TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Shanrui T1 - The Book >The Art of Loving< [《爱的艺术》读后感] N2 - 弗洛姆生于德国的法兰克福,二十世纪二十年代是闻名的>法兰克福学派<成员之一。他认为现代人是靠幻想活着的,因为只有幻想才能使人忍受现实的生活。所以人获取解放的基本条件必须先意识到这一点,然后就能用自己的力量去改变现实,从而摆脱幻想,达到个人和社会的变化。在本书中他反复强调对人类存在这一问题的真正、全面的回答是要在爱中实现人与人之间的统一。作者认为爱情并不是一种与人的成熟度无关的感情,而是一门可以通过训练自己的纪律、集中和耐心学到手的一门艺术。 N2 - Fromm was born in Frankfurt, Germany, in the 1920s was a member of the famous >Frankfurt School<. He believes that modern man is alive by the fantasy, because only fantasy to real life people endure. So people get liberated basic conditions must be aware of this, and then be able to use their own power to change reality, to get rid of illusions, to personal and social change. In this book, he repeatedly stressed the problem of human existence truly comprehensive answer is to achieve unity between people in love. Authors believe that love is not a man of maturity has nothing to do with feelings, but one can train their own discipline, focus and patience Xue Daoshou of an art. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Shuai T1 - Consumption Alienation: Dual Thinking of Theory and Reality [消费异化:理论和现实的双重思考], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, China Youth Political Institute, Beijing, China 2017. N2 - 自古以来,消费就一直存在于社会市场的经济运营中,并始终占据着重要的地位。从一方面来看,消费促进了生产力的发展,加速了消费商品的生产与销售,对人类社会的进步起到了重要的作用;但从另一个方面来看它却又给人们带来了不可避免的负面影响。例如,随着生活水平的提高,人们的消费行为出现了一些不正常现象,其中无节制地吃喝玩乐、攀比奢侈消费之风的蔓延都是典型表现。这种消费异化现象的出现不仅阻碍了人的自由全面发展,而且还不利于国家、世界的稳定发展。本文从马克思的异化思想及劳动异化入手,以马克思主义的基本理论为依据,对消费异化从理论和现实两方面进行分析,且在鲍德里亚、马尔库塞、弗洛姆和生态马克思主义学者等人所提出的消费异化理论基础上进行了认真的整理和总结,并希望可以通过一系列的分析和讨论能够让人们走出消费异化误区,感受生活的本真,追求生命的本身。文章以概括、梳理了异化消费现状分析为核心,共分四个部分。第一部分是绪论,主要介绍了本文选题的背景和意义、以往研究成果、消费异化含义、国内外研究现状综述等。第二部分则从马克思和西方马克思主义学者两个角度阐释了>消费异化<的理论渊源。第三部分则介绍了>消费异化<的现状和表现以及消费异化产生的内外根源,与此同时文章还着重从消费文化、消费主体、价值取向这三个方面对消费异化现象进行了有力的批判。第四部分主要从坚持适度理性消费、弘扬绿色生态消费、提倡个人精神文明消费、重塑健康消费文化四个方面入手,对消费异化这一问题展开对策性分析,并提出笔者观点:消费异化的祛除需要我们社会中每个人的共同努力,而当我们全社会消费者广泛投入,携手共进,利用一切方法和途径去充盈我们的精神需要、丰富我们的精神生活的时候,那么我们消除消费异化必将指日可待! N2 - Since ancient times, consumption has been in the social market economic operation, and always occupies a prominent position. On the one hand, consumption has promoted the development of productive forces, accelerated the production and sale of consumer goods, played an important role in the progress of human society; but from another point of view it has brought people to the inevitable For example, with the improvement of living standards, people’s consumption behavior has some abnormal phenomenon, unrestrained eating and drinking, comparisons of luxury consumption of the spread of the wind is one of the typical performance. The emergence of this phenomenon of consumption alienation not only hindered the free and comprehensive development of people, but also detrimental to the stable development of the country and the world. In this paper, Author makes a comprehensive analysis of consumption alienation based on the philosophical thinking of >consumption alienation< from the Marxist alienation and the alienation of labor, and in Baudrillard, Marcuse. On the basis of the theory of consumption alienation proposed by the scholars such as Fromm and Ecology Marxists, it is hoped that a series of analysis and discussion can make people out of the alienation of consumption and feel the truth of life, the pursuit of life itself. The article is divided into four parts, The first part, the introduction. This paper mainly introduces the background and significance of this topic, the previous research results, the meaning of consumption alienation, and the current research status at home and abroad. The second part, the origin of the theory of >consumption alienation<. This part mainly deals with the related expositions of Marx and Western Marxist scholars on consumption alienation. In the third part, the author introduces the present situation of consumption alienation, the material and spirit of consumption alienation, the expression of four aspects of luxury and sports, the internal and external analysis of consumption alienation, the consumption culture, consumption subject, value orientation of the three aspects of the phenomenon of criticism. The fourth part, mainly to eliminate the phenomenon of consumption alienation countermeasures, that is adhere to moderate rational consumption, promote green ecological consumption, promote personal spiritual civilization consumption, reshape the healthy consumption of four aspects of culture analysis, and pointed out that the dissipation of consumption needs us Everyone in the community’s joint efforts, only our whole society consumers are widely engaged, hand in hand, use all methods and ways to fill our spiritual needs, enrich our spiritual life, then we eliminate consumption alienation will be just around the corner! [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Shuming T1 - A DT-Interpretation of Marx’s and Fromm’s Alienation Theories DT时代下马克思与弗洛姆异化理论的再解读 JF - Study and Practice in Tongren 知行铜仁, No. 5 (2016), pp. 69-73. N2 - 马克思的异化劳动理论见于马克思在其著作《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中提出的一个非常重要的理论,在马克思思想发展历程中占有特殊地位,是马克思思想走向成熟途中的一级重要阶梯。弗洛姆的异化理论来源于弗洛伊德的精神分析学和马克思的劳动异化论,认为异化是一种心理体验,人类的历史就是人不断发展同时不断异化的历史,异化表现在社会生活的各个领域,而异化产生于人类生存的两歧,只有通过心理革命和社会革命才能消除。不论是马克思还是弗洛姆阐发异化理论的最终目的都是想要解决异化的社会与异化的个体,让人全面发展。进入DT时代,也就是数据时代,一个新时代应当对彼时代的经典理论做出调适。 N2 - Marx's theory of alienated labor is found in a very important theory put forward by Marx in his book >Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844<, which occupies a special position in the course of the development of Marx's thought, which is one of the ways of Marx's thought level important steps. Fromm's theory of alienation is derived from Freud's psychoanalysis and Marx's theory of labor alienation. It is a kind of psychological experience that human history is the history of people's continuous development and alienation. Each field and alienation arising from the human survival of the two differences, only through the psychological revolution and social revolution can be eliminated. Whether Marx or Fromm elucidation of alienation theory is the ultimate goal is to solve the alienated society and alienation of the individual, people all-round development. Into the DT-era, that is, the data technology age, a new era should be on the era of the classic theory to make adjustments. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Sihui T1 - Study on Alienation of Short Video Technology, Master thesis, Computer Software and Application of Computer; Journalism and Media, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2023. [doi.org/10.27328/d.cnki.gshsc.2023.000873] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] With the rapid development of the Internet and the widespread use of mobile devices, short video applications have become widely available on people’s smartphones, playing an important role in their daily lives. Currently, short video technology is constantly changing and gradually improving its functions, which has greatly enriched people’s daily life, and browsing short videos has become an important way of leisure for people, and the number of short videos has grown geometrically with users, however, short video technology has also produced alienation in this process. This article, based on Marxist humanist thought, Marcuse’s theory of technological alienation, and Fromm’s humanization of technology, delves deeply into the related issues of short video technology alienation and its governance, providing important theoretical guidance and practical reference for the development of short videos.– The specific performance of short video technology alienation is mainly in the following four aspects: First, the thinking alienation caused by short video algorithm recommendation technology, which is mainly reflected in the gradual reduction of people’s logical thinking ability, the weakening of rational judgment ability and the increasing instrumental rationality; second, the aesthetic alienation caused by short video beauty technology, mainly manifested by the objectification of self-aesthetics, the convergence of individual aesthetics and the increasing vulgarization of the mass aesthetic; thirdly, the alienation of values caused by short video rewarding technology is mainly reflected in the formation of wrong career and consumption views by diversified values, the enhancement of utilitarian values and the prevalence of egoistic values; finally, the alienation of self-presentation caused by following technology is mainly reflected in the entertainment and homogenization of self-presentation and the confusion of real self and ideal self. The causes of the problem of short video technology alienation can be attributed to three main aspects. Firstly, on the technological level, the flawed design of short video technology, including structural elements, and the uncertainty of the consequences of its application, have led to the occurrence of short video technology alienation. Secondly, on the subject level, the blind pursuit of profit by the design subject, the value of flow prioritization by the production subject, and the lack of rationality by the application subject have all contributed to the problem. Thirdly, on the social level, the undesirable effect of short video pan-entertainment, the imperfect moral education of short video technology and the unsound social supervision all lead to the alienation of short video technology to a certain extent.– This article analyzes and summarizes the problem of short video technology alienation through the method of literature analysis and the combination of theory and practice. The following measures are proposed: first, technical governance of short video technology alienation by establishing the concept of human-centered design, improving the algorithm recommendation technology system and forming an information filtering ecological environment; second, for individual governance, it is necessary to strengthen the unity of designer’s rights and obligations, promote the unity of author’s subjectivity and initiative, and encourage application users to rationally evaluate technology; third, in terms of social governance, the leading role of values should be improved, the moral education of short video technology should be strengthened, and the social regulation system should be improved. These measures are expected to promote the progress of short video technology and create a healthy short video environment. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2024] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Songlin T1 - On Evil Characters of Shakespeare's Dramas [莎士比亚戏剧恶魔人物论], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, China 2006 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Evil is a common social phenomenon, the which is also an inner factor of humanity as opposed to benevolence As an important mental the activity reflecting reality and humanity, literature depicts multifarious evils Forming to a literary peak during the Renaissance Shakespeare's drama penetrates humanity and reveals the wickedness in it by the characterization of demons of various types. Firmly grounded in reality, Shakespeare reforms and refines those evil creatures and models a series of realistic demonic figures. This thesis intends to outline the development of the Shakespearean demonic character, and eventually pins down the reasons and causes for their artistic charms.– The first chapter explores the source of demons, briefly summarizes evil and demonic figures, elucidates the connotation of demon as a special concept, and classifies and generalizes demonic images in literature throughout the ages.– The second chapter specifically analyzes the demonic behaviors and the related psychology in Shakespeare's dramas, largely depending on Erich Fromm's theory on the nature of evil. This is generalized as being of three types: death desire, vicious narcissism, and the Oedipus complex. There is a range of demonic figures corresponding to each type: Richard III and Macbeth belong to the first, whose mentalities run counter to normality, and they both have a violent destructive impulse and a strong desire for power. They are keen on violence and killing. Lago and Richard III belong to the type of vicious narcissism: they isolate themselves from society, grab power as a counter-balance to their solitary plight, make judgment with egoistic attitude, and keep doing villainy in their own interests at the price of innocent lives. Richard III and Macbeth are also demons: they have the complex of patricide. Freud considers human nature to be evil and maintains that a man has a latent Oedipus complex, but this thesis puts this Complex into broad senses.– The third chapter analyzes the importance of demonic figures from a historical angle. Demonic figures are common in the Western literature. Originally it is a theological concept in ... N2 - >恶<是生活中常见的一种社会现象,也是人性中与善相对立的因素。作为观照生活、反映人性的重要精神活动,文学对恶的描述可谓多彩多姿。莎士比亚戏剧作为西方文学史上的一座高峰,对人性恶的揭露更是入木三分。莎士比亚立足现实生活,对社会中的>恶人<加以提炼,塑造了一系列栩栩如生的>恶魔式<人物形象,深刻地揭露了人性之恶。本文拟通过对莎剧中恶魔人物心理的分析,梳理出恶魔形象发展的线索,进而探讨恶魔吸引人的缘由。本文有以下几个部分构成:引言主要理清本课题的国内外研究现状,确定本文研究方法及拟解决的问题。第一章是恶魔探源。简单梳理和总结恶及恶魔形象,从恶的概念入手来阐发恶魔的内涵,并对文学中的恶魔形象进行分类概括。第二章主要用精神分析学派学者弗洛姆>恶的本性<的理论,深入分析莎剧中的恶魔人物的心理。本文将恶魔心理分为:>爱死<,恶性自恋,弑父情结。莎剧中的恶人的心理分属不同的类型:理查三世和麦克白是具有>爱死<心理的恶魔,其心理有悖于正常人,他们有强烈的破坏欲和权力欲,往往把暴力和残杀当作人生的乐趣,爱死心理是危害最大的一种恶劣心理。伊阿古、理查三世具有恶性自恋者心理的恶魔,他们把自我同社会隔绝,紧紧拥抱权力来抵御孤独和恐惧,并以自我为中心来判断事情,不断地为私利作恶,而不惜残害人的生命。理查三世和麦克白是具有弑父情结的恶魔。文中把对父亲,以及对类似于父亲的权威力量的颠覆和反叛,当作弑父情结的表现。第三章是从文学史的角度来分析莎剧恶魔形象的重要性。恶魔形象是西方文学作品中经常出现的一种文学类型,从中世纪的奇迹剧、道德剧开始,人们对它的认识,从抽象的神学观念上的魔鬼逐渐演变成感性的人的形象。文学作品中出现了许多恶魔形象,并积累了一系列塑造恶魔的手法。莎士比亚既继承了传统戏剧塑造恶人的有益成果,如对中世纪>孽障<、>罪恶<等作恶角色的借鉴,同时又 Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Suhang T1 - The Paradox of Freedom and Its Utopia – A Textual Interpretation of >Escape from Freedom< [自由的悖论及其乌托邦——《逃避自由》的文本阐释] JF - Modern and Ancient Culture [今古文创], No. 4 (2020), pp. 27-30. N2 - 弗洛姆针对第二次世界大战的发生,将弗洛伊德的精神学说和马克思理论相结合,弗洛姆认为自由是近现代欧美资本主义国家追求的核心概念,寄托了人们摆脱束缚的需求。自由是人的本质,它是随着个体化的加深而不断发展。在其发展过程中,一方面是个体力量的增长,另一方面则是孤独感的加深。这使自由呈现出一种悖论:获得自由意味着失去安全感和归属感,安全感和归属感的获得又使个体失去自由。人在两难困境中会逃避自由,并存在着逃避自由的三种机制——权威主义、破坏欲、机械趋同。弗洛姆认为实现积极自由既能使人保持个性与完整性,又能建立与世界的联系,从而获得一种安全感和归属感,但其提倡以爱和劳动来实现积极自由则带有乌托邦的色彩。 N2 - In response to the Second World War, Fromm combined Freudian spirituality with Marxian theory. Fromm argued that freedom was a central concept pursued in modern European and American capitalist countries, and that it underpinned people's need to be free from bondage. Freedom is the essence of the human being, and it evolves with the deepening of individuation. In the process of its development, there is an increase in individual power on the one hand, and a deepening sense of isolation on the other. This presents freedom as a paradox: the acquisition of freedom means the loss of security and belonging, and the acquisition of security and belonging leads to the loss of freedom. The dilemma is that people avoid freedom, and there are three mechanisms for doing so - authoritarianism, destructiveness, and mechanical convergence. Fromm believes that the achievement of positive freedom allows one to maintain one's individuality and integrity while establishing a sense of security and belonging to the world, but his advocacy of love and labor to achieve positive freedom has utopian overtones. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Tao T1 - Philosophical Thinking in Human Consumption [人情消费中所蕴含的哲学思辨] JF - Manager Journal [经营管理者], No. 19 (2017), pp. 183-184. N2 - 人情和消费本应是分属于不同领域的关键词,把它们组合在一起就成为了现如今一个社会现象的代名词。本文试从经济学角度切入,利用社会学、心理学特别是哲学角度对人情消费个案、问题域进行分析,并从>西马主义<的代表—E.弗洛姆的视角进行阐释。本文批判一种充斥着消费关系的人情和一种建立在人情基础上的消费。 N2 - Human and consumption should be divided into different areas of the key words, put them together has become a synonym for a social phenomenon nowadays. This paper attempts to cut down from the perspective of economics, the use of sociology, psychology, especially philosophical point of view of human consumption cases, the problem domain analysis, and from the >Western Marxist< representative - E. Fromm perspective to explain. This article criticizes a consumer relationship filled with consumer relations and a consumer based on human consumption. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Tao T1 - Research on Erich Fromm’s Theory of Aesthetics [弗洛姆美学思想研究], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆,美籍德裔犹太人,20世纪享有盛誉的人本主义精神分析学家、哲学家和社会学家。弗洛姆一生致力于人类解放的伟大事业,对人的生存境况和前途命运表现出深切的关怀,为实现人类的自由幸福描绘出美好的蓝图。本论文试从文艺美学的角度,对弗洛姆的美学思想展开深入地探讨与研究。以弗洛姆对人之生存问题的审美关怀为基础,以他关于人之生存困境的症候分析、生存危机的原因剖析以及对人之自由的审美救赎这三个论题的探讨为结构框架,对其美学思想进行分析梳理,进而做一深入的研究阐释。具体而言,首先,阐述弗洛姆美学思想的理论来源。弗洛姆的思想综合了弗洛伊德与马克思的学说,将对人的精神分析与社会文化研究相结合,从而形成了自己独特的理论体系。然后,论述弗洛姆美学思想的主要内容。弗洛姆看到了现代工业社会造成了人在生活各个领域的全面异化,人彻底丧失了生存的自由,面临着严峻的生存危机。在深入剖析造成这一危机的人性根源和社会现实原因的基础之上,他提出了一条审美的解救之途,即通过爱、宗教和艺术的审美力量,解决人之生存的两歧矛盾,打破社会禁锢人的幻想锁链,重建人与自我、人与他人以及人与社会的和谐关系,重获人之自由。最后,探讨弗洛姆美学思想的现实启示及局限性。弗洛姆的美学思想在当代仍具有积极的启示和借鉴作用,但同时,由于他过分推崇爱的作用以及宗教和艺术的革命功能,而忽略了现实的革命实践,因此,这一审美的救赎带有浓重的乌托邦色彩,在现实中难以付诸实践,注定只能是一种美好的愿望与企盼。 N2 - Erich Fromm, German-American Jew, the famous humanistic psychoanalyst, philosopher and so-ciologist in 20th century. Fromm devoted all his life to the great cause of human liberation, he showed a deep concern for human’s living conditions and their future destiny, and drew a beautiful blueprint for their free and happy life in the future. This paper will have a deeply research on Fromm’s aesthetics from the perspective of literary aesthetics. The research based on his aesthetic concern for the situation of human’s existence, as the framework of three theses: what’s the performance of people’s existential plight, what the reason of this difficult position is, and how to regain freedom from aesthetics.– Specifically, first expound the theoretical sources of Fromm’s aesthetics. Fromm’s idea combined the theory of Marx and Freud, connected the psychoanalysis with the social and cultural research. On this basis, he formed his own theoretical system.– The next, discuss the main content of Fromm’s aesthetics. Fromm saw the modern industrial society has made the alienation of people in all areas of life, people completely lost their freedom, facing a severe crisis of survival. On the basis of the in-depth analysis of the humanity and the social reasons of this crisis, he proposed an aesthetic salvation, that is, using the aesthetic power of love, religion and art, to solve the contradiction of human’s existence, to break the fantastic chains, and to rebuild the harmonious relationship between man and himself, man and other peoples, or man and the society.– Finally, explore the realistic enlightenment and the limitations of Fromm’s aesthetics. Fromm’s aesthetics still has a positive inspiration and reference today, but at the same time, because he exaggerated the function of love, religion and art, while ignoring the revolutionary practice, so this aesthetic redemption is difficult to put into practice in the real world, and is bound to be a beautiful wish which cannot be achieved. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Tengwen T1 - >The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844< in the Vision of Frankfurt School [法兰克福学派视域下的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》], Master thesis, Foreign Marxist Research, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2017. N2 - 法兰克福学派的社会批判理论具有很强的现实针对性,反映了19世纪30年代的时代特征。关于法兰克福学派的政治观点,主要反映在霍克海默、阿多诺、马尔库塞等人对大众文化理论的批判中。法兰克福学派被称为新马克思主义的代表派系,他们打破实证主义,以反实证主义的视角重新审视社会现状。法兰克福学派不仅继承了青年黑格尔学派的相关理论,而且受到叔本华和尼采非理性思想影响,还吸收了新康德主义和韦伯的文化批判理论。其中,马克思早期著作《1844年经济学哲学手稿》(以下简称《手稿》)中的异化概念对法兰克福学派影响最为深刻,他们以此为根基,创立了一套特色的社会批判理论体系,并由此进入到对资本主义意识形态批判中,在法兰克福学派理论家的眼中,批判是理论特色的标志,批判理论高于哲学,且与哲学思想形成对立。法兰克福学派的批判理论,批判否定一切现存的事物,同时,对一切事物真理追求复归到事物自身之中。20世纪的30年代,法兰克福学派批判视角开始转变,那时西方工人的运动处于低潮时期,法西斯的集权主义者在欧洲迅速崛起,在此种背景下,法兰克福学派的理论家们的研究重心不在是无产阶级所具有的强大的革命信念,而转向了对工人阶级意识形态研究,由此进入对《手稿》工人阶级的同情和关注的视域中。他们试图唤起人们理性觉醒,来打破实证主义的思维模式。在《启蒙辩证法》中,霍克海默和阿多诺指出从启蒙运动至今,人类的理性虽然获得了一些成就,但是与此同时,人类的理性坠入了实证主义思维模式中,在现代化的工业社会中,人类理性的思考和反思,沦为了奴隶,成为了工具,这种理性不在是服务于民,而是成为人类谋取利益的手段,理性的背后是一种钱权交易、是一场话剧表演、是一种景观社会。理性失去了为人类自由而奋斗的意义,不在是忠诚服务者,却成为人类的统治者。对此,法兰克福学派理论家在研究工业社会的高级文化、通俗文化等问题时,他们都围绕着对理性问题的研究。他们通过对资本主义的工业文化的批判,进而对整个意识形态的批判。在法兰克福学派对资本主义意识形态的批判中,我们可以来理解《手稿》对国民经济学家批判,马克思批判了国民经济学家所遵循的经济理性原则,是否科学,是否现实,是否符合工人的利益。法兰克福学派的理论家们对这种所谓的经济理性原则,进行了深刻的思考,揭示了资本主义经济理性的背后,所掩饰的个人经济利益、个人的权利以及人与人等级划分等问题。法兰克福学派以敏锐的视角发掘到资本主义经济理性原则背后,人类对理性意义错误的理解。由此,对理性问题的研究成为法克福学派理论家们新的研究路径。为了对理性问题的研究,马尔库塞和弗洛姆对《手稿》的异化理论进行分析,探究人类理性到底是什么?人类如何才能保持理性?他们对人的本质问题进行了深入的思考,并吸收了《手稿》的异化理论,且不局限于《手稿》涉及到的劳动产品异化等问题的研究范围,而是把异化问题的视域拓展到工业文化以及其它人类现实生活领域中,揭示出现实生活的方方面面也存在许多异化问题。马尔库塞对《手稿》异化劳动问题的研究,把劳动问题复归到现实,指出了人的劳动属性不属于自身的原因,失去的到底是什么?他们认为,劳动与人本质分离,根源是个性自由的丧失。此外,他们把马克思对人与劳动的关系研究,看成是理性自反性的折射,理性具有的自反性,可以对现实活动产生新的认识。马尔库塞、弗洛姆认为马克思和他们一样,也站在这样理性的视角,他们的理性基础都是重视人类的价值,强调个性自由和思维的能动性以及关心人的生命以和生存状况,由此他们共同走进了人道主义视域。马尔库塞和弗洛姆试图在人道主义视角中,唤起人们对人本质问题新认识,通过人道主义唤醒人们的良知,构建伦理道德价值观,来约束人们的活动。他们关注现实生活,对现实生活中存在的问题,进行人道主义批判。在现实生活中,他们对人个性自由的发展,进行考察、分析。通过现实生活中个性自由程度的考察,来判断当下人的理性是否真合理,是否真自由,是否真得到解放。施密特继承了马尔库塞和弗洛姆提出的新课题,施密特在《马克思的自然概念》一书中,把人对现实生活问题的理解,归于人与自然关系的研究。施密特继承了《手稿》人与自然关系的理解,并在此基础上提出,实践活动是连接人与自然关系的中介桥梁。但是,施密特并没有过于关注人的实践活动,认为对现实的关注不能只是实践活动,最重的是《手稿》中的感性思想,施密特把《手稿》中的感性思想与现实活动结合起来,认为感性的现实活动才是探求人类寻求真理的标准,施密特把情感问题与现实生活结合起来,关注人的情感、感受。由此看出施密特也陷入的马尔库塞的人道主义视角中,他们表达的情感是一致的。因此,施密特感性现实活动,最终也走进了人道主义视域。在法兰克福学派对感性问题的研究中,维尔默把感性、情感的研究纳入到对美学思想的研究。通过人对事物美的认识,来分析个人情感等问题。他追求情感产生的根源,挖掘美学思想中蕴含的感性思想。维尔默的美学思想与《手稿》美学思想不同,《手稿》指出>劳动创造了美<马克思认为人的美学思想来源于人的劳动过程,人在劳动中通过五官感受,产生了对美的认识,马克思强调个人与个人之间对美学思想认识的差异性,每个人对美的认识都是不同的。维尔默强调美学思想的大众化认同,认为人对美学思想统一认识是人与人之间思想发生碰撞后,产生对审美的统一。由此建构起统一的审美标准。可见维尔默美学思想是一个否定之否、不断批判再批判的过程。维尔默追求理性的方式其实是一种批判再批判的方式,他试图把美学思想蕴含的感性思想与理性统一起来,希望在感性中寻求人类的自由。虽然他把美学思想规范成标注化、实证化、统一化认识,企图打破了理性研究中存在的实证主义的缺陷,但是,却陷入感性抽象的视域。 N2 - The social critical theory of Frankfurt school has a strong realistic pertinence, which reflects the characteristics of the times in the 1830s. About the Frankfurt school’s political views, mainly reflected in Horkheimer and Adorno, Marcuse et al. Critique of mass culture theory in. The Frankfurt school is known as the representative of the new Marx doctrine, they break the positivism, re-examine the social status from the perspective of anti-positivism. The Frankfurt school not only inherited the relevant theories of the young Hagel School, but also influenced by the irrational thoughts of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, but also absorbed the Neo Kantian theory and the critical theory of culture of the United States. Among them, the 1844 Manuscript of economics and philosophy of Marx’s early works (hereinafter referred to as the >Manuscript<) of the concept of alienation in the Frankfurt school is most profound, they use it as the foundation, the system of social critical theory created a set of characteristics, and thus into the capitalist ideology, the Frankfurt school theorists in the eyes that is a sign of critical theoretical characteristics, critical theory is higher than that of philosophy, and the formation of opposition and philosophy. The critical theory of the Frankfurt school criticizes all existing things, and at the same time, the pursuit of the truth of all things is returned to the thing itself. In nineteenth Century 30 s, the Frankfurt school’s critical view began to change, when the western workers’ movement is in the low period, the rapid rise of totalitarian fascism in Europe, in this context, the research focus of Frankfurt school theorists is not the proletariat has a strong belief in the revolution, and turned to the working class study on the ideology, enter the >Manuscript< of the working class from the perspective of sympathy and concern. They try to arouse people’s rational awakening, to break the positivism thinking mode. In the >Dialectics of enlightenment<, Horkheimer and Adorno pointed out that since the enlightenment, the rationality of human has made some achievements, but at the same time, the fall of human rational positivism thinking mode, in the modern industrial society, human rational thinking and reflection, in order to become a slave, became the tool, the rational is not in service to the people, but as for the interests of human beings means rational behind is a trading power for money, is a drama, is a kind of social landscape. Reason has lost the meaning of striving for the freedom of human beings, not loyal servant, but the ruler of mankind. In this regard, the Frankfurt school theorists in the study of the advanced culture of the industrial society, popular culture and other issues, they are around the study of the issue of rationality. They criticize the whole ideology by criticizing the capitalist industrial culture. Critique of capitalist ideology in schools in Frankfurt, we can understand the >Manuscript< of national economists criticism, Marx criticized the principle of economic rationality, followed by national economists whether science, whether real, whether conforms to the interests of workers. The Frankfurt school theorists of this so-called principle of economic rationality, a deep thinking, reveals the capitalism behind the economic rationality and human rights classification is covered by personal economic interests and personal problems. From the perspective of the Frankfurt school, the author explores the rational understanding of the rational meaning behind the rational principle of capitalist economy. Thus, study on the rational problems become a research path of Frankfurt School theorists new. In order to study the problem of rationality, Marcuse and Fromm analyze the theory of alienation in the manuscript, to explore what is human rationality? How can human beings remain rational? They conducted in-depth of human nature, and absorb the >Manuscript< theory of alienation, the scope of the study but not limited to product of labor alienation >Manuscripts< involved, but the alienation view to expand industrial culture and other human life field, reveals the real life. There are many aspects of alienation. Marcuse’s research on the alienation of labor in the manuscript, the return to the reality of the work, pointed out that the human labor attributes do not belong to their own reasons, what is lost in the end? They believe that the separation of labor and human nature is rooted in the loss of individual freedom. In addition, they regard Marx’s research on the relationship between man and labor as a reflection of the rational reflexivity. Marcuse, Marx and Fromm that they like, standing in such a rational perspective, they are rational foundation of respect for human values, emphasizing the initiative and freedom of personality thinking and caring life and living conditions, thus their common people into the humanitarian perspective. Marcuse and Fromm tried to arouse people’s new understanding of the nature of human beings in the perspective of humanism, to arouse people’s conscience, to construct ethical values, and to restrict people’s activities. They pay close attention to the real life and criticize the problems in real life. In real life, they investigate and analyze the development of individual freedom. Through the investigation of the degree of freedom of personality in real life, we can judge whether the rationality of the human being is reasonable, whether it is free or not. Schmidt inherited the new topic proposed by Marcuse and Fromm. In his book >the concept of nature< by the author of the book, the author holds that the understanding of the problem of real life by human beings is the study of the relationship between man and nature in the book of the nature of the book by the author of the book, which is based on the concept of nature by the author of the book, by the author of this thesis. In this case, the author of the thesis is a study of the relationship between man and nature in the book of nature of the book. Schmidt inherited the understanding of the relationship between man and nature, and on this basis, the practice is to connect the relationship between man and nature of the intermediary bridge. However, Schmidt did not pay too much attention to people’s practical activities that focus on reality not just practice, the most important is the >perceptual ideas manuscript< in Schmidt, the >Manuscript< in the perceptual thinking and reality activities together, that emotional reality is the human activities to seek truth standard, Schmidt the emotional problems with real life, pay close attention to people’s emotions and feelings. From this we can see that Schmidt is also involved in the humanitarian perspective of Marcuse. Therefore, Schmidt’s perceptual activities, and finally into the humanitarian perspective. In the study of the Frankfurt school, the study of sensibility and emotion is incorporated into the study of aesthetics. Through people’s understanding of the beauty of things, to analyze personal emotions and other issues. He pursues the root of the emotion, and excavate the emotional thought contained in the aesthetic thought. Wilmer’s aesthetic thought and aesthetic thought of >Manuscript<, >Manuscript< pointed out that >labor produce beauty< Marx believes that the source of human aesthetic thoughts on human labor in the labor process, people through the five senses, the understanding of the United States, Marx stressed that the relationship between the individual and the people on the understanding of differences of aesthetics everyone, the perception of beauty is different. Wilmer emphasized the popularity of aesthetic thought, and thought that the unity of people’s aesthetic thought is the unity of aesthetics after the collision between people. From this, the unified aesthetic standard is constructed. It can be seen that the aesthetics of silence is a process of negation and criticism. The way of Wilmer’s pursuit of reason is actually a way of criticizing and criticizing. He tries to unify the perceptual thought and reason contained in the aesthetic thought, and hopes to seek the freedom of human beings in sensibility. Although he has standardized the aesthetic thought into annotation, positivism and unification, he tried to break the limitation of positivism in the study of rationality, but it was in the visual field of sensibility. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Tianxia T1 - Humanity Harmony: Beyond Alienation Way – Interpretation of Fromm Sound Social Programs [人性和谐:超越异化之途——对弗洛姆健全社会方案的解读] JF - Journal of Tianjin Sino-German Vocational Technical College [天津中德职业技术学院学报], No. 3 (2015), pp. 73-75. N2 - 文章围绕弗洛姆所设想的健全社会方案,对弗洛姆的健全社会思想进行系统梳理,如构建健全社会的必然性与迫切性,建立健全社会的内容和途径,指出他所说的>人道主义的社会主义<对资本主义异化境况进行了批判,是清醒而深刻的,但是他的健全社会的设想是一种虚幻的>现代乌托邦<,以>爱<和>性格构造<等来改造社会也是一种不切实际的空想。 N2 - Article about the envisaged Fromm sound social programs to improve the social thought Fromm systematically sort, such as to build a sound social inevitability and urgency of establishing a sound social content and approach, pointing out what he said >humanitarian socialism< capitalist alienation situation was critical, it is sober and profound, but his vision of the perfect society is an illusory >Modern Utopia<, >love< and >personality structure< and other to transform society is an unrealistic fantasy. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Tingting T1 - Research on the Needs Theory of Ideological and Political Education from an Interdisciplinary Perspective [跨学科视角的思想政治教育需求理论研究], Master thesis, Ideological and Political Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2012. N2 - 思想政治教育的复杂性使得思想政治教育跨学科研究成为重要方法。需求理论是哲学和社会心理学研究的重要课题之一。需求理论与思想政治教育具有内在一致性。本文在思想政治教育研究成果的基础上,尝试从跨学科的视角研究思想政治教育需求理论,分析其特质,总结跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理论的影响。全文分三大部分,分别为概述跨学科的需求理论,分析需求理论与思想政治教育的内在联系,用跨学科的需求理论提升思想政治教育观、拓展思想政治教育途径和完善思想政治教育方法。第一部分:跨学科需求理论的概述。这是本文立论的前提。本文主要借鉴的跨学科需求理论包括:马克思的需求理论、马斯洛的需求理论、奥尔德弗的需求理论、勒温的需求理论、弗洛伊德的需求理论、麦克利兰的需求理论、马尔库塞的需求理论和弗洛姆的需求理论。第二部分:思想政治教育需求理论的特质。这是本文立论的基础。需求是个人与社会发展之间永恒的主题,思想政治教育的研究对象正是人,所以需求理论与思想政治教育具有内在一致性。分析思想政治教育需求理论的特质,是为下一步研究跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理论的影响打下重要基础。本部分主要从思想政治教育需求理论的内涵、特征、功能以及对思想政治教育需求理论的反思四个方面进行分析。第三部分:跨学科需求理论对思想政治教育需求论的影响。这是本文的核心部分。本部分在前两部分的基础之上,运用跨学科的需求理论,加强思想政治教育的理论研究。本部分主要从跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理念的提升、需求途径的拓展和需求应用的完善等方面进行论述。本文主要采用文献分析法、逻辑分析法和对比分析法来进行研究。相比之前学者的研究,本文运用了更多西方学者关于需求的理论,并结合这些理论对思想政治教育需求理论进行全方面的分析 N2 - The complexity of ideological and political education makes interdisciplinary research of ideological and political education an important method. Demand theory is one of the important topics in philosophy and social psychology. Demand theory and ideological and political education are inherently consistent. Based on the research results of ideological and political education, this article attempts to study the demand theory of ideological and political education from an interdisciplinary perspective, analyze its characteristics, and summarize the influence of the interdisciplinary demand theory on the demand theory of ideological and political education. The full text is divided into three parts. They are respectively an overview of interdisciplinary demand theory, analysis of the internal connection between demand theory and ideological and political education, and use of interdisciplinary demand theory to enhance the concept of ideological and political education, expand ideological and political education methods, and improve ideological and political education methods. The first part: an overview of interdisciplinary needs theory. This is the premise of this article. The interdisciplinary demand theories that this article mainly draws on include: Marx's demand theory, Maslow's demand theory, Alderfer’s demand theory, Lewin’s demand theory, Freud's demand theory, McClelland’s demand theory, Marcuse's demand theory and Fromm’s demand theory.– The second part: The characteristics of the demand theory of ideological and political education. This is the basis of this article. Demand is an eternal theme between individual and social development. The research object of ideological and political education is human beings, so demand theory and ideological and political education are inherently consistent. Analyzing the characteristics of the demand theory of ideological and political education is to lay an important foundation for the next step of research on the influence of interdisciplinary demand theory on the demand theory of ideological and political education. This part mainly analyzes the connotation, characteristics and functions of the demand theory of ideological and political education and the reflection on the demand theory of ideological and political education.– The third part: the influence of interdisciplinary demand theory on the demand theory of ideological and political education. This is the core part of this article. On the basis of the first two parts, this part uses interdisciplinary demand theory to strengthen theoretical research on ideological and political education. This part mainly discusses the improvement of the demand concept of ideological and political education by the interdisciplinary demand theory, the expansion of demand channels and the improvement of demand applications. This article mainly uses literature analysis, logic analysis and comparative analysis to conduct research. Compared with previous studies by scholars, this article uses more Western scholars' theories on demand, and combines these theories to make a comprehensive analysis of the theory of demand for ideological and political education. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Tongtong T1 - Philosophy of Social Science Critical Theory Research [批判理论社会科学哲学的研究], Master thesis, Philosophy of Social Science Critical Theory Research, Master thesis, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China 2008. N2 - The term >critical theory< was associated with the work of a small group of Neo-Marxist intellectuals who worked in the interdisciplinary Institut für Sozialforschung (Institute for Social Research) in Frankfurt in the 1920s and early 1930s at the institute was founded in 1923 with tile aim of developing Marxist-inspired social research. The Frankfurt School (as they became known) included Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Erich Fromm, Carl Grünberg, Max Horkheimer, Leo Löwenthal, Herbert Marcuse, Friedrich Pollock and Franz Neumann, and the New Frankfurt School's representation Habermas. Besides Marx, they were also deeply influenced by Kant, Hegel and Friedrich Nietzsche, Lukács, Sigmund Freud. The article gives a brief overview of Kant's >Three Critiques<, Hegel's dialectic, Marx’s political economy of critical social science, Lukacs' historical and class consciousness' thinking. Kant's >Three Critiques< to constitute the bulk of the value of this critical theory and philosophy to provide a basis. Hegel rational implication in the dialectical thinking, provides a theoretical basis for critical theory. Marx stressed that dialectics is the >Negative Dialectics<, Dialectics in the sure things in the existing understanding on the existing at the same time contain the negative things the understanding that the existing things the inevitable demise of understanding, this negative, is critical of Marxism the core theory of meaning. Lukacs' >historical and class consciousness< by the capitalist society >materialization< of the criticism, set off Western criticism of the Marxist theory of modern thought.– The paper outlined the development of critical theory, Horkheimer of the critical theory, the dialectics of enlightenment, Adorno’s negative dialectics, Marcuse's theory of social criticism to a new Frankfurt School of Critical Theory, the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory of the community main features, namely the negative identity, that of the capitalist revolution and rational exploration.– Critical Theory in the social significance of science and philosophy, embodied in the epistemology and methodology, ontological significance of the critical theory of the social sciences, including social conflicts and crisis revealed, to reflect on the characteristics, stressed that the main and creative thinking; on capital and the critical awareness, including the critical theory of Marxism and the differences between science and technology as a new ideology; Frankfurt School of Critical Theory popular culture of Western cultural values crisis in a deep reflection, embodies a civilization of advanced capitalism strongly critical spirit. On the theory and criticism is to explain the composition of the new philosophy of social science.– Western society has encountered a lot of confusion we are facing today is the very difficult issues, such as the main body of knowledge and behavior problems, the role of language, exchanges between the behavior problems, modernization and globalization issues, as a critical theory, Negative Dialectics in the sense of modern society were pathology, provides a critical inspiration and weapons, this is the Western Marxism of contemporary China's most valuable practical significance. N2 - >批判理论<这一术语是由20世纪20年代和30年代早期法兰克福致力于跨学科社会研究的新马克思主义理性研究小组联合定义的。这个学会建立于1923年,以发展马克思主义社会研究为目的。法兰克福学派的主要代表人物有:T•W•阿多诺,W•本杰明,E•弗洛姆,卡尔•格律伯格,M•霍克海默,里奥•洛文塔尔,H•马尔库塞,F•波洛克和弗郎茨•纽曼,及新法兰克福学派的代表人物哈贝马斯。法兰克福学派除了受到马克思的影响外,还深受康德、黑格尔、卢卡奇以及尼采和弗洛伊德等的影响。文章简要概述了康德的>三大批判<、黑格尔的辩证法、马克思—政治经济学批判的科学社会观、卢卡奇的《历史与阶级意识》的思想对其的影响。康德的>三大批判<构成的以人的价值为本体的人本主义哲学为批判理论提供了基础。黑格尔理性中所蕴涵的辩证思想,为批判理论提供了理论基础。马克思强调的辩证法是>否定的辩证法<,>辩证法在对现存事物的肯定的理解中同时包含对现存事物的否定的理解,即对现存事物的必然灭亡的理解,<这种否定性,是马克思批判理论的核心内涵。卢卡奇的《历史与阶级意识》通过对资本主义社会>物化<现象的批判,掀起了西方马克思主义现代性批判的理论思潮。文章通过概述批判理论的发展过程,霍克海默的批判理论,启蒙辩证法,阿多诺的否定辩证法,马尔库塞的社会批判理论到新法兰克福学派批判理论的发展,分析了法兰克福学派社会批判理论的主要特点,即否定同一性,强调理性和对资本主义变革可能性的探索。批判理论之于社学科学哲学的意义,体现在认识论、方法论、本体论意义;批判理论的社会科学特性,包括揭示社会矛盾和危机,反思主义特性,强调人的主体性和创造性思维;对资本主义的批判性认识,包括批判理论与马克思主义的分歧,科学技术成为新的意识形态;法兰克福学派大众文化批评理论对西方文化价值危机进行了深刻的反思,体现了一种对晚期资本主义文明的强烈批判精神。批判理论与实在论、解释论构成了社会科学的新哲学。西方社会所遭遇的困惑有很多正是我们今天面对的非常棘手的问题,如主体的认识和行为问题、语言的作用问题、交往行为问题、现代化和全球化问题等,作为一种批判理论,它在否定的辩证法意义上对现代社会进行了病理诊断,提供了批判的灵感和武器,这正是西方马克思主义对当代中国最可贵的现实意义 Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Zhang, Wei T1 - Fu luo mu sixiang yanjiu 弗洛姆思想研究 [Fromm’s Thought], Chongqing: Chongqing chuban she 重庆出版社 [Chongqing Publishing House]. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Wei T1 - Fromm's Humanistic Ethics [弗洛姆的人本主义伦理观探析] JF - Modern Philosophy [现代哲学], No. 3 (1989), pp. 61-63. N2 - In Contemporary Western philosophers, Fromm is one of the important representatives of the Ethics. He claimed his ethics as >normative humanism<. He wants to create to norms and values of the criteria in order to self-realization of their potential human ethics, human-centered human behavior. Ethics is based on a >scientific<, >Art of Life< applied science. N2 - 在当代西方哲学家中,弗洛姆是人本主义伦理学的重要代表人物之一。他自称他的伦理观为>规范人本主义<。他要建立旨在以人为中心的符合人性的行为规范和价值准则,以求人及其潜能的自我实现的人本主义伦理学。这种伦理学是一门以>人的科学<为基础的、关于>人生艺术<的应用科学。 Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Wei T1 - Analysis on Fromm’s >Total Alienation<[弗洛姆的总体异化论探析] JF - Exploration and Free Views [探索与争鸣], No. 3 (1991), pp. 11-14. N2 - 面对现代西方资本主义社会的深刻危机和非人道化过程的加剧,弗洛姆以异化作为揭露批判它的罪恶和病态的核心范畴。因为异化>触及了现代人最本质的东西<。同时,他接受了另一位法兰克福学派理论家马库塞的现代社会中>人的总体异化<观点,提出了他的总体异化论。本文拟对他的这一理论作一探讨。一在弗洛姆看来,无论是>青年<马克思,还是<老年<马克思,异化范畴在其思想中一直占据>中心地位<。他对马克 N2 - In the face of the profound crisis of modern Western capitalist society and the intensification of the process of dehumanization, Fromm takes alienation as the central category for exposing and criticizing its evils and pathologies. Because alienation >touches the very essence of modern man<, he accepted another Frankfurt School scholar as the core category to expose and criticize its evils and pathologies. At the same time, he accepted another Frankfurt School theorist Marcuse's view of >total alienation of man< in modern society and put forward his theory of total alienation. In this paper, we will discuss his theory. In Fromm's view, the category of alienation has always occupied a >central position< in the thought of both the >young< and >old< Marx. He is interested in Marx's ... [Automatic translation] Y1 - 1991 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Wei T1 - >Save the World to Save People< Utopia – Assessment of Fromm’s Humanitarian Socialism [>拯世救人<的乌托邦──评弗洛姆的人道主义社会主义] JF - Journal of Social Sciences [社会科学] [Former title: Social Sciences Shanghai China (上海社会科学)], No. 6 (1994), pp. 73-76. N2 - >Save the world to save people<, Utopia–assessment Fromm humanitarian socialist humanitarian Marxist theorist Erich Fromm examine contemporary society, found in the West and the former Soviet Union, including the entire industrial than the world has been plunged into a serious crisis, this is not an economic crisis, political crisis, but a crisis. This is shown in the last couple of hundred years, Western industrial society has created tremendous material wealth [...]. N2 - >拯世救人<的乌托邦──评弗洛姆的人道主义社会主义张伟一人道主义马克思主义理论家弗洛姆审视当代社会,发现西方和前苏联在内的整个工业比世界,已陷入严重的危机之中,这不是经济危机、政治危机,而是人的危机。这表现在,近一百年来,西方工业社会创造了巨大物质财... Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Wei T1 - The Frommian Humanity Alienation Thought Significance [弗洛姆人性异化思想之意义分析] JF - Journal of Capital Medical University [首都医科大学学报(社科版), No. 00 (2008), pp. 19-20, 23. N2 - 他对现代资本主义社会进行了深刻的研究,批判并揭露了资本主义社会中人性异化等问题弗洛姆是西方马克思主义法兰克福学派一位重要的思想家,他的理论被称为<弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义,讨弗试图从弗洛伊德精神分析和马克思的社会革命理论中寻找拯救人类社会的途径。本文主要探洛姆人性异化思想的理论意义和现实意义,并揭示他这一思想中所存在的矛盾和局限性。 N2 - Fromm is an important thinker of the Western Marxist Frankfurt School, his theory is known as >Freudian Marxism<. Profound study of modern capitalist society, criticize and expose the problems of humanity in the capitalist society alienation, trying to find a way to save human society from the psychoanalysis of Freud and Marx's theory of social revolution. This paper examines the theoretical and practical significance, Fromm humanity alienation thinking and reveal the contradictions and limitations exist in this idea. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Wei T1 - A Review of Fromm's Overall View of Human Nature [弗洛姆总体人性观述评] JF - Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories [毛泽东邓小平理论研究], No. 4 (1990), pp. 79-82. N2 - 弗洛姆认为,>凡是人都具有人的本性<,而>人的本性<是>人的科学的研究对象<,也是>人的科学<建立起来的前提。为此,他提出了多层次的总体人性理论,试图既从生物学、生理学和心理学诸方面,又从社会方面对人性作出规定,进行所谓的马克思与弗洛伊德的>综合<。 N2 - Fromm believes that >everyone has human nature< and >human nature< is >the object of scientific research of human beings< and the premise of the establishment of >human science<. To this end, he proposed a multi-level general humanity theory, trying to regulate human nature from both biological, physiological and psychological aspects, as well as social so-called >integration< of Marx and Freud. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 1990 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xianghong T1 - Analysis of Love Education for College Students [试析大学生的爱情教育] JF - Exam Weekly [考试周刊], No. 34 (2009), pp. 202-204. N2 - 面对大学生的恋爱现状,高校应重视对大学生进行爱情教育,弗洛姆关于爱的理论对大学生的爱情教育有现实的借鉴意义。爱情教育的目的在于形成健康的爱情观,本文具体分析了大学生的爱情教育。 N2 - Faced with the current situation of love among college students, colleges and universities should pay attention to love education for college students, and Fromm's theory of love has practical significance for love education of college students. The purpose of love education is to form a healthy concept of love, and this paper specifically analyzes the love education of college students. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xiangping T1 - On Theodore’s Loneliness in Donna Tartt’s >The Goldfinch<, Master thesis, World Literature, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Donna Tartt (1963–) is a new generation writer in contemporary American literature history whose works mostly derive from her childhood experiences which reflect on realistic social problems and the mental state of young people. >The Goldfinch< is the third book of Tartt. It was widely popular upon its publication, which won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Literature. Until now, academic research on >The Goldfinch< mainly focuses on the initiation story, intertextuality, trauma, eco-criticism, anxiety and so on. Taking the protagonist Theodore as the research object, this thesis attempts to interpret his process of conquering the loneliness in the light of Erich Fromm’s theory on loneliness. Generally speaking, loneliness refers to the individual’s subjective psychological feelings. Social psychologist and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm puts forward his philosophical illustration that loneliness is the objective fact that all human beings need to face. And, it will spread with the changes in the social environment, which leaves people in a strong existential crisis. Fromm mentions five critical demands for human existence: the need for relatedness, transcendence, identity, positioning and rootedness. When the alienated capitalist society can’t satisfy human needs, they may come into >a jail of loneliness<. Therefore, people tend to make different efforts to get out of the challenging condition. Within >The Goldfinch<, the hero Theodore is lost in morbid loneliness at first, then he adopts psychological defense mechanisms and continuously makes self-empowerment. Finally, he becomes a mature individual with the sane personality who transcends the loneliness to realize positive freedom. Chapter one discusses Theodore’s phase of being beleaguered in loneliness. The hero always lives a rootless life from the estran¬ged and indifferent family relation. Loss of security and belonging means that he doesn’t have the protection of >primary ties< who struggles with desperate loneliness. Self-doubts and denials about existence deepen his anxiety and loneliness. Under the circumstance of an alienated social environment, he is also tortured by loneliness from conflicts like materialism and class differences. Chapter two analyzes Theodore’s phase of escaping. When the external living conditions can’t meet the basic requirements of his growth and mental health, he adopts psychological defense mechanisms to overcome loneliness. Firstly, he attempts to escape from realistic anguishes by establishing symbiotic emotion with Pippa, which does work to some extent, but he loses integrity and independence. Secondly, Theodore takes morbid and destructive behaviors such as alcoholism and drug abuse to alleviate isolation and helplessness that can’t overcome loneliness in essence. Chapter three demonstrates Theodore’s transcending of loneliness. Fromm points out that spontaneous activity is an effective way to overcome loneliness because the individual connects with the world again in self-realization. And >love is the most central component of spontaneity< (Fromm, Escape from Freedom, 174). Firstly, it demonstrates the hero’s return of moral responsibility and conscience. Theodore finds that materially possessing >The Goldfinch< brings him in a tremendously moral dilemma for a long time, he needs to finds the aesthetic value in the art world to conquer the loneliness hopefully. Secondly, it discusses Theodore’s productive self-achievement. With great free will, he succeeds in breaking away the situation of self-degeneration and gradually finds subjectivity and creativity to integrate into the society through spontaneous learning and art creation. Finally, he cultivates an independent personality with emotional sublimation who masters the elements and connotation of love to take his subjective initiative to give love. By analyzing the process of Theodore’s being beleaguered, escaping, and transcending upon loneliness, this thesis attempts to reveal people’s general mental state under the background of highly developed capitalism. Besides, it also points out that the correct way to overcome loneliness is to insist on the power of love and the beauty of art for spiritual redemption, which enlightens people to pursue positive freedom. Under the context of modernity with rapid economic development, ideas expounded in the novel provide some significant references for us to get rid of the spiritual crisis. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xiaochuan T1 - Liberty and Solitude: The Dilemma and Solution of the Modern People – Interpreting Fromm's >Escape from Freedom<[自由与孤独:现代人的困境及其出路——读弗洛姆《逃避自由》] JF - Journal of Harbin University [哈尔滨学院], No. 9 (2008), 34-41. N2 - The true theme Fromm wants to express in >Escape from Freedom< is to escape from solitude and abandon freedom. By revealing the inner conflict in human nature, he explains the mental root of the social phenomenon in the modern society especially in the fascist society. Solitude and freedom are twins. Solitude is the >obstacle of freedom< so escaping from solitude and pursuing the freedom are together rooted in human nature. When there is conflict between them, people start the mental mechanism of escape: escaping the solitude and abandoning the freedom as the same time. However, the escape is not only theoretically infeasible but also a failure in practice. Fromm directs a correct direction: love is used to save solitude and guarantee freedom. N2 - 弗洛姆在《逃避自由》中真正要表达的主题是:逃避孤独,放弃自由。他通过揭示人性的内部冲突解释了现代社会尤其是法西斯社会中所出现的社会现象的心理根源。孤独和自由是一对双生胎儿,孤独是>自由之累<,逃避孤独同追求自由一样深植于人的本性之中。当二者发生冲突时,人们启动了逃避心理机制,逃避孤独的同时也放弃了自由。但这种逃避在理论上是行不通的,实践也证明这种逃避不仅是失败,更是一种灾难。对此,弗洛姆指出了正确的方向:用爱来拯救孤独,捍卫自由。 Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xiaodong T1 - Decoding Emily Dickinson’s Reclusive Life [解读艾米莉•狄金森的隐居生活], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China 2005 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Based on the study of Fromm’s theory, this thesis is an attempt to examine Dickinson’s life and poetry, with the aim of exploring the mystery of her reclusive life. Upon examining Emily Dickinson’s life experience, poetry and letters, the author of the present thesis has found that Dickinson’s way of life is just the same way as Fromm argues in his Escape from Freedom. Her life and poems can be regarded as her meditation upon the phenomena which Fromm’s theory covers. Just as Fromm argues that human beings have a deep longing for freedom, but at the same time fear nothing as much as that very freedom. Freedom for humans ends psychologically in solitude, isolation and fear. In order to overcome fear and loneliness, man has to escape. Fromm calls it >mechanism of escape<. There are several ways to escape. But there is only one way that can lead to >positive freedom<. It’s identical with the full realization of the individual’s potentialities, together with his ability to create something actively and spontaneously. Dickinson experienced the same process as Fromm argues. She wanted to seek freedom, to keep her individuality. But the earthly world confined her. Freedom for her, ended in solitude, isolation and fear. But she would rather be alone than lose herself. She preferred to give up the public world and chose to live in seclusion to create her own world. Her reclusive life was her intentional choice to achieve >positive freedom<. In the world of her poetry, in active and spontaneous creation, she achieved spiritual freedom and self-realization. N2 - 艾米丽.•狄金森(1830-1886)的长期隐居生活使她成为那个时代乃至世界文学史上最孤独,也是最神秘的人。究竟狄金森为何隐居?这个问题一直困扰着人们。本文尝试运用弗洛姆的逃避机制(mechanism of escape),从心理学的角度来重新审视解读她的隐居人生,从而揭示她隐居生活的精神本质。弗罗姆在他的著作《逃离自由》中指出:个人化过程的一个方面,是日益的孤独。与世界分离的状态,会令人产生恐惧感。为了避免孤独和恐惧,人必须逃离。弗罗姆称之为逃避现实的心理机构。他提出很多逃避的方法并认为其中唯一积极的方法就是自发地进行创造地工作,在创造中获得自由。审视狄金森寂寞的一生,不难发现她正是经历了这样的心理历程。她在自我个性发展的过程中受到种种压抑而孤独,因为孤独而隐居进诗歌的世界,在诗歌中创造自己的精神世界,由此狄金森获得了精神上的自由和圆满,实现了她的人生价值一追求真与美,追求妇女平等、追求信仰自由、追求爱情自由、追求诗歌创作的自由、追求生命的永恒和不朽。狄金森在诗歌中创造了丰富的世界,在精神上完成了由孤独到自由的转变,实现了自我价值的升华。论文首先从分析狄金森寂寞的原因入手,意在阐述她的寂寞是由于追求自我个性的发展而受到现实社会的种种压抑。接着探讨她由孤独而逃离的心理历程,从而说明她的逃离是积极主动的自我选择,是为了获得精神上的自由。论文重点探讨狄金森在诗歌中获得了自由,实现了自我价值及人生追求。她在诗歌中自由地抒发自己的所思所想,阐述自己独特的人生观,宗教观,爱情观,创作观及生死观,追求自己独特的创作风格,在现实中无法求得的一切在精神的世界中得到了自由与圆满。 Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xiaolu T1 - An Interpretation of Alienation of >Where Angels Fear to Tread< from the Perspective of Erich Fromm’s Theory of Alienation, Master thesis, World Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2021 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. N2 - E. M. Forster’s works mostly reflect the social realities of his time. At the beginning of the 20th century England was in a significant historical period of social transformation. Although material wealth was abundant people’s spiritual state and moral level were constantly retrogressive. >Where Angels Fear to Tread< was set in this background. The moral values expressed in the Mrs. Herritons the family relationships between members and the mental state of each person all reflected the social status quo of their time. This thesis analyzes the phenomenon of alienation in >Where Angels Fear to Tread< through Fromm’s theory of alienation. Alienation has become a common social phenomenon people are in a state of controlling and being controlled so they lost their own independent personality productivity and creativity. In addition money and interests dominate social relations which makes people feel less care for each other thus the social relationship is becoming more and more indifferent. This phenomenon of alienation was not only reflected in British society at the beginning of the twentieth century but also was evident in contemporary times. This thesis studies the novel with the theory of alienation. Through analyzing the manifestations of alienation in characters exploring the causes of alienation and finally achieving the ultimate goal of curing the alienation of characters this thesis not only reflects the novelist’s desire to reveal the alienation of the British middle class but also provides methods and ideas to solve the spiritual alienation of modern people through the study of alienation resistance. This thesis is mainly divided into three parts-introduction main body and conclusion. The introduction gives a brief presentation to the novelist and his works followed by a comprehensive overview of the current state of domestic and international research on >Where Angels Fear to Tread<. Finally the purpose and significance of the text are explained. The introductory part is a prelude to the rest of the study. The main part is divided into three chapters.