaze of the reading public. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Papiasvili, Eva D. T1 - Hate (its vicissitudes and its relations) revisited: Part I – Individual JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 071-082. N2 - The present paper is an expansion of the author’s discussion of Harold Blum’s seminal presentation >Hate and its vicissitudes< in Prague in 2017. It aims at an elaboration of various aspects of hate and hatred as a complex dynamic intrapsychic and relational affective-cognitive state, alloyed, in different ways, with aggression and love. In this context, various theoretical perspectives concerning the multifaceted relation between hate, love, and sexuality, and hate and destructive aggression, and transformations between them, including the first study of neurobiological correlates of hate, will be raised and explored. Implication on destruction as well as psychic structuring, adaptation and creativity are also considered. The clinical vignettes illustrates the relevance of multiple theoretical conceptualizations in contemporary psychoanalytic practice. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Papiasvili, Eva D. T1 - Hate (its vicissitudes and its relations) revisited: Part II - Groups and culture JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 083-094. N2 - Part I of this paper discussed various dynamic aspects of hate in the individual developmental and clinical context. Part II, also an expansion of the author’s discussion of Harold Blum’s presentation on >Hate and its vicissitudes< in Prague in 2017, examines the theme of hate as a multidimensional dynamic group phenomenon. The paper uses various theoretical perspectives to focus on group unconscious processes and the group-specific dynamic of regression leading to an activation of primitive ego operations, unleashing destructive aggression as well as creative mobilization. Also considered are the implications in terms of destruction, adaptation, and creativity, in relation to group unconscious dynamic processes and intergenerationally trasmitted trauma and posttraumatic developments. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huppke, Andrea T1 - IFPS 1960–1985: A new home for international and German psychoanalysis? JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 236-244. N2 - The International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS) was established in 1962. The first 20 years of the Federation were a time when psychoanalysis was divided into so-called liberal and orthodox factions. The (then orthodox) International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA) did not admit all psychoanalytic societies, and some societies did not want to join it. In the IFPS, non-IPA-psychoanalysts from Europe, the USA, and South and Middle America came together to discuss their new approaches to psychoanalysis and to find ways to better cope with their patients’ problems. At the beginning an informal organization of autonomous societies, the IFPS persisted for 12 years without a charter. The first three secretary generals came from the German Psychoanalytical Society and greatly influenced the first few years of the IFPS. The IFPS held several international conferences, and new psychoanalytic societies became members. In 1977, after the VIth Forum in Berlin, the IFPS fell into an identity crisis. The conflicts centered on the assumption of responsibility, the authority of the members, and how to understand the aim and sense of the organization. This article deals with the theoretical background of the early IFPS and the development of its self-concept. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Migliorino, Francesco T1 - In search of the Human: The trauma of modernity and the >instrumental reason< of the persecutors JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 4, 2019), pp. 231-235. N2 - This article takes the clinical notion of trauma as a historiographic criterion for understanding modernity and its mythologies. If the rewriting of the term trauma – at the intersection of psychoanalysis and neurobiology, cultural anthropology and philosophy of the mind – is the hallmark of contemporaneity, it is quite acceptable to see the Shoah as a radical historical and epistemological watershed. Never before had such a highly productive bureaucratic-industrial system been designed and implemented for the devastation of the very idea of humanity. Auschwitz was, in the most radical ways, the liminal space between Human and Inhuman. It lay right at the cutting edge of the abyss that the executioner shares with his victim – the annihilation of humanity. This essay crosses a question that has always characterized the social construction of subjectivity: the perimeter of the Human, and the interrelationships between identity, alterity, and recognition. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer A1 - Kühn, Thomas T1 - Introduction JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 005-008.. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019w Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019w ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Conci, Marco A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris T1 - Introduction - Violence, terror and terrorism today: Psychoanalytic perspectives – Part III JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 001-002. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Introduction >One Man Cannot Be the Same as Many<: Glimpsing New Paradigms through Old Keyholes JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 1-35. N2 - The introduction sets the stage for the ensuing chapters by meditating on the key phrases in the title, which are indebted to and inspired by the work of Donnel Stern as well as Philip Bromberg. Fromm is praised for his espousal of a humanistic psychoanalysis as well as his critique of authoritarianism, and his concept of >literary psychoanalysis< is introduced. Freud’s interpretation of Oedipus Rex is shown to be important as much for its >unformulated< assumption of a >hidden reality< theory of the mind as for his extrapolation of the idea of the Oedipus complex. The humanism of Fromm is contrasted with Sullivan’s claim that personal individuality is an >illusion<; Stern and Bromberg are critiqued for decoupling trauma from dissociation and for positing that these are normal conditions of the mind. It is argued that a forensic stance is warranted in hermeneutic endeavors and that it is possible to reconcile objectivist and constructivist epistemologies. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gordon, Michael A. T1 - Introduction: Practice as Transformative Wholeness JF - Aikido as Transformative and Embodied Pedagogy. Teacher as Healer, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2019, pp. 3-56. [eBook ISBN 978-3-030-23953-4] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23953-4] N2 - In this chapter, the author introduces his autobiographical near-death experience of a motorcycle accident as the basis for examining his life and the self-study that forms this book, within a gestalt or whole. Touching on the figure-ground-contact approach of Gestalt Therapy, the author puts this self-study within the context of a lifetime of involvement in the Japanese art of Ki Aikido. In Aikido, one learns to coordinate their mind, body, and life energy (Japanese: ki) to better attune and move in synchronization with the world around them. The ethos of Aikido reflects the broader virtue ethics of traditional Japanese arts – >do<, >michi<, or >way< – and how this approach to education aims for spiritual self-cultivation in daily life, rather than mere acquisition of technical or intellectual knowledge. Through Aikido, Japanese calligraphy or shodo (which the author took up as a comparative/adjunct >way< for his study), and beyond into increased skillful awareness in motorcycling and educational praxis, this chapter draws on Yasuo Yuasa’s theory of ki as ‘teleological intentionality.’ By taking a ‘path’ approach to learning through this >ki awareness< one thus develops and enhances their embodied presence into what Yuasa calls >transpersonal synchronization.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pagan, Nicholas Osborne T1 - Jung Chan's >Wild Swans<: Love as a Political Concept [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Sare – Southeast Asian Review of English, Vol. 56, No. 2 (2019), pp. 102-115. N2 - This article explores the different forms of love which appear in a work which is part family memoir, part autobiography, and part literary fiction: Jung Chang’s >Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China< (1991). This exploration is underpinned by theories of love articulated first by Karl Marx and Alexandra Kollontai and later by Erich Fromm and Michael Hardt. In different ways these thinkers all point to the idea that love is not merely a private matter between two individuals but rather a social and political phenomenon. Fromm’s insistence that love changes according to historical and cultural circumstances is shown to be relevant throughout as Chang portrays love adapting to the vast political changes taking place in China from approximately 1924 (when her grandmother became a concubine) until 1976 (the death of Mao). Corresponding to a large extent to the life histories of the >three daughters of China< ─ Chang’s grandmother, Chang’s mother, and Chang herself ─ the article traces a distinctive movement through property love and family love to >winged Eros<-based love, >red love< and finally love as a decision. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kühn, Thomas T1 - Leadership in a Digitally Transforming Social World Based on Fromm's Humanistic Approach JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 095-107. N2 - In the social sciences, there are different point of views on how social change has an impact on good leadership in contemporary societies. As a contribution to this debate, this article builds on basic ideas of the humanistic approach of Erich Fromm and highlights the associated possibilities for an adequate understanding of contemporary leadership demands. Key narratives and open questions related to challenges for leadership in contemporary societies facing digital transformation are evaluated from a Frommian perspective. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019h Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019h ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuchs, Christian T1 - M. N. Roy and the Frankfurt School: Socialist Humanism and the Critical Analysis of Communication, Culture, Technology, Fascism and Nationalism JF - TripleC, Vol. 17, No. 2 (2019), pp. 249-286. [ISSN 1726-670X] [doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v17i2.1118] N2 - Manabendra Nath Roy (1887-1954) was the founder of the Communist Parties of Mexico and India and a socialist-humanist philosopher. In the Western world, his works are today widely ignored and forgotten. This article introduces some philosophical aspects of Roy’s thought. It engages with foundations of his theory and shows its relevance for the study of communication, culture, technology, the human being, fascism, and nationalism. Frankfurt School thinkers such as Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, and Erich Fromm were interested in similar topics to Roy. This article also compares the approach of Roy and the Frankfurt School. It shows parallels between Roy and the first generation of the Frankfurt School with respect to themes such as the dialectic of technology and society, the dialectic of the Enlightenment, fascism, nationalism, and authoritarianism. In the age of new nationalisms and authoritarian capitalism, global environmental crises, capitalist crisis, and the digital crisis, socialist-humanist theories such as M. N. Roy’s can inspire struggles for a humanist and socialist society as antidotes to the acceleration and deepening of the three crises. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vaslamatzis, Grigoris T1 - Memories, or attempts to dream undreamt traumas? >Souvenirs dormants< (Sleeping memories) by Patrick Modiano, under the gaze of Thomas Ogden JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 022-026. N2 - In >Sleeping memories< (2017), French writer Patrick Modiano confronts the past and his memories in a different way compared with his previous novels, as he keeps trying to revisit and reprocess them. In this book he adds a new method, the dreaming revision of memories, especially traumatic ones, turning to the work of Marquis d’Hervey de Saint-Denys, >Les rêves et les moyens de les diriger: Observations pratiques.< I would suggest that in this way he dreams undreamt traumas, thereby transforming them. In doing so, Modiano meets Thomas Ogden’s art of psychoanalysis. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Mental collapse as “disorganized attachment”: A dynamic understanding for clinicians JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 173-179. N2 - Unresolved loss and unresolved trauma in adult mothers, and the commonly disorganized attachment pattern developed by their infants, have been repeatedly reported in longitudinal research literature as a crucial correlate or precedent of severe pathology. We describe and illustrate how unresolved loss and unresolved trauma are manifested in verbatim-transcribed language and how they are to be detected, so that psychoanalysts and clinicians in general are able to distinguish them and understand how such >states of mind< evidence the process of fragmentation they involve. We follow each example with a resolved transcript so it can be contrasted with a nonresolved case. We then describe excerpts of a taped >disorganized infant< – an example of infants who are usually babies of unresolved mothers, as shown during the Adult Attachment Interview. The analyst’s ability to identify and understand these >states of mind< and the subsequent sensitive reflection on the transcendental role of primary traumatic relations, which are involved in fear and the destructive dynamics of mental fragmentation – as seen in empirical research on attachment – can facilitate a resourceful integrative analytic scrutiny of the processes gone through by patients, and encourage the discovery of alternatives for working through the disturbing experience. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wijaya, Nadia Anggie T1 - Mother’s Expressions of Love and the Existing Consequences in >Malaikat Juga Tahu< and >Tidur< [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Kata Kita / Journal of Language, Literature, and Teaching, Vol. 7, No. 3, December 2019, pp. 373-381. [Online ISSN 2598-7801] [doi.org/10.9744/katakita.7.3.373-381] N2 - Short story is a type of popular literature in Indonesia. In short stories, love is one of the most well-known topics for the Indonesian audience. Amongst various types of love, a mother’s love is talked about the most. Thus, I decide to analyze how mothers express their love for their children in a compilation book titled >Rectoverso<. Also, I discover the consequences that the mothers experience due to their choices regarding love. By using the theory of love and the concept of motherly love from the book >The Art of Loving< by Erich Fromm, I find that the mothers have to face several choices that can give impacts toward their children and themselves. Every decision they make is caused by their love toward their children. Furthermore, the mothers prioritize their children instead of themselves. The impacts they experience may be positive or negative, depending on the situation. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cimino, Silvia A1 - et al., T1 - Musical rhythms in an infant observation: Harmonies, pauses, dissonances, and interruptions JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 155-164. N2 - The infant observation presented in this paper was conducted weekly for two years. Through an extensive use of clinical vignettes and personal and theoretical considerations, this article aims to highlight that both harmonies and pauses, as well as interruptions and dissonances, can be present in early interactive exchanges, forming the fabric of a relational piece of music that is not always as harmonious as might be desirable. The role of the father in moderating problematic interactions between the mother and her child is also examined. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chadaeva, Irina A1 - et al., T1 - Natural Selection Equally Supports the Human Tendencies in Subordination and Domination: A Genome-Wide Study With in silico Confirmation and in vivo Validation in Mice JF - Frontiers in Genetics, Vol. 10, No. 73 (2019), pp. 1-16. [Online ISSN 1664-8021] [doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00073] N2 - [...] On this basis, we determined that 231 human genes under study are subject to natural selection against under expression (significance p < 0.0005), which equally supports the human tendencies in domination and subordination such as the norm of a reaction (plasticity) of the human social hierarchy. These findings explain vertical transmission of domination and subordination traits previously observed in rodent models. Thus, the results of this study equally support both sides of the century-old unsettled scientific debate on whether both aggressiveness and the social hierarchy among humans are inherited (as suggested by Freud and Lorenz) or are due to non-genetic social education, when the children are influenced by older individuals across generations (as proposed by Berkowitz and Fromm). Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedson, Meredith Lynn T1 - Necrophilic Tendencies in Schizophrenia Treatment: Destroying Our Humanity One Behavioral Plan at a Time JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 250-260. N2 - Fromm’s necrophilous character is evident in state and governmentally run psychiatric hospitals in the United States. Rigid over-reliance on behavioral interventions can be seen as defensive posturing against the terror of uncertainty when confronted with psychosis. Clinical vignettes with institutionalized schizophrenic adults are presented. A plea is made for clinicians to work from a position of respect and love to fight the dehumanization that can result when a psychoanalytic mindset is abandoned. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019v Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019v ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anjum, Naushaba T1 - Notion of Alienation, An Existentialist Approach JF - International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 3, (2019), pp. 10-13. [Online ISSN 2394-3661] [ijeas.org/download_data/IJEAS0603006.pdf] N2 - The problem of alienation has been a persistent issue of man since the beginning of civilization and it has been discussed in the history of philosophy since beginning. But as a serious issue the problem of alienation come in to existence after the development of industrialization and technology in a mass scale. Some twentieth century thinkers, philosophers, psychologist, sociologist, and religious scholars prescribed the way to come out from alienation. But in contemporary philosophy the existentialists took the issue of alienation most seriously. They gave their own approach on this issue and propagate a humanistic point of view as a way to come out from alienation. They try to make the philosophy free from the clutches of objectivity and bring the man in center again. Other contemporary western philosophers also influenced by existential movement. For them also the problem of alienation is a serious issue especially the famous philosopher and psychologist Erich Fromm. Fromm observes that in twentieth century man finds himself in a highly mechanical culture dominated by technology. Because of over use and emphasis on technology man becomes alienated from his own personal being. Both existentialists and Erick Fromm believes that man’s subjectivity is lost in the highly technical and mechanical contemporary world. The main issue for these thinkers is not only to understand the concept of alienation but to find out the ways to eliminate the alienation. Through which a human can understand his true being and meaning of life. This is a descriptive paper. The objective of the paper is to explore the issue of alienation in contemporary world and to suggest the ways to come out from the alienation with special reference to Existentialism and Erick Fromm. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Röhe, Daniel A1 - et al., T1 - Oedipus goes to the opera: Psychoanalytic inquiry in Enescu’s >Œdipe< and Stravinsky’s >Oedipus Rex< JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 027-038. N2 - Psychoanalytic inquiry into operas based on the life of Oedipus may provide further knowledge on the Oedipus complex. Therefore, we chose to analyze Enescu’s >Œdipe< and Stravinsky’s >Oedipus Rex<. Two distinct methodologies were used in our study. The first explored the concept of free association through musical themes in the operas. The second involved the comparative study of the Oedipus myth in order to provide a deeper understanding of Oedipus’s character. We observed that Oedipus displayed symptoms of his complex through the traits of aggressiveness and arrogance. Moreover, we noticed that Oedipus was compelled by the necessity of finding out who his real parents were and by unconsciously accomplishing the prophecy. Oedipus assumed the responsibility to free the Thebans from plague. Yet, it was too late, for the feared part of the prophecy was already accomplished. He provided a wrong answer to the Sphinx and then received the most severe punishment, one that would have ostracism as its outcome. It was, however, not too late for Oedipus to finally discover who his real parents were. Nevertheless, afraid of losing his place as King of Thebes, he investigated the plague’s causes. This resulted in his aggression as he resisted discovering >where babies come from.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Othello and Macbeth: Complementary Borderline Pathologies at the Basic Fault JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 167-186. N2 - This chapter employs Caroline Polmear’s contemporary reinterpretation of Michael Balint’s concept of the basic fault as a lens through which to read Othello and Macbeth. In Polmear’s view, borderline pathology arises due to a traumatic rupture in the primal bond between mother and child, and it can take the form of either ocnophilia (clinging to people) or philobatism (clinging to spaces). It is proposed that Othello and Macbeth are representations of these complementary character-types. Othello cannot tolerate any separation from Desdemona, while Macbeth retreats into schizoid isolation. The handkerchief, the loss of which is tantamount to the loss of Desdemona’s love, was received by Othello from his mother at the time of her death, while in Macbeth the rupture of the mother-child bond is figured both in Macduff’s having been >untimely ripped< from his mother’s womb and by Lady Macbeth’s description of killing the baby that was nursing at her breast. Two clinical examples—one of an actual patient, the other of Philip Roth—are offered to illustrate the reciprocal interplay of literature and psychoanalysis. It is argued that the traditional notion of >applied psychoanalysis< should be replaced by what might be called, following Shoshana Felman, >implied psychoanalysis,< or what Fromm has called >literary psychoanalysis.< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Movahedi, Siamak A1 - Moshtagh, Nahaleh T1 - Persian tales on the couch: Notes on folktales as the mirror of the contemporary cultural struggles with gender and sexuality JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 115-124. N2 - This paper presents a report on our psychoanalytic investigation of cultural folktales, myths, and fables, in which we study, primarily, the extent to which such narratives lurk behind contemporary representations of men and women. Our aim is to identify the multiple narrative structures that form the core plots and storylines of these tales. Following Roland Barthes’ work on mythologies, we want to decode the tales’ ideological components by deciphering the axiomatic assumptions these tales make about the nature of perceived social reality. This represents an attempt to study a mind that is derived from the text. More specifically, we study narratives whose storylines revolve around the struggle between men and women in order to identify the culture’s core concerns about and preoccupations with the relationship between the sexes. We believe that cultural myths or folktales are a royal road to a nation’s collective conscience, and include gendered patterns of defenses, obsessions, fears, and paranoia. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deguchi, Takeshi T1 - Post-Truth Politics as a Pathology of Normalcy: Beyond Alienation and Narcissism in the Age of Globalization JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 161-168. N2 - The aim of this paper is to examine post-truth politics using Erich Fromm’s theory of narcissism and showing a route towards a sane society in Fromm’s sense. Post-truth situations are generated by negative synergistic effects between narcissistic psychological tendencies and social media. Both of them have so-called filter bubble effects which segregate people from inner and outer reality. The process of integrating an unknown experience or reality into the self produces a new experience. That is a definition of Fromm’s love and the way to overcome narcissism. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019m Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019m ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Minchev, Plamen T1 - Problems of Cross-Cultural Social Character Research JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 223-229. N2 - The paper presents a study of the social character of 16 people with an adapted version of the social character questionnaires developed by Erich Fromm and Michael Maccoby (Fromm & Maccoby 1970b) and Rainer Funk and colleagues (Fromm-Gesellschaft 1995). The difficulties during the analysis of the responses are described and the main cultural differences that are responsible for these difficulties are analyzed. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019s Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019s ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frie, Roger T1 - Psychoanalysis, Persecution and the Holocaust: Erich Fromm's Life and Work During the 1930s JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 070-079. N2 - Erich Fromm’s life during the 1930s, his confrontation with Nazism and his family’s experience of the Holocaust is explored. The impact of this period on his writing, especially Escape from Freedom is considered. The current political situation, in which anti-Semitism has increased and minorities are persecuted makes the examination of Fromm’s experience of persecution and exile especially relevant. The author uses his own German family history and his discovery of his grandfather’s Nazi past to examine the importance of Fromm’s analysis of authoritarian tendencies in Germany in the early 1930s. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019f Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019f ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, W. G. A1 - Unterrainer, Christina A1 - Hoege, Thomas T1 - Psychological Research on Organisational Democracy: A Meta-Analysis of Individual, Organisational, and Societal Outcomes JF - Applied Psychology: An International Review, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2019, pp. 1-63. doi: 10.1111/apps.12205 N2 - Our meta-analytic review investigates how employee participation in democratic enterprises is related to psychological outcomes. We gathered 60 studies through a systematic literature search of quantitative field studies (published between January 1970 and May 2017) and extracted 138 effect sizes related to three indicators of organisational democracy (OD) and 15 psychological outcomes. The overall findings suggest that employees’ individually perceived participation in organisational decision making (IPD) had a stronger relation to job satisfaction (ρ = .25), job involvement/work motivation (ρ = .36), prosocial work behaviours (ρ = .24), civic and democratic behaviours (ρ = .21) and perceived supportive climate (ρ = .44) than the other two OD indicators: structurally anchored employee participation (SAEP) and employee participation in collective ownership (EO). This was not the case for valuebased commitment: the relations of SAEP (ρ = .40), EO (ρ = .34), and IPD (ρ = .46) with commitment were nearly equal. Mediation analyses indicated that IPD partially mediated most of the effects of SAEP and EO on the outcomes mentioned. The cross-sectional database and a small number of studies for some of the outcomes are the main limitations of this study. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shamne, Anzhelika T1 - Psychosocial Personality Development: Continuity and Change in Adolescent, Youth and Adult Age [ПСИХОСОЦІАЛЬНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ОСО-БИСТОСТІ: БЕЗПЕРЕРВНІСТЬ І ЗМІНИ В ПІДЛІТКОВОМУ, ЮНАЦЬКОМУ І ДОРО-СЛОМУВІЦІ] [ПСИХОСОЦИАЛЬНОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ЛИЧНОСТИ: НЕПРЕРЫВНОСТЬ И ИЗ-МЕНЕНИЯ В ПОДРОСТКОВОМ, ЮНО-ШЕСКОМ И ВЗРОСЛОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ] JF - Psychological Journal, Vol. 5, No. 5 (2019), pp. 84-98. [Online ISSN 2414-004X] [doi.org/10.31108/1.2019.5.5.7] N2 - The article presents the results of the comparison of the variability of the psychosocial development of the personality in the adolescent, youth and adult age. At the first stage of the empirical study, the types of development in adolescence and youth age. Personality (motivation, value orientations, focus, communicative features), subject (autonomy, self-regulation, locus of control), as well as social and behavioural (distinctive features of social functioning) characteristics were used as typing criteria. The types of the psychosocial development of adolescents and youths are interpreted as constructive, non-constructive and destructive models of coming of age. At the second stage of the study the theoretical generalization of the types of personality existing in psychology and strategies of personality functioning during the period of adult age. The analysis is based on the theories of A. Adler, K. Horney, D. Marsh, E. Desci and R. Rayen, E. Fromm et al. The types of the psychosocial development of adolescents and youths was compared with variants (types, patterns) of the development in adulthood. The dynamics and continuity of the types of the psychosocial development and strategies for functioning adolescents, youths and adults were determined. It was revealed that the main features of continuity can be found along the lines of constructive or non-constructive development, focus on oneself or other people, self-sufficiency or dependence on the milieu and circumstances. The process of typing of the psychosocial development is the result of the integration of traits of the personality and the way it functions (behaves), which is inherent to it. The factors of that process were identified: regulation by the personality of his/her behavior and activities and his/her position in the system of relationships. The type of the psychosocial development is a complex structural and functional unity. The crystallization of that type from the adolescent age to adulthood is a targeted and logical process associated with the emergence of the self-concept, the ability to self-determination and self-regulation mechanisms in the adolescent age. The article emphasizes the importance of prevention and correction of the preconditions of non-constructive development models. N2 - Анотація. У статті представлено порівняння варі-ативностіпсихосоціального розвитку особи-стості в періоди підліткового віку, юнацького віку і дорослості. На першому етапі емпірич-ного дослідження виділено типи розвитку у підлітковому віці (автономно-самодостатній, інтернально-домінантний, доброзичливо-залежний, фрустровано-кризовий) та у юнаць-кому віці (гармонійний, суб’єктно-домінантний, залежно-адаптивний, дезінтег рований). В якості критеріїв типізації розвит-ку використовувалися особистісні, суб'єктні і соціально-поведінкові паттерни функціону-вання. Здійснено порівняння змісту автономно-самодостатнього та гармонійного, інтерналь-но-домінантного та суб’єктно-домінантниого, доброзичливо-залежного та залежно-адаптивного, фрустровано-кризового та дезін-тегрованого типів розвитку. Їх інтерпретовано як конструктивну, неконструктивну і деструк-тивну моделі дорослішання. В якості основно-го критерія було використано ефективність розв’язання підлітками та юнаками основних задач дорослішання. Виділено дві групи де-термінант оформлення типу розвитку особи-стостів період дорослішання: регуляція по-ведінки та діяльності (інтернальний/екстернальний локус контролю; орієнтація на внутрішні чи на зовнішні критерії тощо) і по-зиція у системі стосунків (доброзичливість/агресивність, егоїстична/гуманістична орієнтація тощо). На другому етапі здійснено теоретичне узагальнення описаних у психології типів осо-бистості і стратегій функціонування особис-тості у період дорослості. Аналіз здійснено на основі теорій А. Адлера, К. Хорні, Д. Марша, Е. Десі і Р. Райєна, Е. Фромма та ін. Здійснено співставлення типів (паттернів) психосоціаль-ного розвитку у період підліткового та юнаць-кого віку з описаними типологіями розвитку у дорослості. Аналіз показав, що між ними існує пев на змістовна подібність і наступність. Основні напрями наступності від підліткового віку до дорослості проходятьза наступними напряма-ми: становлення конструктивного(гармонійноготипу) або неконструктивного(дисгармонійноготипу) типу розвитку, спря-мованість на себе чи на інших людей, опора на себе чи залежність від оточення і обставин. Виходячи з отриманих даних, підкреслюється, що підлітковий і юнацький вік є сензитивни-мидо процесу оформлення індивідуального паттерну функціонування і стратегії подаль-шого розвитку у період дорослості. Посту-люється принципова незавершеність процесу становлення особистості у підлітковому та юнацькому віці, пластичність, сенситивність, відкритість для різних можливостей і впливів. N2 - В статье представлено сравнение вари-ативностипсихосоциальногоразвитиялично-сти в периоды подросткового возраста, юно-шеского возраста и взрослости. На первом этапе эмпирического исследования выделены типы развития в подростковом возрасте (автономно-самодостаточный, интернально-доминантный, доброжелательно-зависимый, фрустрированные-кризисный) и в юношеском возрасте (гармоничный, субъектно-доминантный, зависимо-адаптивный, дезинте-грированный). В качестве критериев типиза-ции развития использовались личностные, субъектные и социально-поведенческие пат-терны функционирования. Проведено сравне-ние содержания автономно-самодостаточного и гармоничного, интернально-доминантного и субъектно-доминантниого, доброжелательно-зависимого и зависимо-адаптивного, фрустри-рованно-кризисного и дезинтегрированного типов развития. Их интерпретировано как конструктивную, неконструктивную и де-структивную модели взросления современной молодежи. В качестве основного критерия бы-ли использованы эффективность решения подростками и юношами основных задач взросления. Выделены две группы детерми-нант оформления типа развития личности в период взросления: регуляция поведения и деятельности (интернальный / экстернальный локус контроля, ориентация на внутренние или на внешние критерии и т.д.) и позиция в системе отношений (доброжелательность / агрессивность, эгоистичная / гуманистическая ориентация и т.д.).