TY - GEN A1 - A, Weixing T1 - The Psychoanalytical Study of the Absence of Love in Toni Morrison's >Love< [对莫里森小说《爱》中爱的缺失的心理阐释], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Toni Morrison, the first black American Nobel Prize winner in American literature, has had a profound influence in the literary world. So far Morrison has published nine novels In her novel >Love<, published in 2003, Morrison continues to pay attention to the black women under the patriarchy, sexism and racism. In >Love<, Morrison focuses on the miserable life of the black women and explores the absence of love and its restoration in the black families and the black community. Based on Fromm's humanistic psychology, the present thesis intends to reveal the absence of love for the main protagonists in >Love< and interpret the causes of the absence of love in the black women by the psychoanalytic theory of transference, projection and repression.– Firstly, the author gives an account of Toni Morrison's literary career and critical reviews on her work, a summary of the main plot of Love, and some commentaries about it as well.– Secondly, by introducing Fromm's humanistic psychology, particularly Fromm's theory of love and the psychological mechanism in terms of transference, projection and repression, the author intends to reveal the absence of love in the black community: the loss of maternal love between May and Christine; the absence of friendship in the black women, focusing on the cold sisterhood between Heed and Christine. The psychoanalytic transference and projection are applied mainly to interpret the causes of their abnormal relationships.– Thirdly, the author aims to illustrate the absence of love in marriage, concentrating on Heed's and Christine's marriage lives and uses repression to interpret how the miserable marriage coming into being under the influence of patriarchy.– And then, the author tries to explore the restoration of love in terms of the sisterhood and the unity of black community to show that the communication and interdependence on black women will promise a healthy and normal future both for African American women and for the whole community.– Consequently, a conclusion is drawn that the absence of love leads to different tragedies in the black women; however, love can eventually be restored by the efforts of black women and the black community. It can be obviously seen that Morrison, as a writer who has exposed the absence of love in the black women in the novel Love, is also a psychoanalyst who provides a panacea for restoring it, that is to say, the union of the black community and the elimination of patriarchy. Through mutual communication, understanding and sympathy, love as the bond of the black people will be returned. N2 - 托妮•莫里森,是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国黑人女作家,在美国和世界文坛上起着重要的作用。迄今为止,莫里森共创作了九部长篇小说。在2003年出版的第八部小说《爱》中,她继续关注在父权制、性别歧视和种族歧视下生活的黑人女性。小说《爱》以>爱<的缺失和复原为线索,描述了黑人女性悲惨的命运和生存状况。本论文分析了小说中黑人女性生活中种种爱的缺失的具体表现—扭曲的母爱,缺失的姐妹情谊,错位的婚姻关系,并以心理学家弗洛姆人道主义心理理论为依据,应用弗洛姆心理分析中的转移、投射和压抑理论,阐释了这些缺失的爱产生的根源。作者首先介绍托妮•莫里森,包括她的生平、文学成就及其作品的学术研究成果,并且概述小说《爱》的故事脉络及其相关的评论。其次,通过阐述心理学家弗洛姆人道主义心理理论,特别是他有关爱和心理机制(移情、投射和压抑)的理论,作者力图揭示小说中黑人家庭中母爱缺失和黑人女性中友爱缺失的具体表现来看黑人社区中人与人之间的爱的缺失的具体表现,并且重点分析梅与克里斯廷之间扭曲的母女关系及探讨克里斯廷与希德间冷漠的姐妹情谊。将分别从心理理论上分析其爱的缺失的根源是家庭之爱缺失的移情与人性弱点的投射。作者旨在说明黑人女性无爱的婚姻,以及黑人家庭和黑人团体的父权主义的压抑是导致希德畸形的婚姻和克里斯廷失败的婚姻的原因。之后,作者探讨了在黑人女性和黑人社区的共同努力下,黑人女性间化解仇恨,使姐妹之间的爱得以回归。最后,作者得出结论:莫里森通过关注黑人家庭、黑人女性及黑人社区中爱的缺失,来反映黑人女性真实的生存状态和悲惨的人生经历,借此来唤醒黑人社区中爱的回归。莫里森在小说《爱》中揭示了黑人女性生活中爱的缺失,同时她也为黑人女性找回失去的爱指明了一条道路:即黑人社区内部的团结和父权主义的消除。爱作为黑人种族凝聚力的象征,在黑人种族相互交流,相互理解,相互同情的努力下最终会得以回归。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Achimovich, Lois T1 - Review Daniel Mackler and Matthey Morrisey (Eds.): A Way Out of Madness: Dealing with Your Family after You’ve been Diagnosed with a Psychiatric Disorder Edited JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 681-682. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adelson, Stewart A1 - et al., T1 - Toward a Definition of >Hypersexuality< in Children and Adolescents JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 481-504. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alfonso, Cesar A. T1 - Evidence Base for the Molecular Underpinnings of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 533-536. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Bacciagaluppi, Marco T1 - Paradigms in Psychoanalysis. An Integration, London (Karnac Books) 2012, 296 pp. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Baum, Gerhart R. T1 - Meine Wut ist jung, Bilanz eines politischen Lebens – im Gespräch mit Matthias Franck, München (Kösel), 159 pp. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blumenfield, Michael T1 - Review Frederick J. Stoddard et al.: Hidden Impact: What You Need to Know for the Next Disaster: A Practical Mental Guide for Clinicians JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 691-692. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bonss, Wolfgang T1 - Teoría crítica e investigación social empírica. Notas sobre un caso ejemplar JF - Fromm, E., Obreros y empleados en v´speras del Tercer Reich, Un análisi psicológico-social (1980a-spa), Buenos Aires (Fondo cultura economica), 2012, pp. 49-105. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bouwer, Jan F. T1 - Erich Fromm JF - Champions of Enlightenment (Lulu.com) 2012, pp. 304-309. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breger, Louis T1 - Freud: Darkness and Vision JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 211-242. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brus, Michael A1 - et al., T1 - Psychotherapy for Schizophrenia: A Review of Modalities and Their Evidence Base JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 609-616. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bucci, Wilma A1 - et al., T1 - Objective Measures of Subjective Experience: The Use of Therapist Notes in Process-Outcome Research JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 303-340. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Buechler, Sandra T1 - Still Practicing. The Heartaches and Joys of a Clinical Career. (Psychoanalysis in a New Key Book Series, vol 15), New York and London (Routledge), 230 pp. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cai, Chencong T1 - Implications of Western Marxist Dissimilation of Consumption Theories 方马克思主义消费异化理论的启示 JF - Journal of Southeast University (Philosophy and Social Science) 东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版), No. 6 (2012), pp. 5-8, 126. N2 - 消费不仅是经济问题,而且是与生态环境密切相关的重要问题。目前我国流行的诸如时尚消费、面子消费、情绪消费等病态消费行为,给生态环境造成了日益严重的负面影响。马尔库塞、弗洛姆、本.阿格尔等西方马克思主义者的消费异化理论,为我们剖析当前中国病态消费模式的实质、根源和危害,探索克服病态消费现象的途径,选择和构建健康消费模式,促进生态环境的可持续发展,提供了许多有益的理论启迪。 N2 - Consumption is not only an economic issue, but also an important matter of eco-environment. Morbid consumptions popular in China, such as the consumptions of fashion, reputation, emotion and so on, have produced inactive influence on eco-environment. Western Marxist theories on dissimilation of consumption, such as Marcuse, Fromm and Ben Agger, provide a referential theoretical base on which we can analyze the crux, origin and detriment of the contemporary Chinese morbid consumptions. The theories also provide some valuable enlightenment for selecting and constructing a healthy consumption mode and for promoting the sustainable eco-environmental development. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cao, Zhiyu T1 - Science and Technology from Western Marxist View of the Frankfurt School [西方马克思主义法兰克福学派中的科技观] JF - Jin Tian [金田], No. 11 (2012), p. 131. N2 - 一次世界大战之后的欧洲,科学技术发展进入了一个空前的盛况,然而,在这个盛况之下,一些哲人们开始对科学技术所创造出来的这个工业文明产生了反思,法兰克福学派是其中的最具有影响的学派之一,本文对法兰克福学派的科学技术观的探寻,着重分析了霍克海默、弗洛姆、马尔库塞以及哈贝马斯的科学技术观,分析清楚这些人的观点对于今天我们构建和谐社会主义具有十分积极的意义 N2 - In Europe after the First World War, the development of science and technology has entered an unprecedented grand occasion. However, under this grand situation, some philosophers began to reflect on the industrial civilization created by science and technology. The Frankfurt School is the most one of the schools of influence, this article's exploration of the Frankfurt school's view of science and technology, focusing on the analysis of the science and technology views of Horkheimer, Fromm , Marcuse and Habermas and analyzing these people's views for us today. Building a harmonious socialism has very positive significance. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carsky, Monica A1 - Yeomans, Frank T1 - Overwhelming Patients and Overwhelmed Therapists JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 075-090. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Chai, Tingting T1 - Zou jin makesi – Fu luo mu dui makesi sixiang de ren ben zhuyi quanshi 走近马克思—弗洛姆对马克思思想的人本主义诠释 [Approaching Marx – Fromm’s Huma¬nistic Interpretation of Marx's Thought], Changchun: Jilin daxue chuban she 吉林大学出版社 [Jilin University Press]. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chang, Liwei T1 - A Probe into Yu Dafu’s Self-Maltreat Complex [向晚独寻孤店宿 —郁达夫自虐情结探微] JF - Journal of Zibo Normal College [淄博师专学报], No. 4 (2012), pp. 35-39. N2 - 根据心理学理论分析,自虐情结普遍存在于作家群体。郁达夫的自虐情结则更为显著和复杂。弗洛伊德和弗罗姆对自虐情结的产生原因有着不同的解释。弗洛伊德秉承一贯的性本能说,弗罗姆则在弗洛伊德性本能说的基础上,提出自我消灭说。两种关于自虐情结生发的解释,放诸郁达夫身上都契合无虞。郁达夫本人的自虐情结与性爱的焦虑、命运的放逐、快感的获取以及自我的救赎有着复杂关系。这种情结表现在文学作品中,则指向身份、悲剧、灵感、艺术等方面的探索。 N2 - [According to the analysis of the psychological theory, the complex of self-maltreat is generally present in the group of writers, and among them, Yu Dafu’s self-maltreat complex is even more significant and complex. About the causes of the complex, Sigmund Freud and Fromm make different interpretations. Freud upholds consistently the theory of sexual instinct, while Fromm proposes the self-annihilation view on the basis of the sexual instinct view. These two explanations both can fit with Yu Dafu’s case. Yu Dafu’s self-maltreat complex has complex relationships with sexual anxiety, the exile of the destiny, the acquisition of pleasure and self-redemption. The complex is represented in literature by the exploration of identity, tragedy, inspiration, and art.] [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Aihua T1 - Fromm’s Critical Ethical Dimension of Capitalism – Erich Fromm’s >Sane Society< Interpretation [论弗洛姆批判资本主义的伦理维度——弗洛姆《健全的社会》解读] JF - Journal of PLA Nanjing Institute of Politics [南京政治学院学报], No. 3, (2012), pp. 37-43. N2 - 弗洛姆在《健全的社会》一书中,首先立足于人本主义伦理学的社会精神分析学应然视域,从人的本性出发,分析人的需要。在他看来,一个健全的社会是一个符合人的需要的社会。他从人与环境的相互作用中,试图超越>生物学的<与>社会学的<方法来规定人性,进而提出了诊断人的精神健康的标准。基于上述多重视域的综合,他从人本主义伦理学的社会精神分析学理论预设出发,确立了批判资本主义的价值始点。其次,弗洛姆以其人本主义伦理学的社会精神分析学视域,透视17~18世纪资本主义演进的历史逻辑及其特性,揭示了资本主义社会人性的式微及其关系的疏离,进而论述了>物的地位高于人<的资本主义价值原则的生成。再者,弗洛姆通过分析20世纪资本主义的特征,揭示了人与自身、人与社会、人与自然伦理关系何以疏离,管理和消费等何以异化的根源。 N2 - Fromm in >Sane Society<, a book, the first based on the humanistic ethics of social psychoanalysis thought sight from human nature, the analysis of the needs of the people. In his view, a healthy society is to meet the needs of persons of a society. From human interaction with the environment, he tried to go beyond the >biology< and >sociological< approach to regulations humanity, then presents a diagnosis of the mental health standard. Based on the above multispects comprehensive, his the social psychoanalytic theory from the humanistic ethics default starting to establish a starting point of the value of the critique of capitalism.– Secondly, the Fromm its humanistic ethics social psychoanalysis sight, perspective logic of 17th and 18th century history of the evolution of capitalism and its characteristics, reveals the alienation of capitalist society, the decline of human nature and its relationship, and thus discusses the principles of capitalist values generated material outrank. Furthermore, by analyzing the characteristics of 20th century capitalism, Fromm reveals the root itself, the relationship between man and society, man and nature, ethics Kept away why the management and consumer alienation. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chen, Chaoyan T1 - The Escape and Pursuit of Freedom. >Play It As It Lays< Psychological Analysis [自由的逃避与追求 -《顺其自然》的心理学分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art] . N2 - Joan Didion, entering the literary field in the1960's, has achieved great success in contemporary American Literature. Of Her works covers fiction with non-fiction and scriptwriting. Play It As it Lays depicts the social scenario and of America in the1960's and portrays especially the subsistent and psychological status of the female character Maria. It is for this reason that this novel becomes a symbol for the contemporary American society. This novel centers upon the process of Maria's psychological development, displaying the commonplace sense of people's insecurity and anxiety at that time, though they enjoy the abundant material pleasures. Living in the1960's, Maria takes on unconsciously all those features of that time, but only finds disappointment in the mechanism of how people think and behave. She feels more and more alienated and powerless in that world, which leads her to the midst of void.– In this thesis, the social-psychological theories by Erich Fromm are applied to analyze Maria's psychological development in the postmodern society. The theoretical framework, with >freedom< as its core conception, is intended to analyze the meaning of freedom to modern man as well as the reasons why people want to escape passive freedom and then point out the path to positive freedom. Maria's psychological status can be divided into two periods: the escape of passive freedom and the pursuit of positive freedom. Maria has experienced the disillusionment of the simulated Hollywood, wanting to escape the freedom that is gained through material pleasures and to pursue her individual freedom. The actions that Maria takes to escape the passive aspect of freedom almost end up with her self-destruction. For Maria, the three mechanisms of escape brought up by Fromm, namely, authoritarianism, destructiveness and automaton conformity, are all attempted by her unconsciously. However, by adopting these three escape mechanisms, Maria feels more isolated and anxious than ever. As a matter of fact, she doesn't want to perform as a part of this big machine called capitalism at the cost of losing herself. That's why she is defined by the society as a neurotic and ends up in neuropsychiatric hospital. Then Maria is on her way to freedom in a positive sense, which is realized through spontaneous love and work. The fact is that, in this novel, we only see the tendency and attempts of Maria's spontaneous activities as an individual self.– The spontaneity proposed by Fromm doesn't necessarily lead to any tangible results, but the willingness of individual to fully realize his true self. Through all the spontaneous activities mentioned above, Maria sets off on her way to freedom and salvation. N2 - 琼•迪迪恩,20世纪60年代步入文坛。