– The first chapter starts with the embodiment of alienation which explores the embodiment of alienation between individuals and society between individuals and other people and between individuals and themselves. From these three aspects the thesis makes a specific study on the embodiment of alienation and characters’ behavior under alienation.– The second chapter mainly explores the causes of alienation. There are many reasons for characters’ alienation. On the one hand characters’ personality defects lead to their self-loss. On the other hand the influence of long-term family environment is on a person as well as the influence of social environment on them.– The third chapter studies the resistance to alienation. The resistance to alienation also starts from three aspects. The first is the individual’s efforts to get rid of his own alienation. Secondly from the perspective of love it explains the importance of creative love to improve people’s alienation. Thirdly from the social perspective it expounds the positive role of a good social environment for people to get rid of alienation. The conclusion summarizes the content of the above chapters. It can be seen that Foster has a sober understanding of the society he lives in. He expresses the concern of people’s alienation and shows his hope for overcoming alienation. With the rapid development of productive forces the great wealth of material materials and the increasing consumer demand the seemingly sound society hides a profound spiritual crisis which also coincides with Fromm’s alienation theory. Through the analysis it can be seen that studying human alienation is necessary and feasible. [English: www.cnki.net, 4/2022] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xiaoqing T1 - Love: The Journey from Solitude to Harmony – A Tentative Interpretation of Fromm's Theory of Love [爱:走出孤独,走向和谐的艺术——弗洛姆爱的理论初探] JF - Journal of Tongren University [铜仁学院学报], No. 2 (2008), pp. 16-18. N2 - According to Fromm’s humanitarian ethics, love takes up the core position. Love is the answer to life and is to give; love is a kind of ability and art to help people get rid of isolation and walk towards harmony. These ideas will greatly benefit modern education. N2 - 在弗洛姆人道主义伦理学中,爱占核心地位,爱是对生存的回答,是给予,爱是使现代人摆脱孤独,走向和谐的一种能力、一门艺术,这对现代的教育工作是不无裨益的。 Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xiaowei T1 - Discussion on Our Fromm Research Course [浅谈我国的弗洛姆研究历程] JF - Journal of Chongqing City Management Vocational College [重庆城市管理职业学院学报], No. 3 (2006), pp. 28-32. N2 - 上世纪80年代后期国内曾掀起一场>弗洛姆热<,但国内的弗洛姆研究早已开始且至今仍在继续,其历史以>弗洛姆热<为界大致可分为三个阶段。在第一阶段弗洛姆被当作政治批判对象,其学说被认为是否定的人道主义。到了第二阶段弗洛姆成为思想的偶像,其译著大量出版,其学说仍被认定为人道主义,但研究者的自身局限却导致他们对其学说不加取舍地全盘肯定。进入第三阶段国内开始以理性反思的方法和辨证批判的态度扬弃弗洛姆的人道主义学说并取得了一些进展。但由于种种原因,我国目前对弗洛姆学说的定性仍停留在40多年前的的水平而难以对其研究产生质的飞跃。 N2 - In the 1980s the late domestic had set off a Fromm hot domestic Fromm research has already began and still continue its history, Fromm hot sector can be broadly divided into three stages. As a political target of the criticism in the first phase of Fromm, whose doctrine is considered negative humanitarian. To the second phase of Fromm become the idol of ideas, translated a large number of publishing, with its doctrine are still being identified as a humanitarian, but the researcher's own limitations has led to their doctrine without trade-offs holistic certainly. Enter the third stage of the country began to rational reflection and critical attitude dialectical sublation Fromm the humanitarian doctrine and made some progress. However, due to various reasons, our current the Fromm doctrine qualitative still remain at the level of 40 years ago to produce a qualitative leap in its research. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xiaowei T1 - Studies on Fromm in China [浅谈我国的弗洛姆研究历程] JF - Journal of Longdong University (Social Science Edition) [陇东学院学报(社会科学版)], No. 4 (2006), pp. 57-61. N2 - 上世纪80年代后期国内曾掀起一场>弗洛姆热<,但国内的弗洛姆研究早已开始且至今仍在继续,其历史以>弗洛姆热<为界大致可分为三个阶段。在第一阶段弗洛姆被当作政治批判对象,其学说被认为是否定的人道主义。到了第二阶段弗洛姆成为思想的偶像,其译著大量出版,其学说仍被认定为人道主义,但研究者的自身局限却导致他们对其学说不加取舍地全盘肯定。进入第三阶段国内开始以理性反思的方法和辨证批判的态度扬弃弗洛姆的人道主义学说并取得了一些进展。但由于种种原因,我国目前对弗洛姆学说的定性仍停留在40多年前的水平而难以对其研究产生质的飞跃。 N2 - A >Fromm fever< took place in late 1980s in China whereas our scholastic research on him began earlier and has been continuing since. The studies can be divided into three different periods of time. In the first period, Fromm's theories were identified as a negative humanitiarianism because Fromm was politically degraded as a critical target. In the second period, he was idolized as an image of thoughts, when his works were translated and published and his theories, still deemed as humanitiarianism, were fully accepted by scholars. In the third period, some improvements were obtained when Fromm's humantiarianism was sublated with an attitude of dialectical criticism and a method of rational introspection. For some reasons, however, the studies on the nature of his thoughts remains at the level over 40 years ago without a qualitative leap forward. Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xiaowei T1 - A Research on Fromm’s Theory of Solitariness, Marxist Philosophy, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China 2004, 41 pp.[Application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - Solitariness, if taken literally, means >one by himself, loneliness< and belongs to one of psychological senses from personal consciousness. While Fromm, having experienced a lonely childhood and about 50-year psychiatry, thought that it is a philosophical problem which the whole human must confront objectively. And then Fromm founded his theory of solitariness in a three-step deduction.– Firstly, solitariness is a theory of social character. Fromm’s social character means the mass’s common character parts at the same time and in the same place. Fromm thought that Fascism was caused by the escape of freedom, which was caused by solitariness when it went extremely, solitariness was so hard for men to endure that they began to escape from freedom and became solitary which led to the fascism, In Germany the after-war treaties’ signing, proletarian revolution’s defeat, the inflation and the economic depression sped up the growth of solitariness as a problem of social character.– Secondly, solitariness is a theory of social unconsciousness. As social character is dominant and controlled by its recessive counterpart which Fromm called social unconsciousness. It means the commonly pressed fields owned by a society’s most members. During the Middle Age, the people obeyed the secure morals, strict teachings and grew an off-world attitude so that nothing happened. In the Rebirth period economic development brought the modern men and made them freer, but at the same time, destroyed the traditional social structure. And then solitariness appeared as a problem of social unconsciousness until the Religion Reform times, it had been temporarily solved because of Martin Luther and Calvin’s new teachings.– Thirdly, Solitariness is a theory of human spirit. After all, solitariness is a problem of human spirit. Because once man came to birth, they left Nature and the animals’ kingdom and became much lonely in the pre-historic period. However, it was not felt by man without self-consciousness. During the Ancient Civilization Times, the primitive social structures were destroyed and the problem appeared. Entering the Axle Age, human spiritual structure, which was used to deal with the solitariness, were founded in both eastern and western societies at the same time. N2 - >孤独<本属普通名词,意指个人主观的一种孤单、寂寞的心理感觉。但有过孤独童年与大半生心理医生经历的弗洛姆却把孤独作为其社会心理学和心理分析学的对象,并且以《逃避自由》为主要文本形成了其包括社会性格、社会无意识和人类精神在内的孤独理论。第一,孤独-社会性格理论。弗洛伊德把孤独归咎于个人,赖希从探讨法西斯主义入手,提出了群体独裁说。弗洛姆在前两人的基础上产生群体孤独概念并进而形成他的孤独-社会性格理论:自由本是西方文化的一大优良传统,但走向极端也会出现孤独,而孤独本身是难以忍受的。德国大众之所以甘愿逃避自由并俯首屈从于法西斯主义乃在于他们养成了迎合法西斯主义的孤独的社会性格。第二,孤独-社会无意识理论。社会性格是一种显性的社会意识,控制它的则是社会无意识。无意识一词为弗洛伊德首创,意指个人的生活状况所特有的处境而造成的对人压抑的内容。弗洛姆在此基础上提出了>社会无意识<范畴,并将其定义为一个社会最大多数成员共同被压抑的领域。弗洛姆认为:在中世纪,人们共同遵守一种有感情的、具有安全与归属感的社会道德秩序,严格笃信宗教教义并且养成了灵活的悖论思维与豁达的出世心态。加之经济活动又服务于人的需求,因此孤独被束缚于内。进入文艺复兴时期,经济发展一方面使个人更加自由,另一方面也彻底摧毁了曾经给予他安全与归属感的传统社会结构。于是,现代式孤独随之而产生。到了宗教改革时期,路德的因信称义思想与加尔文的宿命论暂时消弭了世人的孤独感。于是,孤独被转化为隐性的社会无意识。第三,孤独-人类精神理论。孤独虽然暂时得到解决但并非一劳永逸,因为孤独的最终原因并未找到。弗洛姆认为:早在史前时代,孤独就已产生。因为人类一经出现,他们便脱离自然而离群索居并与动物永别。尽管极其孤独,但由于这时没有明显的自我意识所以他们尚未发觉孤独的存在。到了古代文明时期,人类历史上第一轮经济大发展摧毁了原始的社会秩序,人类的孤独意识开始觉醒。进入轴心期,人类精神在东西方同时建立,比较彻底地解决了孤独这一问题。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xiaowei T1 - Existence in the Practice of Love – Read Fromm's >The Art of Loving< [在爱的实践中存在——读弗洛姆《爱的艺术》] JF - The Teaching of Thought and Political Study, [思想政治课教学], No. 8 (2022), pp. 95-96. N2 - 在写作《爱的艺术》时,社会批判思想家弗洛姆的弗洛伊德主义马克思主义理论体系已逐渐形成。弗洛姆结合马克思恩格斯在19世纪中叶创立的历史唯物主义思想,批判性地发展了弗洛伊德的精神分析学说,从人类生活实践出发考察人类生存状况。在《马克思论人》一文中,弗洛姆曾明确表述了他的观点:马克思的真实目的是人的精神解放,是让每一个个体的人都恢复其完整性。事实上,这也是弗洛姆在爱的实践中探寻人类生存问题答案的出发点与落脚点。 N2 - At the time of writing >The Art of Loving<, the Freudian Marxist theoretical system of the social-critical thinker Fromm had been gradually formed. Combining the ideas of historical materialism founded by Marx and Engels in the mid-19th century, Fromm critically developed Freud's psychoanalytic doctrine and examined the human existence from the practice of human life. In his book >Marx’s Concept of Man<, Fromm had clearly expressed his view that Marx's true aim was the spiritual emancipation of man, the restoration of each individual human being to its integrity. In fact, this is the starting point and the landing point of Fromm's search for the answer to the question of human existence in the practice of love. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xiaoyan T1 - Early Verses >Non-poetic< Psychosocial Traceable [初期白话诗>非诗化<社会心理溯源] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Popular Literature (Theory) [大众文艺(理论)], No. 7 (2008), pp. 81-82. N2 - 初期白话新诗创作中带有明显的>非诗化<痕迹。追根究底是中国现代化进程中自卑社会无意识的压抑,新诗转向选择的单向度,所导致的。本文试从弗洛姆社会无意识论的角度揭开>非诗化<现象的面纱。 N2 - Early vernacular in Modern Poetry with obvious traces of the >non-poetic<. Argumentative and low self-esteem in the process of China's modernization of social unconscious repression, the new poetry steering choice unidirectional result. This paper tries to uncover the >non-poetic< phenomenon from the point of view of Fromm's social unconsciousness on the veil. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xin T1 - Some Thoughts on Western Marxism [关于西方马克思主义的几点思考] JF - Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing (Social Science Edition) [北京科技大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 4 (2003), pp. 67-70. N2 - 本文围绕如何认识和评价西方马克思主义,就西方马克思主义的概念与内涵、西方马克思主义与列宁主义的关系、西方马克思主义的性质等问题进行了分析。西方马克思主义不是一个统一的派别,马克思主义研究中出现多样化的局面是一种历史的必然。本文提出判断西方马克思主义性质的三条标准,并以卢卡奇和弗罗姆为例作了具体分析。 N2 - This article analyzes the conception and connotation of Western Marxism as well as its relations with Leninism, holds that Western Marxism is not a unified school of ideological trend, and, based on a concrete analysis of G. Lukács and E. Fromm, proposes three criteria for judging the nature of Western Marxism. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xin T1 - A Call for Sane Personality – The Psychoanalysis of Virginia Woolf's >Years< [对健全人格的呼唤 - 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《岁月》的社会心理学解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫是20世纪英国最杰出的现代主义作家之一。作为1937年美国畅销书,《岁月》是她集中反映英国社会生活的一部小说。它颠覆作家以往意识流小说的创作手法,将>事实<与>想象<相结合,以家庭成员对话和人物内心独白折射社会现实,是作家创作的新尝试,然而评论家对此却褒贬不一本论文将运用人本主义精神分析学家埃里希•弗洛姆的社会心理学揭露《岁月》中西方资本主义社会经济制度下人格异化现象以及消极的社会性格,从而挖掘作家伍尔夫对现代人人格发展的担忧,及她对健全人格的呼唤。《岁月》的章节由十一个不同年份组成。据此,作者分析了小说中英国从十九世纪八十年代到二十世纪三十年代的社会背景和社会变化,同时结合弗洛姆对十九、二十世纪资本主义社会的比较型诊断,说明资本主义社会在物质文明进步的同时所产生的精神倒退,揭露以市场为中心的社会经济体制阻碍人格发展的事实与进程。伍尔夫的对比手法则反映出由此产生的人、自然和社会关系不和谐现象。在此基础上,作者运用弗洛姆的>异化<概念剖析人物自我感缺失及人与同胞疏离的异化现象,从而揭露小说中无助与压抑、冷漠与伪善的消极社会性格。重塑健全人格至关重要。主人公通过培养自我感和创造性逐渐实现反异化的自我救赎,通过爱与交流缓解人与人之间的疏离。而小说中人物对大自然的热爱,自然成为人类心灵的庇护,则有力证明了人类亲近自然促进健全人格的发展。所以,作家伍尔夫在《岁月》中呼唤健全的人格。因为在现代社会市场主导一切的经济体制下,异化现象已相当普遍。异化对健全社会和健全人格都有损害与阻碍作用。重塑健全人格对现代人已迫在眉睫。 N2 - Virginia Woolf is one of the most distinguished British modernist writers in the twentieth century. >The Years<, as the 1937 bestseller in the United States, is her novel that focuses on the British social life. Its writing techniques differ from her previous stream-of-consciousness novels. Woolf combined >facts< and >vision<, mirroring the social reality through dialogues and interior monologues of the Pargiter family members. It is an innovation of Woolf’s creation, but critics have not yet reached an agreement on it. Based on the humanistic psychoanalyst Erich Fromm’s socio-psychology, the thesis is an exposure of the phenomenon of alienated personality and negative social characters under Western capitalist social and economic system. It explores Woolf’s concern with the personality development of modern people and her call for sane personality. The Years cover eleven different years. Accordingly, the author of the present study analyzes social backgrounds and changes of Britain from 1880s to 1930s with Fromm’s comparative diagnosis of the nineteenth and twentieth century. It suggests the spiritual retrogression of capitalist society despite the material civilization and uncovers how social and economic system of market-orientation hindered the personality development. Woolf’s technique of contrast is to expose the disharmonious relationship between human, nature and society caused by capitalist system. Fromm’s concept of >alienation< is used to analyze the alienation phenomenon including protagonists’ lack of a sense of self and estrangement between people. Negative social characters, such as powerlessness and repression, indifference and insincerity are exposed. The restoration of sane humanity is of vital importance. Protagonists realize self-salvation against alienation through cultivation of a sense of self and productiveness, and they relieve estrangement between them by love and communication. Their love for nature and nature as a shelter for human soul suggested that intimacy between human and nature is able to promote the development of the sane personality. Therefore, Woolf’s call for sane personality in The Years can be recognized. Since alienation is widespread in modern society under the economic system of market-orientation, it is impairment and hindrance to a sane society, as well as a sane personality. It is vital and urgent to restore a sane personality for modern people.] [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xin T1 - A Call for Sane Personality – The Psychoanalysis of Virginia Woolf's >Years< [对健全人格的呼唤 - 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《岁月》的社会心理学解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫是20世纪英国最杰出的现代主义作家之一。作为1937年美国畅销书,《岁月》是她集中反映英国社会生活的一部小说。它颠覆作家以往意识流小说的创作手法,将>事实<与>想象<相结合,以家庭成员对话和人物内心独白折射社会现实,是作家创作的新尝试,然而评论家对此却褒贬不一本论文将运用人本主义精神分析学家埃里希•弗洛姆的社会心理学揭露《岁月》中西方资本主义社会经济制度下人格异化现象以及消极的社会性格,从而挖掘作家伍尔夫对现代人人格发展的担忧,及她对健全人格的呼唤。《岁月》的章节由十一个不同年份组成。据此,作者分析了小说中英国从十九世纪八十年代到二十世纪三十年代的社会背景和社会变化,同时结合弗洛姆对十九、二十世纪资本主义社会的比较型诊断,说明资本主义社会在物质文明进步的同时所产生的精神倒退,揭露以市场为中心的社会经济体制阻碍人格发展的事实与进程。伍尔夫的对比手法则反映出由此产生的人、自然和社会关系不和谐现象。在此基础上,作者运用弗洛姆的>异化<概念剖析人物自我感缺失及人与同胞疏离的异化现象,从而揭露小说中无助与压抑、冷漠与伪善的消极社会性格。重塑健全人格至关重要。主人公通过培养自我感和创造性逐渐实现反异化的自我救赎,通过爱与交流缓解人与人之间的疏离。而小说中人物对大自然的热爱,自然成为人类心灵的庇护,则有力证明了人类亲近自然促进健全人格的发展。所以,作家伍尔夫在《岁月》中呼唤健全的人格。因为在现代社会市场主导一切的经济体制下,异化现象已相当普遍。异化对健全社会和健全人格都有损害与阻碍作用。重塑健全人格对现代人已迫在眉睫。 N2 - Virginia Woolf is one of the most distinguished British modernist writers in the twentieth century. >The Years<, as the 1937 bestseller in the United States, is her novel that focuses on the British social life. Its writing techniques differ from her previous stream-of-consciousness novels. Woolf combined >facts< and >vision<, mirroring the social reality through dialogues and interior monologues of the Pargiter family members. It is an innovation of Woolf’s creation, but critics have not yet reached an agreement on it. Based on the humanistic psychoanalyst Erich Fromm’s socio-psychology, the thesis is an exposure of the phenomenon of alienated personality and negative social characters under Western capitalist social and economic system. It explores Woolf’s concern with the personality development of modern people and her call for sane personality. The Years cover eleven different years. Accordingly, the author of the present study analyzes social backgrounds and changes of Britain from 1880s to 1930s with Fromm’s comparative diagnosis of the nineteenth and twentieth century. It suggests the spiritual retrogression of capitalist society despite the material civilization and uncovers how social and economic system of market-orientation hindered the personality development. Woolf’s technique of contrast is to expose the disharmonious relationship between human, nature and society caused by capitalist system. Fromm’s concept of >alienation< is used to analyze the alienation phenomenon including protagonists’ lack of a sense of self and estrangement between people. Negative social characters, such as powerlessness and repression, indifference and insincerity are exposed. The restoration of sane humanity is of vital importance. Protagonists realize self-salvation against alienation through cultivation of a sense of self and productiveness, and they relieve estrangement between them by love and communication. Their love for nature and nature as a shelter for human soul suggested that intimacy between human and nature is able to promote the development of the sane personality. Therefore, Woolf’s call for sane personality in The Years can be recognized. Since alienation is widespread in modern society under the economic system of market-orientation, it is impairment and hindrance to a sane society, as well as a sane personality. It is vital and urgent to restore a sane personality for modern people.] [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xinyang T1 - The Number of Officials in the >Escape from Freedom< [有多少官员在>逃避自由<] JF - Boat Together [同舟共进 ], No. 5 (2012), p. 15. N2 - 我说中国的一些官员在>逃避自由<,有人会说我脑子有问题——中国官员有太多的自由,会有人>逃避自由<吗?的确,现今世界上恐怕没几个国家的官员像中国官员这样在行为上有那么大的自由度。但不要忽视,他们在逃避着另一种自由,这就 N2 - I said some officials >Escape from Freedom<, some people will say that my mind - Chinese officials have too much freedom, someone >Escape from Freedom田纳西•威廉斯在美国剧坛的中心地位并非时序使然,而是在于他的戏剧想象力。<然而,这位以其独特创作风格丰富美国及世界舞台的戏剧大师却备受争议。由于威廉斯本人复杂、>病态<的生活经历、作品中荒诞离奇的戏剧情节以及性、暴力、疯癫等敏感的戏剧主题,他曾一度被排斥在美国主流文化之外,一些评论家对其剧作大加贬斥,认为他的剧作道德败坏、有失伦常。因此,当这位戏剧大师离世之时,琳达•瓦恩纳在《今日美国》中对之给予这样的评价:>当听说田纳西•威廉斯刚刚在楼上去世时,没有人在打听他是谁……当然,名声并不能说明什么,但现代剧作家中再也找不出一位像威廉斯这样复杂而又生动地影响美国意识的剧作家了。尽管他的吸毒、酗酒、同性恋和后期剧作的失败是众所周知的,但他的那些获奖作品却依然存在,这正是匕首与诗歌同存的有着缺陷的人性的体现。<威廉斯在美国和世界剧坛的巨大影响力及其剧作的负面评论显示了一个不争的事实:蕴含于威廉斯剧作中丰富的人性内涵深深地触动了现代人脆弱而多感的灵魂,然而扑朔迷离的人物以及迷幻的语言风格使其剧作晦涩难懂,长期以来遭到误读。鉴于此,有必要对威廉斯剧作进行全面解读以期挖掘出其中更深层次的思想内涵。与同时代的其他两位戏剧大师尤金•奥尼尔和阿瑟•米勒一样,威廉斯也十分关注处于精神迷惘的现代人的内心世界,但不同的是,他所关注的是那些形形色色无法融入主流社会的边缘人群,剧作中,他竭力展现这些>有缺陷的人<那饱受痛苦煎熬的灵魂。追本溯源,威廉斯在其剧作中对于边缘群体的热切关注源自于患有同性恋恐惧症的美国社会带给他这个>性倒错<者的创伤与痛苦。因此,威廉斯剧作中的主旋律必定是与他边缘的性身份紧密相关的边缘思想。威廉斯的个人经历与美国社会政治文化背景对其作品的影响使其剧作中同性恋的表达十分复杂,这一复杂性要求必须在充分考虑到文学评论的四大要素,既作品、作家、世界、读者的基础上,从与作品相关的社会、文化、政治等方面入手对其剧作进行全方位、多层面的解读。经过严密的论证,精神分析发展的重要里程碑—弗洛伊德的个体心理学、弗洛姆的社会心理学、荣格的分析心理学以及拉康的后现代精神分析顺次成为论文的理论框架。于是,同性恋为研究对象,精神分析为研究方法,威廉斯边缘思想体系为研究目的,共同演绎了这篇《边缘上的变奏:威廉斯剧作中同性恋维度的精神分析》。弗洛伊德的个体心理学主张通过作家与作品的关系进行文学研究,认为梦的形成与文学创作有异曲同工之妙。鉴于梦的隐义可以通过梦的显像来表达,那么威廉斯作品中显现的作为同性恋艺术家的自画像则成为探索他个人边缘感的主要渠道。威廉斯的剧作大多是情感性自传,并非他个人经历的真实展现而是其心理世界的反映。剧作中,他情不自禁地将自己的边缘情结投射在剧中人物身上:早期剧作中,这位年轻的剧作家将女性人物视为他的情感之根;麦卡锡时代,作家的使命感敦促这位成熟的剧作家将面戴神秘面纱的自我送上了为边缘人群寻求救赎希望的神圣之旅;当社会对同性恋的态度有所缓和时,威廉斯的生命和艺术之火已渐渐燃尽,于是他在作品中留下一份空间,期望在真实自我的寻求中重返艺术世界。这些游弋于作品中鲜活的人物形象所汇聚而成的威廉斯作为同性恋艺术家的自画像向我们展示了威廉斯的个人边缘感。弗洛姆的社会心理学探讨的是社会如何利用社会无意识对个体意识进行控制的,这为探讨威廉斯流于作品中的社会层面的边缘感打开了方便之门。在推崇异性恋的社会里,同性恋被视为一个规避的存在,这种内化了的同性恋恐惧症使大多数社会成员神经过敏,致使同性恋这一群体痛苦地挣扎在主流社会的边缘之上。剧作中,威廉斯在表达他个人边缘感的同时,也通过从多角度展现社会强加给同性恋的心理创伤来表达同性恋作为边缘群体的边缘感:所有的社会成员在内化了的同性恋恐惧症这一社会无意识的作用下孤立、排斥同性恋;出于对排斥的恐惧,备受压抑的同性恋只能选择逃亡作为他们的出路;然而不幸的是,正是逃亡使他们陷入了无尽的孤独之中。由此,在见证威廉斯作为一个成熟的剧作家如何将个人情感转化为艺术情感的过程中我们领略到了他社会层面的边缘感。威廉斯的剧作中饱含大量的神话和原型。对他而言,神话和原型具有极强的象征意义,是很>自然的戏剧语言<,威廉斯由此展现了他对世界的感知。荣格的原型理论认为,神话和原型代表了人类最普遍的情感,因而具有文化的内涵。剧作中,他在描绘主流文化所推崇的二元对立模式下残缺不全的世界的同时,竭力凸显他构建的以和谐、相容为文化理念的理想世界:在个人意识的范围内,他摒弃了精神与肉体的分裂、呼唤完整的人性;在两性世界里,他打破了两性的界限,崇尚双性同体;看到同自然的分离是人类痛苦的根源,他表达了逃离这个腐朽社会、与自然和谐相容的美好愿望。两种文化模式下两个世界的对比彰显了他对异于主流文化的同性恋边缘文化所做的贡献。福柯认为,语言是各种权利运作的载体,运用探索无意识与语言关系的拉康后现代精神分析对威廉斯剧作中同性恋话语的解读可以使我们充分体会到他在剧作中所表现的对于主流话语的独特的应对机制,其作品语言风格的流动可以看成是美国社会政治气候及其文学地位变化的晴雨表:早期剧作中模棱两可的语言显示他>欲语还羞<;麦卡锡时代,既得的文学地位使他得以在作品中构建同性恋新形象来对抗主流话语对同性恋形象的贬损:石墙事件以后,和其他同时代的作家一样,威廉斯采用了直言不讳的表述方法,与此同时,他还调动各种戏剧手段作为语言符号来表现同性恋的心理问题。剧作中语言风格的变化展示了威廉斯政治层面的边缘感。至此,这部为徜徉于威廉斯剧作中的边缘思想而唱响的以同性恋为主题的精神分析的变奏曲终于落下了帷幕:威廉斯所热衷的自我表述将我们带进了他的内心世界,使我们可以真实地探求他作为一个同性恋无法融入主流社会的边缘感;作为同性恋艺术家的>非个人化<将我们的目光引向了他剧作中所描述的和他一样生活在社会边缘的同性恋群体,在对其进行剖析的过程中,我们深切地感受到了蕴含其中的浓郁的社会意识;神话和原型增强了威廉斯剧作的普遍性,这使威廉斯得以在作品中构建一个与现实世界相抗衡的理想世界,由此为被主流文化所不容的同性恋文化做出了贡献;对威廉斯流动变化的写作风格的研读使我们的嗅到了其中强烈的政治味道。这样,四个理论节点所形成的四个变奏,既论文的四个部分交相辉映形成了这部变奏曲的多彩乐章。尽管威廉斯的作品频频受到非议,但近半个多世纪以来,观众及读者对之兴趣依然不减。一些曾因威廉斯戏剧而名声大噪的演员如马龙•白兰度、保罗•纽曼、杰西卡•唐迪至今依然令人难以忘怀;他诗性妙曼的语言依然回响在舞台上;他笔下栩栩如生的人物还扣动着观众与读者的心弦。如今,威廉斯已离世二十余载,其剧作在世界舞台上又开始了新一轮的巡演,其戏剧研究也日渐趋热。威廉斯戏剧的再热不仅从一个侧面论证了其剧作强大的艺术生命力和感染力,而且从某种程度上也显示出他笔下的那些形形色色在道德和人性上错位的边缘群体在这个多元化的时代终于唤起了人们的广泛关注,这些人物所展现的苟存于主流文化之中的生活方式和边缘文化意识都有待于我们对之进行重新鉴赏和审视,去挖掘其中所蕴含的超越于时空的丰富的思想内涵。希望本论文所提供的独特的理论视角可以为此方面的研究打开一个局面,从而为日益多彩的威廉斯戏剧研究抹上浓重而真实的一笔。 N2 - As one of the greatest playwrights in the 20th century, Tennessee Williams won many top theatrical awards, such as Pulitzer Prize, New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award and Tony Award, etc. Yet, the playwright whose unique creative style had enriched American and world theatre was a controversial figure. Owing to his own morbid life experience, along with his fantastic dramatic plots and recurrent themes of sex, violence, insanity, and etc., Williams used to be shunned by American mainstream culture for quite some time and also labeled as an immoral abettor by some critics. As Linda Winer commented when he was found dead in Room Sunset at the Hotel Elysee of New York City in USA Today: When told Tennessee Williams had just died upstairs, no one needed to ask who he was … Celebrity, of course, is no proof of greatness. Yet it is impossible to name another modern playwright who has broken into American’s consciousness with Tennessee Williams’ complex, vivid force. Despite publicity about drugs, alcoholism, homosexuality, and failures of his later plays, it is the award-winning playwright’s work – the knives and poetry of flawed humanity – that remains. - The concurrence of Williams’ great power over the global theatre and the unfavorable criticism he encounters in his playwriting demonstrates: the rich connotation of human nature in his plays do touch modern people’s fragile and sensitive souls, but owning to ambiguous characters and evasive language, his plays have been misread for a long time. In view of this, it is necessary to make a panoramic interpretation of Williams’ dramatic canon to delve into the ideological connotation in his plays. - Williams, like the other two great American playwrights Eugene O’Neill and Arthur Miller, concerns himself with the inner psyche of spiritually perplexed modern man, but he chooses to fix his eyes on all hues of marginal people, devoted to probing into the tortured inner worlds of >the flawed people< populating his plays. Tracing the root in his life experience, Williams’ obsessively dramatizing the marginal people originates in his sufferings of being asexual deviant in American homophobic society. It is justifiable to say that the main motif of his plays is his marginal ideology closely associated with his marginalized sexual identity. - Williams’ life experience, together with American socio-political and cultural milieu, complicates his presentation of homosexuality. The complexity requires the present study to deploy a vast panorama, i.e. individually, socially, culturally and politically, with consideration into all >four elements in the total situation of a work of art<, i.e. the work to the author, the universe (or nature, and the world) and the audience (or listeners, spectators and readers). The milestones of psychoanalytical development, i.e. Freud’s individual psychology, Fromm’s social psychology, Jung’s analytical psychology and Lacan’s post-modernism psychoanalysis are respectively applied to the present study in a chronological order. Thus, with homosexuality as the research object, psychoanalysis as theoretical approach and Williams’ marginal ideology as the aim of research, Variations on the Margin: A Psychoanalytical Critique of Homosexuality in Tennessee Williams’ Plays is born. - Freudian individual psychology suggests that a piece of literary work be studied through the inter-relationship of an author and work and dream-work parallel art-work. Considering that the >dream-thoughts< can be represented by the manifest content of a dream, namely >pictographic script, the natural language of drama< Jungian archetypal theory believes that myths and archetypes represent human beings’ universal feelings and thus carry the cultural connotation. By employing them, Williams indicates his perception of the world. In his plays, he describes the incomplete world constructed in the mode of binary opposition advocated by mainstream culture, and in theme anwhile, emphasizes his ideal world with the concepts of compatibility and harmony. From man ontology to the outside world, he constructs three ordinal worlds as the counterparts of the ones that accord to mainstream culture. The sharp contrast of the two kinds of worlds reveals Williams’ great contribution to the gay subculture in conflict with mainstream culture. - Michel Foucault thinks that language serves as a carrier of various power exercises. The interpretation of Williams’ homosexual discourse in terms of Lacanian postmodernism psychoanalysis that lays more weight on the interrelationship of the unconscious and language presents his unique tactics coping with the constraints of mainstream discourse. The fluidity of Williams’ language style can be read as a >barometer< of American socio-political climate and the change of his literary status, thus connoting Williams’ marginal ideology on the political level. - The study of homosexuality in Williams’ plays from the omni bearings in terms of psychoanalysis gives us an access to the four aspects: his self-portrait as a homosexual artist, the pitiable plight of the homosexual group on the social margin, his ideal world connoted by gay sub-culture, and the homosexual discourse. Through the analysis of these four aspects, we have got four ideas held by Williams as a marginal being. They serve as four variations of Williams’ marginal ideology, thus wor-king together to play a colorful musical movement with his marginal ideology as primary motif. - Today, twenty-six years after his death, Williams’ plays have imperiously started another revival on the world’s theatrical stage. The revival not only has authenticated Williams’ strong artistic vitality, but also, in some sense, indicated that the various marginal groups with moral and human dislocations in his plays have finally got the attention in the era of diversity. The life style and marginal ideology of these marginal characters are waiting to be anew appreciated and surveyed so as to mine for the rich ideological connotation beyond time and space. It is hoped that the unique theoretical perspective offered in the present dissertation will open up a prospect of Williams study in this respect and hence enrich the increasingly colorful Williams studies. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xuedong T1 - An Analysis of College Students' Consumption from the Perspective of Fromm's Consumption Alienation 从弗洛姆消费异化的视角探析大学生消费问题 JF - Business 商 No. 31 (2016), p. 128. N2 - 弗洛姆在《健全的社会》一书中提出要建立>人道主义的公有社会制<和树立>人道、健康的消费<的观点来反对不良消费。弗洛姆的消费异化理论中的异化消费现象在如今我国当代大学生中也广泛存在。大学生是特殊的消费群体,处在心理发展成熟的过渡阶段,他们没有稳定的收入却喜欢消费。和其他消费者不同,他们的消费有鲜明的自身特点。为此,本文通过分析大学生消费行为异化的表现来研究大学生消费中存在的问题,引导大学生健康科学消费,这也将有助于他们心理的健康发展,在今后为祖国作出应有的贡献。 N2 - In the book >Sound Society<, Fromm proposed to establish a >humanitarian public social system< and establish a >humane, healthy consumption< view against negative consumption. Fromm's consumption alienation theory and the alienation of consumer phenomenon in today's contemporary college students are also widespread. College students are special consumer groups, in a mature stage of psychological development; they do not have a stable income but like consumption. And other consumers are different; their consumption has its own characteristics. Therefore, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the consumption of college students by analyzing the performance of college students' consumption behavior alienation, and guides the healthy scientific consumption of college students. This will also contribute to their healthy development and make their due contribution to the motherland in the future. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xueting T1 - On Fromm's Thought of Escaping Freedom [浅谈弗洛姆的逃避自由思想] JF - Popular Literature [大众文艺], No. 13 (2018), pp. 244-245. N2 - 弗洛姆一生致力于研究现代人的性格结构以及有关心理因素和社会因素相互作用的问题,《逃避自由》弗洛姆热烈探究自由之于现代人的含义,他努力教导人们自由而不孤独、自爱而不自私、理智判断而不找合理化借口,拥有信仰但不迷信科学。 N2 - Fromm's life devoted to the study of modern people's personality structure and the interaction between psychological factors and social factors. In >Escape from Freedom< Fromm enthusiastically explores the meaning of freedom for modern people, he strives to teach people freedom, not loneliness, self-love, not selfishness, rational judgment, not seeking rationalization excuses, having faith but not superstitious science. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xueting T1 - Study on the City Theory of Frankfurt School [法兰克福学派城市理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2020. N2 - 法兰克福学派基于对当代城市问题的关切,发展形成了独具特色和理论价值的城市理论。从纵向看,法兰克福学派的城市批判理论经历了历史哲学批判时期、交往行为理论批判时期和承认理论批判时期。在历史哲学批判时期,霍克海默、阿多诺和弗洛姆等从工具理性批判的视角审视城市的问题,从不同角度对发达资本主义社会中占支配地位的工具理性进行了批判。在交往行为理论批判时期,哈贝马斯开始关注公共领域的结构转型和主体的社会整合力量等>社会性的内部关系<,通过交往行为的力量从社会内部解决社会出现的问题。在承认理论批判时期,霍耐特认为必须走规范性和经验性批判相结合的道路,用承认理论去重新审视社会道德。从横向看,法兰克福学派城市理论批判的主题主要包括四个方面,经济、文化、空间和心理。经济作为整个城市批判理论的基础,体现在工具理性成为企业和人们活动的法则、企业和技术成为新的统治形式和当代资本主义社会的剥削程度和异化程度的加深。文化是法兰克福学派城市批判的重点,文化不仅倒退为欺骗大众的>文化工业<,而且文化为城市人提供逃避自由的模式。空间是法兰克福学派城市批判的重要组成部分,《巴黎拱廊计划》指出城市空间是受资本支配的含混空间,《启蒙辩证法》指出城市空间在理性退化为工具理性语境下具有同质化、欺骗性的特征,《公共领域的结构转型》指出城市空间>公<>私<领域的趋渐融合,《为承认而斗争》构建了自由展现个体自主性的城市空间。心理是法兰克福学派城市批判的新领域,弗洛姆揭示人们逃避自由与社会人本主义伦理的沦丧,马尔库塞指出发达社会人的单向度发展,霍耐特构建爱、法律和团结从而试图给个体提供基本自信、自尊和自重。法兰克福学派城市理论是对马克思城市理论的继承与发展,它批判资本主义城市的异化发展,重绘城市空间样貌,重建城市心理样态,提供解决当代城市问题的新视角,努力实现现代人的自由全面发展。法兰克福学派城市对我们规划、建设和发展中国特色的社会主义城市,具有重大的启示作用。 N2 - The Frankfurt School has developed a distinctive and theoretically valuable theory of the city based on its concern for contemporary urban issues. Longitudinally, the Frankfurt School's critical theory of the city has gone through a period of historical-philosophical criticism, a period of interaction-act theory criticism and a period of recognition theory criticism. In the period of historical-philosophical critique, Horkheimer, Adorno and Fromm examined the city from the perspective of instrumental rationality and critiqued the dominant instrumental rationality in developed capitalist societies from different perspectives. In the critique of the act of interaction theory, Habermas began to focus on the >structural transformation of the public sphere< and the power of social integration of the subject as >internal relations of sociality<, solving the problems of society from within through the power of the act of interaction. In the critical period of recognition theory, Honneth argues that it is necessary to follow a path that combines normative and empirical criticism, using recognition theory to re-examine social morality. From a horizontal perspective, the themes of Frankfurt School’s urban theory criticism mainly include four aspects: economy, culture, space and psychology. The economy is the basis of the whole critical theory of the city, as reflected in the instrumental rationality that has become the law of business and people's activities, the new forms of domination by business and technology, and the deepening of exploitation and alienation in contemporary capitalist society. Culture is the focus of the Frankfurt School's urban critique, not only as a regressive >cultural industry< that deceives the masses, but also as a mode of >escape from freedom< for urbanites. Space is an important part of the Frankfurt School's urban critique, with >The Paris Arcade Project< pointing out that urban space is an ambiguous space dominated by capital, the >Dialectic of Enlightenment< pointing out that urban space is homogenized and deceptive in the context of the degeneration of reason into instrumental reason, and >The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere< pointing out the convergence of the >public< and >private< spheres of urban space. >The Struggle for Recognition< constructs an urban space that freely displays individual autonomy. Psychology is a new area of Frankfurt School urban critique, with Fromm revealing the flight from freedom and the decline of the humanist ethic in society, Marcuse pointing to the one-way development of the human being in developed societies, and Honneth constructing love, law and solidarity in an attempt to provide individuals with basic self-confidence, self-esteem and self-respect. The Frankfurt School theory of the city is an inheritance and development of Marx's theory of the city, which criticizes the alienated development of the capitalist city, redraws the spatial appearance of the city, reconstructs the psychological shape of the city, provides a new perspective on contemporary urban problems, and strives to achieve the free and comprehensive development of modern man. The city theory of Frankfort school has a significant enlightenment for us to plan, build and develop the socialist city with Chinese characteristics. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xueting T1 - Fromm's Sound Social Theory and Contemporary Enlightenment [弗洛姆健全社会理论及当代启示] JF - Sinogram Culture [汉字文化], No. 15 (2019), pp. 143-144. N2 - 弗洛姆作为法兰克福学派对资本主义社会进行批判的重炮手,在现代社会人格心理方面有重大建树。在《健全的社会》中,弗洛姆先见性地指出,不仅个人会有精神生病问题,而且作为整体的社会也会生病。并且只有在经济、政治以及文化各个领域同时发生变革,这一危机才会化解,达到真正的健全的社会彼岸。弗洛姆的健全社会理论对我们思考当下社会心理问题具有重要启示。 N2 - As a heavy gunner of the Frankfurt School's criticism of capitalist society, Fromm has made great achievements in the personality psychology of modern society. In >Sound Society<, Fromm presciently pointed out that not only individuals will have mental illness, but society as a whole will also get sick. And only when changes occur simultaneously in the economic, political, and cultural fields will this crisis be resolved and reach a truly sound society. Fromm's sound social theory has important implications for us to think about the current social psychological problems. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xun T1 - The Analysis of the War Nature of Judge Holden in the Novel >Blood Meridian< [《血色子午线》中霍尔顿法官的战争本性] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Anshun University [安顺学院学报], No. 4 (2012), pp. 17-18, 30. N2 - Cormac McCarthy is one of the most distinguished writers in contemporary American literature. His masterpiece Blood Meridian is a text set in the western border of the United States, in the which, based on the shocking with historical fact that American white slaughtered American Indians just after the end of America-Mexico war, McCarthy Shaped Holden, the central figure of the novel, to the spokesperson of the war. With the view of text analysis, the nature of Holden who pursues war is discussed by the theory of human destructiveness proposed by Erich Fromm, the famous psychologist and philosopher. The bloody scenes presented in the novel reflect the cruelty of war, and indicate the long-existence of war, which remind people to fight against the source of war to enjoy a peaceful life. N2 - 当代美国著名小说家科马克.麦卡锡的代表作《血色子午线》是一部以美国西部边境为背景的小说。文中,麦卡锡基于美墨战争后在美国西南部发生的大肆屠杀印第安人事件,将小说的中心人物霍尔顿法官塑造成为战争的代言人。作者从文本分析的角度,阐析了小说中霍尔顿法官的战争本性,以血淋淋的场景来反思战争的残酷,并提出战争将会永远存在,只有认清引起战争的本源,并与其不断抗争,人类社会才有希望。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Ya T1 - Fromm’s Logic Approach to His Socialist Concept – Text Interpretation of >Marx's Concept of Man< [论弗洛姆社会主义观的逻辑进路——《马克思关于人的概念》文本解读] JF - Theory Monthly [理论月刊], No. 2 (2016), pp. 30-35. N2 - 弗洛姆的社会主义观是从他关于人的概念中推导出来的。本质的人是能动的、生产的、以自己的力量把握和包摄客观世界的人,这是人应当成为的样子;资本主义社会下人的异化,使人丧失了本质;社会主义消除人的异化,使人复归为真正的人。按照这一逻辑进路,他构筑了一个符合伦理规范的人道主义的社会主义。他的社会主义观和马克思主义根本不同,但是他的批判精神具有可贵的价值。 N2 - Fromm's concept of socialism is derived from his conception of man's out. Human nature is dynamic, production, to grasp their own strength and packages subject objective world, and this is the way people should be; alienation servant capitalist society, people lose the essence; the elimination of the Socialist People's Alienation, people revert to real people. Following this logic approach, he built a ethical norms of humanitarian socialism. His concept of socialism and Marxism fundamentally different, but his critical spirit has valuable value. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yan T1 - Fromm’s Ethics Review [弗洛姆人本主义伦理学述评] JF - Academic Monthly [学术月刊], No. 7 (1986), pp. 30-35. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980)系当代西方一位著名的心理分析学家、哲学家和社会学家,也是法兰克福学派的主要代表人物之一。他毕生致力于有关人的问题探索,特别是对当代资本主义社会中人的问题进行研究,写下了许多重要著作,对当代西方世界青年一代产生了很大的影响。人本主义伦理学就是他整个学说中的一个重要组成部分。弗洛姆的人本主义伦理学,正如他本人所说,是把人以及人的发展、完善、尊严和自由放在中心位置上的一种思想体系;它强调人本身就是目的,而不是手段;它所信奉的准则是:一切伦理规范的确立都必须以对人本身的认识为依据。弗洛姆试图恢复人在整个价值体系中的地位和尊严,无疑具有一定的合理因素,但他把对人性的认识看作是确立伦理规范的唯一标准,而忽略了社会经济基础对道德的决定性作用,这就使得他的许多观点带有很大的局限性。本文试图对弗洛姆的伦理思想进行一些考察。 N2 - Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980), Department of Contemporary Western a famous psychological analysis of sociologists, philosophers and sociologists, and also the Frankfurt School's principal representative of one. He devoted his life to the problems of the people concerned to explore, especially for human research in contemporary capitalist society, wrote many important works, had a great influence on the Contemporary Western world youth generation. Humanistic ethics is an important part of his whole doctrine. Fromm's humanistic ethics, as he himself has said, is the development of the people as well as people, perfect, dignity and freedom in a central location on a system of thought; It emphasizes human purpose, rather than a means of; criteria that it believes in: all established ethical norms must be based on human understanding. Fromm trying to restore the status and dignity of the people in the whole value system, undoubtedly has a certain reasonable factors, but his understanding of human nature as the sole criterion for establishing a code of ethics, while ignoring the social and economic infrastructure decisive moral role, which makes many of his views with a lot of limitations. This paper attempts to Fromm ethical thinking some visits. [automatic translation] Y1 - 1986 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yanfei T1 - The Freedom Dilemma of the Women and the Way out – >The Golden Notebook< Psychological Interpretation [自由女性的困境与出路 - 《金色笔记》的心理学解读], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Northwestern University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2006 [Application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - One's inner world is always the focus of literary works in modern times the psychological moment can indeed reflect people's real situation. Doris Lessing all-round ascertains in The Golden Notebook a of western modern woman who is in a dilemma of the novel manifests that a modern woman are between two fires, which cools down the fever of pursuing to be a free woman. There is no doubt that Doris Lessing are aware of all sorts of difficult the free women are faced with. But she doesn't explicitly point out the way out of the current situation and how to make the real freedom come true. This paper applies related theory of Erich Fromm who is American temporary famous psychologist and sociologist, analyses the free women's dilemma which is refracted by the figure of Anna in The Golden Notebook, and try hard to search after the outlet for the free women to get out of the dilemma. The text of this paper consists of three parts as follows.– The part one traces back to the fundamental conception of >freedom< and introduces the concept of Fromm about liberty. At the same time the author analyzed from the psychology angle the color image about four notebooks which are named after the four colors: red, black, yellow, blue.– The part two narrates that Anna is faced with all sorts of difficult which concludes political conviction and creative action, applies Fromm's theory about dream to analyze Anna's intellectual crisis.– The chapter three looks up the out way for free women. Breaking through the shackles of habit and getting rid of the marriage bound doesn't guarantee one own freedom. One can drive off in the reverse direction. Modern women should not be antagonistic to the man but mix together themselves and male sex, the whole society by cherish and spontaneous activity, they should pursue senior grade freedom with the blending between woman and man, with the development of society. N2 - 人的内心世界一直是文学创作中备受关注的焦点,的确,现代人隐秘的心理从某种程度上更能反映他们的真实处境。本文从心理学的层面探悉《金色笔记》中所反映的自由女性的困境,并力图思考困境中的女性>突围<的出路。莱辛在《金色笔记》中对当代西方的自由女性作了全方位的、多角度的审视,凸现出追求自由的女性在当代西方社会中进退维谷的两难处境,从而降低了女性盲目追求自由的热度。毫无疑问,较之同时代激进的女性主义者,莱辛显得更客观冷静,她认识到女性在挣脱传统的束缚之后又陷入另一种困境,但是,并没有明确指出她们摆脱现存困境、实现真正自由的出路所在。本论文结合美国当代著名心理学家、社会学家弗罗姆的相关理论,以《金色笔记》为文本分析个案,讨论主人公安娜的形象所折射出来的自由女性的困境,探讨其中内含的理论问题。论文分三部分:第一章简要介绍了自由的概念并引入弗罗姆的自由观,其次是对《金色笔记》中黑、红、黄、蓝、金五种颜色意象作了心理分析;第二章叙述了安娜在政治信仰、文学创作、感情生活中的种种尴尬处境,并引入弗罗姆的梦论,深入安娜的心灵深处,分析她的精神危机;第三章意在探求陷入困境的自由女性的可能出路。走出家庭、摆脱婚姻并非实现自由的保证,相反,会距离自由愈来愈远。女性应该通过爱和自发性的工作,达到与男性世界、与整个社会的融合,在两性的融合中,在社会的和谐进步中追求更高层次的自由。 Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yang T1 - Human Eternal War – Reading Snow >Trinity< [人类永恒的战争——读残雪《三位一体》] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Time Education (Education and Teaching Edition) [时代教育(教育教学版)], No. 5 (2008), p. 24. N2 - 残雪的《三位一体》是一篇描写人的精神领域善与恶斗争的文章。本文试用精神分析学家弗洛伊德的释梦原理以及埃里希•弗洛姆的人性理论来对此进行阐释,以期对这篇文章进行解读。 N2 - Snow >Trinity< is a description of the field of human spiritual struggle between good and evil article. In this paper, the principles of interpretation of dreams trial psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud and Erich Fromm's theory of human nature to explain this conduct in order to interpret this article. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yangbo T1 - Freedom: Heavy Yoke – Read Erich Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [自由:沉重的枷锁——读弗洛姆的《逃避自由》] JF - Tribune of Social Sciences (Academic Review Volume) [社会科学论坛(学术评论卷)], No. 10 (2007), pp. 98-102. N2 - 自由是人类社会不断追求的理想,匈牙利革命诗人裴多斐就曾给自由给予了极高评价:>生命诚可贵,爱情价更高,若为自由故,两者皆可抛。<诗句成为激励每一代社会 N2 - Freedom is the constant pursuit of the ideal of human society, the Hungarian revolutionary poet Pei Fei had given much freedom to give a high evaluation: >Life is precious, and love even if it is free, both can be thrown.< poem became the inspiration for every generation of social. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yanmei T1 - Out of the Fog of Consumption – Resolution on Consumer Alienation [走出消费的迷雾 -对消费异化的解析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2012. N2 - 消费是人类物质生产与再生产中的一个重要环节,也是人类生存与发展的首要条件之一,但在当代>异化<却侵入了消费领域,以符号消费、奢侈消费、盲目消费为代表的消费方式,正在把我们人类引向一种可怕境地,这不得不引起我们对消费方式的反思。本文通过对消费异化的概念、特征及危害的阐述,使我们了解到,消费异化实质是一种脱离了消费者的正常需要,与消费的本质相背离,控制或操纵消费者,且具有严重危害性的非正常消费方式。这种非正常消费方式给自然、社会以及人自身都带来了严重危害。本文通过运用马克思的异化劳动理论分别从资本、商品拜物教等不同角度揭示出了造成消费异化的根源。同时面对我国目前消费领域中出现的种种异化现象,结合西方马克思主义扬弃消费异化之路的思想,特别是弗洛姆的>人道化消费<思想和生态马克思主义学派的>构建新的社会主义<思想,力图寻求即与我国当前经济发展水平、生态环境水平和资源状况相适应,又与人们的精神需要相协调的和谐消费模式,以期为最终走出消费的迷雾寻求人类的精神家园作出有益的尝试。 N2 - Consumption is human material production and reproduction an important role in human survival and the development also is one of the primary condition, but in the contemporary >alienation< hacked into the consumer areas to symbol consumption, luxury consumption, blind consumption, as a representative of the consumption pattern, are we humans to a terrible situation, this had to cause us to reflect on the way of consumption. This article through to consumption alienation of the concept, characteristics and harm paper, that we know, consumption alienation is essentially from the consumer's normal needs, and the essence of consumption departure from, control or manipulate consumers, and has a serious danger of abnormal consumption status. - The abnormal consumption to nature, society and the way people themselves with the serious harm. This article through the use of Marx's theory of alienation from each of the alienated labor, capital, commodity fetishism and so on the different Angle reveal the cause the origin of consumption dissimilation. While facing our country at present the consumption in the field of all kinds of alienation appear, combined with the western Marxist sublation of the road of consumption dissimilation thoughts, especially Fromm's >humanitarian change consumption< thought and ecological Marxist school of >constructing new socialism< thought, find out a namely and China's current economic development level, the ecological environment level and resources situation, the adapt, and the spirit of the people and to coordinate the harmonious consumption mode, finally out of the fog of consumption for the human spirit home. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yanping T1 - A Little New Understanding of >Love at First Sight< [对>一见钟情<的一点儿新认识] JF - Popular Psychology [大众心理学], No. 11 (2017), p. 41. N2 - 心理学认为,一见钟情现象的出现大多是因为女孩子在他人身上找爸爸的影子,男孩子在她人身上找妈妈的原型。弗洛姆在他的《爱的艺术》中这样写道:造成神经机能病态爱情的基本条件是>相爱的<一方或双方都牢牢地抓住父亲或母亲的形象,并把他以前对父亲或母亲怀有的感情、期待和恐惧成年后都转移到>所爱者<身上。这些人从来没有超越儿 N2 - In positive psychology, the phenomenon of love at first sight appears mostly because the girl looks for the shadow of father on the other person, and the boy looks for the mother's prototype on her person. In his book >The Art of Loving<, Fromm writes: The basic condition that causes a neurotic morbid love is that one or both of the >beloved< friends firmly grasp the image of the father or mother and put him in the past to his father Or mother's feelings, hopes and fears are all transferred to >beloved< as adults. These people never surpass children [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yanyang T1 - Theoretical Path to Political Psychology: On Taking the Study of Erich Fromm for Example [试论政治心理学的理论路径——以埃里希·弗洛姆的研究为例] JF - Journal of Shanxi University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) [山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 6 (2012), pp. 86-89. N2 - On the basis of the theories of Marx and Freud and through the expoundation is on the rationality of theoretical integration Fromm made a systematic integration - of the two theories. This integration not only gave consideration to such dimensions as history, society, economy and psychology, but also incorporated micro and macro-theoretical perspectives, on which Fromm raised theory of social character and created a rather unique theoretical path to political psychology. N2 - 在马克思与弗洛伊德学说的基础上,通过对理论整合合理性的论证,弗洛姆对两种学说进行了系统性整合。这种整合兼顾了历史、经济、社会、政治与心理等多个维度,而且融合了微观与宏观理论视野。弗洛姆不仅以此提出了社会人格理论,更开创了一支颇为独特的政治心理学研究路径。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yaoyu T1 - The Research on Fromm’s “Liberation of the Mind” [弗洛姆人的解放思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Theory, Hubei Academy of Social Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2020. N2 - 新兴科技带来了机器自动化工具,不断地缩短了人类的必要劳动时间量,技术理性使人类过上了更具人格尊严的物质生活。人类开启了一个>更富裕、更舒适、更享受<的新纪元。但与物质丰裕相伴随的,人的生存却遭受到前所未有的压抑。在建构新的工具系统过程中,人类毫不顾及技术理性的威胁,甚至把技术理性作为生存追求的最高目标。人的创造能力被导向到征服自然和利用自然,为人类创造享受性物质的方向去了,从而也使人类自身沦为工具技术系统的>附庸物<。在技术理性的作用下,机械工具高度自动化,工人的分工不断细小化,导致社会群体也不断>原子化<,人成为了机械工具的>原子部件<。人的主体性日益弱化,有时人的自我体验到:自己是一件>商品<,目标是尽力使自身更具有>商品属性<,具有>使用价值的可售性<,这时人的理性和人格必定异化了。人们总是追求与大多数人意志一致性。人们没有自我尊严感,日常情绪表现为恐惧、焦虑或疑虑、特别渴望得到他人的认可。人们己经同自身分离或疏离了,转而崇拜自己创造的产品和物质技术力量。本文以弗洛姆对资本主义社会中人的境况批判为基点。首先,揭示资本主义社会中人的生存境遇的异化。人与人之间充满无情的竞争、人被当作工具而利用、人遭受来自权威的压抑,并且在技术理性的驱动下,权威变种为更加隐蔽的控制力量。人的劳动异化了,劳动的成果不再属于劳动者,而成为劳动者的对立物。其次,论述弗洛姆对社会性格的批判。包括人的理性不断异化,人日益抽象化和量化、民主的异化,使人无论在任何条件下不得不顺从、人的物质欲望的异化。再次,探究弗洛姆对资本主义社会极端伦理的批判,他批判了人的极度自私利己主义、人的异化良心、人的扭曲享乐价值倾向、人在资本主义社会中对极端信仰追崇、人的功利主义道德观等内容。弗洛姆正是在对资本主义社会的不良现象批判后,提出人通往健全社会并实现人的自由解放之路的。人摆脱异化后人格尊严得以回归,人应该从经济、政治、文化三方面获得相应的解放,最终实现建构健全社会与人的自由解放的有机统一。 N2 - New technologies have brought automated tools that are constantly shortening the time necessary for human labor, and technological rationality enables human beings to live a more dignified life. Mankind has ushered in a new era of >greater affluence, greater comfort, and greater enjoyment.< But what followed is an unprecedented repression. In the process of constructing a new tool system, human beings ignore the threat of technological rationality and even regard it as the highest goal of survival. The creative ability of human beings is directed to conquer nature and utilize nature to create enjoyable materials for human beings, which makes them become the >appendage> of tool technology system. In the effect of technical rationality, mechanical tools are highly automated, and the division of labor becomes increasingly tiny, leading to the >atomization< of social groups, and human beings become the >atomic parts< of mechanical tools. Human subjectivity is increasingly weakened. For example, sometimes people realize that they are >commodities<, and the goal is to make themselves have >commodity attributes< and >saleability of use value<. At this time, human rationality and personality must be alienated. In terms of will, people always seek to be consistent with the majority. People have no self-respect, and their daily emotions are manifested by fear, anxiety or doubt, and a special desire for approval from others. People have become alienated from themselves and begin to worship the products and material technologies they have created. This paper is based on Fromm’s critique of human condition in capitalist society. First, it reveals the alienation of the human beings’ living environment in the capitalist society. People are full of ruthless competition, people are used as tools, people suffer from the repression of authority, and driven by technical rationality, authority becomes a hidden control force. Human labor is alienated, the fruits of labor no longer belong to laborers, but become the opposite of laborers. Secondly, it discusses Fromm’s criticism of social character, including the alienation of human rationality, the increasingly abstract and quantitative of human, the alienation of democracy and the alienation of human material desire. Third, it explores Fromm’s critique of extreme ethics in capitalist society. He criticizes man’s egoism, man’s alienation, man’s hedonic value tendency, man’s utilitarian morality and man’s extreme worship of faith in the capitalist society. Fromm criticizes the unhealthy phenomenon of the capitalist society, and proposes the road in which people lead to a sound society and realize their freedom and liberation. After getting rid of alienation, human dignity can be returned and people can be liberated in economy, politics and culture. Finally, people will realize the organic unity of constructing a sound society and people’s freedom and liberation. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yehua T1 - Review Fromm’s >Marx’s Concept of Man< [评弗洛姆的《马克思论人》], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012 N2 - 人的问题是马克思一生关注的主题,马克思从自然、社会、实践的三维视角,全面系统的讨论人的问题,从而实现了人的理论的变革。马克思人的思想诞生以后,引起了中西方学者的高度关注,弗洛姆就是其中之一。面对20世纪社会上人的问题的种种困惑,弗洛姆选择了马克思,在《马克思论人》一书中,对马克思有关人的思想进行分析和解读,试图从中找出解决的方法。本文认为,弗洛姆对马克思人的论述在一定程度上丰富了马克思的思想,但也存在着一些误解和曲解。本文对弗洛姆《马克思论人》中的观点进行了具体评析,由以下四个部分组成:第一部分,主要介绍了弗洛姆解读马克思思想所处的社会历史背景及其理论来源。20世纪初,战争的动乱,资本主义社会的经济危机不断爆发,社会中出现了一系列的问题,如人的信仰缺失和社会化生活机械化的倾向是弗洛姆解读马克思理论提供了现实基础;就理论来源来说,主要是弗洛伊德的精神分析理论、马克思的>异化<理论以及历史唯物主义对弗洛姆所产生的影响。第二部分,总结和提炼了马克思有关人的思想,介绍了马克思的人的思想发展历程,归纳了马克思人的本质内涵,并对马克思人的思想的特点做总结。马克思人的思想是逐步发展、逐步深化的,是对前人思想批判和吸收的基础上形成的,黑格尔的>绝对精神<和费尔巴哈的>类本质<都对马克思产生过极大的影响;马克思从自然、实践、社会的三维视角,对人的问题作了一个全面的阐述,自然存在物的人是基础,实践存在是人发展的动力,社会实践是人本质表现;马克思的人的思想具有现实性、多重性、统一性和发展性的特点。第三部分,主要从四个角度介绍弗洛姆《马克思论人》中对马克思人的思想的理解。关于异化理论,弗洛姆认为马克思的异化意味着主体和客体的分离,包括人的劳动过程异化和劳动结果异化两方面,异化问题历来就有,在资本主义到达顶点,并认为马克思没有预见到异化的程度;关于社会主义,弗洛姆认为马克思的社会主义的目标是实现人的解放,是一种先知式的救世主义的土壤,是基督教理想和个人理想的结合;历史唯物主义方面,弗洛姆认为历史唯物主义超越了传统的唯物主义,是人道主义和自然主义的结合,人的历史由劳动创造,是与大自然进行斗争的历史;关于人的本性,弗洛姆认为马克思所说的本性就是《手稿》中的本质,劳动是人本质实现的方式,马克思对资本主义的批判不是针对经济,而是针对人性异化,其所要做的就是实现将人从异化中解放出来。第四部分,主要对弗洛姆的思想进行评析。弗洛姆认识到了人在历史中的地位,社会主义的目标是实现人的解放,并结合精神分析学去分析社会中人的问题,丰富和发展了马克思人的思想;但他忽视了历史唯物主义的基本矛盾,没有看到人的本性和人的本质的区别,片面的夸大了异化的适用范围,脱离了社会现实;弗洛姆的思想为我们解决生活中的过度消费、人心空虚等问题提供了新的视野。 N2 - Marx focused the question of man in all his life. He discussed it on three-dimensional, natural, social, practical, which helped achieve the change of the theory. The birth of Marxist man's thoughts attracted lots of Western scholars' attention; Erich Fromm is one of them. Fromm chose Marx when he faced much confusion about social man in the 20th century. Marx's Concept of Man analysis and interprets man's thoughts of Marx, trying to find out the solution. Author holds that Fromm enriches the ideas of Marx, but there are also some misunderstandings and misinterpretations. - This paper evaluates Fromm's concepts in Marx's Concept of Man, which is made up of following four parts: The first part describes the social and historical background and theoretical sources of Fromm's interpretation of Marx's thinking. In early20th century, the turmoil of war and economic crisis broke out a series of problems, such as lack of faith and social tendencies of the mechanization of life. Fromm interpretation of Marxist theory intends to provide a realistic basis, which is from Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Marx's >alienation< theory and historical materialism.