На втором этапе осуществлено теоре-тическое обобщение описанных в психологии типов личности и стратегий функционирова-ния личности в период взрослости. Анализ осуществлен на основе теорий А. Адлера, К. Хорни, Д. Марша, Е. Деси и Р. Райена, Э. Фромма и др. Осуществлено сопоставление типов (паттернов) психосоциального развития в период подросткового и юношеского воз-раста с описанными типологиями развития во взрослости. Анализ показал, что между ними существует определенное содержательное сходство и преемственность. Основные направления преемственности от подростко-вого возраста к взрослости проходят по сле-дующим направлениям: становление кон-структивного (гармоничного типа) или некон-структивного (дисгармоничного типа) разви-тия, направленность на себя или на других людей, опора на себя или зависимость от окружения и обстоятельств. Исходя из полу-ченных данных, подчеркивается, что подрост-ковый и юношеский возраст является сензи-тивными к процессу оформления индивиду-ального паттерна функционирования и стра-тегии дальнейшего развития в период взрос-лости. Постулируется принципиальная неза-вершенность процесса становления личности в подростковом и юношеском возрасте, его пластичность, сензитивность, открытость для различных возможностей и влияний. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Harris, N. T1 - Reconstructing Erich Fromm’s ‘pathology of normalcy’: Transcending the recognition-cognitive paradigm in the diagnosis of social pathologies JF - Social Science Information, Vol. 58, pp. 714-733. N2 - Erich Fromm’s analysis of >pathological normalcy< offers promising social-theoretical resources to help transcend the contemporary, >domesticated<, diagnosis of social pathologies. This article commences by briefly tracing the numerous limitations of the current orthodoxy, epitomised by the recognition-cognitive >pathologies of recognition< approach. A sympathetic reconstruction of Erich Fromm’s diagnosis of pathological normalcy is then presented as a promising palliative. The strengths of Fromm’s social-theoretical framework are then outlined: Fromm’s scholarship presents a structure through which objectively inadequate and contradictory social conditions can be diagnosed, while emphasizing their important connections to the social-psychological pathologies which sustain them. The efficacy of Fromm’s approach is then defended against post-modern and social-constructivist critiques. This article thus supports the rehabilitation of Fromm’s work within the sociological mainstream as an important antidote to the ‘domesticated’ framing of social pathology which continues to dominate contemporary scholarship. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silver, Catherine T1 - Rethinking Erich Fromm's Analysis of Power Relations in Socio-Psychological Research and Through the Social Third in the Clinical Encounter JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 230-243. N2 - This paper explores Fromm’s dialectic analysis of power relations as it applies to the dynamics of change at the societal and personal levels. First, the paper discusses the use of empirical research—system justification theory—to test the impact of socio-psychological and structural resistances to change. Second, it looks at the concept of The Social Third to illustrate Fromm’s clinical approach around connectedness, subjectivity, narcissism, internalization of normative structures and the centrality of the concept of social character in shaping the dynamics of change. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019t Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019t ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel A1 - Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu T1 - Return to Sepharad: Is it possible to heal an ancient wound? A reflection on the construction of large-group identity JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 095-103. N2 - Spanish parliament recently issued a new law offering Spanish nationality to Sephardic Jews who so desired and could demonstrate a basic knowledge of the Spanish language and culture. This law attempted to redress a five-centuries-old injustice and was expected to unleash both criticism and praise. Surprisingly, reactions in the public or the press were minimal or absent. Reasons for this are explored through a qualitative study with focus groups, which showed ideas that can be grouped into four main categories: ignorance, justice, distrust, and fear. It is hypothesized that the predominantly silent response to the new law might be due to the fact that it touches on an extremely sensible issue: the historically fragmented Spanish identity. A position of negation is constructed, to avoid deep anxieties related to the fragile core of a collective identity built from many >others< forced to the refuge of an introspection that protects them from the conviction of not fulfiling the ideal identity status, known by all but reached by none. All those >others< have mixed their bloods with the Old Christians along the centuries, possibly transmitting a profound insecurity about their personal and collective identity that might contribute to understanding current social reactions. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jimenez, Luis T1 - Revisiting Fromm's Concept of Social Character and Social Change: An Example from De-Industrialized Working Class Communities in the UK JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 182-198. N2 - This paper highlights the relevance of Erich Fromm’s concepts of social character and social change to offer a more nuanced understanding of the neo-liberal inter-generational traumatic legacy of loss of stable work, changing worker gendered identity, disrupted affect, community engagement and historical memory within a global context of insecure labour and emerging neoliberal forms of social character in the aftermath of massive redundancies and unemployment experienced recently in some post-industrial working class communities in the UK. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019p Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019p ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leontiev, Dmitry T1 - Self-Conscious Person Above Social Pressures: Erich Fromm's Guidelines for Individual Liberation JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 169-176. N2 - Erich Fromm succeeded in embracing with equal depth all the main aspects of human existence: unconscious dynamics, social formative influences and self-determination of the human being as a conscious agent. This last aspect of Fromm’s heritage allows us to speak of him as an existentially minded thinker. His analysis of human situation, theory of existential needs, view on human nature as undefined, theory of freedom and theory of being as opposed to having make a priceless contribution to the existentialist line of thought. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019n Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019n ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maccoby, Michael A1 - Mclaughlin, Neil T1 - Sociopsychoanalysis and Radical Humanism: A Fromm–Bourdieu Synthesis JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 045-057. N2 - Mainstream social science has been blindsided by the rise of Trumpism and broader growth of authoritarian populism. We make the case that Frommian work is desperately needed inside the core of contemporary social science theorizing by examining social character theory up against and alongside the concept of habitus developed by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Both Fromm and Bourdieu were concerned with the human costs of social change and economic development, Fromm with his writings on advanced capitalism in The Sane Society (1955a) and on Mexican village life in Social Character in a Mexican Village (with Michael Maccoby, 1970b), and Bourdieu with his extended studies of peasants in Algeria during the French colonial war of the 1950s and early 1960s. We will compare and contrast the theory of social character developed in the Mexican study with Bourdieu's concept of habitus, and discuss what Fromm's ideas can add to Bourdieu-influenced critical social science. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019d Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019d ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Loiacono, Anna Maria T1 - Terrorism and the practice of angst JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 003-007. N2 - Following in Hannah Arendt’s steps, this paper addresses the author’s definition of terrorism mostly from a psychoanalytical point of view and focuses further on the clinical implications related to the different thoughts on terrorism of a number of psychoanalysts. Some clinical vignettes, from individual as well as group psychotherapy, show how deep the reverberation of our way of thinking about terrorism can be in our work as psychoanalysts, particularly in regard to the integration of the destructive aspects of the personality and of the Self, and above all in cases with a history of traumatic attachment. Indeed, the psychoanalyst can actually remain embedded inside the patient's dissociative dynamics, and the treatment can fall into a painful impasse, allowing mutilated, torn, dead, and dissociated aspects to be left outside the conscious and the Self. The result of this kind of situation is a stiffening of the personality and a mortification of the whole Self. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sjödin, Christer T1 - Terrorism from a Swedish perspective JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 025-030. N2 - Terrorism is a worldwide phenomenon, as the >Global terrorism index< reveals. The aim of terrorism is to take command over our feelings and our imagination to compel us to change our ways of life and release a clash between civilizations. In my discussion, I will concentrate on identity, an individual’s feeling of being unique, having a coherent self while at the same time being part of a large group. My intention is to link the concept of identity to affects and thinking and the loss of reality-testing when the group is dominated by schizo-paranoid anxiety. Two lines of thought stand out in my discussion of terrorism – the power of identity and the search for meaning – both of which are affected by globalization, the rise of a network society, and disenchantment with the world. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Durkin, Kieran T1 - The Art of Living and the Dialectics of Social Transformation JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 024-032. N2 - In this paper I compare Fromm’s account of social transformation with that of Alain Touraine. I argue that although there are many points of connection between Fromm’s account of >the art of living< and Alain Touraine’s account of the >Politics of the Subject,< Fromm ultimately goes beyond Touraine at many points, offering a more detailed explanatory account of how individual transformation is related to the larger, but related, goal of social transformation. I conclude that Fromm’s often overlooked account of the mechanics of individual change ought to be returned to in the process of reinvigorating social theory and practice. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019b Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019b ER - TY - JOUR A1 - McLaughlin, Neil T1 - The coming triumph of the psychosocial perspective: lessons from the rise, fall and revival of Erich Fromm JF - Journal of Psychosocial Studies, Vol. 12( No. 1-2, 2019), pp. 9–22, Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chancer, Lynn T1 - The Compatibility of Frommian and Feminist Theory: An Argument for Relevance and Revision JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 033-044. N2 - The work of Erich Fromm is often overlooked in contemporary feminist thought. Yet important areas of relevance—his critiques of symbiotic love and sadomasochism, advocacy of mutual recognition, and objections to patriarchal presumptions in Freud’s work—render Fromm’s thought useful for feminists. Disadvantages adhere in Fromm’s ideas too, including sexist language and biologically-tinged maternalism. However, this paper reinterprets these problems to advocate for rediscovering both Fromm’s feminist and humanist aspirations. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019c Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019c ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel A1 - Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu T1 - The disturbing presence of the father: Paternal function and its initial developments JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 3, 2019), pp. 140-146. N2 - The birth of a child strongly influences the way in which we adults perceive life and, therefore, our inner world. This birth, or rather the expectation of it, initiates in the father a complex process, the paternal function. Despite being a common experience, there are many open questions regarding its development and its impact on the new father. We reflect here on paternal function and explore conscious and unconscious fantasies of the man facing new-found fatherhood. We propose that a kind of pre-Oedipal process has already begun during pregnancy. The new being’s mere existence inside the womb generates an exclusionary force that sets the father’s ambivalent feelings in motion. The overwhelming certainty of motherhood and the generation of the mother–fetus bubble develops in parallel with the uncertainty of the father, immersed in inner conflicts regarding what his relationship with the mother–child couple is and will be. He rapidly experiences how the child’s presence makes him an excluded third party, always longing to fully occupy the place he once enjoyed beside the mother. The baby enters a world where father’s strong ambivalence is already in place, facilitating and setting in motion a full development of the Oedipal process. Finally, some considerations are outlined on the potential influence of this complex ambivalence in large group reactions and the need to be remembered that humans have displayed since ancient historical times. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Söderlund, Jana T1 - The Emergence of a New Social Movement: Biophilic Design JF - The Emergence of Biophilic Design. Cities and Nature, Cham (Springer) 2019, pp. 1-11. [Online ISBN 978-3-030-29813-5] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29813-5_1] N2 - Biophilic design, based on humans’ innate connection to nature, evolved into a social movement over many decades. It emerged from Erich Fromm’s early use of the term biophilia to Edward Wilson’s book on Biophilia, the subsequent Biophilia Hypothesis book by Wilson and Stephen Kellert, to the multi-authored Biophilic Design publication in 2008. This progression involved meetings and discussions between people with a shared understanding of the human biological connection to nature and the need to bring nature back into urbanites daily lives. Their vision and passion led to the emergence of the social movement of biophilic design. The moral vision of bringing nature into city design reflects a shared understanding and collective goal beyond self-interest. There was a communal sense of the associated issues with cities which lack nature, such as disconnection from nature, urban heat island effect and water and air pollution, kindling a desire to initiate change. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haggag, Ali T1 - The Frankfurt School at Egyptian Universities. Critical Observations JF - Contemporary Arab Affairs, Vol. 12, No. 4 (2019), pp. 104-120. [Online ISSN 755-0920] [doi.org/10.1525/caa.2019.12.4.104] N2 - The critical theory of the Frankfurt School reached Egypt in 1955, when the Arabic translation of Erich Fromm’s >The Sane Society< (New York, 1955) was published in Cairo. Later, Herbert Marcuse’s >Soviet Marxism< (1958) was translated into Arabic in Beirut in 1965, and with the rise of student protests in France, Germany, and the United States, much attention was given to Marcuse; almost all his writings were translated into Arabic between 1969 and 1973. This article explores the nature of individual >receptions< of the critical theory of the Frankfurt School at Egyptian universities. To this end, it briefly introduces the early generation of the Frankfurt School, as well as the reasons of interest in its fate in Egyptian universities. Though master’s theses and doctoral dissertations do not represent a university’s orientation to critical theory, and at best represent the perspective of their individual authors, this article shows that key individual theses and dissertations testify to an early rejection of the Frankfurt School and to the late adoption of it as a critical paradigm of the transformations in Egyptian society. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - The Indispensability of Erich Fromm: The Rehabilitation of a >Forgotten< Psychoanalyst JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 70-103. N2 - This chapter provides a comprehensive overview and rehabilitation of Erich Fromm’s importance as a psychoanalyst. Fromm is lauded for having been an unsurpassed analyst of psychoanalytic politics and the incarnation of what it means to be an independent psychoanalyst, who was unjustly attacked both by orthodox analysts and by his erstwhile colleagues in the Frankfurt School. His 1935 essay, >The Social Determinants of Psychoanalytic Therapy,< in which the influence of Ferenczi and Groddeck is directly acknowledged, and his 1959 book, Sigmund Freud’s Mission, are hailed as summits of his achievement, while The Greatness and Limitations of Freud’s Thought shows him in decline. Three weak points in Fromm’s thought are identified: (1) his tendency to flatten out an individual level of analysis into a purely social level; (2) his penchant for shifting the blame for the problems in psychoanalysis away from Freud onto his followers; and (3) his assumption that motherly love is unconditional. Fromm’s defense of radical humanism is compared with that of Orwell, and it is shown to be grounded not only in philosophy but above all in natural science in The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pennisi, Paola T1 - The Individual Narcosis of Creativity JF - Reti, saperi, linguaggi. Italian Journal of Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2019), pp. 79-94. [Online ISSN 1826-8889] [rivisteweb.it/doi/10.12832/94731] N2 - We use to think that creativity is an attribute that any individual, to a greater or lesser extent, has. In this essay I will try to show that, besides the obvious differences among individuals, every man choose, more or less consciously, to narcotize part of his creative attitude because in some cases it is advantageous for himself and for the species. In order to do that, I will give a working definition of the concept of creativity (§ 1); then, echoing the words of Erich Fromm, I will outline an individual phenomenology of the creative attitude that might allow the reader to recognize a creative behavior when he sees it (§ 2);(§ 3) lastly, I will try to show, through the use of empirical data on man and on non-human primates, what are the advantages for the species and for the single individual of not acting creatively. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asatulloev, Inomjon T1 - The Issues of Alienation in the Philosophy of Erich Fromm JF - Canadian Social Science, Vol. 15, No. 6 (2019), pp. 31-33. [Online ISSN 1923-6697] [cscanada.net/index.php/css/article/view/11103/11221] N2 - This article analyzes the issues of alienation in the philosophy of Erich Fromm. The development of capitalism has changed the political, economic, and spiritual relationships in the society, and depression, misery, helplessness and solidarity are increasing in people. The philosopher has shown the causes of separation and alienation from the society and ways to get rid of it. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mori, Shigeyuki T1 - The Japanese contribution to violence in the world: The kamikaze attacks in World War II JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 040-046. N2 - The author attempts to understand the kamikaze attacks during World War II as a phenomenon that crossed a border into the systemic use of suicide attacks. The author first presents two historical precursors before World War II: the Seinan (Southwest) War in 1877; and an event in 1932 known as the Three Suicide-Bombing Heroes. To examine the process leading to kamikaze, the author offers two examples: a scene in which a suicide attack was proposed to pilots; and a story of a general, Oenishi, who has been identified as a person responsible for the campaign. In the discussion, the author employs psychoanalytic arguments on chosen trauma and apocalyptic order to see kamikaze as sharing a common psychology with other warfare. He then focuses on the previous debate over the normality of suicide attackers and argues for the importance of finding a role for positive value in the psychological processes. He concludes that kamikaze was realized through multiple mechanisms and ended up crossing the border to unconventional attack. He closes the paper by suggesting we should make efforts to keep the positive feedback in response to suicide attacks under a certain threshold in order to avoid reinforcing the spiral. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meaders, Nobuko Y. T1 - The Japanese psychology of resignation, akirame, and the writings of Kawabata JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 047-054. N2 - The concept of resignation carries widely divergent meanings in the cultural contexts of Western and Eastern experiences. Whereas the Western perspective of resignation implies a negative, impoverished state of self-assertion, the Eastern perspective contains wider and more complex meanings, among which is that resignation is a virtue to be cultivated. Using the writings of the Nobel Prize winner in Literature Yasunari Kawabata, akirame, the Eastern, specifically Japanese, concept of resignation, will be examined for its multilayered psychological and cultural meanings. In addition, from Kawabata’s writing and biographical information, I demonstrate how the Western psychoanalytic concept of Oedipal conflict relates to and manifests in the Eastern psychology of resignation, bridging both Eastern and Western cultures to elucidate underlying, universal human conflicts. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris T1 - The large group: dynamics and passions JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 069-070. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Csillag, Veronica T1 - The making of a mass murderer: Notes on the novel We need to talk about Kevin JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 019-024. N2 - The fictional protagonist of the Lionel Shriver novel, >We need to talk about Kevin<, massacred nine classmates, his father and his sister with a bow and arrow. He murdered them just before he turned 16, to avoid being prosecuted as an adult. He spared the life of his mother, a kindred spirit, cold, arrogant, who would recognize the depth of his hatred and nihilism. Kevin's maternal grandfather was born in a concentration camp during the Armenian genocide. His mother, Eva, a tough, independent woman, loathed being pregnant and the process of giving birth. Kevin was a demanding baby and then a cruel child. Eva kept telling her husband that she found Kevin's malignity troubling, but he only wanted to see the charming, vulnerable side of the boy. Was Kevin born a sociopath or did he become one due to his experiences in utero and beyond? In this paper, I elucidate how temperamental features, inadequate parenting, transgenerational trauma, and oppressive gender relations created the perfect storm from which Kevin's personality developed. Finally, I will discuss how Eva and Kevin struggled to repair their relationship after the murders, and consider whether forgiveness and reconciliation are even possible after such a heinous act. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Espinosa Rugarcía, Amparo T1 - The Many Prisons of Women Predestined to Commit a Crime. Sadomasochism as a Female Survival Strategy JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 211-222. N2 - This is an approach to Mexican female delinquency from a Frommian sadomasochism and a non-punitive criminal justice perspective, based on autobiographical life stories written by women confined in Mexican prisons. Those women have always lived in a society which assaults them in a thousand ways and treats them with inequity; whatever their crime, they are not judged with a gender perspective. Almost all are poor, many of them are mothers forced to abandon their children to serve their sentence behind bars in despicable conditions, accused of crimes that many times they commit induced by their partners' behavior against them. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019r Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019r ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marsin, M. A1 - et al., T1 - The Meaning of Love in Balada Cinta Majnun Novel by Geidurrahman El-Mishry (Psychology of Literature) [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Proceedings of the 1st Seminar and Workshop on Research Design, for Education, Social Science, Arts, and Humanities, April 27 2019, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, 7 pp. [doi.org/10.4108/eai.27-4-2019.2286869] N2 - This study reports the results of the content analysis on Balada Cinta Majenun Novel by Geidurrahman El-Mishry about the love of the main character using the psychology of literature approach. The purpose of this study was to reveal the meaning of the main character's love based on Erich Fromm's love theory. The data used was the text in the novel. Reading and taking note were used to collect data. The data was classified based on the object of erotic love and divine love. Then, they were analyzed using the psychology of literature and interpreted using contextual meaning. The result showed that there was a love shift from erotic love to God love. It was influenced by the rejection of love and the concept of love that the main character owned as a result of following tharikat that later shaped his way of life into religion-oriented. His religious path, from love to the creatures that led to the path of God, gave rise to the desire to be united with God. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - The Other Side of the Story: Severn on Ferenczi and Mutual Analysis JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 117-136. N2 - This chapter presents the discovery that Elizabeth Severn’s 1933 book, The Discovery of the Self, contains disguised case histories of both herself and Ferenczi, and thereby constitutes a companion volume to Ferenczi’s Clinical Diary. From having been known primarily as >R.N.,< the most important patient in the Diary, Severn emerges as a subject and original contributor to psychoanalysis in her own right. Severn’s reception of Ferenczi’s legacy is compared to that of two of his other American patients, Izette de Forest and Clara Thompson, the latter of whom envied Severn for her closeness to Ferenczi. Multiple correspondences between the accounts of Ferenczi and Severn of their mutual analysis, as well as of their histories, are set forth. The significance of Strindberg’s play, The Father, for Ferenczi’s transference to Severn is examined. Ferenczi and Severn are shown to have been two deeply traumatized individuals who healed themselves by finding their spiritual counterparts in each other. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Habriielian, A. T1 - The Phenomenon of >Mass Consciousness< in E. Fromm's Philosophy JF - World Science, Vol. 2, No. 7(47), pp. 32-35. [ISSN 2413-1032] N2 - In this article, the author considered the concept of >Mass Consciousness< in the philosophy of Erich Fromm. The phenomenon of >Mass Consciousness< was studied from the standpoint of E. Fromm’s «Humanistic Radicalism», and was analyzed in comparison with classical Freudian psychoanalysis and other prominent thinkers of the twentieth century. It was found that according to Erich Fromm's social psychoanalysis, aggression is the result of social exclusion, mass consciousness, and conformism. The prevention of these phenomena can only be realized by a healthy humanistic society, in which faith, hope, love, understanding, sanity, mutual respect, empathy that cannot be explained by human instincts. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindenman, Catherine V. T1 - The psychological science of Gustave Flaubert JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 29 (No. 1, 2020), pp. 003-013. N2 - Flaubert claimed mastery in matters of style in the French language as well as in the psychological sciences. Mastery in both areas is on clear display in the writing of Madame Bovary. Our heroine presents as a new kind of personality, namely as someone who depends greatly on sensory experience in order to maintain her emotional equilibrium. So, when under stress, she can only find some kind of soothing comfort in her perfumes, silks, and cashmeres. This dynamic pattern leaves her at a disadvantage when tasked with higher level life requirements – such as the payment of bills, the very thing that, in the end, causes her ruin. Dynamically, failures of memory and the resulting fragmentation of experience leave her with a precarious sense of self. For our heroine, there is little ability to link present experience to the past and therefore no possibility of metaphoric or symbolic thinking; in other words, she is condemned to repeat. Flaubert felt that Madame Bovary would only have original value as the sum of his psychological understandings. Further, he hoped his psychological work, often hidden under the form, would be deeply felt by the reader, as it was by him. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jimenez, Luis T1 - The psychosocial significance of social character, habitus and structures of feeling in research on neoliberal post-industrial work JF - Journal of Psychosocial Studies, Vol. 12, No. 3 (2019), pp. 259-276. [Online ISSN 1478-6737] [doi.org/10.1332/204378919X15674407132232] N2 - This article highlights the psychosocial relevance of Erich Fromm’s concepts of >social character< and >social change< to broaden our understanding of the intergenerational traumatic legacy of neoliberalism. As part of this, it also reflects on the psychosocial significance of other related concepts – namely Pierre Bourdieu’s >habitus< and Raymond Williams’ >structures of feeling< – as ways to also acknowledge their significance when related to each other in emerging research on the neoliberal effects of changes in work and identities. This includes secondary analysis of my own earlier research on the psychosocial ramifications of the loss of stable work, changing worker-gendered identities, disrupted affect, community engagement and historical memory within a global context of insecure labour. This is all understood within a theoretical frame that stresses the emerging neoliberal forms of social character in the aftermath of the massive redundancies and unemployment experienced recently in post-industrial working-class communities in the UK. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pereira Mendes, Eliana Rodrigues T1 - The roots of violence in Brazil: Impasses and possibilities JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 034-039. N2 - Nowadays, violence appears in various forms in Brazil. From an agricultural country, Brazil became rapidly industrialized, which resulted in large rural exodus and explosion of population density in major cities. Brazil faces today a great social and economic disparity, added to endemic corruption of government, nepotism and lack of social planning. The roots of such violence can be found in our archaic heritage that has been forming Brazilian identity since its early days. The interest of former colonizers was to extract wealth, without regarding the establishment of a nation. This exploitation has been always done by force and violence, with the slave labor of native Indians and imported black people. As a state Brazil was exposed to the primal father’s law, and to the absence of a symbolic father, who could have provided his people with a more stable identity, only given by the paternal law. Is it possible to reframe archaic heritage, rebuilding the missing father image without resorting to a false savior of the fatherland? Is it possible to construct a more equitable society that could propitiate true conditions of citizenship in order to make every citizen, to the extent possible, the protagonist of his own history? Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aramoni, Rebeca T1 - The vacuum of kidnapping JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 28 (No. 1, 2019), pp. 031-033. N2 - All forms of kidnapping are presented in this paper, as is their psychodynamic underpinning affecting human behavior: abduction with or without ransom, political kidnapping, kidnapping by well-organized criminal groups, human trafficking and governmental kidnapping, which all highlight the important crises in the major decline in ethics and values. Apathy, fear, and insecurity lead to an increase in dependencies on substances, psychosomatic problems, and depression, which result from the suffering of this >vacuum of kidnapping.< The author wonders, >Has right to live in peace been kidnapped?< Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bierhoff, Burkhard T1 - Thoughts on Liberation: On the Way to A Humane Society JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 118-137. N2 - Fromm was one of the first psychoanalysts to deal with the crisis of civilization. His ideas about human nature, the social character and the social unconscious, the pathology of normalcy and the ideal of productivity are important. Fromm criticizes industrialism for its unrealizable promises of freedom and happiness, which correspond to an ideology of growth and progress. The satisfaction of >false< needs and desires does not lead to human well-being. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019j Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019j ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Wolfgang G. T1 - Toward a Humanization and Democratization of Work: References of Work, Organizational, and Economic Psychology to Erich Fromm's Concepts JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 23 / 2019 (Special Edition), Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 080-094. N2 - Concepts from Self-Determination theory are related to Fromm’s conceptualizations of existential human needs and human strengths. Empirical findings seem to support Fromm (1955a) in stating that socio-economic environments which embody particular values will influence psychological well-being, health and social relations of consumers. Further, empirical studies on effects of working in democratic enterprises and experiencing a sociomoral work climate upon employees’ attitudes and behaviors will be presented. All in all, the findings support Fromm’s vision of a humanization and democratization of work. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e23/2019g Y1 - 2019 VL - e23/2019g ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudnytsky, Peter L. T1 - Trauma and Dissociation: Ferenczi between Freud and Severn JF - P. Rudnytsky: Formulated Experiences. Hidden Realities and Emergent Meanings from Shakespeare to Fromm, London and New York (Routledge) 2019, pp. 137-151. N2 - The conflict between Freud and Ferenczi during Ferenczi’s final period centers as much on their differences in technique as on Ferenczi’s revival of Freud’s pre-1897 trauma theory. Severn is the first patient since the 1890s whose childhood sexual trauma was the focus of her analysis, just as she was the first since Anna O. whose trauma-based dissociation was integral to her treatment. The corollary of the revival of trauma theory is a model of the mind based not on repression but dissociation. Ferenczi belongs to a tradition of analysts including Breuer, Fairbairn, and Sullivan who worked with a dissociation model. The fountainhead of this tradition is Janet, but though Ferenczi read and quoted from Janet, no references to Janet are found in Ferenczi’s work after 1924, when he began to move away from Freud. It is necessary to integrate scholarship on Ferenczi with the vast body of work on dissociation. Ferenczi is situated between Freud and Severn. Reversing the traditional verdicts, Ferenczi’s relationship to Freud is viewed as an enactment, whereas his relationship with Severn constitutes an authentic dialogue. Y1 - 2019 ER -