她在文学创作上成绩斐然,在美国当代文学中地位显赫,并在小说、非小说及剧本写作上都颇有成就。迪迪恩的代表作《顺其自然》以独特的笔触描述了美国六十年代的社会图景,对生活在其中的女主人公玛利亚的生存状况和心理状况做了细致和深入的刻画,因而成为美国当代社会一个缩影。小说着力于描写玛利亚的心理发展历程,展现了后现代社会中人们物质生活充裕却又极度不安和焦虑的现状。她游离于社会和自我的边缘,无力地思考和行动,最终导致了精神崩溃。本文以弗洛姆的社会心理学为文本分析的框架,以>自由<为核心,以全新的视角诠释玛利亚的心理形成诱因和发展过程,以期能揭示现代人所处的>自由<的困境,并对此提出可供参考的解决方法。本文第一章介绍了该小说的研究现状、弗洛姆的理论框架以及本论文的结构。第二章叙述了玛利亚生活的时代背景,指出社会对于其生活方式和思想的影响,以及她对自由的渴求。第三章用弗洛姆的三种逃避自由的方式来分析玛利亚身处消极的自由中如何摆脱精神上的无力和不安。第一种是通过屈从于权威来摆脱孤独感;第二种是通过破坏自我去毁灭外在世界以摆脱外在的威胁;第三种是通过机械的自动适应来克服自身的软弱无力感。但是,这三种方式并没有使玛利亚摆脱困境,获得自由。第四章从积极自由的角度来反观玛利亚的心理发展历程,论证相对于其他人而言,她是小说总唯一一个追求积极自由的人。弗洛姆认为积极的自由应该是自发地去爱和工作,玛利亚就是这么选择的,坚持按自己的方式去生活。第五章是结论部分,通过对玛利亚心理发展过程的分析,揭示了一个身处后现代社会的女性如何面对自由困境问题并追求内心的自由。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jie T1 - Fromm’s Educational Philosophy and Its Implications for the Contemporary Family Education [弗洛姆教育理念对当代家庭教育的启示] JF - Journal of Anyang Institute of Technology [安阳工学院学报], No. 1, (2012), pp. 26-28. N2 - 从父母在家庭教育中扮演的角色出发,借鉴弗洛姆理想的家庭教育理念,提出改善家庭教育可从以下几方面着手:第一,明确父母角色,实现优势互补;第二,父母双方要把握好爱的尺度;第三,完善父母人格,更好地担当教育之责。 N2 - Starting from the role of parents in family education, and learn from the Fromm ideal concept of family education, proposed to improve family education from the following aspects: first, to clear the parental role, complementary advantages; second both parents to grasp the scale of love; third, improve the personality of their parents, and the responsibility to take education. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Jie T1 - Ideal Family Education Concept Inspiration to Modern Education [理想家庭教育理念对当代教育的启示] JF - Anyang Daily Newspaper [安阳日报], Henan, March 9 (2012). N2 - 弗洛姆在代表作《爱的艺术》一书中提出了有关>理想的家庭教育<的理念,探讨了父母双方在家庭教育中的重要地位。在该书中,作者把爱看做人类对自己生存问题的一种回答,是人与人之间合作统一的巨大力量,体现了弗洛姆对于社会的高度关怀。笔者认为对现代家庭教育有 N2 - Fromm in the masterpiece >The Art of Loving<, a book made about the >ideal family education< concept, explores both parents in family education in an important position. In the book, authors love to do on their own survival of human kind to answer, is the interaction between the enormous power of unified collaboration, reflecting the high degree of social concern for Fromm. I believe that there is a modern family education […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cheng, Aiai T1 - Fromm's Theory of Social Unconsciousness [述评弗洛姆的社会无意识理论], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2012. N2 - Fromm is an important contemporary Western philosopher, psychologist and sociologist. His theory of social unconsciousness analyses deeply the nature, causes and operating mechanism of the social unconsciousness, and the way of revealing the social unconsciousness. In doing this it unveils the mystery of the social unconsciousness. It is of great significance for us to understand this theory. Fromm’s theory of social unconsciousness is based on Freud’s theory of individual unconsciousness and the Marxist doctrine of social existence and social consciousness. He treats Freud’s theory of individual unconsciousness as an intermediate step of interaction between social existence and social consciousness according to the Marxist doctrine, thus complementing the Marxist theory. At the same time, He transforms Freud’s theory of individual unconsciousness into the theory of social unconsciousness with the help of Marxist social theory. It is through this creative comprehension that Fromm creates his own theory of social unconsciousness.– Fromm gives a detailed explanation on those many issues involved in the theory of social unconsciousness. In his view, the social unconsciousness is same for most members of a society, repressing or unperceiving certain mental content. The core of the social unconsciousness is depression, the psychological roots of fear. It is the fear of certain objects that lead people to repress some inner experience. The operation of the social depression is carried out by three kinds of >social filter<, that is, of the language, logic, and social taboos, which depress certain mental contents into unconsciousness that can’t go through the filters. However, the social repression itself will lead to the false social consciousness, and it is the social unconsciousness that represents the more complete humanity, so that only can the transformation of social unconsciousness into consciousness achieve the >common goal of human nature<.– Therefore, we must remove the depression. The specific method is to intuit unconsciousness through the emotional experience of individuals, as well as to criticize the >false consciousness< through the humanitarian social criticism. Only in this way can people become complete and free, and can the society become sound. Fromm’s theory of social unconsciousness has some important theoretical contributions, for it enriches and integrates the doctrine of Marx and Freud, and provides reasonable argument for the social reforms and feasible recommendations to solve the problems of the contemporary social problems. But it also has some important theoretical defects, for Fromm’s understanding of Marx is distorted and Freudianism, and it is unrealistic of his humanitarian standpoint, the presumption of >common goal of human nature<, and the doctrine of >psychological revolution<. Finally, Fromm’s theory of social unconsciousness has important implications for contemporary Chinese society. It is revelation that we must unswervingly adhere to the road of Marxism in China, to social reform, and to the socialist spiritual civilization and socio-cultural construction. Only in this way can we truly build a harmonious society. N2 - 弗洛姆是当代西方重要的哲学家、心理学家和社会学家,他的社会无意识理论深入分析了社会无意识的性质、产生根源、发生机制、运行机制以及揭示无意识的途径,为我们揭开了社会无意识的神秘面纱,对于我们认识社会无意识有着十分重要的意义。弗洛姆的社会无意识理论是以弗洛伊德的个人无意识理论和马克思关于社会存在与社会意识的关系的学说为理论基础的。他将弗洛伊德的无意识视作马克思的社会存在与社会意识相互作用时所需要的一个中间环节,从而补充了马克思的理论;同时又用马克思的社会理论将弗洛伊德的个人无意识改造为社会无意识。正是通过这种创造性的综合,弗洛姆创建了自己的社会无意识理论。弗洛姆对社会无意识理论所涉及到的诸多问题给予了细致的解释。在他看来,社会无意识就是对大多数社会成员相同的、对某些心理内容的压抑或未觉察状态,其中压抑乃是社会无意识的核心。这种压抑的心理根源是恐惧,正是由于对某些对象的恐惧导致了人们对某些内在经验的压抑。而社会压抑的具体运行,则是通过语言、逻辑和社会禁忌这三种>社会过滤器<来进行的,它们将某些不能通过过滤的内容压抑在无意识状态。但是,社会压抑本身会导致社会意识的虚假性,而且社会无意识才代表着更加完整的人性,因此只有使社会无意识转变为意识,才能实现>普遍的人性的目标<,因此必须要解除压抑。具体的方法就是通过个人的情感体验去直观无意识、以及通过人道主义的社会批判对>虚假的意识<进行批判。只有这样,人才能变得完整、自由,社会才能变得健全。弗洛姆的社会无意识理论有着重要的理论贡献,它丰富和综合了马克思和弗洛伊德的思想,为社会改革提供了合理化论证,并为解决当代社会的各种问题提供了一定的可行性建议。但它也有着重要的理论缺陷,弗洛姆对马克思的理解是歪曲的、弗洛伊德化了的,他的人道主义立场、>普遍的人性的目标<的预设以及>心理革命<说都是不切实际的。最后,弗洛姆的社会无意识理论对于当代中国社会有着重要的启示意义,它启示我们必须坚定不移地坚持马克思主义中国化的道路、坚持社会改革、坚持社会主义精神文明和社会文化建设,只有这样,才能真正建立起一个和谐的社会。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cohen, Mariam T1 - Review Marie T. Hoffman: Toward Mutual Recognition: Relational Psychoanalysis and the Christian Narrative JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 711-718. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Collin, Catherine T1 - Man's main task is to give birth to himself: Erich Fromm JF - Collin, C. , The Psychology Book. Big Ideas Simply explained, London et al. (DK) 2012, pp. 124-130. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Conci, M. T1 - Sullivan Revisited – Life and Work. Harry Stack Sullivan’s Relevance for Contemporary Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis. 2nd ed. Trento (Tangram) 2012. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cordón, Luis A. T1 - Erich Fromm JF - Freud’s World. An Encyclopedia of His Life and Times, Santa Barbara (Greenwood) 2012, pp. 155-160. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cortina, Mauricio T1 - Review Joseph D. Lichtenberg et al.: Psychoanalysis and Motivational Systems: A New Look JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 357-363. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dan, Wei T1 - Alienation Critique of Capitalist Society – From Marx to Habermas [资本主义社会的异化批判 -从马克思到哈贝马斯], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zheijiang, China 2012. N2 - 本文以哲学思想史为背景,首先对马克思以前的异化概念和思想进行回顾和分析。接着,分析指出马克思的异化理论是建立在前人的研究成果基础之上,具体是通过对霍布斯、卢梭、黑格尔、费尔巴哈等的异化理论的批判继承,从而创造出自己的劳动异化理论。马克思后来还进一步丰富和深化了他的异化理论,并将其贯穿到对资本主义制度的批判之中。>西方马克思主义<在马克思异化理论的基础上,结合自身所处的社会经济环境,发展出了各具特色的异化理论。其中,卢卡奇认为异化即是物化,可以通过无产阶级意识的觉醒和实践活动来克服各种物化;马尔库塞认为现代资本主义社会是一个病态的社会,通过爱欲的解放来摆脱资本主义社会对人的异化;弗洛姆认为当下资本主义社会的人性异化可以通过心理革命和社会革命进行克服;而哈贝马斯则认为可以通过>交往行为<的合理化来消除他眼中交往的异化。文章还论述了马克思和>西方马克思主义<对异化根源的探究以及在此基础上对资本主义社会的异化批判。本文的最后一部分主要是比较和分析马克思和>西方马克思主义<对资本主义社会异化批判的异同。指出了马克思对他那个时代的异化批判是准确的、科学的,而>西方马克思主义<对其所处的当代资本主义社会的异化批判也是有意义的,但存在不少问题。这对我们今天认识和批判资本主义社会的异化有着很好的启示作用。 N2 - This thesis first reviews the conceptions and thoughts about alienation which appear before Karl Marx's theory of alienation by taking the history of philosophical thoughts as background. Then, it points out that Marx's theory of alienation is based on the fruits obtained by his predecessors, such as Thomas Hobbes, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Hegel, Ludwig Feuerbach, etc. He inherits but also criticizes their ideas about alienation and then puts forward his own theory of alienation, which enriches and develops those predecessors' theories, and is used in practical criticism on capitalist system. - Combining Marx's theory of alienation with their own socioeconomic environment, Western Marxism puts forward various characteristic theories about alienation. Among them, Georg Lukács thinks that alienation is materialization, which can be overcome by the proletariats' practical actions and the wakening of their consciousness; Herbert Marcuse holds that modern capitalist society is diseased. The liberation of sexual desire can help people emancipate from the alienation by the capitalist society; Erich Fromm considers only psychological revolution and social revolution can eradicate people's humanistic alienation while Jürgen Habermas, according to his famous theory of communication, believes that it is necessary to rationalize people's communicative behaviors which seems alienated in others' eyes. - Besides those, the thesis also discusses the studies on the origin of alienation and the criticism on capitalist alienation by Marx and Western Marxism. The final part is the comparison and analysis of the similarities and differences between Marx's theory of alienation and Western Marxism's, which concludes that the former is considered as right and scientific criticism on capitalist society while the latter has many problems though it is also significant in criticizing the society in that period. Anyway, those are all enlightening in knowing and criticizing toady's capitalist society and its alienation. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Depue, Richard A. A1 - Fu, Yu T1 - Modeling Borderline Personality Disorder Based on the Neurobehavioral Foundation of Major Personality Traits JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 131-182. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Dorer, Maria T1 - Les bases historiques de la psychanalyse (Psyché de par le monde), Paris (Editions L’Harmattan) 2012, 200 pp. N2 - Il ne reste que peu de traces de l’existence de Maria Dorer: un livre publié en 1932, Historische Grundlagen der Psychanalyse, complété de Thèse d’habilitation pour l’obtention de la venia legendi à la Haute Ecole Technique de Darmstadt, quelques mentionsIl ne reste que peu de traces de l’existence de Maria Dorer: un livre publié en 1932, Historische Grundlagen der Psychanalyse, complété de Thèse d’habilitation pour l’obtention de la venia legendi à la Haute Ecole Technique de Darmstadt, quelques mentions sur Internet, une revue de l’ouvrage par Erich Fromm en 1932. Ce texte historique sur la psychanalyse peut être de nos jours considéré comme accompli avant la mise au jour de ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler l’Esquisse (Entwurf) de Freud et des Lettres à Wilhelm Fliess (1887-1904). [Taken from Publisher’s Website: http://www.editions-harmattan.fr] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Du, Haiwei T1 - Analysis on the Thought of Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [解析弗洛姆的>逃避自由<思想], Master thesis Foreign Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2012. N2 - >Escape from the freedom< is the core of Fromm’s academic system. The main content of >escape from the freedom< contains following five aspects.– At first, the psychological mechanism of escaping freedom forms in human history. As human get rid of natural bondage, our ability of using reason to control natural is stronger and stronger, the Degree, etc of our freedom seem to higher and higher. At the same time, individual’s loneliness, anxiety and insecurity have been deepened. When human history came into the capitalist society, the contradiction reached incompatible limit, and society appeared the psychological tendency of escaping freedom and giving up themselves. Investigate the cause of phenomenon, because, in the whole course of human history, human only realize negative freedom of getting rid of external bondage, people want to escape negative freedom of full of internal contradiction, and realize positive freedom.– Secondly, the psychological mechanism of escaping freedom results in three escaping forms, namely the authoritarianism, desire of destruction and automatic adaptability. These forms are different ways, but giving up individual integrity is their common feature, people is trying to setup some new relationship between themselves and others or organization, so as to get rid of insufferable loneliness and insecurity. But because of the rational mature, human have already known that they are independent, so people only just take various ways to evade the problem but not really solve the problem.– Thirdly, the phenomenon of escaping freedom also has special social reason. As individuation and loneliness increase together, the inner contradiction of negative freedom gets the maximum in capitalist society, the reason is that aspects of social alienation produce, including economy, politics and culture etc. And, alienation of economic life leads to entrepreneurs, senior white-collar workers and workers become gears of a big economic machine; Democratic election is only a meaningless term. Voters are fooled dolls, and those candidates are also used tools by big corporations; In cultural life, no matter family education, school education or social education, we just know the official facts and knowledge according with some political ideology and social moral needs, we are molded into a kind of people, not the unique personal.– Fourthly, to eliminate alienation, realize positive freedom, we will work hard to achieve overall revolution in individual and society; as for individual, to learn to love and creative work. Inner qualities of loving contain giving, care, respect, understanding and responsibility, love is the psychological foundation to realize positive freedom. Creative work is to make the job itself into a demand. The realization of the positive freedom also needs social revolution to do guarantee. In short, social revolution is to establish a new democratic socialism country that people become important participants and managers of national economic life, guarantee the people’s democratic rights, and make the people become the nation’s true master, at the same time, attempt to establish the human harmony cultural system.