– The second part summarizes and refines the man's thoughts of Marx and his thinking process, then sums up the essence of Marx's definition of man, and concludes the characteristics of Marx's man thinking. Man's thoughts of Marx are gradually developed on the basis of Hegel's >absolute spirit< and Feuerbach's >class nature<. Marx gave a comprehensive understanding about man on three-dimensional perspective, which is consists of natural, practical, and social. Natural existence is the basis of practice, which is the power of the human development and the nature of man. Marx's mind about man has the characteristics of reality, multiplicity, unity and development.– The third part introduces Fromm's understanding of Marx's man thinking in Marx's Concept of Man from four perspectives. On the theory of alienation, Fromm think that Marx's alienation means the separation of subject and object, including the alienation of the labor process and labor product. Alienation has always been existed, but in capitalism it reaches the top. He recognized that Marx did not foresee the extent of alienation. About socialist, Fromm believes that the goal of Marxist socialism is the liberation of man, a prophet-like savior which is a combination of Christian ideals and personal ideals. In historical materialism aspects, Fromm thought that the traditional historical materialism was surpassed by historical materialism, which is a combination of humanitarian and naturalistic. The history of human is created by labor and the struggle with nature. About human nature, Fromm said Marx's interpretation of nature is that in the Manuscript. Labor is the way in which man to achieve, and Marx's critique of capitalism is not for economic but for the alienation of human nature. What they need to do is to achieve liberation from alienation.– The forth part gives a critical analysis of Fromm's thought. Fromm knew the status of people in history, and the goal of socialism is the liberation of man. He still analyzes the social human issues combined with psychoanalysis, which develop man's thoughts of Marx. But he ignored the basic contradiction in historical materialism. He could not see the difference between human nature and human character, and he exaggerated the scope of alienation, which made him separated from the social reality. But Fromm's thinking provides new perspective for us to resolve excessive consumption and people empty. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yibing T1 - Another Marx: A Complete Humanist Explanation-key to the Reading of Fromm's Marx's Concept Concerning the Man [另一个马克思:一种人本主义化的诠释——弗罗姆《马克思关于人的概念》解读] JF - Studies on Marxism [马克思主义研究], No. 5 (2003), pp. 82-88, 90. N2 - 马克思关于人的概念》系弗罗姆早期的最重要的西方马克思主义文本。此书中 ,弗罗姆第一次明确提出马克思主义哲学的本质为人本主义的观点。为了确立这一论点 ,弗罗姆分别指认了马克思主义作为 2 0世纪西方人本主义复兴的社会背景 ,反驳了西方马克思学所制造的>两个马克思<的对立说 ,公开主张只有一个马克思 ,这就是始终作为人本主义哲学家的马克思。本文作者否定了弗罗姆的这一诠释的合法性。 N2 - >Marx's concept of man< from Erich Fromm is the most important early texts of Western Marxism. This book, Fromm first Marxist philosophy clearly the nature of human humanistic point of view. In order to establish this argument, Fromm Marxism were identified as 20-century revival of Western humanism social background, refuted Western Marxism manufactured >Two of Marx<, the opposition said, openly advocated only a Marxist, this is always used as the humanistic philosopher Marx. The author denied this interpretation of the legality of Fromm. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yibing T1 - Is Man the Core Conception in Marx's Philosophy? – Research on Fromm's >Marx Conception< [人是马克思哲学中的核心概念?——弗罗姆《马克思关于人的概念》解读] JF - The Journal of Humanities [人文杂志], No. 4 (2003), pp. 7-11. N2 - 在 2 0世纪 60年代 ,弗罗姆最早明确指认马克思哲学的核心概念是人。他以青年马克思的《1 844年经济学哲学手稿》为理论依据 ,将历史唯物主义重新诠释为人本主义。本文集中讨论了他对马克思哲学中人性、人的本质的理论定位 ,并对其基本理论意向提出了批评性评论。 N2 - In the 1960s, Fromm the earliest explicitly refers to the core concept is to recognize the Marxist philosophy of the people. The young Marx's >Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844< as the theoretical basis of historical materialism, a new interpretation of human humanism. This article focuses on discussed the positioning of his theory of the Marxist philosophy of human nature, human nature, and the intention of the basic theory of critical comment. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Ying T1 - Fromm’s Theory of Freedom and Its Implications [浅析弗洛姆的自由理论及其启示] JF - Journal of Hubei University of Economics (Humanities and Social Sciences) 湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版), No. 7 (2014), 15-16, 26. N2 - 自由是人的本质,追求自由是个体成长发育的内在需求,人的历史就是一部不断追求个人自由的历史。然而,通过对现代资本主义社会的考察,弗洛姆认为,我们在现代历史进程中曾获得的那种自由并非真正的自由,它让现代人陷于孤独和无能为力的境地。本文从弗洛姆对自由的理解出发,探讨了现代人既渴望自由又逃避自由的根源以及解决这种精神困境的出路,[…] N2 - Is the essence of human freedom, the pursuit of freedom is an inherent demand for individual growth and development, human history is a history of constant pursuit of personal freedom. However, through the study of modern capitalist society, Fromm believes that the kind of freedom in the modern historical process we have obtained is not true freedom, which help people trapped in loneliness and impotence. This article Fromm understanding of freedom, discusses the modern desire for freedom and escape both the root causes of freedom and the way out to solve this spirit, which is in the social transition period for Chinese people also have significant implications. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yingjun T1 - Spiritual Alienation in >Winesburg, Ohio< [《小镇畸人》中的精神异化], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 舍伍德•安德森的《小镇畸人》以充满感情的笔触描述了十九世纪后期美国中西部小镇的生活风貌。小镇上的居民饱受清教道德规范和资本主义价值观的双重压迫,他们疏于交际,思想和行为十分古怪,他们与自身和小镇上其他居民的关系发生了异化。安德森通过描写这些怪人的外貌和拙于交际来表现他们精神上的异化,在那个日益冷漠的社会里,个人的内心充满矛盾。在《小镇畸人》中,困扰个人的一个核心问题就是他们的本能冲动与他们的价值观念之间的冲突。他们内心希望采取行动克服异化,但他们的能力和欲望都受到了压制。本文采用存在主义哲学家萨特、弗洛姆和塞曼的观点解析《小镇畸人》中的异化现象。萨特强调人的主观意识在人的异化过程中的作用。他认为,人的痛苦源自他意识到自己在受折磨。他还指出,人害怕面对>他者<。人在面对>他者<时会感到自己是异类,无法找到归属感和安全感。萨特还指出人会被迫接受错误的价值观念,导致自身异化,他把这种行为定义为>不诚<(bad faith)。本文试图应用萨特的异化理论分析《小镇畸人》中人物异化的根源。埃里希•弗罗姆在分析人的异化原因时,强调缺乏归属感是导致人异化的重要因素。他认为人需要归属感,渴望被他人接受,被他人需要,为了找到这种归属感,人不得不背弃本我,遵从被社会普遍接受的价值观念和道德规范,而这种屈从最终导致了人的异化。梅尔文•塞曼借鉴了马克思和埃米尔•迪尔凯姆的异化理论,提出异化的>五维度<:权力缺乏、意义丧失、规范缺失、社会隔离、自我疏远。异化的这五个方面在《小镇畸人》中均有所体现,本文也要借鉴塞曼的观点来分析《小镇畸人》中人物的异化。本文结合存在主义哲学家的异化理论和安德森对当时文化的理解,探究导致小镇居民异化的根源。造成小镇居民异化的罪魁祸首是工业化和清教主义。受资本主义金钱至上价值观的影响,小镇居民盲目追求物质财富,人与人之间的关系变得冷漠,爱的丧失是导致他们异化的根本原因。在高度发达的机器工业面前,小镇居民感觉自己微不足道,无力掌握自己的命运,对自身价值的否认和无能感也导致了他们的异化。在多重价值观的冲击下,小镇居民信仰的动摇以及面对他者时的困惑与恐惧也是导致他们异化的主要因素。他们拙于辞令,生性懦弱,不敢把自己的想法告诉他人,这也阻碍了他们之间的相互理解。他们无法在自己的本能欲望与信仰之间找到平衡,在新时代中找不到生命的意义,从而产生失落感,这些都是导致他们异化的重要因素 N2 - Sherwood Anderson’s >Winesburg, Ohio< is a vivid and realistic account of a late nineteenth century Midwestern small town, where the tyranny of Puritan morality is amalgamated with the brutality of industrial capitalism. Anderson’s characters are depicted as socially awkward and alienated from themselves and their fellow townspeople. The grotesques, or emotionally-crippled souls, are depicted by means of their appearance and their inability to communicate. The plight of the individual in an increasingly indifferent world is Anderson’s thematic concern. In Winesburg, Ohio, the central issue confronting the individual is the conflict between his/her instinctive desires and his/her values. The characters strive to struggle against their alienation, yet they suffer from the repression of their instincts and their potential for resolving the conflicts. - This thesis intends to make an analysis of alienation in Winesburg, Ohio mainly from the point of view of such existentialists as Jean-Paul Sartre, Erich Fromm, and Melvin Seeman. Sartre highlights the function of consciousness in man’s alienation. According to Sartre, man suffers from anguish because he is conscious of his suffering. He also points out that man is afraid of facing the Other, In face of the Other, man may feel himself an alien and cannot find the sense of belonging and security. Sartre also points out that man alienates himself through bad faith. He has to adopt wrong values he disapproves of, which leads to his alienation. Sartre’s views on alienation are applied in this thesis to illustrate the causes of alienation in Winesburg, Ohio.– Erich Fromm stresses the importance of the individual’s lack of sense of community and his conformity to social mores in causing his alienation. He argues that man needs a sense of belonging, for he aspires to be accepted and needed by others. To seek this sense of belonging, man has to betray himself and conform to social norms. And this conformity eventually leads to man’s alienation. He clearly states that one’s behavior is conditioned by forces that are beyond an individual’s control. The subsequent feeling of incompetence and powerlessness results in man’s alienation. He also points out that man’s repression of their natural desires and lack of inhibition of desires lead to the destruction of the self.– Melvin Seeman, based on the insights of Marx and Emile Durkheim, constructs what is often considered a model of alienation, which consists of five aspects: powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, social isolation and self-estrangement. All these five aspects are embodied in Winesburg, Ohio. His views are also adopted in the analysis of the alienated townsmen in Winesburg, Ohio. - The thesis combines an analysis of existentialist alienation with Anderson’s own understanding of the factors contributing to the alienation of the townspeople. Industrialization and Puritanism which give rise to the alienation of the townspeople will be analyzed at length. Materialism propels the townsmen to seek material success, which causes people’s mutual indifference. The loss of love is the leading factor resulting in their alienation. Industrialism makes the townsmen feel insignificant and incompetent. The negation of their own worth and the sense of powerlessness result in their alienation. Affected by the multiple values in the new era, the townsmen begin to doubt their previous faith. Their wavering faith and confusion in face of >the Other< are also the main factors leading to their alienation. Their inarticulateness and cowardice in sharing their own ideas curb their mutual understanding. Man’s powerlessness to balance their natural desires with their beliefs is another factor resulting in their alienation. Their failure to find the meaning of life and their sense of loss in the new era also contributes to their alienation. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yingli T1 - Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< Theory and Its Implications [弗洛姆的逃避自由理论及其启示], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2008. N2 - In this paper, Freud and Marxist thinker Erich Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< theory of a systematic research, in-depth analysis and interpretation of the freedom of Fromm to escape the theoretical basis for the theory, theory and its connotation of the theory of inspiration and the very least, trying to demonstrate The theory of contemporary significance and value. This article is divided into three parts discussed.– The first part, Fromm expounded the theory of avoiding free and its theoretical background sources. Including Fromm’s growth of the environment and personal growth experience, Fromm got his thinking over the backdrop of the reality-based. At the same time, Fromm will be Freud’s psychoanalysis and Marxist theory on the people of the combination of theory, a comprehensive analysis of the formation of character to avoid free in the modern society.– The second part, Fromm introduced the main contents of the theory of escape from freedom. First of all, explained the meaning of freedom, Fromm to the free zone is divided into positive and negative freedom of freedom, an analysis of capitalist society in the double meaning of freedom, on the one hand, with the development of science and technology, it is gradually emerging from the natural world Control access to a wide range of free, with autonomy, independent thinking and action of their own power. On the other hand, was based on the premise that freedom of self-sacrifice of a sense of belonging and a sense of security at the cost, then people will not feel lonely without power and the sense of insecurity, resulting in the escape of mental freedom. Secondly, an analysis of modern people in the process of freedom to avoid the formation of three types of unhealthy personality characteristics: totalitarianism, the convergence of mechanical and destructive. Exposed the alienation of the capitalist mode of production will certainly have the freedom of alienation, which in essence is the alienation of the people, it is the inevitable result of the loss of one of the main and creativity, loss of self. Once again to explain this is the psychological alienation of Nazism in Germany in the rapid rise of people’s social and psychological basis. Finally, on the train, only the sound of modern personality in order to form a positive freedom, love resolution to the paradox of modern freedom, for achieving a healthy society is extremely important theoretical value.– The third part talk about the theory of escape from freedom revelation of China’s building of a harmonious society. In the development of modern civilization, people have the freedom but the lack of a sense of security. Modern life is the attitude of indifference, on the surface. To others is a rational attitude, no feelings. With the human individual and to strengthen the independence, with the attendant sense of loneliness and anxiety are also stepping up. With the constant development of socio-economic, social and a lot of factors of disharmony, faced with a lot of people, such as employment, unemployment, the pressure to survive, the gap between rich and poor is too large, seriously affecting people’s mental balance. Relationships of discord, disharmony is the major psychological problems of the crisis. Fromm therefore advocated by the requirements of creative people with heart and love to integration in the world, the realization of integration between people, so that their natural, others live in harmony, forming a virtuous interaction between people deal with the Harmony is China’s adherence to a people-oriented, to achieve a sound character, self-cultivation, straightforward frank, heart health, so as to achieve harmony in their own theoretical basis. However, Fromm put forward by the community to improve the methods has its practical side. Fromm thought that the result of the development of people because of their own choice, neglected to the decisive role of several social factors in the human’s development. He merely abstract from the humanitarian point of view, critical of the alienation of capitalism itself, and not to criticize the capitalist social system, there is a clear tendency of idealism and subjective. N2 - 本文对弗洛伊德主义马克思主义思想家弗洛姆的>逃避自由<理论进行了系统研究,深入分析和阐释了弗洛姆逃避自由理论的理论基础、理论内涵及其理论启示与限度,力图彰显这一理论的当代意义和价值。本文共分三个部分进行了论述第一部分,阐述了弗洛姆逃避自由理论产生的时代背景及其理论来源。包括弗洛姆所生长的家庭环境及个人成长经历、弗洛姆所生活的时代背景对其思想产生的现实基础。同时弗洛姆将弗洛伊德的精神分析学说与马克思关于人的学说结合起来,综合分析了现代人逃避自由的社会性格形成的原因。第二部分:主要介绍了弗洛姆逃避自由理论的主要内容。首先,阐述了自由的含义,弗洛姆把人的自由区分为消极的自由和积极的自由,分析了资本主义社会中自由的双重含义,一方面随着科学技术的发展,人们逐渐摆脱了自然界的控制,获得了广泛的自由,有了自主性、独立思考、自主行动的权力。另一方面,获得这种自由的前提是以牺牲自我的安全感和归属感为代价,这时人们又会感到孤独、无权力和不安全感,从而产生了逃避自由的心理。其次,分析了现代人在逃避自由的过程中形成的三种不健康的性格特征:极权主义、破坏性和机械趋同。揭露了资本主义生产方式的异化必然产生异化的自由,这实质上就是人的异化,它的必然结果是使人丧失了主体性和创造性,失去了自我。再次,阐述了这种异化的心理正是纳粹主义在德国民众中迅速崛起的社会心理基础。最后论述了只有培养健全的人格才能形成现代人积极的自由,用爱来消解现代人自由的悖论,对实现健全的社会具有极其重大的理论价值。第三部分,论述了弗洛姆逃避自由理论对我国构建和谐社会的启示作用。在现代文明得以发展的今天,人们有自由却缺乏安全感,现代人对生活的态度是冷漠的、表面的、机械的。对他人的态度是理性的、没有任何感情的。随着人的个体化和独立性的增强,随之而来的孤独感和焦虑感也不断加强。随着社会经济的不断发展,社会出现很多的不和谐因素,现代人面临着诸多的如就业、失业等生存压力,贫富差距过大,严重影响人们的心理平衡。人际关系的不和谐、不融洽是人们心理问题的主要危机。因此弗洛姆所提倡的要求人们用创造性的爱去融合内心和世界,实现人与人之间的融合,让自己与自然、他人和谐相处,形成良性的互动关系,处理好人与人之间的和谐正是我国目前所坚持的以人为本,实现健全人格、修身养性、坦直率真、心灵健康,从而达到自身和谐的理论基础。但是弗洛姆提出的社会改良的方法,有它不切实际的一面。弗洛姆把人的发展和命运看作是自己选择的结果,而忽视了社会经济和环境对人的发展的决定作用,从而夸大了人的心理作用。他仅仅从抽象的人道主义出发,批判资本主义异化的本身,而没有批判资本主义社会制度,有明显的唯心和主观臆断倾向。 Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yingyin T1 - Respect Others, Start from Yourself [尊重别人,从自己做起] JF - Middle School Student's Corner (Version B) [中学生天地(B版)], No. 6 (2017), pp. 30-31. N2 - 姚远同学:你好!你在来信中探讨了>尊重<这个严肃而又重要的话题。你的问题提得好,提得 尖锐。我觉得你是一个会思考的学生,同时,也为你的正直感动。心理学大师弗洛姆曾经这样说:>尊重生命、尊重他人、也尊重自己,是生命进程中的伴随物,也是心理健康的条件。<可以说,人因尊 ... N2 - Yao Yuan: Hello! In your letter, you have discussed the serious and important topic of >respect<. Your question is good and You have raised good and sharp questions. I think you are a thinking student, and I am also touched by your integrity. The psychologist Fromm once said, >Respect for life, for others, and for oneself is a concomitant of the process of life and a condition of mental health.< It can be said that people are respected by ... [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 4/2023] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yingying A1 - Gao, Lixin T1 - Seeking >Positive Freedom< from Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< — The Phenomenon of College Students’ Mobile Phone Dependence as an Example [从弗洛姆的“逃避自由”中寻找“积极自由”—以大学生手机依赖现象为例] JF - Journal of Yangling Vocational & Technical College [杨凌职业技术学院学报], No. 4 (2019), pp. 29-32. N2 - 随着互联网的飞速发展和社会信息的快速更新,智能手机持续的更新换代和广泛的普及使用使得当代大学生成为了其学习和生活的最佳受益者,但也随之出现了一种令人欲罢不能的手机依赖现象,对于这一现象的分析和解决可以借鉴埃里希•弗洛姆的>逃避自由<理论,深度剖析大学生手机依赖现象的原因,从而寻找到有效的解决策略。 N2 - With the rapid development of the Internet and the update of social information, the continuous upgrading and widespread use of smart phones have made contemporary college students the best beneficiaries in their study and life, but there has also been an unstoppable phenomenon of mobile phone dependence. With the help of Fromm’s theory of >Escape from Freedom< we made in-depth analysis of the reasons of this phenomenon and found an effective strategy. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yisu T1 - On Fromm's Happiness View and Its Realistic Significance [谈弗洛姆的幸福观及其现实意义] JF - Journal of Tasting the Classics [品位经典], No. 12, 2020, pp. 60-61, 118. N2 - 艾里希·弗洛姆是美国著名社会学家和心理学家,他结合时代背景及社会环境对现代人的幸福观及不幸福的原因进行了分析并提出独特的幸福观。弗洛姆认为想要实现幸福人们需要构建一个和谐社会,重视精神世界,爱己及人。其思想有利于促进人们树立积极的幸福观和构建和谐社会,对当今我国社会的发展有着重要的启示意义。 N2 - Erich Fromm, a famous American sociologist and psychologist, analysed the modern concept of happiness and the causes of unhappiness in the context of the times and the social environment, and proposed a unique concept of happiness. Fromm believed that in order to achieve happiness people need to build a harmonious society, value the spiritual world and love themselves and others. His ideas are conducive to promoting a positive view of happiness and building a harmonious society, and have important implications for the development of our society today. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yiwei T1 - On Fromm's Inheritance and Development of Marx's Theory of >Differentiated Labor< [论弗洛姆对马克思“异化劳动”理论的继承与发展] JF - Modern Business Trade Industry [现代商贸工业], No. 17 (2019), pp. 132-134. N2 - 马克思通过对自由资本主义时期劳动关系的研究,提出异化劳动这一崭新概念,并通过这一视阈把握人的自我异化与阶级之间以及私有财产的关系。生活在资本主义垄断时期的弗洛姆则在继承马克思理论的基础上,从心理异化、全面异化等视角进行探究。在研究方法和异化理论方面都进行了发展,提出现代资本主义社会中存在的异化在本质是人的自我异化,探寻使社会克服异化走向健全的有效路径,至今仍具有启示意义。 N2 - Through the study of labor relations in the period of liberal capitalism, Marx proposed a new concept of alienated labor, and through this perspective, grasped the relationship between human self-alienation and class and private property. From the inheritance of Marx's theory, Fromm, who lived in the capitalist monopoly period, explored from the perspectives of psychological alienation and total alienation. Both the research methods and the theory of alienation have been developed. It is proposed that the alienation in modern capitalist society is the alienation of human beings, and the effective path to overcome the alienation and perfection of society is still enlightening. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yiwen T1 - Aesthetic Analysis of the Dramatic Opera's >Vulgar< 连续剧>嗜俗<观剧行为的美学分析, Master thesis, Aesthetics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2016 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 当今网络媒介迅速发展,依托无线网络和随身媒介的高覆盖率,以及视频网站和社交网站联合,为受众提供观看连续剧和网络评论连续剧相同步的新观剧模式。在全新的观剧模式下,一些质量低劣的连续剧也可能会依靠网络>话题<讨论量,而获得较高的电视收视率和网络点击量。在网络中讨论量高的连续剧,会以娱乐新闻的形式迅速在社会上扩散,从而吸引更多人观剧和批评,形成十分火爆的观剧与议论话题热潮。话题大多源自于连续剧中低下品味的媚俗画风与恶俗内容,参与者边嘲讽边津津乐道。史蒂芬•贝利在《审丑:万物美学》中用>嗜<来形容人对媚俗产品的狂热追求,本文研究对象就是这些>嗜俗<观剧大众——以批评连续剧>恶俗<内容为观剧主要目的,在网络中与他人组成嗜俗群体对连续剧进行批判,或作为参与者支持他人批评,且沉迷其中。嗜俗观剧行为为嗜俗受众提供直接简单的感官快感,用来打发无聊时间,发泄生活压力,改善心理焦虑等,有其存在的>理由<。但是,嗜俗观剧行为带来更多消极影响。本文通过界定嗜俗观剧行为及分析其行为特征,解读嗜俗观剧行为得以存在的心理原因和媒介原因,提出对嗜俗观剧行为的批判和反思。绪论首先阐释>嗜俗<一词的由来,概述嗜俗观剧现象,分析前人研究成果。在以往研究中缺少对>嗜俗<观剧行为的理论研究,忽视了媒介在>嗜俗<观剧行为中的重要作用。第一章,解读嗜俗观剧行为。分析产生嗜俗观剧现象的两个表现状态:连续剧自身问题和当今嗜俗风气的具体影响。从>俗<对象、>嗜<心理以及>嗜<行为等方面多层次界定>嗜俗<观剧行为。得出,嗜俗观剧行为是受众群体依附权威对连续剧恶俗内容的放纵。此外,本章还分析嗜俗观剧行为三个特征:群体狂欢、媒介是观剧行为的组成部分以及碎片化的嗜俗观剧行为。第二章,根据弗洛姆和古斯塔夫•勒庞的理论,分析嗜俗受众在观剧和批评过程中的>受虐<和>施虐<心理。受众嗜俗行为存在深层心理原因,现实生存现状让人感到矛盾和孤独,弗洛姆认为,人为了逃避这种孤独感会出现>受虐<>施虐<心理,嗜俗观剧行为就是嗜俗受众满足施虐与受虐心理的途径。同时,嗜俗受众在网络中以群体形式出现,根据古斯塔夫•勒庞的理论,群体在嗜俗狂欢中为受虐心理提供掩护,而且嗜俗受众在群体中能够得到安全感和群体激情。值得注意的是,施虐受虐心理以放弃自身理性为代价且受众几乎毫无察觉。第三章,从随身网络场景、随身网络媒介和媒介分析随身网络媒介对嗜俗观剧行为的影响。这三个方面是媒介的有机构成部分,本章中为更加明晰得分析,将其分别各有侧重得解读。随身网络场景为嗜俗观剧行为提供随时随地观剧评剧的便利技术,将嗜俗受众传达个人感受的方式>微<化。随身网络媒介将网络评论趣味化,其次,嗜俗行为成为受众闲暇时光的娱乐陪伴以及网络交流转变成依附权威中媒介霸权操控。在媒介职能中侧重分析,在嗜俗观剧行为中,媒介通过多样化的传播手段,将嗜俗观剧行为娱乐化自然化,让受众认可嗜俗观剧行为的存在。同时,媒介资本通过传播手段,将媒介融入嗜俗观剧行为中。借此,就形成媒介与嗜俗受众共同利益的情景,而这正是媒介霸权。第四章,批判嗜俗观剧行为对受众的存在和理性思维带来的消极意义,反思受众嗜俗观剧行为存在的必然性和改善的可能性。 N2 - Today, the inferior quality of series not only has high ratings, in the network also obtain high heat to discuss. In the audience, there is more critical audience. In this paper, the research object->addicted to vulgar< audiences, for the purpose of criticism series vulgar content for entertainment. In this paper, referred to >addicted to vulgar< opera way. There are four chapters in this article, from opera behavior analysis, audience psychological analysis, portable media analysis on >addicted to vulgar< audience’s behavior analysis, finally put forward criticism and reflection. – The introduction of the overview >addicted to vulgar< opera behavior, analysis of predecessors’ research results. Previous research in the lack of >addicted to vulgar< the study of the theory of the opera behavior, ignore the important role of medium.– The first chapter, analysis of >addicted to vulgar< behavior. Addicted to >addicted to vulgar< opera phenomenon by analyzing the two cases: Series itself quality problems, and affected by the current addicted to vulgar. From >vulgar< object, >addicted< psychological, and the >addicted< behavior it is to define >addicted to vulgar< opera behavior. Audience is attached to the authorities, and the vulgar contents of the series on public display. At the same time, summarizes common opera lovers’ behavior pseudo the audience as the center and addicted to vulgar behavior characteristic of fragmentation. Induce >addicted to vulgar< opera behavior characteristics: The audience is the pseudo center and behavior fragmentation. – The second chapter, according to Erich Fromm’s theory and Gustave Le Bon analysis >addicted to vulgar<. Audience in opera and criticism in the process of sadism and masochism psychological. Audience’s >addicted to vulgar< behavior has deep psychological reasons. Survival status makes people feel contradiction and lonely. People in order to avoid this kind of loneliness can appear >Sadism and masochism< psychological. Addicted to vulgar opera behavior is addicted to audience meet sadism and masochism psychological way. At the same time, in the network, >addicted to vulgar< audience take the form of group. Groups in the addicted to vulgar revelry to provide cover for battered psychology, and addicted to vulgar audience can get a sense of security and group enthusiasm in the group. It is worth noting that sado-masochistic psychology to give up their own rational expense and audience almost no notice.– The third chapter, from portable network scenario, network media and media capital analysis with the influence of network media on addicted to vulgar behavior. These three aspects is the organic part of media, this chapter for more clear analysis, respectively, each have emphasize particularly on its interpretation. These three aspects is the organic part of media, this chapter for more clear analysis, respectively, each have emphasize particularly on its interpretation.– The fourth chapter, addicted to common opera behavior bring negative meaning to the audience, audience’s reflection common opera behavior exist the possibility of inevitability and improve. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yongxin T1 - The Freedom Dilemma of Contemporary College Students in View of Fromm’s Freedom Thinking [基于弗洛姆自由观的当代大学生自由困境解读] JF - Journal of Hunan Mass Media Vocational Technical College, No. 5 (2015), pp. 75-77. N2 - 弗洛姆的《逃避自由》从心理机制角度提出人的积极自由和消极自由。当代大部分大学生选择了逃避自由,过度沉迷于影像、网络和社团,偏激地否认社会现状。对此,高校德育工作者应以大学生思想行为为着力点,采取积极有效措施,引导大学生追求积极自由。 N2 - Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< raised people's positive freedom and negative freedom from the psychological point of view mechanism. Most students choose the contemporary social status >Escape from Freedom<, over indulging in video, networking and community, extreme denied. In this regard, the university moral education worker should be the focal point for the thinking and behavior of college students take positive and effective measures to actively guide students to pursue freedom. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Youkui T1 - Refusing to >Abstract Matter<: Theoretical Approach of Western Marxism JF - Journal of Nantong University (Social Sciences Edition), No. 2 (2007), pp. 28-32. N2 - Some successors of Marxists once insist that the >substanceabstract matter< of old materialism. Western Marxists who are the affirmative or negative of >substance< commonly demand re-understanding Marx’s texts because they think that the judgment doesn’t embody the real Marxist philosophical revolution. With the refusing to >abstract matter<, Lukács, Fromm, Schmidt and Gramsci etc.do their most to emphasize ontological significance of historical practice and the nullity of two-pattern of materialism and idealism to understanding Marxist philosophy. Though Western Marxism excessively emphasis on practice, their theoretical approach has important theoretical significance to the research of contemporary Chinese Marxist philosophy. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 6/2023] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yu T1 - Analysis of >The History of Love< Using the Alienation Theory of Fromm's [弗洛姆异化理论下解析《爱的历史》] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Hubei University of Economics (Humanities and Social Sciences) [湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版)], No. 9 (2020), pp. 94-96. N2 - 著名哲学家和心理学家弗洛姆认为现代社会是异化的社会,社会关系也随之异化。在这样的社会中,想要实现人与人之间的融合,关键在于爱。妮可·克劳斯的小说《爱的历史》所讲述的是在异化了的社会中生活的人们是如何努力寻求生命的价值和健全的生活方式的。从弗洛姆的异化理论出发分析小说中人与社会的异化、夫妻间的异化以及个人自身的异化,可以找出小说中的人物是如何试图通过爱的方式走向正常生活的。 N2 - The famous philosopher and psychologist Fromm believed that modern society is an alienated society and that social relations are alienated with it. In such a society, the key to human integration is love. Nicole Krauss's novel >The History of Love< is about how people living in an alienated society struggle to find value in life and a healthy way of living. By analyzing the alienation of people and society, the alienation of couples and the alienation of individuals in the novel in the light of Fromm's theory of alienation, it is possible to identify how the characters in the novel try to move towards a normal life by means of love. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yuan T1 - Study on Marx’s Leisure Thought and Its Contemporary Enlightenment from the Perspective of Human Development, Master thesis, Philosophy, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2021. N2 - As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, people’s leisure needs are growing, and the problem of leisure and human development has become increasingly prominent. On the basis of criticizing the antagonism of capitalist leisure, Marx put forward the communist ideal which takes human’s overall and free development as the basic principle, which has important enlightenment to reflect on contemporary leisure. Understanding leisure, learning leisure, as well as practicing leisure are the only ways to realize the all-round development of people and a better life for people. The former leisure thought can deepen our understanding of Marx’s leisure thought, and can be used as a tool to reflect on the leisure problem. Hegel’s philosophy of master and slave initially revealed the antagonism of leisure and its way out, and Feuerbach’s criticism of alienation provided a model for reflection on leisure alienation. He regarded god as the highest leisure person and love as the essence of human, which meant that the way to overcome leisure alienation lies in the integration of leisure and human development. French utopianism socialism proposed the combination of leisure and work. Veblen criticized the conspicuous consumption of the leisure class. Fromm criticized the emphasis on possession over survival. These theories revealed that leisure and human development can be unified. The leisure discussed by Marx is divided into three levels, including the leisure of rest and relaxation, the leisure of consumption and entertainment and the leisure of human development. Marx’s leisure thought is deeply embedded in consumption theory, free time theory and labor theory. Specifically, human development is the fundamental purpose of leisure, which is the path to human development; Consumption is an important carrier of leisure, and real leisure consumption can promote human development; Free time is the essence of leisure and expands the space for human development; Labor is the foundation of leisure, labor and leisure unity can expand leisure space, make leisure more realistic; The four aspects are interrelated and all reflect the practical logic of communism which takes human development as the center. Marx’s leisure thought has important enlightenment for understanding contemporary leisure theory, leisure status, leisure problems and countermeasures: to build a new leisure value system, to coordinate the relationship between human and nature, society and self; to build a new connotation of leisure consumption and overcome consumer materialization, pay attention to humanistic meaning; to build a new connotations of free time, and realize the comprehensive and free development of human being; to build a new type of labor-leisure relationship, achieve the unity of the two, and to realize the highest human value. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yue T1 - Values on Erich Fromm’s Theory of Alienation [埃里希•弗洛姆的异化价值观], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, CPC Zhejiang Provincial Party School, Hangzhou, Zheijiang, China 2014. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆在充分吸收和借鉴马克思异化理论和卢卡奇的异化理论的基础上,从心理学的视角出发来开创了自己的异化理论,用来解读资本主义社会制度下人的各种境遇。埃里希•弗洛姆通过对资本主义现象的深刻剖析和激烈的批判,犀利的指出资本主义繁华和虚荣的背后是赤裸裸的精神贫瘠和心内的孤独,为了摆脱这种状况,人们出现了逃避自由的心理机制,所以弗洛姆倡导建立健全的社会,只有健全的社会才会有健全的人格,才是符合人性追求自由和发展的本性。他的观点开拓了异化的研究范畴,丰富了马克思和卢卡奇所提出的异化思想。本篇文章在搜集大量资料的基础上,从弗洛姆的时代背景和生活经历入手,分析提出异化理论的现实依据和理论根据。弗洛姆将异化的内容扩大到生活中的各个领域,并指出资本主义心理、社会性格、消费等方面是典型的异化现象,从主客体两方面来分析这种异化现象产生的原因,并且给出了克服异化的方法,通过>爱的艺术<、发挥主观能动性、轻占有重生存的主体改变,再加上经济、政治、文化方面的双管齐下,来消除所存在的异化给人们带来的扭曲和不利。尽管弗洛姆的异化理论存在着很多的不足,但是给我国建设社会主义核心价值观带来了很多的启发与借鉴。 N2 - Erich Fromm, while fully absorbs and draw lessons from Marx’s alienation theory and the theory on the basis of the alienation of Lukács, starting from the perspective of psychology to start his own theory of alienation, used to interpret the people of diversity under the capitalist social system circumstances. Erich Fromm, through profound analysis and the fierce criticism on the phenomenon of capitalism, sharply pointed out that behind of the capitalist prosperous and vanity is pure spirit and heart of loneliness, in order to get rid of this situation, people appeared to escape the psychological mechanism of freedom, so Fromm’s social advocate to establish and perfect, only a sound society will have a sound personality, is the pursuit of freedom and development of the nature of human nature. His ideas to develop the research category of alienation, enrich the alienation of Marx and Lukács proposed ideas. - This article on the basis of collecting a large number of data, from the era background and life experience of Fromm, is put forward according to the reality of realistic basis and theoretical basis. Fromm expands the content of the alienation into all areas of life, and points out that psychological, social character, consumption of capitalism is a typical phenomenon of alienation, from two aspects of subject and object to analyze the causes of the alienation phenomenon, and gives the ways to overcome the alienation, through >he art of love<, our subjective initiative, changes in the body of the light of heavy survival, coupled with economic, political, and cultural aspects, to eliminate the dissimilation of distortions and disadvantage. Although Fromm’s dissimilation theory there are many shortcomings, bringing to the construction of socialist in our country a lot of inspiration and reference. [Authors translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yue A1 - Jiang, Zhaojie T1 - Review of Fromm's Theory of Alienation [弗洛姆异化理论研究综述] JF - Contemporary Social Science Perspective [当代社科视野], No. 9 (2013), pp. 42-43, 41. N2 - 在西方资本主义社会高速发展的时期,异化问题越来越普遍和深入人心。埃里希•弗洛姆是法兰克福学派的重要代表人物之一,他从心理学的视角来研究异化问题,对丰富异化理论研究范围做出了突出贡献。本文对国内研究弗洛姆异化思想的进程、国外对弗洛姆思想研究的主要方面进行综述。 N2 - Western capitalist society in a period of rapid development, more and more common and popular alienation. Erich Fromm is one of the important representatives of the Frankfurt School, he studied psychology from the perspective of alienation, alienation of the rich range of theoretical studies have made outstanding contributions. This paper studies the domestic alienation Fromm thought process, foreign ideas on the main aspects of the study were reviewed Fromm. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yuexian T1 - Exploring the Ethical Alienation of >The Cement Garden< [《水泥花园》的伦理异化探析] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - China National Exhibition, No. 2 (2023), pp. 16-18. N2 - 麦克尤恩的小说《水泥花园》讲述了在冷漠的现代社会下兄妹四人在失去父母之后,心理逐渐扭曲,伦理逐渐异化的过程。以弗洛姆异化理论为基础,从家庭内部、兄弟姐妹之间和人与社会三个方面探讨其中存在的伦理异化现象,并揭露其背后的隐喻含义。 N2 - McEwan's novel >The Cement Garden< tells the story of four siblings who gradually become psychologically distorted and ethically alienated after losing their parents in the cold modern society. Based on Fromm's alienation theory, the novel explores the ethical alienation within the family, between siblings and between people and society, and exposes the metaphorical meaning behind it. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 5/2023] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yuhong T1 - A Tragedy Caused by Loneliness: An Interpretation of >Hedda Gabler< in Light of Fromm’s Psychoanalytical Theories [孤独酿就的悲剧——易卜生《海达•高布乐》的弗洛姆式阐释] JF - Journal of Jingchu University of Technology [荆楚理工学院学报], No. 4 (2019), pp. 14-17. N2 - 易卜生《海达•高布乐》的女主角海达的人生悲剧表面上看是父权制文化以及其高傲倔强、追求诗性生活的性格造成的,但从弗洛姆心理分析维度探测海达令人费解的行为背后深层次的心理动机,可以发现海达的怪异行为源自内心无法排遣的孤独。得不到缓解的孤独产生了一股不可遏制的破坏力,毁灭他人的同时也导致了海达的自我毁灭。海达的人生悲剧体现了易卜生对个人如何对待个体化孤独问题的思考,对为孤独所困的现代人具有重要的启示意义。 N2 - The tragedy of the life of Ibsen's heroine >Hedda Gabler<, Hedda, is ostensibly caused by patriarchal culture and her arrogant and pursuit of poetic life, but from Fromm's psychology By analyzing the deep psychological motivation behind Hedda's puzzling behavior in the analysis dimension, we can find that Hedda's strange behavior originates from loneliness that cannot be dispatched from the heart. The loneliness that cannot be alleviated has an irresistible destructive power, which destroys others and also causes Hedda's self-destruction. Hedda's life tragedy reflects Ibsen's thinking on how individuals treat individualized loneliness. It has important implications for modern people trapped by loneliness. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yuhong T1 - Redemption of True Love: A psychoanalytical Reading of >Their Eyes Were Watching God< [真爱的救赎 —《他们眼望上苍》的心理分析解读] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Foreign Studies [外文研究], No. 3 (2020), pp. 79-83, 91, 109-110. N2 - 非裔美国女作家佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿的代表作《他们眼望上苍》是一部女性成长小说。美国人本主义心理学家艾里希·弗洛姆认为人的个体化进程是自由与孤独并存的过程,在现实生活中为了摆脱孤独而逃避精神自由屈从于权威而丧失了独立的人格者不在少数。弗洛姆指出真爱是重建与他人的和谐联系,独立与安全感二者兼得的一种有效途径。《他们眼望上苍》中的女主人公珍妮在追求真爱的过程中不断成长,最终通过真爱成为一名人格独立、精神自由、内心宁静的新女性。这一新女性形象体现了赫斯顿对父权制社会中女性成长路径的思考与探索,对现代女性的生存和发展具有重要的启示意义。 N2 - The African American woman writer Zora Neale Hurston’s >Their Eyes Were Watching God< is a novel about female growth. The American humanist psychologist Erich Fromm thinks that an individual’s individualization is characterized by the coexistence of freedom and loneliness and many people lose their independent personality as a result of their submission to authorities and sacrifice of their spiritual freedom to get rid of their loneliness. True love is an effective way to reconstruct a harmonious relationship with others and to maintain simultaneously one’s independence and sense of security. The protagonist Janie in >Their Eyes Were Watching God< is a good example because she grows up in the process of escaping loneliness and develops into a new woman with independent personality, spiritual freedom and peace of mind by means of true love. This new female image reflects Hurston’s exploration and understanding of the ways of female growth in the patriarchal society, which is enlightening for the survival and development of modern women. [Author's translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yujiao T1 - A Comparative Study of >The Summer before the Dark< and >The Edible Woman< from the Perspective of Humanistic Psychoanalysis, Master thesis, World Literature, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2021 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. N2 - This thesis conducts a comparative study between >The Summer before the Dark< by the British writer Doris Lessing and >The Edible Woman< by the Canadian writer Margaret Atwood from the perspective of Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis. >The Summer before the Dark< and >The Edible Woman< share a significant common theme, that is, the dilemma of contemporary women. Alienation is a prevalent phenomenon in modern society and as members of that society, females cannot escape from this problem. >The Summer before the Dark< describes the story of a middle-aged housewife, Kate, who pursues her true self after temporarily escaping from her family, and >The Edible Woman< depicts working class Marian’s process of searching for mental independence and escaping from an alienating spiritual predicament. By examining the view of human nature, alienation and road to sanity proposed Erich Fromm, this thesis thoroughly analyzes and compares the similarities between the two protagonists’ behavior when confronted with alienation, their process of awakening self-awareness and differences in their routes to mental sanity. Through systematic comparison and analysis, it can be concluded that Kate’s maternal love for children and Marian’s erotic love for Peter provide the respective sources of their alienation. Obsession with others gives them a false sense of identity which enables them to cast off their deeply-rooted feelings of separation. In such symbiotic relationships with others, both Kate and Marian lose their self-awareness as an individual being and they cannot realize their spiritual dilemma. Mental independence and self-awareness are the key to getting rid of plight and the way to mental health for them. Through intensive study, the thesis suggests a solution for those trapped in a spiritual dilemma: productive love. Productive love can meet man’s need for union with others and provide a sense of identity with the prerequisite of the development of integrity. It is the final answer to conditions of individual living plight and the only way to achieve personal equilibrium. [English: www.cnki.net, 4/2022] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yuqin T1 - Alienation and Struggle for Salvation in >Darkness Visible<《黑暗昭昭》中的异化与拯救, Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China 2016 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 威廉•戈尔丁(1911-1993)是英国二十世纪具有重要影响力的作家,他的十余部作品获奖甚多,曾于1980年和1983年分别获得英国布克小说奖和诺贝尔文学奖,因此他的作品大受批评界关注。《黑暗昭昭》完成于1979年,是戈尔丁十年休眠期后发表的重要作品,并获得了英国布莱克纪念奖。尽管戈尔丁的作品较多,但国内外学者大多仍将注意力集中在《蝇王》这一部作品上,自身分量几乎与《蝇王》相当,形式却比《蝇王》复杂得多的《黑暗昭昭》得到的关注与研究则要比前者少得多。国内外学者对《黑暗昭昭》的研究也多围绕象征主义、二元对立、写作技巧等展开,集中在人性善恶和宗教主题上,而《黑暗昭昭》中的生存、心理异化状态以及异化救赎努力,目前还没有文章进行系统的解读。《黑暗昭昭》展现了二战之后英国小镇的人们,在罪恶与恐怖的余波之中变得疏离和异化,这种生存和心理体验恰好与弗洛姆的异化理论契合。弗洛姆认为异化是一种病态的心理体验,并将其作为描述当代西方人和社会病态的中心术语。他认为不健康的社会将加剧人的无力感,在爱与信仰的缺失下,人们为了生存屈从外界权力从而放弃自我,在病态人格中沉沦,继而导致自我异化。深陷于异化的人们,也开始试图挣扎着寻找获得拯救的途径。小说中的两大主人公麦蒂与苏菲通过不同的选择,走向了全然不同的归宿。而对于人类异化的拷问,不同的学者给出了不同的解决办法,萨特主张人们面对世界的荒诞和人的异化应该自由选择,并为其承担责任,弗洛姆希望用爱与宽容来消除人性异化,克尔凯郭尔则认为只有通过宗教才能获得最终的拯救。当苏菲带着恶意做着无谓的挣扎并在异化中沉沦时,麦蒂选择通过贴近自然,通过爱与宗教获得救赎,并帮助他人获得拯救。依托弗洛姆的人本主义思想和萨特与克尔凯郭尔的存在主义思想,本文分析了小说中人的异化与拯救。首先阐明的是人与外部世界的异化,这一部分包括人与自然的异化以及社会对人的异化。自然在人类发动的战争与工业文明下受到破坏,同时也对人类进行着报复,人与自然的关系并不和谐;战争不仅对自然造成破坏,同时也给人的生存带来不可磨灭的影响,而大众媒体、工业文明与商品经济的盛行以及学校与监狱等社会机构的冷漠都使人的异化进一步加剧。其次论文分析了人与自我的异化以及人际间的异化。人们在爱与信仰的缺失下,普遍产生一种自我认同的焦虑,并在自身的病态性格中沉沦,走向与自我的异化;亲人、恋人、朋友甚至不同族群之间的关系也深深地打上了异化的烙印,人们的情感中充满着愤怒、冷漠、孤绝与混乱,异化中的人们亟待拯救。论文最后解读两大主人公苏菲与麦蒂为了逃离异化做出的挣扎。苏菲选择不停地作恶以摆脱孤绝之感,却以失败告终,并在异化中沉沦,自食其果;麦蒂选择从自然中汲取力量,通过成熟的爱与宗教启示拯救他人,并使自我得到救赎。麦蒂的拯救意味着现代社会中的人们依然有摆脱异化的希望,因此对文本中异化与拯救的解读也有了现实意义。 N2 - William Golding (1911-1993) is an important British writer of the twentieth century, whose works won him a lot of prizes. He was rewarded the Booker Prize of Britain in 1980 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1983. His works are greatly favored by critics. >Darkness Visible< published in 1979 is Golding’s important novel after his 10-year silence and won The James Tait Black Memorial Prize. Although Golding has many works, most of domestic and foreign scholars still focus on Lord of the Flies. Compared to >Lord of the Flies<, >Darkness Visible< is also important and more complicated in form but receives less attention. Domestic and foreign researches about >Darkness Visible< mostly concentrate on symbolism, binary oppositions, writing skills or theme of good and evil or theology. So far no paper has systematically interpret existential and mental alienation in characters and their struggle for salvation in >Darkness Visible<.– >Darkness Visible< reveals British people’s absurdity and alienation in the crime and terror after World War Ⅱ. Characters’ alienation experience of existence and morbid psychology correspond to Fromm’s theory. Fromm thinks that alienation is a kind of morbid psychological experience and considers it as central category in contemporary social pathology. He believes that individuals’ sense of powerlessness will be aggravated in insane society. Lack of love and faith, man succumbs himself to the outside world and degenerates himself in order to survive, falling into pathological personality, which leads to self-alienation. People who are trapped in alienation have to struggle for salvation. The two protagonists Matty and Sophy get different destinies through different choices. For man’s alienation, different scholars give different solutions. Jean Paul Sartre insists that man in the absurd world and alienation has the freedom to make his own choice and has to be responsible for it. Erich Fromm believes that alienation can be eliminated by love and tolerance; Kierkegaard thinks that leap of faith and religion is the only way to be saved. Sophie makes meaningless and useless struggle in evil and finally sinks deeply into alienation. Matty chooses to achieve recuperation in nature, saving himself and others through love and religion. Based on the Fromm’s humanistic theory and existentialism of Sartre and Kierkegaard, this thesis analyzes people’s alienation and their struggle for salvation.– Firstly, it analyzes the alienation between man and the outside world, which includes estrangement from nature and alienation from society. Nature is damaged by human under the war and industrialization, but revenges on human beings in return. The relationship between man and nature is not harmonious. The war not only causes damage to nature, but also has an indelible impact on the survival of people. The spread of mass media, prevalence of industrial civilization, development of production and consumption along with indifference of social institutions such as schools and prisons exacerbate people’s sense of alienation.– Then it follows analysis of man’s alienation within and interpersonal alienation. Lacking of love and faith, people in general have an anxiety of self-identity, and fall into self-alienation with insane personalities. The relationships between family, friends, lovers and races are also deeply alienated. Filled with anger, apathy, loneliness and confusion, people in alienation need to be saved urgently.– Lastly, the thesis demonstrates the two protagonists Matty and Sophy’s struggle for salvation in the novel. Sophy chooses to perform evil to get rid of the sense of loneliness, but fails to escape from alienation. She has to be responsible for the result. Matty chooses to heal himself in nature, saving others and achieve self-salvation through mature love and religion. Matty’s salvation indicates that people in modern society still have the possibility of escaping from alienation.– As a result, the interpretation of alienation and salvation in this thesis has practical significance. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yuqin T1 - Contemporary >Freedom< Confusion – >Escape from Freedom< Mass Psychology Thoughts of Contemporary Chinese Society [当代人的>自由<困惑——用弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想解析中国当代社会民众心理] JF - Vicissitudes [沧桑], No. 2 (2009), pp. 153-154. N2 - 弗洛姆是西方马克思主义的重要代表人物,学术贡献之一是对人类自由进行了独到的剖析,指出在追求自由的进程中,人类摆脱了封建的束缚,却迎来了新的羁绊,处于困境中的现代人出现了极力逃避自由的反常现象。当前,我国社会民众心理也存在着极力逃避自由的现象,成为我国社会发展必须关注的问题。 N2 - Fromm important representatives of Western Marxism, one of the academic contribution to human freedom a unique analysis, pointed out to rid mankind of the shackles of feudalism in the process of the pursuit of freedom, has ushered in the new fetters, is the plight of modern man tried to escape from freedom anomaly. At present, the psychology of our society people there or tried to escape from freedom, to become China's social development must be of concern. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yuzhuo T1 - [On the Theme of Human Nature in >Pincher Martin< [《品彻·马丁》的人性主题研究], Master thesis, World Literature, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2021 [application of Fromm’s theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available.] William Golding is regarded as an outstanding British poet religious novelist, modern fabulist and humanist of the 20thcentury. His masterpiece, >Lord of the Flies<, enjoys great popularity in the history of the English literature, which was once the bestseller of the campuses in American universities. In 1983, Golding won the throne of the Nobel Prize in literature because of his brilliant writing style as well as his penetrating thinking of humans’ living conditions in his works. >Pincher Martin< is the third novel written by Golding, which was published in 1956. Although the influence of this novel is inferior to that of his renowned masterpiece >Lord of the Flies<, Golding tried to find a new way to compose. He created a man’s spirit after death as the hero of the story, portraying the brutal instinct hidden in the human nature with a unique perspective. As a result, the publication of this work won a huge success. The novel tells a story of a military officer named Christopher Hadley Martin who had encountered a marine peril and drifted to an isolated island on which he struggled against death to survive. Most readers tend to be touched by Martin’s iron man’s spirit when they read this novel for the first time. However, when Golding was portraying Martin’s struggle against death to the utmost extent, he also revealed that Martin was actually a selfish egoist, a real villain in his real life by inserting Martin’s memory in the text at the same time. Martin had even planned to murder his best friend just out of his jealousy. The motivation that made him struggle bitterly on the rock actually came from his human nature which was both fierce and greedy. In the end, the consciousness of Martin turned into a pair of pincers of a lobster. And at the same time, the writer told his readers in the final chapter that the body of Martin had already been killed soon after he was thrown into the sea, and his experience on the rock was nothing but the process of an evil spirit struggling in his own purgatory. This thesis is based on the basic theory of human nature posed by Erich Fromm, the well-known American humanistic philosopher and psychoanalytic psychologist. The purpose of it is to analyze Martin’s nature and behaviors, exploring the novel’s theme of human nature. Apart from the introduction and the conclusion, the thesis is composed of four chapters. The introduction mainly tells some basic information of Golding’s life experiences and his novel >Pincher Martin<. On the basis, it summaries the literature review of Pincher Martin both at home and abroad. It also shows the innovations of the thesis, and presents the main argument and the structure of the thesis.– Chapter one is the theoretical foundation of the thesis, which sets forth part of Fromm’s theory of human nature. It mainly explains the intension and the extension of human nature, the escape from the evil human nature and the redemption of human nature.– Chapter two analyzes the evil human nature of Martin. This part not only points out that Martin has a complex dual personality, but also points out the specific embodiment of Martin’s evil desire in the novel.– Chapter three expounds Martin’s escape from his evil human nature. This chapter points out that the way Martin escapes from his evil human nature is through death, and then makes a detailed analysis of his living in illusion.– Chapter four is about Martin’s redemption of his evil human nature, which points out that human nature can be redeemed by kindness and love.– The conclusion of the thesis points out that Golding relentlessly criticizes the evil essence hidden in human nature through the portrayal of Martin. Through Martin’s experience, Golding illustrates the following lessons: First of all, evil is inherent for people, which can give people infinite potential. Hence, the evil human nature can also make a man brave, fearless, and indomitable. Secondly, through the story of >Pincher Martin<, the writer aimed to tell the truth that human nature is evil and to persuade people to believe in kindness and love. Otherwise, people will be controlled by the evil desire hidden in their hearts. Only kindness and love can redeem people’s evil human nature. In all, through the revelation of Martin’s evil nature and the exploration of ways of redemption, Golding shows his concern for the problem of human nature in modern society. His prose is to arouse readers’ thinking about this social problem. The argument about human nature in >Pincher Martin< provides a new perspective in analyzing Golding’s works. [English translation www.cnki.net, 8/2021] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Zexin T1 - Alienated Love in >Hunger for LoveFang Siqi's First Love Paradise< [《爱的饥渴》和《房思琪的初恋乐园》中异化的爱] [application of Fromm’s theories to art] JF - Masterpieces Review [名作欣赏], No. 30 (2021), 49-51. N2 - 在日本作家三岛由纪夫的《爱的饥渴》和台湾作家林奕含的《房思琪的初恋乐园》中,爱的异化现象尤为突出。在弗洛姆的异化理论和福柯对权力话语论述的参照下,两部小说中形态不同的异化爱的产生和具体表现体现出更深层的根源,而它正是社会权力、真理和话语的合谋。 N2 - The alienation of love is particularly prominent in Japanese writer Yukio Mishima's >The Hunger for Love< and Taiwanese writer Lin Yi-han's >Fang Siqi's Paradise of First Love<. With reference to Fromm's theory of alienation and Foucault's discourse on power, the production and concrete manifestation of alienated love in the two novels in different forms reveal a deeper root, which is the complicity of social power, truth and discourse. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 9/2021] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Ziruo T1 - The Research of Fromm’s Social Critical Thought, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China 2023. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] With the new development of modern capitalism, Fromm, who had experienced two world wars and economic crisis, saw with a sharp eye all the pathological phenomena behind its prosperity. So Erich Fromm combined Freudian psychoanalysis and Marxism to launch a comprehensive critique of modern capitalism. Fromm’s social criticism can be deconstructed into three parts: the basis of criticism is the theory of human nature featuring psychoanalysis; the objects of criticism include various pathological phenomena in the economic, political, cultural and psychological fields; the final point of criticism is to build a sound society and cultivate sound people through comprehensive reform. Fromm’s social critical thought has its rationality and limitations. On the one hand, Fromm inherited and developed the critical spirit of Marx, and insisted on human-centeredness, paying extra attention to the development of people themselves. On the other hand, his critique of modern capitalism is superficial and does not go deep into the fundamental contradictions of capitalism, and his social conception is too ideal and lacks practicality. However, by finding the positive part of Fromm’s social critical thought, it can provide some realistic insights into the solution of the specific problems faced in our social development. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2024] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Chengshuai T1 - Art without Disenchantment – Zhang Jin as a Possibility [不祛魅的艺术——张晋作为一种可能] [application of Fromm's theories of art] JF - Chinese Oil Painting [中国油画], No. 2 (2020), pp. 37-42. N2 - 现代艺术在本质上是一次语言革命,即现代性启蒙以来人的经验能力、认知层次、思维方式以及最终的存在状态都赖于最后的语言所呈现出来的样态。因为现代性开启了真正意义上的>荒诞存在<,从尼采的>上帝已死<所开启的>重新估价一切<到罗兰·巴特的>作者已经死去<直至弗洛姆喊出>人死了<,几乎已经把整个世界降到了呼吸的最低>零度<,所谓>诗到语言为止<即对整个现代性启蒙的>意义<的>萃取<,当然也同时拉紧了文学艺术最无奈的下限。在语言进取的革命线路上,观念、媒 … N2 - Modern art is essentially a linguistic revolution, in the sense that the capacity for experience, the level of cognition, the way of thinking and ultimately the state of being that has existed since the enlightenment of modernity depends on the final form of language. From Nietzsche's >God is dead< to Roland Barthes' >The author is dead< to Fromm's >Man is dead< the world has almost been reduced to the lowest >zero degree< of breathing. It is, of course, at the same time the most helpless lower limit of literary art. In the revolutionary line of linguistic progress, ideas, media … [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Chun-ni T1 - Towarding of Healthy Personality – Fromm’s Humanistic View on Psychoanalytic Therapy [健全人格的追寻 - 弗洛姆人本主义精神分析治疗观述评], Master thesis, Basic Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2004, 46 pp. N2 - Radical socioculture in the 20th century vicissitude deeply influenced the mental lives of people. Many factors aggravated the difficulties of contemporary mind, such as value conflicts, society oscillation, culture transfer, life incidents and so on. Psychological consultation and psychotherapy are gradually acknowledged by society, and form numerous theory schools and treatment methods in its field. Because of not holding in an all-round way to psychotherapy target, instantly numerous psychotherapy has fallen into the common predicament in the result of treatment, the range, and the method. To go out of this predicament, is to establish the merger vision which trends towards people’s psychotherapy, announce to is it is it regard people intact natural instinct as the psychotherapy theory in starting point and key theme of practicing to construct to build image in people.– The study idea of Erich Fromm humanistic psychoanalysis is out of the range that grasp a person simply from anatomy and creature meaning, and It combines the human epistemology of Marxism and reveal the fact from the circumstances human lives that the conflict in human mind is the cause of mental disease. It indicates the hot water in which human lives-dissimilation is the direct cause of mental disease. Based on the analysis of the cause of mental disease, Fromm presents his object at his psychotherapy further-from the pursuit of healthy personality to healthy society, and he represents the specific steps and methods of psychotherapy. Through grasping Erich Fromm on the whole, summarizing his treatment view of humanistic psychoanalysis systemically, the thesis aims at its meaning to merger trend and localization inspiration of psychotherapy today. N2 - 二十世纪急剧的社会文化变迁深深地影响了人们的精神生活,价值冲突、社会变动、文化移入、生活巨变无不加剧了人的心理困难。心理咨询和心理治疗顺应时代要求,迅速蓬勃发展。然而,由于对治疗对象缺乏全面的把握,心理治疗在疗效、范围和方法上均陷入困境。要走出困境,就必须揭示人的完整本性、建构人的完整形象,并以此作为心理治疗理论与实践的出发点。弗洛姆的人本主义精神分析治疗观正是这样一个典型。 弗洛姆人本主义精神分析治疗观的主要思路是:跳出单纯从解剖学和生物学意义上把握人的圈子,结合马克思主义对人的本质的认识,从人的处境出发,揭示出人存在的矛盾是心理疾病的根源;通过对当代资本主义社会现实的分析,指出现代人生存的困境——异化是心理疾病的直接原因;通过对心理疾病成因的分析,弗洛姆进而提出了其心理治疗的目标——从健全人格的追寻到健全社会的追求;最后,弗洛姆阐释了自己心理治疗的具体步骤和方法。 本论文通过对弗洛姆著作的整体把握,系统归纳了弗洛姆的人本主义精神分析治疗观,旨在阐明其对当今心理治疗的整合趋势与本土化研究潮流的启发及意义。 Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Chun-ni A1 - Hu, Kun T1 - Seeking the Perfect Personality – On Fromm’s Humanistic Psychoanalytic Therapy Concept [健全人格的追寻——弗洛姆人本主义精神分析治疗观述评] JF - Science and Technology Information (Academic Research) [科技信息(学术研究)], No. 8 (2006), pp. 352-353. N2 - 弗洛姆的人本主义精神分析治疗观的研究思路是跳出单纯从解剖学和生物意义上把握人的圈子,结合马克思对人的认识论,从人的处境出发,揭示人存在的矛盾是心理疾病的根源,通过对当代资本主义社会现实的分析,指出现代人生存的困境——异化是心理疾病的直接原因;在对心理疾病成因作出分析的基础上,弗洛姆进而提出了他的心理治疗的目标——从健全人格的追寻到健全社会的追求,并提出了具体的心理治疗的步骤和方法。 N2 - Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis treatment concept ideas is out just from the grasp of the human anatomy and biological significance of the circle, combined with Marx's epistemology, from the situation of people, revealing human existence the contradiction is the psychological root of the disease, by the reality of contemporary capitalist society, pointed out that the survival of the modern predicament - alienation is the direct cause of the mental illness. Fromm then put forward on the basis of an analysis of the causes of mental illness his pursuit of the goal – the pursuit of the perfect personality to improve the social and the specific steps and methods of psychotherapy. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Feng T1 - On Fromm's Marxian Theory [试论弗洛姆的《马克思论人》] JF - Yangtze River Series [长江丛刊 ], No. 33 (2017), p. 77. N2 - 弗洛姆在《马克思论人》中重点分析了马克思的异化理论,关于人的本质理论和马克思一以贯之的人本主义脉络,试图通过这一系列的分析展现其人道主义马克思主义思想。本文试图通过梳理分析弗洛姆的人本主义马克思主义思想,批判弗洛姆对马克思主义的误解。 N2 - Fromm's theory of man, Fromm focuses on Marx's theory of alienation. On the theory of man's essence and Marx's consistent humanistic context, Fromm tries to demonstrate his humanitarian Marxism through this series of analyzes thought. This paper tries to analyze Fromm's humanistic Marxism and to criticize Fromm's misunderstanding of Marxism. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Feng T1 - Research on Fromm’s Freedom Thought in the View of Marxism [马克思主义视域下的弗洛姆自由思想研究], Master thesis, Philosophy, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China 2018. N2 - 弗洛姆作为人道主义哲学家, 人的问题贯穿其思想的始终。自由理论作为其理论的核心具有丰富的内涵。区别于传统的自由思想, 弗洛姆认为传统的自由观因为缺乏人的心理分析而不得不使用笼统且抽象的语言来解释自由问题, 难以认识到自由的本质, 因此, 他主张从心理学和哲学两个方面来阐述自由的概念。弗洛姆传承弗洛伊德的精神分析学理论, 把心理学的分析引入到其自由思想当中, 构成了其独具特色的心理学视角的自由思想。弗洛姆心理学的独特视角为自由思想的研究打开了新的窗口, 让人们能在微观层面一窥自由的奥妙。但弗洛姆自由思想本身也存在着抽象人本主义的自由观, 片面夸大自由主体的心理作用, 自由实现路径的空想等不容忽视的问题。马克思的实践自由观正是克服弗洛姆自由局限性的利器。在马克思看来, 自由问题在本质上可以归结为实践的问题, 自由在实践中产生、完善和发展。弗洛姆自由思想局限性产生的原因离不开其对于实践的背离, 没有完全认识到实践的主体是现实的个人, 个人的心理也只是实践中发展的产物等。因此, 本文试图通过马克思的实践自由观对弗洛姆自由思想的局限性进行尝试性的克服, 以马克思实践的现实的主体取代弗洛姆抽象的自由主体, 以共产主义社会取代弗洛姆健全社会的空想。 N2 - Fromm as a humanitarian philosopher, the problem of the person runs through his thoughts. Freedom theory has rich connotations as the core of its theory. Different from the traditional free thinking, Fromm believes that the traditional view of liberty has to use general and abstract language to explain the issue of freedom because of lack of human psychological analysis. It is difficult to recognize the essence of liberty. Therefore, he advocates from the perspective of psychology and Two aspects of philosophy explain the concept of freedom. Fromm inherits Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, introduces the analysis of psychology into his free thought, and constitutes his unique free psychology perspective. The unique perspective of Fromm’s psychology opens a new window for the study of liberal thoughts, allowing people to have a glimpse of the mysteries of freedom at the micro level. However, Fromm’s free thought itself also has the concept of freedom of abstract humanism, one-sided exaggeration of the psychological role of the free subject, and the free-realization of the path of fantasy, which cannot be ignored. Marx’s concept of practical freedom is a weapon that overcomes the limitations of Fromm’s freedom. In Marx’s view, the problem of freedom can be attributed to the problem of practice. Freedom is produced, perfected and developed in practice. The reason for the limitation of Fromm’s thought of freedom is inseparable from its deviation from practice. It is not fully realized that the subject of practice is a real individual, and the individual’s psychology is only the product of development in practice. Therefore, this paper attempts to overcome the limitations of Fromm’s free thought through Marx’s concept of practical freedom, replace the free subject of Fromm’s abstract with the practical subject of Marx’s practice, and replace the Fromm perfection with a communist society. The dream of society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Gang T1 - Destructive in the End How Much Human [人类的破坏性到底有多大] JF - China Tourism News [中国旅游报], Beijing, March 31 (2003). N2 - 一本叫做《人类的破坏性剖析》的书摆在我的面前,作者E•弗洛姆是一位世界著名的心理分析学家和社会哲学家。他出生于德国法兰克福,曾获得海德堡大学哲学博士学位。正因为弗洛姆具有德国人擅长理性思维的特点,因此,当他从政治、经济、社会、历史、心理、哲学、宗教甚至神话 N2 - [Preview] one called > Anatomy of Human Destructivity< book placed in front of me, the author E. Fromm is a world-renowned psychoanalyst and social philosopher. He was born in Frankfurt, Germany, was awarded the Ph.D. from the University of Heidelberg. Because Fromm with German good rational thinking characteristics, therefore, when he returned from the political, economic, social, historical, psychological, philosophical, religious or mythological. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Huawei T1 - Research on the Faith Education of Chinese Contemporary College Students 当代中国大学生信仰教育问题研究, Doctoral dissertation, Ideological and Political Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2016. N2 - 信仰是个永恒的话题,也是个深奥的命题。因为信仰的存在,人与动物才有了最为本质的区别。学界对信仰的研究成果非常多,但对于信仰重要程度的认识仍旧不足,所谓>正本清源<,>本<尚未正,>源<尚未清,对于信仰教育的研究也就凸显出诸多问题。在这种境况下,一味要求当代大学生匡正信仰,将马克思主义信仰内化于心、外化于形的要求就略显牵强。鉴于此,非常有必要对当代大学生信仰教育作一系统研究。通过对国内外学术界在相关问题上的梳理和研究发现,就当代大学生信仰教育而言,研究成果中存在一些不足之处。一是对于信仰元理论的研究力度尚弱;二是对大学生群体,尤其是当前的>90后<大学生信仰状况的调查研究不够;三是研究方法上,实证研究方兴未艾,但尚未出现有深度、有权威的代表性调研成果;四是问题意识不足,解决现有问题的方法捉襟见肘。基于此,非常有必要在学界理论研究存在不足的地方和尚未涉足的地方,通过实证研究方法、比较研究方法、文献研读法、跨学科分析法以及逻辑与历史相结合的方法,结合不同学科的理论分析工具如马克思主义的实践论、全球化理论、滕尼斯的共同体理论、贝塔朗菲的系统论、曼海姆的意识形态理论、弗洛姆的逃避自由理论、席勒的美学思想、费孝通的>差序格局<理论等,对大学生信仰教育进行全面地、系统地分析,力求实现在研究视角、研究内容、研究结论等几个方面的创新。概念是研究和认知的基础,也是研究的出发点。对信仰本质的把握是当代大学生信仰教育研究的逻辑起点。通过对比信仰与理想、信仰与信念、信仰与科学、信仰与宗教等几组相近的概念,可以发现,信仰是一种人类特有的心理与精神现象,是人类对某种人生观、世界观、价值观的信奉和遵循。它支配着其它所有的意识形态,是人的信念中最为稳定、最为持久的部分。从特征上来看,信仰是人的内在需求和满足,体现了人们对人生价值目标永恒的追寻,它是与人类的精神、意志、情感三者相结合的产物,是人不断进步的精神动力和力量之源。在此基础上,笔者认为,信仰教育则是一定的阶级、社会、集团把其所确立和遵奉的信仰通过教育的方式影响受众,将其确立为受教育者信仰的某种精神实践活动。在对信仰及信仰教育本质认识的基础上,窥探当代大学生的信仰状态以及大学生信仰教育的重要意义是研究当代大学生信仰教育的逻辑深入。当代大学生信仰教育的重大意义可以从国家层面、社会层面、学校层面和个人层面来认识。主要体现为,国家层面上,它是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的政治保证;社会层面上,它是促进社会公平正义的现实需要;学校层面上,它是实现立德树人的内在要求;个人层面上,它是保障个人全面发展的必然选择。鉴于大学生信仰教育具有如此重大的现实意义,必须从历史的高度对其进行一番梳理,从大学生信仰教育实践的历史进程中总结经验教训,为我所用,也为当前大学生信仰教育提供学理和实践基础。当代大学生信仰教育从新中国的成立至今,经历了各具特色的四个阶段,即1949年至1956年、1956年至1978年、1978年至今。在这三个历史阶段中,我国大学生信仰教育的实践活动,既取得了巨大的成绩,得到许多成功的经验,也存在一定的不足,形成一些失败的教训。成功的经验昭示我们,科学的理论体系是开展信仰教育的逻辑前提,正确的政治方向是开展信仰教育的根本保障,健全的教育体制是开展信仰教育的关键所在,榜样的示范效应是开展信仰教育的有效途径,形成合力是开展信仰教育的内在诉求,实践导向是开展信仰教育的核心要求。失败的教训启发我们,在当代大学生信仰教育中,必须革新二元导向,倡导多元理念;提倡因材施教,善于因势利导;正视灌输教育,探寻灵活方法;营造良好氛围,重视人才培养;直面网络平台,强化意识形态。只有从历史中借鉴经验,吸取教训,才能够使当前大学生信仰教育取得一定的成效。当前大学生信仰教育是由学生和教师共同发力的实践活动。费孝通先生曾经提出中国人际关系的组成是一种>差序格局<的形态,这一观点为我们研究当前大学生信仰教育中学生与教师的关系提供了有益的启发。在当前大学生信仰教育中,大学生就是抛入水中的石头,是动力源和中心,一切信仰教育必须围绕着大学生而展开。在这个中心的周围,形成了层层推出的波纹圈,离大学生区域最近的圈,即核心区域圈,是高校思想政治理论课教师,他们对大学生信仰教育起到最为重要的作用,是>差序格局<中对人们人际关系影响最大的人群。其次,次级区域圈则是高校辅导员,他们是大学生信仰教育的中坚力量,最外围的区域圈则是辐射圈,即除了思想政治理论课教师和辅导员之外的其余高校教师。虽然这些教师在大学生信仰教育中并未起到最直接的作用,但他们的存在,却会起到潜移默化的作用和风尚引导的作用,所以并非可有可无的存在力量。当代大学生与这三层区域圈并非各自独立,而是受到不同要素的影响,最为重要的是环境和文化氛围。优化环境,创造良好的信仰文化氛围,是当代大学生信仰教育取得成功的基本保障。当代大学生信仰教育教育些什么?这就涉及到当代大学生信仰教育的内容体系。教育的内容体系从来不是漫无目的的,也不会是平行发展的,它必然要围绕某个核心发散出去,从而形成了信仰教育的核心内容、重点内容。同样,信仰教育需要有自己的精神内核,它不能与宗教信仰教育等同。信仰教育还需要有自己的教育目标和最终归宿,即信仰教育的落脚点。本文认为,树立科学的马克思主义信仰观是当代大学生信仰教育深入推进的核心所在,是信仰教育内容的核心;中国特色社会主义共同理想则是当代大学生信仰教育的重点内容;以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神是当代大学生信仰教育的精神内核;最后,培育和践行社会主义核心价值观是当代大学生信仰教育的根本落脚点。建构当代中国大学生信仰教育的内容体系的目的在于,让信仰教育有所依托,遵循一个基本的标准,达成一些共识,也让信仰教育的客体在学习中有针对性,不至于不知所学而无法学习。如何让当代大学生在信仰教育中能够更好地习得信仰教育的上述内容呢?需要从三个方面展开,第一,要拓宽大学生信仰教育的途径,除了传统的教育之外,还要注重通过网络、媒体等平台,同时从中国传统文化中借鉴和吸收优秀因子,打造学校、家庭和社会三位一体的信仰教育模式,从而让科学信仰教育的理论渗透力不断强化。第二,创新大学生信仰教育的方法,通过案例比照、情景设置、心灵触动教育、师生互动咨询、大学生自我教育等方法,引导当代大学生树立科学的信仰观。第三,完善大学生信仰教育的机制,从制度的高度为当代大学生信仰教育提供有力支持和制度保障,实现大学生信仰教育的制度化、科学化,从而达到信仰教育理论与实践的知行合一。作为总结和展望,需要强调指出,当代大学生信仰教育研究中存在两种值得注意的不良倾向:一是大学生信仰选择的多元化、世俗化和庸俗化倾向,二是去马克思主义信仰化倾向。这两种倾向对于当代大学生信仰教育而言,无疑具有极大的负面影响,需要在理论研究和实践中给予足够的重视。作为尝试性的解决之道,可以通过重塑当代大学生马克思主义信仰观、顺应多元化的信仰教育发展规律,建立多层次的信仰教育体系、不断创新信仰教育的方式和内容,以扶正大学生信仰中出现的不良倾向,让马克思主义信仰进入到大学生思想和灵魂的深处,坚定当代大学生的科学信仰观,树立当代大学生对中国特色社会主义的道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信,成为合格的马克思主义继承者和接班人。 N2 - As an eternal and profound topic, faith serves as the basic and essential element to distinguish human beings with other animals. Although the academia has witnessed a fruitful of researches of faith education, the recognition of the importance of faith remains still insufficient. It is a lack of clarification and definition of faith that causes many problems to occur. Such being the case, the requirements for contemporary college students to rectify their faith system to believe in Marxism and implement it are seemingly unpractical. That is why it is necessary that a systemic research on the faith education for contemporary college students be carried out. A summary of the researches on faith and faith education conducted by domestic and overseas scholars demonstrates that there are some demerits related to the findings of faith education for contemporary college students. Firstly, study of meta-faith concepts is inadequate. Secondly, there lacks abundant surveys on the faith conditions of the group of students born in 1990s. Thirdly, as far as the research methodology is concerned, empirical research method is popular, yet there has not seen insightful and authoritative outcomes as expected. Fourthly, the ability to detect problems is not so strong, let alone the solutions to address those problems. Therefore, there exists the necessity to probe into the uncultivated land and the areas where more profound academic studies are needed by taking such an approach as integrating empirical method, comparative method, literature review method, interdisciplinary analysis method as well as the combinative method of history and logic and exploiting theoretical analysis instruments such as Marxism’s Theory of Practice, the Globalization Theory, the Community Theory of Ferdinand Tönnies, the System Theory of Bertalanffy, the Ideology Theory of Mannheim, Fromm’s Theory of Escaping from Freedom, the Aesthetic Thoughts of Schiller, or Fei Xiaotong’s Differential Mode of Association. By so doing, a comprehensive and systematical analysis of the faith education for college students will be achieved, so will progress be made on the research starting point, progress and conclusion. In the same way that concept is the cognitive basis and starting point for research, the logical and cognitive foundation for the research of faith education for current college students lies in a comprehensive understanding of the concept of >faith<. After comparing the paired concepts of faith and ideal, faith and belief, faith and science, faith and religion etc,, it is found that faith belongs to the kind of psychological and spiritual phenomenon that only human beings boast and that it represents the firm faith and unswerving observance for certain outlook on world, life philosophy and value. As the most stable and long-lasting element in what people think and believe, faith manages and controls all the other ideologies. Faith stands for the satisfaction of an individual’s internal need and it signalizes the pursuit of his or her life values. Faith, as the combination of human spirit, will and emotion, serves as the engine and source of mankind’s evolution. Therefore, this dissertation holds that faith is a kind of spiritual activity that certain society, group or class of people impose the impact of what they believe and observe upon others through faith education. Based on the recognition of the nature of faith and faith education, it then comes to the deeper sense of studying faith education for college students, i.e., probing into the status of students’ faith and, more importantly, the significance of faith education for college students. The significance can be realized from national, social, college and personal dimensions. At the national level, faith education performs as the safeguard for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. At the social level, it is regarded the need for promoting social fairness and justice. At the level of the college, faith education represents the demand for optimizing morals and cultivating talents. Besides, in consideration of the great significance of faith education and its practices, the history of faith education must be made clear and lessons and experience should be drawn from the practices of faith education, so as to apply the theoretical and practical guidance to today’s faith education for each individual student. Considering the history of faith education, there are three phases ever since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, namely, the Socialist Transformation Period (from 1949 to 1956), the Socialist Construction Period (from 1956 to 1978) and the Reform and Opening up Period (from 1978 up to now). Over the three periods, the practices of China’s faith education has acquired great achievements as well as witnessed some lessons and thus accumulating experience for us followers to exploit. The success of it reveals that scientific and comprehensive theories lay the logical foundation, right political orientation serves as the basis, integrative cooperation of all forces forms the primary requirement and practice-driven thought is the key demand for faith education. While, the lessons of it enlightens people to turn binary orientation into multiple one, to teach students in accordance with their personal characteristics, to let shine students’ strengths and avoid their weaknesses, to rectify the spoon-fed way of education but resort to flexible educational means, to formulate benign educational atmosphere and emphasize personality education, to take advantage of the Internet and to enhance students’ ideological realization in today’s faith education. Only by drawing experience and learning lessons from the historical practices, can people hope to make more progress of the contemporary faith education. Contemporary faith education for college students represents such a kind of practice that requires the integrative efforts of both students and teachers. Mr. Fei Xiaotong, the famous sociologist in China, proposed that there were a >differential mode of association< in China’s human relations network, one mode that reflects that social relations possess a self-centered quality just like a stone thrown into the lake with circles spreading out from the center, which inspires us positively in terms of the study of the relations between students and teachers within the current faith education system. That is, college students are the engines that should be prioritized and centered. Just as the stone thrown in the lake is surrounded by circles of ripples, in the faith education system there are also circles, among the primary circle, the closest one to the center, is constructed by college teachers of ideological and political courses who have the most significant impact on faith education for college students; the secondary circle which is formed by universities’ counselors who also imposes important impact; and the radiation circle, more distant from the center, which is made up by all other faculty members in universities and colleges. Although teachers in the radiation circle may not have direct influence upon faith education for college students, they do influence college students in their formulation and practices of faiths and thus making themselves indispensable in the faith education system. Contemporary college students and the three circles are interrelated; moreover, they are impacted also by the external environment and cultural atmosphere. Therefore, to ensure that faith education in our era achieves its expected outcomes, it is also important to optimize the educational environment as well as cultivate benign cultural atmosphere. Then, what should be included in the process of faith education for current college students? It is all about the content system of faith education. Neither is the content system aimless nor is it developing concurrently; the system is radioactive like circles of ripples, with the order of importance descending from the center, and thus formulating the core and key content. Faith education also has its own spiritual content, different from the education of religion. Besides, faith education boasts educational objectives and ends. This dissertation believes that the core content of faith education for college students is the establishment of Marxism Faith View; the key content is the common ideal of socialism; the spiritual content is the socialist’s value system, say, the Chinese’ national spirit (with patriotism being the core) and time spirit (with reform and innovation being the core); and that the end is the cultivation and implementation of socialist’s core value. The aim of constructing the content system lies in that there is something to be resorted to by faith education, some standard to be followed and common consensus to be reached. It also lies in that the objects of faith education, namely, the students, have an orientation so that they can learn about faith from many aspects. Then, how can college students acquire the above mentioned content in the process of faith education? Firstly, the channels for faith education should be multiplied to incorporate not only traditional education but also some new channels like the Internet or other emerging media. By introducing the mode that allows the society, college and family to impose some impacts, the theoretical saturation of faith education will be increasingly strengthened for college students. Secondly, the methods for faith education should be innovated by means of self-learning of college students, mentors’ guidance, moral affective instruction or psychological consultation etc. so that students can implant Marxism into themselves. Thirdly, the mechanism of scientific faith education system should be optimized via strong institutional guarantee so that college students can receive scientific and systemized faith education and can further their realization and practice of scientific faith standing at the heart of socialist’s core values. In a nutshell, there are some negative trends in the studies of faith education for college students and are also recommended solutions to address the negative trends. In terms of the negative trends, one is the tendency of diversification, secularization and vulgarization, the other is the tendency of exclusive faith in Marxism. Since the two trends are extremely harmful for the faith education for college students in our era, emphasis should be allotted to theoretical and practical researches. Then, this dissertation proposes the following recommendations. Firstly, the Marxism faith view should be renewed; secondly, the diversification of faith education should be realized; thirdly, the multi-layer system of faith education should be set up; fourthly, the methods and content of faith education should be constantly innovated. By so doing, the negative trends will be alleviated and rectified. What’s more, the Marxism faith will be implanted into the heart of college students; scientific faith view, formulated; and confidence in the Chinese Path, the Chinese Theory, the Chinese System, the Chinese Culture, firmly established. As a result, contemporary college students will be the qualified followers of Marxism and excellent successors for socialist’s cause. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Jia T1 - Psychoanalytic Research on Unconscious – Analysis of Concepts [精神分析关于无意识概念的研究浅析] JF - Science & Technology Information [科技信息], No. 22 (2013), pp. 164-165. N2 - 无意识是精神分析学派的核心概念,是心理结构中非常独特的一个方面,无意识的概念一直在演变,迄今为止对无意识仍然没有一个统一的定论。本文就精神分析领域中对无意识的研究进行一个简要的阐述,意在明晰精神分析中无意识的概念内涵及其影响。 N2 - Unconscious is the core concept of psychoanalysis is the psychological structure of a very unique, the concept of the unconscious has been evolving, still unconscious so far there is no single conclusion. In this paper, the research in the field of psychoanalysis unconscious conducted a brief exposition, intended to clarify the psychoanalytic concept of unconscious meaning and impact. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Jianbo T1 - Two Liberty Ways: >Mental Revolution< and >Social Revolution< – On Marx’s and Fromm's Freedom Thought [两种自由之路:>心理革命<与>社会革命<——评马克思与弗洛姆的自由思想] JF - Journal of Tianshui College of Administration [天水行政学院学报], No. 1 (2016), pp. 73-76. N2 - 弗洛姆从微观的人的心理结构和性格结构入手,希望通过人心理的感觉和感受,通过个人自发的爱和劳动,建立一个健全的社会,实现人心灵的自由。可以称之为>心理革命<的自由之路。马克思站在历史全局的高度,从全人类的自由出发,分析宏观的社会制度和政治经济,希望通过社会实践推动社会制度的更替,推翻资本主义不合理的生产关系和社会关系,建立生产高度发达,人类自由全面发展的共产主义社会。可以称之为>社会革命<的自由之路。两种自由之路要在理论上将其划界,不可通约,在划界的基础上建构适应当代中国实践的自由观。 N2 - Fromm from the microscopic structure of the human mind and personality structure from the start, through the psychological feeling of hope and feelings of self-love and personal labor to build a healthy society, freedom for his mind. It can be called >mental revolution< freedom. Marx standing history overall height, from the freedom of all mankind, the analysis of social and political macro-economic, hopes to promote the replacement of the social system through social practice, the overthrow of the capitalist relations of production and irrational social relations, to establish a highly developed production, human free and comprehensive development of communist society. It can be called >social revolution< in freedom. Two Liberty Way, in theory, should be demarcation, income-mensurable, Culture and the Contemporary Chinese concept of freedom in practice on the basis of demarcation. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Jing T1 - Theoretical Analysis of Fromm's Interpretation of Dreams [超越妄想之门——弗洛姆释梦理论分析] JF - Journal of Beijing Institute of Education [北京教育学院学报], No. 4 (2013), pp. 32-36. N2 - 弗洛姆认为梦的语言是象征性语言。象征性语言可以分为三种:习惯性象征语言,偶然性象征语言和普遍性象征语言。梦是睡眠中人和文化失去联系,潜意识状态中的心理体验的象征表现。因此,梦不只是无理性欲望的满足,也是洞察力和智慧的显现。弗洛姆从社会文化的角度思考梦的本质和意义,是对弗洛伊德释梦理论的修订和超越。 N2 - Erich Fromm thought that the language of dreams is f symbolic language. It was divided into three types: habitual symbol, accidental symbol and universal symbol. The dream is symbolic representation of unconscious mental experience when people lose contact with the culture in sleep. Therefore, the dream is not just an irrational desires, but also insight and wisdom revealed. Fromm thought about the essence and significance of dream from the perspective of social culture, revised and surpassed the Freud's dream theory. Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Jing T1 - On Fromm's Theory of Alienation [弗洛姆异化理论探析] JF - Journal of Huzhou Teachers College [湖州师范学院学报], No. 6 (2009), pp. 72-74. N2 - >Alienation< is a central concept Fromm used to analyze the character of the capitalist social system. He held that the root causes of alienation not only because of the capitalist economic system but also because of human existence and the nature of contradictions. To overcome alienation, we have the need for psychological revolution and social revolution. Fromm’s theory of alienation reflects a strong spirit of critical realism, gives us the reference and inspiration. N2 - >异化<是弗洛姆用来分析资本主义社会制度下人的性格的一个中心概念,他认为异化的根源不仅在于资本主义的经济制度,更在于人的存在与本质的矛盾。要克服异化,必须进行心理革命和社会革命。弗洛姆的异化理论体现着强烈的批判的现实主义精神。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Jing T1 - On Fromm’s Theory of Human Nature [弗洛姆人性理论探析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2010. N2 - Erich Fromm who is an American social philosopher, psychologist and ethicist, is an important representative personage of Frankfurt school of thought in the 20th century. Frankfurt school of thought about philosophy research of >human< holds the important status in the modern West, but as its main representative personage Fromm to be not allowed to neglect to the human nature research theory achievement to the entire westerner’s study research contribution. Fromm devoted his whole life on the >people< issues of concern for people concerned about human nature, human alienation, and human liberation. His human nature theory is founded on the basis of the Freud’s psycho-analysis mediates Marx to form about in person’s theory foundation, simultaneously has also absorbed the Judea Christianity, the Zen Buddhism and so on outstanding cultural thought essence, is his entire social philosophy theory core and the cornerstone.– He receives Marx >person’s liberation< this grand concept and the philosophy subject, takes root to person’s attention in the real life, faces directly modern people’s survival circumstances, may say that >the human nature theory< is the Fromm thought theory core. The human nature theory’s basic connotation and so on three parts conducts system’s research and the elaboration to its human nature theory’s dialectical analysis, The attempt unearths its profound thought theory connotation, and in the dialectical analysis’s foundation, wants to show its sincere academic value and to the real life guiding sense. Fromm devotes to the capitalist economy society disease’s revelation and to the developed industry social person’s disassimilation root exploration, The goal is liberates the human from the disassimilation condition, re-establishes person’s in dependent status, realizes person’s free development truly. We must a more profound assurance and dialectical ethics morals which, the philosophy of life, the political philosophy develops in his human nature theory to contain and so on this complex and have the depth topic, unearths its profound connotation and in-depth theory and the practical significance. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是20世纪美国著名的社会哲学家、心理学家和伦理学家,法兰克福学派的重要代表人物之一。法兰克福学派在现代西方关于>人<的问题的哲学研究中占有及其重要的地位,而作为其主要代表人物的弗洛姆的人性研究的理论成果对于整个西方人学研究的贡献不容忽视。弗洛姆一生致力于对>人<的问题的研究,关注人、关注人的本性、人的异化以及人的解放。他的人性理论主要是在>综合<弗洛伊德的精神分析理论和马克思关于人的学说的基础上形成的,同时也吸收了犹太基督教、佛教禅宗等优秀文化思想的精髓,是他的整个社会哲学理论的核心与基石。他秉承马克思>人的解放<这一伟大构想和哲学主题,对人的关注植根于社会现实生活中,直面现代人的生存境遇,可以说>人性理论<是弗洛姆思想理论的核心。文章主要从弗洛姆人性理论产生的社会背景和思想渊源、人性理论的基本内涵以及对其人性理论的辩证分析等三部分来进行系统的研究和论述,尝试挖掘其深刻的思想理论内涵,并在辩证分析的基础上,欲彰显其厚重的学术价值与对现实生活的指导意义。弗洛姆致力于对资本主义经济社会弊病的揭示和对发达工业社会人的异化根源的探索,目的是把人从异化状态下解放出来,重新确立人的主体性地位,真正实现人的自由发展。我们要更深刻的把握并辩证的发展他的人性理论中包含的伦理道德、人生哲学、政治哲学等这个复杂而又有深度的课题,挖掘其深刻内涵及其深层的理论与现实意义。 Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Jun T1 - Found Fromm [发现弗洛姆] JF - Ludong University Journal (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) [烟台师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 3 (1998), pp. 46-47, 62. N2 - 艾•弗洛姆对中国读者来说,并不是一个完全陌生的名字。在二十世纪八十年代中后期的西方人文及社会科学理论思潮热中,弗洛姆作为精神分析学派创始人费洛伊德的主要追随者,屡屡被人提及。只是他的著作没有象弗洛伊德那样被大量地译成中文。因此,人们对弗洛姆的了解也往... N2 - Ai Fromm for Chinese readers, is not a completely unfamiliar name. In the late 1980s Western humanities and social sciences theoretical thoughts avid, Fromm as the founder of psychoanalysis Feiluoyide principal followers, often been mentioned. But he did not like Freud's writings as being heavily into Chinese. Therefore, people have to understand Fromm […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Ke T1 - Could Europe Regain the >Ability to Love爱的能力爱<无疑是人类历史上最为激动人心、同时又最让人沮丧失望的话题了。德国裔美国心理学家艾里希•弗洛姆是第一个从科学的角度研究>爱<的学者,他在其1956年出版的经典著作《爱的艺术》中写道,大多 N2 - Europe seems to have fallen into a trap. It does not want to retreat and it is not interested in moving forward. However, because of too much economic cost, it is unsustainable that >love< is undoubtedly the most exciting in human history and the most frustrating and disappointing topic. The German-American psychologist Erich Fromm was the first scholar to study >love< from a scientific perspective. He wrote in his classic 1956 book >The Art of Loving<. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Kejun A1 - Xiong, Huajun T1 - The Pop Culture of >Fast-Food< Books to Introspect the >Escape of Freedom< in Psychology [从>逃避自由<心理机制看高校>快餐型<书籍的流行] JF - Journal of Linyi University [临沂师范学院学报], No. 5 (2004), pp. 128-130. N2 - The paper attempts to adopt the >Escape of Freedom< in psychology from E.•Fromm to analyze the reason of the pop culture of >Fast-Food< books and the passive effect to the university students. According to this, we should find out the methods to solve problems and help university students find their self-individuals. N2 - 从弗罗姆>逃避自由<的心理机制观来看,高校>快餐型<书籍的流行既有社会文化原因,也有经济利益等方面的原因,它会对当代大学生产生消极的影响。据此,我们应该找到解决问题的方法,帮助大学生找回失去的自我和个性。 Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Lei T1 - Fromm’s Consumption Alienation Theory and Its Implications [ 弗洛姆的消费异化理论及其启示 ] JF - Journal of Hubei University of Economics (Humanities and Social Sciences) [湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版)], No. 12 (2008), pp. 36-37. N2 - 弗洛姆认为现代社会是一个消费异化的社会。他主要从获取物品的方式、使用物品的方式及消费物品的结果三个方面论述了资本主义社会的消费异化现象,进而提出了>建立人本主义公有制<和树立>人道、健康的消费行为<的解决方案,以此来扬弃消费异化。他的消费异化理论有深刻的理论和现实意义,但也有一些不科学的因素。 N2 - Fromm that modern society is a consumer society of alienation. Him from obtaining items, items and consumer goods results three aspects of consumer alienation of capitalist society, thus establish >humanism public ownership< and establish >humanitarian, health and consumer behavior solutions< in order to sublation of consumer alienation. Consumer alienation theory has profound theoretical and practical significance, but there are also some unscientific factors. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Li T1 - The Basis of Personality Display – Interview with Shui Junyi, the Host of >Focus Interview< [个性展现的基础──访《焦点访谈》主持人水均益所得] JF - Communication Journal of Beijing Broadcasting Institute [现代传播(中国传媒大学学报)], No. 4 (1995). N2 - 弗洛姆在《爱的艺术》中说到这样一句话──爱是一种能力。这就赋予了很多人向往;坐享或是已经为之焦头烂额的神秘情感以很大的主动性与可知性。那么,在如今电视节目主持人纷纷出现而又难以令自己或受众满意的时候 ... N2 - Fromm said in >The Art of Loving< that love is a kind of ability. This gives a lot of initiative and knowability to the mysterious emotion that many people yearn for, enjoy or have been exhausted by. So, when TV show hosts appear one after another and it is difficult to satisfy themselves or the audience ... [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Liangliang T1 - Explore the >Escape from Freedom< and >Spiral of Silence< Theory of Relationship [>逃避自由<与>沉默的螺旋<理论关系探讨] JF - Journal of Liaoning Administration College [辽宁行政学院学报], No. 1 (2013), pp. 56-58. N2 - 以二战中法西斯主义在德国的绝对统治为背景,弗洛姆于1941年发表《逃避自由》一书,从人的生存状况角度出发提出了>逃避自由<这一概念,深刻地批判了资本主义社会中异化现象等问题;1974年,德国传播学家诺埃勒-诺依曼以1965年德国大选时出现的奇怪现象为根据,提出了著名的>沉默的螺旋<理论,至今仍有极为重要的意义。此二者看似风马牛不相及,但实际上存在深刻的内在联系。 N2 - To the absolute rule of fascism in World War II in Germany as the background, Fromm published >Escape from Freedom< a book in 1941, from the perspective of the living conditions of people put forward the concept of >Escape from Freedom< profoundly critique of alienation in capitalist society and other issues. 1974, German scientist spread Noelle-Neumann to occur when the German general election in 1965 under the strange phenomenon, made famous >spiral of silence< theory, there are still of great importance. This two seemingly unrelated, but in fact the presence of a deep inner connection. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Liming T1 - Fromm's Psychological Theory of Alienation and Its Implications [弗洛姆的心理异化理论及其启示], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 2009. N2 - On the basis of the combination of Karl Marx’s theory of alienation and Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis, Erich Fromm discovers and analyzes psychological alienation of people who are in developed industrial society. He also points out the method to solve the problem of psychological alienation. Erich Fromm believes that psychological alienation of people who are in developed industrial society embodies the avoidance of freedom, the alienation of character structure, the living style emphasizing the possession and neglecting subsistence. The chief reason lies in the alienation of human nature. In order to solve the problem of psychological alienation, sound characteristics and perfect society must be established with love and rationality.– Erich Fromm’s theory of psychological alienation has theoretical and realistic significance of deepening the study of modern practical philosophy, breaking the restriction of Commodity Fetishism under market economy, solving the subsistence problem and fulfilling the all-round development of people. Erich Fromm’s theory of psychological alienation enriches and develops psychology and the theory of alienation. It upholds the banner of humanism and reflects the spirit of critical realism. On the other hand, there is paradox and Utopianism in his theory. N2 - 弗洛姆在综合马克思的异化理论和弗洛伊德的精神分析学说的基础上,对发达工业社会人的心理异化进行了深刻揭示和分析,提出了解决心理异化问题的途径。弗洛姆认为,发达工业社会人的心理异化主要表现为逃避自由、性格结构的异化、重占有轻生存的生存方式,其主要原因在于人的本质的异化,要想解决心理异化的问题,必须用爱和理性,去实现健全的人格和健全的社会。弗洛姆心理异化理论对于深化当代实践哲学的研究、突破市场经济条件下商品拜物教的樊篱、解决当代人的生存问题和实现人的全面发展都具有重要的理论和现实意义。弗洛姆的心理异化理论丰富和发展了心理学及异化理论,高举人道主义的旗帜,体现出了强烈的批判现实主义的精神。但也不可否认,他的理论存在着的矛盾性和乌托邦主义色彩。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Ling T1 - The Research of Fromm’s Theory about Love [关于弗洛姆爱的理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2009. N2 - Fromm is an American famous philosopher, psychologists and ethicists in the 20th century, and he is an important representative of the Frankfurt School. Love about the theory is the core of Fromm’s ethics. This article is divided into three chapters to discuss the Fromm’s theory about love.– The first chapter tells the background and theoretical foundation of Fromm’s theory about love, and then discusses the entire theoretical system of the love theory of Fromm’s: Pointed out that the love is a kind of art and ability, in essence, a >given< and the practice of love. Lastly, it also discusses the love that including universal love, motherly love, sexes love, the God of love. All forms of love are included the basic elements, such as concern, responsibility, respect and understanding and so on.– In the second chapter, we compared Fromm’s theory about love with the other love theory by comparing method, which explained the difference and contact between them. At last reveals philosophic meaning of Fromm’s love theory.– In the third chapter, pointing out the limitations and inadequacy by reflection of Fromm’s theory about love. In the finally, summing up the rationality and practical significance of Fromm’s theory about love. N2 - 弗洛姆在《爱的艺术》中独辟蹊径,阐释了爱的理论,表达了对爱的全新理解。本文首先阐述了弗洛姆关于爱的理论:爱是对人类生存问题的回答,爱是对人的处境问题的真正解决,是人与自然、他人、自己建立联系的最健康的途径。爱的本质是>给予<、爱是一门艺术、爱是一种能力、爱是一种积极的活动、爱是一种性格倾向、爱是一种态度,爱也是一种实践,一种体验。爱包括博爱、母爱、性爱、自爱、上帝之爱等形式,并且所有爱的形式都包含关心、责任心、尊重和了解等基本要素。然后又论述了爱是可以经过努力和勤奋掌握的一门艺术,并指出弗洛姆关于爱的理论的哲学意义;接着又对弗洛姆关于爱的理论与其他爱的理论进行比较,阐述了他们之间的关系;最后,论证了弗洛姆关于爱的理论的局限性和不足,但是瑕不掩瑜,它的合理性和积极性是主要的,而且弗洛姆关于爱的理论在今天仍然具有巨大的启发作用和现实意义。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Liwei T1 - Quest for Happy Life under Positive Freedom – An Interpretation on the Theme of Freedom in the >Golden Notebook<, Master thesis [在能动自由下寻求幸福生活 - 论《金色笔记》中的自由主题], English Language and Literature, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2009, 71 pp. [Application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - Doris Lessing (born 1919) is one of the most outstanding British female writer and the Noble Prize winner of 2007. The Golden Notebook which was published in 1962 is her masterpiece. The thesis clearly shows the theme of the novel-freedom, on the basis of Erich Fromm’s views on freedom put forward in Escape from Freedom 1941. Free women are far away from positive freedom. And modern men feel anxious and restless in their mind. Mental puzzlement makes the acclaimed free women fall into negative freedom. After realizing their negative freedom, the characters in the novel use all kinds of mechanisms to get rid of their mental burdens, but all that they did were in vain. Human beings should accept their state actively, love the world and people without rewards and work spontaneously in order to get happiness.– Using this new perspective, I want to reveal the novel’s social value and realistic meaning. N2 - 多丽丝•莱辛(1919-- )是当今英国文坛上颇负盛名的女作家,2007年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。于1962年出版的《金色笔记》是莱辛的代表作。本文运用美国思想家埃里希•弗洛姆在1941年出版的《逃避自由》中提出的关于>自由<的观点对《金色笔记》的自由主题加以分析。自由女性并不自由。现代人的内心充满焦虑、不安,精神上的困惑促使看似自由的人陷入消极的自由状态。小说中的主要人物在意识到自己处在消极自由状态后利用各种逃避机制摆脱精神上的枷锁,但结果却适得其反。这说明人们只有返璞归真到无私的爱和自发性工作后才能获得能动自由以及达到内心的宁静获得幸福。本文通过这一视角来理解这部作品,旨在揭示其现实意义以及社会价值。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Meiya T1 - Sowing with Heart, Cultivating with Love [用心播种 用爱耕耘] JF - Primary School Teaching Research, No. 3 (2018), pp. 88-89. N2 - 爱,是一个非常熟悉的字眼,她是伴随儿童成长的动人旋律,她是联系队员心灵的纽带。在少先队活动中,以爱为主题的活动是必不可少的。德国著名思想家弗洛姆认为:爱是一门艺术,爱需要知识,爱需要努力。爱的基本要素是关心、责任、尊重和认识,并且这四个要素是有机融合,缺一不可的。那么,如何在少先队活动中实施爱的教育,更好地对少年儿童进行心灵的灌溉? N2 - Love is a very familiar word, it is a moving melody that accompanies the growth of children, it is the link between the hearts of the players. In the activities of the Young Pioneers, the activities with the theme of love are essential. The famous German thinker Fromm believes: love is an art, love requires knowledge, love requires effort. The basic elements of love are care, responsibility, respect and awareness, and these four elements are organic integration, the absence of an indispensable. So, how to implement love education in the pioneer activities, and better irrigate the hearts of children and adolescents? [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 4/2023] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Qiaona T1 - A Study on Fromm’s Alienation Theory [弗洛姆异化思想研究], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2011. N2 - … morbidity phenomenon, Fromm put humanism theory as the ideological basis and tries to fusion Freud’s psychoanalysis doctrine and the theory of historical materialism of Marx, Fromm put his concept of human nature as a standard to perspective contemporary capitalist society economic prosperity and affluent life appearances. Fromm had incisively and vividly exposed and criticized the alienation in contemporary capitalist society, His views has very important reference value on we understanding and researching human society phenomenon. This paper discussed the theoretical origin, background and main contents of Fromm’s alienation thought based on the study of domestic and foreign scholars. Nest we emphatically discussed theoretical significance and practical value. This paper is divided into four parts. – The first part interprets the background and theoretical origin of Fromm’s alienation thought. It is the rise of fascism and the tendency of mechanization of human life that deny the value and meaning of human life, it led Fromm to seek salvation of this confusion. He critically inherited the Freud’s psychoanalysis and absorbed the nutrients in Marxist theory, thus put forward the ideas of his own unique psychological alienation.– The second part discusses the main contents of Fromm’s theory of alienation. It contains five aspects: Fromm’s concept of human nature, the meaning of alienation, the root causes of alienation, the causes of alienation and the elimination of alienation. The purpose is to grasp the logic of Fromm’s alienation theory, on the one hand describes the content of his thoughts, on the other hand show the inadequacies of his alienation theory. Fromm believes that human nature is constantly changing and developing, he put the view of human nature as the basis of his alienation theory. Fromm gives alienation psychological meaning: alienation is a kind of psychological experiences. The root of alienation lies in the situation of human survival contradiction. The causes of alienation include the two aspects: it’s the social repression to individual life and the existence of unconscious. In order to eliminate alienation, on the one hand we had to improve the human reason and establish creative links with the whole world; on the other hand we should carry out an all-round social change.– The third part explores the value and shortcomings of Fromm’s alienation theory through comparing the Fromm and Marx’s alienation theory. We analyzed the positive significance and defects of Fromm’s alienation theory from the perspective of theory and practice. Theoretically, Fromm totally deviates from Marx for taking the abstract theory of human nature as the theoretical basis. But Fromm expands the Research fields of Marxism because of exploring from microcosmic psychological perspective. From a practical point of view, Fromm has a utopia tendency of eliminating alienation.– The fourth part explores the enlightenment of Fromm’s alienation theory to build a socialist harmonious society. To achieve the goal of building a harmonious society we must build a psychological harmonious society according to China’s reality. The paper focuses on the key role of psychological harmony and how to build a psychological harmonious society. N2 - 弗洛姆从人本主义出发,力图融合弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思的历史唯物主义理论,以此来考察西方资本主义社会的各种病态现象。异化思想是弗罗姆以自己的人性论为标准,透过当代资本主义社会经济繁荣和生活富裕的表象,考察其内在矛盾而得出的结论。弗洛姆对当代资本主义社会中的异化问题进行了淋漓尽致的揭露与批判,其观点对我们了解与研究人类社会现象具有十分重要的参考价值。本文以马克思主义理论为指导,论述了弗洛姆异化思想的产生背景、理论渊源及其主要内容,在此基础之上着重探讨其思想的理论意义和现实价值。本文分为四个部分:第一部分阐释弗洛姆异化思想产生的时代背景和理论渊源。法西斯主义的崛起和人类生活的机械化倾向否定了人类生命的价值和意义,这个困惑促使弗洛姆寻求救世的良方。他批判地继承弗洛伊德的精神分析理论,汲取马克思主义思想理论的养分,从而提出了自己独特的心理异化思想。第二部分从人性观、异化的含义、异化的内生动力、异化的外生原因以及扬弃五个方面分析总结弗洛姆异化思想的主要内容,旨在对其思想进行逻辑上的整体疏理,一方面阐述其思想的内涵,另一方面显现弗洛姆思想观点的片面之处。弗洛姆认为人性是历史生成的,他将人性观作为其异化思想的基础和前提;在前人异化理论的基础上,弗洛姆赋予异化心理层面的含义:异化是一种心理体验;异化的根源在于人与生俱来的生存处境,即生存两歧;社会对个人的压抑和意识对社会无意识的压抑构成了异化的原因;扬弃异化在主观层面上要健全人的理性,与世界建立创造性的联系,客观上要进行全方位的社会变革。第三部分通过与马克思异化理论的比较,探讨弗洛姆异化思想的价值与缺陷,从理论和实践两个方面指出其思想的积极意义和不足之处。从理论上讲,弗洛姆以抽象的人性论作为理论基础,完全背离了马克思。但是,他从微观心理角度探究异化现象,拓展了马克思主义的研究领域。从实践角度来看,弗洛姆扬弃异化的思想具有乌托邦倾向。第四部分探究弗洛姆异化思想对我国构建和谐社会的启示,从心理角度观照我国的现实状况,指出要实现和谐社会建设的目标,就必须建设心理和谐的和谐社会。本文重点论述了心理和谐对构建和谐社会的作用以及如何构建心理和谐的社会主义和谐社会。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Qin T1 - On the Annoyance and the >Art of Loving< by Fromm [论烦恼与弗洛姆《爱的艺术》] JF - Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University (Social Science Edition) [西安石油大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 3 (2009), pp. 69-73. N2 - In the fields of philosophy, annoyance is almost the permanent topic. Fromm attempted to define the root of annoyance as the loneliness from the perspective of psychology. There are various ways of getting rid of loneliness, the ideal combined way of which is the mature love. It is thought that how to gain the mature love involves the following aspects: the first is to have mature personality, in other words, to have high self-recognition and creativity; the second is that human should know the spirit cleaning, namely keep attention concentrated and have brain sensible and awaken; the final is to gain the capacity of love by overcoming the self-love, and having rational belief and active activity. N2 - 在哲学领域里,烦恼几乎是永恒的主题。弗洛姆试图从心理学角度把烦恼的根源归结为孤寂感。摆脱孤寂感的方式各种各样,成熟的爱是比较理想的结合方式。对如何才能获得这种成熟的爱的问题,笔者认为:首先要有成熟的人格也就是具有高度的自我认同感和创造力的人格。其次,人应该懂得精神清洁,也就是要注意保持注意力集中,保持头脑清醒理智,最后要通过克服自恋、合理的信仰和积极的活动来获得爱的能力。 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Qingmei T1 - Study on Harmonious Society of College Students Interpersonal Self-adjustment [和谐社会视域下大学生人际交往的自我调适], Master thesis, Ideological and Political Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2010 N2 - Interpersonal communication is not only access to information and opportunities as the basic channel, is also an important factor in the success or failure determine the cause. College Students in the 21st century knowledge economy and the backbone is of the mainstream, they are the hope of the nation, the motherland's future, shouldering the important task of building socialist modernization, the social relationships they are an important component. Particularly in the context of building a socialist harmonious society, the students interpersonal harmony or not related to the smooth realization of a harmonious society. Based on the lessons of previous studies based on the lack of useful and to Harmonious Society interpersonal communication for college students self-adjustment for the study. This subject is divided into four parts: The first part, Introduction. This section includes the research background, research review and research the content and methods. The second part, students an overview of interpersonal self-adjustment.– First, students self-adaptive content defined. This article reference in the Ci Hai >self< and >adjustment< based on the Definition of summarizing the content of Self Adjustment.– Secondly, the students inter-personal meaning and characteristics. In this paper, the content and relationships on the basis of comparative analysis, creatively summarize the content of interpersonal communication, and thus summarizes the students interpersonal meaning of self-adjustment. By the definition of interpersonal meaning, combined with the actual students summed up the students are the characteristics of interpersonal communication has four aspects: (1) the urgency of communication needs; (2) to highlight the personality and strong sense of independent exchanges. (3) interpersonal expansion of content areas; university exchanges for university students provides a very wide world; the majority of students in relationship with other people want to act in their own opinions, teachers or parents do not want too much interference. Again, students interpersonal theory of self-adjustment support. Students self-adjustment of interpersonal communication has a profound theoretical basis. Confucianism in ancient China, such as starting from the Mind almost made people believe that the inner virtue, based on human nature, emphasizing self-denial self-reflection, self complacent, and explored a set of more systematic and self-education method with oriental features; learn these ideas and method of self-adjustment of interpersonal communication has an important inspiration and reference. Also some foreign famous philosophers, such as Fromm, Kant and others have thought about self-education. Students of these ideas would be harmonious interpersonal self-adaptation theory.– Finally, the students interpersonal meaning of self-adjustment. Interpersonal Communication Students help to promote self-adaptive self-realization; help to promote the formation and development of self-consciousness; help students to maintain physical and mental health; help improve students personality. Students interpersonal self-adaptation in the improvement of college personality, to maintain physical and mental health, enhanced self-awareness and the promotion of self-worth has a significant, interaction in these areas are interrelated. Students improve character, to maintain physical and mental health, enhanced self-awareness is to promote the realization of self-worth based on the premise of the conditions and to promote the realization of self-worth is to improve students personality, to maintain physical and mental health, the ultimate goal of enhancing self-awareness. The third part, students interpersonal problems and causes of self-adjustment analysis.– First, students who show outstanding problems of interpersonal communication there are four main areas: (1) self-centered, emotional instability of interpersonal conflict, personality; (2) low self-esteem, create contacts and other psychological terror alert; (3) shy, closed own and other poor communication psychology; (4) addicted to the Internet caused a long-term loneliness, depression and other personality defects.– Second, the impact of interpersonal factors that college students are mainly two aspects of subjective and objective. Subjective factors include cognitive factors, emotional factors and personality factors. Objective factors include social, family-school aspects. The fourth part, students interpersonal self-adjustment of the principles and methods.– First, the students interpersonal self-adjustment of the basic principles. To the principles of equality, honesty, tolerance and so on principle.– Secondly, the students interpersonal self-adjustment of the main methods. In interpersonal conflicts, communication fear, poor communication, the network self-regulating aspects of addiction. Needs to be stressed is that students cultivate a harmonious interpersonal relations cannot do without the social, school and family and other environmental efforts, this article does not deny this. The past, scholars have most of these environment-pronged approach to explore students interpersonal adjustment measures, but this paper scholars on the basis that to solve the key problem is that students interpersonal self-adjustment of the Strategy, from the students themselves point of view Students of solving interpersonal harmony way.– In addition, this paper comparative research methods, literature search methods, history and logic of the method, deductive reasoning and inductive research methods, to extract from the whole social system starting on College Students interpersonal self-adjustment of the significance of interpersonal discord status and causes of, College Student Communication self-adjustment of the principles, methods and other issues for some useful exploration. N2 - 人际交往不仅是获得信息和机遇的基本渠道,也是决定事业成败的重要因素。当代大学生是21世纪知识经济时代的主流与中坚,他们是民族的希望、祖国的未来,肩负着建设社会主义现代化的重任,他们是社会人际关系中的一个重要组成部分。特别是在构建社会主义和谐社会的背景下,大学生的人际交往和谐与否关系到和谐社会能否顺利实现。本文在吸取以往研究有益与不足的基础上,以和谐社会视域下大学生人际交往的自我调适作为研究对象。本文的主体内容分为四部分:第一部分,绪论。本部分包括研究背景、研究综述以及研究内容和方法。第二部分,大学生人际交往自我调适概述。首先,大学生自我调适内涵的界定。本文在借鉴辞海中有关>自我<和>调适<内涵界定的基础上概括总结出大学生自我调适的内涵。其次,大学生人际交往的内涵及特征。本文在与人际关系的内涵进行比较分析的基础上,创造性地总结出人际交往的内涵,并由此概括出了大学生人际交往自我调适的含义。通过对人际交往内涵的界定,结合大学生的实际总结概括出大学生人际交往的特征有三个方面:(1)交往需求的迫切性;(2)突出的个性和独立交往意识的强烈性。(3)人际交往内容范围的扩大性;大学为大学生的交往提供了非常广阔的天地;大多数大学生在人际交往方面希望以自己的意见行事,不希望老师或家长过多的干涉。再次,大学生人际交往自我调适的理论支撑。大学生人际交往的自我调适有着深刻的理论基础。如我国古代儒家从心性论出发认为德性发乎人的内心、基于人的本性,强调克己自省、修身自得,并探索出了一整套较为系统并具东方特色的自我教育方法;学习这些思想和方法对人际交往的自我调适具有重要的启示和借鉴作用。另外国外一些著名的哲学家,如弗洛姆、康德等都有关于自我教育的思想。这些思想都将是大学生和谐人际交往自我调适的理论基础。最后,大学生人际交往自我调适的意义。大学生人际交往自我调适有利于促进自我价值的实现;有利于促进自我意识的形成和发展;有利于大学生保持身心健康;有助于完善大学生的个性。大学生人际交往的自我调适在完善大学生个性、保持身心健康、增强自我意识以及促进自我价值方面有着重要的意义,这几个方面相互影响相互联系。完善大学生个性、保持身心健康、增强自我意识是促进自我价值实现的条件和前提基础,促进自我价值实现是完善大学生个性、保持身心健康、增强自我意识的最终目的。第三部分,大学生人际交往自我调适的问题及原因分析。首先,大学生人际交往的突出问题表现主要有四个方面:(1)以自我为中心、情绪性格不稳定产生人际冲突;(2)自卑、戒备等心理造成交往恐惧;(3)羞怯、封闭、自负等心理产生沟通不良;(4)长期沉迷于网络造成孤独、抑郁等性格缺陷。其次,影响大学生人际交往的因素主要有主客观两个方面。主观因素主要包括认知因素、情感因素和人格因素等。客观因素主要包括社会、家庭学校方面的因素。第四部分,大学生人际交往自我调适的原则与方法。首先,大学生人际交往自我调适的基本原则。要本着平等、诚信、宽容等方面的原则。其次,大学生人际交往自我调适的主要方法。在人际冲突、交往恐惧、沟通不良、网络沉迷的方面进行自我调节。需要特别强调的是,大学生和谐人际关系的培养离不开社会、学校和家庭等环境努力,本文不否认这一点。以往学者们大都从这些大环境方面入手去探讨大学生人际交往的调适对策,而本文在学者们研究的基础上所要解决的关键性问题是大学生人际交往自我调适的对策,即从大学生自身的角度去探讨解决大学生人际交往不和谐的途径。另外,本文采用比较研究方法、文献查阅法、历史与逻辑的方法、演绎推理和归纳研究等方法,力求从整个社会系统出发对当代大学生人际交往自我调适的意义、人际交往不和谐的现状与成因、大学生人际交往自我调适的原则、方法等问题作一些有益的探索。 Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Qiumeng T1 - Reflections on the >Sound Society< – From Fromm’s Alienated Society to Perfect Society [从异化社会通向健全社会的思考—弗洛姆《健全的社会》评析] JF - Theory Research [学理论], No. 7 (2017), pp. 107-108. N2 - 在《逃避自由》一书中,弗洛姆分析了人类逃避自由的社会心理机制形成的原因之后,他又进一步在《健全的社会》一书中根据异化概念分析了这种逃避行为的具体社会原因。在《健全的社会》一书中,弗洛姆就现代社会人类的异化现象分析了现代人的精神状况是否健全,并详细阐述了满足人类健全精神的基本需要和建设健全社会的总体性构想。通过对弗洛姆《健全的社会》中对资本主义社会批判理论和建设健全社会思想的分析,可以使我们进一步认识资本主义社会的异化现象,并找到从异化社会通向健全社会的具体途径。 N2 - In the book >Escape from Freedom<, Fromm analyzes the reasons for the formation of the social mechanism of freedom of mankind, he further analyzes the concept of alienation in the book >Sound Society< The specific social causes of evasion. In the book >Sound Society<, Fromm's analysis of the alienation of human beings in modern society is a reflection of the perfection of the mental state of modern people, and elaborated on the basic needs of human health and the overall concept of building a sound society. By analyzing the critical theory of capitalist society and building a sound social thought in Fromm's >sound society<, we can further understand the alienation of capitalist society and find a concrete way from an alienated society to a sound society. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER -