TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Litong T1 - Fromm's Theory of Consumer Alienation and Its Contemporary Significance [弗洛姆消费异化理论及其当代意义研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2020. N2 - 埃里希·弗洛姆立足于人本主义立场,融合马克思异化说及弗洛伊德精神分析学说等相关理论观点,揭示资本主义社会表面经济繁荣、物质丰裕,实则出现了消费异化现象,并对如何摆脱异化进行积极探索,做出了重大贡献。本文论述了弗洛姆消费异化建构消费异化理论的理论渊源、基本内容及其扬弃路径,在此基础上立足于我国具体现实情景,探讨其思想的当代意义与现实价值。第一,梳理并论述弗洛姆建构消费异化理论的理论渊源。弗洛姆融合马克思异化说及卢卡奇物化理论等相关观点,同时还学习借鉴弗洛伊德相关理论,在分析人的心理时引入异化观思想,在这基础上提出其著名的消费异化理论。第二,分析并论述消费异化理论基本内容。具体包括产生消费异化理论的前提、产生根源、异化核心等,分别从社会与个体两个层面分析异化表现形式以及产生异化的后果,为扬弃消费异化提供理论上的依据支持。第三,论述弗洛姆扬弃消费异化所进行的路径探索。对此,弗洛姆主张应从心理变革与社会整体变革来实现。首先在社会变革方面,弗洛姆认为,整个社会各个方面协同变革才能取得良好效果。其次在心理变革方面,强调应消除异化对人心理层面上造成的侵蚀,促使人最终不受物的控制或统治,最终走出生存困境。弗洛姆主张重生存人道消费观,同时还注重建立生产性人格。第四,结合弗洛姆消费异化理论评析并立足于我国具体现实情境,归结出当代中国消费领域所存在的问题,对这些问题进行深入分析及提出思考。随着弗洛姆消费异化理论的提出及获得逐渐完善,极大丰富马克思的异化理论,关照现实生存的困境问题,彰显人文主义关怀,具有其一定的合理性。结合我国现阶段现实情境,新时代中国特色社会主义制度建设生态文明,构建绿色生活方式和绿色消费观等,从多个层面等进行共同努力,以期能共同营造良好的消费氛围,进而促使我国消费领域实现健康及和谐发展。 N2 - Based on the humanistic standpoint, Erich Fromm integrated Marx's theory of alienation and Freud's psychoanalysis to reveal the phenomenon of consumer alienation in capitalist society despite its apparent economic prosperity and material abundance, and made a significant contribution to the exploration of how to get rid of alienation. This paper discusses the theoretical origin of Fromm's theory of consumer alienation, its basic content and its abandonment path, and then discusses the contemporary significance and practical value of his ideas based on the specific reality of China. First, the theoretical origins of Fromm's theory of consumer alienation will be discussed. Fromm's famous theory of consumer alienation is based on the integration of Marx's theory of alienation and Lukács' theory of reification, as well as on Freud's theory of alienation, which he introduced in his analysis of human psychology.– Secondly, the basic contents of the theory of consumer alienation are analyzed and discussed. Specifically, the premise, root cause and core of alienation of consumer alienation theory are analyzed, and the manifestations of alienation and the consequences of alienation are analyzed from the social and individual levels respectively to provide theoretical support for abandoning consumer alienation.– Thirdly, it discusses Fromm's exploration of the path to abandon consumer alienation. In this regard, Fromm advocates psychological change and social change as a whole to achieve this. First, in terms of social change, Fromm argues that all aspects of society as a whole must change in concert in order to achieve good results. Secondly, in terms of psychological change, Fromm emphasizes that the erosion of alienation on the psychological level of human beings should be eliminated, so that human beings can finally be free from the control or domination of things and finally get out of the dilemma of existence. Fromm advocates the concept of survival-oriented humane consumption, but also focuses on the establishment of a productive personality.– Fourth, based on Fromm's theory of consumer alienation and the specific reality of China, we summarize the problems in the field of contemporary Chinese consumption, and analyze and reflect on these problems in depth. With the introduction and gradual improvement of Fromm's theory of consumer alienation, it greatly enriches Marx's theory of alienation, takes care of the dilemma of real life, and shows humanistic concern, which has its certain rationality. In the light of the current situation in China, the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the construction of ecological civilization, the construction of a green way of life and a green concept of consumption, from a number of levels and other joint efforts, in order to jointly create a good atmosphere for consumption, and then promote the healthy and harmonious development of China's consumer field. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2021] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Nianli T1 - Help Children in >Third Teacher< Embrace Gain a Sense of Belonging [帮助幼儿在>第三位教师<的怀抱中获得归属感] JF - Early Childhood Education [幼儿教育], No. 34 (2011), p. 9. N2 - 幼儿园的墙面环境常能真实体现幼儿园的办园理念,因而有>第三位教师<之称。如何有效地发挥这位>教师<的独特功能,促进幼儿的健康发展,是时常摆在园长和教师面前的一道难题。心理学家弗洛姆认为,归属感主要与心理上的 N2 - Nursery wall environment can often reflect the true concept of the office park kindergarten, hence the >third teacher<, said. How to effectively play the >teacher< unique features, and promote the healthy development of young children, are often placed in front of the principal and teachers of a problem. Psychologist Erich Fromm believes that a sense of belonging primarily psychological […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Pan T1 - Love Is a Special Ability – My Thoughts on Reading >Let Students See Your Love< [爱是一种专门能力——读《让学生看见你的爱》有感] JF - Jiangsu Education [江苏教育], No. 51 (2018), p. 80. N2 - 《让学生看见你的爱》作者:沈丽新出版社:中国人民大学出版社弗洛姆在《爱的艺术》里说:>爱不是我们与生俱来的一种本领,而是需要我们后天习得的能力。<当我翻到沈丽新老师的新书《让学生看见你的爱》时,我再一次深刻地体会到了作为一名教师,爱是一门艺术,更是一门专业能力。… N2 - >Let students see your love< Author: Shen Lixin Publishing House: People's University of China Press Fromm said in >The Art of Loving<: >Love is not a skill we are born with, but an ability that we need to acquire later.< When I turned to Ms. Shen Lixin's new book >Let Students See Your Love<, I once again deeply experienced that as a teacher, love is an art, but also a professional ability as a teacher. … [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, 4/2023] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Pengsheng T1 - The Analysis of Fromm's Thoughts on Social Psychology [弗罗姆的社会心理学思想解读] JF - Journal of Harbin University [哈尔滨学院], No. 1 (2004), pp. 26-29. N2 - Fromm's thoughts on social psychology were listed as follows: development of self; social personality; social motive, etc. Fromm's analysis of the development of self mainly followed a thread as below: restraint => freedom => re-restraint => re-freedom. He regarded the process in the individual development of self in a dialectical way. He admitted that individual eventually would develop no matter what factors would affect it. And he knew that the development was not reversible. Social personality was the final effect of the self-development. It determined individual's thoughts, feelings and behaviors in society. It was also affected by some social factors. In Fromm's opinion, there were several needs in the process of individual formation of social personality, which were listed as following: needs of connection; needs of transcending; needs of seeking security; needs of identification and needs of direction. These needs made up of individual social motive. N2 - 弗洛姆社会心理学思想主要表现在三大方面:自我的发展、社会人格和社会动机。弗洛姆分析自我的发展主要是沿着束缚→自由→再束缚→再自由的线索来进行的。他以辩证的眼光看待个体的自我发展进程,承认不管受到何种因素影响,个体终究要发展,而且其发展是不可逆的。社会人格是自我发展的最终结果,它决定着社会中个体的思想、感觉和行为。社会人格还受一定社会因素的影响。弗洛姆认为,个体在形成社会人格过程中面临种种需要,主要有:联系的需要、超越的需要、寻根的需要、认同的需要和定向的需要等五大方面。它们构成了个体的社会动机系统 Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Ping T1 - Fromm’s Care Ethics and Its Implications for Moral Education in Colleges [弗洛姆关爱伦理思想及其对高校德育工作的启示] JF - Journal of Hunan University of Science and Engineering [湖南科技学院学报], No. 12 (2014), pp. 80-82. N2 - 21世纪人类面临的最大挑战是来自道德伦理和价值观的挑战,我国高校德育工作一直常抓不懈,但效果不尽如人意。文章力图将弗洛姆关爱伦理思想与我国高校德育工作结合起来,从提高学生人文素养、营造校园关爱氛围和培养学生健全人格方面提出一些意见与建议。 N2 - Greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century is a challenge from the ethical and moral values, moral education in China has been unremittingly college, but the effect is not satisfactory. Fromm article trying to care ethics and moral education in Chinese universities combine to make some comments and suggestions to improve students from the humanities, to create atmosphere and caring campus students healthy personality aspects. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Ping T1 - Fromm’s Ethical Thinking of Care from the Perspective of Character and Moral Values [从品格学角度看弗洛姆关爱伦理思想的道德价值] JF - Journal of Changsha University [长沙大学学报], No. 3 (2012), pp. 67-69. N2 - 研究弗洛姆的关爱伦理思想,必须将伦理学和心理学结合起来。在其关爱伦理思想体系中,他将品格学注入对道德价值的阐释中,在深度和广度上都有所增益,极富特色。 N2 - Fromm caring ethical thinking ethics and psychology combined. System of caring ethical thinking, he character learn injected interpretation of moral values in the depth and breadth of the gain, full of character. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Qijie A1 - Wang, Jinwan T1 - On Fromm’s Psychological Critique of the Overall Dialectic Thinking [论弗洛姆心理批判的总体辩证法思想] JF - Journal of Northeast Agricultural University (Social Science Edition) [东北农业大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 3 (2015), pp. 92-96. N2 - 弗洛姆将马克思社会历史观和弗洛伊德精神分析学说进行整合,认为人的心理和情感不仅来源于个人的本能需要,还来源于人类存在的具体条件与外部环境。并试图通过人的社会结构和心理结构的双重变革,提出健全社会的构想。本文运用总体辩证法原则,剖析弗洛姆人道主义的心理与人格,并对西方资本主义社会的本位异化展开揭露与批判,期望社会达到人与自身、人与人、人与社会的真正统一。 N2 - Fromm Marx social history and Freud integrate theory that the psychological and emotional needs not only from individual instinct, but also from specific conditions of human existence and the external environment. And trying to change people through dual social structure and psychological structure, proposed the idea of a sound society. In this paper, the general principles of dialectics, analysis Fromm humanitarian psychology and personality, and the Western capitalist society based alienation expand to expose and criticize, it is desirable to reach people with their own society, people, people and society truly unified. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Quan A1 - et al., T1 - On the Essence of >Symbol Consumption< from >Brand Effect< [从>品牌效应<看>符号消费<本质] JF - China Newspaper Industry [中国报业], No. 14 (2017), pp. 16-18. N2 - 符号消费的本质是一种文化消费,是一种把消费与文化体验挂钩、标榜消费者个人或群体身份认同和社会地位的一种消费方式。本文从符号消费现象形成的时代原因、心理机制、消费弊端入手,分析如何应对符号消费,并借鉴弗洛姆和马尔库塞的观点以及自己的感悟,提出相关建议。 N2 - The essence of symbolic consumption is a kind of cultural consumption, which links consumption with cultural experience and flaunts consumers' individual or group identity and social status. This paper analyzes how to deal with symbolic consumption, starting from the reasons, psychological mechanisms and shortcomings of symbolic consumption, and makes suggestions based on Fromm's and Marcuse's viewpoints as well as our own perceptions. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Tianjuan T1 - The Rise and Fall of the Brodie Myth – Assessment of the Muriel Spark's Novel >The Young Miss Brodie< [布罗迪神话的兴衰 - 评缪丽尔•斯帕克的小说《布罗迪小姐的青春》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2005 [Application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - For the >mythmaker< novelist Muriel Spark, >The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie< is a myth of her creation, and Miss Jean Brodie in the novel also makes endeavor of her own in the mythmaking. This thesis is, by pointing out the predestining influence on it of the epic Paradise Lost, provides an analysis of the rise and fall of the Brodie myth in the novel as a dramatization of Muriel Spark's concern with the existential dichotomy intrinsic to the machinery of human fate and the glimmering of humanism shown through the novel, which conforms to Erich Fromm's theories of humanistic social analysis brought herein as a tentative approach facilitating literary interpretation. The first two chapters, though centering respectively on the two main characters, Miss Jean Brodie and Stranger Sandy, actually have the same gist within: both are the embodiment of human endeavor to unshackle the limitations intrinsic to destiny and instrumental to the existential dichotomy. However, difference in the agent of the endeavoring act, that is, in chapter one, Miss Jean Brodie's, and in the second chapter, Sandy's, defines the rise and the fall of the Brodie myth, main plot of the whole story. In Brodie's exercise of free will and power to achieve her identity and self-realization, the myth is formed, and when it is ripe for Sandy to wield her own freedom of choice, the myth is disenchanted. Therefore, these two processes intertwine with each other, unfolding the mechanism of the whole plot.– Chapter one proposes that the Brodie myth is for both Muriel Spark and simultaneously, for Miss Jean Brodie, and then there is a discussion of man's living conditions where there is a gap between an ideal life and a lived life. Erich Fromm's theory of human needs is employed, which offers further insight into man's existential dichotomy and the contingency he is bound to meet. Besides, his definition of character orientations is used to ease interpretation of the complex relationship of the characters in the novel, crucial to the basis of the rise of the Brodie myth. One with an exploitive orientation, Miss Brodie assumes satanic image, holding sway over both the Brodie set and her two lovers in the Macia Blaine School. On the part of the controlled, Mary is a paradigmatic one, representation of the receptive character orientation submissive to the authoritarianism of Miss Brodie, which reinforces Miss Brodie's unchecked power-wielding for her self -realization.– The second chapter focuses on Sandy Stranger's pursuit of identity and self-realization. She is the only one in the Brodie set who is not overwhelmed by Miss Brodie's domination. What is more, a perceptive mind enables her to >research< the reality and Miss Brodie in a new light, science, imagination and personal experiences being the instrument with which she cultivates a reasonable faith from an erroneous faith, a humanistic conscience from an authoritarian conscience. However, there are occasions of bewilderment for Sandy, reminiscent of Adam and Eve who aspire after knowledge about the formation of the Universe. Fromm's theory of faith and conscience forms the grounding for delineating Sandy's change, which is a simultaneous process to her position of antagonism to Miss Brodie, whose retire for fascist propaganda heralds the fall of a myth.– The third and last chapter is about the epiphany of the rise and fall of the Brodie myth for both the readers and for Sandy herself. With Miss Brodie's downfall and her conversion to the Catholicism, Sandy is still not free from an ambiguous situation. This ambiguity is examined with corroboration of Muriel Spark's experience in conversion, and Sandy's case is characteristic of one of the Sparkian morals – to know good from evil, same to Adam and Eve. Fromm's humanistic stance for man's freedom and potentiality is emphasized here, which conforms to Muriel Spark's intention with literary creation. For all the dichotomy Sandy is stuck in, there is glimmering of humanism shined with her potential for development, suggestive of the humanistic streak in Muriel Spark. The predestining influence of Paradise Lost finds voice in The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie<, with many prototypes in the paradise myth revisioned to take on enriched implications. The message revealed can be theoretically interpreted through Erich Fromm's humanistic social analysis, which provides insights on aspects such as human needs, character orientations, man's possibility and potentiality, and the like. The core of this theoretical system is to highlight humanism and a meaningful existence for individuals, which coincides with Muriel Spark's moral in this novel. This initiative to employ the humanistic social analysis for interpretation of a post-modernist novel does not prove to be fruitless. Much leaves to be done in terms of researches on either Muriel Spark's literary creation or Erich Fromm's theoretical system, the combination of which may turn out more fruitfully. Further study will merit the effort exerted up to now, and all the same, it might be hoped that a cross-disciplinary tentativeness, as has been explored by many forerunners, will ever shed light on a puzzled mind when facing literary works so compelling to the sensory yet, no less challenging to the intelligence. N2 - 缪丽尔•斯帕克善于创造文学神话,小说《布罗迪小姐的青春》即为一例。在小说中,主人公布罗迪小姐也试图创造自己的神话。本文力图以埃里希•弗罗姆关于人道主义社会的理论解析布罗迪神话的兴衰沉浮,同时指出史诗《失乐园》的>预定性<影响在本小说中的体现。由此,缪丽尔•斯帕克对人类生存困境的洞察力及其作品中折射出的人道主义光芒得以表达。论文第一、二章分别定位于小说中两个主要人物:布罗迪小姐和桑迪。前者是神话的制造者,而后者促成了神话的覆灭。这两章内在机制相同,展现的是人在追求自由与自我实现的过程中极力摆脱生存困境与不可抗因素的努力。情节在怀有相同意念却又是两相制约的行为人中展开,布罗迪的神话也历经了辉煌后的衰落。第一章以人类的生存状况为背景,着眼于人的生存二分律>此岸<与>彼岸<的距离和命运中的不可抗因素,运用弗罗姆关于人的需要及性格倾向的理论分析了布罗迪神话生成的缘由。为摆脱因被自然孤立所造成的离间状态,人在与他人的联系中寻求归属感,权威与附属关系由此而生。布罗迪小姐属剥削型倾向,以玛丽为典型的多数布罗迪帮成员则属接受型,这使得布罗迪小姐的弄权更加恣意妄为,魔幻般的影响延伸到布帮之外的两位男教员。同时,她乖戾的对传统教学的反叛也生发出撒旦般的双重性格特征。第二章以弗罗姆关于合理信仰与不合理信仰,权威主义良心与人道主义良心的理论为基础,剖析了桑迪在寻求自我实现的过程中通过信仰与良心的转变对布罗迪小姐成功的反向制约。这一反作用与布罗迪小姐本身固有的致命弱点的合力促成了布罗迪神话的幻灭。与此同时,桑迪对善与良知的渴望又使得亚当与夏娃的形象浮现读者眼前。第三章是顿悟,揭示桑迪由来已久,并一直持续到她皈依天主教之后的迷惘的根由,也印证了第二章中引用的弗罗姆关于权威内在化的理论。这其中有缪丽尔•斯帕克自身经历的影子,同样值得关注的是弥漫于小说中的天主教氛围,桑迪的皈依可视为是因恶而向善的例证。以弗罗姆人道主义的立场,人有充分潜能,在理智的引导下可以打破权威枷锁,赋予自身存在之意义。这又一次体现出《失乐园》结尾所传达的讯息:乐园既失,一个新的世界有待创造。 Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Tieyan T1 - Research on >Escape from Freedom< in Fromm's Thought [弗洛姆思想中的>逃避自由<研究]. Master thesis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China 2022. N2 - The formation of Erich Fromm’s thought of >Escape from freedom< is based on the inheritance and absorption of Marxism and Freud, on the one hand, Erich Fromm draws on Marxism’s social criticism and alienation theory to analyze the social psychological factors that give rise to escape from freedom, on the other hand, it draws on Freud’s psychoanalysis to analyze the individual psychological factors of escape from freedom, and combines the two. By analyzing the phenomenon of >Escape from freedom<, Erich Fromm points out the spiritual crisis of modern people’s existence and seeks to find ways to construct a sound society and a sound personality. Erich Fromm’s >Escape from freedom< was born out of the Protestant Reformation and the development of capitalism. The Protestant Reformation freed the individual from the constraints of God and the church, but when the individual lost the barriers of the church, he could not feel his place in the secular life. In the course of the development of capitalism, the individual gradually neglects the relation with the other because of the separation of the capitalist division of labor from the other, and the individual pays more attention to his own life, cause the loneliness of the heart. Both contribute to the instability of social organization structure and the unhealthy psychology of the individual, a phenomenon Erich Fromm calls >The duality of freedom<. In Erich Fromm’s view, the duality of freedom is one of the most important reasons for the >Escape from freedom<. Along with the development of capitalism, the idea of >Escape from freedom< took the form of authoritarianism, desire for destruction, and automaton conformity, which Erich Fromm believed had a negative effect on the individual, the psychological factors that gave birth to the Second World War. Since the end of the Second World War, the hidden dangers of Nazism have not been completely eliminated in modern society, and there is a democratic crisis in modern society due to the lack of >Sense of tragedy<. So Erich Fromm addresses the problems of the future by nurturing new people who re-exist and building new societies in which people develop as they are. With the further development of capitalism, industrial civilization does show new features different from the past, and the causes and manifestations of >Escape from freedom< have also changed accordingly. Such social phenomena as the disappearance of >Grand narrative< and >Systematic exploitation< of workers in the industrial civilized society show that the >individualization process< has been reconstructed under the new social situation, >Escape from freedom< is manifested by the further loss of individual identity and hostility from >The other<. Erich Fromm proposed to overcome alienated personality through creative activities, through the form of collective art to cultivate a sound personality, in order to deal with the >Escape from freedom<. By systematically combing Erich Fromm’s theory of >Escape from freedom< and combining it with his Marxist philosophy criticism of Erich Fromm, it can be seen that Erich Fromm’s critique of capitalism does not touch on the Base and political structure of capitalism, and that the basis for judging the soundness of society ignores the factor of productivity, and the >Love< which is used to construct people’s spiritual health has ideality and limitation. Therefore, only on the basis of Marxism and historical materialism, from the perspective of concrete practice, to carry out a critical study of Erich Fromm’s thought of >Escape from freedom<, can draw lessons from Erich Fromm’s thought, for the construction of a harmonious society to provide reference. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Wen T1 - The Dialectical Thinking of Fromm: Reason, Faith, Doubt - Based on the >Rational Belief< of the Year of the Character Orientation [基于创发性性格取向的>理性信仰<——浅析弗洛姆对理性、信仰、怀疑的辩证思考] JF - Zhejiang Social Sciences [浙江社会科学], No. 4 (2016), pp. 148-151. N2 - 对宗教、信仰的讨论是弗洛姆整体思想中的重要有机组成部分,但无论国内还是国外,有关这一主题的研究都存在较大局限。本文试图在考察弗洛姆思想发展脉络的基础上,借鉴国内信仰学的研究成果,运用>信仰主体——信仰行为——信仰客体<的动态逻辑框架系统重构弗洛姆相关理论,并将其置于伴随现代化进程而出现的>信仰危机<的历史背景下,通过横向与纵向比较发掘其理论之独特性,旨在为研究弗洛姆思想提供新的视角,也为当下社会信仰困境提供一定的启示。经历1926年放弃犹太教信仰与1937年扬弃正统弗洛伊德主义的两次思想转折后,弗洛姆形成无神论的>激进人道主义<思想,>人<成为弗洛姆研究宗教、信仰的逻辑起点和最终目的。>人的诞生<开始后,信仰主体作为一个处于自然、社会历史与生存两歧三个相互关联的维度中的身心、知情合一的人,其独特的多层次处境与生理-心理结构、机制,使其产生了追求生存意义、指向>谐一<的>x体验<,它在无意识层面构成了信仰的经验基础,其意识化与意识形态化都受到社会的制约,由于知性语言的社会过滤器作用和思虑作用,只有用普遍象征语言才能表达其丰富含义。信仰行为则是信仰主体对>x体验<的反应,不但是一种相信、信服的思想状态,更是信仰主体在具体的社会历史条件下全身心的、对自己生存答案的探索和践行。>同化过程<与>社会化过程<中形成的社会性格是信仰行为的基础。按照性格结构中创发性取向的多少,弗洛姆将信仰行为分为理性与分理性两种形式。弗洛姆将理性置于人格整体之中,剖析了理性、信仰、怀疑三者之间的辩证关系。理性信仰植根于人自己的体验,对自己思考力、观察力及判断力的了解与信赖,与理性怀疑相关联,它不仅体现在思考和判断领域,也体现在人的生活实践中。