– Finally, the >escape from the freedom< thought has important theoretical value. It reveals the essence of alienation, explores a new way of researching freedom and saves the individual’s value. At the same time, it’s able to help us to reflect on modern materialistic society life and improve our mental consciousness. But the theory also has some limitations, it don’t see the fundamental economic cause of the phenomenon of >escape from freedom<, the method that he attempts to achieve positive freedom though changing individual’s thought is worth weighing deliberately, and Fromm’s some measures of changing social haven’t feasibility. N2 - >逃避自由<思想是埃里希.弗洛姆学术思想体系的核心部分。>逃避自由<思想蕴含着如下五方面的主要内容。第一,逃避自由心理机制在人类历史进程中形成。人类逐步摆脱自然的束缚,运用理智支配自然的能力也越来越强,我们获得自由的程度似乎越来越高了,但与此同时,个体的孤独感、焦虑感与不安全感也随之加深。当人类历史发展到资本主义社会时,这两者之间的矛盾达到了不可调和的极限,于是在社会中就形成了放弃自我、逃避自由的心理倾向。究其原因是由于到目前为止,人类历史进程中所形成的社会体制和文化帮助人类实现的都是摆脱外在束缚的消极自由,人们要逃避的正是这种充满内在矛盾的消极自由,而不是人们理想的以自我实现为目的本身的积极自由。第二,逃避自由的心理机制主要有三种表现形式,即权威主义、破坏欲和自动适应。这三种逃避形式尽管所采用的具体方式不尽相同,但从总体上来说,都带有放弃自我和个体完整性的特征,都是企图使自己与他人或组织建立某种新的联系,以此来摆脱无法忍受的孤独感与不安全感。可是由于人理性的成熟,早已深知我们是独立的个体,所以人们选择逃避自由的种种方式只是暂时的回避问题,而没有真正的解决问题。第三,逃避自由现象的产生也有其特定的社会根源。个体化与孤独感并增的消极自由的内在矛盾之所以会在资本主义制度下达到极限,促使人们通过各种方式逃避自由,原因就在于资本主义社会在经济生活、政治生活和文化生活等社会方方面面异化现象的产生,导致了无论是企业主、高级的白领工人还是底层工人都沦为经济这一大机器的齿轮,被>资本<和>利益<所奴使;民主选举成为华而不实的空话,选民是被蒙蔽、被愚弄的玩偶,而那些候选人们也不过是背后支持他们的大财团所利用的工具而已;在文化生活中,无论是家庭教育、学校教育还是社会教育,我们所能了解的基本上都是符合一定政治形态发展需要的官方事实和知识,被灌输的也都是符合主流意识形态和社会道德要求的思想观念,我们最终只能被塑造成特定文化模式下所需要的一类人,而非独一无二的个人。第四,要彻底的消除异化,实现积极的自由,就要努力实现个人与社会的同时变革。就个体而言要学会爱与创造性工作。爱是可以被培养的内在能力,给予、关怀、尊重、理解和责任感是爱的关键要素,爱是实现积极自由的社会心理基础;创造性工作则是要使工作本身不再是维持生存的手段,而是保障自我得以实现的需求。积极自由的实现更需要社会在经济、政治和文化方面的变革做保障。从总体上来说,就是要建立使人民成为国家经济生活的重要参与者和管理者,切实保障人民的民主权利,使人民成为国家的真正主人,同时在文化上企图建立和谐一致的人类文化体系的新型民主社会主义国家。最后,>逃避自由<思想在揭露异化本质、探讨自由新途径及肯定人的价值方面具有重要的理论意义。同时也有助于现代人更好的反省物欲横流的社会生活和提高精神觉悟。但这一思想也有一定的理论局限性,它没有看到>逃避自由<现象背后的根本原因不是心里原因而是经济原因,企图用人的思想的改变来实现积极自由的方法也很值得推敲,以及弗洛姆构想的>健全社会<在政治、经济和文化等方面的变革措施具有一定的空想性和难以践行性。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Du, Liyan A1 - Shang, Xinjian T1 - On Fromm’s Escape from Freedom: A Psychological Perspective [弗洛姆论逃避自由:心理学视角] JF - Seeking Truth [求是学刊], No. 1 (2012), pp. 37-41. N2 - Issue of freedom is one of the focuses of western philosophy. In modern time, nearly all philosophical propositions are not separated from the definition and exploration of it. Any question related to man is connected with it. This article explores the characteristics of the theory of freedom of Fromm, expounds how he probes the dynamics of freedom in structure of personality from the psychological perspective. [Author’s translation] N2 - 自由问题是西方哲学最关注的问题之一。自近代以来,几乎所有的哲学命题,都离不开对自由的界定和探讨。任何与人相关的问题,都不可避免地涉及自由问题。文章探讨弗洛姆自由理论的特点,阐明弗洛姆如何从心理学的角 度,探讨人的性格结构中的自由动力,揭示人渴望自由与逃避自由的心理依据。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Du, Min T1 - >Freedom< and >Loneliness< – Dual Dimension of Fromm’s Concept of Freedom and Its Limitations [>自由<与>孤独<——论弗洛姆>自由<概念的双重维度及其局限性] JF - Social Scientist [社会科学家], No. 7 (2012), pp. 42-45. N2 - >自由<是弗洛姆社会心理学理论的一个核心概念,借助>自由<概念,弗洛姆完成了社会批判理论与精神分析学说的结合,即马克思与弗洛伊德的结合。弗洛姆赋予>自由<概念的这种<纽带<功能,是该概念涵有社会理论与精神分析学的双重维度,>自由<既是伦理学、政治学中人的本质和权利,又是精神分析学中人的心理>孤独<。在弗洛姆的理论中,>自由<概念的显性是心理学的,但同时又潜含着社会理论的价值蕴意,由于这两个维度的意涵之间缺乏明确的厘定和界说,而使得弗洛姆从>逃避自由<和自我>实现自由<有明显的理想性和局限性。 N2 - With the concept of >freedom<, Fromm completes the combination of social-critical theory and psychoanalysis, that is, the combination of Marx and Freud. The function of >bond< given by Fromm to the concept of >freedom< is that the concept contains the dual dimension of social theory and psychoanalysis, and that >freedom< is both the essence and rights of human beings in ethics and politics, as well as the psychological >solitude< of human beings in psychoanalysis. In Fromm's theory, the concept of >freedom< is explicitly psychological in nature, but at the same time, it also implies the value of social theory. Due to the lack of clear definition and delimitation between the connotation of these two dimensions, it makes Fromm's >escape from freedom< and self-realization of >freedom< have obvious idealism and limitations. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Du, Min T1 - Pursuit of Freedom and the Escape from Freedom: Analysis of Fromm's Thought of Freedom [自由的追索及其逃遁——弗洛姆>逃避自由<思想解析] JF - Journal of Xidian University (Social Science Edition) [西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 5 (2012), pp. 99-103. N2 - Freedom is the core of the spirit of modern enlightenment, but as the process of modernization advances, it has given rise to the paradox of people pursuing freedom and escaping from it. Chinese society is also on the path of modernization. While pursuing material freedom, people need to care for and guide their spiritual freedom. Fromm's proposition that integrity of personality, love and creative work are the best recipes for realizing positive human freedom has certain warning and reference significance for today's Chinese society. [Automatic translation] N2 - 自由是现代启蒙精神的核心,但随着现代化的进程的推进却衍生了人追求自由,反而陷入逃避自由的悖论之中。中国社会也在实现现代化的路径中,人们在追求物质自由的时候,更需要对心灵自由给予关怀和引领。弗洛姆提出的完整人格、爱与创造性劳动是实现人的积极自由的良方,对于今天的中国社会具有一定警示和借鉴意义。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Du, Xiaomei T1 - Fromm’s Theory of >Love< for Build a Harmonious Teacher-Infant Relationship [弗洛姆>爱的理论<对构建和谐师幼关系的启示] JF - Journal of Yancheng Teachers College (Humanities & Social Sciences Edition) [盐城师范学院学报(人文社会科学版)], No. 2 (2012), pp. 119-121. N2 - 弗洛姆>爱的理论<对和谐师幼关系的构建有着深刻的借鉴意义。教师应给予幼儿>无条件的母爱<,培育幼儿爱的能力;应给予幼儿>理性的父爱<,培养幼儿的责任与理性。>自爱<、>人格健全>的教师才能给予幼儿>无条件的母爱<和>理性的父爱<。幼儿对教师爱的反馈和互动,也有助于和谐师幼关系的构建。 N2 - Fromm's >theory of love< harmonious teacher-infant relationship building has a profound reference. Teachers should be given to young children >unconditional motherly love< to cultivate the ability to love children; should be given to young children >rational fatherly<, cultivate children's responsibility and rational. >Self-love<, >healthy personality< teachers can give children >unconditional motherly love< and >rational fatherly<. Early childhood teachers love feedback and interaction, but also help to build harmonious teacher-infant relationship. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Durán, Francisco Javier Riuz T1 - Aproximación al pensamiento de Erich Fromm. El humanismo socialista, Granada /Editorial Académica Española) 2012, 92 pp. N2 - Erich Fromm fue un hombre marcado por las desagradables y terribles circunstancias que vivió en su tiempo, posiblemente el más trágico de la historia. Ante ella nuestro autor, lejos de abatirse, concentró todo su esfuerzo intelectual en esclarecer las verdaderas raíces de la existencia humana en todos los campos y desde todas las esferas de su formación. Conformó un sistema para entender la vida desde el hombre individual hasta la humanidad para, primero, comprender, y después, eliminar todas las vías que reconducen al hombre a su destrucción total. En el fondo, su pensamiento es un grito, una denuncia franca contra la sin razón de las contiendas mundiales y el sistema bipolar que amenazaba con un nuevo Holocausto, el nuclear. El sistema para la humanización del hombre vuelve a poner de manifiesto, a modo de saber arcano, el mensaje universal de un humanismo que, para nuestro autor abarca, desde los antiguos profetas a las ideas del joven Marx y las teorías de Freud, pasando por la teología negativa de Maimónides que finalmente completaría el >Meister Eckhart<. Así configura su camino para el hombre, para todos los hombres que quieran unirse en paz, independientemente de sus cree. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Leslie Caldwell and Angela Joyce (Eds.): Reading Winnicott JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 707-710. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Jon Carlson and Michael P. Maniacci (Eds.): Alfred Adler Revisited JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 719-721. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Eric M. Plakun (Ed.): Treatment Resistance and Patient Authority: The Austen Riggs Reader JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 354-356. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Glen O. Gabbard et al. (eds.): Textbook of Psychoanalysis (Second Edition) JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 696-700. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Peter L. Rudnytsky: Rescuing Psychoanalysis from Freud and other Essays in Re-Vision JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 701-704. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engel, George L. T1 - The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 377-396. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Essig, Todd T1 - Review Ken Eisold: What You Don’t Know You Know: Our Hidden Motives in Life, Business, and Everything Else JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 683-690. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fan, Haixia T1 - On >Escape from Freedom< Thinking [对弗洛姆>逃避自由<的思考] JF - Business [商], No. 2 (2013), p. 228 N2 - 弗洛姆作为一个人本主义者,自然关注人的自由、发展等问题。但他同其他人本主义者不同,他看到现代社会的人们有自由,却又在逃避着自由。他认为,封建社会的人们由于当时的时代背景所限制,一出生便被决定了他的>位置<。这个>位置<,既包括他所在的地理位置,也包括他的社会地位。在以后的生活中,他不会从一个地方迁居到另一个地方,也不会放弃某一个职业而从事另一个新的职业。他同他所处的社会建立了 N2 - Fromm, as a humanist, is naturally concerned with human freedom, development, and other issues. But unlike other humanists, he saw that people in modern society had freedom, but they were escaping from it. In his view, people in feudal society, due to the limitations of the background of the time, had their >position< determined at birth. This >position< included both his geographical location and his social status. Later in life, he does not move from one place to another, nor does he give up one occupation to take up a new one. He establishes a relationship with the society in which he lives. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fang, Qi T1 - A Social Psychological Study of Refugees from Freedom in >The Room< and >The Birthday Party< [《房间》和《生日聚会》中自由逃避者之社会心理学研究], Master thesis, Foreign Language and Literature, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Harold Pinter (1930-2008), the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005, has been the most influential modern British dramatist. With an accurate and affectionate ear for the irrationality of the real-life conversation, he produces plays which stand out in their own enigmatic style-puzzling, dramatic and charged with fascination. From the one-act play The Room to the full-length The Birthday Party, one single pattern predominates: Within a cocoon-like room, the ordinary people pursue their mundane life and are reluctant to go out, always talking in a way which is full of uncooperative responses, awkward silence and pauses, until one mysterious figure enters and eventually leads to the mental breakdown of the characters when their internal fear of freedom is fully projected externally. Based on the study of freedom by the American social psychologist Erich Fromm, this thesis applies social psychoanalysis to identify and understand the characters in The Room and The Birthday Party as freedom escapers. It views personal progress in the social context and aims to conduct a social psychological research on the principles, neurotic symptoms, and mechanisms of the freedom escapers.– The thesis first puts forward the research questions and objectives of the thesis and introduces Harold Pinter, his reception and related criticisms on his plays; and then Chapter One discusses the social psychological principles of the freedom escapers to elucidate freedom as a social psychological problem.– Chapter Two collects qualitative data from the two plays and conducts a social psychoanalysis of neurotic symptoms of the freedom escapers.– Chapter Three categorizes mechanisms adopted by the freedom escapers with detailed analysis from the perspective of social psychology.– Finally, the thesis concludes that it is under the social influence that the characters who are in the fear of isolation and powerlessness become freedom escapers but never find a way out. As an interdisciplinary study in nature, the task of conducting a social psychoanalytic literary research is thus completed. N2 - 哈罗德•品特(1930—2008),2005年诺贝尔文学奖得主,是当今最具影响力的现代英国剧作家。他对现实生活对话中的非理性因素有着准确而细腻的洞察,使其作品呈现出谜一般的姿态:令人疑惑,引人注目,又动人心魄。从独幕剧《房间》到多幕剧《生日聚会》,总是有一种模式贯穿始终:在一个蚕茧般的房间里,普通人过着平凡的生活,不愿意走出自己的房门。在他们的日常对话中,能观察到大量不合作的回应,尴尬的沉默和停顿。当一个神秘人物出现后,房间内安静平凡的格局被打破,导致人物内心对自由的恐惧被投射到外在后,精神世界最终走向崩溃。本文基于美国社会心理学家艾瑞克•弗洛姆关于自由的理论,对品特的剧作《房间》和《生日聚会》中的人物进行社会心理学分析。本文将人物的精神发展与社会背景相联系,对关于剧作中自由逃避者的原则,神经质症状,以及逃避机制从社会心理学方向进行研究。本文在绪论中首先介绍研究问题和目标、剧作家哈罗德•品特、相关文献综述、论文研究方法等。第一章讨论了自由逃避者所遵循的社会心理学原则,并解释了自由为社会心理学命题的合理性。第二章从文本中收集质性数据,闸释了剧中自由逃避者之神经质症状,并用社会心理学方法对其进行精神分析。第三章对剧作中人物的自由逃避机制进行了系统化分类,并提供了相应的社会心理学阐释。最终,本文得出结论,在以现代社会为背景的品特剧作中,人物难以抗拒自由带来的无力感和隔离感,用尽各种方式逃避自由,却终究难以找到一个出路。至此,在跨学科视野下,本文完成了社会心理学分析和文学研究 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fang, Xingfu T1 - The Alienation of the Soul – Fromm on Modern Self Analysis and Its Literary Characterization [灵魂的异化——弗洛姆对现代人自我的剖析及其文学表征] ][Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Jianghan Tribune [江汉论坛 ], No. 3 (2012), pp. 119-124. N2 - 弗洛姆认为,现代资本主义社会中人的自我已经迷失:他们贪婪的欲望达到极致,但自然的本性、情感和人格却被压抑和扭曲。弗洛姆对现代社会和人的问题的剖析是马克思主义批判理论的继承和发展,这一理论在文学作品中可以见到大量表征,文学研究亦可借助于这一理论,实现二者的双向互动。 N2 - Fromm believes that modern capitalist society, the human self has been lost: their greedy desire to achieve the ultimate, but the nature of nature, emotion and personality but was repressed and distorted. Fromm the inheritance and development of Marxist critical theory, this theory can see a lot of characterization in literature, literary studies also by means of this theory, both two-way analysis of the problems of modern society and people interaction. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Feng, Zhaoxiang T1 - Study on Humanist Alienation Theory of Fromm [弗洛姆人性异化思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 2012. N2 - 埃利希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980),出生在徳国后来移居到美国,是著名的哲学家、精神分析学家、社会学家,他是西方马克思主义者和法兰克福学派人物。弗洛姆综合了弗洛伊德心理学和马克思主义的社会学,在历史观的理论方法和思想观点的基础上,提出了异化思想。它把弗洛伊德的精神分析学中的个体心理学转变为社会心理学,继承了马克思异化理论思想的社会批判但它注重的是心理的异化理论批判,没有对资本主义这个根源制度进行彻底变革。他的异化理论不具有马克思社会革命理论的彻底性。但弗洛姆的异化理论从心理学这个角度提出却对马克思异化理论研究起到了补充与丰富作用。弗洛姆认为,20世纪现代工业社会的机器大工业的异化与马克思手工业时代的异化有了重大分别。马克思所处的历史时代社会主要矛盾是手工业制造,主要异化现象是劳动对象化,即,劳动产品对象化,也就是说:劳动成果被资本家占有。而20世纪现代工业社会主要矛盾是机械大工业的发展,人没有了创造性,人变成了客体,成了机器的附属品,这时人们心理在各个领域上如生产、生活及人的精神方面出现了异化现象,因此弗洛姆这个时代主要异化现象是心理异化。由此可以看出弗洛姆对人性异化理论研究是对当代西方资本主义后期现状的深切关注,尤其关注西方社会文化生活中的各种现实问题、矛盾危机,并从人类生存的角度出发对资本主义社会进行了批判。提出通过心理净化、爱的教育来建立一种心理健全、没有冲突互敬互爱的人道主义社会。这些对于我们重新去认识人和资本主义社会和我国建设社会主义和谐社会具有一定的现实意义。通过认真梳理弗洛姆的异化思想,本文从心理学和社会学角度提出了弗洛姆的异化理论核心是人性异化,为此,本文将以弗洛姆各个时期的异化理论著作代表作为研究对象,并按照分析现象--解读根源—解析扬弃的步骤,对弗洛姆的人性异化思想进行全面分析解读。