TY - GEN A1 - Zou, Juan T1 - A Humanistic Exploration of Urban Violence in Margaret Drabble’s the Radiant Way and A Natural Curiosity 玛格丽特•德拉布尔《金光大道》和《天生好奇》中都市暴力的人文主义推求], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2014. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 玛格丽特•德拉布尔(1939-)是二战后英国文坛颇负盛誉的女作家之一。她的三部曲《金光大道》、《天生好奇》和《象牙门》自1989年发表以来,备受评论界关注。以暴力为代表的都市哥特元素成为这三部作品的一个核心特点。尽管近年来国内外研究德拉布尔的学者日渐增多,却鲜少有评论家对《金光大道》和《天生好奇》这两部作品中的都市暴力问题展开系统性研究。本论文选取埃里希•弗洛姆在《逃避自由》和《爱的艺术》中所阐释的人文主义哲学为支撑,试析德拉布尔两部作品中以都市暴力为核心的哥特元素,旨在为探弋作品中所蕴藉的人性深度,并为其道德维度提供新的研究视角。埃里希•弗洛姆的人文主义哲学囊括了对于异化、自由和爱的探讨,它掘入人的情感内里,将极权主义、破坏性和机械趋同等消极自由所导致的牵绊展露得纤悉无遗。相反,积极自由意味着通过爱和生产性劳作而与世界自发产生联系,保持人格的整一性。虐待与受虐消解主体;成熟的爱却带来自我的救赎与合一。论文引言追述了德拉布尔两部小说发表以来批评家的观点,提出来进一步探索的空间和可能性,并阐述了弗洛姆哲学思想的要点和论文的框架结构。结语部分总结了论文的基本观点。论文主体分为两章。第一章是>《金光大道》中都市暴力的引发与扩散<,探讨了家庭环境中的性格偏差如何刺激暴力倾向以及社会大环境对异常行为的传播而导致的都市暴力,目的是为了逃避异化,寻得自由。从微观上看,小说中连环杀手保尔的犯罪行为可以追溯至其母亲的虐待癖。从宏观上说,社会也是始作俑者,因为在20世纪80年代的英国,撒切尔政府推行个人主义和商业自由化,加剧了社会异化。同时,以电视为主导的大众媒体所起的刺激和传播作用都使得社会弊病以都市暴力的形式交相呈现。第二章是>《天生好奇》中都市暴力的对抗与救赎<,挖掘了三位女性主人公通过成熟的爱和生产性工作寻找自我和拯救暴力的努力。尽管莉茨和艾利克斯直面了美杜莎的哥特形象,她们却没有被石化,反而重新认识自我,颠覆了传统的神话原型。通过其对连环杀手保尔无私的爱和慷慨帮助,艾利克斯成功平抚了暴力所留下的创伤。另外,三位女主人公之间的深厚友谊为她们重塑自我和追寻积极自由铺就了道路。论文借助弗洛姆的人本主义思想探究了德拉布尔两部作品中的暴力主题和哥特元素。小说中所彰显的城市暴力从微观层面可以归结为人性中的虐待癖和受虐性,从宏观层面来看,则肇始于由外部社会政治因素所滋养和传播的普遍异化现象。诚然,玛格丽特•德拉布尔将笔锋转向人文主义,字里行间涵射出成熟的爱是拯救都市暴力与实现积极自由的有效方式。 N2 - Margaret Drabble (1939 – ) is regarded as one of the most important postwar British women writers. Her trilogy >The Radiant Way< , >A Natural Curiosity< , >The Gates of Ivory< , published since 1989, have been frequented by literary critics with multiple views since their inception. One core characteristic of the trilogy is its Gothic elements featured by urban violence. Admittedly, the Drabble scholarship has expanded with growing momentum both home and abroad. However, they have not touched upon the issue of urban violence in either The Radiant Way or A Natural Curiosity with systematic research. - By vehicle of Erich Fromm’s humanistic philosophy crystallized in his Escape from Freedom and The Art of Loving, a tentative analysis of these two novels’ urban Gothic elements is carried out in this thesis, thus presenting a new dimension to the interpretation of the depth of human nature and morality veiled in >The Radiant Way< and >A Natural Curiosity<. - Erich Fromm’s humanistic philosophy of alienation, freedom and love penetrates into the profundity of human character and thoroughly elucidates various thwarting impacts of negative freedom wrought by authoritarianism, destructiveness and automaton conformity. On the contrary, positive freedom equates with the spontaneous activity of the integrated personality in relation to the world through love and productive work. In truth, sadistic or masochistic strivings result in the disintegration of the subject, while mature love brings forth redemption and reunion of the self. The introduction gives a succinct review of the critical history related to Drabble’s two works, puts forward the possibility for further study, and elucidates Erich Fromm’s philosophy and argumentative structure of the whole thesis. The conclusion makes a brief summary of the arguments. The main body of the thesis is composed of two chapters. - Chapter 1 >The Instigation and Diffusion of Urban Violence in ‘The Radiant Way’< discusses how the familial infusion of deviancy and the social dissemination of abnormality have contributed to the urban vi¬olence as a means of escaping from alienation for the sake of freedom. On the microscopic level, it is the maternal sadism that caused the serial killer Paul’s criminal deeds. On the macroscopic level, it turns out that the society hould also be held accountable. Individualism and privatization preached by the Thatcher Government in the 1980s aggravates social alienation. Coupled with the instigating and propagating role of mass media typified by television, social malaise keeps cropping up in the form of urban violence. - Chapter 2 >The Confrontation and Salvation of Urban Violence in ‘A Natural Curiosity’< explores the three female protagonists’ endeavor of rediscovering themselves and salvage violence through mature love and productive work. Although Liz and Alix have confronted the Gothic image of Medusa, they are not petrified and they have reaffirmed their selfhood, thus, subverting the traditional myth. Through her unconditional love and generous help for the serial killer Paul, Alix has managed to salvage violence. In addition, the sisterhood among the three female protagonists paves the way for reintegration of self and realization of positive freedom. In summary, this thesis conducts a research into the urban Gothic elements featured by violence in Drabble’s two novels on strength of Fromm’s humanistic philosophy. - The conclusion can be drawn that urban violence on a micro level could be attributed to the innate human nature of sadism and masochism; while on a macro level, it is catalyzed and cemented by external social and political forces that breeds and disseminates alienation. Margaret Drabble has wielded her pen in the direction of humanism, implying that the moral way to salvage urban violence and attain positive freedom is through mature love. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmer, Manfred T1 - Erich Fromm in China. Überblick über die Rezeption seines Denkens JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 18 / 2014, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 159-169. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d18/2014z5 Y1 - 2014 VL - d18/2014z5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmer, Manfred T1 - Chinese Scholarly Literature about Erich Fromm (1961-2013) Authors A - R JF - http://www.erich-fromm-online.de/images/stories/pdf/Zimmer_M_2014b_A-R.pdf Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmer, Manfred T1 - Chinese Scholarly Literature about Erich Fromm (1961-2013) Authors S - Z JF - http://www.erich-fromm-online.de/images/stories/pdf/Zimmer_M_2014b_S-Z.pdf Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziege, Eva-Maria A1 - Kotowski, Elke-Vera T1 - Erich Fromm und die Entwicklung der Psychoanalyse in Mexiko JF - Das Kulturerbe deutschsprachiger Juden: Eine Spurensuche in den Ursprungs-, Transit- und Emigrationsländern (Europäisch-Jüdische Studien Beiträge, Bd. 9), Berlin et al. (De Gruyter Oldenburg) 2014, pp. 263-269. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Yu A1 - Lai, Xionglin T1 - The Experience and Struggle of Loneliness — A Probe into Fromm's Theory of Loneliness [孤独的体验与挣扎——弗洛姆的孤独理论探微] JF - Seeker [求索], No. 7 (2014), pp. 63-68. N2 - 弗洛姆认为自由与孤独、生与死、潜能的实现与生命的有限性之间的矛盾是孤独产生的原因,因此,孤独是基于人本性之上的哲学范畴。传统社会中孤独意识处于被遮蔽的状态,随着宗教改革和文艺复兴的兴起,现代社会人的孤独意识被激发,而孤独是人不能忍受之痛,现代人开始了放弃自由、逃避孤独之旅。孤独成了自由不能摆脱的阴影和噩梦。实际上,孤独是自由的必经阶段,真正的自由是对孤独的超越和扬弃。 N2 - According to Fromm, the contradiction between freedom and solitude, life and death, the realization of potential and the finiteness of life is the cause of loneliness, therefore, loneliness is a philosophical category based on human nature. With the rise of the Reformation and Renaissance, the sense of loneliness in modern society has been stimulated, and loneliness is an unbearable pain. Loneliness has become the shadow of freedom and nightmare cannot get rid of. In fact, loneliness is a necessary stage of freedom, the real freedom is the transcendence and abandonment of loneliness. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Zhicheng T1 - An Analysis of the Beats in >On the Road< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Freedom Theory in >Escape from Freedom< [《在路上》垮掉分子的逃避自由机制分析 — 从弗罗姆自由理论视角] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Jimei University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) [集美大学学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 2 (2014), pp. 103-107. N2 - 许多研究者认为,小说《在路上》的垮掉分子们几近疯狂的生活体现了他们对精神自由的追求。然而,从弗罗姆自由理论视角来看,垮掉分子们在面对现代自由的时候都选择了逃避。为了逃避现代自由给个人带来的无能为力感,他们诉诸于爵士乐、酒精和性,试图以此狂欢方式来实现对自己的破坏欲。但是,这种方式未能使人真正克服孤独、焦虑状态。相反,狂欢消耗着他们的精力和体力,并将最终导致他们走向死亡。 N2 - Many researchers of >On the Road< tend to hold that the nearly crazy life of the beats in the novel embodies their pursuit of spiritual freedom. However, from the perspective of Erich Fromm’s theory on freedom, it is discovered that the beats, intending to escape the feeling of insignificance and insecurity brought about by modern freedom, resort to destructiveness through carnival actualized by their indulgence in jazz, alcohol and sex. It is also found that carnival fails to free the beats from the feeling of isolation and insignificance. Instead, carnival consumes all their energy and may ultimately lead to their death. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Yingqi T1 - Alienation in Raymond Carver’s Short Fictions [雷蒙德•卡佛短篇小说中的异化], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2014. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 雷蒙德•卡佛是美国现代短篇小说家,其写作风格继承海明威的简洁,又更进一步发扬语言简短精悍、少描写多省略的特色,被许多文学批评者称为>美国极简主义小说之父<。卡佛笔下的许多人物和他自己一样,寡言少语、独来独往、家庭不和、失业酗酒。这类人物的命运往往反映了一个相似的主题,而批评家们多着眼于卡佛独特的叙事风格而忽略了这些短篇作品的共同主题,尤其是异化这个主题,值得进一步的深入挖掘和研究。无论是在文学层面还是在哲学层面,异化都不是一个新概念。这个概念在不同时代不同国家经不同人阐释获得了不同的含义。本文主要借助埃里希•弗罗姆对马克思异化理论的阐释和延伸,试图说明异化是雷蒙德•卡佛许多短篇小说中的一个共同主题。本文主要选取了六个短篇小说文本进行分析,这些文本比较能体现异化这个主题,并且能分别体现三种异化的形式:《小心》和《保鲜》体现了人与自我存在之间关系的异化,异化了的人被人类创造出来的东西所束缚,失去了>人性<,被物化成了没有自我意识的物体;《盒子》和《你在旧金山做什么?》体现了人与社区/团体之间关系的异化,颠沛流离的生活成了个人与群体疏远的客观和表面原因,然而真正导致人与人之间关系异化的是利己主义价值观影响下,人与人之间人性化的自然交往被目的性取代,金钱、工作反过来支配了人,扭曲了人的意识和人际关系;以及《车厢》和《小屋》中体现出的人的异化与外在环境之间的联系,异化了的人通常并没有意识到这种异化的状态,常常试图以脱离熟悉的环境寻求解脱的方式来解决生活中碰到的问题,然而却因为某件事在某个瞬间顿悟,对短暂逃离的希望破灭,只能又继续回到机械的生活当中去。 N2 - Raymond Clevie Carver Jr. (May 25, 1938 – August 2,1988) is a major writer of the late 20th century and part of the major force in the revitalization of the American short fiction in the1980s. Being noted as the most influential American short storywriter after Hemingway by some critics, Carver has a distinctive writing style characterized by terse language, great usage of short simple sentences, dialogue and a large amount of ellipsis and omission. Many characters in his short stories, like himself, suffered from unhappy marriage, - nemployment and alcoholism. Lives of these characters tend to reflect a similar theme >Alienation<. While most critics paid great attention to Carver’s unique narration, few have noticed the common theme of these stories. Alienation is not a new concept either in literature or in philosophy. It has different implications at different times and under different interpretations. - This thesis attempts to prove that alienation is an important theme in many short stories written by Carver, with Erich Fromm’s interpretation and extension of Marx’s alienation theory as the theoretical background. The author of this thesis chose six stories written by Carver for analysis. These stories reflected alienation theme and represent three different patterns of alienation. >Careful< and >Preservation< reflected people’s alienation from themselves and their existences; >Boxes< and >What do you do in San Francisco?< reflected man’s alienation from others;>The Compartment< and >The Cabin< reflected the connection between men and the external environment around them. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Ping T1 - Fromm’s Care Ethics and Its Implications for Moral Education in Colleges [弗洛姆关爱伦理思想及其对高校德育工作的启示] JF - Journal of Hunan University of Science and Engineering [湖南科技学院学报], No. 12 (2014), pp. 80-82. N2 - 21世纪人类面临的最大挑战是来自道德伦理和价值观的挑战,我国高校德育工作一直常抓不懈,但效果不尽如人意。文章力图将弗洛姆关爱伦理思想与我国高校德育工作结合起来,从提高学生人文素养、营造校园关爱氛围和培养学生健全人格方面提出一些意见与建议。 N2 - Greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century is a challenge from the ethical and moral values, moral education in China has been unremittingly college, but the effect is not satisfactory. Fromm article trying to care ethics and moral education in Chinese universities combine to make some comments and suggestions to improve students from the humanities, to create atmosphere and caring campus students healthy personality aspects. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Dan A1 - Wang, Ying T1 - >The Grass Is Singing< – Interpretation Using Fromm’s Theory of Human Alienation [从弗洛姆的人性异化论来解读《野草在歌唱》] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Education for Chinese After-School (Theory) [中国校外教育], No. 12 (2014), p. 20. N2 - 从弗洛姆的人性异化论角度出发解读多丽丝•莱辛的处女作《野草在歌唱》。着重从人与自己关系的异化,人与他人关系的异化两个方面来说明《野草在歌唱》中的人性异化问题 N2 - [automatic translation] Alienation of humanity from the perspective of Fromm's interpretation of Doris Lessing 's debut >The Grass Is Singing< . Emphasis from the alienation of man and his relationship alienation between man and others to illustrate the relationship between the two aspects of >The Grass Is Singing< in the human alienation. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zheng, Xiaolu T1 - A Comparative Study of Self-conception in Psychanalysis and the Buddhism [精神分析与佛学自我观的比较研究], Master thesis, Religious Studies, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 2014. N2 - 佛学发源于古老的印度社会,而精神分析则在现代性的背景下产生,两者共通之处首先在于认识自己的心灵并将这种认识付诸实践。现代性造成的传统价值崩溃,使个人不断地感到某种缺失,也引发了现代社会各种各样的精神问题。以1957年在墨西哥的座谈会为标志,国际心理学界开始愈发重视对禅宗和佛学的研究讨论,弗洛姆、霍尼等新精神分析学派试图在佛学中寻找对解决现代人心灵问题具有启发意义的观念和实践方法,两种传统在此处开始交汇。本文选取了佛学传统中三个较有代表性学派与精神分析学中对深层心识有独到见解的三个学派,比较其自我观的框架与核心概念,进行初步的交流和沟通。以弗洛伊德为代表的精神分析学派首先提出潜意识的概念,认为能意识到的那部分自我是不完整的。经典精神分析的自我观可以从人格地形结构中得到说明,本我要求本能冲动的满足,超我代表着社会的道德律令,而自我就努力在其中起调解作用。与社会习俗观念不相符的潜意识内容往往被压抑,精神分析的目标就在于解除抑制作用,释放潜意识的能量。禅学的真实自我是>自性<,自性是宇宙本体,万物之源,修行的目标就在于明心见性。顿悟和抑制解除的类似之处在于,抑制的解除释放潜意识中固着的能量,将潜意识纳入意识的范围,而顿悟打破原先的自我界限,两者都是无明转明的过程。荣格开创的分析心理学的自我框架将人格分为意识、个人潜意识、集体潜意识三个部分。他首先提出集体潜意识的概念。集体潜意识不是由被压抑和遗忘的个人经验构成,而是具有遗传性的,超越个体的心理基础。集体潜意识的内容主要是对应于人生各种典型情境的原型。分析心理学的目标是>个体化<,让人格围绕>自性<这个新的中心重新建立。唯识学认为万法唯识,一切心理物理现象的根源都在阿赖耶识之中,是八识自体变现的结果。阿赖耶识与集体潜意识的概念有很多相近之处,种子和原型同在说明有一种超越个性的心理基础,普遍存在于所有人身上,引发相似的行为方式。以拉康为中心的后结构主义精神分析,提出>镜像理论<,认为自我是建立在一种虚假的统一性之上。拉康用三界理论来说明主体的结构,想象界,象征界和实在界。精神分析的目标不仅是消除症状更在于发掘并承担主体的真相。而中观学则指出,原始佛教所说的无我是真我非有假我非无的辩证统一,缘起故无我,缘起故性空而假有,因此真我、假我都是假名而已。拉康的镜像理论可以与中观学的假我相比较。色受想行识五蕴和合而成的我,并没有真实恒定的体性。而主体在镜像中试图抓住的那个破碎、无力的自我,在象征界中经过父法的认同而永远被划上斜线的自我,也是在他者的欲望中建构的,虚幻不实的主体。精神分析与佛学通过不断地相互学习交流,在当代实践中已经产生了一定程度的互补作用。佛学给精神分析提供了对于心灵的深刻洞察和更为宽广的视域,也给精神分析提供了一种价值观念。现代社会那种不断消费、占有和扩张的自我是空虚无力的,只有寻求本真的自我才能带来精神的解脱与自由。而精神分析则在有我的层面对佛学进行补充。在进行深层的禅修之前,首先需要处理好早期的心理创伤和建立一种健全合理的生活、和谐的人际关系,否则禅修反而会成为一种自我防御的方式。精神分析的科学态度和不断质疑的思考也将佛学的思想从古代社会建制所形成的权力结构中解放出来,更好地为今人服务。现代性语境下形成的自我是漂浮无根,自我膨胀而又虚弱无力的,它的典型症状包括伦理道德责任的缺失、精神的疏离感和焦虑感等等,而现代西方社会的消费文化又助长了这种趋向。对比精神分析与佛学自我观的过程中,我们看到将生命之树重新扎根的一种可能性,寻求本真的自我,而不是外在符号中虚假的自我,才能获得对生命的真实理解和更深层次的幸 N2 - Buddhism originated in ancient Indian society, and psychoanalysis derived from modern western world. There is a resemblance between the two lines, which is knowing yourself and putting this knowledge into practice. Because of the collapse of traditional values caused by Modernity, people constantly feel a certain loss, and a variety of mental problems have occurred in modern society. The forum in Mexico held in1957is a sign that the world of psychology has developed a great interest in Zen Buddhism. Karen Horney, Erich Fromm and other psychologists from Neopsychoanalytic Schools tried to find inspiring ideas and practices in Buddhism to solve the mental problems of people. And these two traditions finally came to an intersection. - In this paper, we select three representative schools of Buddhism and three psychoanalytic schools which had deep insights in subconsciousness, and we will compare the theoretical frameworks and core views of self-conception in order to establish a preliminary comprehension and communication between Buddhism and Psychoanalysis. - Classic psychoanalysis, represented by Freud, first states the concept of the subconscious. They think that the conscious part of human mind is incomplete. Freud’s self-conception can be depicted in his terrain structure of personality. Id requires satisfaction of the instinctive impulse, Superego represents moral imperative, while Ego makes great efforts to mediate. Subconscious contents inconsistent with social customs are often repressed. The goal of psychoanalysis is disinhibition and releasing the energy in subconsciousness. To Zen Buddhism, the true self is the noumen that is the source of all things, and spiritual practice aims at finding one’s true self. A sudden enlightenment and disinhibition are similar. Disinhibition releases the fixed energy in subconsciousness, making subconscious ideas clear to the mind, and a sudden enlightenment breaks the boundaries of the ego. They both gain insights into subconsciousness, but at different levels. - Jung’s analytical psychology divides personality into three parts, consciousness, personal subconsciousness and collective subconsciousness. He brings up the concept of the collective subconsciousness, which is not composed of repressed and forgotten personal experience. It is based on inherited psychological contents beyond individual experience. The contents of collective subconsiousness are all kinds of prototypes corresponding to typical situations of life. The goal of analytical psychology is individualization, in the process of which, the personality re-establishes around a new center, Self. Vijbanavada considers that everything derives from the heart, whose transformation causes various kinds of psychological or physical phenomena. The concept of Alaya-vijnana and collective subconsciousness are very much alike. The seeds and prototypes indicate that a hereditary psychological basis exists in all human minds, which causes similar behaviors under specific situation. - Poststructuralist psychoanalysis, represented by Lacan, proposes >mirror theory<. They consider that the self is built on a false basis of unity. Lacan uses three realms theory which includes the imaginary, the symbolic and the real to illustrate the structure of the Subject. The goal of Psychoanalysis is not only to eliminate the symptoms but also to discover and bear the truth of the Subject. Madhyamaka points out that anataman means a dialectical unity of the real self and the false self. According to the theory of dependent origination, there is no invariable self, and the phenomenal world exists only in Conventional Truth. The real self and the false self are only pseudonyms. Lacan’s mirror theory can be compared with the conception of false self. The false self consists of substance, feeling, thinking, intention and consciousness. It doesn’t have real noumenon. And in the mirror theory, the Subject tries to grab the broken, weak self, which identifies with the Father’s Law. At the same time, a diagonal has been drawn on the self forever. The self is constructed in Other’s desire and therefore is unreal. Through continuous learning and communication with each other, Psychoanalysis and Buddhism have developed a certain degree of complementation. - Buddhism provides a deeper and wider insight into human mind and a set of values. The self busy consuming, possessing and expanding in modern society is empty and weak, only seeking the true self can bring us relief and freedom. Psychoanalysis supplies complement to Buddhism at the level of conventional reality. Before deep meditation, people need to deal with the psychological trauma formed in earlier stage of life and establish a reasonable way of life and a harmonious interpersonal relationship, otherwise meditation can be a new way of self-defensive. The scientific attitude and critical thinking in psychoanalysis also liberate the ancient Buddhism from power structure developed in Ancient Society, making it more understandable and useful to modern people. The self formed under the social context of modernism is always floating, rootless, self-aggrandizing and weak. The typical symptoms include lacking of ethical and moral responsibilities, spiritual alienation and anxiety, etc. And the global consumer culture encourages this tendency. At the process of comparing, we see a possibility of re-rooting the tree of life. Seeking the true self instead of identifying to the false one under external symbols brings us deeper happiness and a real understanding of life. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zheng, Li T1 - A Study of Virtue Ethics in John Steinbeck’s >The Winter of Our Discontent< [善恶之网的挣扎:斯坦贝克《烦恼的冬天》的美德伦理研究] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Contemporary Foreign Literature, [No. 3 (2014), pp.:120-131. N2 - This paper analyzes >The Winter of Our Discontent<, John Steinbeck’s last novel, from the perspective of humanistic ethics as advocated by American psychologist Erich Fromm. Affected by corrupt social values, the protagonist Ethan fails to realize his primary potentiality for goodness at first. Touched by his untainted daughter Alan, however, Ethan eventually experiences an epiphany, gradually recognizes the importance of self-love, and overcomes alienation in his realization of active freedom. By tracking Ethan’s moral development, Steinbeck gives voice to his own ethical concerns. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yue T1 - Values on Erich Fromm’s Theory of Alienation [埃里希•弗洛姆的异化价值观], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, CPC Zhejiang Provincial Party School, Hangzhou, Zheijiang, China 2014. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆在充分吸收和借鉴马克思异化理论和卢卡奇的异化理论的基础上,从心理学的视角出发来开创了自己的异化理论,用来解读资本主义社会制度下人的各种境遇。埃里希•弗洛姆通过对资本主义现象的深刻剖析和激烈的批判,犀利的指出资本主义繁华和虚荣的背后是赤裸裸的精神贫瘠和心内的孤独,为了摆脱这种状况,人们出现了逃避自由的心理机制,所以弗洛姆倡导建立健全的社会,只有健全的社会才会有健全的人格,才是符合人性追求自由和发展的本性。他的观点开拓了异化的研究范畴,丰富了马克思和卢卡奇所提出的异化思想。本篇文章在搜集大量资料的基础上,从弗洛姆的时代背景和生活经历入手,分析提出异化理论的现实依据和理论根据。弗洛姆将异化的内容扩大到生活中的各个领域,并指出资本主义心理、社会性格、消费等方面是典型的异化现象,从主客体两方面来分析这种异化现象产生的原因,并且给出了克服异化的方法,通过>爱的艺术<、发挥主观能动性、轻占有重生存的主体改变,再加上经济、政治、文化方面的双管齐下,来消除所存在的异化给人们带来的扭曲和不利。尽管弗洛姆的异化理论存在着很多的不足,但是给我国建设社会主义核心价值观带来了很多的启发与借鉴。 N2 - Erich Fromm, while fully absorbs and draw lessons from Marx’s alienation theory and the theory on the basis of the alienation of Lukács, starting from the perspective of psychology to start his own theory of alienation, used to interpret the people of diversity under the capitalist social system circumstances. Erich Fromm, through profound analysis and the fierce criticism on the phenomenon of capitalism, sharply pointed out that behind of the capitalist prosperous and vanity is pure spirit and heart of loneliness, in order to get rid of this situation, people appeared to escape the psychological mechanism of freedom, so Fromm’s social advocate to establish and perfect, only a sound society will have a sound personality, is the pursuit of freedom and development of the nature of human nature. His ideas to develop the research category of alienation, enrich the alienation of Marx and Lukács proposed ideas. - This article on the basis of collecting a large number of data, from the era background and life experience of Fromm, is put forward according to the reality of realistic basis and theoretical basis. Fromm expands the content of the alienation into all areas of life, and points out that psychological, social character, consumption of capitalism is a typical phenomenon of alienation, from two aspects of subject and object to analyze the causes of the alienation phenomenon, and gives the ways to overcome the alienation, through >he art of love<, our subjective initiative, changes in the body of the light of heavy survival, coupled with economic, political, and cultural aspects, to eliminate the dissimilation of distortions and disadvantage. Although Fromm’s dissimilation theory there are many shortcomings, bringing to the construction of socialist in our country a lot of inspiration and reference. [Authors translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Ying T1 - Fromm’s Theory of Freedom and Its Implications [浅析弗洛姆的自由理论及其启示] JF - Journal of Hubei University of Economics (Humanities and Social Sciences) 湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版), No. 7 (2014), 15-16, 26. N2 - 自由是人的本质,追求自由是个体成长发育的内在需求,人的历史就是一部不断追求个人自由的历史。然而,通过对现代资本主义社会的考察,弗洛姆认为,我们在现代历史进程中曾获得的那种自由并非真正的自由,它让现代人陷于孤独和无能为力的境地。本文从弗洛姆对自由的理解出发,探讨了现代人既渴望自由又逃避自由的根源以及解决这种精神困境的出路,[…] N2 - Is the essence of human freedom, the pursuit of freedom is an inherent demand for individual growth and development, human history is a history of constant pursuit of personal freedom. However, through the study of modern capitalist society, Fromm believes that the kind of freedom in the modern historical process we have obtained is not true freedom, which help people trapped in loneliness and impotence. This article Fromm understanding of freedom, discusses the modern desire for freedom and escape both the root causes of freedom and the way out to solve this spirit, which is in the social transition period for Chinese people also have significant implications. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Shanrui T1 - The Book >The Art of Loving< [《爱的艺术》读后感] N2 - 弗洛姆生于德国的法兰克福,二十世纪二十年代是闻名的>法兰克福学派<成员之一。他认为现代人是靠幻想活着的,因为只有幻想才能使人忍受现实的生活。所以人获取解放的基本条件必须先意识到这一点,然后就能用自己的力量去改变现实,从而摆脱幻想,达到个人和社会的变化。在本书中他反复强调对人类存在这一问题的真正、全面的回答是要在爱中实现人与人之间的统一。作者认为爱情并不是一种与人的成熟度无关的感情,而是一门可以通过训练自己的纪律、集中和耐心学到手的一门艺术。 N2 - Fromm was born in Frankfurt, Germany, in the 1920s was a member of the famous >Frankfurt School<. He believes that modern man is alive by the fantasy, because only fantasy to real life people endure. So people get liberated basic conditions must be aware of this, and then be able to use their own power to change reality, to get rid of illusions, to personal and social change. In this book, he repeatedly stressed the problem of human existence truly comprehensive answer is to achieve unity between people in love. Authors believe that love is not a man of maturity has nothing to do with feelings, but one can train their own discipline, focus and patience Xue Daoshou of an art. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Lili T1 - Cultural Conflict in the >Self< and >Other< – The Image of Black Women in >The Bluest Eye< [文化冲突下>自我<与>他者<的探求——解析《最蓝的眼睛》中的黑人女性形象] [application of Fromm's theories to art]. JF - Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences Edition) [长春理工大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 3 (2014), pp. 158-159. N2 - [托尼•莫里森的作品大多着力描绘白人强势文化与黑人族裔文化冲突下,黑人女性对其个人身份和民族身份的困惑与迷茫。在此运用弗洛姆的人性异化论,着重分析《最蓝的眼睛》中黑人女性遭遇的身份探求困境,其中的大多数成为被边缘化的>他者<,徘徊于主流文化之外。黑人女性只有保持>自我<,认同自己的民族身份,才能保持人格与人性上的独立。 ] N2 - Toni Morrison's works mostly depict whites strong focus on culture and the culture of ethnic conflict under black, black women of their personal identity and national identity confusion and confusion. In this use Fromm human alienation, focusing on the analysis of identity, >The Bluest Eye< in the quest for black women encounter difficulties, most of which become marginalized >other<, hovering outside the mainstream culture. Only black women remain >self<, to identify with their ethnic identity in order to remain independent on the personality and humanity. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Jingjing T1 - On the Theory of >Sick Man< by Fromm [试论弗洛姆的>病态人<理论] JF - Journal of Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University [福建师大福清分校学报], No. 6 (2014), pp. 59-64. N2 - 西方马克思主义者弗洛姆一生致力于>人<的研究,他融汇社会学、心理学、伦理学等多种学说,主要从精神分析的角度,考察现代人的生存状况。弗洛姆认为,现代社会是一不健全的病态社会,生活其中的现代人大多是>病态人<,其病症包括施虐与受虐、破坏心理、丢失自我、重占有思想等等。他希望通过重塑理性信仰、发展创制性人格、汲取爱的能量等方式来>治愈>这些病态人 N2 - The Western Marxist Fromm devoted his life to the research of >individual<. Blending the theory of sociology, psychology, ethics, etc., he inspects the condition of modern people mainly from the perspective of psychoanalysis. Fromm believes that modern society is an unhealthy society, where most modern people are >sick man<, whose symptoms including sadism and masochism, destruction, loss of self, being obsessed with possession and so on. He hopes to regain the rational belief, develop creative personality and absorb the energy of love to >cure< these sick people. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Hongyu T1 - The Roots of Modern Sports Dissimilation and Transcend – Based on the Study of Fromm’s >Free Alienation Theory< [现代体育异化的根源及其超越——基于弗洛姆自由异化理论的探析] JF - Nanjing Sport Institute (Social Science) [南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)], No. 1 (2014), pp. 45-49. N2 - [>自由异化理论<是弗洛姆运用精神分析哲学分析社会问题的经典思想。研究基于对弗洛姆哲学思想的解读,运用自由异化理论对现代体育的异化加以审视。认为现代体育的异化源自于其行为主体——人的心理机制的异化,具体表现为现代体育中的极权主义、破坏欲及舍己趋同等逃避自由的行为。应通过提倡交往理性、克服人的物化、建立人道主义的民主等途径来培养健全的人,只有实现人对异化的超越才能促使体育本真的复归。] N2 - >Free alienation theory< is the classical thought of Fromm exerting the mental philosophy on the analysis of social problems. Based on the interpretation of Fromm’s philosophy, the root and ways of people’s psychological alienation is analyzed and modern sports dissimilation is inspected. Modern sports dissimilation is originated from behavioral agent-psychological mechanism dissimilation, which is represented as behaviors of escaping from freedom, such as totalitarianism of modern sports, the desire to destroy and Self-denial convergence. We should call for communicative rationality, overcome the human materialization, and establish the humanitarian of democracy in order to cultivate healthy people. Only if we realize the transcendence of dissimilation, the sports nature can be returned. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Fan T1 - Combining Marx’s and Freud’s Thought in the >Social Unconscious< Theory [论>社会无意识<语境下马克思与弗洛伊德思想的结合] JF - Jin Tian. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是弗洛伊德主义马克思主义的卓越代表,他将马克思主义哲学与精神分析的心理学相结合,形成了著名的>社会无意识<理论,作为两种理论的创新结合体,该理论具有重要的范式意义。 N2 - Erich Fromm is an excellent representative of Freudian Marxist, he would Marxist philosophy and psychoanalysis psychology combine to form the famous >social unconscious< theory, as the two innovative combination of species theory, this theory has important significance paradigm. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Duo T1 - >Positive Freedom and >Negative Freedom< — Fromm’s View of Freedom and His Response to Berlin’s Critique [>积极自由<与>消极自由<——弗洛姆自由思想及其对伯林的回应 JF - Journal of Central South University (Social Science) [中南大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 3 (2014), p. 58-62. N2 - 弗洛姆对>积极自由<与>消极自由<的区分,具有着重要的伦理与政治意义。其自由概念的实质是通过人的本质力量的发展来反对外在权威,提倡通过人自身发展与社会条件的改善实现真正的自由,孜孜以求人的自由发展。伯林的自由概念的实质则是阻止权威的入侵,摆脱任何形式的束缚,体现对最低限度的个人自由不可侵犯的神圣信仰。伯林在《自由论》中对弗洛姆的>积极自由<进行了批判,他认为>积极自由<最终会走向自由的反面,导致人自由的丧失,而只有>消极自由<才能确保人的自由和权利。弗洛姆从人的发展与潜能实现的角度认为,>积极自由<在逻辑上已包含了>消极自由<,>消极自由>是实现>积极自由<的必要条件,但只有>积极自由<才能保障人之自由的全面实现。这是弗洛姆对伯林等西方自由主义的最好回应。弗洛姆的>积极自由<更符合人的本性,更能代表人类发展的趋势和要求。 N2 - Fromm's distinction between >positive freedom< and >negative freedom< is of great ethical and political significance. The essence of his concept of freedom is to oppose external authority through the development of man's essential powers, to advocate true freedom through man's own development and the improvement of social conditions, and to strive for the free development of man. The essence of Isaiah Berlin’s concept of freedom is to prevent the invasion of authority, to free oneself from any form of bondage, and to embody the sacred belief in the inviolability of a minimum of individual freedom. In his >Theory of Liberty<, Berlin criticizes Fromm's >positive freedom<, which he argues is ultimately the opposite of liberty, leading to the loss of human freedom, while only 'negative liberty' can ensure human freedom and rights. From the perspective of human development and potential realization, Fromm argues that 'positive freedom' logically encompasses >negative freedom< and that >negative freedom< is a necessary condition for the realization of >positive freedom<, but that only >positive freedom< can guarantee the full realization of human freedom. This is Fromm's best response to Western liberalism, such as Berlin's. Fromm's >positive freedom< is more in line with human nature and better represents the trend and requirements of human development. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Bo T1 - Sex between Official and Unofficial – Xiangxi Miao Hui Field Observation Bazaar [官方性与非官方性之间——湘西苗寨墟场集市观察] JF - Beijing Planning Review [北京规划建设], No. 1 (2014), pp. 116-123. N2 - 引言自发性:官方性与非官方性的二元博弈正如弗洛姆在《逃避自由》中指出的,>自发性是心理学的最大难题<1,自发一词的拉丁词根为sponte,字面含义为人的自由意志,它不是强制活动,也不是机器人的活动,而是一种>创造性的活动特征<。在弗洛姆看来,>自发性是文化中的罕见现象<,而在艺术家和小孩身上表现最为突出。然而,若从建筑学角度来看,自发性空间和自发性活动的含义并不完全指向自由活动本身,自发性空间滋生了自发性活动,而自发性活动又改造了自发性空间,由此发生了空间与活动的微观互动。首先它是动态的平衡关系,是微观主客体不断相互调整的历时性过程;其次,自发性隐 N2 - Introduction spontaneity: the official and unofficial nature of the game, as Fromm duality in >Escape from Freedom< noted, >spontaneity is the biggest problem of psychology<, a term spontaneous the Latin root for sponte, the literal meaning of human free will, it is not a mandatory activity, nor is active robot, but a >creative activity characteristics<. In Fromm's view, >the rare spontaneous cultural phenomenon<, while artists and children who are most prominent. However, if the architectural point of view, the meaning of spontaneity space and spontaneous activity is not entirely free activities point to itself, spontaneous space breeding ground for spontaneous activity, and spontaneous activity has transformed the space for spontaneity, which occurred microscopic interaction of space and activities. First, it is a dynamic balance between the main object is constantly microscopic diachronic process of mutual adjustment; secondly, spontaneous hidden […] [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zehl Römern, Christiane T1 - Anna Seghers in Heidelberg JF - Markus Bitterolf, Oliver Schlaudt und Stefan Schöbel (Eds.): Intellektuelle in Heidelberg 1910-1933. Ein Lesebuch, Heidelberg (Edition Schöbel), 2014, pp. 293-304. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Zambrano, Yuri T1 - Artaud y Fromm: Del Misantropismo Zen a la Locura, México D.F. (Telaraña Editores) 2014. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zadoff, Noam T1 - Der Maskentanz: Gershom Scholem, Hannah Arendt und der Eichmann Prozess JF - G. Necker, E. Morlok, M. Morgenstern, 2014: Gershom Sholem in Deutschland. Zwischen Seelenverwandtschaft und Sprachlosigkeit, Tübingen (Mohr Siebeck) 2014, pp. 145-166. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zachrisson, Anders T1 - Ethical breaches and deviations of method in psychoanalysis: A heuristic model for the differentiation of boundary transgressions in psychoanalytic work JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Abingdon (Routledge - Taylor and Francis) Vol. 23 (No. 4, 2014), pp. 246-252. N2 - The boundary concept has been central to discussions on ethics and psychoanalysis over the past few decades. The main distinction has been between less malignant boundary crossings and more harmful violations. More recently, the concept has been criticized as not discriminating between technique and ethics. The author argues that these problems are connected to the way the boundary concept is defined. He suggests that it is specified to indicate a delimitation of an analytic area of conduct. In an analogous manner, an area of ethical conduct is framed by a boundary between ethical and unethical actions in the treatment situation. The analytic area has a narrower limitation than ethics and a stricter articulation of its concept of attitude; not all unanalytic actions are unethical. This simple model of interpersonally specified boundaries allows us to discriminate between different kinds of transgression in analytic work. In addition to violations and crossings, a third instance is described denoting a transgression of the analytic but not the ethical boundary. These can be called boundary stretchings, and are either intended or unintended deviations of method. The slippery slope mechanism of ethical misconduct is an imminent risk if boundary stretchings are ignored and not subject to scrutiny and analysis. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yuan, Luoya T1 - A Review of Fromm’s Social-personality Theory [弗洛姆>社会性格<理论述评] JF - Journal of Harbin University [哈尔滨学院学报], No. 1 (2014), pp. 20-24. N2 - [作为弗洛伊德主义的马克主义者,埃里希•弗洛姆创建了>社会心理<分析思想,文章对其思想体系中的社会性格理论展开了述评,梳理了社会性格的概念、形成、类型和功用,简析了在理论与实践上社会性格理论所具备的重大意义。] N2 - As a Freudian Marxist, Erich Fromm developed >social psychoanalysis theory<, which is introduced and reviewed in this essay mainly concerning social-personality theory. The significance, theoretically and practically, of this theory is analyzed in terms of the concept, formation, type and function. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yousefi, Hamid Reza T1 - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der interkulturellen Kommunikation am Beispiel des Vorurteils JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 18 / 2014, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 103-107. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d18/2014y Y1 - 2014 VL - d18/2014y ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yorukoglu, Ilgin T1 - >One Has to Belong, Somehow<: Acts of Belonging at the Intersection of Ethnicity, Sexuality, and Citizenship JF - L. Chancer and J. Andrews (Eds.), The Unhappy Divorce of Sociology and Psychoanalysis. Diverse Perspectives on the Psychosocial (Studies in the Psychosocial, ed. by Peter Redman), New York (Palgrave Macmillan) 2014, pp. 401-414. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yerushalmi, Hanoch T1 - On regression and supervision JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Abingdon (Routledge - Taylor and Francis) Vol. 23 (No. 4, 2014), pp. 229-237- N2 - The centrality of the supervisory relationship to the professional development of supervisees may encourage dependency needs and regressive wishes. This process may undermine the delicate balance in supervision between an optimal didactic tension and an atmosphere of calmness and security. The present paper advises supervisors to take into account the gap in power and interests between their supervisees and themselves, and the temptation that may arise within them to use their supervisees' regression in order to avoid resistance. Such awareness will help them make controlled and appropriate use of such analytic powers and maintain the balance between supervisees' >regressive selves< and >mature selves.< In addition, a perception of supervisory relations as a space of mutual alternating regressive states is offered as an important aspect of supervisor–supervisee communication. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ye, Lei T1 - Evil and Evil Aesthetics - Reading >Aesthetic Evil Course: A Romantic Interpretation< [恶的美学与美学的恶——读《恶的美学历程:一种浪漫主义解读》][application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 哲学家弗洛姆曾说:>凡服务于生者为善,凡服务于死者为恶。<如果坚持伦理学的取向,>恶<根本就不可能有美学的价值。然而>美<,并不是客观唯物的,而是主观唯心的,它是人们对自己的需求被满足时所产生的愉悦反应的反应,在这个角度,>恶<又不失去一种美学的可能。正因为如此,黑格尔关于>恶<的美学,便充满了矛盾,一方面,他认为恶是>乏味的、无意义的<,不允许成为艺术的对象;另一方面,黑格尔又说:>假如他 N2 - Philosopher Erich Fromm said: >Where the service is good for the living, the dead who serve evil<. If you insist on ethical orientation, >evil< simply do not have aesthetics value. However, >the United States< is not an objective materialist, but subjective idealism, it is people's reactions to pleasant reaction was to meet their needs arising, in this point of view, >evil< without losing the possibility of an aesthetic . Because of this, Hegel on the >evil< of aesthetics, it is full of contradictions, on the one hand, he believes that evil is >boring, meaningless<, is not allowed to become art objects; on the other hand, Hegel again said: >If they […] [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Xiang T1 - Escape from Freedom of Evelyne – James Joyce's >Eveline< Interpretation According to Fromm [逃避自由的伊芙琳——詹姆斯•乔伊斯的《伊芙琳》之弗洛姆式解读] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Yalujiang Literature Monthly (The Second Half of the Month) [鸭绿江(下半月版)], No. 2 (2014), pp. 3-4. N2 - 本文从弗洛姆的自由观来深度解读伊芙琳行为及心理上的变化历程,从精神分析层面揭示了她放弃与弗兰克私奔的原因之所在。即主人公追求自由但不能够直面随着而来的孤独和恐惧,为了生存最终只能放弃个体自我,竭力逃避自由。 N2 - To interpret this paper Evelyne's behavior and psychological changes in the course of Fromm's concept of freedom from the depth, from the spiritual level of analysis reveals that she eloped with Frank abandon reason lies. Namely, the pursuit of freedom, but the hero can not come face with loneliness and fear, only to give up in order to survive the final individual self, trying to escape from freedom. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Tong T1 - About the Influence of Marx’s Concept of Freedom to Fromm’s Theory [论马克思自由观对弗洛姆自由观的影响], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 2014. N2 - 由作为每个人毕生所追求的理想生活状态,在不同的历史时期都受到研究者的关注。自由问题在马克思和弗洛姆的思想中同样占据着重要位置,但国内学者对二者自由观的关系关注较少。马克思的自由观立足于社会实践,经历了从>抽象自由<到>具体自由<的发展过程。他从现实生活中寻找>自由<的载体,在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中用>现实的人<代替了费尔巴哈意义上的>自然人<和某种超乎于人的神灵或绝对精神。在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思更加具体地把自由观建立在物质生产劳动的基础上,把自由看作随社会进程的推进而不断发展的动态过程。弗洛姆的自由观认为,当人们脱离母体这一>始发纽带<后便开始了个体化进程。个体化进程走得越远,个体受>始发纽带<的约束就越小,人们就会越自由。但随着人的社会化过程,社会的复杂性会对自由带来新的羁绊。在资本主义社会,人们表面上虽然摆脱了诸多束缚,但在心理上却陷入了空前的孤独与焦虑。人们为了逃避这种心理困境便选择了逃避自由。马克思在自由的内在规定性与研究方法方面都对弗洛姆产生了一定的影响。内在规定性主要包括马克思研究自由问题时所运用的异化理论,对自由载体的界定,以及在批判基础上对理想自由目标的规划及其自由的可实现性。这些都对弗洛姆研究中世纪与现代社会人类自由问题提供了可借鉴的视域。除此之外,弗洛姆在研究人类自由的历史唯物主义分析方法上对马克思也进行了评价与借鉴。弗洛姆认为马克思的历史唯物理论是人类思想史中对了解社会发展规律所作出的最持久最重要的贡献。当然,在受马克思研究方法的基础上,弗洛姆也有一定的创新之处,把自由纳入到了心理学范畴,从心理学的角度对自由予以了解读。 N2 - [Freedom as the pursuit of each person about ideal life state, different historical periods attracts scholars’ attention. Freedom in Marx and Fromm’s thought also occupies the important position, but the domestic scholars’ research rarely involved the comparison of the two kinds of freedom. Marx’s freedom idea based on social practice, has experienced from >abstract freedom< to >specific freedom< evolutionary process. Marx looking for the carrier of >freedom< from real life, he used >realistic people< to replace the emotional sense of the >natural person> and some other gods or absolute spirit. Marx’s idea of freedom based on material production labor, considers freedom along with the advancement of society and the dynamic process of continuous development. Fromm thought when people began leave the >initial bond< it means the beginning of individualized process. Individual process move further, the individual bound by >originating link< the less, people will get freer. But as the complexity of the social development, although people of capitalist society break away from the strictures on the surface, but people trap an unprecedented loneliness and anxiety psychologically. In order to avoid this kind of psychological predicament, people chose to escape from freedom. - The inherent regularity and research ways of Marx’ freedom has produced certain influence to Fromm’s freedom. The inherent regularity mainly includes the alienation theory when Marx research freedom problem, the definition of free freedom carrier, and the plan about the ideal dreamboat that based on the criticism and the reliability of freedom. The research of Fromm’s middle ages and modern society freedom can be drawn lessons from these points. In addition, Fromm evaluate and reference the historical materialism research methodology of Marx’ freedom. Fromm thought that Marx’s historical materialism theory is the most persistent and the most important contribution in the human history. Of course, except reference Marx’ research methods, Fromm also has the certain innovation. He put the freedom into the psychological category to analyze. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Qian T1 - Spiritual Salvation – >The Remains of The Day< and Humanistic Studies [精神的救赎 – 《长日留痕》之人本主义研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2014 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 英籍日裔作家石黑一雄是当代最著名的英国小说家之一,年轻时即享誉文坛,曾被英国皇室授勋为文学骑士,并获法国艺术文学骑士勋章。石黑一雄以细腻优美的文笔著称,擅长描写帝国、阶级、回忆、失去等主题。其代表作《长日留痕》获1989年布克文学奖。该小说以第一人称讲述了一位典型的英国管家史蒂文斯的故事。他压抑内心情感,盲目效忠被纳粹利用的没落贵族达林顿勋爵达三十五年之久。直至暮年的一次西部乡村旅行,史蒂文斯回顾过去,方才意识到一直以来自己犹如惟命是从的机器人,沉湎于追求>尊严<而牺牲了个人情感。在旅行将尽之时,史蒂文斯醒悟应该积极度过余生。一经出版,《长日留痕》立刻受到国外学者、评论家的高度关注,研究主要围绕人物角色、后殖民语境、回忆主题及叙事策略等角度进行。在中国,对石黑一雄及其文学作品的研究不如国外成熟,但国内学者已开始把目光投向这位国际作家。然而,总体来说,研究角度和国外大体一致。毫无疑问,《长日留痕》体现了石黑一雄对现代人生存困境细致入微的刻画,对人性的敏锐洞悉,因此,深入探究主人公史蒂文斯的精神救赎之路具有重要意义。而20世纪著名心理学家、社会学家、哲学家埃里希•弗洛姆关于现代西方人生存困境的>人本主义<理论为这一研究提供了理论支撑。本论文即是尝试运用弗洛姆的人本主义解析《长日留痕》中史蒂文斯的精神危机,探讨造成此境遇的内外部原因及可能的救赎之路。全文分为六个部分,由引言、四章正文及结论组成。引言概述石黑一雄的生平及其主要文学创作,重点介绍《长日留痕》及目前国内外对其研究的现状,进而提出本论文的研究意义,即深入解读主人公的精神危机,并揭示石黑一雄对人性的深刻洞察以及对现代人生存状况的真切关怀。第一章是本文的理论基础,介绍埃里希•弗洛姆的生平,并详述其人本主义思想。弗洛姆试图用人本主义调和马克思主义和弗洛伊德学说,以关于人的处境的学说为整个思想体系的逻辑起点,总结人的基本需要,分析不同的社会性格,重点关注现代西方人的生存困境与精神危机:逃避自由及异化,并提出通过成熟的爱和创造性活动,这种根植于人内心深处的强大动力,人类或能改善现在的处境。第二章具体分析史蒂文斯严重的精神危机。立志成为一名像父亲一样的伟大的管家,史蒂文斯选择依附于显赫的家族,屈从于主人的权威,并自信其艰辛努力>为历史进步贡献了一份力量<。与史蒂文斯在面对权威时表现出的受虐冲动相应的是他在同职业的人群中的机械趋同倾向,完全丧失个性和自我。除了消极的逃避自由机制,史蒂文斯还与父亲及曾经的女管家肯顿小姐疏离,与自己异化。时间的错失与爱情的悲剧,以及长久的精神困境使斯蒂文斯这个虽是虚构的人物具有了普世追问人性的意义。第三章解析造成斯蒂文斯精神困境的外在和内在原因。弗洛姆认为,人的生死是不可改变的,尽管人被赋予无限的潜能,但短暂的生命却剥夺了其完全实现自我的可能。除了不可消除的存在背反,匿名权威也隐蔽性地干预着史蒂文斯的性格形成和行为习惯。母爱的缺失使史蒂文斯仅在象征法律、秩序、纪律的父爱下成长,阻碍了其与女性的交际。此外,史蒂文斯接受性和市场性的性格促使他与周围人保持距离,仅以主人所需为中心,而占有性的生活方式更使其失去活力,加重情感异化的危机。第四章探索了斯蒂文斯精神救赎的可能性途径。弗洛姆建议,通过成熟的爱和创造性活动,人体验到自我作为独立个体的力量,赋予与他接触的>物<以生命。旅途中的所见所闻,让史蒂文斯发现自然世界的美丽,感受到陌生人的热情。他重新审视自我,决定应该停止无休止地追溯往事,积极乐观地享受剩余的时光,去爱,去创造。史蒂文斯对未来的热切期望,对一度迷失的灵魂的救赎既令人欣慰,又鼓舞人心。基于以上分析和讨论,结论部分指出,史蒂文斯的重生,对未来的关注,是对所有经历过或经历着精神危机的现代人的警醒,体现了石黑一雄对现代人精神生活的深切关怀以及对人性的深邃思索。石黑一雄的作品是多维度的,涵义具有多层性,而对《长日留痕》的人本主义解读对于现代社会及现代人都有一定的实际意义,即如何实现人类精神的健康,实现人的全面发展。 N2 - Japanese-British novelist Kazuo Ishiguro is one of the most celebrated contemporary fiction writers in the English-speaking world, being appointed OBE for contributions to literature in1995 and awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture in1998. He is famous for exquisite and elegant style of writing and expert in themes of empire, class, memory, loss and so on. His representative piece, >The Remains of the Day< , winning the Man Booker Prize for Literature in1989, is narrated from the first person point of view about a quintessential English butler Stevens. Extremely obedient and emotional lyre pressed, Stevens blindly serves, for thirty-five years, the declining aristocratic Lord Darlington who had been taken advantage of by the Nazis. Until the motoring trip to West Country in his twilight years, Stevens reviews the past, becomes aware of his sacrifices for pursuit of >dignity< and realizes that he should be positive in his remain days. Ever since its publication The Remains of the Day has been studied by scholars abroad from various perspectives and researches are mainly concentrated on character analysis, postcolonial context, aspects of memory, narrative strategies and so on. Although in China, Kazuo Ishiguro and his literary works have not received as much attention as in foreign critical circle, scholars begin to turn their interest to the study of this world-famous writer as his reputation rises steadily. In general, researches at home are mainly carried out with similar approaches as abroad. Undoubtedly, The Remains of the Day embodies Ishiguro’s pains taking observation of modern living situations and genuine concern for human nature. Thus, to study the protagonist’s spiritual predicaments and salvation is of great significance. And to fill this vacancy, Erich Fromm’s humanism, aiming to solve modern man’s existential plight, can be adopted as the theoretical framework. - This thesis attempts to analyze the protagonist Stevens’ spiritual crises, to explore both external and internal causes of his spiritual predicaments and search for possible ways to Stevens’ spiritual salvation. This article consists of four main sections apart from introduction and conclusion. Introduction presents a general overview of Kazuo Ishiguro and his literary achievements, chiefly focusing on The Remains of the Day, present studies and comments at home and abroad, and significance of this thesis, proposing a further reading of Stevens’ spiritual crises and salvation, and revealing Ishiguro’s keen insight into human nature and deep concern for modern man’s existence. - Chapter One introduces briefly about Erich Fromm, the internationally renowned psychologist, sociologist and humanistic philosopher, and elaborately explains the main concept of his humanism. As a unique blend of Marxism and Freudianism, Fromm’s humanism starts with analysis of human being’s living conditions, summarizes man’s basic needs and different types of social characters and primarily concerns with modern westerners’ spiritual dilemma: escape from freedom and alienation. To shed a light on modern man’s wretched living situations, Fromm regards mature love and productive activity as an effective medicine, powerful and incredible strength incarnated in man and innermost strivings of human beings. - Chapter Two provides a detailed analysis of Stevens’ severe spiritual crises. During his lifelong pursuit of being a great butler of dignity and keeping with his position like his father, Stevens has chosen to attach to a distinguished household, submitted himself to Lord Darlington’s authority, and narcissistically confirmed that his efforts have >comprised a contribution to the course of history<. Corresponding to Stevens’ masochistic strivings towards authorities is his automaton conformity with the group who share the same profession at the cost of his self and individuality. In addition to negative escape mechanisms, Stevens has been estranged from his fellow men, especially the most intimate two, his father and one-time love Miss Kenton, and has been alienated from him as well. His tragic loss of time and love, and his enduring process of spiritual crises sublimate the particular fictional figure into general meaning. - Chapter Three probes causes of Stevens’ spiritual predicaments from both external and internal as-pects. According to Fromm, man’s birth into the world and his eventual death is unalterable, and although man is endowed with unlimited potentials, his short life span leaves him no time to com-pletely fulfill them. Along with the insoluble existential dichotomy, anonymous authority covertly intervenes in Stevens’ character cultivation and daily performance. Moreover, absence of maternal love leaves Stevens under sole guidance of his father, who stands for law and order, discipline and world of thought, and thwarts Stevens’ association of female figures. Besides, receptive and marketing orientation of Stevens’ character results in his indifference to fellow men and employer-centered attitude. His having mode of life further deprives him of aliveness and exacerbates his alienation of affections. - Chapter Four comes up with possible ways to Stevens’ spiritual salvation. Through mature love and productive activity, one experiences himself as an independent entity of his own strength, and brings life to other people and to things at the same time. What Stevens sees and hears during the six-day trip leads him to rediscover the beauty of nature, the hospitality of strangers, reexamine both himself and his old days and eventually determines to cease introspection and actively look into the future, to love and to create. Stevens’ optimistic expectation for a fresh beginning manifests his redemption of the once lost soul, which is comforting and inspiring. - Based on above analysis and discussion, conclusion points out that Stevens’ rebirth to concentrate on his remaining years serves as an encouragement for all human beings who have been undergoing spiritual crises. It expresses Ishiguro’s genuine care for modern man’s spiritual state and profound thought of human nature. While significances of Ishiguro’s productions are multidimensional, capable of several levels of meanings, last but not least, the humanistic interpretation of The Remains of the Day possesses certain practical meaning to both modern society and modern man, like how to be sane and how to realize the comprehensive development of human beings. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Pan T1 - Erich Fromm's Escape from Freedom Psychological Mechanism [浅析弗洛姆的逃避自由心理机制] N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是法兰克福学派的代表人,他既是弗洛伊德的学生,也是马克思的信徒,但不是二人纯粹的信仰者。弗洛姆反对弗洛伊德的一些观点,同时还试图用心理学来补充马克思主义,力图将这两大思想体系调和起来,因而在思想上对二者既有所继承又有所发展。弗洛姆在分析人类>逃避自由<时,结合了弗洛伊德的精神分析观念和马克思主义的社会视角,在揭示人类精神生存困境的同时又对现代社会进行了批判。 N2 - Erich Fromm is representative of the Frankfurt School, he is a student of Freud, Marx also a believer, but not two pure believers. Freud Fromm oppose some of the points, but also tried to use psychology to supplement Marxism, trying to reconcile these two ideologies, thus ideologically on both inherited both have developed. Fromm in the analysis of human >Escape from Freedom<, a combination of Freud's psychoanalytic ideas of Marxism and social perspective, the survival of the human spirit in revealing the plight of modern society at the same time criticized. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Lu T1 - Study on Fromm’s Thoughts about Humanization of Technological Society [弗洛姆技术人道化思想研究], Master thesis, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Chang'an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2014. N2 - 人类在浩瀚宇宙中自强不息地前行至今,技术毋庸置疑在历史长河中为人类社会发展担起了不可替代的保驾护航的重任。放眼二十一世纪的人类世界,现代技术系统已达到前所未有的制高点,并在世界各国高度重视科学技术创新及科研成果水平能力的发展模式下飞速行驶,技术这把双刃剑在人类手中的权重愈发倾向于技术统领人类的地位,即技术异化的产生。异化现象早在原始社会末期就已出现,近代则把这种现象提到理论高度来认识,在异化活动中,人的能动性丧失了,遭到异己的物质力量或精神力量的奴役,从而使人的个性不能全面发展,只能片面发展,甚至畸形发展。在资本主义社会里,异化达到最严重的程度,尤其是技术的异化。人们使用技术的目的是为人服务,但技术给人类带来巨大利益的同时,也给人类带来了灾难,甚至于成为一种异己的、敌对的力量,危害社会、反制人类,人们利用技术创造出来的对象物,不但不是对人的本质力量和人的实践过程的积极肯定,而是反过来成为影响和压抑人的本质的力量。技术本是满足人不断增长的愿望的手段,在异化状态下,技术已日益成为超出人类控制的,甚至是支配、统治人类与社会的外在力量。它导致了人的物化和自由的丧失,精神的空虚和人格的分裂,泯灭了人们劳动的价值。人不再是掌握控制技术的主人,而成为了被迫适应科技社会要求的工具。美籍德裔人本主义哲学家、精神分析学家埃里希.弗洛姆的技术人道化思想是众多为人文终极关怀主义的技术哲学思潮之一,他一生致力于实现设想中的以人道主义技术服务人类为主要特征的人性化社会,其众多哲学著作均以心理学和社会学角度以一名极富道德责任感的社会诊疗师身份运用其人道主义思想诊断出当代西方资本主义工业社会中种种异化现象并将之大多归因于技术的异化,并对症下药,开出药方,进而提出一系列诊疗方案即实现技术社会人道化的具体步骤,目的将技术重新纳入人的控制之中,最终促成乌托邦式健全社会的构建。因此,潜入心理学领域中对人性的挖掘和容身技术哲学领域中对技术的批判便成了弗洛姆整个人道主义技术观的重要核心部分。本文的从弗洛姆人道化伦理的角度审视现代工业社会技术,又从技术的角度的分析弗洛姆人道化思想的价值和局限,以便为我们的学术和实践提供一点有价值的思考。 N2 - In the vast universe of human improvement so far, no doubt, the technology has taken up the irreplaceable task of escorting the development of human society, in the long history past. Looking at the human world in the twenty-first century, the modern technology system has reached an unprecedented high point, and it is still speeding quickly under the development model of innovation and scientific research ability of all over the world. The technology, a double-edged sword in the hands of human beings, has been tended increasingly to command upon them, the so-called technical alienation. The German-American philosopher of humanism, psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, with his humanitarian perspective, explore the common resolution of the humanity and technology, which is exactly a typical manifestation of the awareness of the crisis of the technology’s gradual domination, instead of being created and serving the human beings. In the field of technical philosophy, how to return the original nature of the technology and maintain its current state of advanced development level is still a difficult problem. Human desire is to use the technology with its original nature, in order to solve all the kinds of crises triggered by the technical overdrafts. - Erich Fromm’s human-technology idea is one of the technical philosophical thoughts of humanistic ultimate concern. He devoted his life to achieve the envisaged humanitarian technical society, the publication of >Hope of the revolution-leading to humane technology< made a systematic exposition of his critical theories of technology, with a strong humanitarian color. He wrote his philosophical writings, as a social therapist with moral responsibility, using his humanitarian ideas, diagnosed the alienation of the contemporary western capitalist industrial society, prescribe the right medicine, and then made a series of humane treatment program, in order to put the technology back into the control of its owner, and eventually to build a sound utopian society. Therefore, sneaking into the field of psychology and exploring the human nature, and the critics of the technology in the field of the philosophy, has become an important part of the overall humanitarian Fromm concept. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Yue T1 - Research on Fromm’s Sound Social Thought [弗洛姆健全社会思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2014. N2 - 弗洛姆从人性的角度出发,考察资本主义社会繁荣背后的精神失衡状况,分析出病态社会使人产生心理疾病的根源——异化,批判了资本主义社会将人变成>物<的现象:工人失去了自由思想和创造性,消费者失去了购买商品的自主性,选民失去了独立思考的能力。基于此,弗洛姆从经济、政治、文化教育等方面提出了对理想社会的构想——健全的社会。在他看来,只有健全的社会即以人为中心的社会才能真正实现和谐与可持续发展。虽然弗洛姆没有像马克思那样植根于人类社会历史领域、从生产力和阶级属性出发去考察资本主义社会的基本矛盾,从而提出解决社会弊病的科学方法即进行无产阶级革命。然而不可否认,健全社会思想的提出在重视人类的心理健康、改造主观世界、建立爱和创造型社会等方面丰富和发展了马克思社会发展理论,对坚持和发展马克思主义具有重要意义。 N2 - Fromm from the human point of view, mental imbalances investigation behind the prosperity of a capitalist society, to analyze the root causes of morbid society engender mental illness-alienation, criticism of capitalist society to the phenomenon of people into >objects<: workers lost their freedom of thought and creativity, consumers buy goods lost autonomy, voters lose the ability to think independently. Based on this, Fromm from the economic, political, cultural and educational aspects put forward the idea of an ideal society-sound social. In his view, the only sound social that is people-centered society to realize the harmonious and sustainable development. Although Marx did not like Fromm rooted in the history of the field of human society, from productivity and class attributes to examine the basic contradictions of capitalist society, which made the scientific method to solve the social ills that proletarian revolution. Admittedly, however, put forward ideas to enrich and improve the social development of the Marxist theory of social development in the importance of human mental health, subjective world, the establishment of social love and creative aspects of upholding and developing Marxism is important. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Ting T1 - Fromm’s Consumer Alienation Theory and Its Contemporary Enlightenment [弗洛姆消费异化理论及其当代启示] JF - Youth Literature [青年文学家], No. 24 (2014), pp. 194. N2 - 现代社会,人们普遍感到消费脱离了自身的现实需求,一定意义上消费就是为了显示自己的存在,消费由手段成为目的,这就是消费异化。弗洛姆在《健全的社会》中对这种异化现象原因及其影响进行了深入独到的剖析,指出唯有通过人道化的消费以及健康的消费,才能实现对消费异化的扬弃。准确认识弗洛姆消费异化理论,对分析我国现代社会中的消费现象,树立健康的消费观,推动社会主义现代化建设具有重要的意义 N2 - Modern society, people generally feel that consumer demand from its own reality, a certain sense, the consumer is to show their presence, consumption by means become an end, which is the consumer alienation. Fromm in >healthy society< The reason for this alienation and its influence has been unique in-depth analysis, pointing out that only through humane and healthy consumer spending, in order to achieve consumer alienation of abandoning. Fromm accurate understanding of consumer alienation theory, analysis of the phenomenon of the modern consumer society, establish a healthy consumption concept, promoting the socialist modernization of great significance. [automatic translation] 。 Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Ruirong A1 - Shi, Chunhua T1 - Revelation of Fromm’s Love Theory for Mental Health Education [弗洛姆爱的理论对大学生心理健康教育的启示] JF - Higher Education of Sanjiang University [三江高教], No. 3 (2014), pp. 76-80. N2 - 弗洛姆认为爱是一种能力,只有努力发展自己的全部人格并达到一种创造性倾向,才能获得这种能力。大学阶段是人格塑造的关键时期,人际交往和恋爱是大学生生活中的重要内容,如果缺乏爱的能力则很容易在这两方面造成困难,引发心理问题。因此,将弗洛姆爱的理论引入大学生心理健康教育有重要的现实意义。 N2 - Fromm thinks that love is an ability that only strive to develop their full personality and creativity to achieve a tendency to get this capability. College is a critical period Personality, interpersonal and love is an important part of student life, the absence of the ability to love is very likely to cause difficulties in these areas, causing psychological problems. Therefore, the theory Fromm love introducing mental health education has impor¬tant practical significance. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Huifen T1 - The Origin of Fromm’s Class Ethics and Marx's Though [弗洛姆类伦理思想的主旨与马克思人学思想的渊源] JF - Zhejiang Ethics Forum [浙江伦理学论坛], No. 00 (2014), pp. 94-101. N2 - 弗洛姆类伦理思想与马克思的人学思想有着密切的关系。马克思关于人性、人的本质及其能动性,以及社会主义目标等理论对弗洛姆产生了很大的影响。由此,弗洛姆从人性出发,奠定了其类伦理思想始基,认为人的生存是一种社会性的存在。他把生产性作为人解决生存矛盾、实现潜能的动力机制。弗洛姆类伦理思想普遍的价值标准是人的幸福,而幸福是生产性活动的结果,也是生产性活动的激励;幸福是美德的标准,是生产性的充分发展。 N2 - Fromm class ethics and Marxist ideology of human science has a close relationship. Marx's theory of human nature, human nature and initiative, as well as the socialist goals of Fromm had a great impact. Thus, starting from the human Fromm, laying its primordial ethics class that human existence is the existence of a social nature. He productive existence as human beings to solve conflicts, to realize the potential of the dynamic mechanism. Fromm universal values ethics class human happiness, and happiness is the result of productive activities, but also encourage productive activities; happiness is virtue's standards, is fully developed productive. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xiong, Minxiu T1 - Cultivation of Personality in Accordance with Fromm's Humanistic Ethics [弗洛姆人道主义伦理学人格培养浅析] JF - Gordon Tide (The Second Half) [湘潮(下半月)], No. 5 (2014), pp. 38-39. N2 - 自爱是弗洛姆人道主义伦理学的关键范畴之一,是其最高价值和第一原则。自爱与自私相对立,爱己与爱人并不矛盾。人道主义的另一核心是培养人的自信,自信激发人的潜能,理性信仰是自信的表现。德育就是通过培养人们的自爱与自信,激发潜能,以塑造健全的人格和健全的社会。湖南省社科基金项目>哲学咨询与当代哲学教育创新研究<(11YBA202);湖南省社科基金项目>全球化背景下文化渗透与反渗透斗争策略研究<(11YBB165);湖南省教育科学>十二五<规划项目>哲学咨询与生命教育融合互促研究<(XJK01QDY001);湖南省科技厅项目>公共数字文化建设中的文化安全策略研究<(2012SK3108)研究成果 N2 - Self-love is one of the key areas of Fromm's humanistic ethics is its highest value and the first principle. As opposed to self-love and selfishness, love yourself and love are not contradictory. Another key is to train people for humanitarian confidence, the potential to stimulate people's confidence, rational faith is confidence. It is through the cultivation of moral self-love and self-confidence, stimulate the potential to shape the sound personality and a sound society. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xie, Linlin T1 - To Get Rid of >Weeds<, We Must Plant >Crops< – Talking about How to Abandon Non-Love and Build True Love [欲除>杂草<,须种>庄稼<——谈如何摈弃非爱构建真爱] JF - Examination Weekly [考试周刊], No. 91 (2014), p. 172. N2 - 什么是非爱行为?师爱在教育理论中始终处于核心地位,被视为教育的灵魂和本质。夏丏尊认为:>教育之不能没有感情,没有爱,如同池塘没有水一样。没有水,就不能称其为池塘,没有爱就没有教育。<安东尼·华尔士认为,爱意味着主动关心他人的幸福。弗洛姆认为,爱是给予、关心、责任感、尊重和了解。非爱行为是打着爱的旗号让爱的对象按照自己的意愿去做,是以爱的名义对爱的对象进行强制性束缚、限制和控制。 N2 - What is non-loving behavior? Teacher love has always been at the heart of educational theory, and is regarded as the soul and essence of education. According to Xia Hideaway, >Education cannot be without affection, without love, just like a pond without water. Without water, it cannot be called a pond, and without love, there is no education.< According to Anthony Walsh, love means taking an active interest in the well-being of others. According to Fromm, love is giving, caring, responsibility, respect and understanding. Non-loving behavior is to make the object of love do what one wants in the name of love, to bind, restrict and control the object of love coercively in the name of love. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xiao, Yang T1 - Fromm Psychoanalytic Interpretation of the Characters in >King Lear< [《李尔王》中人物形象的弗洛姆心理分析解读] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Science & Technology Information [科技信息], No. 15 (2014), p. 189. N2 - 人文主义者莎士比亚,英国文艺复兴时期最伟大的文学家,在世界文学史上享有盛誉。《李尔王》作为代表莎士比亚最高艺术成就的作品之一,20世纪以来,其地位不断上升,与世纪伊始弗洛伊德所开创的心理分析学派不无关系。心理分析社会文化学派学者弗洛姆将弗洛伊德理论与马克思的社会理论结合起来,创立了人本主义精神分析学,并将心理分析运用到社会历史中去,研究人潜意识、行为、社会环境和历史发展之间相互作用的关系,希望建立一个健全的社会。本文将用弗洛姆的自由观点和人格取向,社会性格和社会潜意识等理论分析《李尔王》中主要人物,尝试综合考虑人物的潜意识和行为,将其放在社会历史的大舞台上进行开放全面的分析。 N2 - Humanist Shakespeare, the greatest writer in the English Renaissance, renowned in the history of world literature. >King Lear< as one of the representative works of Shakespeare highest artistic achievements of the 20th century, its rising status, not unrelated to the beginning of the century, Freud pioneered psychoanalysis school. Psychoanalysis sociocultural scholars Fromm will Freudian theory and Marxist social theory combine the creation of humanistic psychoanalysis and psychological analysis applied to social history to study human subconscious, behavioral, social the relationship between the environment and the interaction of historical development, hope to build a healthy society. This paper will analyze the >King Lear< in the main character with the freedom of opinion and personality Fromm orientation, social personality and social theories of the unconscious, subconscious attempt considering the character and behavior, will be placed on the social history of the big stage open comprehensive analysis. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Yuan T1 - Ecological Ethics Study Based on Fromm’s Humanism [基于弗洛姆人道主义思想的生态伦理研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Suzhou Institute of Technology, Jiangsu University of Science & Technology, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China 2014. N2 - 在自然生态环境遭受严重破坏的背景下,20世纪中叶,西方生态伦理学应运而生。把道德关怀从人类社会延伸到非人类的自然界,这无疑是一大历史进步,但仍然未从根本上解决人与自然关系的实质问题,凸显出西方生态伦理学的局限。人与自然的关系问题实质上是人自身的问题,本文赋予生态概念以新的内涵,新的>生态伦理<不仅仅涵盖了人与自然的关系,也涵盖了人与人以及人与自我的身心关系,其中心观点是人—生命中心论,核心问题是人的问题,新生态伦理分为三个层面:自然生态、社会生态和精神生态。基于弗洛姆人道主义伦理学,本文分析构成生态危机的成因,论证生态危机就是人性危机,进而提出回归人的本性,发挥正能量,实现人的生命的真正价值——生发、成长和创造 N2 - The western ecological ethics, appearing in respond to the fact that natural environment had been severely damaged in the middle of 20th century, is a great historical advance beyond any doubt, which extended moral concern from human society to the nature. And yet, with its limits, the western ecological ethics has not fundamentally resolved the problem of the relationship of man with nature, because the essence of the problem lies in man instead of nature. The dissertation proposes anew ecological theory, the man-life centered theory, involving the relationship of man with nature as well as the relationship between men and that of mind and body in a man, with the focus on the problems of man. Based on Fromm’s humanism, the man-life centered theory deals with natural ecology, social ecology and psychological ecology. By the theory, this dissertation analyzes the cause of the ecological crisis, and argues that the ecological crisis is the crisis of humanity, further, it appeals to returning to humanity, to realization of true value of man – generation and creation. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Xinghua T1 - From Separation to Integration——Fromm’s Theory of Human Nature Reflection on the Relationship Between Man and Nature [从分离到融合——弗洛姆对人与自然关系的人性论反思] JF - Philosophical Society in Anhui Ninth Member Congress & Theory Seminar, January 12, 2014, Hefei, China, in: [Proceedings]: Philosophical Society in Anhui Ninth Member Congress & Theory Seminar [安徽省哲学 学会第九次会员代表大会暨理论研讨会论文集], Hefei, China (2014), pp. 304-310. N2 - 在弗洛姆看来,人的自然性决定了人对于自然的依赖,然而人又始终是社会的产物,人的社会性决定了人为了自由而必然走出自然。由于现代人在追求自由的过程中将自然视为自由的障碍物,从而对自然进行征服和改造,最终导致自然的异化。然而,人与自然之间尽管存在着矛盾性,但并不必然导致人与自然的冲突。当今频繁爆发的生态危机其根源不在于人与自然的矛盾,而在于不健全社会培养的不健全之人,因而要克服生态危机,使人与自然关系走向和谐就必须造就健全的人。 N2 - Fromm argues that human beings’ natural decided its dependence on nature. However, The human beings always is a social production. The human beings’ social decides it must be out of the nature for freedom. Because the modern people regard the nature as the obstacles in the process of pursuing freedom, the nature has been conquered and transformed. In the end, the nature began to alienation. Although there is a contradiction between man and nature, it doesn’t necessarily lead to conflict. Today the frequent outbreak of ecological crisis’ root does not lie in the contradiction between man and nature, and lie in unhealthy man of cultivating in the unhealthy society. So we must cultivate healthy man in order to overcome the ecological crisis and make the harmonious relationship between man and nature. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Enan T1 - Freedom – Personality – Happiness: Logic and Humanitarian Ethics Reflection [自由•人格•幸福——弗洛姆人道主义伦理学的逻辑与反思] JF - Journal of Social Science of Jiamusi University [佳木斯大学社会科学学报], No. 5 (2014), pp. 13-15. N2 - 人道主义伦理学以人自身的可能性与幸福为旨归,而实现这两者的前提就是人要是>自由<的人。弗洛姆正是以对>逃避自由<的批判为逻辑起点来揭示人对真正自由的渴望,而此种自由的实现又必须依托于>生产性人格<的塑造这条进路,从而构成逻辑完整的伦理体系。以马克思道德理论来反思弗洛姆的伦理体系,则存在某些不合理之处。 N2 - Humanitarian ethics to people's own possibilities and happiness to purport, and the realization that both the premise that people, if >free< people. Fromm It is in on the >escape from freedom<, the critique is the logical starting point to reveal the human desire for true freedom, but this freedom to realize they must rely on >productive personality< shape of this approach, so as to constitute a logical complete ethical system. In Marx's theory of moral reflection Fromm ethical system, there is some unreasonable. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Woessner, Martin T1 - Review Friedman, L. J.: The Lives of Erich Fromm: Love's Prophet JF - Journal of American Studies, Vol. 48 (No. 2, 2014), p. E 52. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wisser, Judith T1 - Entracte eines revolutionären Dichters – Ernst Toller in Heidelberg JF - Markus Bitterolf, Oliver Schlaudt und Stefan Schöbel (Eds.): Intellektuelle in Heidelberg 1910-1933. Ein Lesebuch, Heidelberg (Edition Schöbel), 2014, pp. 341-352. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Whittington, Dean T1 - The Perpetual Dreadmill, Bloomington (Author's House) 2014, 319 pp. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wernet, Verena Caroline T1 - Die Liebe und der Liebesbegriff in Goethes >Die Leiden des jungen Werther< und Dostojewskis >Weiße Nächte, Studienarbeit, Fachbereich Germanistik – Neuere Deutsche Literatur, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Grin Verlag 2014, 28 pp. N2 - Die Studienarbeit erläutert zunächst Fromms Liebesbegriff. Anschließend wird auf Goethes >Die Leiden des jungen Werther< und Dostojewskis >Weiße Nächte< eingegangen. Im Zentrum der Analyse stehen (1) die Ausgangssituation des Protagonisten vor dem Liebeserlebnis, (2) die Begegnung mit der geliebten Frau und das sich daraus ergebende Liebesverständnis des Protagonisten und schließlich (3) die aus dem Liebeserlebnis resultierenden Folgen für den Protagonisten. [Bol.com] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wen, Hongli T1 - Discussion on Fromm’s Theory of Human Nature [浅析弗洛姆的人性理论], Master thesis, Marxist Theory, Southwest University of Political Science & Law, Yubei, Chongqing, China 2014. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是西方人性理论的代表者,他始终关注20世纪人的生存状况。他观察到现代经济条件下被异化了的人孤立无援的生存困境,在至高无上的权力制度和意识形态的压迫下,使人性发生了畸形的变化,精神也出现分裂的病态表现。弗洛姆的人性理论的核心就是阐述人的生存困境以及寻找一条使人走出这样困境的道路。弗洛姆批判资本主义异化的人以及异化的社会,使人认识到了自己的孤独、寂寞、恐惧与无助,认识到了自己正在这样的生活环境下不断地失去自我。因此,弗洛姆综合了弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思的主义理论中的人性理论精髓,提出了自己独特性的见解,设想通过各种形式的改革,来纠正人的扭曲人格,构建健全的社会,进而使人能够实现自我,充分展现人性的本然状态,消除人的心理疾病。本文主要对弗洛姆的人性理论进行系统分析与阐述。全文主要是围绕人性、异化、自由、健全的社会这四个关键词展开的。第一章阐述了选题背景、意义和国内外学者对人性理论的研究现状;第二章指出弗洛姆的思想是在综合弗洛伊德和马克思人性理论的基础上形成的;第三章阐述了弗洛姆关于人的异化理论,总结资本主义条件下人的全面异化以及制度的异化。第四章阐述了弗洛姆通过经济、政治领域的改革,从而构建健全社会的完美构想。第五章是对弗洛姆人性理论的总体评价,包括弗洛姆人性理论的局限性和对现代社会的指导意义。 N2 - As the representative of western theories of human nature, Erich Fromm has been always concerned about the living condition of those people in the 20th century, which is also his main research subject. He has also found that many people are living in an isolated environment that has been alienated by the modern economy and also oppressed by the overwhelming power institution and ideology, leading to a distorted human nature and mental breakdown. The essence of Fromm’s theory of human nature is to illustrate the living dilemma facing many people as well as find a path leading to the redemption. What is more, Fromm has also criticized the distorted human nature and society in the middle of capitalism so as to make them aware of their loneliness, fear and desperation as well as the loss of the self in such a living environment. By combining the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud with the essential theory of human nature in Marxism, Fromm has also managed to propose his own idea and even sought to carry out a variety of reforms so as to correct the distorted human nature, establish a complete society and achieve the status of natural self free from mental illness. - This paper has aimed to analyze and illustrate the theory of human nature proposed by Fromm in a systematic manner. The key words of the paper include the human nature, alienation, freedom and completeness.– The first chapter will focus on the background, meaning and current situation of research upon human nature both at home and abroad.– The second chapter has pointed out that the idea of Fromm is based on the theories of human nature by Freud and Marx.– The third chapter is concerned with the theory of Fromm about the distorted human as well as the complete alienation of people and institution in the capitalism.– The fourth chapter concerns itself with the reform in the field of politics and economy proposed by Fromm so as to achieve the goal of establishing a complete society.– The fifth chapter is an overall evaluation on Fromm’s theory of human nature, including its limitation and reference value to the modern society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehr, Helmut T1 - Zivilcourage in der Schule - Ein Herausforderung für Lehrer/innen JF - Lehren und Lernen. Zeitschrift für Schule und Innovation aus Baden-Württemberg, Vol. 40 (No. 1, 2014), pp. 29-34 Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Watkins, C. Edward T1 - The competent psychoanalytic supervisor: Some thoughts about supervision competences for accountable practice and training JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Abingdon (Routledge - Taylor and Francis) Vol. 23 (No. 4, 2014), pp. 220-228. N2 - What are the competences required to satisfactorily practice effective or >good enough< psychoanalytic supervision? In this paper, I would like to consider that question. Over the past approximate 15-year period, increasing attention has been directed toward more specifically identifying and defining the components of competent psychoanalytic practice. But any parallel attention toward identifying and defining the components of competent psychoanalytic supervision practice has, in comparison, been sorely limited if not virtually absent. If we are to best practice competent psychoanalytic supervision and best train future psychoanalytic supervisors for competent practice, effort needs to be made to concretely delineate the competences that are requisite for such practice. In what follows, I present and adapt six broad-based families of internationally relevant supervision competence areas for use in psychoanalytic supervision: (1) knowledge about/understanding of psychoanalytic supervision models, methods, and intervention; (2) knowledge about/skill in attending to matters of ethical, legal, and professional concern; (3) knowledge about/skill in managing psychoanalytic supervision relationship processes; (4) knowledge about/skill in conducting psychoanalytic supervisory assessment and evaluation; (5) knowledge about/skill in fostering attention to difference and diversity; and (6) openness to/utilization of a self-reflective, self-assessment stance in psychoanalytic supervision. Although by no means an exhaustive list, 30 supervision competences (five per family) are proposed as significant for guiding competent psychoanalytic supervision practice and supervisor training, and a brief explanatory comment is offered in support of each broad-based family of competences. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Yun T1 - Reading Aili Xi Fromm, >The Art of Loving< Impressions – Love is a Positive Attitude, a Practical Ability [读爱利希•》有感——爱是一种积极态度、一种实践能力] JF - Jin Tian. N2 - 人的一生,是由无数个日月堆砌而成,我们在自己的小小世界里安稳的生活与成长,我们的生命与大地万物相比如微尘。有时候我们会忧郁、会茫然,会感叹命运的束缚与捉弄,甚至怨天尤人。然而只有爱能点燃我们对生活的热情,只有爱能化解我们内心的烦乱与忧愁,爱始终伴随在我们的身边。本文通过读弗洛姆《爱的艺术》,浅谈爱是一种积极态度,一种实践能力。 N2 - Person's life, is a pile by the sun and the moon is made of numerous, we live peacefully and growth in their own little world, our lives and the earth is compared as dust. Sometimes we depression, would a loss, will lament the fate of bondage and tease, and even complaining. However, only love can ignite our passion for life, only love can resolve our hearts upset and sorrow, love is always accompanied around us. By reading Fromm's >The Art of Loving<, to discuss Love is a positive attitude, a practical ability. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Xinhuan T1 - Fromm’s View on the Difference between Self-love and Selfishness [论弗洛姆对自爱与自私的区别] JF - Journal of Cangzhou Normal University [沧州师范学院学报 ], No. 1 (2014), pp. 79-81, 110. N2 - 长期以来,许多思想家认为自爱与自私是一回事,自爱是不道德的.艾里希•弗洛姆对此观点持不同的态度,他认为自爱与自私根本不是一回事.自爱是美德,而自私是罪恶.自爱的人有能力爱他人,而自私的人没有能力爱他人.弗洛姆对自爱与自私所作的区分,饱含着对人类生存状态的深切关怀,这对于促进个体人格的健全与人际关系的和谐具有重要的启示意义 N2 - Many great thinkers have long believed that there is no difference between self-love and selfishness. Self-love is immoral, to which Erich Fromm has a different view. According to him self-love is totally different from selfishness. Self-love is moral while selfishness is immoral. One who has self-love has the ability to love others, but selfish one doesn’t. Fromm’s opinion on self-love and selfishness has reflected his deep concern for human being’s existing state. His theory is good for promoting a healthy development of personality and the harmony of interpersonal relationship. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Lulu T1 - Contemporary Aesthetic Shaping the Thinking of Humanity [当代审美思维对人性的塑造] N2 - 弗洛姆说十九世纪的哲学问题是上帝之死,而二十世纪的哲学命题则是人类的灭亡。这里人类的灭亡并不是说生理的中介,而是人作为一种传统的存在状态的终结。按照弗洛姆的说法,认得天生存在是劳作的存在,而新的人类存在方式则是劳作的终结以及新的存在方式的产生。人类超越所谓的劳作去突破传统的牢笼。20世纪的人死了。人类最终级的关怀首先就是认识人自己,其次是认识他人以缔造和谐公正的社会最后就是认识人所在的自然界乃至整个宇宙。早在希腊时代苏格拉底提出一个经典的命题,那就是>认识人自己<,而当我们对这个问题进行终极追问的时候,我们将面对一个不能回避又必须回答的问题,那就是人性是什么?我们又应该如何对人性进行塑造让人们挣脱孤独的牢笼发现自己内心的信仰以充实精神世界呢?本文从对人性的解析到审美思维的介入以解决这两个重要的问题 N2 - Fromm said that philosophical problems of the nineteenth century was the death of God, and the philosophical proposition of the twentieth century is the extinction of mankind. Here does not mean the demise of the human physiology intermediary, but the person as a traditional end of the existence of the state. According to Fromm's argument, naturally recognize the existence of the existence of labor, and the new way of human existence, and it is the end of labor to produce new way of being. Beyond the so-called human labor to break the traditional cage. Died in the 20th century. The final stage of human concern is to know themselves first, followed by others in order to create a harmonious understanding of social justice is to know the last one where the nature of the universe as a whole. Back in Greece, Socrates made a classic era proposition that >know themselves<, and when we asked the ultimate question on this, we will face an unavoidable must also answer questions that humanity is What? how should we allow people to get rid of humanity to shape lonely cage discover their inner beliefs in order to enrich the spiritual world? This article from humanity's resolve to intervene to resolve the aesthetic thinking of these two important issues. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Lin-na T1 - Reflection and Enlightenment of Fromm’s Social Personality Theory [弗洛姆社会性格理论的反思与启示] JF - Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences (Social Science Edition) [宝鸡文理学院学报(社会科学版)], No. 5 (2014), pp. 157-160. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆批判的继承了弗洛伊德的精神分析学说,丰富了马克思人与社会的思想,用心理学的方法对人的社会性格进行研究,开拓了研究人性的新思维。弗洛姆注重分析人性的发展及人的价值,形成其独特的社会性格理论。弗洛姆人性理论在实现个体的人格健全以及和谐社会的建设两方面有着重要的理论指导价值。 N2 - Erich Fromm critically inherited Freud’s psychoanalysis, enriched Marx’s ideology of human and society. Researching people’s social character with the method of psychological study, he opened up a new way to study human nature. Fromm focused on analyzing the development of human nature and the value of people and formed his own social personality theory. Fromm’s theory of human nature has great reference value to China today in achieving healthy personality and establishing a harmonious society. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Lin T1 - Characters Analysis on Das Experiment – According to Erich Fromm’s Theory of Escape Mechanism [德国电影《死亡实验》的角色分析——以埃里希•弗洛姆的>逃避机制<为理论依托] [application of Fromm's theories to art].. JF - Journal of Heze University [菏泽学院学报], No. 1 (2014), pp. 134-137. N2 - [国电影《死亡实验》通过对剧中角色的戏剧化分配和精准捕捉,生动展现了纳粹人格在特殊情境中的形成和发展。以弗洛姆的>逃避机制<为理论依托,从该理论的>权威主义人格<和>机械趋同<两个方面,可以为《死亡实验》中的不同角色找到精神分析学范畴的阐释。弗洛姆的精神分析成果直指纳粹主义心理与现代民主,而这一点正是《死亡实验》的深层创作意图,即在假定的现代语境下进行历史反思。 ] N2 - German film Das Experiment vividly shows the formation and development of Nazi’s personality in extreme situations with dramatic allocation and accurate capture of its characters in the film. Based on Erich Fromm’s theory of >Escape Mechanism< and its two aspects >authoritarian personality< and >mechanical convergence<, the essay aims to find the interpretation in psychoanalysis category for different roles. Fromm’s psychoanalysis points directly to the modern democracy and Nazism, and this is just the intention of Das Experiment, that is to arouse historical reflection under the assuming modern context. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Li T1 - The Study on Fromm’s Care Education Theory [弗洛姆关爱教育思想研究]. N2 - 关爱,是人们日常生活中到处可见的现象,是人们印象最深的体验之一,它同希望、信念等构成了人的生存意义的主干。当人们在追求人生理想的时候,关爱作为一种不可缺少的力量,给予了人们支持和帮助。二十世纪西方著名的美国社会学家、哲学家、精神分析学家埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980),通过对西方资本主义社会的矛盾与危机的分析,并在继承和发展马克思伦理学说、弗洛伊德伦理学说、法兰克福社会批判理论等思想的基础上,形成了独具特色的关爱教育思想。弗洛姆认为关爱作为人的一种积极主动的活动,是人的内在创造力的一种表现。关爱是一种具有主动性和创造性的能力,而不是外在的对象;关爱建立在关心、理解、尊重和负责的基础之上,而不是一味的占有和奉献。弗洛姆通过对西方资本主义社会爱的瓦解和人的境遇进行了分析研究,拓宽了我们对关爱的认识。他认为关爱的内涵是给予而非索取,并将关爱视为人与人、人与社会、人与自然连结的纽带;强调了无论在关爱自己、关爱他人、关爱社会还是在关爱自然的过程中,都应该保持理性、坦然真诚;并试图通过实践建立一个理想的>健全的社会<。在当今生产力快速发展、科技日新月异、社会物质财富剧增的年代,人与人之间的关系变得越来越功利和俗化。人们常常感慨真爱难得、知音难求,并真切渴望得到爱、被关爱。因此,研究弗洛姆的关爱教育思想具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文主要从四个方面进行研究:一、弗洛姆关爱教育思想的产生及理论渊源,着重从弗洛姆的自身经历及其所生活的时代背景进行分析,讨论人道主义、马克思和弗洛伊德的伦理思想、法兰克福学派的社会批判理论对弗洛姆的影响。二、系统的论述弗洛姆关爱教育思想及其体系,分别从关爱的内容、关爱的特征、关爱教育的内容建构、关爱教育的基本要素等方面加以展开。三、全面的分析和阐述弗洛姆关爱教育的运行机制和基本特征,通过对关爱教育运行的必备素质、特殊要求、主要目标的论述,概括了弗洛姆关爱教育思想的基本特征。四、从现实的角度对弗洛姆关爱教育思想进行了评析,探讨了弗洛姆关爱教育思想在理论上的突破与局限,以及对当代我国的理论价值和现实意义。 N2 - Care, a phenomenon people see everywhere in daily life, one of the deepest impressive experience and the gentlest companion. It is with hope and faith etc. constitute the backbone of the meaning of existence. When people are in pursuit of their dreams, care, as an indispensable strength, give people support and help. The eminent American sociologist, philosopher and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm built a unique care education thought through the analysis of contradictions and crises of Western capitalist society and on the basis of inheriting and developing the thought of Marxism, Sigmund Freud’s ethnics and Frankfurt’s Critical theory. Care, Fromm thought it is a proactive human activity and a manifestation of people’s inherent creativity. Care is a kind of initiative and creative abilities, rather than external objects. Care is built on the basis of respect and responsibility, rather than possession and dedication. Through the analysis of love’s collapse and people’s situation of Western capitalist society, Fromm broadened our understanding of care. He believed that the mea-ning of care is giving rather than taking, and he also regarded care as a connection link of human and human, human and society, human and nature. He emphasized that caring for yourself, caring for others and caring society, or in the process of caring nature, we should remain rational, calm and sincere; and trying to establish an ideal sound society through practice. In the era of rapid develop-ment of productive forces, science and technology advances, and sharp increase in material wealth of society, the relationship between people become more utilitarian. People often sign that love rare, hard to find bosom friends and truly desire to get love, to be loved. Therefore, studying Fromm’s care education thought undoubtedly has a vital theoretical and practical significance. This paper mainly divided into4parts as follows: 1. First, we analyzed the generation and its theories origin of Fromm’s care education thought on the basis of his own life experiences and background. Then, we investigated the influence of humanitarian, ethical thought of Marx and Freud, and the social critical theory of Frankfurt school on Fromm. 2. In this part, we elaborated the ideology of Fromm’s care education thought systematically. It includes the substances, characteristics of care, the construction and essential elements of Fromm’s care education thought. 3. Next, we analyzed and elaborated the operation mechanism and the essential characteristics of Fromm’s care education thought comprehensively. Then, we summarized the essential characteristics of Fromm’s care education thought by taking a view of necessary quality, special requirements and main aims of the care education operation. 4. Finally, we assessed Fromm’s care education thought from practical standpoint, and explored the breakthroughs and limitations of the theory of Fromm’s care education thought, as well as the theoretical and practical significance. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Li T1 - Alienation of Clegg in >The Collector< [《收藏家》中克莱格的异化], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 2014 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 《收藏家》是约翰•福尔斯于1963年出版的第一部作品,出版后在商业上大获成功,并使福尔斯一夜成名,在二战后的英国文坛上争得一席之地,从此开始职业作家的生涯。但是,对于福尔斯的开山之作,国内外的批评家并没有给予足够的重视,对其主人公克莱格的性格分析及其异化特点、异化原因更是少有深入完整的研究,因此笔者决定参考前人研究,对克莱格异化的原因和特点作一个全面深入的分析。本文以异化理论特别是弗洛姆的异化理论结合文本,从晚期资本主义背景出发,分析《收藏家》中主人公克莱格的性格及其异化特征和表现,并通过其异化表现对其异化原因进行全面深入的总结。首先,战争的影响使得晚期资本主义中的异化尤为突出,所以克莱格的异化不可避免的受到时代大背景的影响;其次,母爱的缺失使克莱格极其缺乏安全感,对女性充满了不信任,进而失去了爱的能力,在克莱格异化中起了不可忽视的作用,这在一定程度上也是他远离人群和社会的重要原因;再者,克莱格自身的性格使其异化显得更为悲剧,他把自己屏蔽于与世隔绝的老房子里,拒绝与任何人联系,他以爱之名绑架米兰达,并把她禁闭在密封的地下室里进行精神折磨,威胁她拍各种有损尊严的照片,他的种种表现使其看起来俨然是一个被异化了的、失去情感能力的疯子。弗洛姆认为异化是普遍存在的一种现象,本文对克莱格的异化做了完整而全面的阐释,试图通过分析克莱格这一异化典型得出异化是晚期资本主义社会中人类普遍面对的困境,使我们认识到异化的严重性,关注自己以及他人的精神状况,提防被异化的可能性。 N2 - John Fowles’ first novel >The Collector< achieved great success after it was published in 1963. It also made Fowles famous overnight and an influential writer in Britain. But critics both at home and abroad do not give enough attention to Fowles’ first important work. The researches about Clegg’s character analysis, performance and causes of alienation are not thorough and comprehensive. Therefore, the author of the thesis tries to make a thorough research on Clegg’s alienation in the novel on the basis of other scholars’ studies. The thesis, based on the novel, from the view of the late capitalism, adopts alienation theory to analyze Clegg’s personalities and performance of alienation so as to disclose deep causes of Clegg’s alienation. - Above all, the effects of the war make alienation in the late capitalism more special and typical, thus, Clegg’s alienation is inevitably affected by the background of that period; Lack of maternal love which aggravates Clegg’s insecurity and leads to his distrust towards women. In a certain sense, it is also one of the main reasons that he escapes away from people and society. So, it can’t be ignored on the formation of Clegg’s alienation. Otherwise, Clegg’s own character makes his alienation appear more tragic. He shuts himself in an isolated old house and refuses to contact with anyone of the world. He abducts Miranda in the name of love, tortures her by confining her in a sealed basement and threatens her to take pictures which extremely degrade her dignity. What Clegg has done make him look like that he is a madman who is totally alienated and loses emotional abilities. In Fromm’s point of view, alienation is almost ubiquitous. - The thesis makes a thorough and comprehensive analysis on characters and causes of Clegg’s alienation. And via this detailed analysis, the author of the thesis wants to sum up that alienation is a predicament which the mankind all faces in the late capitalism. We should realize the seriousness of alienation, care about our own and other people’s spirit condition, and guard against the possibility of being alienated. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Li T1 - The Meaning of Fromm’s Thought on Care Education [弗洛姆关爱教育思想的意义探究] JF - Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering(Social Sciences) [沈阳工程学院学报(社会科学版)], No. 1 (2014), pp. 133-135. N2 - [弗洛姆关爱教育思想以给予为核心内容,以了解、关心、责任和尊重为基本要素,阐述了关爱是一种主动的能力,是一种丰富人的本质并且使人得以提高的能力。在当代社会,关爱教育作为一个古老而常新的课题,依旧面临着很多困境。因此,借鉴和吸收弗洛姆关爱教育思想精华,对我国当代社会的关爱教育具有很重要的意义。 N2 - Fromm’s thought of care education, with the core of given and with basis of understand, caring, responsibility and respect, illustrates that caring is an active capacity which enriches human nature and makes them improved. In contemporary society, the study of care education is an age-old issue but always with new connotation, it still faces difficult situation. Therefore, learning the advantages of the thought of Fromm’s care education has a very important significance for the care education in our country. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Jinwan T1 - The Overall Thought Dialectics of Theory of Fromm’s Psychological Criticism [论弗洛姆心理机制批判的总体辩证法思想], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2014. N2 - 弗洛姆是经典西方马克思主义法兰克福学派的代表人物,他对资本主义社会和文化批判具有自己独特的视角,这不仅延续了马克思主义理论批判的主题,而且对法兰克福学派及后续西方马克思主义产生了深刻影响,对于分析资本主义的社会生存状况和构建健全社会具有重大的现实启示意义。弗洛姆通过对马克思和弗洛伊德学说的整合,提出人的心理、情感不只来源于个人的本能需要,还来源于人类存在的具体条件与外部环境,以总体辩证法原则创建了自己的心理结构和人格理论。在此基础上对西方资本主义社会的人性异化,展开了深刻的揭露与系统的批判,从而呈现出人与自身、人与人、人与社会的真正统一。并试图通过人的社会结构和文化心理的双重变革建立健全社会的理想构想。本文的主旨是以总体方法论的原则,充分发掘弗洛姆心理批判理论的内涵,吸收其积极思想成果,从而为建构健全社会提供更多深层的思想借鉴。本文的内容主要包括以下六个部分:第一部分,选题的背景与目的意义。就是突出深化马克思主义理论批判这一主题,通过吸收其积极成果,为我们充分认识当今资本主义条件下人的生存状况和如何构建健全社会提供思想指导。通过对国内外文献的归纳总结,为对弗洛姆心理批判理论的深入研究提供一定的材料。第二部分,论述弗洛姆思想产生的背景和演变过程。二战后伴随资本主义经济与科技的飞速发展,人与社会生活的环境遭到了严重破坏,使人们表现出了对健全社会的强烈诉求,弗洛姆对人的心理变化产生浓厚的兴趣,他吸收了弗洛伊德的观点并结合临床实验,与马克思理论实现整合,创建了自己在心理结构分析理论。第三部分,阐述弗洛姆心理批判的总体辩证法核心内容。并以总体性方法展开对资本主义社会批判剖析,分别从社会性格角度、逃避自由心理机制和社会全面异化三方面进行批判,分析社会全面异化的形成原因;二是阐述人克服异化的途径,开发创造性潜能、理性角度看待事物及在爱中实现人与人之间的统一;三是心理批判的总体辩证法所要达到的目标,实现人与自身的统一、人与人的统一、人与社会的统一,从而使人类生活达到一种和谐的理想状态。第四部分,探析弗洛姆思想在西马文化批判理论中的地位。首先其探讨文化批判理论与法兰克福学派批判理论的契合,分别从理性启蒙批判、技术理性批判、交往关系批判揭示资本主义社会的病态现象;其次弗洛姆思想与法兰克福学派文化批判理论的异同,以及弗洛姆思想的局限性;最后弗洛姆思想在西马文化批判理论中的启示作用,何为健全的心理和健全的人格?第五部分,揭示弗洛姆心理批判的总体辩证法思想的当代意义。一是对马克思总体辩证法思想进一步拓展,促进对于马克思学说的更深层的认识;二是当前社会我们已然迈入了新的纪元,通过对弗洛姆思想的研究,会更深入思考新的人类生存标准;三是弗洛姆心理批判思想使我们更好地了解何为健全社会及实现方式?并揭示出通往健全社会的途径,分别从经济、政治、社会的总体性变革构建和谐社会。第六部分,主要阐述本研究的基本结论,虽然弗洛姆的观点还有很多不足和不完善的地方,但重大的启示意义就在启示我们必须坚持的一贯坚持的基本立场,即人的全面发展。 N2 - As the representative of the Frankfurt School of classical Western Marxism, Fromm has his own unique perspective on the criticism of capitalist society and culture, which not only continues the theme of Marxist theoretical criticism, but also has a profound influence on the Frankfurt School and subsequent Western Marxism, and is of great practical significance for the analysis of the social existence of capitalism and the construction of a sound society. Through the integration of the doctrines of Marx and Freud Fromm proposed that human psychology and emotion did not only come from the instinctive needs of individuals, but also from the specific conditions and external environment of human existence, and created his own theory of psychological structure and personality based on the principle of total dialectics. On this basis, he launched a profound exposé and systematic criticism of the alienation of human nature in Western capitalist society, thus presenting the true unity of man and himself, man and man, man and society. It also attempts to establish the ideal of a sound society through the dual transformation of human social structure and cultural psychology. The main purpose of this paper is to fully explore the connotations of Fromm's critical psychological theory and to absorb its positive results, so as to provide more profound ideas for the construction of a sound society. The contents of this paper mainly include the following six parts: the first part, the background and purpose of the selected topic. It is to highlight the theme of deepening the theoretical criticism of Marxism and to provide ideological guidance for us to fully understand the conditions of human existence under capitalism and how to build a sound society by absorbing its positive results. By summarizing the domestic and international literature, this thesis will provide some materials for an in-depth study of Fromm's critical psychological theory. The second part is to discuss the background and evolution of Fromm's thought. After World War II, with the rapid development of capitalist economy and science and technology, the environment of human and social life was severely damaged, which made people show a strong demand for a healthy society, so Fromm became interested in the psychological changes of human beings. In the third part, he describes the core content of the general dialectic of Fromm's psychological criticism. Secondly, he describes the ways to overcome alienation, develop creative potential, look at things from a rational point of view and realize the unity between human beings in love. The goal is to realize the unity between man and himself, between man and man, and between man and society, so that human life can reach a harmonious ideal state. In the fourth part, the position of Fromm's thought in Sima's critical theory of culture is analyzed. First of all, it discusses the convergence between the critical theory of culture and the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, revealing the pathological phenomena of capitalist society from the critique of rational enlightenment, the critique of technical rationality, and the critique of communicative relations respectively; secondly, the similarities and differences between Fromm's thought and the critical theory of culture of the Frankfurt School, as well as the limitations of Fromm's thought; finally, the revelation role of Fromm's thought in the critical theory of Sima's culture, what is a sound psychology and what is the significance of a sound social life? A Sound Personality? The fifth part reveals the contemporary significance of Fromm's psychological criticism of the overall dialectical thought. The first is to further expand Marx's overall dialectical thought and promote a deeper understanding of Marx's doctrines; the second is that we have entered a new era in our society, and through the study of Fromm's thought, we will think more deeply about the new standard of human existence; the third is that Fromm's critical psychological thought enables us to better understand what a sound society is and how to achieve it. The third is that Fromm's critical psychological thought will help us better understand what is a healthy society and how to achieve it, and reveal the way to build a harmonious society through economic, political and social changes in general. Although there are still many deficiencies and imperfections in Fromm's viewpoint, it has a great significance in revealing the basic position that we must adhere to all the time, that is, the all-round development of human beings. The sixth of part mainly expounds the basic conclusion of this study, although Fromm’s point of view there are still many deficiencies and drawbacks, the enlightenment significance is always adhere to the basic position of Marxism, the man’s all-round development. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Fei T1 - The World of Alienation: A Critical Study of Joyce Carol Oates’s >Wonderland< [异化的世界:乔伊斯•卡罗尔•欧茨长篇小说《奇境》研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China 2014 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 乔伊斯•卡罗尔•欧茨是美国杰出的女作家,曾多次获诺贝尔文学奖提名。她的代表作《奇境》被认为是具有里程碑意义的分水岭之作。从《奇境》开始,欧茨的作品越来越关注人的内心世界,关注个人的生存状态和社会环境之间的冲突。本论文主要以埃里希•弗罗姆的异化理论为依据,力图揭示小说《奇境》对人物异化命运的关注。弗洛姆认为,异化是一种经验方式,通过这种方式,人体验到自己是一个陌生人。异化现象体现为个人与自我,个人与个人,个人与社会环境之间,以及个人与自己的信仰之间的冲突。此篇论文分别从以上四个方面对小说人物的心理异化进行了细致分析。论文主要由五章构成。第一章为引言。这一部分简要介绍了作者乔伊斯•卡罗尔•欧茨的创作经历,主要作品和成就,并且总结和概述了国内外对这部小说的相关研究,从而提出来本论文的研究目的与意义。第二章介绍了异化理论的起源与发展,为本论文的分析奠定了理论基础。第三章是论文的正文部分,由两部分组成,分析了《奇境》中主要人物的普遍异化现象。第一部分分别从人与社会环境之间关系的异化,人与家庭成员之间关系的异化,和人与自我关系的异化以及人与上帝之间关系的异化四个方面着重分析小说《奇境》中男性人物的异化。第二部分具体分析小说《奇境》中主要女性人物与家庭成员之间关系的异化以及她们的自我异化。不幸福的家庭生活使得女性人物的精神备受压抑,导致了她们自我人格的分裂。最终,不堪忍受精神与肉体双重折磨的她们陷入了自我迷失的困境之中。第四章则主要分析小说主人公对异化的反抗。小说人物在异化面前,主要是通过封闭自我空间,以及不断为自己创造希望来给予自己反抗异化的动力,但是成功的希望是渺茫的。最后是结论部分。这篇论文对小说中男性和女性人物的异化分析,体现了欧茨对人们心理需求与精神状态的极度关注,同时也揭露了在资本主义社会中,人们始终处于空虚,孤寂,幻灭的生活状态之中 N2 - Joyce Carol Oates is a distinguished female writer in America who has received several nominations for the Nobel Prize for Literature. As a representative work of Joyce Carol Oates, >Wonderlandwatershed novel<, pointing to its significance of milestone for Oates’s writing. Oates’s works increasingly concerns herself with people’s inner world and the conflicts between a state of being of the individual and the social environment from the minute she starts to create Wonderland. By using the alienation theory of Erich Fromm, the thesis tries to expose the extreme focus of Wonderland on the alienated destiny of characters. For Fromm, man experiences himself as an alien by a mode of experience. The alienation phenomenon is embodied in that man has the conflicts with itself, with its species, with its social environment or with its faith. The thesis presents the detailed analysis of characters’ psychological alienation from the angels mentioned above. The thesis consists of five chapters.– Introduction is the first chapter. This chapter incorporates the brief introduction to Joyce Carol Oates and her works, the content and literature review of the novel Wonderland. The aims of studying Wonderland from the view of alienation are also covered.– The second chapter interprets the origin and development of Alienation theory.– The third chapter includes two parts. It analyzes the universal alienation phenomena of main characters in Wonderland. The first part gives a detailed analysis for the alienation of the main male characters from four aspects such as the alienation from the social environment, from his family members, from himself, and from God. The second part mainly analyzes the alienation of women from their family life and themselves. Their spiritual repression brought by their unhappy family life makes them tend towards a self-division state. Finally, the stifling physical and mental torture results in women’s self- lost status.– The fourth chapter focuses on the characters’ desperate struggles against alienation. In front of alienation, the main characters in the novel react against the alienation through withdrawal into their own space and inventing hopes. But the chances of success are slim.– The final part is the conclusion. The analysis above indicates that Oates extremely pays close attention to people’s psychological needs and state of spirit, and shows the mental state of Americans in the capitalist society: emptiness, loneliness, disillusionment. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wallat, Hendrik T1 - Isaak Steinberg, von Moskau über Heidelberg nach New York JF - Markus Bitterolf, Oliver Schlaudt und Stefan Schöbel (Eds.): Intellektuelle in Heidelberg 1910-1933. Ein Lesebuch, Heidelberg (Edition Schöbel), 2014, pp. 333-340. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waldmann, Peter T1 - Die politische Funktion der Gedenkkerzen. Über die Rolle der Juden im Zeitalter des Neoliberalismus JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 18 / 2014, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 125-129. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d18/2014z2 Y1 - 2014 VL - d18/2014z2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vīķe-Freiberga, Vaira T1 - Grußwort zur Tagung >Freiheit und Freiheiten< in Riga JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 18 / 2014, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 9-10. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - d18/2014c Y1 - 2014 VL - d18/2014c ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voller, Christian T1 - Die Nihilisierung des Nihilismus – Alfred Seidel (1895-1924) JF - Markus Bitterolf, Oliver Schlaudt und Stefan Schöbel (Eds.): Intellektuelle in Heidelberg 1910-1933. Ein Lesebuch, Heidelberg (Edition Schöbel), 2014, pp. 305-320. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vigna-Taglianti, Massimo A1 - Arfelli, Patrizia T1 - Confusion of tongues: A defense mechanism and a complex communication of unwelcome children with an early broken intimacy JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Abingdon (Routledge - Taylor and Francis) Vol. 23 (No. 1, 2014), pp. 30-36. N2 - Starting from the concept of confusion of tongues between passion and tenderness, the authors illustrate two clinical situations of traumatized children and adults and try to show how these kinds of patient are not able to give voice to and symbolically represent their archaic anxieties connected with their having been Ferenczian >unwelcome children.< Therefore, in the therapeutic situation, they often make use of the language of >passion< and sexualization in order to communicate to the analyst their early broken intimacy and their traumatized >tenderness,< related to a lack of parental libidinal involvement and of maternal permeability to their raw emotions, which gave rise to their >passion of death.< Sketching out two clinical cases (an adolescent and an adult), the authors describe how, in their opinion, this confusion of tongues may be the only way for some patients to represent and share the traumatic events of their past, while at the same time it may become a deep-rooted, strong, rigid, and exciting defense mechanism against an early child depression connected with devitalizing unconscious identifications. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vapenstad, Eystein Victor T1 - On the psychoanalyst's reverie: From Bion to Bach JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Abingdon (Routledge - Taylor and Francis) Vol. 23 (No. 3, 2014), pp. 161-170. N2 - This article illustrates the psychoanalyst's reverie as it appeared in analytic work with a child patient who had suffered an early trauma. According to Bion and later Ogden, the analyst's reverie can take many forms, including different sound images. During the analysis of the traumatized child, the analyst's reverie developed from a simple tune derived from an aria belonging to a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach, to a more tangled journey through the music of Bach and the story of the child. Bion's theory of containment and reverie, and its further development by Ogden and others, is described. The author tries to show how impressions in art can help the analyst to understand the patient and develop his or her sensitivity to the human condition. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulloa Brenes, Gilbert A1 - et al., T1 - Fundamentos teórico-metodológicos del >cuestionario sobre marcos de orientación ética de estudiantes de la UNED< [Theoretical and methodological foundations of the >questionnaire on ethical orientation frameworks of UNED students<] JF - Revista Espiga, Vol. 13, No. 27 (2014), pp. 81-92. [Online ISSN 2215-454X] [revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/espiga/article/view/505/408] N2 - A partir de las tesis elaboradas por el psicólogo social Erich Fromm (1977) respecto a los marcos de orientación y devoción que guían parte del comportamiento humano en sociedad, se cons- truye un sistema teórico-metodológico cuyo objeto de estudio, categorías, subcategorías y ejes temáticos derivan en un instrumento denominado: >Cuestionario sobre marcos de orientación ética de estudiantes de la UNED<, el cual se utiliza en el proyecto de investigación de la Cátedra de Teología titulado: >En qué creen los jóvenes? Marcos de orientación ética de estudiantes de la UNED<. Interesa que este instrumento sea una herramienta válida para sondear la orientación ética de la población con que se trabaja en ese proyecto y constituya, además, un aporte novedoso en el área de la investigación social en torno a temáticas similares. Palabras clave: Orientaciones éticas, Erich Fromm, investigación social, estudiantes universitarios. N2 - Based on the social psychologist Erich Fromm (1977) thesis about the orientation and devotion frameworks that guide human behavior in society, we construct a theoretical-methodological system whose object of study, categories, subcategories and themes resulting in an instrument called a: >Questionnaire on ethical orientation frames UNED students<, which is used in the re- search project of the Department of Theology entitled: >What young people think? Frames ethical orientation of young students of the Open University<. It is interesting that this instrument is a valid tool to probe the ethical orientation of the population that is working on this project and constitutes also a novel contribution in the field of social research around similar themes. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Tiedemann, Markus T1 - Liebe, Freundschaft und Sexualität. Fragen und Antworten der Philosophie, Hildesheim (Georg Olms Verlag) 2014, 327 pp. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tiedemann, Markus T1 - Fromm: Liebe als Kunst JF - M. Tiedemann: Liebe, Freundschaft und Sexualität. Fragen und Antworten der Philosophie, Hildesheim (Georg Olms Verlag) 2014, pp. 224-243. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thompson, Michael J. T1 - Normative Humanism as Redemptive Critique: Knowledge and Judgment in Fromm's Social Theory JF - S. J. Miri, R. Lake, T. M. Kress (Eds.), Reclaiming the Sane Society. Essays on Erich Fromm's Thought, Rotterdam - Boston - Taipei (Sense Publishers) 2014, pp. 37-58. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tharr, Jennifer T1 - ›Und wegen der Heidelberger Vergangenheit, die mich auf meinen Weg brachte.‹ Hannah Arendts Begegnungen in Heidelberg (1926-1929) JF - Markus Bitterolf, Oliver Schlaudt und Stefan Schöbel (Eds.): Intellektuelle in Heidelberg 1910-1933. Ein Lesebuch, Heidelberg (Edition Schöbel), 2014, pp. 15-26. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tauschwitz, Marion T1 - ›Im Zaubermantel glücklich, der uns umhüllt‹ – Hilde Domin und Erwin Walter Palm JF - Markus Bitterolf, Oliver Schlaudt und Stefan Schöbel (Eds.): Intellektuelle in Heidelberg 1910-1933. Ein Lesebuch, Heidelberg (Edition Schöbel), 2014, pp. 83-94. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tang, Wanru T1 - Psychological and Aesthetic Probe on Fromm’s Self-love [弗洛姆自爱理论的心理学美学意义], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2014 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - >自爱<不仅是一个重要的伦理学概念,也是一个重要的心理学概念。在自爱研究的谱系中,弗洛姆的自爱理论占据着重要的位置。他指出现代人为了找到自我,找到生存的意义,走出精神和道德的困境,必须建立一种以人为尺度,以人性为伦理道德之准则,以爱为核心内容,以人的幸福和自我实现为目标,借助精神分析与佛教禅宗净化人的心灵的人道主义伦理学。这一人道主义伦理学不仅对于个人良好人格的形成具有重要意义,作为一种>此在生存在世之诠释<的文学,书写者对世界的诠释也势必会受到这种人格形成之机制的影响。本文从社会心理学角度出发,对弗洛姆自爱理论对作家文艺创作及其作品的影响予以详尽分析,从学理上梳理了自爱对于主体性构建和话语模式构建的重要意义。本文第一部分梳理了自爱理论的历史沿革和产生根源。第二部分集中论证了弗洛姆自爱理论的基本内涵。爱的基础是二分,即>我<与>你<,而爱的结果是合一,即>我们<。因此自爱就是与自我的合一,即自我的恢复与完满。同时,自爱是其他一切爱的前提和基础,是爱的主体性的充分实现。第三部分从若干方面分述了自爱特质对于艺术家创作所产生的积极和消极的影响,指出不>自爱<固然可以为创作提供灵感,但是这种果实是残缺的、不完满的。只有充分自爱,与自我合一,与世界合一,才能创作出超越时间阻隔、超越个体经验、具有持久生命力的伟大作品。第四部分指出在弗洛姆的理论中自爱是恢复人的本性、实现人的价值的基本前提和必备条件,为艺术创作的发生阶段提供了良好的土壤。 N2 - Self-love is considered as an important concept both in ethics and in psychology. Fromm’s self-love theory is located at a decisive point in the analyzing pedigree about this concept, for his pursing to establish a human-scale humanitarian ethics that is based on human nature ethics guidelines, deemed love as the core, targeted to realizing people’s happiness and self-fulfillment and to purifying people’s soul in help with psychoanalysis and Buddhism Zen. This ethics benefits the forming process of one’s good personality, moreover the mechanism of forming personality will wield influence on the writer‘s interpreting way about the world both inside and outside in the view of literary as the Dasein subject)’s interpretation of being-in-the-world. - The influences of Fromm’s theory of self-love on the writes’ literary creating and their works have been analyzed comprehensively in terms of social psychology in this paper, and the profound significance of self-love theory to constituting subjectivity and the discourse mode is unfolded theoretically. The main aim of this paper is to make a philosophical and ethical inquiry of E. Fromm’s theory of self-love in light of literary creation and three conclusions could be attained that it is the prerequisite of constituting the subject properly and an essential condition f being with the other companionably, its practice could have significant implications for living and literary creation. - The origin and history of self-love theory present in the first part.– In the second part its theoretic content unfolds that the dualism of I-thou is negated into the unity of >we< as loving consequence, self-love means an unit with self and me that renders one self’s restoration and fulfillment, the basic and premise of other kinds of love and full-revelation of love’s subjectivity.– There are two analyses about influences of the qualities of self-love on literary creation in part three negatively inspiration of creation would be lightened without self-love but its fruits are insufficient and deformed, on the contrary that great works of enduring vitality being beyond time and individuality could be produced because of full self-love with unity of self and me and integrality of I and the world.– In the fourth part, the theory of self-love could provide the basement for backing to human’s nature and realizing human’s value, and the well-founded ground of literary creation in beginning phase. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tan, Xiaoqin T1 - Research on Fromm’s Psychoanalysis [弗洛姆的精神分析理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 2014. N2 - 社会的快节奏和高压力使精神疾病迅速增加,精神健康问题日益彰显,关注人们主观世界的精神分析理论逐渐成为学界研究热点之一。作为20世纪弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义者,弗洛姆试图整合他一生最为推崇的两位思想家(马克思和弗洛伊德)的观点,来解决他所关注的社会问题,并力图对马克思主义理论进行深化和拓展,形成了其独特的人本主义的精神分析理论。然而,国内学界对弗洛姆的精神分析理论的关注虽多但不系统,而本文立足于弗洛姆论著的研读,结合国内外对弗洛姆精神分析理论的研究成果,力图对弗洛姆的精神分析理论从形成背景、概念辨析、研究对象、基本内容等方面作系统阐述和研究。本文要解决的关键问题首先是对多数学者忽略的精神分析这个概念进行解析,以便扫除界定弗洛姆精神分析内涵所遇到的障碍,希望为学界研究提供一些参考;其次通过论述弗洛姆精神分析理论研究对象和基本内容全面突出弗洛姆精神分析理论的独特性和重要性,尤其是关注了理论中长期被忽略的宗教方面的思想,以补充学界对弗洛姆精神分析理论全面研究的不足;再者从分析视域、方法和立足点出发对弗洛姆精神分析理论的特点进行独特探讨,同时通过分析弗洛姆精神分析理论与其他相关理论的关系来论述弗洛姆对他人理论的吸收和改造,与他理论的合理性和局限性,以便能更好地理解弗洛姆精神分析思想的理论和现实意义,能够为我国深化改革和构建以人为本的和谐社会提供依据和参考. N2 - The fast pace of society and high pressure cause the increase in mental illness, and mental health problems are increasingly apparent. The theory of psychoanalysis which focuses on people’s subjective spirit world has gradually become one of academic research hot topics. As a Marxian of Freudism in 20th century, Fromm tried to integrate Marx and Freud’s viewpoint to solve the problems he concerned. And he tried hard to deepen and expand the Marxist theories and developed a unique humanistic psychoanalysis theory. - However, the domestic academic haven’t pay enough attention on Fromm’s psychoanalysis, but this thesis systematically investigates the theory’s forming background, concept discrimination, research object, basic content based on Fromm’s treatises and domestic and foreign research. I hope this article can solve these key problems: First of all, this thesis clarifies the concept of psychoanalysis and defines connotation which most scholars ignore so to clear away the obstacles to understanding. This explanation can provide some reference for academic research. - Then the article respectively expounds research object and basic content, especially focus on the long-neglected religious thought. - And with that we are able to highlight the theory’s uniqueness and importance and enrich the existing researches. We start from the field of vision, method of study and standpoint to discuss the psychoanalysis’s unique theoretical characteristics. - Through investigating absorption and transformation of theory to others, rationalities and limitations of Fromm’s theory, we hope this investigation could provide the basis and reference for the deepening of our reform and the construction of people-oriented and harmonious society. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Talfanidis, Konstantinos A1 - Maniadakis, Grigoris T1 - Studying the archives of the Hellenic Society of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: An outline of its historical course JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Abingdon (Routledge - Taylor and Francis) Vol. 23 (No. 2, 2014), pp. 127-132. N2 - The authors attempt to outline the historical course of the Hellenic Society of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy (HSPP). They put forward several hypotheses concerning the dynamics of its foundation and evolution. The HSPP was founded in 1977 by five Greek psychoanalysts and psychoanalytic psychotherapists trained abroad, after three decades of fruitless attempts at establishing psychoanalysis in Greece. The authors sustain that the foundation of the HSPP addressed the complex problems of Greek society in the 1970s. The request for the founding of an institution for psychoanalytic therapy and training can be linked to a search for new orientations in thought that would enhance the working-through of traumas that had marked Greek society in the previous decades; these traumas played a role in the insurmountable problems in establishing psychoanalysis in Greece and in the difficulties met by the emancipation of Greek psychiatry from asylum-centered practice. The HSPP remained the only psychoanalytic institution in Greece until the foundation of the Hellenic Psychoanalytic Society in 1984. One of the main traits of its historical course has been the effort to shape a psychoanalytic organization directed towards the clinical reality of Greek society. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sun, Yan T1 - Fromm’s >Escape Mechanism< [略晰弗洛姆的>逃避机制<] N2 - 逃避机制作为一种心理机制形式,其概念涉及的是潜意识,并通过理性化和性格特质的方式表现出来,是作为精神及心理分析家的弗洛姆在研究自由对现代人的含义的基础上提出来的,本文从逃避机制的产生,内容及解决途径方面阐述自由对现代人的影响。 N2 - Escape mechanism as a form of psychological mechanism, the concept involves the subconscious, and through rational manner and personality traits manifested as a spiritual and psychological research analysts Fromm freedom of the modern proposed on the basis of meaning, this paper produced escape mechanisms, content and Solutions expounds influence on modern liberty. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stūre-Stūriņa, Ieva T1 - Bēgšanas mehānismi un nāves dziņa: sadomazohisms un destruktivitāte JF - I. Suvajevs (Ed.), Begsana no brivibas? Erihs Fromms un Latjija, Riga (University of Latvia, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology) 2014, pp. 81-92. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stensson, Jan T1 - Fifty years of the IFPS: Some personal memories and comments JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Abingdon (Routledge - Taylor and Francis) Vol. 23 (No. 2, 2014), pp. 115-118. N2 - Against the background of a condensed sketch of the psychotherapeutic tradition in Sweden, I indicate my own path to the International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies (IFPS). The 1962 Forum, held in Amsterdam, at which the IFPS was founded, is depicted through a young man's eyes. Some viewpoints are given on the importance of the IFPS's existence. The development of the journal International Forum of Psychoanalysis is also described and commented on. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stensson, Jan T1 - Eden Halt. An Antrim Memoir JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Abingdon (Routledge - Taylor and Francis) Vol. 23 (No. 3, 2014), pp. 189f. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stensson, Jan T1 - Bringing up baby: The psychoanalytic infant comes of age JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Abingdon (Routledge - Taylor and Francis) Vol. 23 (No. 4, 2014), pp. 253f. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinmetz, George T1 - From Sociology to Socioanalysis: Rethinking Bourdieu’s Concepts of Habitus, Symbolic Capital, and Field along Psychoanalytic Lines JF - L. Chancer and J. Andrews (Eds.), The Unhappy Divorce of Sociology and Psychoanalysis. Diverse Perspectives on the Psychosocial (Studies in the Psychosocial, ed. by Peter Redman), New York (Palgrave Macmillan) 2014, pp. 203-219. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stein, Arlene T1 - The Shame of Survival: Rethinking Trauma’s Aftermath JF - L. Chancer and J. Andrews (Eds.), The Unhappy Divorce of Sociology and Psychoanalysis. Diverse Perspectives on the Psychosocial (Studies in the Psychosocial, ed. by Peter Redman), New York (Palgrave Macmillan) 2014, pp. 338-356. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Stark, Christopher T1 - Neoliberalyse: Über die Ökonomisierung unseres Alltags, Wien (Mandelbaum) 2014, 348 pp. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Smulevicz-Zucker, Gregory R. T1 - The Relevance of Fromm's Concept of the Distorted Personality JF - S. J. Miri, R. Lake, T. M. Kress (Eds.), Reclaiming the Sane Society. Essays on Erich Fromm's Thought, Rotterdam - Boston - Taipei (Sense Publishers) 2014, pp. 163-185. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Smelser, Neil J. T1 - Sustaining an Unlikely Marriage: Biographical, Theoretical, and Intellectual Notes JF - L. Chancer and J. Andrews (Eds.), The Unhappy Divorce of Sociology and Psychoanalysis. Diverse Perspectives on the Psychosocial (Studies in the Psychosocial, ed. by Peter Redman), New York (Palgrave Macmillan) 2014, pp. 101-121. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sjödin, Christer T1 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis: Some reflections on editing a psychoanalytical journal JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Abingdon (Routledge - Taylor and Francis) Vol. 23 (No. 2, 2014), pp. 111-114. N2 - This paper outlines the history of the International Forum of Psychoanalysis, with special reference to its values, organization, and relation to technical developments, that is, the use of information technology in the handling of its manuscripts. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sjödin, Christer T1 - Clinical practice, conflict and alienation JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Abingdon (Routledge - Taylor and Francis) Vol. 23 (No. 3, 2014), pp. 133f. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Singh, Vikash T1 - Definitive Exclusions: The Social Fact and the Subjects of Neo-Liberalism JF - L. Chancer and J. Andrews (Eds.), The Unhappy Divorce of Sociology and Psychoanalysis. Diverse Perspectives on the Psychosocial (Studies in the Psychosocial, ed. by Peter Redman), New York (Palgrave Macmillan) 2014, pp. 380-400. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silver, Catherine B. T1 - Paranoid and Institutional Responses to Psychoanalysis among Early Sociologists: A Socio-Psychoanalytic Interpretation JF - L. Chancer and J. Andrews (Eds.), The Unhappy Divorce of Sociology and Psychoanalysis. Diverse Perspectives on the Psychosocial (Studies in the Psychosocial, ed. by Peter Redman), New York (Palgrave Macmillan) 2014, pp. 53-76. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silva García, Jorge T1 - On the origins of >machismo< and malignant aggression JF - Fromm Forum (English Edition – ISSN 1437-1189), 18 / 2014, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 21-27. T3 - Fromm Forum (English edition / englische Ausgabe) - e18/2014c Y1 - 2014 VL - e18/2014c ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Siebert, Rudolf T1 - Erich Fromm's Social Psychological Theory of Religion: Toward the X-experience and the City of Being JF - S. J. Miri, R. Lake, T. M. Kress (Eds.), Reclaiming the Sane Society. Essays on Erich Fromm's Thought, Rotterdam - Boston - Taipei (Sense Publishers) 2014, pp. 117-136. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shilina, N. E. T1 - Взаимодействие личности и общества: психоанализ конфликта [Interaction between the individual and society: psychoanalysis conflict] JF - Грані [Granì], Vol. 17, No. 2 (2014), pp. 22-28. [Print ISSN 2077-1800] [grani.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/421/432] N2 - Статья посвящена проблеме становления личности в современном информационном обществе, основными чертами которого являются его информатизация, создание новых интеллектуальных технологий, ускорение темпов развития техники, превращение информации в важнейший глобальный ресурс человечества. Автор анализирует психоаналитический подход к рассмотрению личности З. Фрейда, К.Г. Юнга и Э. Фромма. Затрагивается проблема целостности личности и пути ее достижения. Единое информационное пространство, также как и единое психическое пространство (коллективное бессознательное) ставят перед личностью две противоположные задачи: преодолеть разобщенность, созданную личными границами собственного >Я< и объединиться с обществом в поисках целостности, и сформировать свое личное пространство, выкроить в этой общности свою личную персональную зону комфорта, где личность сможет получить ощущение свободы и осознание своей уникальности, и, как ни удивительно, также целостности. Раскрыта проблема виртуальной реальности и ее влияния на формирование самосознания личности. Показаны позитивные и негативные аспекты влияния информационных технологий на самоидентификацию личности в современном пространстве. N2 - The article deals with the formation of personality in today’s information society, the main features of which are its computerization, new intelligent technologies, accelerating the pace of technological development, the transformation of information into a major global resource of mankind. The author analyzes the psychoanalytic approach to the consideration of personality Freud, C. G Jung and Erich Fromm. Address the issue of the integrity of the person and the way to achieve it. Common information space, as well as a single mental space (the collective unconscious) pose in front of a person two opposite goals: to overcome the fragmentation created personal boundaries own >I< and unite with a society in search of integrity, and create their own personal space, carve out in this community their personal personal comfort zone, where a person can get a sense of freedom and awareness of their uniqueness, and, surprisingly, also integrity. Disclosed the problem of virtual reality and its impact on the formation of self-consciousness. Showing the positive and negative aspects of the impact of information technology on the identity of the individual in modern space. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shi, Xuejiao T1 - Cultivate >All-healthy Man< – Research on Fromm's Education Thougt [培养>健全的人< – 弗洛姆教育思想研究], Master thesis, Education History, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2014. N2 - 弗洛姆是一位人本主义教育家,毕生致力于>人<的问题的研究,关注人的本性,人的异化和人的解放。他从两次世界大战后西方社会人的生存处境出发,批判了资本主义社会政治、经济和教育的异化,希望通过对社会政治、经济和文化教育的改革,建立一个健全的社会,培养健全的人。论文对弗洛姆培养健全的人的教育思想的研究分四个部分予以展开。第一部分从弗洛姆独特的成长经历、动荡不安的社会以及现代社会人所面临的精神危机三个方面论述了>培养健全的人<教育思想的产生背景。第二部分主要是从弗洛伊德的精神分析理论、马克思的人学思想以及弗洛姆的人性理论三个方面阐述了弗洛姆培养健全的人教育思想的理论渊源和思想基础。第三部分主要介绍了弗洛姆培养健全的人教育思想的基本内容。通过介绍弗洛姆对资本主义社会教育异化的批判,引出教育的目标是要培养健全的人。而健全的人是追寻积极自由、具有生产性性格、重生存和具有创造性的爱的能力的人。健全的人的塑造需要在社会经济、政治和教育等若干领域进行全面变革。只有这样才能实现人的全面发展。第四部分则对弗洛姆的教育思想进行了评价。其理论价值主要在于更加重视个人潜能的发展,局限性则是过分夸大了个人心理的作用。弗洛姆培养健全的人的教育思想在促进个体健全人格的培养、重视成人教育等方面对我国当前教育具有一定的启示和借鉴意义。 N2 - Fromm, a humanistic educator, dedicated his life to the research of >man<, which mainly focus on human nature, human alienation and human liberation. Proceeding from the living conditions of people in society after World War Ⅱ, he criticized the alienation of politics, economy and education in capitalism society. He hoped through the reform of social political, economic, and cultural education, we could establish a sound social that cultivating all-healthy man. The paper can be divided into four parts, analyzing Fromm’s educational thought of cultivating all-healthy man.– The first part discusses the background of the >all-healthy man< educational thought from the following three aspects, Fromm’s unique growing experience, the turbulent social and the spiritual crisis that modern society people faced. The second part analyzes the theory origin and ideological basis of Fromm’s educational thought of cultivating all-healthy man from the following three aspects, Freud’s psychoanalysis theory, Marx’s human thought and Fromm’s human nature theory.– The third part mainly introduces the basic content of Fromm education thought of cultivating all-healthy man. Through the introduction of Fromm’s criticism on the educational alienation in capitalist society, leading to the goal of education is to cultivate all-healthy man, who pursue positive liberty, possess productive character, pay highly attention to existence and have the creative ability of love. The shape of an all-healthy man needs the comprehensive reform on social economy, politics, education and some other fields. Only in this way can realize person’s full scale development.– The fourth part makes an evaluation on Fromm’s educational thought. The theory value lies on the attention to the development of individual potential, while excessively exaggerating the role of the individual psychology at the same time. Fromm’s educational thought of cultivating all-healthy man has a certain enlightenment and reference significance on the cultivation of all-healthy personality and adult education for the current education in our country. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sheng, Li T1 - >Their Eyes Were Watching God< in the Ethics of Love [《他们眼望上苍》中爱的伦理与意象延伸] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Era Literature (the second half) [时代文学(下半月)], No. 12 (2014), pp. 61-63. N2 - 《他们眼望上苍》中女主人公的婚姻暗合了女性通过作为记号语言的色彩意象主张话语权力、在与男性的共生想象中不断异化、到最后意识到虚假的性别平等关系并真正成长这一环形身份建构过程。本文依据弗洛姆的爱的理论,从伦理学的角度阐释小说中主人公爱的缺失与伦理困惑及意象延伸,从而反向证明爱的伦理对女性身份建构的重要影响。 N2 - >Their Eyes Were Watching God< in the heroine's marriage implies the woman as a color image of sign language by the idea of the power of discourse, in symbiosis with the male imagination constantly alienation, and finally realized that the relationship between gender equality and false growth of this ring true identity construction process. In this paper, based on the theory of Fromm's love, from an ethical point of view to explain the hero of the novel of love and ethical confusion and lack of imagery extends thus reverse the love ethic proved an important influence on the construction of female identity. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shchelokova, Yu. V. T1 - Поиск любви в безлюбом мире [The Search for Love in a Loveless World] JF - Психология и Психотехника [Psychology and Psychotechnics], Vol. 65, No. 2 (2014), pp. 173-181. [ISSN 2454-0722] N2 - Предметом исследования данной статьи является сущность любовного чувства, выражаю щаяся в концепции Платона, трактующей любовь как стремление восполнить утраченную целостность, которая была возрождена и по-новому ранжирована в трудах представителей гуманистической психоло-гии: Эриха Фромма, Гордона Олпорта, Карен Хорни, Гарри Салливана и других. Автор рассматривает различные виды любви, освещает проблему оскудения эмоционального мира современного человека, в сравнении, например, с античным греком, появления новых невротических видов любви, обусловленных проникновени- ем рыночных отношений в самые глубинные и интимные стороны человеческой жизни. В работе в различных комбинациях в зависимости от поставленных задач использовались общенаучные методы исследования: метод сравнительного анализа, синтез, структурный и системный методы. Научная новизна данной статьи состоит в том, что в ней освещена идея любви Платона, возрожденная иполучившая философско-антропологическое осмысление в неофрейдизме, что позволило рассмотреть фено-мен любви в >человеческом измерении<. Автором было акцентировано внимание, на том, что представите-лями данного направления был сделан огромный вклад в изучении данной темы, а не только темы личности, индивидуальности, ценности человека. Любовь существует в разных формах, можно говорить о ее много- образных проявлениях, меняющихся от эпохи к эпохе, различных видах, но существует глубинная сущностьлюбви, выражающаяся в тоске человека по утраченной целостности и стремлении восполнить свою фрагментарность, разорванность, незавершенность в продуктивном союзе с другим человеком. Эмоциональный мир современного человека оскудевает, появляются новые невротические формы проявления любви, подме- няющие живые чувства рыночными отношениями. В гуманистической психологии впервые за долгое время было привлечено внимание к теме любви, была возрождена концепция любви как разрешения главной проблемы человеческого бытия, данная тема была ранжирована на материале современного общества. N2 - The subject matter of the present research article is the nature of human love as expressed in Plato’s philosophy. Plato viewed love as one’s desire to restore his integrity and become complete. The same idea was raised again by the followers of humanistic psychology such as Erich Fromm, Gordon Allport, Karen Horney, Harry Sullivan and others. The author of the present article describes different forms of love and touches upon the issue of emotional ‘poverty’ of a modern human compared to, for example, an ancient Greek. The author also underlines that new forms of neurotic love have been appearing lately. According to the author, this is the result of the invasion of market relations into the most intimate spheres of human life. In her research, depending on a set goal, the author uses general scientific methods of research such as the method of comparative analysis, synthesis, structured method and systems method. The scientific novelty of this research article is the discussion of Plato’s concept of love developed by neo-Freudianism which allowed to see the phenomenon of love in the ‘humanistic’ dimension. The author also emphasizes the fact that the representatives of humanistic psychology made a significant contribution to the studies of the phenomenon of love apart from their contribution to the development of the concepts of personality, individuality and value of human. Love exists in different forms so we can say it may have different expressions depending on the historical epoch, but the main motive of love has always been the longing for the lost integrity and the desire to overcome the feeling of existential loneliness and feel completed again in the union with the other person. However, a modern human has rather poor emotions and this leads to creation of new neurotic expressions of love where true feelings are replaced with the importance of market relations. For the first time in a long period of humanistic psychology the author attracts our attention to the topic of love again and restores the concept of love as the way to overcome the main problem of human existence based on the experience of the modern society. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shao, Xiaodan T1 - Love Philosophy – Understanding of Fromm’s >The Art of Loving< [爱的哲学—解读弗洛姆《爱的艺术》] JF - Journal of Yanbian Party School [延边党校学报], No. 4 (2014), pp. 25-27. N2 - 弗洛姆在《爱的艺术》一书中把爱理解为人类存在问题的答案。只有把爱的理论和实践结合起来才可以摆脱孤独感和恐惧感,达到人与自己、他人、社会的和谐相处。爱在本质上是给予,它的基本要素包括了关心、责任、尊重和认识。在实践上,除了具备一般艺术修养所需要的纪律、集中、耐心和兴趣之外,还需要爱的艺术所独有的摆脱自恋、拥有信仰和积极活动这三要素。虽然弗洛姆爱的哲学的初衷和构想都是美好的,但是他的理论还是存在局限性的,具有乌托邦的性质。 N2 - Fromm in >The Art of Loving<, a book of love understood as a problem of the human answer. Only the theory and practice of love can be combined to get rid of loneliness and fear, to reach people with ourselves, others, harmony of society. Love is essentially a given, and its basic elements include the care, responsibility, respect and understanding. In practice, in addition to general artistic accomplishments have discipline required, concentration, patience and interest beyond, but also love to get rid of unique artistic narcissism, have faith and active in these three elements. Although the philosophy of mind and vision Fromm love is wonderful, but the limitations of his theory still exists, with a utopian nature. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sekine, Hiroaki T1 - エーリッヒ ・ フロム ノ 「 リセイテキ ケンイ 」 ガイネン ニ タイスル イチ コウサツ : キョウイク ニ オケル ケンイ ニ ツイテ ノ シロン [An Essay about Authority in Education: Focusing Erich Fromm's Thoughts on >Rational Authority<] JF - リベラル・アーツ [Liberal Arts], No. 8 (2014), pp. 39-51. [ISSN 18816746] [core.ac.uk/download/229829681.pdf] N2 - The aim of this article is to rethink the authority in education tentatively. For this purpose, this article pays attention to a conception called >rational authority<, which was presented by Erich Fromm (1900-80), who was famous sociopsychologist in the 20th century. Many studies of pedagogy or educational science have emphasized the need of the authority in education. But most of them tend to discuss a desirable quantity of the authority and do not fully have qualitative discrimination of the authority in educational fields. However, Erich Fromm's thoughts on authority seem to have potentiality for that qualitative discrimination. According to Fromm's early texts, especially in Escape from Freedom (1941) and Man for Himself (1947), >rational authority< have four characteristics. That is, 1) >rational authority< is ruled by the elements of love, admiration and gratitude, 2) it can become the model of the identification generally or partially, 3) the authority has its source in competence, and 4) it is always temporary. It is certain that these characteristics are rather abstractive, but in considering works of his latter period, the dynamics between >rational authority< and >inhibiting authority< is suggested. This dynamism hints for the possibility of rethinking of the authority in education. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Schönefeld, Marcel T1 - Gefühls(leben). Wie sollte ich sein oder wer bin ich wirklich. Typecript, Berlin 2014, 151 pp. Y1 - 2014 ER -