它促使人们怀着希望,进行一种持续的、积极的自我创造,有利于>人的诞生<。而非理性信仰是对某个神、某个人、某种思想或某种象征的盲目迷信,并非出于人自己的思想或情感的体验,而是以人对非理性权威的情感屈从和对现有意识形态的接纳为基础。如果社会宣扬的意识形态与社会性格之间具有差异,会造成人们思想与行为的分裂,形成>假信仰<现象。同时,弗洛姆还研究了自由意志与信仰选择的问题,作为温和决定论者,他为人们自由选择信仰的可能性留出了余地,并探讨了先知与禅师等理性权威的作用。信仰客体被弗洛姆视为>x体验<在不同社会历史文化结构中的概念系统呈现,按照>原始崇拜——母性人格神宗教——父性人格神宗教——理性一神论宗教——无神宗教——宗教消亡<的路线发展。在他看来,宗教演变是一个客观过程,与生产力水平、生产关系、人自身的心理状况、理性与情感能力等因素密切相关,并且在不同的阶段发挥着不同的历史功能,但这种发展并非后者取代前者的线性更迭,而是一种以某种宗教形态为主、显隐并存、进化和倒退交织并行的过程。根据社会条件所塑造的社会性格结构所导致的不同存在体验,弗洛姆将宗教分为权威主义和人道主义两种类型;根据它们对>人的诞生<的作用,分为积极和消极的宗教,但这些分类只是对其特征的分类,而不是对现实存在的宗教的分类,任何现存成体系宗教中,积极和消极、权威主义与人道主义均混合出现。最后,在呈现弗洛姆信仰理论的完整面貌后,本文指出了它的贡献与不足,并试图对其作出客观评价。 N2 - The discussion of religion and faith is an important organic part of Fromm's overall thought, but both domestic and foreign studies on this topic have great limitations. This paper attempts to reconstruct the relevant theories of Fromm on the basis of investigating the development of his thought and drawing on the research results of domestic faith studies, using the dynamic logical framework of >faith subject-faith act-faith object<, and placing them in the context of the accompanying >faith subject-faith act-faith object<. Against the historical background of the >crisis of faith< arising from the modernization process, this paper aims to explore the uniqueness of Fromm's theory through horizontal and vertical comparisons, in order to provide a new perspective for the study of his thought, as well as to provide some inspiration for the current dilemma of faith in society. After he abandoned the Jewish faith in 1926 and the orthodox Freudianism in 1937, Fromm developed his atheistic >radical humanism<, and >man< became the logical starting point and ultimate goal of Fromm's study of religion and belief. Since the >birth of man<, the subject of faith, as a human being who is in the three interrelated dimensions of nature, social history and existence, is in a unique multi-layered situation, physiological-psychological structure and mechanism, which leads him to the >x-experience< of pursuing the meaning of existence and pointing to >unity<. Because of the social filter and thought function of intelligible language, it can only be expressed in the universal symbolic language with its rich meaning. The act of faith is the response of the subject of faith to the >x-experience,< which is not only a state of mind of believing and being convinced, but also the subject of faith's wholehearted exploration and practice of the answer to his own existence under the specific social and historical conditions. The social character formed in the process of >assimilation< and >socialization< is the basis of faith behavior. According to the number of creative orientations in the personality structure, Fromm divides religious behavior into two forms: rational and irrational. Fromm places rationality in the personality as a whole and analyzes the dialectical relationship between rationality, faith and doubt. Rational faith is rooted in people's own experience, understanding and trust in their own thinking, observation and judgment, and is associated with rational doubt, which is not only reflected in the field of thinking and judgment, but also in the practice of human life. It not only manifests itself in the field of thinking and judgment, but also in the practice of human life. It encourages people to carry out a continuous and positive self-creation with hope, which is conducive to the >birth of man<. Irrational belief, on the other hand, is blind superstition about a god, a person, an idea or a symbol, which is not based on one's own thought or emotional experience, but on one's emotional submission to irrational authority and acceptance of the existing ideology. If there is a discrepancy between the ideology promoted by society and the social character, it will cause a split in people's thoughts and behaviors, resulting in the phenomenon of >false beliefs<. As a moderate determinist, he leaves room for people to freely choose their beliefs, and discusses the role of rational authorities such as prophets and Zen masters. The object of faith is regarded by Fromm as a conceptual system of >x-experience< in different socio-historical and cultural structures, which is presented according to the concept of >primitive worship - the religion of the maternal personality God - the religion of the paternal personality God - the religion of the paternal personality God. -Rational monotheistic religions - atheistic religions - the disappearance of religions<. In his view, the evolution of religion is an objective process closely related to factors such as the level of productive forces, relations of production, the psychological state of man himself, his rational and emotional capacities and other factors, and it performs different historical functions at different stages, but this development is not a linear change in which the latter replaces the former, but a process in which certain religious forms predominate, coexist both explicitly and implicitly, and in which evolution and regression are intertwined in parallel. Fromm classifies religions into authoritarian and humanist types, according to the different existential experiences that result from the structure of the social character shaped by social conditions; positive and negative religions, according to their role in the >birth of man<; but these classifications are only classifications of their characteristics, not of the religions that exist in reality, and in any existing system of religions, positive and negative, authoritarian and humanist. Humanism is a mixture of both. Finally, after presenting a complete picture of Fromm's theory of belief, the paper points out its contributions and shortcomings and tries to evaluate it objectively. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Wen T1 - On the Evolution of Fromm's Religious View [弗洛姆宗教观发展嬗变初探] JF - Psychology of Religion [宗教心理学], No. 0 (2019), pp. 17-28. N2 - 对宗教的研究是弗洛姆整体思想中的重要组成部分,在漫长的学术生涯中,他的思想经历过两次转折,使其宗教观在不同阶段的著作中呈现出较大的差异。本文试图在综合考虑弗洛姆生活背景和学术思想的基础上,勾勒出弗洛姆宗教观发展嬗变的脉络,并对其发展特点进行较为细致的探究。 N2 - The study of religion is an important part of Fromm's overall thought. In his long academic career, his thought has undergone two transitions, making his view of religion vary greatly in his writings at different stages. This article attempts to outline the development of Fromm's religious views and explore their characteristics in some detail, based on a comprehensive consideration of Fromm's life background and academic thought. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Wen T1 - A Study on Erich Fromm’s Theory of Faith [弗洛姆信仰理论研究], Doctoral dissertation, Foreign Philosophy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijang, China 2016. N2 - 对宗教、信仰的讨论是弗洛姆整体思想中的重要有机组成部分,但无论国内还是国外,有关这一主题的研究都存在较大局限。本文试图在考察弗洛姆思想发展脉络的基础上,借鉴国内信仰学的研究成果,运用>信仰主体——信仰行为——信仰客体<的动态逻辑框架系统重构弗洛姆相关理论,并将其置于伴随现代化进程而出现的>信仰危机<的历史背景下,通过横向与纵向比较发掘其理论之独特性,旨在为研究弗洛姆思想提供新的视角,也为当下社会信仰困境提供一定的启示。经历1926年放弃犹太教信仰与1937年扬弃正统弗洛伊德主义的两次思想转折后,弗洛姆形成无神论的>激进人道主义<思想,>人<成为弗洛姆研究宗教、信仰的逻辑起点和最终目的。>人的诞生<开始后,信仰主体作为一个处于自然、社会历史与生存两歧三个相互关联的维度中的身心、知情合一的人,其独特的多层次处境与生理-心理结构、机制,使其产生了追求生存意义、指向>谐一<的>x体验<,它在无意识层面构成了信仰的经验基础,其意识化与意识形态化都受到社会的制约,由于知性语言的社会过滤器作用和思虑作用,只有用普遍象征语言才能表达其丰富含义。信仰行为则是信仰主体对>x体验<的反应,不但是一种相信、信服的思想状态,更是信仰主体在具体的社会历史条件下全身心的、对自己生存答案的探索和践行。>同化过程<与>社会化过程<中形成的社会性格是信仰行为的基础。按照性格结构中创发性取向的多少,弗洛姆将信仰行为分为理性与分理性两种形式。弗洛姆将理性置于人格整体之中,剖析了理性、信仰、怀疑三者之间的辩证关系。理性信仰植根于人自己的体验,对自己思考力、观察力及判断力的了解与信赖,与理性怀疑相关联,它不仅体现在思考和判断领域,也体现在人的生活实践中。它促使人们怀着希望,进行一种持续的、积极的自我创造,有利于>人的诞生<。而非理性信仰是对某个神、某个人、某种思想或某种象征的盲目迷信,并非出于人自己的思想或情感的体验,而是以人对非理性权威的情感屈从和对现有意识形态的接纳为基础。如果社会宣扬的意识形态与社会性格之间具有差异,会造成人们思想与行为的分裂,形成>假信仰<现象。同时,弗洛姆还研究了自由意志与信仰选择的问题,作为温和决定论者,他为人们自由选择信仰的可能性留出了余地,并探讨了先知与禅师等理性权威的作用。信仰客体被弗洛姆视为> x体验<在不同社会历史文化结构中的概念系统呈现,按照>原始崇拜——母性人格神宗教——父性人格神宗教——理性一神论宗教——无神宗教——宗教消亡<的路线发展。在他看来,宗教演变是一个客观过程,与生产力水平、生产关系、人自身的心理状况、理性与情感能力等因素密切相关,并且在不同的阶段发挥着不同的历史功能,但这种发展并非后者取代前者的线性更迭,而是一种以某种宗教形态为主、显隐并存、进化和倒退交织并行的过程。根据社会条件所塑造的社会性格结构所导致的不同存在体验,弗洛姆将宗教分为权威主义和人道主义两种类型;根据它们对>人的诞生<的作用,分为积极和消极的宗教,但这些分类只是对其特征的分类,而不是对现实存在的宗教的分类,任何现存成体系宗教中,积极和消极、权威主义与人道主义均混合出现。最后,在呈现弗洛姆信仰理论的完整面貌后,本文指出了它的贡献与不足,并试图对其作出客观评价。 N2 - [The discussion around religion and faith is a crucial organic component of Erich Fromm’s thoughts, but both Chinese and western studies on this topic had their own limitations. This dissertation, take the evolution of Erich Fromm’s thought and the theories of domestic beliefology into account, tries constructing the theoretical system of Erich Fromm’s study on the religion and faith with a dynamic framework that is >subject of faith – practice of faith – object of faith<, and places it into the historical background of >faith crisis< which is emerging in the progress of modernization, in order to figure out its distinctiveness through the horizontal and vertical comparison. On one hand, that would offer a new perspective of interpretating Fromm’s thought, and on the other hand, bring the inspiration of solving the problem of faith in present society as a stone from the other hill. The atheistic >radical humanism< had been formed after Fromm’s two transitions of thought, which are his giving up Judaism in 1926 and sublating of the orthodox Freudianism in 1937, so human became the logical starting point and the final purpose of Fromm’s study on religion and faith. Since >man’s birth< begins, as a man who is an unity of body and mind, knowledge and emotion, the subject of faith is living in a situation composed of three interdependent dimensions: the natural dimension, the social and historical dimension and the existential contradictions dimension. Therefore, >x-experience< that pursued the significance of life and pointed to the >ONE< stems from the unique situation and physiological-psychological structure and mechanism of human. Being the experiential basis of faith in one’s unconsciousness, its consciouslization and ideologicalization are restricted by society. Only can the symbolic language express its abundant implication due to the social filter effect and the cerebration of intellectual language. Practice of faith is the subject’ s response to his >x-experience<, not only a mind state of believing and conviction, but also an exploration and practice of subject of faith with all his heart and soul for his own solution to the existential problem in the concrete social and historical conditions. The social character molded in the assimilating process and the associating process is the foundation of the practice of faith. Fromm divided the practice of faith into two sorts: rational and irrational, according to the proportion of productive orientation in the character structure. He analyzes the dialectic relationship between reason, faith and doubt by placing reason into the whole personality to. The rational faith roots from one’s understanding and trusting of his own experience, his ability to think, observe and judge, in conformity with the rational doubt. It is embodied not both in the one’s thinking and judging process and in every action of his daily life. Also, it prompts human to be self-creating continuously with hope, and that is helpful to >man’s birth<. On the contrary, irrational faith is a blindly worship to a God, a person, a thought or a symbol, stemming from the submission to a irrational authority and the reception to the leading ideology instead of one’s own experience of thinking or feeling. If there’s a gap between the popular ideology and the main social character, one’ s mind and behavior would fight against each other, so the fake faith arises. Meanwhile, Fromm discussed the freewill and the choice of faith. As a soft determinist, he admits the possibility of choosing faith, and discusses the function of rational authority such as prophets and Zen master. Object of faith is considered as the appearance of the conceptualized system of >x-experience< in different social historical cultural structure by Fromm. The track of their development would be >primary totems worship – matriarchal anthropomorphic God religion – patriarchal anthropomorphic God religion – rational mono¬theism religion – atheism religion – the end of religion<. Fromm holds that the evolution of religion is a objective process influenced by productive forces and relations, man’ s mental conditions and the capabilities of reason and sentiment, and the function of each type of religion changes in different historical period. Nevertheless, the development of religion is not a latter-replacing-former linear course, but a complicated process that a type of religion dominates while the others still exists inconspicuously, with both the progress and the degeneration. According to the experience caused by the social character structure which has been molded by the social conditions, Fromm divides all religions into authoritarian and humanistic religion, and according to their affect to >man’s birth<, progressive and negative religion, but that’s not the classification to the real religion, but to its features, for in any real religion, the authoritarianism and the humanism is mixed together.– Finally, this dissertation tries to point out the contribution as well as the deficiency of Fromm’s theory of faith on the base of elaborating and interpreting it thoroughly. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Xiaomei T1 - Interpretation of Zhang Ailing’s >Cao Qiqiao< from Fromm's Theory of Personality and Personality Type Theory [从弗洛姆的人格理论和性格类型理论看张爱玲笔下的曹七巧形象 ] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Anhui Literature (The Second Half)[安徽文学(下半月)], No. 9 (2009), pp. 75-76. N2 - 张爱玲的《金锁记》着力表现的是市民出身的姜家二少奶奶曹七 巧悲剧的一生。病态的社会和低下的家庭出身是她人格变异的根本原因,她是施虐狂和破坏狂,她对人心存疑虑,是弗洛姆关于性格类型理论中的典型的>贮藏型< 形象,本文试图以弗洛姆的人格理论和性格类型理论来分析曹七巧形象,以揭示曹七巧人生悲剧的真正原因。 N2 - Zhang Ailing [Eileen Chang] >Golden Lock< focus on the performance is the public origin jiangjia second soul mate Cao Qiqiao tragedy life. Sick society and poor family background is the root cause of the variation of her personality, she is sadistic and destruction mad, her doubts about Fromm on the theory of personality type in the typical >storage type< image. This paper attempts to Fromm's theory of personality and personality type theory to analyze Cao Qiqiao, to reveal the tragedy real reason of Cao Qiqiao life. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Yingqi T1 - Alienation in Raymond Carver’s Short Fictions [雷蒙德•卡佛短篇小说中的异化], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2014. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 雷蒙德•卡佛是美国现代短篇小说家,其写作风格继承海明威的简洁,又更进一步发扬语言简短精悍、少描写多省略的特色,被许多文学批评者称为>美国极简主义小说之父<。卡佛笔下的许多人物和他自己一样,寡言少语、独来独往、家庭不和、失业酗酒。这类人物的命运往往反映了一个相似的主题,而批评家们多着眼于卡佛独特的叙事风格而忽略了这些短篇作品的共同主题,尤其是异化这个主题,值得进一步的深入挖掘和研究。无论是在文学层面还是在哲学层面,异化都不是一个新概念。这个概念在不同时代不同国家经不同人阐释获得了不同的含义。本文主要借助埃里希•弗罗姆对马克思异化理论的阐释和延伸,试图说明异化是雷蒙德•卡佛许多短篇小说中的一个共同主题。本文主要选取了六个短篇小说文本进行分析,这些文本比较能体现异化这个主题,并且能分别体现三种异化的形式:《小心》和《保鲜》体现了人与自我存在之间关系的异化,异化了的人被人类创造出来的东西所束缚,失去了>人性<,被物化成了没有自我意识的物体;《盒子》和《你在旧金山做什么?》体现了人与社区/团体之间关系的异化,颠沛流离的生活成了个人与群体疏远的客观和表面原因,然而真正导致人与人之间关系异化的是利己主义价值观影响下,人与人之间人性化的自然交往被目的性取代,金钱、工作反过来支配了人,扭曲了人的意识和人际关系;以及《车厢》和《小屋》中体现出的人的异化与外在环境之间的联系,异化了的人通常并没有意识到这种异化的状态,常常试图以脱离熟悉的环境寻求解脱的方式来解决生活中碰到的问题,然而却因为某件事在某个瞬间顿悟,对短暂逃离的希望破灭,只能又继续回到机械的生活当中去。 N2 - Raymond Clevie Carver Jr. (May 25, 1938 – August 2,1988) is a major writer of the late 20th century and part of the major force in the revitalization of the American short fiction in the1980s. Being noted as the most influential American short storywriter after Hemingway by some critics, Carver has a distinctive writing style characterized by terse language, great usage of short simple sentences, dialogue and a large amount of ellipsis and omission. Many characters in his short stories, like himself, suffered from unhappy marriage, - nemployment and alcoholism. Lives of these characters tend to reflect a similar theme >Alienation<. While most critics paid great attention to Carver’s unique narration, few have noticed the common theme of these stories. Alienation is not a new concept either in literature or in philosophy. It has different implications at different times and under different interpretations. - This thesis attempts to prove that alienation is an important theme in many short stories written by Carver, with Erich Fromm’s interpretation and extension of Marx’s alienation theory as the theoretical background. The author of this thesis chose six stories written by Carver for analysis. These stories reflected alienation theme and represent three different patterns of alienation. >Careful< and >Preservation< reflected people’s alienation from themselves and their existences; >Boxes< and >What do you do in San Francisco?< reflected man’s alienation from others;>The Compartment< and >The Cabin< reflected the connection between men and the external environment around them. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Yu T1 - Mary: A Victim of Social Unconsciousness –Interpretation of >The Grass Is Singing< According to Fromm [玛丽:一个社会无意识的受害者——《野草在歌唱》的弗洛姆式解读] JF - Journal of Wenshan University [文山学院学报], No. 5 (2015), pp. 82-86. N2 - 多丽丝·莱辛所著的《野草在歌唱》一直是国内外文学评论家关注的焦点。从弗洛姆的心理学理论入手,重新审视文中玛丽的悲剧根源,并认为玛丽死于社会无意识所带来的社会压抑。最终得出一个结论,即社会无意识对于每一个社会成员的性格、命运及生活中的方方面面都发挥着重要的影响。 N2 - Doris Lessing's book >The Grass Is Singing< has been the focus of literary critics at home and abroad. Starting from Fromm's theory of psychology, re-examine the root cause of Mary's tragedy in the text, and think that Mary died of social depression brought by social unconsciousness. In the end, it is concluded that social unconsciousness plays an important role in the personality, destiny and every aspect of life of every member of society. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Yuying T1 - On Fromm's Theory of Interpretation of Dreams JF - Journal of Anhui University of Technology (Social Sciences Edition) [安徽工业大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 1 (2008), pp.70-71. N2 - Fromm has unique discovery in the field of psychological analysis and treatment. His theory of interpreting dreams is not only the revision of Freud's theory, but surpasses a lot of previous theories. Fromm attaches much importance to the analysis and understanding of symbolic language. His system of interpreting dreams includes rich dialectical factors, which basically shakes the theory of Freud >Oedipus complex<. N2 - 弗罗姆在精神分析和心理治疗领域内有独特发现,他的释梦理论不仅仅是对弗洛伊德理论的修正,并且在许多方面都有超越。弗罗姆高度重视对象征语言的分析和理解,他的释梦体系包含着丰富的辨证因素,他提出的理论从根本上动摇了弗洛伊德的>俄狄浦斯情结<说。 Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Zhicheng T1 - An Analysis of the Beats in >On the Road< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Freedom Theory in >Escape from Freedom< [《在路上》垮掉分子的逃避自由机制分析 — 从弗罗姆自由理论视角] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Jimei University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) [集美大学学报(哲学社会科学版)], No. 2 (2014), pp. 103-107. N2 - 许多研究者认为,小说《在路上》的垮掉分子们几近疯狂的生活体现了他们对精神自由的追求。然而,从弗罗姆自由理论视角来看,垮掉分子们在面对现代自由的时候都选择了逃避。为了逃避现代自由给个人带来的无能为力感,他们诉诸于爵士乐、酒精和性,试图以此狂欢方式来实现对自己的破坏欲。但是,这种方式未能使人真正克服孤独、焦虑状态。相反,狂欢消耗着他们的精力和体力,并将最终导致他们走向死亡。 N2 - Many researchers of >On the Road< tend to hold that the nearly crazy life of the beats in the novel embodies their pursuit of spiritual freedom. However, from the perspective of Erich Fromm’s theory on freedom, it is discovered that the beats, intending to escape the feeling of insignificance and insecurity brought about by modern freedom, resort to destructiveness through carnival actualized by their indulgence in jazz, alcohol and sex. It is also found that carnival fails to free the beats from the feeling of isolation and insignificance. Instead, carnival consumes all their energy and may ultimately lead to their death. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Zunmin T1 - Exploring the Way Out of Freedom from the Views of Berlin and Fromm [伯林与弗洛姆的自由观探自由之出路] JF - Present and Future [今古文创], No. 3 (2022), pp. 44-46. N2 - 伯林与弗洛姆将自由区分为积极自由与消极自由。两人对积极自由与消极自由之基本含义界定大体一致,但是其含摄范围与致思路径并不相同,由此,其倾向性与侧重点也就全然不同。伯林从保障政治权利的立场出发,认为消极自由保证人的自由行动领域不被干涉,更值得争取;弗洛姆出于对人的本质力量发展的考量,认为实现积极自由才是目的。事实上,伯林的消极自由争取当下的政治权利,弗洛姆的积极自由则更关注人本质力量的长远发展和全面发展,而眼前目标和长远目标同样不可偏废。 N2 - Berlin and Fromm distinguish between positive and negative freedom. The basic meanings of positive and negative liberties are generally the same, but their scope and approach are not the same, so their tendencies and focus are also different. From the standpoint of guaranteeing political rights, Berlin believes that negative liberty is worth fighting for because it guarantees the non-interference in the sphere of free action of human beings, while Fromm believes that the realization of positive liberty is the goal out of the consideration of the development of the essential power of human beings. In fact, while Berlin negative liberty strives for political rights in the present, Fromm's positive liberty is more concerned with the long-term and comprehensive development of man's essential powers, and the immediate and long-term goals cannot be neglected. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 12/2021] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Dai T1 - >The Way of the World< and >The Human Heart< – Diagnosis, Treatment and Healing Accor¬ding to Fromm [世道<与>人心< – 弗洛姆的诊断、治疗和拯救], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2012. N2 - 在弗洛姆看来,异化既是>世道<的病态,也是>人心<的病态。马克思是针对>世道<病态的人道抗议者,劳动异化本质上是人性异化和非人化,而马克思的目标是人的自由和解放。弗洛伊德是针对>人心<病态的人道关怀者,异化亦是心理的异化,表现为原欲的压抑和疏离的体验,因此人的解放亦是人心的解放。弗洛姆对异化的社会病理诊断,是从人性世界的精神诊断入手的。人性是善恶同体的。从个体性格看,爱生、爱人和独立性是积极的品质,爱死、自恋和乱伦固结是消极的品质。从社会性格看,创生倾向、成长综合症等是积极的品质,非创生倾向、衰败综合症等是消极的品质。弗洛姆对异化的社会治疗方案,包括了从>世道<到>人心<的各个维度和层面:消除人性的异化,满足人的需求,包括爱、自由及自我实现的需求等,是治疗的人道目标,这个目标通过培养健全的人格和建构健全的社会来共同完成。弗洛姆的拯救,是把爱作为一种伦理原则和一种信仰:人的世界应该是爱的世界,爱既是对人的信任,也是一种积极的自由。爱是一种艺术,需要克服个人的自恋,发展谦卑,需要客观性和理性以及培养他生性。弗洛姆启示我们:人性是一个既包括自然属性又包括社会属性,既包括理性又包括感性,既包括意识又包括无意识的多维度、多层面的范畴,>以人为本<应以这个人性范畴为本,而>和谐社会<的建设,也应该包括从>世道<到>人心<的多个维度和多个层面,是系统性的和整合性的。 N2 - For Fromm, alienation is both the pathology of the >way of the world< and the pathology of the >human heart<. Marx was a hu-mane protestor against the pathology of the >way of the world<, and the alienation of labor is essen-tially the alienation and dehumanization of humanity, while Marx's goal is the freedom and liberation of human beings. Freud was a humanist caring for the pathology of the human heart, and alienation is also psychological alienation, manifested in the experience of suppression and alienation of origi-nal desires, so the liberation of the human heart is also the liberation of the human heart. Fromm's socio-pathological diagnosis of alienation begins with the spiritual diagnosis of the world of human nature. Human nature is both good and evil in the same body. In terms of individual character, love of life, love of people and independence are positive qualities, while love of death, narcissism and incest fixation are negative qualities. In terms of social personality, generative tendencies and growth syndrome are positive qualities, and non-generative tendencies and decay syndrome are negative qualities. Fromm's social therapy program for alienation includes all dimensions and levels from >the way of the world< to >the human heart<: the elimination of human alienation and the satisfaction of human needs, including the need for love, freedom and self-actualization, are the humane goals of therapy. The development of a sound personality and the construction of a sound society come together to accomplish this. Fromm's salvation is love as an ethical principle and a belief: that the world of man should be a world of love, and that love is both a trust and a positive freedom. Love is an art that requires the overcoming of personal narcissism, the development of humility, objectivity and rational-ity as well as the cultivation of otherness. Fromm reveals to us that human nature is a multi-dimensional and multi-faceted category that includes both natural and social attributes, both rational and emotional, both conscious and unconscious, and that >people-oriented< should be based on this category of human nature, while >a harmonious society< should be based on this category of human nature. It should also include multiple dimensions and levels, from >the way of the world< to >the human heart<, in a systematic and integrated manner. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Fulei T1 - Searching for a Sense of Belonging in the City: Based on the Analytical Perspective of Fromm's >Human Alienation< [找寻城市归属感:基于弗洛姆>人性异化<的分析视角] JF - Journal of Anqing Teachers College (Social Science Edition) 安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版), No. 5 (2016), pp. 128-131. N2 - 城市本应让生活更美好,但是城市的人们却倍感人情冷漠、精神空虚、孤独寂寞,很难融入城市,没有城市归属感。造成城市归属感缺失的原因主要是社会分工引起的个体交往分散化、市场经济制度与货币化对人个性的消磨、城市人口独特性对精神生活的影响、城市社区类型转变造成的社会资本下降、时空分离导致的不安全感、现代化造成的人性异化。弗洛姆的>人性异化<和>生产型人格<理论为找寻城市归属感提供了有益借鉴,可通过塑造共同想象力,促进自由人的自由联合来找寻城市归属感。 N2 - Cities should make life better, but people in cities feel indifferent, spiritually empty, lonely and isolated, which makes it difficult for them to integrate into the city and have no sense of belonging. The main reasons for the lack of a sense of belonging in cities are the decentralization of individual interactions caused by the social division of labor, the erosion of human personality by the market economic system and monetization, the influence of the uniqueness of the urban population on spiritual life, the decline of social capital caused by the transformation of urban community types, the insecurity caused by the separation of time and space, and the alienation of human nature caused by modernization. Fromm's theory of >human alienation< and >productive personality< provides a useful reference for finding a sense of belonging to the city by shaping a common imagination and promoting the free association of free people. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Guang T1 - Love, let us find ourselves, find each other and find people [爱,让我们找到自己 发现对方发现人] [application of Fromm's theories of art] JF - Shanghai Art Review [上海艺术评论], No.1 (2020), pp. 79-80. N2 - 在上海美琪大戏院上演的《百花亭赠剑》,作为第21届中国上海国际艺术节的参演剧目,主打>现代美学理念引领的粤剧<,就是毛俊辉2014年至2016年担任香港演艺学院戏曲学院院长的>教学成果<。我在演出前,于上海的香港广场与72岁的毛俊辉因《百花亭赠剑》而重逢,他依然对我说:>《百花亭赠剑》还是围绕弗洛姆的《爱的艺术》展开 … N2 - Presented at Shanghai's Maggie's Theatre as part of the 21st China Shanghai International Arts Festival, >The Sword in the Pavilion of a Hundred Flowers< is >a Cantonese opera with a modern aesthetic<, the >fruit of Mao Junhui's teaching< as Director of the School of Xiqu at the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts from 2014 to 2016. When I reunited with the 72-year-old Mao Junhui for >The Gift of the Sword at the Pavilion of a Hundred Flowers< at the Hong Kong Plaza in Shanghai before the show, he still told me, >The Gift of the Sword at the Pavilion of a Hundred Flowers is still based on Fromm's >The Art of Loving> ... [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Mengjuan T1 - An Analysis of Holden in Cages from the Perspective of >The Sane Society< [>健全的社会<视角下解析牢笼中的霍尔顿], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2017. N2 - 姆•大卫•塞林格于1951年出版《麦田里的守望者》,一举成名,被誉为>当代风格独特的文学天才>;与此同时,该书被美国文学界公认为美国文学中的>现代经典<之一。该小说以二战后的美国为时代背景,当时美国物质生活极大丰富,人民的精神生活却是一片荒原,纸醉金迷的社会特征致使主人公霍尔顿对这虚伪的社会深恶痛疾。人本主义精神分析代表人物艾里希•弗洛姆融合了马克思的人本学说和弗洛伊德精神分析理论,提出社会像人一样,有性格特征并且会生病。人有病态的性格存在,社会也有病态的、不健全的性格存在。在虚伪世界和精神荒原并存的社会中,不健全的社会性格不仅导致>垮掉的一代<成了美国50年代的代名词,也成为《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的牢笼,导致了霍尔顿精神世界的压抑、孤独和焦虑。为保持精神健全,霍尔顿必须挣脱这牢笼。本文基于弗洛姆的社会性格和关联需求理论,解析霍尔顿深陷于不健全社会性格的牢笼并踏上挣脱牢笼的三天情感关联旅程。全文共分五章:引言介绍了作者塞林格和小说《麦田里的守望者》,并且综述了小说的国内外研究现状;第二章概述艾里希•弗洛姆的>健全的社会性格<和>爱的关联<理论;第三章从盈利的社会、虚伪的世界和异化的人性三方面入手,详细探讨霍尔顿深陷于不健全社会性格的牢笼里;第四章从母爱、性爱和友爱三方面,着重探讨霍尔顿挣脱了不健全社会性格的牢笼;第五章得出结论,霍尔顿在虚伪腐化的世界里,通过与妹妹菲比建立爱的联系,感悟到他心中驻留已久的童真和快乐,最终冲破不健全社会性格的牢笼,不仅改变了自身孤独困苦的精神状态,也改变了看待世界的方式。并由小说世界推至现实社会,鼓励人们在当下社会中用友爱的方式去塑造健全的社会性格,用爱去关联这个社会。 N2 - In 1951, >The Catcher in the Rye<, was published in North America, and its author J. D. Salinger became famous overnight and was hailed as the unique contemporary literary genius. At the same time, this novel was regarded as one of the modern canons by American literature. The background of this novel was the United States which had already become a powerfully political, economic and military country after the Second World War. Even though people at that moment enjoyed a rich material life, they suffered from spiritual wasteland to a large degree. The luxury and dissipation life made the protagonist Holden detest the phony world. Erich Fromm, a famous representative of the Humanistic Psychoanalysis, combined Marxist Humanistic Theory and Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory, and announced that a society could have a character and be sick just like a human being. Thus, men could have neuroses and insane character, and a society could have social neurosis and the insane social character as well. The coexistence of the spiritual wasteland and the phony world made the generation in the fifties be labeled as the Beat Generation, and also became cages for Holden Caulfield in >The Catcher in the Rye<. These cages made Holden feel repressed, lonely and anxious. Therefore, to maintain his sane character, Holden must break cages which were caused by the insane social character. Hence, on the basis of the theory of the Social Character and Relatedness with Love, the dissertation aims to analyze Holden’s struggling in cages of the insane social character and breaking cages with love through his three-day wandering in New York. This dissertation contains five chapters. The introduction is about J. D. Salinger’s, >The Catcher in the Rye<, and literature review on this novel. The second chapter introduces Erich Fromm’s theory of the social character and the relatedness with love, and the third chapter aims to analyze Holden’s struggling in cages of the insane society from three aspects – the acquisitive society, the phony world and the alienated interpersonal relationship. The fourth chapter analyzes the explicit way of Holden’s breaking cages of the insane society from three aspects in sequence – motherly love, erotic love, and brotherly love. The fifth chapter draws a conclusion that Holden broke cages of the insane social character by establishing the union with his sister Phoebe in this phony world and feeling innocence and love which resided in his heart long time ago. Holden not only changed his depressed mental state, but also changed the way to look at the world. From the novel to the reality, this paper also encourages people to establish the sane social character by brotherly love and to relate this society through love. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Min T1 - On Fromm’s Theory of Consumer Alienation [论弗洛姆的消费异化理论], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2013. N2 - 弗洛姆认为,现代资本主义社会已经由>生产时代<发展到>消费时代<,异化也由原来的>劳动异化<深化为>消费异化<。>消费异化<是现代资本主义特有的产物,它的产生有深刻的社会根源和人性的根源。处在消费异化中的人变成了一台贪婪的消费机器。他们是商品,没有思想和情感,没有尊严和人格,也没有民主和自由。他们生活在资本主义社会编织的一个又一个谎言中,屈于匿名的权威而不自知,还以为自己是独立、有个性、有自由的幸福的人。此外,消费异化还给现代人带来了严重的毁灭性的生存危机。弗洛姆为人的这种消费异化境遇感到非常担忧。为了人类的生存和人类的真正幸福,他对消费异化的种种表现进行深刻揭示,并力图寻找一条扬弃消费异化阳光大道,建立一个健全社会。他认为,要实现这个目标就必须从经济、政治、文化及人的心理层面几个方面进行全面地改革。为此,他从这几个方面提出了一套扬弃异化的方案。弗洛姆对资本主义社会的异化现象的分析是很深刻和细致的,象一把利刃直入资本主义社会的心脏。他的理论不仅为社会心理和社会性格的分析给理论研究提供一个独特的视角,也为我们如何建立一个和谐的社会提供有益的启示,贡献是显著的。 N2 - Fromm believes that the modern capitalist society has developed from the >production era< to the >consumption era<, and the alienation has also been deepened from the original >labor alienation< to >consumption alienation.< >Consumption alienation< is a unique product of modern capitalism. It has profound social roots and roots of human nature. The person in the alienation of consumption has become a greedy consumer machine. They are commodities, have no thoughts and feelings, no dignity and personality, and no democracy or freedom. They live in one lie that is woven by the capitalist society, and they succumb to the authority of anonymity without knowing it. They also think that they are independent, individualized, free and happy people. In addition, consumption alienation has brought a serious and devastating crisis of survival to modern people. Fromm is very worried about this kind of consumption alienation situation. For the survival of mankind and the true happiness of mankind, he profoundly revealed the various manifestations of consumption alienation, and tried to find a way to abandon the alienation of consumption and establish a sound society. He believes that to achieve this goal, it must be comprehensively reformed from the economic, political, cultural and human psychological aspects. To this end, he proposed a set of plans to abandon alienation from these aspects. Fromm's analysis of the alienation of capitalist society is profound and meticulous, like a sharp edge into the heart of capitalist society. His theory not only provides a unique perspective for theoretical research for the analysis of social psychology and social character, but also provides useful inspiration for how to build a harmonious society. The contribution is remarkable. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Rui T1 - On the Contradictions of Human Nature in Yu Hua's Literary Work [论余华文学作品中的人性矛盾] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Business [商], No. 46 (2015), pp. 133, 120. N2 - 余华关注于文明遮挡下的原始人性,通过零度感情的笔触对暴力和死亡的描写,反映了生存的荒诞性和生命的坚韧,折射出人性的种种可能,本文通过弗洛姆的人性理论对余华作品中呈现的原生态人性进行分析梳理,以新的视角,由人性切入,对余华作品进行重新审视 ] N2 - Yu Hua focuses on the primitive humanity hidden by civilization. Through the zero-degree emotional brushstrokes, the description of violence and death reflects the absurdity of survival and the tenacity of life, and reflects the various possibilities of human nature. This article uses Fromm's theory of human nature to discuss Yu Hua. The original ecological human nature presented in the works is analyzed and combed, and Yu Hua’s works are re-examined from a new perspective and cut from human nature. [Automatic translation Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Xia T1 - On Humanistic Thoughts of Teachers and Its Inspiration to Chinese Teacher Education, Master thesis [论人本主义教师观及其对我国教师教育的启示], Principles of Pedagogy, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 2007. N2 - Humanistic Co-educational thought has been the academic hot topic in our country these years, and especially has attracted widespread attention in the educational theories. Especially, its discussion on the teachers plays an important inspiration in the development and reformation of teacher education of our country. Based on lots of reference materials and documents, this research is carried out by the methods of theoretical studies, comparisons and educational investigation, systematically clarifying the humanistic notions of teacher and the inspiration on teacher education. The dissertation is composed of three parts. The first part analyzes the theoretical background of the research, then put forward the issue that the dissertation is to deal with.– The second part probes into the basic connotation and theory origin and analyzes the revelational significance. In this part, the author chooses three representative humanistic psychologists Carl R. Rogers, A. H Maslow, E. Fromm to introduce their teacher idea, pointing out that the teacher who is considered by humanists is a self-actualization, creative and personality person, who should be sincere to their students and trusting them. A teacher should be a facilitator who is able to lay down a cooperation-system with students; meanwhile the thesis discusses about the main methods of training teachers.– The third chapter emphasizes the inspiration Humanistic educational thought brings to our national development of teacher education. For example, the aim of teacher education should be more humanistic, and more attention should be paid to future teachers, etc. In a word, this thesis intends to attract more attention to make our teacher education more humanistic. [Author’s translation] N2 - 人本主义教育思想是近年来学术界的热点话题,受到教育理论界的广泛关注。特别是它关于教师方面的论述对我国教师教育的发展和改革有着重要的启示。本文研究的主要内容是人本主义的教师观及其对我国教师教育的启示。全文分为三部分:第一章阐述了本文研究的理论背景以及问题提出的意义。第二章分析了人本主义的内涵、理论渊源、产生的理论基础及社会根源,并分析了它的启示意义;在此基础上分别选取了三位具有代表性的人本主义心理学家弗洛姆、马斯洛和罗杰斯,阐述了他们的教师观,即教师应是一个能自我实现的人、有创造性及有个性的人;对学生真实,认可、承认、信任学生,对学生能够作移情性理解;他是一个促进者,能与学生建立起>融洽型<的师生关系;同时还论述了人本主义教师培训的主要方式。第三章主要讨论人本主义教师观对我国教师教育发展的启示:如教师教育的培养目标应人本化;加强对未来教师人文素养的培养;培养自我充分实现的教师;构建人性化的教师继续教育模式等等,最终使我们的教师教育走向人本化。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Xia A1 - He, Qizong T1 - Humanistic View of Teacher [人本主义的教师观] JF - Education Research Monthly [教育学术月刊], No. 10 (2009), pp. 6-9. N2 - The school of humanistic psychology has published many unique and valuable views on teachers, which are of great significance to the reform and development of teacher education in China. The article analyzes the views of Fromm, Maslow, Rogers and other humanistic psychologists on the role of teachers, teacher quality and teacher education, and reveals the implications of their views on teachers to the development of teacher education in China. [Automatic translation] N2 - 人本主义心理学流派在教师问题上发表了许多独到而有价值的观点,这些观点对我国教师教育的改革与发展具有重要的启示意义。文章分析了弗洛姆、马斯洛和罗杰斯等人本主义心理学家的教师角色观、教师素质观和教师教育观,揭示了他们的教师观对我国教师教育发展的启示 Y1 - 2009 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Yanyan T1 - The Bitterness of Being Free. An Attempt to >Sharpen< the Interpretation by Fromm’s Theory of Human Nature [自由之痛 - 试以弗洛姆的人性理论解读《磨砺》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2011 [Application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - Margaret Drabble (b. 1939), who has won wide acclaim in the contemporary literary world, is considered among the most accomplished British writers of the postwar period. Since her debut in 1963, she has published a total of seventeen novels to date. Margaret Drabble is always concerned with the process of contemporary women’s spiritual growth, their psychological experience and their state of subsistence in order to help them seek new self value and social status. While achieving international renown as a novelist, Margaret Drabble has also established an impressive reputation as a biographer, critic and editor. The main themes of Margaret Drabble’s novels are principally about the predicaments of well-educated women, these including their domestic life, child rearing, balance between career and family, and marital problems. In her novels, Drabble never ceases from exploring the inner life of contemporary women who attempt to seek self-actualization and social recognition. However, Drabble’s most recent fiction is heavily salted with social consciousness as she has continued to expand her focus from the concerns of middle-class female intellectuals to a variety of political and moral dilemmas within the broader background of contemporary Britain. >The Millstone<, the third novel written by Margaret Drabble, published in 1965, is the story of a young academic who encounters various difficulties as an unmarried mother in 1960s Britain. The book brought Drabble the John Llewelyn Rhys Prize and in 1969 was adapted for cinema in America as A Touch of Love. Rosamund, the protagonist of the novel, is a refreshingly honest portrait of a female doctoral candidate in her twenties who lives in London. She is an independent and successful intellectual, and simultaneously an unmarried mother. However, Rosamund’s freedom and independence are achieved at the cost of abstinence and self-isolation. A brief survey of criticism of >The Millstone< shows that some research on the work has been conducted from the perspective of feminism and some has focused upon the writing techniques employed within. The research which concerns the philosophy of life or values of the protagonist mainly places stress on the positive attributes of the protagonist’s way of living with only a few touches on its limitations. In other words, there is still room for systematic and profound investigation on such issues as the protagonist’s obstinate pursuit of freedom at the cost of true love or on viable routes towards her true self-actualization not only as a woman but also as a human being. The interpretation of The Millstone with reference to the humanistic psychoanalytic theory remains almost undeveloped. Taking Drabble’s masterpiece The Millstone as a case study, this thesis aims to make a more systematic exploration of the author’s efforts to present women’s dilemmas in modern life and to explore practicable approaches to their self-actualization. Specifically, based on a detailed study of the protagonist’s spiritual evolution, and with reference to Erich Fromm’s psychoanalytic theory of human nature, the author of this paper attempts to analyze the protagonist’s obstinate way of pursuing freedom by comparing her spiritual states before and after she becomes a mother; to probe into the nature of her intransigent way of thinking; and finally to discuss the feasibility of the protagonist, as well as of people of the modern era as a whole, in achieving true self-actualization through a life lived in freedom but not in isolation from others. To expound the argument raised by the author of this thesis, three chapters are devoted to the interpretation and discussion of the story, in addition to the introduction and conclusion.– The first chapter elaborates on the ambiguous nature of freedom that is manifested in the protagonist’s life. It is divided into two sections. The first mainly discusses the seeming ease the protagonist enjoys by completely releasing herself from the bondage and burden possibly incurred by responsibilities or commitments from practical life especially before her pregnancy. And in contrast, the second section is mainly an exposure of the bitterness she suffers through her radical stance on freedom, this involving isolation and loneliness as well as helplessness.– The second chapter is a detailed study on the nature of the protagonist’s radical outlook on freedom. Two sections are included in this part. The first part is an objective analysis of the problematical attempts of the protagonist to achieve freedom. It includes consideration of her obsession with work, her habit of concealing her natural feelings in front of others, and her self-confinement within an ivory tower detached from an outside world viewed as potentially intrusive and threatening to her realm of freedom. The second part explains the possible reasons for the protagonist’s pursuit of a radical freedom, namely, the influence of her parents and society as well as her character orientations. It will naturally be seen that the protagonist’s freedom is by nature a negative one, which to a large extent can account for the bitterness incurred in her practical life.– The last chapter concentrates on the discussion of a tentative solution to the predicaments incurred by this radical outlook on freedom. This solution mainly refers to a route towards what Fromm describes as >positive freedom<. This chapter again includes two sections. The first elaborates on the issue of the return of human connections to the protagonist’s day-to-day life. The second section is a detailed analysis of the awakening of distinct manifestations of love within the protagonist – a dramatic spiritual transformation which occurs during her pregnancy and in the primary phase of motherhood. In the end, the awakening of love in the protagonist and her return to human community and connection together portend a more self-fulfilling life for her in the future.– The above analysis building on Fromm’s theory leads naturally to the conclusion that the radical stance on freedom which the protagonist has advocated and practiced is what Fromm describes as >negative freedom<, a freedom which has brought more bitterness than ease to her life. Therefore, any pursuit of a radical freedom is a negative attempt, which is to an extent achieved by freeing oneself from burdens and isolating oneself from connections with others. Only by returning to the real world and establishing harmonious human connections as well as being responsible to oneself and others can people of the modern era achieve true freedom, and thus be enabled to come closer to true self-actualization. N2 - 从人类社会产生至今,消费始终在人们的生产生活中扮演着重要的角色。消费一方面促进生产力的发展,推动着人类社会的进步,另一方面它又在特定情况下为人类带来一定的负面影响。第二次世界大战以后,科学技术飞速发展,社会经济迅猛增长,人们的物质和精神生活水平不断提高,人们的消费观念和消费方式也随之发生了改变。在西方,异化从劳动领域进一步扩展至消费领域,消费异化被视为异化在当今社会最突出的表现形式。我国改革开放以来,随着生活水平的提高,人们的消费行为也出现了一些不正常的现象,无节制地吃喝玩乐、攀比奢侈消费之风的蔓延都是其中的典型表现。这种消费异化现象的出现阻碍了人的自由全面发展,不利于国家、世界的稳定发展,成为引发人类生存危机的重要因素。19世纪中后期物质生活条件相对匮乏。受历史条件的制约,马克思并未对消费异化问题进行过多分析,但消费异化思想散见于其文之中。较为系统的消费异化理论出现于20世纪中叶,由马尔库塞、弗洛姆、鲍德里亚和生态马克思主义者等学者提出和发展起来。他们以马克思的异化理论为基础,立足20世纪资本主义发展特点,从不同的角度对消费异化现象进行反思和批判,形成了较系统的消费异化理论体系。他们的理论对我们研究当下社会消费异化现象有着极为重要的指导意义。本文运用马克思主义的观点,以马克思的消费异化思想为理论基石,在对由马尔库塞、弗洛姆、鲍德里亚和生态马克思主义者等学者提出的消费异化理论进行分析和总结的基础上,立足我国社会经济发展的具体国情,坚持科学发展观和马克思主义关于人的全面发展的理论,对消费异化、人的全面发展、科学的消费等理论做更进一步的研究,力求为走出消费异化误区、构建和谐社会提供依据。 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Yanzhen T1 - An Analysis of Fromm's Historical Materialism [弗洛姆历史唯物主义观评析 ] JF - Social Sciences in Guangxi [广西社会科学], No. 2 (2017), pp. 56-61. N2 - 弗洛姆的历史唯物主义观凸显了历史唯物主义的人本维度,他通过对马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的精心解读,提出历史唯物主义既是人本主义和自然主义的综合,又是一种人类学的历史观,还是一种精神的存在论。这种从《1844年经济学哲学手稿》出发阐述历史唯物主义的思路,其合理之处在于看到了马克思在历史唯物主义思想形成过程中客观存在的内在联系,从而凸显了历史唯物主义的人本维度,但也存在着忽视马克思的思想在青年时期和成熟时期所发生的根本变化的局限性。 N2 - Fromm's historical materialism emphasizes the humanistic dimension of historical materialism. He puts forward that historical materialism is both humanistic and naturalistic through the elaboration of Marx's economic philosophy of 1844 Of the synthesis, but also an anthropological view of history, or a kind of spiritual ontology. This is from the >Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844< to elaborate the idea of historical materialism, its rationality is to see Marx in the process of the formation of historical materialism in the objective existence of the internal relations, which highlights the historical materialism of the people Dimension, but there are also limitations that ignore the fundamental changes that occur in Marx's thought during the youth and the mature period. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Yu T1 - Self-love: The Highest Value of Humanistic Ethics [自爱:人道主义伦理学的最高价值] JF - Jiangxi Social Sciences [江西社会科学], No. 6 (2013), pp. 42-46. N2 - 弗洛姆作为20世纪西方著名的新人道主义伦理学家,一直热切关注着同时代人的生存处境。这种困境肇始于自我意识的觉醒,却因自我的丧失而导致一个不完美的结局。真正的自我既不是孤立的个体,也不是普遍的、抽象意义的类我,而是>个我<与>类我<的统一。爱是对人生存困境的解决,从为人为己的向度展现为爱人与爱己的统一。自爱是对自我的肯定,是自我的创造性活动,是自由与安全的并存。 N2 - Fromm, as a famous Western neo-humanist ethicist of the 20th century, has always been keenly concerned with the existential situation of his contemporaries. This dilemma begins with the awakening of self-consciousness, but the loss of the self leads to an imperfect end. The real self is neither an isolated individual, nor a universal or abstract self, but the unity of the individual self and the self-like self. Love is the solution to the dilemma of human existence, which is the unification of loving others and loving oneself from the direction of selfishness. Self-love is the affirmation of the self, the creative activity of the self, the coexistence of freedom and security. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Yu T1 - The Existential Dilemma and Ideological and Political Education of Contemporary Students – From Fromm's View of Escape from Freedom [当代大学生的生存困境与思想政治教育——从弗洛姆的逃避自由观说起] JF - Journal of Socialist Theory Guide [理论导刊], No. 1 (2012), pp. 71-73. N2 - 了解当代大学生的生存状态和现实需要,是提升高校思想政治教育实效性的基本途径。以弗洛姆的逃避自由观为理论背景分析当前社会条件下大学生的生存困境和心理机制,问题的解决需要政治、经济、文化等各种力量的整合,尤其需要对人精神的引导,这为思想政治教育的发展提供了契机。 N2 - Understanding the living conditions and realistic needs of contemporary university students is the basic way to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education in universities. The solution to this problem requires the integration of various forces such as politics, economy and culture, especially the guidance of human spirit, which provides an opportunity for the development of ideological and political education. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Yu A1 - Lai, Xionglin T1 - The Experience and Struggle of Loneliness — A Probe into Fromm's Theory of Loneliness [孤独的体验与挣扎——弗洛姆的孤独理论探微] JF - Seeker [求索], No. 7 (2014), pp. 63-68. N2 - 弗洛姆认为自由与孤独、生与死、潜能的实现与生命的有限性之间的矛盾是孤独产生的原因,因此,孤独是基于人本性之上的哲学范畴。传统社会中孤独意识处于被遮蔽的状态,随着宗教改革和文艺复兴的兴起,现代社会人的孤独意识被激发,而孤独是人不能忍受之痛,现代人开始了放弃自由、逃避孤独之旅。孤独成了自由不能摆脱的阴影和噩梦。实际上,孤独是自由的必经阶段,真正的自由是对孤独的超越和扬弃。 N2 - According to Fromm, the contradiction between freedom and solitude, life and death, the realization of potential and the finiteness of life is the cause of loneliness, therefore, loneliness is a philosophical category based on human nature. With the rise of the Reformation and Renaissance, the sense of loneliness in modern society has been stimulated, and loneliness is an unbearable pain. Loneliness has become the shadow of freedom and nightmare cannot get rid of. In fact, loneliness is a necessary stage of freedom, the real freedom is the transcendence and abandonment of loneliness. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Zhiguo T1 - Self-reflection in Education and Teaching [坚守对教育教学的自我思考] JF - Jiangsu Education [江苏教育], No. 35 (2017), p. 1. N2 - 弗洛姆在《健全的社会》中这样说过,我们并不需要如何使生活健全的新知识,而是急切需要认真地对待我们所相信的、所倡导的东西。我们心灵的革命并不需要新智慧,而是需要新的严肃的态度与献身精神。的确如此,生活和工作总是在平淡与简单中周而复始地延展,往往是信仰、责任、对待事物的精神和坚定的实践在推动着我们在这样的轨迹上创造与改变,而可能不是所谓的创意、灵感或者智慧。 N2 - Fromm said in the >Sound Society< that we do not need new knowledge of how to make life sound, but we urgently need to take seriously what we believe and advocate. The revolution of our soul does not require new wisdom, but requires a new serious attitude and dedication. Indeed, life and work are always extended in a dull and simple manner. The beliefs, responsibilities, the spirit of treating things and the firm practice are driving us to create and change on such a trajectory. It may not be a so-called idea. Inspiration or wisdom. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Zhijin T1 - From Fromm’s Thought of >Escape From Freedom< to Talk about the Phenomenon of Mobile Phone Dependence of College Students [从弗洛姆>逃避自由<谈大学生手机依赖现象] JF - Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Social Sciences) [成都理工大学学报(社会科学版], No. 3 (2016), pp. 40-44. N2 - 大学生在享用智能手机带来便利的同时,手机依赖问题也随即产生。弗洛姆在《逃避自由》中提出的>逃避自由<理论有助于揭示大学生手机依赖现象产生的心理原因,同时弗洛姆提出确立>积极自由<的状态,也为解决大学生手机依赖现象提供了理论指导。 N2 - While college students enjoy the convenience of smart phones, the problem of mobile phone dependence is then generated. The thought of >Escape from Freedom< of Fromm can helps to reveal the psychological causes of college students’ dependence on mobile phone. Meanwhile, Fromm proposed to establish the state of >positive freedom< as well as provide a theoretical guidance for solving the phenomenon of mobile phone dependence of college students.] [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zou, Hong T1 - An Interpretation of Fromm's Sound Social Philosophy [弗洛姆的健全社会哲学思想解读] JF - Northern Literature [北方文学], No. 32 (2019), pp. 162-163. N2 - 弗洛姆通过剖析西方现代人异化的生存状态,批判了资本主义制度下重占有的生存方式。同时,弗洛姆提出构建重生存的健全社会以帮助现代人实现积极自由的生存状态。 N2 - Fromm analyzes the alienated living conditions of modern western people, and criticizes the survival mode of heavy possession under the capitalist system. At the same time, Fromm proposed to build a healthy society that re-exists to help modern people achieve a positive and free existence. [Automatic translation Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zou, Jianbo T1 - Fromm's Marxist Religious View – Reading Fromm's >Love< 弗洛姆的马克思主义宗教观—读弗洛姆的《说爱》 JF - Theory Research 学理论, No. 9 (2016), pp. 31-33. N2 - 宗教是人民的鸦片,它象征着现实社会的种种苦难、压抑和无奈,因而宗教是应该而且必须被消灭的,正如现实中的一切苦难、压抑和无奈都应该而且必须被消灭。弗洛姆却认为,还存在一种特殊的宗教,一种即使生活富足、内心幸福也可能存在的宗教。这种宗教是关于社会进步和人的解放的大爱,也是马克思著作的核心。 N2 - Religion is the opium of the people, which symbolizes the suffering, depression and helplessness of the real world, and therefore it should and must be eliminated, just as all suffering, depression and helplessness in the real world should and must be eliminated. Fromm, on the other hand, believes that there is a special kind of religion, one that can exist even in the midst of a rich life and inner happiness. This religion is the great love of social progress and human emancipation that is at the heart of Marx's writings. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zou, Juan T1 - A Humanistic Exploration of Urban Violence in Margaret Drabble’s the Radiant Way and A Natural Curiosity 玛格丽特•德拉布尔《金光大道》和《天生好奇》中都市暴力的人文主义推求], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2014. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 玛格丽特•德拉布尔(1939-)是二战后英国文坛颇负盛誉的女作家之一。她的三部曲《金光大道》、《天生好奇》和《象牙门》自1989年发表以来,备受评论界关注。以暴力为代表的都市哥特元素成为这三部作品的一个核心特点。尽管近年来国内外研究德拉布尔的学者日渐增多,却鲜少有评论家对《金光大道》和《天生好奇》这两部作品中的都市暴力问题展开系统性研究。本论文选取埃里希•弗洛姆在《逃避自由》和《爱的艺术》中所阐释的人文主义哲学为支撑,试析德拉布尔两部作品中以都市暴力为核心的哥特元素,旨在为探弋作品中所蕴藉的人性深度,并为其道德维度提供新的研究视角。埃里希•弗洛姆的人文主义哲学囊括了对于异化、自由和爱的探讨,它掘入人的情感内里,将极权主义、破坏性和机械趋同等消极自由所导致的牵绊展露得纤悉无遗。相反,积极自由意味着通过爱和生产性劳作而与世界自发产生联系,保持人格的整一性。虐待与受虐消解主体;成熟的爱却带来自我的救赎与合一。论文引言追述了德拉布尔两部小说发表以来批评家的观点,提出来进一步探索的空间和可能性,并阐述了弗洛姆哲学思想的要点和论文的框架结构。结语部分总结了论文的基本观点。论文主体分为两章。第一章是>《金光大道》中都市暴力的引发与扩散<,探讨了家庭环境中的性格偏差如何刺激暴力倾向以及社会大环境对异常行为的传播而导致的都市暴力,目的是为了逃避异化,寻得自由。从微观上看,小说中连环杀手保尔的犯罪行为可以追溯至其母亲的虐待癖。从宏观上说,社会也是始作俑者,因为在20世纪80年代的英国,撒切尔政府推行个人主义和商业自由化,加剧了社会异化。同时,以电视为主导的大众媒体所起的刺激和传播作用都使得社会弊病以都市暴力的形式交相呈现。第二章是>《天生好奇》中都市暴力的对抗与救赎<,挖掘了三位女性主人公通过成熟的爱和生产性工作寻找自我和拯救暴力的努力。尽管莉茨和艾利克斯直面了美杜莎的哥特形象,她们却没有被石化,反而重新认识自我,颠覆了传统的神话原型。通过其对连环杀手保尔无私的爱和慷慨帮助,艾利克斯成功平抚了暴力所留下的创伤。另外,三位女主人公之间的深厚友谊为她们重塑自我和追寻积极自由铺就了道路。论文借助弗洛姆的人本主义思想探究了德拉布尔两部作品中的暴力主题和哥特元素。小说中所彰显的城市暴力从微观层面可以归结为人性中的虐待癖和受虐性,从宏观层面来看,则肇始于由外部社会政治因素所滋养和传播的普遍异化现象。诚然,玛格丽特•德拉布尔将笔锋转向人文主义,字里行间涵射出成熟的爱是拯救都市暴力与实现积极自由的有效方式。 N2 - Margaret Drabble (1939 – ) is regarded as one of the most important postwar British women writers. Her trilogy >The Radiant Way< , >A Natural Curiosity< , >The Gates of Ivory< , published since 1989, have been frequented by literary critics with multiple views since their inception. One core characteristic of the trilogy is its Gothic elements featured by urban violence. Admittedly, the Drabble scholarship has expanded with growing momentum both home and abroad. However, they have not touched upon the issue of urban violence in either The Radiant Way or A Natural Curiosity with systematic research. - By vehicle of Erich Fromm’s humanistic philosophy crystallized in his Escape from Freedom and The Art of Loving, a tentative analysis of these two novels’ urban Gothic elements is carried out in this thesis, thus presenting a new dimension to the interpretation of the depth of human nature and morality veiled in >The Radiant Way< and >A Natural Curiosity<. - Erich Fromm’s humanistic philosophy of alienation, freedom and love penetrates into the profundity of human character and thoroughly elucidates various thwarting impacts of negative freedom wrought by authoritarianism, destructiveness and automaton conformity. On the contrary, positive freedom equates with the spontaneous activity of the integrated personality in relation to the world through love and productive work. In truth, sadistic or masochistic strivings result in the disintegration of the subject, while mature love brings forth redemption and reunion of the self. The introduction gives a succinct review of the critical history related to Drabble’s two works, puts forward the possibility for further study, and elucidates Erich Fromm’s philosophy and argumentative structure of the whole thesis. The conclusion makes a brief summary of the arguments. The main body of the thesis is composed of two chapters. - Chapter 1 >The Instigation and Diffusion of Urban Violence in ‘The Radiant Way’< discusses how the familial infusion of deviancy and the social dissemination of abnormality have contributed to the urban vi¬olence as a means of escaping from alienation for the sake of freedom. On the microscopic level, it is the maternal sadism that caused the serial killer Paul’s criminal deeds. On the macroscopic level, it turns out that the society hould also be held accountable. Individualism and privatization preached by the Thatcher Government in the 1980s aggravates social alienation. Coupled with the instigating and propagating role of mass media typified by television, social malaise keeps cropping up in the form of urban violence. - Chapter 2 >The Confrontation and Salvation of Urban Violence in ‘A Natural Curiosity’< explores the three female protagonists’ endeavor of rediscovering themselves and salvage violence through mature love and productive work. Although Liz and Alix have confronted the Gothic image of Medusa, they are not petrified and they have reaffirmed their selfhood, thus, subverting the traditional myth. Through her unconditional love and generous help for the serial killer Paul, Alix has managed to salvage violence. In addition, the sisterhood among the three female protagonists paves the way for reintegration of self and realization of positive freedom. In summary, this thesis conducts a research into the urban Gothic elements featured by violence in Drabble’s two novels on strength of Fromm’s humanistic philosophy. - The conclusion can be drawn that urban violence on a micro level could be attributed to the innate human nature of sadism and masochism; while on a macro level, it is catalyzed and cemented by external social and political forces that breeds and disseminates alienation. Margaret Drabble has wielded her pen in the direction of humanism, implying that the moral way to salvage urban violence and attain positive freedom is through mature love. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zou, Zhikun A1 - Zhang, Yang T1 - Fromm’s Consumption Alienation Theory and Its Implications [弗洛姆的异化消费思想及启示] JF - Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities (Social Sciences) [内蒙古民族大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 2 (2016), pp. 17-20. N2 - 弗洛姆认为,异化消费是20世纪西方资本主义社会的典型症状,现代资本主义社会是一个消费异化的社会。消费由手段变成了目的,人被消费所统治,失去了主动性和创造性。人们在异化消费中失去本真。弗洛姆对消费社会进行了批判性反思,对于我们当代人的存在以及社会的和谐发展无疑具有深刻的现实意义。 N2 - According to Fromm, alienated consumption is a typical symptom of Western capitalist society in the 20th century, and modern capitalist society is a society of alienated consumption. Consumption has changed from a means to an end, and people are ruled by consumption and have lost their initiative and creativity. People lose their true nature in the alienation of consumption. Fromm's critical reflection on consumer society is undoubtedly of profound relevance to our contemporary existence and to the harmonious development of society. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zuo, Danhua T1 - To Have or to Be – Fromm’s Critical Society Theory [占有还是存在 – 弗洛姆社会批判理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 2012. N2 - >占有还是存在<这是一个现代生活中的重要问题,也是弗洛姆社会批判理论和实践中一条隐含的线索。本文首先对重占有和重存在两种生存方式进行了剖析,从中挖掘出了弗洛姆这一生存理论的前提,即人道主义原则、异化理论和社会性格理论。在此基础之上指出他这一理论的主旨:社会批判基础之上的社会拯救——构建>新人<和>新社会<。弗洛姆整个生存方式理论是以他对人性的分析作为基础的,人性中所固有的矛盾性是出现两种生存方式对立的根本原因,而人性中的主动和创造性本质又是消除这种对立,使得人类最终扬弃>重占有<的生存方式,建立>重存在<的生存方式的可能性所在。整篇文章的主要目的是对弗洛姆生存方式理论做一个较为全面的整理工作,同时站在马克思主义的哲学立场上对他的这种理论进行了分析。他这一生存方式理论主要涉及了三个方面:第一,对人的本性、人的生存状况作出的分析说明;第二,对社会状况、特别是社会病态进行了批判剖析;第三,为医治社会、拯救人类提供方案。这三方面也是他整个社会哲学所主要进行的工作。尽管弗洛姆的理论有偏颇之处,但是他为综合马克思的历史唯物主义和弗洛伊德的精神分析学说所做的努力是不容忽视的,正是他的这种努力为我们打开了一个应用马克思主义哲学分析当下社会问题的新视角。 N2 - >To have or to be?< is an important question in modern life, as well as an implicit clue in Fromm's social-critical theory and practice. This paper first analyzes the two modes of existence, namely, possession and existence, and finds out the premises of Fromm's theory of existence, namely, the humanitarian principle, the theory of alienation and the theory of social character. On this basis, he points out the main theme of his theory: social salvation on the basis of social criticism - the construction of a >new man< and a >new society<. The contradiction inherent in human nature is the fundamental reason for the emergence of two opposing ways of living, while the active and creative nature of human nature is the key to eliminate this opposition and make human beings finally abandon the >possession-oriented< way of living and establish a >new society<. The possibility of a >re-existential< way of being. The main purpose of the whole article is to make a comprehensive arrangement of Fromm's theory of ways of life, and at the same time analyze his theory from a Marxist philosophical standpoint. This way of life theory mainly involves three aspects: firstly, the analysis and explanation of human nature and human existence; secondly, the critical analysis of social conditions, especially social pathologies; thirdly, providing solutions for healing society and saving mankind. These three aspects are also the main work of his entire social philosophy. Despite the bias of Fromm's theory, his efforts to synthesize Marx's historical materialism and Freud's psychoanalysis should not be overlooked, and it is his efforts that have opened up a new perspective on the application of Marxist philosophy to the analysis of current social problems. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zuo, Yurong T1 - Fromm's Personality Theory and Contemporary Ethical Education [弗罗姆性格理论与当代伦理教育] JF - Journal of Harbin University [哈尔滨学院], No. 5 (2010), pp. 20-23. N2 - 埃里希.弗罗姆性格理论是其对弗洛伊德性格理论与马克思历史唯物主义思想综合发展的结果。尤其是他通过建构一种社会性格理论,并将其作为社会批判、诊断社会缺陷的思想武器,从而能够为人类提供一种社会改造方案,是弗罗姆独特的贡献与最终目标。虽然弗罗姆性格理论的基石——人性论内含着不可调和的矛盾,导致其性格理论同样不能脱离唯心主义的篱藩,但其性格理论对于当代的伦理教育仍然有着重要的价值。 N2 - Erich Fromm’s personality theory is the one of Freud’s personality theory of historical materialism and Marxist thinking on development results. In particular, his character through the construction of a social theory and social criticism, the diagnosis of the ideological weapon of social deficiencies, which can provide humanity with a kind of social transformation program, is a unique contribution to Fromm and the ultimate goal. Although the cornerstone of Fromm’s personality theory – the theory of human nature within the irreconcilable contradictions, resulting in the character theory of the same idealism, cannot be divorced from the Lei-fan idealism, but the character of the ethical theory for contemporary education remains an important value. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reflections on Fromm’s “Escape from Freedom” Thought [关于弗罗姆逃避自由思想的若干思考] JF - [Conference] Fortune Global Forum, Second day, May 3, 2016, Beijing, China, in: [Proceedings] Fortune Global Forum, Second day. N2 - 弗洛姆通过分析>自由<对现代人具有双重含义,揭示了现代资本主义社会形成了>逃避自由<的机制,并进而区分了消极自由与积极自由,提出达到积极自由的真正的途径:通过自发性的爱与创造性的工作,将人和自然、、社会及自我在更高层次上的重新联系到一起,实现人的个性的全面发展。本文试图从弗洛姆关于自由的两重性,分析消极自由带来的不健康性格以及积极自由带来的人的全面发展,并进一步分析弗洛姆逃避自由思想的意义及缺陷。 N2 - Fromm by analyzing the >freedom< of modern man has a dual meaning, reveals the formation of a modern capitalist society mechanism >Escape from Freedom<, and thus the distinction between negative liberty and positive liberty, proposed to achieve positive free the real ways: through spontaneous love and creative work, the community and nature, and self reconnect at a higher level together to achieve the comprehensive development of the human personality. This paper attempts to Fromm duality of freedom, comprehensive analysis of the development of negative liberty unhealthy personality and positive liberty of persons, and further analysis of Fromm's Escape from Freedom of Thought and Meaning defects [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR ED - Chen, Yunquan T1 - Philosophical Problems of Psychology (1990) [心理学的哲学问题] JF - Chinese Philosophy Yearbook [中国哲学年鉴] 1990, Editor: Chen Yunquan, CASS Institute of Philosophy, Publisher: Encyclopedia of China Publishing House Shanghai Branch (ISBN 7-5000-0295-5) (1990), pp. 296-297 N2 - 心理学的哲学问题中国心理学史资料选编(第一卷)燕国材主编人民教育1988. 124史页弗洛伊德的马克思主义(面向世界丛书)陈学明著辽宁人民1089. 2吐科页机智及其与无意识的关系(奥)弗洛伊德著张增武、阎广林译著上海社会科学院1989. 62拍页退缩的历史-论弗洛伊德及心理史学的破产(美)斯坦纳德著冯刚、关颖译浙江人民扣89. 72部页弗洛伊德主义原著选辑(下博主编辽宁人民(下卷)1 989. 7车文582页占有或存在-一个新型社会的心灵基础(人学丛书)(美)弗洛姆著杨慧译国际文化出版公司1989. 2185页恶的本性(美)弗洛姆著薛冬译中国妇女1989-4 J46页占有还是生存:一个新社 N2 - Psychology History of Psychology Chinese philosophical issues Selected Data (Volume I) Yan Kwok Choi editor of People's Education 1988. 124 History page Freudian Marxism (for World Series) Chen Xueming the Liaoning People 1089. 2 Division page spit wit and its unconscious relationship (Austria) Freud book Zhangzeng Wu, Yan Guanglin translations Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences 1989. 62 shot page flinch history - history of Freud and psychological bankruptcy (America) Stannard book Feng Gang, Terri translation Zhejiang People's buckle 89. 72 pages Freudianism original anthologies (next blog editor Liaoning People (scroll down) 1989.7 Che 582 possession or presence - a new society based on the mind (human science series ) (United States) Fromm was Yang Hui translation International Cultural Publishing Company 1989.2185 evil nature (America) Fromm of Xue Dong translation Chinese women 1989-4 J46 page possession or survival [To Have Or To Be]: an Novosti […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 1990 ER -