即,首先从人性异化的现实领域和人的病态症候来分析弗洛姆的人性异化现象,进而解读弗洛姆的人性异化根源,解析弗洛姆的人性异化扬弃,最后对弗洛姆人性异化思想的贡献与局限性做出评价,并对本文的研究做出展望,提出本论文的理论意义和现实意义。 N2 - Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980), who emigrated from Germany to the United States, was a famous psycholo-gist, philosopher, sociologist, Marxist and a representative figure of Frankfurt school. Based on the view of historical theory and concept, Fromm put forward idea of alienation by compounding Freud's psychology and Marx's sociology. He inherited Marx alienation theory of social criticism, and changed Freud's individual psychology into social psychology. But he insisted on criticism of psychological alienation theory, and ignored the root causes of capitalism. So his alienation theory lack of thoroughness of Marxist social revolution theory. However, Fromm's alienation theory plays a supplementary role in Marxist alienation theory from the angle of psychology. In Fromm's view, the alienation of modern industrial society is totally different from the alienation of hand industrial era in twentieth century. - The principal contradiction of Marx's historical society is the handicraft manufacture; the phenomenon of alienation is mainly object of labor, that is, the object of labor product, in other words, the fruits of labor were owned by the capitalists. But in twentieth century, the principal contradiction of modern industrial society is the machinery industry development; people without creativity turned into object and machine accessories. Then psychology in various fields such as production, life and spirit began to emergence alienation phenomenon. So, Fromm thinks that the alienation of era actually is the alienation of people's psychology. Hence, we can see that Fromm's theory of human nature alienation is the deep concern of contemporary capitalism period, especially various practical problems and contradiction crisis in western social and cultural life. Fromm criticized the capitalism society from the angle of human existence. He put through the idea of establishing a sound humanitarian society by means of mental purification and love of education. It has a certain practical significance for us to get to know people and the capitalist society, and speeds up the construction of our socialist harmonious society. - Through the study of Fromm's theory of alienation, the paper points out the core of Fromm's alienation theory is alienation of human nature. Therefore, according to the steps of phenomenon analysis - the interpretation of roots – develop the useful and discard the useless, it chooses Fromm's alienation theory works in each period as research object, and conducts a comprehensive analysis and interpretation to Fromm's alienation theory. From the aspects of reality of human nature alienation and people's morbid symptoms, it analyzes Fromm's alienation phenomenon; and then it interprets the root causes and sublation of Fromm's human nature alienation theory; finally, it makes an evaluation to Fromm's alienation theory in contribution and limitation, and raises a research prospect by putting forward the theoretical and practical significance. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fiała, Edward T1 - Amor idolatricus w >Pornografii< i >Kosmosie< Gombrowicza. Perspektywa frommowska Amor [Idolatricus in >Pornography< and >Cosmos< by Gombrowicz. A Frommian Perspective] JF - Edward Fiała et al. (Eds.): Psychoanalityczne interpretacje literatury: Freud, Jung, Fromm, Lacan, Lublin (Wydawnictwo KUL) Poland 2012, Polish. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fierman, Louis B. T1 - Review The Boston Change Process Study Group: Change in Psychotherapy – A Unifying Paradigm JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 345-347. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedman, Richard C. A1 - Downey, Jennifer I. T1 - Psychodynamic Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), 005-022. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Obreros y empleados en vésperas del Tercer Reich, Un análisi psicológico-social, Buenos Aires (Fondo cultura economica), 2012, 431 pp. Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.fce.com.ar/ar/libros/detalles.aspx?IDL=7315 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Aggression. Warum ist der Mensch destruktiv? Pocket-Book 22. Freiburg (Centaurus Verlag) 2012, 50 pp. [Vgl. Fromm 1976e] Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.centaurus-verlag.de/aggression.html?xploidID=765a6780362fa9b6ac6322f6c061bc8b ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - co-authored by D. T. Suzuki: Zen ja psykoanalyysi, Helsinki (Basam Books Oy) 2012 Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.basambooks.com/kirja/9789522601056/zen-ja-psykoanalyysi/#.UrMpIeKwStU ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Muistoja tohtori D. T. Suzukista T2 - D. T. Suzuki and E. Fromm, Zen ja psykoanalyysi, Helsinki (Basam Books Oy) 2012, pp. 7-11. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Psykoanalyysi ja Zenbuddhalaisuus JF - D. T. Suzuki and E. Fromm, Zen ja psykoanalyysi, Helsinki (Basam Books Oy) 2012, pp. 99-174. Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.basambooks.com/kirja/9789522601056/zen-ja-psykoanalyysi/#.UrMpIeKwStU ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Rationale und irrationale Autorität JF - Standpunkte der Ethik. Lehrerband, Paderborn (Schöningh) 2012, p. 177. [= E. Fromm, 1947a, GA II, pp. 10 f.] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Entgrenzung des Menschen, Freiburg (Centaurus Verlag) 2012, 52 pp. Y1 - 2012 UR - http://www.centaurus-verlag.de/manufacturer/funk-rainer.html ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gao, Ni T1 - Theory of Marx's Humanism [人本主义对马克思人的学说的丰富和完善] JF - Intelligence [才智], No. 2 (2012), pp. 220-221. N2 - 本文通过对马克思对于人得一些见解以及弗洛姆、马斯洛等一些人本主义学者对于>人<的本质的一系列的探讨,结合马克思主义在具体实践中所出现的关于人的方面一些问题,做一些对于人得发展的思考。 N2 - Based on the Marx who have some insight and Fromm, the humanistic Maslow and some other scholars to explore a series of >human< nature, combined with the concrete practice of Marxism emerged Some questions about the human dimension, people have to do some thinking for development. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Gholamasad, Dawud T1 - Irans neuer Umbruch. Von der Liebe zum Toten zur Liebe zum Leben. Soziologische Diskurse, Hannover (Ecce Verlag), 109 pp. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glucksman, Myron L. A1 - Kramer, Milton T1 - Initial and Last Manifest Dream Reports of Patients in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Combined Psychotherapy/Pharmacotherapy JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 617-634 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gong, Jing T1 - >Catch-22< in the Ethics of Love [《第二十二条军规》中爱的伦理] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Writer Magazine [作家], No. 10 (2012), pp. 26-27. N2 - 《第二十二条军规》反映了现代社会中人性的异化,海勒试图通过这本小说探索人的出路问题。本文结合弗洛姆的伦理思想,解读该小说中海勒对爱的思考和对人类生存处境的人性关怀。 N2 - >Catch-22< reflects the alienation of modern society, human nature, Heller tries to explore people's way out through this novel. Combining ethical thought Fromm, Heller novel interpretation of the love of thinking and living situation of human to human care. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gonzáles Almarez, Evangelina T1 - Escuela de Psicología. Terapia breve. La vida auténtica, Essay, Centro de Ensenanza Téchnica y Superior (Cetys Universidad), Mexicali, Mexico 2014. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grosvenor, Peter T1 - Escape from Theology: Theistic and Nontheistic Religion in the Socialist Humanism of Erich Fromm JF - Ricci, G. R. (Ed.), Politics in Religion (Religion & Public Life, Vol. 38), New Brunswick (Transaction Publishers) 2012, pp. 33-58. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Guan, Jian T1 - The Study of the Western Marxist Theories of Alienation [西方马克思主义异化理论研究], PhD thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2012. N2 - 理论的生命力深深地扎根于现实的土壤中,异化理论之所以倍受关注,是因为现代人仍未摆脱异化的生存境况。在资本主义社会中,异化所达到的程度远远超出马克思在自由资本主义时代描绘的异化劳动的范围,生活在当代资本主义条件下的人,经常处于剥削、失业、破产、危机和战争的威胁之中,感受着孤独、疏远、恐惧、绝望和多种焦虑心理的折磨,异化已经成为令人忧虑且十分普遍的社会现象。因此,正视当今社会存在的异化问题,比较西方马克思主义的异化研究与马克思的劳动异化理论之不同,探索克服异化的途径和方法,不仅可以丰富马克思的异化理论,而且可以赋予异化理论以新的时代内容。论文主要采用历史分析和逻辑分析相结合的方法和比较法。首先通过对西方马克思主义异化理论的历史考察,对其思想内容及其历史地位作出说明,揭示西方马克思主义异化理论在不同时期的继承性和差异性,突出其思想的系统性和逻辑性;其次,通过比较西方马克思主义异化理论与马克思异化理论的共同点和区别,详细分析当今西方发达国家与资本主义发展初期异化的不同表现。论文主要研究了以下几方面的内容:首先,考察西方马克思主义异化理论的思想渊源。包括霍布斯、卢梭、费希特、黑格尔、费尔巴哈的异化理论,重点分析马克思的异化理论。其次,概括西方马克思主义异化理论的发展脉络。包括早期西方马克思主义代表人物卢卡奇的异化理论、法兰克福学派霍克海默的理性异化观、马尔库塞的总体异化理论、弗洛姆的人的异化理论、哈贝马斯的交往异化理论、芬伯格的技术异化理论,还有存在主义萨特和列斐伏尔的异化理论及生态学马克思主义的代表人物阿格尔、莱易斯、奥康纳的异化理论,进而形成系统的、全面的西方马克思主义的异化理论。再次,依据上述理论观点,探讨当今社会异化的各种形式及相关内容,重点研究异化的本质、产生根源、主要表现、严重后果及消除异化的基本途径,特别是分析技术异化、交往异化、日常生活异化、消费异化、文化异化等各种异化产生的时代背景及它们之间错综复杂的关系,分析诸种异化造成的人的生存困境,探索人类社会发展与异化的关系,探究克服异化的方式。最后,分析西方马克思主义异化理论的成绩和局限。探索西方马克思主义异化理论对马克思异化理论的丰富与发展、比较马克思异化理论与西方马克思主义异化理论的不同,指出西方马克思主义异化理论的片面性与乌托邦性。与马克思所生活的时代相比,生产异化已不是最主要的异化,消费异化成为今天异化的主要内容,与此同时,科技异化和交往异化也是不可忽视的,这些在当今西方发达国家出现的异化现象值得我们反思和借鉴,西方马克思主义异化理论对我国现代化进程具有重要的启示。 N2 - The strength of theory is deeply rooted in the heart of realism. The increasing attention given to the Theory of Alienation is due to the fact that men living in modern times have not been able to shake off the survival situation of alienation yet. In a capitalist society, the degree of alienation has gone far beyond the labor scope depicted by Marx in the era of laissez-faire capitalism. People living under the circumstances of contemporary capitalism, constantly threatened by exploitation, unemployment, bankruptcy, crisis and war, are torn by various psychological feelings like loneliness, estrangement, fear, despair and other anxieties, so alienation has become a widespread social phenomenon raising much concern. Therefore, the existence of alienation in modern society should be properly dealt with and different ways and means to de-alienation should be probed into by a comparative study on the differences between the Western Marxist Theory of Alienation and the Marx's Labor Theory of Alienation; as a result, the Marxist Theory of Alienation can be enriched, but also the Theory of Alienation can be endowed with new content of times. - This paper takes on the approach of a comparative analysis as well as one with historical and logical analysis combined. To begin with, it's a study into the history of the Western Marxist Theory of Alienation and the explanation of its ideology and historical status. Then the inheritance and the differences of it in different periods are revealed; the systematic and logical aspects of this idea are highlighted. - Secondly, after a meticulous examination and comparison between the Western Marxist Theory of Alienation and the Marxist Theory of Alienation, the outcome of analysis will show the obvious signs of division between developed countries in the west today and those at an early stage of capitalism. This paper mainly covers the following aspects: firstly, the ideological origin of the Western Marxist Theory of Alienation, including the Theory of Alienation from the perspective of Hobbes, Rousseau, Fichte, Hegel, and Feuerbach, with special emphasis on Marx's Theory of Alienation. Secondly, the development of the Western Marxist Theory of Alienation is generalized, including Lukács' Theory of Alienation of the early Western Marxism, Horkheimer's Rational Alienation of Frankfurt School, Marcuse's General Theory of Alienation, Fromm's Theory of Human Alienation, Habermas' Communicative Action Theory of Alienation, Feenberg's Technological Theory of Alienation; the existentialists Sartre's and Lefebvre's Theory of Alienation and the representative figures of ecological Marxism, and Agger's, Levin Lewis's, O'Connor's Theory of Alienation. All of which together, constitute a comprehensive system of the Western Marxist Theory of Alienation. - Thirdly, at the heart of the aforementioned theories and viewpoints, various forms and subjects of social alienation in modern times are explored. A spotlight will be placed on the nature of alienation, origins, manifestations, consequences and the basic measures to de-alienation. especially on the analysis of the background and the intricate relationships of scientific and technological alienation, communicative action alienation, alienation of daily life, consumption alienation, cultural alienation and others; the survival difficulties caused by alienation of various kinds are also analyzed; and the relationship between the development of human society and alienation as well as the measures to de-alienation are explored. - Finally, the achievements and limitations of the Western Marxist Theory of Alienation are analyzed. A study will be conducted on the contribution and development made by the Western Marxist Theory of Alienation to Marx's Theory of Alienation, and a comparison will be made between Marx's Theory of Alienation and Western Marxist Theory of Alienation. This will point out that the Western Marxist Theory of Alienation is one-sided and Utopian. Compared with our time to that of the one Marx lived in, manufacturing alienation is no longer the main division, but instead, consumption alienation has taken over as the leading role in today's modern society. Simultaneously, scientific and technological and communicative action alienation cannot be ignored. China needs to take into account and learn from its process of modernization as both of these occurrences have already taken place in developed western countries. Therefore, the Western Marxist Theory of Alienation has important implications for China's process of modernization. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Guo, Min T1 - Mental Health Research Viewed from the Perspective of General Problem-Solving [广义问题解决视野下的心理健康研究], Doctoral dissertation, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 2912. N2 - 当今社会,人们的生活节奏不断加快,竞争压力越来越大,来自学习、工作、婚姻、交往等方方面面的问题使得越来越多的人难以应对,严重影响了人们的心理健康。追求心理健康已成为当代社会生活的最重要内容之一。然而,什么是心理健康?心理健康与哪些因素有关?如何才能更好保持心理健康状态呢?无数心理学家仍在寻求这些问题的答案。本文选取广义问题解决的全新视角,提出心理健康就是及时发现并成功解决问题所达到的心理平衡状态。此处的>问题<是广义的,既包括生活当中的各种外部问题(非心理问题),又包括个体内部产生的心理问题(内部问题)。广义问题解决指包括发现问题、评价问题、选择问题和解决问题在内的全过程。心理健康与个人(先天遗传因素与后天发展因素)、社会(家庭环境、学校教育、工作单位、社会氛围、互联网络等)、文化等多种因素密切相关。当任何因素导致个体无法成功解决生活中的种种外部问题时,就可能产生心理问题,严重者甚至导致心理疾病。因此要全面理解心理健康、更好保持心理健康,首先必须理清心理健康、心理问题、心理疾病三者之间的关系。什么是心理健康?什么是心理问题?什么是心理疾病?心理健康、心理问题、心理疾病三者之间有着怎样的关系?心理学家如何理解心理健康?为何选取广义问题解决的研究视角?基于广义问题解决的心理健康观有何特点?广义问题解决各环节与心理健康的关系如何?心理问题的成因是什么?解决心理问题的主要途径与基本方式有哪些?本文分六章来讨论以上问题。第一章>心理健康概述<首先考察健康与心理健康的定义及关系,然后考察心理问题的定义、分类及其与心理疾病的区别。接着考察心理疾病的定义。最后探讨心理健康与心理问题、心理疾病之间的相互关系,三者之间可以相互转化,而转化的关键因素在于广义问题解决。第二章>传统心理健康观评析<分别考察精神分析学派、存在-人本主义学派、认知-行为主义学派代表人物的心理健康观。精神分析学派考察了弗洛伊德、阿德勒、荣格、埃里克森、霍妮、弗洛姆的心理健康观。存在-人本主义学派考察了马斯洛、罗杰斯、罗洛•梅、弗兰克的心理健康观。认知-行为主义学派考察了斯金纳、班杜拉、乔治•凯利的心理健康观。以上心理学家向我们展示不同的视角和风格,为我们进行心理健康研究提供了参照和启发。第三章>基于广义问题解决的心理健康观<首先考察基于广义问题解决的心理健康观的特点,接着简述了广义问题解决的四个环节,然后分别探讨了发现问题与心理健康、评价问题与心理健康、选择问题与心理健康、解决问题与心理健康之间的关系,并分别结合典型案例进行具体分析。第四章>问题的分类及其成因<本文根据研究需要将问题划分为外部问题(非心理问题)与内部问题(心理问题)。外部问题主要包括学习成长问题、职业生涯问题、爱情婚姻问题、人际交往问题等,内部问题可根据其成因分为外因为主型心理问题和内因为主型心理问题,或根据其产生的时程分为急性心理问题和慢性心理问题。然后分析了外部问题与内部问题的成因。第五章>心理问题的主要解决途径<分别从个人视角、社会视角和文化视角探讨心理问题的解决途径。个人视角下的心理问题解决主要包括预防心理问题的发生和正确对待心理问题。社会视角下的心理问题解决主要依赖社会支持系统和专业治疗系统。文化视角下的心理问题解决主要运用哲学文化、科学文化、艺术文化和宗教文化所提供的思维方式。第六章>解决心理问题的三种基本方式<论述了顺应、反抗、超越这三种解决心理问题的基本方式,并进行典型案例分析。这三种基本方式并不是截然分开的,而是相互关联的。在心理问题解决的不同阶段、不同层次可能分别用到这三种基本方式。 N2 - In today’s society, the pace of people’s life continues to accelerate, competitive pressure continues to increase. More and more people have difficult to deal with problems from aspects of learning, working, marriage, and exchanges, which making a serious impact on people’s mental health. Pursuit of mental health has become one of the most important elements of contemporary social life. However, what’s mental health? What factors is related to mental health? How to maintain mental health status? Countless psychologists are still searching for the answers to these questions.– This paper selects the new general problem-solving perspective, proposing that mental health is achieving mental equilibrium by timely discovering and successfully solving problems. The >problem< here is in a broad sense, including various external problems (non-mental problems) in life, and mental problems generated internal (internal problems). General problem-solving refers to the whole process of discovering problems, evaluating problems, selecting problems, and solving problems.– Mental health is closely related to personal factors (genetic factors and acquired factors), social factors (family environment, school education, work units, social atmosphere, the Internet, etc.), cultural and other factors. When these factors cause individuals unable to solve external problems in life successfully, they may have mental problems, or even lead to mental illness. Therefore, to comprehensively understand mental health and better maintain mental health, we must sort out the relationship among mental health, mental problems, and mental illness.– What is mental health? What is mental problem? What is mental illness? What’s the relationship among mental health, mental problems, and mental illness? How to understand mental health by psychologists? Why select the general problem-solving research perspective? What are the characteristics of the concept of mental health based on general problem-solving? What’s the relationship between various aspects of the general problem-solving and mental health? What are the causes of mental problems? What are the main solutions and basic ways to solve mental problems? This article will discuss the above issues in six chapters. - The first chapter >Overview of mental health<: it investigates the definition of health and mental health and their relationship firstly, and then studies the mental problem definition, classification and distinction with mental illness. Then, it inspects the definition of mental illness. Finally, it discusses the relationship among mental health, mental problems, and mental illness. Between the three can be transformed into each other, and the key factor of transformation is the general problem-solving.– The second chapter >Traditional mental health concepts<: it reviews the concept of mental health from representatives of psychoanalytic school, being-humanistic school and cognitive-behaviorism school. In the psychoanalytic school, it reviews the mental health concept of Freud, Adler, Jung, Erikson, Homey, and Fromm. In the being-humanistic school, it reviews the mental health concept of Maslow, Rogers, Rollo May, and Frank. In the cognitive-behaviorism school, it reviews the mental health concept of Skinner, Bandura, and George•Kelly. The above psychologists show us different perspectives and styles, which providing reference and inspiration for mental health research.– The third chapter >the Concept of mental health based on general problem-solving<: it discusses the characteristic of mental health concept based on general problem-solving firstly, then outlined the four areas of the general problem-solving, and then respectively discussed the relationship between finding problems and mental health, evaluating problems and mental health, selecting problems and mental health, solving problems and mental health, which combined with typical cases analysis.– The fourth chapter >Classification of the problem and its causes<: According to the research needs, we divided problems into external (non-mental problems) and internal (mental problems). External problems are including learning and growth problems, career problems, love and marriage problems, interpersonal relationship problems. Internal problems can be divided into external factors predomi-nant mental problems and internal factors predominant mental problems according to its causes, or divided into acute mental problems and chronic mental problems according to its time. And then it analyzes the causes of external problems and internal problems.– The fifth chapter >the Main solutions of mental problems<: it explores methods to resolve mental problems, from personal perspective, social perspective and cultural perspective respectively. Mental problem-solving in the personal perspective mainly includes prevention of mental problems and correct treatment of mental problems. Mental problem-solving in the social perspective mainly relies on social support systems and professional treatment system. Mental problem-solving in cultural perspective mainly applies the way of thinking from philosophical culture, science culture, arts culture and religious culture.– The sixth chapter >Three basic ways to solve mental problems<: it discusses the three basic way of adaptation, resistance, beyond to solve mental problems, combining with typical cases analysis. These three basic ways are not completely separate, but interrelated. Different levels+J27413 or different stages of mental problem-solving, we may use different one of the three basic ways. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Guo, Wenchao T1 - Women's Freedom Tortured by Existence – Interpretation of the Doctrine of >Summer Bird Cage< [生存对女性自由的拷问 - 对《夏日鸟笼》的人本主义解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - >A Summer Bird-Cage< (1963) is the virginal novel of Margaret Drabble (b. 1939), the famous contemporary woman writer in Britain. In the novel, Drabble creates two different characters, Sarah and Louise. Though they are sisters, they vary from one another in life value and pursuit. Through the description of their discrepancies, Drabble uncovers the contemporary British women's predicament. Actually, A Summer Bird-Cage undertakes to reveal the true state of contemporary women, whether the women >in the cage< or >outside of the cage<, cannot escape from alienation and loneliness. Previous scholars and critics have done some research on the theories of alienation, freedom and love, for example, the well-known American humanistic psychologist and philosopher in the 20th century, Erich Fromm has made a profound study on them. Furthermore, several scholars and critics make studies on literary works based on the Fromm's theories. As for A Summer Bird-Cage, there are also a lot of studies on it since its publication, though more to be followed in the future, just as what the thesis intends to do. Based on these studies and enlightened by Fromm's theories, the thesis takes A Summer Bird-Cage as the object of study, trying to analyze the contemporary women's predicament in this novel from the aspects of alienation, freedom and love.– In terms of alienation, Drabble shows a panorama of women's dilemma in the contemporary society in A Summer Bird-Cage, and she studies the various conflicts brought about by the materialized society in the course of industrialization, elaborating that the western modern society is suffering from alienation without love. It follows that alienation as a common phenomenon has spread over each corner of the contemporary society.– As far as freedom is concerned, through the common predicament of both married and unmarried women in A Summer Bird-Cage, it reveals that freedom is double-edged as well as marriage. As for freedom, women pursue it, but too much freedom may not contribute to their predicament. As for marriage, it is not only a >cage< with bondage, but also a >bay< for women to escape from freedom. Freedom or marriage seems like a double-edged sword, torturing women's existence at times. Thus, facing freedom, are women supposed to go after it or escape from it? They are at a loss.– As for love, it is the theme running through A Summer Bird- Cage. Fromm has made a profound study on love in contemporary society, and he makes a conclusion that people's alienation and fear of freedom originate from lacking of love. In the novel, both Sarah and Louise don't have the proper understanding of love. Moreover, they live a life without love. All these result in their predicament. Consequently, it may safely be concluded that, >Love is the answer to the problem of human existence< (Fromm 1956: 7). And love can be the satisfactory answer to the problem of human existence. While, as for the dilemma brought about by the modern civilization, Drabble fails to point out a way-out, and she lacks the courage to overthrow the alienated and male-dominated society.– However, the open ending of the novel also hints that Drabble may see a pin point light penetrating darkness and a ray of hope beyond despair. The greatness of Margaret Drabble lies in the fact that her works reflect women's social predicament vividly and truly. To a certain degree, Drabble's A Summer Bird-Cage provides with an access to the knowable community by depicting the women intellectuals' life in the contemporary society. Essentially, love is only regarded as a struggle for the women, particularly when their existence is threatened. N2 - 《夏日鸟笼》(1963)是英国当代女性作家玛格丽特•德拉布尔的首部小说。在这部小说中,德拉布尔塑造了两个截然不同的姐妹——萨拉和路易斯。通过描写她们对人生的不同感悟和追求,折射出了当代英国女性的生存困境。《夏日鸟笼》实际上揭示了当代英国女性的真实境遇,无论是>笼中鸟<还是>空中雀<,最终都摆脱不了精神上的异化和心灵上的孤独。学术界对人类异化,自由,爱的研究由来已久,如美国二十世纪著名人本主义心理学家、哲学家埃里希•弗洛姆,曾对异化等问题作出较为深刻的研究。而且,也有学者和批评家运用弗洛姆的相关理论对文学文本进行分析。同时,《夏日鸟笼》自出版以来也广受学者和批评家的关注。在此基础之上,本文以《夏日鸟笼》为研究对象,运用弗洛姆相关理论,从异化、自由、爱三个角度,对小说中当代女性的生存困境进行探讨和剖析。关于异化,在《夏日鸟笼》中,德拉布尔通过向读者展示当代社会中女性生存困境的图景,解释了资本主义工业文明在发展的过程中所产生的种种矛盾,阐明了彻底物化了的当今西方社会,已经失去了爱的滋生土壤,演化为一个全面异化的世界。异化,已经作为一种普遍现象,遍及当代西方社会的每一个角落。关于自由,《夏日鸟笼》中的已婚女性和未婚女性的共同困境,昭示了自由如同婚姻一样,是一把双刃剑,过度的自由会加重女性的生存困境,从而对自由产生恐惧并避而远之。同样,婚姻对女性而言,既是束缚自由的鸟笼,又是逃避自由的港湾,它也像一把双刃剑,时刻拷问着女性的生存状态。面对自由,抑或追求,抑或恐惧,女性不知所措。关于爱,这是贯穿《夏日鸟笼》的主题。埃里希•弗洛姆曾经对当代社会中的>爱<做出深入的分析,剖析了当代社会因为缺乏爱而存在的异化问题以及人们对自由的恐惧。小说中的女性角色也正是因为缺乏爱而陷入生存的困境。因此,只有>爱,是对人类生存问题的回答<。(弗洛姆1956:7)爱,可以是解决人类生存问题的较为满意的答案。在小说中,对于现代工业文明给女性带来的种种困境,德拉布尔未能指出一条出路。然而,《夏日鸟笼》开放式的结尾暗示了德拉布尔从黑暗中看到了一丝光明,又或从绝望中看到了一丝希望。《夏日鸟笼》这部作品的价值在于:小说不仅真实生动地描写了当代西方社会女性的生存困境;从某种程度上讲,通过对当代西方社会知识女性的刻画,德拉布尔的《夏日鸟笼》还为读者指明了一条通往可知群体的可行之路。本质上,对于小说中的女性来讲,爱只能被看做是一种挣扎,尤其是当她们的生存受到威胁之时。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haase, Elizabeth T1 - Review Louis Breger: A Dream of Undying Fame: How Freud Betrayed his Mentor and Invented Psychoanalysis JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 537-543. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hao, Hongcui T1 - A Study on Parents’ Response to Children’s Love for Hero Type Cartoons and Suggestions [对家长就幼儿喜爱英雄型动画片所作出的回应行为的研究及相关建议] JF - Early Childhood Education [幼儿教育], No. 36 (2012), pp. 40-42. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available.] This study, using questionnaires and interviews, investigates how parents respond to their children’s love for the hero type cartoons such as Japanese cartoon >Ultraman<, analyzes the influence their education opinions may have on their response. Based on these, the researcher puts forward some related suggestions. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 8/2021] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helmberger-Fleckl, Doris T1 - Review Fromm, E.: Über die Liebe zum Leben. Rundfunksendungen JF - Die Furche, Wien 16. Februar 2012 N2 - In seinen Texten geht Fromm verschiedensten Fragen und Problemen auf den Grund: Er fragt etwa nach dem Zusammenhang zwischen dem Überfluss, in dem unsere Gesellschaft lebt, und dem Gefühl des Einzelnen, überflüssig zu sein ... oder er beschreibt das 'Fiasko der Religion' ... Trotz komplexer Fragestellungen machen die Texte das Buch zu einem kurzweiligen und interessanten Lesevergnügen. Dass auf die Frage 'Wer ist der Mensch? nur eine Annäherung und keine eindeutige Antwort möglich ist, wird man dabei verschmerzen. [Quelle: Buecher.de] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hou, Zuozhen T1 - 暴力與謀殺的背後:論九把刀恐怖小說中的破壞性人格 [Behind the Violence and Murder: On the Destructive Personality in Jiuzhodao's Horror Novels] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - 中國現代文學 [Modern Chinese Literature], Vol. 22 (2012), pp. 215-233. N2 - 恐怖小說向來被視作通俗文學的範疇,較少受到學界的關注,其實在近代西方文學中,恐怖小說佔有重要的位置;在台灣,恐怖小說也有它發展的歷史,並具有特殊的社會文化意涵。本文以台灣網路作家九把刀的恐怖小說為探討對象,他的小說常出現荒謬的謀殺和暴力的場景,而人物往往充滿病態暴力的特質,揭示了現代社會的各種破壞性人格,並以血腥顫慄為惡趣。本文試圖探討這些破壞性人格的塑造,除了挑戰想像力和感官刺激的極限,背後是否具有人類生存困境的指涉,以及對現代工業文明社會的諷喻?本文主要借用佛洛姆的「破壞性人格三階段說」,來分析這些作品所隱藏的深層涵意,並思索破壞性人格的塑造與台灣的政經現狀之間,可能有怎樣的關聯性。 N2 - Horror fiction has long been viewed as one of the realms of popular literature and has rarely been the focus of academia; however, horror fiction plays an important role in modern Western literature. Also, horror fiction has its history and special social, cultural implications in Taiwan. This paper discusses the horror fictions of Internet novelist Giddens Ko. Ko's fictions are full of absurd murders and violent scenes, and the morbid violent qualities of his characters reveal the destructive personalities of modern society and their tacky interests in blood and fear. Furthermore, the paper attempts to study the creation of destructive personality and the possible implications of the dilemma of human survival and the sarcasm of modern industrial society. Fromm's theory of three stages of destructive personality is used in analyzing the implications of Ko's work. The possible connection between the creation of destructive personality and the current political and economic situations in Taiwan is also pondered in this paper. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hu, Jingjing T1 - The Psychological and Aesthetic Significance of Abuse and Masochism [虐待与受虐的心理学美学意义], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Peking University, Beijing, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 埃利希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm:1900-1980)是二十世纪享有盛名的精神分析学家、社会学家,他的许多理论观点发人深省。在他的理论著作《逃避自由》、《健全的社会》等作品中,他给出了这样一种观点:人类社会的发展历程,是各式各样的对自由的逃避,这种种的逃避自由方式,可以叫做对他人的施虐或者受虐的过程。奴隶社会,奴隶与奴隶主之间的关系是互相依赖,他们借助彼此去逃避自由,去获得权力感或放弃自我获得与他人合为一体之感;中世纪的人匍匐在神的脚下,使自己变成神的附属品,交出自己的自由,获得安全感;宗教改革时期,人从出生到死亡都生活在一个被安排好了的环境中,生来注定了职业和地位,因此人也获得了安全感。然而在现代社会,人转而崇拜金钱、权力、名利,把自己交出去,放弃自由换回依赖。施虐与受虐的理论在分析人类社会发展过程上,也许有着偏颇之处,但它依然有着自己的价值。施虐与受虐理论在对>爱<的分析中,有着发人深省的地方。弗洛姆谈到男女之间的爱情,有些是施虐/爱虐式的,这样的爱情,用弗洛姆的理论来看,并不是真正的爱,而是对内心孤独的逃避;父母对子女的爱中也存在这样的误区,父母可能打着爱的名义完全剥夺了子女的自由,这样的爱可以归结为虐待欲——对别人的控制欲。此外,施虐和受虐理论去分析文学艺术作品,也为我们理解文艺作品打开了一扇新的窗口。因此,施虐和受虐理论有着它的实践和理论意义 N2 - Erich Fromm is a well-known American psychoanalyst and Erich Fromm is a well-known American psychoanalyst and social scientist of the twentieth century. He has presented many thought-provoking the theoretical views in his lifetime. In his most important writing >Escape from Freedom<, a famous opinion is given: the development of human society is a kind of escape from freedom, and this escape can be called abuse and abused. He arrived at this view from the development of western civilization. In the slave society, slaves and slave owners relied on each other heavily, so that they could escape from the endless loneliness and fear which were brought by their inadequate freedom. Medieval people gave their freedom to God in order to feel security and peace of mind. In modern society, however, the faith in God fades away, so people turn to money, power, fame and fortune to seek comfort and sense of dependence. The idea of abuse and abused is insightful, and can be effectively applied into the explanation about love between men and women, parents and children. In Fromm's opinion, some love is not true love, but abuse and abused in a sense. The view of abuse and abused has its own value, especially when it helps us analyze works of literature. This paper focuses on this view, and attempts to explain its connotation and to interpret the effect while reviewing its signification and limitations. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ji, Shuqin T1 - The Research on Erich Fromm’s Thoughts of Human Nature [弗洛姆人性思想研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2012. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是法兰克福学派早期的重要成员,也是弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义流派的核心人物。弗洛姆从现实的社会生活出发来探讨人性,不仅强调生物因素对人性的作用,还重视社会政治经济结构对人性的影响,因此人性在结构上是一种囊括社会属性和自然属性、理性思维和情感意志、群体性和个体性等在内的多层次的总体人性。弗洛姆认为处在现实社会生活之中的个人性善或者性恶,不仅取决于家庭环境、文化氛围、社会环境等多种因素的影响,更重要的是具体个人自身选择的结果。弗洛姆鼓励人们抑恶扬善,努力实现善的潜能或倾向,逐步完善人性。弗洛姆也从生物进化学的角度对人性做出了解读,从人类所特有的生存境遇中来研究人性,提出>人的本质就是人的生存所固有的矛盾<的观点。根据这种生存境遇而产生的种种生存矛盾的不同表现,将此区分为>生存的两歧<和>历史的两歧<。由此出发,认为存在着>相关联的需要、超越的需要、生存根基的需要、自我认同的需要、倾向性与献身方式的需要<等五种心理需要。>性格<这一概念的引入是弗洛姆人性思想的一个重要创举,这根源于马克思把人性分为两类,一是>人的一般本性<,二是根据具体的历史时代情境而>发生了变化的人的本性<的观点。在有关性格<的问题上,他区分了个人性格和社会性格,并且把社会性格看作是经济基础与上层建筑之间一个桥梁或者纽带。这是对马克思主义理论的一个十分重要的补充,也为我们观察社会问题提供了一个崭新的视角。笔者认为,弗洛姆的人性思想,一方面在研究方法、现代社会人心内涵解读等方面存在着历史合理性;另一方面,也存在着对意志、情感等非理性因素作用夸大、思想内在矛盾等诸多理论局限性,这是由弗洛姆综合不同理论思想研究的特质所决定的。 N2 - Erich Fromm was an important figure of the Frankfurt School in its early stage, and also a core leader in the Freudianism Marxism. From the reality of the social life to explore the human nature, not only did he emphasize the effect of the biological factors, Fromm but also paid much attention on the social political and economic structure, so the human nature was a overall human nature of multiple levels, including social attribute and nature attribute, rational thinking and emotional activity, group and individual, and other aspects. Fromm thought individual good or evil in the reality of social live not only did depend on the family environment, culture atmosphere, social environment and other factors, but also was the results of the specific personal selection. Fromm encouraged people to speak well of your friends, say nothing of your enemy, strived to achieve good potential or tendency, and gradually perfected the thought of human nature. - At the same time, Fromm made an interpretation of the human nature from the evolutionary biology perspective, and studied the human nature deeply rooted in the unique of the human survival environment, and drew the conclusion that >the essence of man was the inherent paradox of the human existence<. According to such existence situation leading to a variety of different survival contradiction, Fromm made a distinction between >existential dichotomy< and >historical dichotomy<. In this view, he thought there existed five kinds of psychological need: the need of being related, the need of surpass, the need of finding survival root, the need of seeking confirmation, the need of tendency and devotion. - The concept of the character being introduced to Fromm’s thought of human nature was an important pioneering work, which derived from the Marxism that the human nature was put into two categories, one was >the general nature of man<, two was >the changed human nature< based on the specific historical context. About the character, Fromm made a distinction between individual character and social character, and treated the social character as a bridge or ligament between the economic foun-dation and the superstructure. It was an important complement to the Marxism, and provided a new angle of view to observe the social problems. - The author thinks, Fromm’s thought of human nature, on one hand has certain historical rationality of the study on the research method, the interpretation of modern social public feeling connotation; on the other hand, due to exaggerating the effect of the will, emotion and other irrational factors and inherent contradiction in the idea, his thought of human nature has some theoretical limitations. This is due to the trait of Fromm trying to synthesize different theories of different ideologists. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jiang, Qian T1 - An Analysis of Alienation in >The Bluest Eye< [对《最蓝的眼睛》的异化分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2012. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 在当今文坛上,托妮•莫里森是一位极其出色的作家,也是在众多黑人女作家中获得诺贝尔文学奖的第一人。发表于1970年的《最蓝的眼睛》代表着她早期创作的开始。这部小说在展现那些失语的黑人女性的辛酸和苦苦挣扎方面具有极其震撼人心的影响力。在这部作品中,托妮•莫里森深刻地批判了美国的社会、政治、种族歧视和性别歧视。这部作品艺术特色鲜明,如结构新颖、多重叙事角度、象征、隐喻、对比等。这些写作艺术特色吸引着读者,引发读者想象和深思。同时小说与以往的黑人作家着重从政治和经济方面揭示黑人所遭受的歧视和压迫不同,莫里森把自己的注意力更多地投向黑人女性的内心世界。作为一个黑人女作家,托妮•莫里森自身的双重身份使她能走进黑人女性的内心最深处,进而能深刻而细腻地表现黑人女性因长期遭受种族主义和性别歧视的双重压迫而产生的辛酸、苦苦挣扎和扭曲的心理状态。正因为如此,世界上越来越多的人关注她的作品。本论文旨在分析导致异化的各方面的原因以及异化在小说中的表现。本论文共分为导论、正文和结论三大部分。第一部分是导论。主要介绍托妮•莫里森在当今文学史上的地位、主要作品、生活经历,《最蓝的眼睛》的国内外研究现状,本论文研究的方向、独特性及研究的重要意义。国内外以往的学者对于莫里森的研究往往是研究其作品的后殖民主义、女权主义、叙事技巧及艺术特色,但对她作品的异化分析涉及很少,因此本论文结合异化理论对作品进行分析有一定的现实意义。第二部分是正文,由三章组成。第一章着重介绍异化的理论研究、异化主题在西方现代文学中的呈现和莫里森的时代、生活经历以及她的异化主题的建立。本论文的异化主题是基于马克思的异化论、弗洛伊德的心理分析、弗洛姆的人性异化理论,并分析从古希腊到现代每一历史时期异化主题在西方文学中的呈现。本论文结合《最蓝的眼睛》创作时期所特有的历史环境、社会环境,和莫里森本人的生活阅历来论述异化主题的建立,从而说明对《最蓝的眼睛》的异化研究是有一定的理论和现实依据的。第二章具体分析导致异化的原因。《最蓝的眼睛》中的异化特征主要有以下四个原因,分别是:占主导地位的白人文化的影响、爱的缺失、学校教育的失败,以及自我认同感的缺失。黑人日常生活的周围弥漫着对白人文化优越性的宣传,在电视电影中有美丽的白人明星,在糖纸上做广告的是浅肤色的童星,甚至在学校的教材中也有对白人生活完美化的描述。黑人在潜移默化中被白人文化洗脑,渐渐丧失了自己的传统文化,丧失了自我认同感与自信。她们不再爱自己,也没有能力再爱别人,真正地成为与社会格格不入的隐形人。这四个方面原因的总结证明在工业化社会中,人类的异化是有其深层次的根源的,同时表现出在物质高度发展的社会中存在的人性扭曲和精神危机。异化的原因分析应唤起人们的全面发展意识,更加关注心理健康,防止人性异化。第三章探讨异化在该作品中呈现的特征。《最蓝的眼睛》中的异化特征共分为三个部分,分别是家庭成员间关系的异化(包括夫妻关系的异化和父母与子女关系的异化)、社会成员间关系的异化、以及人自我的异化。家庭不再是孩子幸福的港湾,夫妻之间不再互相爱戴,互相关心,取而代之的是漠然和相互鞭打;父母也不再是孩子的保护神,父亲给孩子带来肉体和精神的折磨,母亲对孩子的痛苦无能为力甚至是漠不关心。黑人不仅承受着白人社区带来的伤害,而且默默忍受着本社区同胞邻里之间的漠然和冷漠的态度。黑人是一个弱势群体,本应该坚持自我,互帮互助,齐心协力共同走出困境。然而,这些可怜的人们渐渐地失去自我,失去爱自己爱别人的能力。更糟糕的是,面对自己的处境和别人的无助,他们毫无作为,甚至相互欺凌,试图从弱者的痛苦中得到相对的满足。通过对这些异化特征的分析,现代人的生活困境及精神荒原一目了然。最后一部分是结论,这部分简要总结本论文的研究目的和研究意义。通过对异化的研究,本论文旨在揭示人的异化,展现人类精神世界的荒原。对于中国这个发展中的国家而言,在物质文明快速发展的同时,关注精神文明的建设也是至关重要的。笔者期在通过本论文当代人能在社会中找到自我,关注当代人的精神危机,防止异化。人们只有不再异化,人际关系才能和谐,才能构建社会主义和谐社会。 N2 - Toni Morrison is an outstanding writer in the contemporary literary world and is also the first black female Nobel Prize laureate for literature. >The Bluest Eye<, published in1970, is one of her earliest works. This novel has powerfully presented the silenced black women's bitterness and struggle because of the long-term double oppression of racial discrimination and gender discrimination. In this novel, Morrison has profoundly criticized the American society, its political prejudice, its racial discrimination and its gender discrimination. In >The Bluest Eye<, Morrison has shown several prominent artistic features, such as the structure of the novel, multiple narratives, symbols, metaphors and contrasts, which have attracted people to read and to imagine and contemplate. Unlike those writers who emphatically reveal the black people's economic prejudice and political prejudice, she pays more attention to the black women's inner world. As a black female writer, her own dual identity enables her to penetrate deeply into black women's inner world and reveal their psychological bitterness, desperation and distortion under the powerful oppression of racism and sexism. Therefore, more and more people have begun to pay attention to her novels. This thesis analyzes the causes of the alienation and the alienation features in this novel. It consists of three parts: an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion. - The introduction briefly introduces Toni Morrison's significant status in the current literary history, her main novels, life experience, current study situation of >The Bluest Eye<, the direction, uniqueness and importance of this research. Both domestic and overseas studies on Morrison mostly dwell on post colonialism, feminism, the special narrative devices and writing features. But currently comprehensive and creative researches on the analysis of alienation in >The Bluest Eye< can hardly be found. Therefore, this thesis will analyze the novel based on alienation theories, which has certain practical significance. - The main body consists of three chapters. Chapter One mainly introduces the alienation theories, the alienation theme in western literature, Morrison's times, life experience and the foundation of the alienation theme. The alienation analysis of this thesis is based on Karl Marx's alienation theory, Freud's psychoanalysis, and Fromm's alienation theory. This chapter also analyzes the alienation features in western literature in every single history period from ancient Greece. This thesis illustrates and analyzes the foundation of the alienation theme with the combination of the historical background, social environment where >The Bluest Eye< is created and her own life experience. Therefore, all these show that the analysis of alienation in >The Bluest Eye< has both theoretical foundations and practical basis. - Chapter Two specifically analyzes the causes of alienation. There are four causes: influence of the dominant white culture, absence of love, failure of school education, and loss of self-identification. The advertisement and broadcast about the superiority of the white culture pervade everywhere in the black's daily life. There are white stars on the TV screen, the light-skin children stars on the candies' package, and the excessive description of the white people's life in a perfect way wrongly. The black are gradually brain washed unconsciously. Then they lose themselves, abandon their traditional culture and have no self-confidence. They stop loving themselves and they lose the ability of loving others, which means that they become the invisible men in the society. These four causes summarize that the human's alienation has its profound origins in this society, and manifest the distortion of human nature and spiritual crisis in the highly developed material society. These causes of alienation should wake people to pay more attention to the comprehensive development and psychological health to avoid human alienation. - Chapter Three explores features of alienation in this novel. The features include three aspects, respectively alienated relationship among family members (including alienated relationships between husband and wife and the alienated relationships between parents and children), alienated relationship among social members, and the protagonist's self-alienation. An alienated family is no longer a harbor for a child where the couples beat and torture each other instead of loving and taking good care of each other; parents stop playing the patron role or protecting role in a child's life. Instead, father brings sufferings to the child both physically and mentally and mother is either powerless to protect or indifferent to the child's sufferings. The black community not only has to suffer the discrimination from the white, but also has to endure the indifference from their neighborhood in the same black community. The black community is relatively weak and inferior, so people in the same black community are supposed to adhere to themselves and their culture, help one another, support each other and unite together to get rid of their difficulty or trouble. However, these poor people gradually lose themselves and their capacity of love. What is worse, when they are in front of their own desperate situation and others' helplessness, they haven't taken any action to fight back. Instead, they bully the relatively weaker ones in order to gain a kind of satisfaction from others' pain. The modern people's dilemma and spiritual waste land are unfolded through the analysis of these features of alienation in daily life. - The conclusion summarizes the purpose of the thesis and its significance. Through the study and research of alienation, the thesis aims to reveal human's alienation and the present waste land of human's spiritual world. The thesis also expresses the expectation of the further study and research into the alienation in Morrison's other works. As to China, a developing country, it is very crucial to promote the development of the spiritual civilization as the material civilization develops in this fast developing materialized society. The thesis expects the modern people to identify themselves in the material society and to pay more attention to their spiritual crisis to avoid alienation. As long as there is no human alienation, there are true harmonious relationships among people. Only in this case can a really harmonious society be constructed. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jiang, Tianping T1 - American Novels in Mid-20th Century [异化中的>屈从性崇拜<——析二十世纪中期美国小说中被异化的疯癫] JF - Journal of University of South China (Social Science Edition) [南华大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 1 (2012), pp. 118-122. N2 - 20世纪50、60年代的美国文化思潮急剧转变。理性与非理性交替影响时代文学的生成。神经错乱或精神失常形象成为文学创作中一个重要的文学现象。人物形象的生成方面是个体因为与主流社会的差异而抗议,另一类则因欲望对人性的异化造成欲念狂人。弗洛姆认为异化是致人精神失常的重要因素之一。屈从性崇拜是对自身欲望的顺从而丧失自我。被异化的>疯癫<往往具有恶的品质,折射出其背后的作者所批判的时代文化精神。文章罗列各种被异化的形象,分析其表现以及背后的文化成因。 N2 - In the 1950s and 1960s the United States of America has witnessed the sharp cultural transition. Trains of rational and irrational thoughts have influenced greatly the literature alternately. Madman has constituted one of the important literary phenomena, because of the conflict of the individual and the mainstream of American society, and partly the alienation of humanity by desire. Fromm thinks that alienation is one of the important factors for mental disorder. The worship obedient to original desires leads to loss of self. Madness caused by alienation often has done evil, and reflected the authors' criticism against the cultures and spirits of the times behind the literary phenomenon. This paper attempts to list all kinds of alienated images, and analyze its performance as well as the cultural causes. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jiao, Yuliang A1 - Qi, Wunian T1 - Fromm’s Humanistic Ethics View and Our School Moral Reflection [弗洛姆人道主义伦理学视域下对我国学校德育的反思] JF - Education Research Monthly [教育学术月刊], No. 4 (2012), pp. 19-21. N2 - 弗洛姆的人道主义伦理学主张通过发展个人潜能来达到道德培育的目的。他批判了权威主义伦理学压抑人性的做法,认为那只会造就破坏性的人格结构;只有发展人的潜能和培养人的自信,才能生产出创造性的人格结构。在当前我国社会上道德问题频发的背景下,人道主义德育理论有助于批判和反思当前教育制度中的权威主义因素,找到解决德育困境的办法。 N2 - Fromm humanitarian ethics advocated by the development of individual potential to achieve the purpose of moral nature. He criticized the practice of authoritarian ethics repressed humanity, that it will only create a destructive personality structure; Only the development of human potential and develop self-confidence, in order to produce a creative personality structure. In the current context of China's social and moral issues frequent humanitarian moral education theory help critique and reflection factors of authoritarianism in the current education system, to find a way to solve the moral education predicament. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jiménez, Xavier A1 - et al., T1 - Countertransference in the General Hospital Setting: Implications for Clinical Supervision JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 435-450. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Josephs, Lawrence T1 - The Adaptive Functions of Sexual Plasticity:   The Suppression and Surreptitious Expression of Human Sociosexuality JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 243-274 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joyce, Anthony S. A1 - et al., T1 - A Naturalistic Trial of Brief Psychodynamic Therapy for Recurrent Major Depression JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 645-672. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Judd, Patricia A. T1 - Neurocognitive Deficits in Borderline Personality Disorder: Implications for Treatment JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 091-110. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalman, Thomas P. T1 - Review Vamik D. Volkan: Psychoanalytic Technique Expanded:  A Textbook on Psychoanalytic Treatment JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 366-376. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalman, Thomas P. A1 - et al., T1 - Do Psychopharmacologists Speak to Psychotherapists? A Survey of Practicing Clinicians JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 275-286 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kamau, Caroline T1 - On Erich Fromm: Why He Left the Frankfurt School JF - D. Berry (Ed.), Revisiting the Frankfurt School: Essays on Culture, Media and Theory, London: Ashgate Publishing, 2012, pp. 185-205. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Katz, Debra A. A1 - et al., T1 - The Cost of Chronic Stress in Childhood: Understanding and Applying the Concept of Allostatic Load JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 469-480. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kestenbaum, Clarice J. T1 - Childhood Precursors of Personality Disorders: Evaluation and Treatment JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 111-130. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirsch, Thomas B. T1 - Review C.G. Jung: The Red Book (also known as Liber Novus, edited by Sonu Shamdasani) JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 350-353. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kozlarek, Oliver T1 - Humanismus als Kritik, Erich Fromms >Homo negans< und die schöpferische Liebe in der humanistischen Psychologie JF - Straub, J. (Ed.), Der sich selbst verwirklichende Mensch: Über den Humanismus der Humanistischen Psychologie, Bielefeld (Transcript Verlag) 2012, pp. 153-178. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lefer, Jay T1 - Review Otto Kernberg: The Inseparable Nature of Love and Aggression – Clinical and Theoretical Perspectives JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 693-695- Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Leng, Yandan T1 - An Analysis of Zweig's Novels from the Perspective of Fromm's Theory [茨威格小说的弗洛姆式解读], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Zweig left us with many excellent works as a Jewish writer writing in German. His poetry, novels, plays and biographies have made impressive achievements in the Literature domain, especially his novel writing, which have a wide range of readers in the world. With an entry point of alienation, this paper, which takes Zweig’s novels as the research object, is based on the novel texts as well as using Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis theories. The thesis is composed of four chapters: Chapter one includes a brief introduction of Zweig’s life, the general plot summary of his novels as well as the critical responses to them home and abroad. At the same time, this part makes a general introduction to the theoretical system of Fromm’s humanism. His humanistic theory mainly talks about three issues, namely, the theory of escaping from freedom, the theory of alienation and the love theory.– Chapter two applies Fromm’s alienation theory to the description of Zweig’s novel world. Alienation has pervaded every corner of his creation which is displayed in the following two aspects: people are alienated by the war; the relationship between work and the people is alienated. This chapter also analyzes the psychological causes of the alienation.– Chapter three applies Fromm’s love theory to analyze the way advocated by Zweig to resist the alienation.– Chapter four, driven by alienation, the character in his work often leads to tragic ending. In Zweig’s life, meanwhile, there is a trace of alienation. The personality factors of Zweig’s early experience and his Jewish identity have caused the anxiety of his heart while creative activities provide balance for the anxiety. Here, by the application of Fromm’s theory, the thesis gives an analysis to Zweig’s loneliness and his need of freedom. And the analysis centers on his relationship with his mother during his childhood.– The final chapter is the part of conclusion. It summarizes the factors of Zweig’s tragedy and maintains the importance and significance of a humanistic interpretation of his novels. N2 - 作为一名用德语写作的犹太作家,茨威格给我们留下了许多优秀的作品,他在小说、戏剧和人物传记方面都取得了不俗的成就,尤其是他的小说创作,在世界范围内拥有广泛的读者群。本文以茨威格的小说文本为基础,运用弗罗姆的人本主义精神分析学的相关理论,探究其中的异化主题。本文共由四章组成:第一章首先简单介绍了茨威格的生平,他在世界文学史上的地位及其小说的主要特点,并提出了本文所要讨论的论题。接着概括了国内外茨威格研究的现状,指出本文的研究方法并简要介绍了弗洛姆的人本主义理论,主要是异化理论、逃避自由理论以及爱的理论。第二章运用弗洛姆的异化理论分析了茨威格小说中的异化主题,主要体现在劳动中人的异化和战争中人的异化这两方面。并且借助于逃避自由理论分析了异化形成的心理机制。第三章运用弗洛姆爱的理论分析茨威格在小说文本中提出的拯救异化的途径,概括出在异化和拯救异化的过程中的激情以及激情的双重性。第四章由小说中的异化延伸到作家其他作品和作家生命中的异化,结合作家的生活经历,如他童年时和母亲的关系,社会历史背景和种族身份等,分析作为异化主要呈现形式的激情的本质特征,及其在对抗异化的过程中所起的作用。最后是论文的结论部分,总结了茨威格小说和人生中对抗异化失败的原因,并强调了运用弗洛姆的人本主义理论对茨威格的小说进行解读的重要性和意义 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Levendosky, Alytia A. A1 - et al., T1 - The Effects of Intimate Partner Violence on Women and Child Survivors: An Attachment Perspective JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 397-434. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Biyan T1 - To Have or to Be – >Song of Solomon< Black Way of Life, Master thesis [占有还是生存 - 对《所罗门之歌》中黑人生存方式的探讨], English Language and Literature, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Song of Solomon is the first African-American woman Nobel Prize laureate Morrison's representative novel. The Regard and wide Acclaim and catapults Morrison of its publication receives high into the ranks of the most revered contemporary writer The glamour of the novel, the author believes, lies most in Morrison's exploration of the mode of existence for contemporary African-Americans and even for contemporary mankind. As for this respect, few researches set foot in home and abroad and the research into the respect is attractive and worthy. The thesis thus studies the mode of existence in the novel. In >To Have or to Be<, Erich Fromm proposes his theory that people exist in one of two states: the having mode or the being mode. In the having mode, one is obsessive with material possession, acquisitiveness, power and aggression and such kind of existence yields evils such as greed, jealousy, and violence. In the being mode, one concentrates on sharing and engages in meaningful, creative, and productive activity as the mode is based on love. According to Fromm, the having mode would bring the world to the brink of psychological and ecological disaster and thereby he appeals people to live the being mode of life. The thesis combines Fromm's theory with the description of the state of life in the novel and aims at studying Morrison's thought on the option of the modes of existence. The thesis falls into three chapters.– The first chapter deals with the having mode of existence.– The second chapter handles with the being mode of existence.– The third chapter is mainly about the option between the two modes of existence. In all, the study on the mode of existence could not uncover the charm of the novel fully. But through the study, the life state and mode of African-Americans are fully revealed. Moreover, the study unveils Morrison's thought on African-Americans' future and destiny, that is, the having mode could distort blacks' life and soul and the best way for blacks is to live the being mode of life and treasure their cultural traditions and values; only in this way can African-Americans live better in America and find real happiness and meaning in their life. N2 - 《所罗门之歌》是第一位非裔美国黑人女性诺贝尔文学奖得主莫瑞森的代表作。该部作品的发表受到高度的关注和广泛的欢迎并奠定了莫瑞森作为当代最重要的作家的地位。笔者认为该作品的魅力主要在于莫里森对非裔美国黑人乃至人类生存方式的探索。在这方面,目前国内外鲜有人涉足研究。笔者认为对此展开研究是有吸引力和值得的。因此,笔者在这篇论文中意在探讨《所罗门之歌》中的生存方式。在《占有还是生存》中,弗洛姆指出人们生存于重占有和重生存这两种方式之间。在重占有的生存方式中,人们注重物质拥有、获取、权力和掠夺,而这种生存方式导致人类的诸多恶行,如贪婪、嫉妒、暴力等。在重生存的生存方式中,因其是基于爱之上的,人们注重分享、注重参与有意义、有创造性的活动。弗洛姆认为重占有的生存方式将把人类引向心理和生态混乱的边缘,因而他呼吁人们选择重生存的生存方式。本文结合弗洛姆的生存理论和小说文本,旨在探讨莫里森的生存观。本文主要分为三章。第一章探讨了小说中重占有的生存方式。第二章分析了小说中重生存的生存方式。第三章论述了小说主人公对这两种生存方式的抉择。总之,对该部作品生存方式的研究无法穷尽小说的魅力,但是通过研究,非裔美国黑人的生存状态和方式得以较为全面的揭示。此外,本文揭示了莫里森对非裔美国黑人种族前途和命运的思索,也即本文的主旨:重占有的生存方式导致黑人灵魂和生活的扭曲;黑人最好的出路在于拥抱重生存的生存方式和黑人文化传统和价值观念;唯有如此,黑人才能在美国社会中能更好的生活,才能寻找到真正的生活幸福和意义。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Bo T1 - Analysis of Fromm’s Theory of Man [浅析弗洛姆人学思想], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Shanxi University, Taiyun, Shanxi, China 2012. N2 - Current, worldwide, along with the continuous development of science and technology, man and nature, man and society, man and its contradiction is increasingly acerb, the problems on the existence and development of human threat, therefore, people gradually aroused the attention of scholars at home and abroad. Fromm as the main representative figures in the Frankfurt school, is a renowned psychologist in the west, is a rich person study thought by scholars, based on Fromm’s theory of human comprehensive carding system, consists of three parts.– The first part of Fromm’s human thought theory origin. Mainly to the Fromm made a brief introduction, elaborated Fromm person study thought is put forward in the background of the times and Fromm person study thought theory origin.– The second part of human nature as the core concept, from the four levels of carding Fromm person study thought. First of all, the contradiction of human nature as the logical starting point, by human nature and human existence, human nature and human survival needs, human nature and the relationship between free to interpret human nature; secondly, from the psychology angle to analysis the concept of alienation, alienation in the human interpretation of the unconscious and alienation in the modern west a variety of social performance, reveals the essence of capitalist alienation is the alienation of human nature; again, discusses the contemporary capitalist society people escape from freedom of roots and way; finally, in order to eliminate the alienation of human nature, to achieve the perfect society, Fromm proposed to psychological revolution social transformation scheme, namely in the >moral< on the foundation, at the same time to the community to carry out economic, political, cultural and other aspects of the change, the psychological revolution and social reform to combine, the all-round development of man.– The third part of the Fromm person study thought evaluation. In this chapter the finishing touch, explains Fromm person study thought the transcendence and its positive value; Fromm concerned the capitalist society people’s survival condition, therefore, his thought has the necessity and feasibility, but he discusses the way to solve the problem are the subjective psychological experience, so his solution has a utopia; at the same time Fromm humanism is also desirable and the place that draw lessons from, in the transition period in China, how to pay attention to the problems in person, how to achieve the person’s freedom, how to promote the construction of a harmonious society plays an important enlightening role. N2 - 当今,世界范围内,随着科技的不断发展,人与自然、人与社会、人与自身的矛盾日益尖锐,这些问题对人的生存与发展构成威胁,因此,人学逐渐引起国内外学者的广泛关注。弗洛姆作为法兰克福学派的主要代表人物之一,是一位在西方享有盛誉的心理学家,也是一位具有丰富人学思想的学者,论文对弗洛姆的人学思想进行全面系统的梳理,共由三个章节构成。第一章阐述弗洛姆人学思想的理论渊源。在这个章节当中主要阐述了弗洛姆人学思想提出的时代背景、弗洛姆人学思想的理论渊源。第二章讲述了弗洛姆人学思想的主要内容。首先,通过人性的涵义、人的境遇、人的需要来诊释人性;其次,阐释了弗洛姆的异化观,现代社会中异化的各个方面以及异化下形成的社会性格,弗洛姆从中指出资本主义异化的实质是人性的异化;再次,论述了人们逃避自由的根源和方式;最后,弗洛姆为了实现人类的真正自由以及对人的真正自我的恢复,他提出了以心理革命为主的社会变革方案。第三章是对佛洛姆人学思想的评价。在这个章节画龙点睛,阐释了弗洛姆人学思想的超越性及它的正面价值;弗洛姆一直致力于解决人性异化的问题,他的一些观点是值得我们认同和支持的,而且他的思想具有现实性和可行性,但是他把异化简单的看作是一种主观的心理体验,他没能找到产生异化的真正根源是资本主义的私有制,因此他的解决方案具有乌托邦色彩;同时弗洛姆的人学思想也有可取和借鉴的地方.对处于转型时期的我国来说,在如何关注人的问题、如何实现人的自由、如何推进和谐社会的建构等方面具有重要的启发作用。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Chunhua T1 - Civilian Military Library Research Librarian Shaping Personality [军校图书馆文职馆员的人格塑造研究] JF - Lantai World [兰台世界], No. 5 (2012), pp. 73-74. N2 - 社会心理学家弗洛姆说过:>人生的主要使命是自我成长,成为与他潜能相符合的人,人生奋斗最重要的成果,就是自己的人格。<应该如何培养新时期军校图书馆文职馆员健康的人格素养呢?本文对此作了初步回答。 N2 - Social psychologist Erich Fromm said: >The main mission in life is self-growth, the potential to become consistent with his people, the most important outcome of the struggle of life, is his personality<. How should develop new period Military library Librarian healthy personality civilian literacy it? This article makes a preliminary answer to this. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Dan T1 - Research on Utopian Thought: Exploration, Development Process, Comparative Analysis [乌托邦思想研究:理论探微•发展脉络•殊异甄析], Doctoral dissertation, Foreign Marxism Research, Jilin University, Changchun, China 2012. N2 - >乌托邦<,顾名思义,即没有寄寓之所的国度。乌托邦是对人类完美社会的理想设计,不过它只能寄托在远离现实的时空之中。本文本着对于乌托邦思想提供借鉴价值的宗旨来展开乌托邦马克思主义的研究,重点论述了>乌托邦<研究的构建、乌托邦的马克思主义、近代中国>空想社会主义<的梳理、欧洲历史上>空想社会主义<的探寻,并且阐述了>乌托邦<在中国的殊异与特征,从不同侧面来加以发现它的高深和精妙之处,指引我国乌托邦马克思主义又好又快发展。第1章,绪论。主要对容易混淆的相近词的概念加以厘定,并且介绍了选题价值、结构安排和研究方法。中国的>乌托邦<与欧洲的>乌托邦<的演进趋势基本类似,它们在不少方面是相通的,这些在一定程度上反映了乌托邦马克思主义的共同规律。我国乌托邦马克思主义既吸收了欧洲历史上空想社会主义思想的优秀成果,但又不是对它的简单照搬;虽然比它晚出,却因此而比它更科学。第2章,>乌托邦<研究的构建。正像卡尔•曼海姆所警告的那样:>如果摒弃了乌托邦,人类将会失去塑造历史的愿望,从而也会失去理解它的能力。<但是如果不同时期摒弃历史和乌托邦,中国乌托邦的历史演进决不可能完全按照乌托邦的模式来塑造,进而形成不同形态的乌托邦。第3章,乌托邦的马克思主义。早在17世纪,早期的乌托邦社会主义理论家提出了社会发展的乌托邦思想。在这样的历史中,国外马克思主义倡导>现代乌托邦<思想的流派诞生了。其代表人物有:布洛赫、弗洛姆、马尔库塞、哈贝马斯等。乌托邦马克思主义者是资本主义的坚定批判者,也是社会主义理想的坚定支持者。第4章,近代中国>空想社会主义<的梳理。首先,介绍了近代中国空想社会主义的发展历程。从十九世纪五十年代到二十世纪初,科学社会主义传入之前,中国出现过四种形态的空想社会主义思想,即农业社会主义、大同主义、民生主义与无政府主义。其次,介绍了其进步性。近代中国空想社会主义在各个历史时期,对当时的政治实践,都在不同程度上起到推动作用。再次,介绍了其消极性。近代中国空想社会主义一方面作为一种理想,曾鼓舞过人们当时的斗争热忱,另一方面作为实践纲领,对当时的斗争又起过某种破坏作用。最后,介绍了近代中国空想社会主义的典型代表。主要以近代中国的空想社会主义为研究对象,研究视阈覆盖洪秀全、康有为、梁启超、孙中山和刘师复等人的观点。第5章,欧洲历史上的>空想社会主义<的探寻。本部分主要介绍欧洲历史上空想社会主义的发展历程、主要贡献和典型代表。空想社会主义作为社会主义发展的一个重要时期,它是不成熟的资本主义生产状况和阶级状况的产物。它反映了早期无产阶级迫切要求改造现存社会,建立美好社会的理想,表达了他们的经济利益和政治要求,是早期无产阶级反抗资本主义剥削压迫的理论表现。第6章,>乌托邦<在中国的殊异与特征。本部分主要介绍>乌托邦<在中国的思想渊源、未来社会理想蓝图和理想社会实现途径的不同与其在中国的实践性和世界性层面上的特征。 N2 - >Utopia<, as the name it is not in the country. Utopia is an ideal design of perfect society on human, but it only can be placed far away from the reality. It is a research on the utopian to provide reference value of the purpose to launch the utopian Marx doctrine. It focuses on the study of >Utopia< construction, the Marx doctrine, Utopia in modern Chinese >Utopian Socialist<, European history >Utopian Socialist< of the search, and the >Utopia< in Europe and China do in comparison. It is between in its depth and subtlety. And how to be fast development in Utopia of our country. - The 1st chapter, introduction. Mainly on the concept of confusingly similar words to be determined, and introduced the topic values, structure, framework and research method. There exist many commonalities on Utopia of China and Western is essentially similar, they are communicating in many areas, which partly reflects the Marx doctrine of Utopia. The newly proposed scientific development view of China's both to absorb the outstanding achievements of European history of Utopian, but it is not a simple copy; although later than it, but consequently more scientific than it.– The 2nd chapter, study on the construction of >Utopia<. As Karl Manheim warned: >If abandoned Utopia, humans will lose shape the history of aspiration, which will also lose the ability to understand it. But in different period, it is discard historical and Utopia, Utopia Chinese history can never be fully in accordance with the utopian mode to shape, thus it is a different form of utopia.– The 3rd chapter, the Marx doctrine of Utopia. In early seventeenth Century, early utopian socialist theorists put forward social development thought of utopia. In this history, the Marx doctrine advocates abroad >Modern Utopia School, it was born. Its representatives are: Bloch, Fromm, Marcuse, Habermas. Utopia of Marx is a capitalist firm critic, and it is a staunch supporter of socialist ideal.– The 4th chapter, comb >Utopian Socialist< in Modern Chinese. First of all, introduced the modern Chinese utopian socialism development process. In the eighteen fifties to the early twentieth century, there are four forms of utopian socialism, namely agricultural socialism, cosmopolitanism, people's livelihood and anarchism. Secondly, introduces its progress. Modern Chinese utopian socialism in each historical period, on the political practice, from varying degrees to rise to urge action. Utopian socialism in Modern Chinese as an ideal, one inspired the people then struggle enthusiasm, on the other hand, as the practice program, it had to struggle and played a destructive role. Finally, introduced the modern Chinese utopian socialist representative. Mainly in the modern Chinese utopian socialism as the research object, research scope covers Hong Xiuquan, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Sun Zhongshan and Liu Shifu's point of view and so on.– The 5th chapter, Search on the history of the European >Utopian Socialist<. The main part of the European history in utopian socialism development process, the main contribution and typical representative. Utopian socialism as an important period of the development, it is not mature capitalist production status and class status of products. It reflects the early proletariat urgent request transform the existing society, and it is established a good social ideal, expressed their economic interests and political requirements. It is the early proletariat against capitalism exploitation and oppression of the academic performance.– The 6th chapter, >Utopia< in China its differences and characteristics. It is the main part of the >Utopia< in China's ideological origin, social ideal and social ideal blueprint for the future realization of different. And they are features of practice and world in China. [Author‘s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Jian A1 - Xie, Hongkun T1 - Fromm's Social Character of Alienation and Contemporary Enlightenment [弗洛姆的社会性格异化及其当代启示] JF - Journal of Yanan University (Social Science Edition) [延安大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 6 (2012), pp. 16-19. N2 - 弗洛姆从社会性格的角度揭示了现代工业社会中人的异化状态,社会性格是连结经济基础和社会意识的中介、能够维系社会稳定、促进人的行为,但社会性格的异化却使人丧失了主体性和自主意识,导致创造性的消失,以及人与人关系的不和谐。而且,弗洛姆认为,培养理性和爱以及建立和谐人际关系可以扬弃社会性格的异化,这一理论对我国社会的全面转型和社会性格的培养都具有重要的借鉴意义。 N2 - Fromm from the perspective of the social character of the state reveals the alienation of modern industrial society the human, social and economic base character is linked intermediary social consciousness, able to maintain social stability and the promotion of human behavior, but the character of the community alienation but people lost their subjectivity and self-consciousness, leading to the disappearance of discord creativity and interpersonal relationships. Moreover, Fromm believes that training and the establishment of a rational and harmonious interpersonal relationships and love can abandon social character of alienation , this theory of a comprehensive restructuring of culture and social character of our society have an important reference. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Ling T1 - Reflection and Inspiration – Fromm's Personality Theory [反思与启示 - 弗洛姆人格理论研究], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2012. N2 - Fromm was a famous 20th-century Western psychologist, sociologist, philosopher, humanist, founder of [sociological] psychoanalysis. In the field of psychology, he is the representative of psychoanalytic school of culture and synthesizer; in philosophy, he is a Marxist Freudianism, well-known representative of the early Frankfurt School, one of founders of the new Freudianism. The study of his life is related to the commodity economy in a modern industrialized society survival problems and solutions; human survival has always been a cross-cutting ideas. As an important representative of the Frankfurt School, Fromm adheres to their school characteristics. By the absorption related to the theory of Marx and Freud at the same time try to turn the doctrine of the two should be integrated in order to create its new humanitarian ethics, said. Fromm concerned about the people, concerned about the plight of modern man to survive, their lives, their academic purpose for the modern man has always been to explore both from an individual alone can get a personalized path to independence, so that the modern effort to understand the self, the formation of a truly independent personality, lifting the shackles of suffering and attain true happiness. The main purpose of this article on Fromm's personality theory, research, analysis of this theory, the basic content and make their assessments. This paper first describes the home and abroad. In the study of personality for the study of this question have any meaning in our country.– Second, introducing the background of the formation of Fromm's theory of personality, including the growth of their special experience, background and life of the times the practice of psychoanalysis, focused on analyzing the formation of Fromm's theory, the theoretical basis of personality, personality theory with a view to Erich Fromm. The study provides historical and theoretical background.– Finally, the analysis of pros and contras of Fromm's theory of personality and its theory of the rational component of China's construction and development of revelation. At present, China is in a critical period of building a harmonious society, Fromm’s personality theory can promote the overall development of China, for us to correctly handle the relationship between human development and economic and social development, to enable people to harmonious development of man and nature, man and society, and promote the transition period of personality and spiritual civilization are of great significance. [Author’s translation] N2 - 弗洛姆是20世纪西方著名的心理学家、社会学家、哲学家,人本主义精神分析学的创始人。在心理学领域,他是精神分析学派文化的代表和集大成者;在哲学领域,他是弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义者,法兰克福学派早期著名代表人物之一,新弗洛伊德主义创始人。他一生研究的问题都是有关在现代工业化商品经济社会里人的生存困境与出路,人的生存问题一直贯穿其思想的始终。作为法兰克福学派的重要代表人物,弗洛姆秉承其学派特点,在吸收马克思和弗洛伊德相关理论的同时力图把二者的学说加以综合,以创立其新的人道主义伦理学说。弗洛姆关注人,关注现代人的生存困境,终其一生,其学术宗旨始终在为现代人探索一条既能摆脱个人孤独又能获得个性独立的道路,以使现代人努力认清自我,形成真正独立的人格,解除痛苦的束缚而获得真正的幸福。本文的主旨在于对弗洛姆的人格理论的研究,分析这一理论的基本内容并作出评价。文章首先介绍了国内外对于人格问题的研究情况,以及对于这一问题的研究在我国有何意义。其次,介绍了弗洛姆人格理论形成的背景,包括其特殊的成长经历、生活的时代背景及精神分析的实践,重点分析了弗洛姆人格理论形成的理论基础,以期为弗洛姆人格理论的研究提供历史和理论背景。第三,重点介绍了弗洛姆人格理论的基本内容。最后,分析了弗洛姆人格理论的得失及其理论中的合理成分对我国建设发展的启示。当前,我国正处于构建和谐社会的关键时期,对弗洛姆人格理论的研究可以推动我国对人的全面发展的研究,为我们正确处理人的发展与经济社会发展的关系,实现人与人、人与自然、人与社会的和谐发展,促进转型时期的人格塑造和精神文明建设都具有重要意义。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Li, Xiaoyan T1 - Split Behind the Dilemma. >Grass is Singing< Mary's Tragedy Analysis [《困境后的分裂 - 《野草在歌唱》中玛丽的悲剧分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - >The Grass Is Singing< is Doris Lessing's first novel taken Africa as background. It receives wide attention as soon as it is published for its vivid and overall description of colonial life. Through a meticulous depiction of Mary Turner's living background and personality development, Lessing presents us a clear view of the colonial life, thus revealing the brutal oppression of colonization and the living crisis of the white settlers. Under the guidance of Marx's dialectic view and Fromm's view about personality development, this thesis is proposed to analyze the essential reason behind Mary's living background (external cause) and her psychological growth and development (inner cause), thus achieving the conclusion: only when a person is developing in accordance with the society and the external world, can he achieve the balance and sanity between his personality development and the external world. Otherwise, he will suffer from the disaster of spirit chaos and split. The paper consists of three chapters.– Chapter one gives an introduction to the living environment of the heroine, Mary Turner and analyzes Mary's confused and frustrating situation under the pressure of impoverishment and racial discrimination.– Chapter two is proposed to reveal the inner cause of Mary's tragedy and conducts psychoanalysis on Mary based on her traumatic childhood, unhappy marital life and contradictory relationship with Moses thus pointing out that a false social character is the remote cause of Mary's twisted psychological development and spiritual split.– Chapter three focuses on the combined action of the indifferent social context and false self system. It deprives Mary's self-knowledge of pushes her to spiritual split and schizophrenia and final destroy.– The conclusion part proposes that human beings are the output of certain social system and ideology, thus only when individual psychological development goes accordant with the social circumstances he lives in without loss of self-knowledge can he achieve integrate personality development. N2 - 《野草在歌唱》是多丽丝•莱辛的第一部非洲小说。凭着对殖民地生活的细致入微的描写,该小说自面世之初就赢得评论界的广泛关注。通过细致描写女主人公玛丽•特纳的生活环境和心理成长历程,作者为我们呈现了一个真实的殖民地世界,揭示了残酷的殖民统治以及在殖民统治下白人的生存困境和危机。在马克思主义内外因辩证法和弗洛姆人性理论的观照下,本文通过对主人公玛丽•特纳的外部生存环境的分析与其内部扭曲的心理成长的剖析,指出只有当个体成长与外部世界取得平衡时,个体的人格发展才能完整和完善,否则必然会遭受人格分裂带来的痛苦。论文由三章构成。第一章介绍了玛丽•特纳的生存环境,即在白人殖民统治下充斥着贫困、种族隔离和森严的等级制度的非洲,分析了在物质匮乏、种族隔离的生存状态下玛丽陷入了混乱、沮丧的困境;第二章从弗洛姆人性观的角度,探索了导致玛丽悲剧的内因。通过探索玛丽不幸的童年经历和婚姻生活以及与摩西矛盾的关系,指出错误的社会性格是导致玛丽心理扭曲和精神崩溃的导火索;第三章指出了在冷漠的社会文本和错误的自我系统的共同作用下,玛丽最终失去自我,渐渐分裂,最终沦为精神分裂的受害者,悲剧结束了她的生命。结论部分指出,人是社会的产物,只有当个人的心理发展与外部生存环境相融,与社会发展相平衡并不失去自我时,个体的人格发展才能得到完整与完善。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Li, Zhixiang T1 - Pipan de jingji lunli xue: Cong makesi dao fu luo mu 批判的经济伦理学: 从马克思到弗洛姆 [Critical Economic Ethics: From Marx to Fromm], Beijing: Renmin chuban she 人民出版社 [People's Publishing House], 215 pages. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liang, Hanyu T1 - The Humanity Alienation in Suffering – Analysis of the >Morning Dozing Girl< [苦难中的人性异化——浅析鬼子小说《上午打瞌睡的女孩》] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Guilin Normal College [桂林师范高等专科学校学报], No. 1 (2012), pp. 68-71. N2 - Guangxi's writer Guizi is good at describing the tragedy and suffering of non entities in small environment. >The Morning Dozing Girl< shows the life of non entities represented by Hanlu's family by distinctive writing technique and spiritual torture. The essay attempts to utilize the theory of alienation of Fromm to study the humanity alienation of individuals who survive in suffering. It also intends to seek the origin of humanity alienation and ponder over the humanity in suffering. N2 - 广西作家鬼子善于描写小环境中小人物的悲剧和苦难,《上午打瞌睡的女孩》以独特的写作手法和心灵拷问的方式展现了以寒露一家为代表的小人物的生存状况。本文试图运用佛洛姆的异化理论来探讨苦难夹缝中求生的个体是如何在人性异化道路上行走的,意在探求人性本真及人性异化的根源,思考苦难对人性的拷问。 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lin, Haiyan T1 - Fromm's Escape from Freedom Theory [弗洛姆逃避自由理论探析] JF - Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Social Science Edition) [内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 6 (2012), pp. 301-304. N2 - 在弗洛姆看来,>自由是人类存在的特征。<他根据自由的性质将自由区分为消极自由和积极自由,不仅从人类社会发展史探究人类追求自由的历程,而且深入人的心理层面深刻地剖析并揭示出现代西方人逃避自由的心理机制,指出现代人何以可能实现积极自由,由此而形成其独特的逃避自由理论,然而这一自由理论却存在着巨大的历史局限性。 N2 - For Fromm, >freedom is a characteristic of human existence.< He distinguishes between negative freedom and positive freedom according to the nature of freedom, and not only explores the pursuit of freedom in the history of human social development, but also penetrates into the psychological level of human beings to deeply analyze and reveal the psychological mechanism of freedom avoidance in the modern West, pointing out how modern human beings can achieve positive freedom, thus forming his unique theory of freedom avoidance. However, this theory of freedom has enormous historical limitations. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER -