TY - GEN A1 - Xia, Ying T1 - The Happiness Theory and Its Contemporary Interpretation, Master thesis, Ethics, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012. N2 - In all ages, whatever social economy and class structure change, happiness is always the pursuit goal of people from vary historical ages. Based on the social and historical reality, the philosophers have given a lot of judgments about happiness, and happiness problem is always a major task in ethnics study. However, the ideologists a tall times and in all countries have vary opinions about happiness unable to decide which is right. So, for the people in modern society it has important meaning to card happiness theory and discuss its signification and essence. Firstly this paper carded the tradition of Chinese happiness theory. In the view of history, Chinese ideologists’ viewpoints of happiness can be divided into two parts, deontology and utilitarianism. Although these two parts have different contestations respectively, they also have an accordant viewpoint at happiness realization, that is, to achieve happiness by self-improvement.– Then this paper carded tradition of western happiness theory to classify it into two kinds, hedonistic eudemonism and consummate eudemonism. The hedonistic considered that happiness was based on people’s feeling. They thought feeling pleasure was happiness with some representatives such as Locke, Bentham, Muller, Feuerbach etc. However the consummate was firstly mentioned by Aristotle. It considered that perfection was happiness with some other representatives such as Paulsen, Fromm etc.– The third part of paper summarized Marxist eudemonism including main structure, inscapes, social historical conditions, evolution rules and characters etc. Marxist eudemonism is based on criticism and self-reflection on hedonistic and consummate. Itis scientific to lead contemporary people to correctly realize and achieve happiness.– The last part of paper tried to give a contemporary interpretation on happiness. It considered that contemporary happiness mainly embodied in the people’s livelihood. After clarifying meanings of people’s livelihood and its problem, this paper discussed essence of people’s livelihood happiness, gave an opinion that the government must be mainly responsible for people’s livelihood happiness, and finally proposed a method to achieve happiness, that is, to establish a people oriented concept of happiness. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Woodall, Tony T1 - Driven to excess? Linking calling, character and the (mis)behaviour of marketers JF - Marketing Theory, Vol. 12, No. 2 (2012), pp. 173-191. [Online ISSN 1741-301X] [doi.org/10.1177/1470593111418797] N2 - We are presently at a point of unique circumstantial convergence where recession, an increased emphasis on business ethics, and marketer’s reluctance to accept shifting social agendas have combined to identify the need for a new approach to marketing. Using concepts from the human resources, marketing and psychology literatures, and especially Erich Fromm’s ideas concerning economic character, this paper posits that marketers – as a professional community – are driven to promote consumerist outcomes; victims of an automaton amalgam of calling and character. The analysis suggests the vulnerability of both marketer and consumer are mutually reinforcing and that we need, somehow, to break this damaging cycle of dependence. We know little, however, about how marketers think and feel about their discipline, so this paper also promotes an agenda for marketer behaviour research, as a countervailing balance to a currently disproportionate focus on the consumer. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weinrich, Harald T1 - Sein und Haben radikal – mit und gegen Erich Fromm JF - Harald Weinrich: Über das Haben: 33 Ansichten, München; Verlag C.H.Beck) 2012, 44-48. N2 - Auf dem Umschlag dieses Buches begrüßt uns Diogenes von Sinope, der nichts haben will, nicht einmal von Alexander dem Großen. Er ist freilich eine Ausnahme. Die meisten Menschen haben gern, und deshalb mangelt es auch nicht an Gründen und Anlässen, sich über das Haben zu äußern. In einer höchst unterhaltsamen Reise durch die Sinnwelten des Habens eröffnet Harald Weinrich, der Grandseigneur der europäischen Sprachwissenschaft, verblüffende Einsichten in unseren Gebrauch des Wörtchens Haben – und unser Haben-Denken, das sich darin offenbart. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Li A1 - Zhang, Jie T1 - Respect Life, Enjoy the Joy of Growth, Learn Tolerance, Comprehend the Perfect Life [尊重生命,享受成长快乐 学会宽容,领悟完美人生] JF - New Curriculum (Part 2) [新课程(下)], No. 7 (2012), p. 173. N2 - 我们认为关爱学生,首先要尊重学生,尊重学生丰富的内心情感,尊重学生心理发展规律。以尊重为前提,以服务为宗旨的教育,才能使学校真正成为学生的花园、学园、家园、乐园,让学生享受成长的快乐。20世纪著名的心理学家、哲学家弗洛姆曾说:>尊重生命、尊重他人也尊重自己的生命,是生命进程中的伴随物,也是心。< N2 - We believe that to care for students, we must first respect students, respect their rich inner emotions, and respect the laws of students' psychological development. Only with respect as the premise and service as the purpose of education can the school truly become a garden, academy, home, and paradise for students, allowing students to enjoy the joy of growth. Fromm, a famous psychologist and philosopher in the 20th century, once said: >Respect for life, respect for others, and respect for one's own life is a concomitant of the process of life, but also the heart.< [Translation: Google translator, 6/2023] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Veck, Wayne T1 - Reflecting on attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder and disablement in education with Erich Fromm JF - Disability & Society, Vol. 22, No. 2 (2012), pp. 263-275. [Online ISSN 1360-0508] [doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2011.644935] N2 - Drawing upon the thought of Eric Fromm, this paper argues that efforts to understand and counter behaviour that causes difficulties in education should begin in a critical and reflective engagement with both the conditions of human freedom and the character of educational institutions and society as a whole. Fromm’s critique of dominating ideas about good mental health within capitalistic societies is examined in relation to disablement and attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder. A study of a sixth-form college in the south of England elucidates connections between Fromm’s insights into social psychology and disablement as a process of oppression. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taylor, Barbara T1 - Enlightenment and the Uses of Woman JF - History Workshop Journal, Vol. 74, No. 1 (Autumn 2012), pp. 79-87. N2 - In 1937 Theodor Adorno, in a letter to Erich Fromm, described women as exemplars of commodity fetishism, >agents of the commodity in society<. Adorno wanted Fromm to join him in a study of the invidious psycho-social effects of this phenomenon. Fromm did not respond to this invitation, possibly because his own views on women were diametrically opposed to Adorno’s. To Fromm, women were not agents of capitalist corruption but avatars of altruism, their nurturing qualities providing models for socialist morality. These polarized images of women have their roots in Enlightenment gender theory. This essay outlines the myths of Woman promulgated by Enlightenment intellectuals, in particular the Janus-faced doctrine of ‘female influence’ that dominated eighteenth-century writings on women, which portrayed them simultaneously as acquisitive hedonists and as paragons of self-sacrificial benevolence. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tang, Daocheng T1 - My Perspective on Taking over as a Substitute Homeroom Teacher at a Rural Junior High School [农村初中中途接替班主任工作之我见] JF - Policy and Scientific Consult, No. 12 (2012, p. 17. N2 - 笔者从事多年班主任工作,曾几次在八年级下期或九年级上期等接替班主任工作。接班时,我深知如果班主任工作艺术不略胜一筹,学生是很难服你。那么,我是如何做好这一接替工作的呢?通过实践和总结,下面谈谈我的几点看法。一、关爱是本,诚恳在心关爱是本:弗洛姆在《爱的艺术》中指出:>爱是对所爱对象的生命和成长的积极关心。< 哪里缺少这种积极关心,哪里 … N2 - The author has been engaged in homeroom teacher work for many years and has had several experiences taking over as a substitute homeroom teacher in the second semester of eighth grade or the first semester of ninth grade. When taking over, the author deeply understands that it is difficult to earn the students' respect without surpassing the previous homeroom teacher in the art of homeroom teaching. So, how did the author successfully handle this substitute teaching work? Through practice and reflection, the author will discuss several viewpoints below. The author agrees with Fromm's assertion in >The Art of Loving<: Love is an active concern for the life and growth of the loved object. Where this active concern is lacking, genuine love is absent.< Therefore, it is crucial for the substitute homeroom teacher to approach the students with love and sincerity … [Translation: www.chat.openai.com, free version, 6/2023] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Litz, Stefan T1 - Global Risk Management: What has Love to do with it? JF - The International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review, Vol. 9, No. 7 (2012), pp. 147-164. [Online ISSN 1447-9559] [doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/CGP/v09i07/43275] N2 - Beck (1995) has outlined an influential social theory in which the role of modern risks has been highlighted. Modern societies are characterized as qualitatively distinct from premodern societies due to the self-generated new risks of annihilatory potential. Jonas (1979) has proposed an approach highlighting fear as a heuristic guideline for approaching further scientific research and technological development. According to this framework, imagining annihilatory risks inherent in a particular technology and research should make us forego the potential benefits of this technology, as the potential costs are too high. Mittelstraß (1992) argues exactly the opposite and claims that not less but more research and technological progress is necessary in order to enhance the survival chances of the human species. In order to reduce the possibility of deliberate action, which may trigger the annihilation of the human species, however, Mittelstraß (1992) calls for the development of a strong ethos of responsibility. The question, though, remains on what kind of rationale this ethos of individual responsibility may be grounded? It is suggested in this paper that Fromm (1947) provided the answer to the question of how such an ethos may be created and sustained. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hou, Zuozhen T1 - 暴力與謀殺的背後:論九把刀恐怖小說中的破壞性人格 [Behind the Violence and Murder: On the Destructive Personality in Jiuzhodao's Horror Novels] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - 中國現代文學 [Modern Chinese Literature], Vol. 22 (2012), pp. 215-233. N2 - 恐怖小說向來被視作通俗文學的範疇,較少受到學界的關注,其實在近代西方文學中,恐怖小說佔有重要的位置;在台灣,恐怖小說也有它發展的歷史,並具有特殊的社會文化意涵。本文以台灣網路作家九把刀的恐怖小說為探討對象,他的小說常出現荒謬的謀殺和暴力的場景,而人物往往充滿病態暴力的特質,揭示了現代社會的各種破壞性人格,並以血腥顫慄為惡趣。本文試圖探討這些破壞性人格的塑造,除了挑戰想像力和感官刺激的極限,背後是否具有人類生存困境的指涉,以及對現代工業文明社會的諷喻?本文主要借用佛洛姆的「破壞性人格三階段說」,來分析這些作品所隱藏的深層涵意,並思索破壞性人格的塑造與台灣的政經現狀之間,可能有怎樣的關聯性。 N2 - Horror fiction has long been viewed as one of the realms of popular literature and has rarely been the focus of academia; however, horror fiction plays an important role in modern Western literature. Also, horror fiction has its history and special social, cultural implications in Taiwan. This paper discusses the horror fictions of Internet novelist Giddens Ko. Ko's fictions are full of absurd murders and violent scenes, and the morbid violent qualities of his characters reveal the destructive personalities of modern society and their tacky interests in blood and fear. Furthermore, the paper attempts to study the creation of destructive personality and the possible implications of the dilemma of human survival and the sarcasm of modern industrial society. Fromm's theory of three stages of destructive personality is used in analyzing the implications of Ko's work. The possible connection between the creation of destructive personality and the current political and economic situations in Taiwan is also pondered in this paper. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Helmberger-Fleckl, Doris T1 - Review Fromm, E.: Über die Liebe zum Leben. Rundfunksendungen JF - Die Furche, Wien 16. Februar 2012 N2 - In seinen Texten geht Fromm verschiedensten Fragen und Problemen auf den Grund: Er fragt etwa nach dem Zusammenhang zwischen dem Überfluss, in dem unsere Gesellschaft lebt, und dem Gefühl des Einzelnen, überflüssig zu sein ... oder er beschreibt das 'Fiasko der Religion' ... Trotz komplexer Fragestellungen machen die Texte das Buch zu einem kurzweiligen und interessanten Lesevergnügen. Dass auf die Frage 'Wer ist der Mensch? nur eine Annäherung und keine eindeutige Antwort möglich ist, wird man dabei verschmerzen. [Quelle: Buecher.de] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN ED - Fiała, Edward ED - et al., T1 - Psychoanalityczne interpretacje literatury: Freud, Jung, Fromm, Lacan [PsychoanalyticInterpretations ofLliterature: Freud, Jung, Fromm, Lacan], Lublin (KUL Publishing House) Poland 2012, 352 pp., Polish. [ISBN: 8377024012, 9788377024010] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fiała, Edward T1 - Amor idolatricus w >Pornografii< i >Kosmosie< Gombrowicza. Perspektywa frommowska Amor [Idolatricus in >Pornography< and >Cosmos< by Gombrowicz. A Frommian Perspective] JF - Edward Fiała et al. (Eds.): Psychoanalityczne interpretacje literatury: Freud, Jung, Fromm, Lacan, Lublin (Wydawnictwo KUL) Poland 2012, Polish. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hao, Hongcui T1 - A Study on Parents’ Response to Children’s Love for Hero Type Cartoons and Suggestions [对家长就幼儿喜爱英雄型动画片所作出的回应行为的研究及相关建议] JF - Early Childhood Education [幼儿教育], No. 36 (2012), pp. 40-42. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available.] This study, using questionnaires and interviews, investigates how parents respond to their children’s love for the hero type cartoons such as Japanese cartoon >Ultraman<, analyzes the influence their education opinions may have on their response. Based on these, the researcher puts forward some related suggestions. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 8/2021] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lue, Si T1 - Distortion and Loss of Love – Comment on the Family Relationship in Henry James's >Washington Square< [爱的扭曲和缺失 –评亨利•詹姆斯《华盛顿广场》中的家庭关系], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 亨利•詹姆斯(1843–1916)是美国19世纪后期三大现实主义大师之一,其多部作品历来倍受国内外学者的关注,其中的道德伦理主题引起了学者们的热烈探讨,然而其讨论却都相对忽略了詹姆斯早期作品中的道德伦理主题。本文拟从伦理批评的角度对其早期中篇小说《华盛顿广场》进行分析,探讨其作品所再现的家庭关系,挖掘出詹姆斯早期作品中的伦理思想。家庭关系是家庭成员间的人际互动或联系,属于社会关系的一种,是伦理批评的一个重要组成部分。家庭关系以主体为标准分为亲子关系、夫妻关系和其他家庭成员之间的关系。爱是处理家庭关系的核心原则,是维系婚姻和家庭的纽带。德国伦理学家爱利希•弗洛姆认为在家庭生活中,爱表现为亲子之爱、两性之爱和手足之爱三种形式,并认为爱包含了解、尊重、责任心和关心等基本要素。爱这一概念也因此体现了其伦理价值。《华盛顿广场》讲述了19世纪中叶纽约一个中上层阶级家庭的悲剧。本文以弗洛姆对爱的理论阐述为指导,分析《华盛顿广场》中的家庭关系及悲剧,试图揭示出19世纪三四十年代造成美国社会人性的扭曲和异化、道德的沦丧和滑坡的深层原因。全文共三章,第一章从作品的父女关系和母女关系入手,认为作品通过父亲对女儿的压制表现了一种扭曲的父爱,通过母亲对女儿的婚姻教导再现出错误的母爱,从而展示出一种亲子之爱的偏离,这种亲子之爱的偏离违背了老慈幼爱的伦理原则。第二章探讨两性之爱的缺失,认为未婚夫的贪婪表现出恋人间物化的爱,伪善表现出恋人间欺骗的爱,这两种爱都违背了男女互爱的原则。第三章则从弟弟的利己主义表现出的自私的爱,以及兄妹对婚姻的态度中传达出的相互矛盾的爱,分析了手足之爱的丧失,指出手足之爱的丧失违背了互谅互助的伦理原则。本文认为作品所体现的爱的扭曲和缺失是资本主义社会经济结构变化所带来的产物,是19世纪美国社会转型时期政治、经济、文化、历史多重社会因素造成的结果。詹姆斯在《华盛顿广场》这部早期作品中,就开始围绕爱的主题表达出对异化的家庭关系的批判,呼吁爱的社会的回归。 N2 - Henry James (1843-1916) is one of the three realist masters in the late nineteenth century and most of his works have aroused the domestic and foreign critics’ attention. They often discuss the moral theme in James’s works. However, the moral and ethical themes in the early works of James’s are relatively ignored in these discussions. The thesis attempts to criticize James’s early excellent novella >Washington Square< from the ethical point of view, exploring the family relationships in the novel and James’s ethical thinking in his early works. Family relationship, as an important part of ethical criticism, is the interpersonal interaction or contact among family members, belonging to a kind of social relations. Family relationships, based on the subject as standard, are divided into the parents-children relationship, the husband-wife relationship and relationships among other family members. Love is the core principle of dealing with family relationship and the link to maintain marriage and family. German ethicist Erich Fromm maintains that in the family life love registers as parental love, connubial love and sibling love and contains the basic elements, such as, understanding, respect, sense of responsibility and the care. The concept of love reflects its ethical value. Washington Square tells an upper-middle-class family tragedy in New York in them idle of the19th century. The thesis analyzes the family relation and tragedy in the novel in the light of Erich Fromm’s theory of love and tries to expose the underlying reason why there exists the distortion and alienation of the human nature, decay and landslide of the morality in the American society of19th century. The thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter one, with the father-daughter relationship and mother-daughter relationship as the starting point, concerns distorted fatherly love through analyzing father’s suppression over the daughter and misguided motherly love in surrogate mother’s marriage guidance for the daughter, showing the deviation of parental love. This kind of parental love violates the principle of love and beloved.– Chapter two mainly explores materialized love and deceitful love between lovers due to fiancé’s greed as well as his hypocrisy, demonstrating the lack of connubial love. Such two kinds of love deviate from the principle of reciprocal love.– Chapter three focuses on selfish love showed by the young brother’s egotism and contradictory love interpreted by sibling’s attitudes toward marriage, pointing out the loss of sibling love, which has deviated from the principle of mutual understanding and support. Through the above analysis, the thesis points out that the distortion and loss of love results from the change of the economic structure of the capitalist society as well as various social and cultural factors in the transition period of American society of the19thcentury. James expresses his criticism on the alienation of family relationships in his early work Washington Square around the theme of love and calls for the return of the society with truelove. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Liping T1 - Research on Erich Fromm’s Thought of Consumption Alienation [埃里希•弗洛姆消费异化思想研究], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 2012. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980),弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义(1)的主要代表人物,开业长达四十余年的心理咨询师。弗洛姆毕生致力于对>人<的生存境遇的关注,对造成人的异化的现代工业社会进行了无情地揭露和有力地批判,并积极探索实现健全人格和健全社会的途径。消费异化思想就是弗洛姆社会批判理论的重要组成部分。弗洛姆对消费异化的集中论述出现在《健全的社会》(1955)以及《占有还是生存》(1976)二书中。他在《健全的社会》中首先亮明一个观点:生活于现代西方发达工业社会中的绝大多数人的精神是不健康的。一个人的精神是否健康从根本上讲不是他个人的事情,而是取决于他所在的社会结构。弗洛姆认为>精神健康<不能被定义为人通过调整自身的行为来无条件地适应他所在的社会,相反,社会应该为人的精神健康负责,为人的全面发展创造有利条件。而且,社会经济结构与人的性格之间存在着相互作用的关系,社会经济结构塑造了人的性格,人的性格反作用于社会经济结构。因此,通过分析资本主义社会性格的非生产性(即放弃自身拥有的力量和创造性潜能,以异化的方式与外界发生关联),就能揭露资本主义社会的不健全。而>异化<正是弗洛姆用来分析这些非生产性社会性格的最核心概念;>消费异化<对应的正是从20世纪中叶开始在资本主义社会中占主导地位的接受取向和市场取向两种社会性格。在后期著作《占有还是生存》中,弗洛姆从国家、政府、消费者等方面提出了许多消除消费异化的具体措施。因此,根据弗洛姆消费异化思想提出和发展演进的过程,本文的行文脉络是:首先,梳理弗洛姆消费异化思想的理论根源,归纳概括出消费异化的涵义并交待该思想产生的历史背景;其次,从社会性格的功能入手分析消费异化的成因,这也是弗洛姆消费异化思想的特色所在,同时也是本文的主要创新之处;然后,分析弗洛姆消费异化的表现形式、危害和消除消费异化的途径;最后,对弗洛姆消费异化思想进行客观评价,彰显其消费异化思想对中国社会发展的启示意义。 N2 - Erich Fromm (1900-1980), as a well-known representative figure of Freudianism-Marxism(1)and a psychological consultant for 40 years, dedicated his life to paying close attention to people’s living condition and the value of person. He criticized the western developed industrial society severely which makes people to alienate, and actively explored the ways to healthy personality and society. Fromm’s thought of consumption alienation plays a big role in his social critical theory. It mainly appeared in the book >The Sane Society< (1955) and >To Have or to Be< (1976). In >The Sane Society<, Fromm held the view that the vast majority of people had mental disease in the western developed industrial society. It is fundamentally not a personal thing whether a man’s spirit is healthy or not, but the thing of the social conditions. In other words, the mental health of people can not be defined as people adapt to his society unconditionally. On the contrary, the society must meet the needs of people. Fromm further pointed out that the relationship between the socio-economic structure and the personality is interactive. That is to say, socio-economic structure shaped the character of the people, and people’s character reacts to the socio-economic structure. Through the analysis of non-productive characters (to give up one’s own strength and creative potential to be associated with the outside world by the way of alienation) of capitalist society, we can see that the capitalist society is not sane. Alienation is the core concept which Fromm used to analyze these non-productive social characters and the word consumption alienation represents the receptive orientated character and the marketing orientated character which are the dominant non-productive characters of the capitalist society in the mid-20th century. In his later work “To Have or to Be”, Fromm proposed a number of specific measures to eliminate consumption alienation from the aspect of the state, government, consumers and so on. According to the evolution of Fromm’s thought of consumption alienation, in my paper below, I firstly seek the theoretical roots of this thought. I sum up the meaning and essential features of it and reveal the historical background of it. Then, I analyze the causes of consumption alienation from the analysis of social characters’ function, which is the distinguishing feature of Fromm’s thought of consumption alienation and also the innovation of my paper. After that, I analyze the manifestations, endangers of consumption alienation and the way to eliminate it. Finally, I evaluate this thought objectively and enlighten it’s value for China’s social development. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, Caling T1 - The Research on Fromm’s Freedom Thought and Its Present Enlightenment – Based on the analysis of >Escape from Freedom< [弗洛姆的自由思想及其当代启示 - 基于《逃避自由》的分析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆受弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思的社会理论的影响,致力于对人性和社会心理的思考,关注现实的人的生存状态,通过对弗洛伊德主义和马克思主义的结合,创立了在社会领域运用精神分析学说的独特视角。弗洛姆对自由思想的论述颇多,本文主旨在于以《逃避自由》一书为基础,对弗洛姆的自由思想进行梳理和评价,并结合中国的社会实践探讨其自由思想的理论和实践价值。文章首先介绍弗洛姆的生平,从他所处的社会环境家庭环境和个人生活经历出发来寻找弗洛姆思想形成的社会和理论根源。以《逃避自由》一书为基础,对弗洛姆的自由思想进行梳理。对《逃避自由》一书的产生、基本内容展开介绍,这本书揭示了现代人陷入自由的悖论,追求自由又逃避自由,实质上是不自由的生存状态,分析了逃避自由的心理机制,并找出了解决逃避自由问题的途径和理想的社会模式,这种对自由的探讨方法和视角是新颖的,有其独特的理论和实践价值。然后本文从马克思自由观的角度对其进行了评价,通过对马克思自由观的分析和与弗洛姆自由观的对比,来揭示弗洛姆的自由思想的可取之处和局限性。指出其在关于异化的概念、理想的社会模式、实现途径以及逃避自由的解决途径方面的主观主义的倾向,决定了他的自由观在理论高度上必将低于马克思,必将走向虚幻的乌托邦。最后,用宏观和微观相结合的方法,把弗洛姆的自由思想结合中国的社会实际,对现阶段中国民众的自由状态进行了具体的分析,力图从资本主义工业化进程中发现问题和解决问题的经验中探索出对中国社会转型期有益的启示,为构建和谐社会贡献一份力量。 N2 - Erich Fromm is influenced by Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Marx's social theory. He is devoted to thinking about human nature and social psychology, paying attention to the reality of human existence, through the confrontation The combination of Freudism and Marxism created a unique perspective on the application of psychoanalytic theory in the social sphere. Fromm's discussion of free thoughts is very much. The main purpose of this thesis is to sort out and evaluate Fromm's free thoughts based on the book >Escape from Freedom<, and to explore the theory and practice of his free thoughts in combination with Chinese social practice value. The article first introduces the life of Fromm, and seeks the social and theoretical roots of the formation of Fromm's thought from his social environment and family life experience. Based on the book >Escape from Freedom<, he sorts on Fromm's thought of freedom. This book introduces the production and basic content of the book >Escape from Freedom<. This book reveals the paradox of modern people falling into freedom, pursuing freedom and escaping freedom. It is essentially a state of non-free existence and analyzes the psychological mechanism of escaping freedom. And find out the way to solve the problem of escaping freedom and the ideal social model. This method and perspective of freedom is novel and has its unique theoretical and practical value.– Then the paper evaluates it from the perspective of Marx's concept of freedom. Through the analysis of Marx's concept of freedom and the comparison with Fromm's concept of freedom, it reveals the merits and limitations of Fromm's liberal thought. It points out that its tendency to subjectivism in terms of the concept of alienation, the ideal social model, the way of achieving it, and the way to escape freedom, determines that his concept of freedom will be lower than Marx at the theoretical level, and will surely move toward an illusory utopia.– Finally, using the combination of macro and micro, the theory of Freedom of Fromm is combined with the reality of China's society, and the free state of the Chinese people at this stage is analyzed in detail, trying to find problems and solve problems from the process of capitalist industrialization. The experience explores useful enlightenments for the transition period of Chinese society and contributes to building a harmonious society. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chang, Liwei T1 - A Probe into Yu Dafu’s Self-Maltreat Complex [向晚独寻孤店宿 —郁达夫自虐情结探微] JF - Journal of Zibo Normal College [淄博师专学报], No. 4 (2012), pp. 35-39. N2 - 根据心理学理论分析,自虐情结普遍存在于作家群体。郁达夫的自虐情结则更为显著和复杂。弗洛伊德和弗罗姆对自虐情结的产生原因有着不同的解释。弗洛伊德秉承一贯的性本能说,弗罗姆则在弗洛伊德性本能说的基础上,提出自我消灭说。两种关于自虐情结生发的解释,放诸郁达夫身上都契合无虞。郁达夫本人的自虐情结与性爱的焦虑、命运的放逐、快感的获取以及自我的救赎有着复杂关系。这种情结表现在文学作品中,则指向身份、悲剧、灵感、艺术等方面的探索。 N2 - [According to the analysis of the psychological theory, the complex of self-maltreat is generally present in the group of writers, and among them, Yu Dafu’s self-maltreat complex is even more significant and complex. About the causes of the complex, Sigmund Freud and Fromm make different interpretations. Freud upholds consistently the theory of sexual instinct, while Fromm proposes the self-annihilation view on the basis of the sexual instinct view. These two explanations both can fit with Yu Dafu’s case. Yu Dafu’s self-maltreat complex has complex relationships with sexual anxiety, the exile of the destiny, the acquisition of pleasure and self-redemption. The complex is represented in literature by the exploration of identity, tragedy, inspiration, and art.] [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Jingyu T1 - Am I a Devil? – A Look at the Sadistic Personality of the Protagonist in >Wonderland< from the Perspective of Erich Fromm’s Theory [我是魔鬼吗?——以弗洛姆的理论解读《奇境》主人公的虐待狂人格] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Nanyang Normal University [南阳师范学院学报], No. 4 (2012), pp. 80-83. N2 - 以弗洛姆关于虐待狂的理论,分析《奇境》一书中的主人公杰西虐待狂人格的形成原因,以及他行为中表现出的受虐特性与施虐特性。反映了>原始关系<的断裂使人产生孤独无力感;通过服从或控制外界这种消极的方式获取安全感,导致了人格的异化。 N2 - In light of Erich Fromm’s theory on sadisms, this paper is to analyze the sadistic personality of Jesse, the protagonist of Wonderland, including the reasons of its formation and the masochistic and sadistic features in Jesses’ behavior. The analysis illustrates that once the ‘primary bonds’ are severed, the individual would feel a sense of powerless and aloneness and that a negative way to acquire a sense of security through submission and domination would result in the alienation of personality. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Whitehead, Clay C. T1 - Renaming the Journal: Viability of the Psychodynamic Metaphor JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 635-644. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turco, Ronald T1 - Review Vamik D. Volkan: Psychoanalytic Technique Expanded:  A Textbook on Psychoanalytic Treatment JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 364-365. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stone, Michael H. T1 - Dream Analysis in the Psychodynamic Psychotherapy of Borderline Patients JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 287-302 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stone, Michael H. T1 - Disorder in the Domain of the Personality JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 023-046. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sandberg, Larry S. A1 - Busch, Fredric N. T1 - Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy: A Contemporary Perspective JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 505-532. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Robbins, Michael T1 - The Successful Psychoanalytic Therapy JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 575-608. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plakun, Eric M. T1 - Treatment Resistance and Psychodynamic Psychiatry: Concepts Psychiatry Needs from Psychoanalysis JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 183-210. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perman, Gerald P. T1 - Review Richard D. Chessick: Descent into Darkness. The Psychodynamics of Mental Illness: An Introduction and Illustration in the Form of a Novel JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 341-344, Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palombo, Stanley R. T1 - Review Craig Piers (Ed.): Personality and Psychopathology: Critical Dialogues with David Shapiro JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 348-349. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Occhiogrosso, Mallay A1 - Auchincloss, Elizabeth L. T1 - The Challenge of Treating (and Supervising) Patients with Borderline Pathology in a Residents’ Clinic JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 451-468. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Merlino, Joseph P. T1 - Review Glen O. Gabbard et al.: Professionalism in Psychiatry JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 705-706. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maunder, Robert G. A1 - Hunter, Jonathan J. T1 - A Prototype-Based Model of Adult Attachment for Clinicians JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 549-574. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Livesley, W. John T1 - Moving Beyond Specialized Therapies for Borderline Personality Disorder: The Importance of Integrated Domain-Focused Treatment JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 047-074. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Levendosky, Alytia A. A1 - et al., T1 - The Effects of Intimate Partner Violence on Women and Child Survivors: An Attachment Perspective JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 397-434. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lefer, Jay T1 - Review Otto Kernberg: The Inseparable Nature of Love and Aggression – Clinical and Theoretical Perspectives JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 693-695- Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirsch, Thomas B. T1 - Review C.G. Jung: The Red Book (also known as Liber Novus, edited by Sonu Shamdasani) JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 350-353. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kestenbaum, Clarice J. T1 - Childhood Precursors of Personality Disorders: Evaluation and Treatment JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 111-130. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Katz, Debra A. A1 - et al., T1 - The Cost of Chronic Stress in Childhood: Understanding and Applying the Concept of Allostatic Load JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 469-480. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalman, Thomas P. A1 - et al., T1 - Do Psychopharmacologists Speak to Psychotherapists? A Survey of Practicing Clinicians JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 275-286 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalman, Thomas P. T1 - Review Vamik D. Volkan: Psychoanalytic Technique Expanded:  A Textbook on Psychoanalytic Treatment JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 366-376. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Judd, Patricia A. T1 - Neurocognitive Deficits in Borderline Personality Disorder: Implications for Treatment JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 091-110. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Joyce, Anthony S. A1 - et al., T1 - A Naturalistic Trial of Brief Psychodynamic Therapy for Recurrent Major Depression JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 645-672. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Josephs, Lawrence T1 - The Adaptive Functions of Sexual Plasticity:   The Suppression and Surreptitious Expression of Human Sociosexuality JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 243-274 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jiménez, Xavier A1 - et al., T1 - Countertransference in the General Hospital Setting: Implications for Clinical Supervision JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 435-450. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haase, Elizabeth T1 - Review Louis Breger: A Dream of Undying Fame: How Freud Betrayed his Mentor and Invented Psychoanalysis JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 537-543. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glucksman, Myron L. A1 - Kramer, Milton T1 - Initial and Last Manifest Dream Reports of Patients in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Combined Psychotherapy/Pharmacotherapy JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 617-634 Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedman, Richard C. A1 - Downey, Jennifer I. T1 - Psychodynamic Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), 005-022. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fierman, Louis B. T1 - Review The Boston Change Process Study Group: Change in Psychotherapy – A Unifying Paradigm JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 345-347. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Essig, Todd T1 - Review Ken Eisold: What You Don’t Know You Know: Our Hidden Motives in Life, Business, and Everything Else JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 683-690. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engel, George L. T1 - The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 377-396. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Jon Carlson and Michael P. Maniacci (Eds.): Alfred Adler Revisited JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 719-721. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Leslie Caldwell and Angela Joyce (Eds.): Reading Winnicott JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 707-710. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Peter L. Rudnytsky: Rescuing Psychoanalysis from Freud and other Essays in Re-Vision JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 701-704. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Glen O. Gabbard et al. (eds.): Textbook of Psychoanalysis (Second Edition) JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 696-700. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckardt Horney, Marianne T1 - Review Eric M. Plakun (Ed.): Treatment Resistance and Patient Authority: The Austen Riggs Reader JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 354-356. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Depue, Richard A. A1 - Fu, Yu T1 - Modeling Borderline Personality Disorder Based on the Neurobehavioral Foundation of Major Personality Traits JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 131-182. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cortina, Mauricio T1 - Review Joseph D. Lichtenberg et al.: Psychoanalysis and Motivational Systems: A New Look JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 357-363. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cohen, Mariam T1 - Review Marie T. Hoffman: Toward Mutual Recognition: Relational Psychoanalysis and the Christian Narrative JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 711-718. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carsky, Monica A1 - Yeomans, Frank T1 - Overwhelming Patients and Overwhelmed Therapists JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 075-090. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cai, Chencong T1 - Implications of Western Marxist Dissimilation of Consumption Theories 方马克思主义消费异化理论的启示 JF - Journal of Southeast University (Philosophy and Social Science) 东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版), No. 6 (2012), pp. 5-8, 126. N2 - 消费不仅是经济问题,而且是与生态环境密切相关的重要问题。目前我国流行的诸如时尚消费、面子消费、情绪消费等病态消费行为,给生态环境造成了日益严重的负面影响。马尔库塞、弗洛姆、本.阿格尔等西方马克思主义者的消费异化理论,为我们剖析当前中国病态消费模式的实质、根源和危害,探索克服病态消费现象的途径,选择和构建健康消费模式,促进生态环境的可持续发展,提供了许多有益的理论启迪。 N2 - Consumption is not only an economic issue, but also an important matter of eco-environment. Morbid consumptions popular in China, such as the consumptions of fashion, reputation, emotion and so on, have produced inactive influence on eco-environment. Western Marxist theories on dissimilation of consumption, such as Marcuse, Fromm and Ben Agger, provide a referential theoretical base on which we can analyze the crux, origin and detriment of the contemporary Chinese morbid consumptions. The theories also provide some valuable enlightenment for selecting and constructing a healthy consumption mode and for promoting the sustainable eco-environmental development. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bucci, Wilma A1 - et al., T1 - Objective Measures of Subjective Experience: The Use of Therapist Notes in Process-Outcome Research JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 303-340. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brus, Michael A1 - et al., T1 - Psychotherapy for Schizophrenia: A Review of Modalities and Their Evidence Base JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 609-616. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breger, Louis T1 - Freud: Darkness and Vision JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 211-242. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blumenfield, Michael T1 - Review Frederick J. Stoddard et al.: Hidden Impact: What You Need to Know for the Next Disaster: A Practical Mental Guide for Clinicians JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 691-692. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alfonso, Cesar A. T1 - Evidence Base for the Molecular Underpinnings of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 533-536. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adelson, Stewart A1 - et al., T1 - Toward a Definition of >Hypersexuality< in Children and Adolescents JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 481-504. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Achimovich, Lois T1 - Review Daniel Mackler and Matthey Morrisey (Eds.): A Way Out of Madness: Dealing with Your Family after You’ve been Diagnosed with a Psychiatric Disorder Edited JF - Psychodynamic Psychiatry, Vol. 40 (2012), pp. 681-682. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zuo, Danhua T1 - To Have or to Be – Fromm’s Critical Society Theory [占有还是存在 – 弗洛姆社会批判理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 2012. N2 - >占有还是存在<这是一个现代生活中的重要问题,也是弗洛姆社会批判理论和实践中一条隐含的线索。本文首先对重占有和重存在两种生存方式进行了剖析,从中挖掘出了弗洛姆这一生存理论的前提,即人道主义原则、异化理论和社会性格理论。在此基础之上指出他这一理论的主旨:社会批判基础之上的社会拯救——构建>新人<和>新社会<。弗洛姆整个生存方式理论是以他对人性的分析作为基础的,人性中所固有的矛盾性是出现两种生存方式对立的根本原因,而人性中的主动和创造性本质又是消除这种对立,使得人类最终扬弃>重占有<的生存方式,建立>重存在<的生存方式的可能性所在。整篇文章的主要目的是对弗洛姆生存方式理论做一个较为全面的整理工作,同时站在马克思主义的哲学立场上对他的这种理论进行了分析。他这一生存方式理论主要涉及了三个方面:第一,对人的本性、人的生存状况作出的分析说明;第二,对社会状况、特别是社会病态进行了批判剖析;第三,为医治社会、拯救人类提供方案。这三方面也是他整个社会哲学所主要进行的工作。尽管弗洛姆的理论有偏颇之处,但是他为综合马克思的历史唯物主义和弗洛伊德的精神分析学说所做的努力是不容忽视的,正是他的这种努力为我们打开了一个应用马克思主义哲学分析当下社会问题的新视角。 N2 - >To have or to be?< is an important question in modern life, as well as an implicit clue in Fromm's social-critical theory and practice. This paper first analyzes the two modes of existence, namely, possession and existence, and finds out the premises of Fromm's theory of existence, namely, the humanitarian principle, the theory of alienation and the theory of social character. On this basis, he points out the main theme of his theory: social salvation on the basis of social criticism - the construction of a >new man< and a >new society<. The contradiction inherent in human nature is the fundamental reason for the emergence of two opposing ways of living, while the active and creative nature of human nature is the key to eliminate this opposition and make human beings finally abandon the >possession-oriented< way of living and establish a >new society<. The possibility of a >re-existential< way of being. The main purpose of the whole article is to make a comprehensive arrangement of Fromm's theory of ways of life, and at the same time analyze his theory from a Marxist philosophical standpoint. This way of life theory mainly involves three aspects: firstly, the analysis and explanation of human nature and human existence; secondly, the critical analysis of social conditions, especially social pathologies; thirdly, providing solutions for healing society and saving mankind. These three aspects are also the main work of his entire social philosophy. Despite the bias of Fromm's theory, his efforts to synthesize Marx's historical materialism and Freud's psychoanalysis should not be overlooked, and it is his efforts that have opened up a new perspective on the application of Marxist philosophy to the analysis of current social problems. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhu, Dai T1 - >The Way of the World< and >The Human Heart< – Diagnosis, Treatment and Healing Accor¬ding to Fromm [世道<与>人心< – 弗洛姆的诊断、治疗和拯救], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2012. N2 - 在弗洛姆看来,异化既是>世道<的病态,也是>人心<的病态。马克思是针对>世道<病态的人道抗议者,劳动异化本质上是人性异化和非人化,而马克思的目标是人的自由和解放。弗洛伊德是针对>人心<病态的人道关怀者,异化亦是心理的异化,表现为原欲的压抑和疏离的体验,因此人的解放亦是人心的解放。弗洛姆对异化的社会病理诊断,是从人性世界的精神诊断入手的。人性是善恶同体的。从个体性格看,爱生、爱人和独立性是积极的品质,爱死、自恋和乱伦固结是消极的品质。从社会性格看,创生倾向、成长综合症等是积极的品质,非创生倾向、衰败综合症等是消极的品质。弗洛姆对异化的社会治疗方案,包括了从>世道<到>人心<的各个维度和层面:消除人性的异化,满足人的需求,包括爱、自由及自我实现的需求等,是治疗的人道目标,这个目标通过培养健全的人格和建构健全的社会来共同完成。弗洛姆的拯救,是把爱作为一种伦理原则和一种信仰:人的世界应该是爱的世界,爱既是对人的信任,也是一种积极的自由。爱是一种艺术,需要克服个人的自恋,发展谦卑,需要客观性和理性以及培养他生性。弗洛姆启示我们:人性是一个既包括自然属性又包括社会属性,既包括理性又包括感性,既包括意识又包括无意识的多维度、多层面的范畴,>以人为本<应以这个人性范畴为本,而>和谐社会<的建设,也应该包括从>世道<到>人心<的多个维度和多个层面,是系统性的和整合性的。 N2 - For Fromm, alienation is both the pathology of the >way of the world< and the pathology of the >human heart<. Marx was a hu-mane protestor against the pathology of the >way of the world<, and the alienation of labor is essen-tially the alienation and dehumanization of humanity, while Marx's goal is the freedom and liberation of human beings. Freud was a humanist caring for the pathology of the human heart, and alienation is also psychological alienation, manifested in the experience of suppression and alienation of origi-nal desires, so the liberation of the human heart is also the liberation of the human heart. Fromm's socio-pathological diagnosis of alienation begins with the spiritual diagnosis of the world of human nature. Human nature is both good and evil in the same body. In terms of individual character, love of life, love of people and independence are positive qualities, while love of death, narcissism and incest fixation are negative qualities. In terms of social personality, generative tendencies and growth syndrome are positive qualities, and non-generative tendencies and decay syndrome are negative qualities. Fromm's social therapy program for alienation includes all dimensions and levels from >the way of the world< to >the human heart<: the elimination of human alienation and the satisfaction of human needs, including the need for love, freedom and self-actualization, are the humane goals of therapy. The development of a sound personality and the construction of a sound society come together to accomplish this. Fromm's salvation is love as an ethical principle and a belief: that the world of man should be a world of love, and that love is both a trust and a positive freedom. Love is an art that requires the overcoming of personal narcissism, the development of humility, objectivity and rational-ity as well as the cultivation of otherness. Fromm reveals to us that human nature is a multi-dimensional and multi-faceted category that includes both natural and social attributes, both rational and emotional, both conscious and unconscious, and that >people-oriented< should be based on this category of human nature, while >a harmonious society< should be based on this category of human nature. It should also include multiple dimensions and levels, from >the way of the world< to >the human heart<, in a systematic and integrated manner. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xia, Bohua T1 - The Analysis and Comparison of Fromm and Berlin’s Freedom Theory [弗洛姆逃避自由理论和柏林两种自由理论之分析与比较], Master thesis, Foreign Marxist Theory, Southwest University, Yubei, Chongqing, China 2012. N2 - 本文就弗洛姆和柏林的自由理论分别进行了进行解读和分析。其中从自由是个心理学问题,人性与社会的两种适应关系,自由对人的双重影响、宗教改革和当代的自由、逃避自由的心理机制以及如何克服消极意义上的自由等多个方面解读了弗洛姆的自由思想。弗洛姆认为现代的我们比任何时候的人都需要自由,然而却没有享受到真正的自由,相反却是逃避自由。造成这个结果的原因主要是由社会和人心理双重压力所致。一方面,人越来越独立自由,越来越富有批判精神。同时,越来越孤立、孤独、微不足道、无能为力。另一方面,逃避孤独、是人性中固有的因素。弗洛姆认为逃避自由的主要机制就是权威主义、破坏欲和机械趋同。同时他也区分了消极自由与积极自由。本文对柏林的分析是从积极自由和消极自由、自我实现、多元论思想等进行的,伯林区分了消极自由和积极自由,认为>消极自由<为个人行动不受他人干涉的区域;>积极自由<意味着个人的生活和选择是由自己而不是任何异己的因素所决定。他极力推崇消极自由。但伯林的消极自由观也蕴含了内在的危机。同时文章也对两者的自由理论进行比较。他们都认为自由分为积极和消极自由。更多的是不同点,本文主要从他们对两种自由概念的理解、两种自由的侧重点,以及达到自由的途径不同,理论贡献和缺陷等四个方面进行分析。 N2 - This paper interprets and analyzes Fromm's and Berlin's theories of freedom respectively. The paper interprets Fromm's idea of freedom from various aspects, including freedom as a psychological problem, the two adaptive relations between human nature and society, the dual influence of freedom on human beings, the Reformation and contemporary freedom, the psychological mechanism of escaping from freedom and how to overcome the negative sense of freedom. Fromm argues that we need freedom more than ever in the modern age, yet we do not enjoy true freedom, but rather avoid it. The reason for this result is mainly due to the double pressure of society and human psychology. On the one hand, people are becoming more and more independent, free and critical. At the same time, they are becoming more and more isolated, lonely, insignificant and powerless. On the other hand, escaping from loneliness is an inherent element of human nature. According to Fromm, the main mechanisms of escaping from freedom are authoritarianism, destructive desire and mechanical convergence. At the same time, he also distinguishes between negative freedom and positive freedom. In this paper, Berlin's analysis is based on the ideas of positive freedom and negative freedom, self-realization, pluralism, etc. Berlin distinguishes between negative freedom and positive freedom. Individuals' lives and choices are determined by themselves and not by any dissident factors. He was a strong advocate of negative freedom. But there is also an inherent crisis in Berlin's view of negative liberty. The article also compares the two theories of freedom. They both agree that freedom is divided into positive and negative freedom. More points of difference, this article mainly analyzes four aspects, such as their understanding of the two concepts of freedom, the focus of the two freedoms, and the different ways to reach freedom, theoretical contributions and defects. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Baiwen T1 - Research on Erich Fromm’s Socialistic Ideology [洛姆社会主义思想研究], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2012. N2 - 社会主义的研究一直是东西方马克思主义者研究的热点问题之一。本文以著名的西方马克思主义者弗洛姆的社会主义思想为研究对象,对其进行较为全面地、系统地阐释与分析。在立足于科学社会主义原则的基础上,将弗洛姆社会主义思想与马克思社会主义结合研究,旨在更好地把握马克思主义基本原理,理解现代的社会主义实践。本文在对弗洛姆文化经历及其社会主义思想来源梳理的基础上,比较深入地探讨弗洛姆社会主义思想的理论基石与方法论基础,分析弗洛姆对不能满足>预制<人性的现代资本主义社会>丰裕<异化的批判,考察弗洛姆憧憬社会主义社会的新图景。同时,对弗洛姆社会主义思想进行了辩证的评析。文章认为,弗洛姆社会主义思想的合理成分在于崇尚社会主义的向上精神,坚定社会主义彻底否定资本主义,倡导规约技术与健康消费的社会主义理念。弗洛姆社会主义思想的理论缺憾在于,以抽象人性论为出发点,片面理解社会主义的内涵,漠视通向实现未来社会途径的现实性。弗洛姆的社会主义思想仍未能跳出乌托邦的理性藩篱,属于现代空想社会主义,其实质就是人道主义的社会主义。对弗洛姆社会主义思想进行研究,可以进一步审视已有研究成果存在的某些分歧。在社会主义思想发展的背景下,积极推进对西方社会主义思想研究的深化,正确把握科学社会主义的思想真谛,对我国社会主义建设具有重要的理论价值和实践意义 N2 - The research on socialism is always one of the hot issues to the eastern and western Marxists. This thesis focuses on Fromm, the famous western Marxist’s socialistic ideology as the research object; makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis and interpretation on it. Based on the principle of scientific socialism, this thesis makes a combined research of Fromm’s socialistic ideology and Marxist socialism, aims to grasp the basic tenets of Marxism and understand modern socialistic practice. - On the basis of reviewing Fromm’s cultural experience and the socialist ideological source, this thesis discusses Fromm’s socialistic ideology’s theoretical foundation and methodological basis deeply; analyzes Fromm’s criticism on modern capitalism’s >affluent< alienation not meeting prefabricated human nature; investigates the new picture which Fromm looked forward to. At the same time, the thesis gives dialectical comments on Fromm’s socialistic ideology. It argues that, the reasonable components of Fromm is to advocate socialistic positive spirit, strengthen socialism and repudiate capitalism, initiate socialistic ideas of restricted technology and healthy consumption. But his theoretical failure lies in that his thought starts as an abstract theory of human nature, understands the connotation of socialism partially, disregard the reality of ways to reach the future society. Fromm’s socialistic ideology failed to be out of restriction of reason of Utopia; it also belongs to modern utopian socialism and its essence is the humanitarian socialism. - Doing research on Fromm’s socialistic ideology can examine differences of existing research further. Under the background of socialistic ideas’ development, promoting to western socialism thoughts’ deepening and grasping the essence of scientific socialism correctly has important theoretical and practical significance to Chinese socialist construction. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ji, Shuqin T1 - The Research on Erich Fromm’s Thoughts of Human Nature [弗洛姆人性思想研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2012. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆是法兰克福学派早期的重要成员,也是弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义流派的核心人物。弗洛姆从现实的社会生活出发来探讨人性,不仅强调生物因素对人性的作用,还重视社会政治经济结构对人性的影响,因此人性在结构上是一种囊括社会属性和自然属性、理性思维和情感意志、群体性和个体性等在内的多层次的总体人性。弗洛姆认为处在现实社会生活之中的个人性善或者性恶,不仅取决于家庭环境、文化氛围、社会环境等多种因素的影响,更重要的是具体个人自身选择的结果。弗洛姆鼓励人们抑恶扬善,努力实现善的潜能或倾向,逐步完善人性。弗洛姆也从生物进化学的角度对人性做出了解读,从人类所特有的生存境遇中来研究人性,提出>人的本质就是人的生存所固有的矛盾<的观点。根据这种生存境遇而产生的种种生存矛盾的不同表现,将此区分为>生存的两歧<和>历史的两歧<。由此出发,认为存在着>相关联的需要、超越的需要、生存根基的需要、自我认同的需要、倾向性与献身方式的需要<等五种心理需要。>性格<这一概念的引入是弗洛姆人性思想的一个重要创举,这根源于马克思把人性分为两类,一是>人的一般本性<,二是根据具体的历史时代情境而>发生了变化的人的本性<的观点。在有关性格<的问题上,他区分了个人性格和社会性格,并且把社会性格看作是经济基础与上层建筑之间一个桥梁或者纽带。这是对马克思主义理论的一个十分重要的补充,也为我们观察社会问题提供了一个崭新的视角。笔者认为,弗洛姆的人性思想,一方面在研究方法、现代社会人心内涵解读等方面存在着历史合理性;另一方面,也存在着对意志、情感等非理性因素作用夸大、思想内在矛盾等诸多理论局限性,这是由弗洛姆综合不同理论思想研究的特质所决定的。 N2 - Erich Fromm was an important figure of the Frankfurt School in its early stage, and also a core leader in the Freudianism Marxism. From the reality of the social life to explore the human nature, not only did he emphasize the effect of the biological factors, Fromm but also paid much attention on the social political and economic structure, so the human nature was a overall human nature of multiple levels, including social attribute and nature attribute, rational thinking and emotional activity, group and individual, and other aspects. Fromm thought individual good or evil in the reality of social live not only did depend on the family environment, culture atmosphere, social environment and other factors, but also was the results of the specific personal selection. Fromm encouraged people to speak well of your friends, say nothing of your enemy, strived to achieve good potential or tendency, and gradually perfected the thought of human nature. - At the same time, Fromm made an interpretation of the human nature from the evolutionary biology perspective, and studied the human nature deeply rooted in the unique of the human survival environment, and drew the conclusion that >the essence of man was the inherent paradox of the human existence<. According to such existence situation leading to a variety of different survival contradiction, Fromm made a distinction between >existential dichotomy< and >historical dichotomy<. In this view, he thought there existed five kinds of psychological need: the need of being related, the need of surpass, the need of finding survival root, the need of seeking confirmation, the need of tendency and devotion. - The concept of the character being introduced to Fromm’s thought of human nature was an important pioneering work, which derived from the Marxism that the human nature was put into two categories, one was >the general nature of man<, two was >the changed human nature< based on the specific historical context. About the character, Fromm made a distinction between individual character and social character, and treated the social character as a bridge or ligament between the economic foun-dation and the superstructure. It was an important complement to the Marxism, and provided a new angle of view to observe the social problems. - The author thinks, Fromm’s thought of human nature, on one hand has certain historical rationality of the study on the research method, the interpretation of modern social public feeling connotation; on the other hand, due to exaggerating the effect of the will, emotion and other irrational factors and inherent contradiction in the idea, his thought of human nature has some theoretical limitations. This is due to the trait of Fromm trying to synthesize different theories of different ideologists. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Guo, Min T1 - Mental Health Research Viewed from the Perspective of General Problem-Solving [广义问题解决视野下的心理健康研究], Doctoral dissertation, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 2912. N2 - 当今社会,人们的生活节奏不断加快,竞争压力越来越大,来自学习、工作、婚姻、交往等方方面面的问题使得越来越多的人难以应对,严重影响了人们的心理健康。追求心理健康已成为当代社会生活的最重要内容之一。然而,什么是心理健康?心理健康与哪些因素有关?如何才能更好保持心理健康状态呢?无数心理学家仍在寻求这些问题的答案。本文选取广义问题解决的全新视角,提出心理健康就是及时发现并成功解决问题所达到的心理平衡状态。此处的>问题<是广义的,既包括生活当中的各种外部问题(非心理问题),又包括个体内部产生的心理问题(内部问题)。广义问题解决指包括发现问题、评价问题、选择问题和解决问题在内的全过程。心理健康与个人(先天遗传因素与后天发展因素)、社会(家庭环境、学校教育、工作单位、社会氛围、互联网络等)、文化等多种因素密切相关。当任何因素导致个体无法成功解决生活中的种种外部问题时,就可能产生心理问题,严重者甚至导致心理疾病。因此要全面理解心理健康、更好保持心理健康,首先必须理清心理健康、心理问题、心理疾病三者之间的关系。什么是心理健康?什么是心理问题?什么是心理疾病?心理健康、心理问题、心理疾病三者之间有着怎样的关系?心理学家如何理解心理健康?为何选取广义问题解决的研究视角?基于广义问题解决的心理健康观有何特点?广义问题解决各环节与心理健康的关系如何?心理问题的成因是什么?解决心理问题的主要途径与基本方式有哪些?本文分六章来讨论以上问题。第一章>心理健康概述<首先考察健康与心理健康的定义及关系,然后考察心理问题的定义、分类及其与心理疾病的区别。接着考察心理疾病的定义。最后探讨心理健康与心理问题、心理疾病之间的相互关系,三者之间可以相互转化,而转化的关键因素在于广义问题解决。第二章>传统心理健康观评析<分别考察精神分析学派、存在-人本主义学派、认知-行为主义学派代表人物的心理健康观。精神分析学派考察了弗洛伊德、阿德勒、荣格、埃里克森、霍妮、弗洛姆的心理健康观。存在-人本主义学派考察了马斯洛、罗杰斯、罗洛•梅、弗兰克的心理健康观。认知-行为主义学派考察了斯金纳、班杜拉、乔治•凯利的心理健康观。以上心理学家向我们展示不同的视角和风格,为我们进行心理健康研究提供了参照和启发。第三章>基于广义问题解决的心理健康观<首先考察基于广义问题解决的心理健康观的特点,接着简述了广义问题解决的四个环节,然后分别探讨了发现问题与心理健康、评价问题与心理健康、选择问题与心理健康、解决问题与心理健康之间的关系,并分别结合典型案例进行具体分析。第四章>问题的分类及其成因<本文根据研究需要将问题划分为外部问题(非心理问题)与内部问题(心理问题)。外部问题主要包括学习成长问题、职业生涯问题、爱情婚姻问题、人际交往问题等,内部问题可根据其成因分为外因为主型心理问题和内因为主型心理问题,或根据其产生的时程分为急性心理问题和慢性心理问题。然后分析了外部问题与内部问题的成因。第五章>心理问题的主要解决途径<分别从个人视角、社会视角和文化视角探讨心理问题的解决途径。个人视角下的心理问题解决主要包括预防心理问题的发生和正确对待心理问题。社会视角下的心理问题解决主要依赖社会支持系统和专业治疗系统。文化视角下的心理问题解决主要运用哲学文化、科学文化、艺术文化和宗教文化所提供的思维方式。第六章>解决心理问题的三种基本方式<论述了顺应、反抗、超越这三种解决心理问题的基本方式,并进行典型案例分析。这三种基本方式并不是截然分开的,而是相互关联的。在心理问题解决的不同阶段、不同层次可能分别用到这三种基本方式。 N2 - In today’s society, the pace of people’s life continues to accelerate, competitive pressure continues to increase. More and more people have difficult to deal with problems from aspects of learning, working, marriage, and exchanges, which making a serious impact on people’s mental health. Pursuit of mental health has become one of the most important elements of contemporary social life. However, what’s mental health? What factors is related to mental health? How to maintain mental health status? Countless psychologists are still searching for the answers to these questions.– This paper selects the new general problem-solving perspective, proposing that mental health is achieving mental equilibrium by timely discovering and successfully solving problems. The >problem< here is in a broad sense, including various external problems (non-mental problems) in life, and mental problems generated internal (internal problems). General problem-solving refers to the whole process of discovering problems, evaluating problems, selecting problems, and solving problems.– Mental health is closely related to personal factors (genetic factors and acquired factors), social factors (family environment, school education, work units, social atmosphere, the Internet, etc.), cultural and other factors. When these factors cause individuals unable to solve external problems in life successfully, they may have mental problems, or even lead to mental illness. Therefore, to comprehensively understand mental health and better maintain mental health, we must sort out the relationship among mental health, mental problems, and mental illness.– What is mental health? What is mental problem? What is mental illness? What’s the relationship among mental health, mental problems, and mental illness? How to understand mental health by psychologists? Why select the general problem-solving research perspective? What are the characteristics of the concept of mental health based on general problem-solving? What’s the relationship between various aspects of the general problem-solving and mental health? What are the causes of mental problems? What are the main solutions and basic ways to solve mental problems? This article will discuss the above issues in six chapters. - The first chapter >Overview of mental health<: it investigates the definition of health and mental health and their relationship firstly, and then studies the mental problem definition, classification and distinction with mental illness. Then, it inspects the definition of mental illness. Finally, it discusses the relationship among mental health, mental problems, and mental illness. Between the three can be transformed into each other, and the key factor of transformation is the general problem-solving.– The second chapter >Traditional mental health concepts<: it reviews the concept of mental health from representatives of psychoanalytic school, being-humanistic school and cognitive-behaviorism school. In the psychoanalytic school, it reviews the mental health concept of Freud, Adler, Jung, Erikson, Homey, and Fromm. In the being-humanistic school, it reviews the mental health concept of Maslow, Rogers, Rollo May, and Frank. In the cognitive-behaviorism school, it reviews the mental health concept of Skinner, Bandura, and George•Kelly. The above psychologists show us different perspectives and styles, which providing reference and inspiration for mental health research.– The third chapter >the Concept of mental health based on general problem-solving<: it discusses the characteristic of mental health concept based on general problem-solving firstly, then outlined the four areas of the general problem-solving, and then respectively discussed the relationship between finding problems and mental health, evaluating problems and mental health, selecting problems and mental health, solving problems and mental health, which combined with typical cases analysis.– The fourth chapter >Classification of the problem and its causes<: According to the research needs, we divided problems into external (non-mental problems) and internal (mental problems). External problems are including learning and growth problems, career problems, love and marriage problems, interpersonal relationship problems. Internal problems can be divided into external factors predomi-nant mental problems and internal factors predominant mental problems according to its causes, or divided into acute mental problems and chronic mental problems according to its time. And then it analyzes the causes of external problems and internal problems.– The fifth chapter >the Main solutions of mental problems<: it explores methods to resolve mental problems, from personal perspective, social perspective and cultural perspective respectively. Mental problem-solving in the personal perspective mainly includes prevention of mental problems and correct treatment of mental problems. Mental problem-solving in the social perspective mainly relies on social support systems and professional treatment system. Mental problem-solving in cultural perspective mainly applies the way of thinking from philosophical culture, science culture, arts culture and religious culture.– The sixth chapter >Three basic ways to solve mental problems<: it discusses the three basic way of adaptation, resistance, beyond to solve mental problems, combining with typical cases analysis. These three basic ways are not completely separate, but interrelated. Different levels+J27413 or different stages of mental problem-solving, we may use different one of the three basic ways. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Durán, Francisco Javier Riuz T1 - Aproximación al pensamiento de Erich Fromm. El humanismo socialista, Granada /Editorial Académica Española) 2012, 92 pp. N2 - Erich Fromm fue un hombre marcado por las desagradables y terribles circunstancias que vivió en su tiempo, posiblemente el más trágico de la historia. Ante ella nuestro autor, lejos de abatirse, concentró todo su esfuerzo intelectual en esclarecer las verdaderas raíces de la existencia humana en todos los campos y desde todas las esferas de su formación. Conformó un sistema para entender la vida desde el hombre individual hasta la humanidad para, primero, comprender, y después, eliminar todas las vías que reconducen al hombre a su destrucción total. En el fondo, su pensamiento es un grito, una denuncia franca contra la sin razón de las contiendas mundiales y el sistema bipolar que amenazaba con un nuevo Holocausto, el nuclear. El sistema para la humanización del hombre vuelve a poner de manifiesto, a modo de saber arcano, el mensaje universal de un humanismo que, para nuestro autor abarca, desde los antiguos profetas a las ideas del joven Marx y las teorías de Freud, pasando por la teología negativa de Maimónides que finalmente completaría el >Meister Eckhart<. Así configura su camino para el hombre, para todos los hombres que quieran unirse en paz, independientemente de sus cree. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zingale, Nicholas C. A1 - Piccorelli, Justin T. T1 - A View from Erich Fromm on Individuality Within Organizations JF - Administrative Theory and Praxis, Vol. 34 (No. 2, 2012), pp. 211-236. N2 - Do individuals have freedom or are they free? This project utilizes phenomenology and Erich Fromm's concepts of having and being to explore the issue of awareness through the lens of individuals working in public and private organizations. It argues that awareness of freedom is not only structurally constrained within organizations, but serves to conflate a way of being. Further, it suggests, individuals, and especially societal leaders, have a responsibility to take a stand and act according to what provides them with meaning so as to preserve and expand access to individual freedom. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhong, Jieping T1 - Interpretation of Alienation in the Figures of >If We Dream Too Long< [《假如我们梦太久》中人物的异化解读] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Youth Literator [青年文学家], No. 6 (2012), pp. 80-81. N2 - 新加坡英语文学以其众多的优秀作品引起了越来越多学者们的关注。吴宝星的小说《假如我们梦太久》是当代新加坡文学中现代意义上的第一部英语文学小说。该书以独立不久的新加坡为背景,讲述了新加坡人独特的生活经历。本文旨在以弗洛姆的异化和健全理论探讨小说中主人公光萌在不健全社会里的挣扎、反抗和自我追寻的历程,最终光萌选择去爱这个世界而不是逃避或者妥协。 N2 - Singapore English literature for its many outstanding works attracted more and more attention from scholars. Pauline Star's novel >If we dream too long<, Singapore is a contemporary English literature's first literary fiction in the modern sense. The book soon after independence, Singapore is the story of a unique life experience Singaporeans. This article aims to Fromm's alienation and the hero of the novel sound theoretical discussion in light Meng unsound society struggle, resistance, and self-pursuit of history, finally light Meng choose to love or to escape this world rather than compromise. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yehua T1 - Review Fromm’s >Marx’s Concept of Man< [评弗洛姆的《马克思论人》], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012 N2 - 人的问题是马克思一生关注的主题,马克思从自然、社会、实践的三维视角,全面系统的讨论人的问题,从而实现了人的理论的变革。马克思人的思想诞生以后,引起了中西方学者的高度关注,弗洛姆就是其中之一。面对20世纪社会上人的问题的种种困惑,弗洛姆选择了马克思,在《马克思论人》一书中,对马克思有关人的思想进行分析和解读,试图从中找出解决的方法。本文认为,弗洛姆对马克思人的论述在一定程度上丰富了马克思的思想,但也存在着一些误解和曲解。本文对弗洛姆《马克思论人》中的观点进行了具体评析,由以下四个部分组成:第一部分,主要介绍了弗洛姆解读马克思思想所处的社会历史背景及其理论来源。20世纪初,战争的动乱,资本主义社会的经济危机不断爆发,社会中出现了一系列的问题,如人的信仰缺失和社会化生活机械化的倾向是弗洛姆解读马克思理论提供了现实基础;就理论来源来说,主要是弗洛伊德的精神分析理论、马克思的>异化<理论以及历史唯物主义对弗洛姆所产生的影响。第二部分,总结和提炼了马克思有关人的思想,介绍了马克思的人的思想发展历程,归纳了马克思人的本质内涵,并对马克思人的思想的特点做总结。马克思人的思想是逐步发展、逐步深化的,是对前人思想批判和吸收的基础上形成的,黑格尔的>绝对精神<和费尔巴哈的>类本质<都对马克思产生过极大的影响;马克思从自然、实践、社会的三维视角,对人的问题作了一个全面的阐述,自然存在物的人是基础,实践存在是人发展的动力,社会实践是人本质表现;马克思的人的思想具有现实性、多重性、统一性和发展性的特点。第三部分,主要从四个角度介绍弗洛姆《马克思论人》中对马克思人的思想的理解。关于异化理论,弗洛姆认为马克思的异化意味着主体和客体的分离,包括人的劳动过程异化和劳动结果异化两方面,异化问题历来就有,在资本主义到达顶点,并认为马克思没有预见到异化的程度;关于社会主义,弗洛姆认为马克思的社会主义的目标是实现人的解放,是一种先知式的救世主义的土壤,是基督教理想和个人理想的结合;历史唯物主义方面,弗洛姆认为历史唯物主义超越了传统的唯物主义,是人道主义和自然主义的结合,人的历史由劳动创造,是与大自然进行斗争的历史;关于人的本性,弗洛姆认为马克思所说的本性就是《手稿》中的本质,劳动是人本质实现的方式,马克思对资本主义的批判不是针对经济,而是针对人性异化,其所要做的就是实现将人从异化中解放出来。第四部分,主要对弗洛姆的思想进行评析。弗洛姆认识到了人在历史中的地位,社会主义的目标是实现人的解放,并结合精神分析学去分析社会中人的问题,丰富和发展了马克思人的思想;但他忽视了历史唯物主义的基本矛盾,没有看到人的本性和人的本质的区别,片面的夸大了异化的适用范围,脱离了社会现实;弗洛姆的思想为我们解决生活中的过度消费、人心空虚等问题提供了新的视野。 N2 - Marx focused the question of man in all his life. He discussed it on three-dimensional, natural, social, practical, which helped achieve the change of the theory. The birth of Marxist man's thoughts attracted lots of Western scholars' attention; Erich Fromm is one of them. Fromm chose Marx when he faced much confusion about social man in the 20th century. Marx's Concept of Man analysis and interprets man's thoughts of Marx, trying to find out the solution. Author holds that Fromm enriches the ideas of Marx, but there are also some misunderstandings and misinterpretations. - This paper evaluates Fromm's concepts in Marx's Concept of Man, which is made up of following four parts: The first part describes the social and historical background and theoretical sources of Fromm's interpretation of Marx's thinking. In early20th century, the turmoil of war and economic crisis broke out a series of problems, such as lack of faith and social tendencies of the mechanization of life. Fromm interpretation of Marxist theory intends to provide a realistic basis, which is from Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Marx's >alienation< theory and historical materialism.– The second part summarizes and refines the man's thoughts of Marx and his thinking process, then sums up the essence of Marx's definition of man, and concludes the characteristics of Marx's man thinking. Man's thoughts of Marx are gradually developed on the basis of Hegel's >absolute spirit< and Feuerbach's >class nature<. Marx gave a comprehensive understanding about man on three-dimensional perspective, which is consists of natural, practical, and social. Natural existence is the basis of practice, which is the power of the human development and the nature of man. Marx's mind about man has the characteristics of reality, multiplicity, unity and development.– The third part introduces Fromm's understanding of Marx's man thinking in Marx's Concept of Man from four perspectives. On the theory of alienation, Fromm think that Marx's alienation means the separation of subject and object, including the alienation of the labor process and labor product. Alienation has always been existed, but in capitalism it reaches the top. He recognized that Marx did not foresee the extent of alienation. About socialist, Fromm believes that the goal of Marxist socialism is the liberation of man, a prophet-like savior which is a combination of Christian ideals and personal ideals. In historical materialism aspects, Fromm thought that the traditional historical materialism was surpassed by historical materialism, which is a combination of humanitarian and naturalistic. The history of human is created by labor and the struggle with nature. About human nature, Fromm said Marx's interpretation of nature is that in the Manuscript. Labor is the way in which man to achieve, and Marx's critique of capitalism is not for economic but for the alienation of human nature. What they need to do is to achieve liberation from alienation.– The forth part gives a critical analysis of Fromm's thought. Fromm knew the status of people in history, and the goal of socialism is the liberation of man. He still analyzes the social human issues combined with psychoanalysis, which develop man's thoughts of Marx. But he ignored the basic contradiction in historical materialism. He could not see the difference between human nature and human character, and he exaggerated the scope of alienation, which made him separated from the social reality. But Fromm's thinking provides new perspective for us to resolve excessive consumption and people empty. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Yanmei T1 - Out of the Fog of Consumption – Resolution on Consumer Alienation [走出消费的迷雾 -对消费异化的解析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2012. N2 - 消费是人类物质生产与再生产中的一个重要环节,也是人类生存与发展的首要条件之一,但在当代>异化<却侵入了消费领域,以符号消费、奢侈消费、盲目消费为代表的消费方式,正在把我们人类引向一种可怕境地,这不得不引起我们对消费方式的反思。本文通过对消费异化的概念、特征及危害的阐述,使我们了解到,消费异化实质是一种脱离了消费者的正常需要,与消费的本质相背离,控制或操纵消费者,且具有严重危害性的非正常消费方式。这种非正常消费方式给自然、社会以及人自身都带来了严重危害。本文通过运用马克思的异化劳动理论分别从资本、商品拜物教等不同角度揭示出了造成消费异化的根源。同时面对我国目前消费领域中出现的种种异化现象,结合西方马克思主义扬弃消费异化之路的思想,特别是弗洛姆的>人道化消费<思想和生态马克思主义学派的>构建新的社会主义<思想,力图寻求即与我国当前经济发展水平、生态环境水平和资源状况相适应,又与人们的精神需要相协调的和谐消费模式,以期为最终走出消费的迷雾寻求人类的精神家园作出有益的尝试。 N2 - Consumption is human material production and reproduction an important role in human survival and the development also is one of the primary condition, but in the contemporary >alienation< hacked into the consumer areas to symbol consumption, luxury consumption, blind consumption, as a representative of the consumption pattern, are we humans to a terrible situation, this had to cause us to reflect on the way of consumption. This article through to consumption alienation of the concept, characteristics and harm paper, that we know, consumption alienation is essentially from the consumer's normal needs, and the essence of consumption departure from, control or manipulate consumers, and has a serious danger of abnormal consumption status. - The abnormal consumption to nature, society and the way people themselves with the serious harm. This article through the use of Marx's theory of alienation from each of the alienated labor, capital, commodity fetishism and so on the different Angle reveal the cause the origin of consumption dissimilation. While facing our country at present the consumption in the field of all kinds of alienation appear, combined with the western Marxist sublation of the road of consumption dissimilation thoughts, especially Fromm's >humanitarian change consumption< thought and ecological Marxist school of >constructing new socialism< thought, find out a namely and China's current economic development level, the ecological environment level and resources situation, the adapt, and the spirit of the people and to coordinate the harmonious consumption mode, finally out of the fog of consumption for the human spirit home. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Tingting T1 - Research on the Needs Theory of Ideological and Political Education from an Interdisciplinary Perspective [跨学科视角的思想政治教育需求理论研究], Master thesis, Ideological and Political Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2012. N2 - 思想政治教育的复杂性使得思想政治教育跨学科研究成为重要方法。需求理论是哲学和社会心理学研究的重要课题之一。需求理论与思想政治教育具有内在一致性。本文在思想政治教育研究成果的基础上,尝试从跨学科的视角研究思想政治教育需求理论,分析其特质,总结跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理论的影响。全文分三大部分,分别为概述跨学科的需求理论,分析需求理论与思想政治教育的内在联系,用跨学科的需求理论提升思想政治教育观、拓展思想政治教育途径和完善思想政治教育方法。第一部分:跨学科需求理论的概述。这是本文立论的前提。本文主要借鉴的跨学科需求理论包括:马克思的需求理论、马斯洛的需求理论、奥尔德弗的需求理论、勒温的需求理论、弗洛伊德的需求理论、麦克利兰的需求理论、马尔库塞的需求理论和弗洛姆的需求理论。第二部分:思想政治教育需求理论的特质。这是本文立论的基础。需求是个人与社会发展之间永恒的主题,思想政治教育的研究对象正是人,所以需求理论与思想政治教育具有内在一致性。分析思想政治教育需求理论的特质,是为下一步研究跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理论的影响打下重要基础。本部分主要从思想政治教育需求理论的内涵、特征、功能以及对思想政治教育需求理论的反思四个方面进行分析。第三部分:跨学科需求理论对思想政治教育需求论的影响。这是本文的核心部分。本部分在前两部分的基础之上,运用跨学科的需求理论,加强思想政治教育的理论研究。本部分主要从跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理念的提升、需求途径的拓展和需求应用的完善等方面进行论述。本文主要采用文献分析法、逻辑分析法和对比分析法来进行研究。相比之前学者的研究,本文运用了更多西方学者关于需求的理论,并结合这些理论对思想政治教育需求理论进行全方面的分析 N2 - The complexity of ideological and political education makes interdisciplinary research of ideological and political education an important method. Demand theory is one of the important topics in philosophy and social psychology. Demand theory and ideological and political education are inherently consistent. Based on the research results of ideological and political education, this article attempts to study the demand theory of ideological and political education from an interdisciplinary perspective, analyze its characteristics, and summarize the influence of the interdisciplinary demand theory on the demand theory of ideological and political education. The full text is divided into three parts. They are respectively an overview of interdisciplinary demand theory, analysis of the internal connection between demand theory and ideological and political education, and use of interdisciplinary demand theory to enhance the concept of ideological and political education, expand ideological and political education methods, and improve ideological and political education methods. The first part: an overview of interdisciplinary needs theory. This is the premise of this article. The interdisciplinary demand theories that this article mainly draws on include: Marx's demand theory, Maslow's demand theory, Alderfer’s demand theory, Lewin’s demand theory, Freud's demand theory, McClelland’s demand theory, Marcuse's demand theory and Fromm’s demand theory.– The second part: The characteristics of the demand theory of ideological and political education. This is the basis of this article. Demand is an eternal theme between individual and social development. The research object of ideological and political education is human beings, so demand theory and ideological and political education are inherently consistent. Analyzing the characteristics of the demand theory of ideological and political education is to lay an important foundation for the next step of research on the influence of interdisciplinary demand theory on the demand theory of ideological and political education. This part mainly analyzes the connotation, characteristics and functions of the demand theory of ideological and political education and the reflection on the demand theory of ideological and political education.– The third part: the influence of interdisciplinary demand theory on the demand theory of ideological and political education. This is the core part of this article. On the basis of the first two parts, this part uses interdisciplinary demand theory to strengthen theoretical research on ideological and political education. This part mainly discusses the improvement of the demand concept of ideological and political education by the interdisciplinary demand theory, the expansion of demand channels and the improvement of demand applications. This article mainly uses literature analysis, logic analysis and comparative analysis to conduct research. Compared with previous studies by scholars, this article uses more Western scholars' theories on demand, and combines these theories to make a comprehensive analysis of the theory of demand for ideological and political education. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Haitao A1 - Gao, Shikui T1 - Understanding the History and Unique Features of the Dream [论梦的认识历史和独特功能] JF - People's Tribune [人民论坛], No. 14 (2012), pp. 128-129. N2 - 梦是一个虚幻而又真实的世界,是特殊状态下的思维和情绪活动。对梦的探索,反映了人类自身的理性精神和对真理孜孜不倦的追求。文章回顾了弗洛伊德、荣格、阿德勒、弗洛姆、巴甫洛夫等人有关梦的理论,并归纳了梦在现实生活中的独特功能。 N2 - Dream is a fantasy but the real world is thinking and emotional events of special state. Exploration of dreams, reflecting the spirit of rational human beings and the tireless pursuit of the truth. The article reviews the Freud, Jung, Adler, Fromm, Pavlov and others about the dream theory, and summarizes the unique features of the dream in real life. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Haitao A1 - Cui, Hui T1 - Thoughts in Dreams [睡眠中的思维——梦刍议] JF - Journal of Harbin University [哈尔滨学院学报], No. 3 (2012), pp. 31-36. N2 - 梦是一个虚幻而又真实的世界,是特殊状态下的思维与情绪活动。人类对梦的研究和探索,同时涉及宗教、神学、哲学、自然科学和人文社会科学等许多问题。随着人们对梦研究的进一步加深,形成了不同的梦的理论,比如弗洛伊德、荣格、阿德勒、弗洛姆、巴甫洛夫等对梦都形成了自己独特的理论。而对于梦的功能也提出了许多不同的观点。人类对于梦的探索,反映了人类自身的理性精神和对真理孜孜不倦的追求。 N2 - Dream, a world of fantasy and reality, is thinking and emotional activity in special state. The study of dreams concerns religion, mythology, philosophy, natural science and humanistic science. With the advancement of dream theory, Freud, Jung, Adler, Fromm, Pavlov as well as other psychologists develop their own theories. There are various views upon the function of dreams. The exploration of dreams reflects man’ rational mentality and consistent pursuit of truth. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Zhiping T1 - The Exploration of Liberation Theory of Freudian Marxism – Centered on Marcuse [>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<>解放<理论探析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2012. N2 - 作为西方马克思主义的主要流派之一,>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<是于20世纪二三十年代出现并于五六十年代得以发展。这一理论思想是声称要把马克思主义与弗洛伊德的精神分析学说>综合<起来,而实际是一种用精神分析学>改铸<马克思主义的非马克思主义思潮。任何一种成熟的社会理论都必然关注人的解放问题,并把解放作为自己理论的历史使命。准确把握一个特定的社会理论或者社会思潮的>解放<理论,自然也就成为一种最有益的尝试。因此,本文主要是以马尔库塞为中心,系统地梳理>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<的解放理论,全文共分为四个部分:第一部分为引言。简单介绍本文选题研究的理论意义和现实意义,当前理论界对该选题的的研究现状,并简要阐述>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<的理论渊源及其基本观点,进而勾勒出笔者研究的基本逻辑思路。第二部分主要考察>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<>解放<理论的基本语境。本章以赖希、弗洛姆为线索人物,引出弗洛伊德的早期意识与无意识理论与马克思主义的社会结构理论综合在一起,得出了社会无意识概念的理论轨迹。在此基础上,以>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<这一思想体系中最具代表性的人物马尔库塞为中心,以他的《爱欲与文明》一书为主线,对马尔库塞解放理论形成的个人经历、社会背景,以及其理论渊源作系统阐释。>弗洛伊德主义<与马克思早期的>人本主义学说<相结合,构建了一种对于>现代工业社会<的新的批判理论,并进一步论述了>现代工业社会<对于人的>爱欲<的>压抑<,并提出了>人的解放<本质上是>爱欲<的解放的理论观点。同时马尔库塞的这一>解放<概念还包含着对于实现人的解放和社会解放的>新道路<的探索。他通过揭示>爱欲<解放的依据并实际地把人摆脱>压抑<和扬弃>异化<而发挥>潜能<实现>爱欲<的过程看作了人的解放过程。第三部分主要是对马尔库塞解放理论的核心内容进行梳理。首先考察马尔库塞对当代资本主义社会的批判确立其解放的依据,马尔库塞认为,由于资本主义社会的>额外压抑<,人类要想获得解放就必须实现>爱欲<解放。其次,马尔库塞认为要想消除各种导致人们>额外压抑<的异化,从本能上释放自由,就必须赋予一种革命主体,马尔库塞在寻求革命主体的时候则经历了无产阶级—新左派—艺术家这一过程。最后,由于马尔库塞对解放的目标与革命的动因与主体都做出了新的解释,因而,马尔库塞对解放的路径也提出了新的看法,马尔库塞从经济、政治、文化、意识形态、艺术等各个方面出发,提出了社会主义革命道路应该选择>第三条道路<,即非暴力的反抗,也就是进行>伟大的拒绝<。第四部分立足于马克思解放理论对马尔库塞>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<解放理论进行评论。首先,本文认为这一解放理论有两个显著的特点:一是对当代资本主义的批判与透视,二是对所尝试>西方思潮<与>马克思主义<进行的结合有一定的帮助和启示。其次,在马克思主义看来,马尔库塞>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<的解放理论带有显著的局限性,表现在:其哲学根基有着根本差异、>解放<理论的现实路径上也大异其趣。 N2 - As one of the main schools of Western Marxism, >Freudian Marxism doctrine< appeared in 1920s and1930, and got into full swing in1950s and1960s. This theory claims to integrate Marx’s theory with Freud's psychoanalysis theory, but actually it is non-Marxism thought which use psychoanalysis to >recast< Marxism. Any kind of mature social theory must pay close attention to people's liberation and regard liberation as the historical mission of his theory. It will naturally become a beneficial attempt to have an accurate grasp of >liberation< theory of a certain social theory or social trend of thought. Therefore, this paper, center around Marcuse, is to systematically tease Freudian Marxism liberation theory. - G253The paper will fall into four parts: The first part is introduction and will briefly introduce the theoretical and practical significance of the research and how far has this research been conducted at present, briefly describing the Theoretical Origin of Freudian Marxism theory and its basic points, and then outlines the author's basic logic thinking of study. The second part mainly focuses on the basic context of Freudian Marxism's liberation theory. This chapter takes Lai, Fromm as the clue character and lead to Freud's early consciousness and unconsciousness theory and Marxism general theory. And then, centers around Marcuse, the most representative figure in Freudian Marxism and take his book Eros and civilization as the main line to elaborate the personal experiences, social background, as well as its theory origin of the formation of Marcuse's liberation theory. The combination of >Freudianism< with Marx's early humanism theory builds a new critical theory of the modern industrial society. And elaborates the >repression< of modern industrial society on the >Eros<, and proposes the theory that human liberation is in essence >Eros< liberation. At the same time, Marcuse's >liberation< concept also includes the realization of human liberation and social liberation >new road< exploration. He reveals the >Eros< liberation and the basis actual put people out of >depression< and develop the useful and discard the useless >alienation< and play a >potential< implementation >Eros< process as the course of man's emancipation. The third part is mainly to tease the core content of liberation theory of Marcuse's Freudian Marxism. Firstly it examines Marcuse's social critique of the contemporary capitalist society and its liberation basis. Marcuse believes that due to the >additional depression< of capitalist society, human beings must realize >Eros< liberation if they want to liberate themselves. Secondly, Marcuse believes it if we want to eliminate alienations which lead to people's additional depression and to release instinct freedom, we must find a revolutionary body Marcuse in seeking revolutionary body when experienced the proletariat-New Left-artists of this process. Finally, by Marcuse on emancipatory goals and motivation of revolution and the main body have made a new interpretation, therefore, Marcuse on the emancipation path also offered new view, from the economy, politics, culture, Marcuse, ideology, art and other aspects set out, put forward the socialist revolution road should choose >the third road<, non violent resistance, is the >great refusal<. The fourth part, based on Marxism liberation theory, give a comment on liberation theory of Marcuse's Freudian Marxism. First of all, the paper holds that the liberation theory has two notable features: a critique of contemporary capitalism and perspective and to try to >Western genre< and >the Marx doctrine< was combined with some help and enlightenment. Secondly, it seems to Marxism that Marcuse's Freudian Marxism liberation theory has obvious limitations, for example: its philosophy basis has a fundamental difference, the realistic path of its liberation theory is quite different. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang Kang, Yuxin T1 - Marx's Theory of Alienation and Its Practical Significance [马克思的异化理论及其现实意义], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2012. N2 - 异化作为标志人的生存状态的重要哲学范畴,一直是哲学家们关注和争论的焦点。异化理论是马克思理论的重要内容之一,他是在吸收前人思想的基础之上,创造性地提出了自己的异化理论。本文主要通过重新审视马克思的异化理论,探讨它的理论来源和形成阶段,重点分析了马克思的异化劳动理论,并且选取了西方马克思主义的几个典型代表人物:马尔库塞、卢卡奇、列斐伏尔、弗洛姆,对他们有关异化思想予以介绍。以此为理论基础,来分析现代人在人与物之间,人与人之间以其人与自然之间的异化表现,并且进一步分析了当代中国在经济、政治和文化领域内所存在的一些异化现象,探讨了这些现象存在的必然性和历史性。最后,在此基础上,探讨马克思异化理论的现实意义,即对人的全面发展的导向作用和对社会主义和谐社会构建的促进作用,从而彰显马克思异化理论的时代意义。 N2 - Alienation as a symbol of state of existence of human being in important philosophical category, which has been philosopher’s attention and point of contention. The alienation theory is one important content of the theory of Marxism, he is absorbed in the basis of previous thoughts, creative puts forward his own alienation theory. This paper mainly through to re-examine Marx's theory of alienation, discusses the theoretical sources and its stages, and analyses the alienation of Marx labor theory, and selected the western Marxist several typical representative character: Herbert Marcuse, Georg Lukács, Henry Lefebvre, Erich Fromm. They thought about alienation to be introduced. This as the theoretical basis, and to analyze modern people in between people and things, the person between nature, people between the dissimilation of the show, and further analyzed the contemporary China in economic, political and cultural fields of some existing alienation, discusses the necessity of existence and historical phenomenon. Finally, based on this, this paper discusses the significance of Marx's theory of alienation, namely the overall development of human oriented functions and for the construction of socialist harmonious society to promote effect and reveal the theory of Marx alienation time significance. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Guangyu T1 - Erich Fromm's Concept of Cultural Transformation – A >Healthy Society< as an Example [浅析弗洛姆的文化转型观——以《健全的社会》为例] JF - Huazhang [华章], No. 17 (2012), p. 7. N2 - 弗洛姆作为西方马克思主义代表人物之一,在《健全的社会》一书中阐述了文化转型的观点。分析他的文化转型观点具有积极的现实意义,既可以使人们重视文化的继承性,也可以促进教育观念的转变,为当前的文化建设和文化创造提供了理论借鉴。 N2 - Fromm as one representative of Western Marxism, in the >healthy society<, a book describes the cultural transformation of view. His analysis of cultural transformation has a positive view of practical significance, not only can make people pay attention cultural inheritance, but also can promote the transformation of educational concepts, creating a theoretical reference for the current culture and culture. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xie, Hui T1 - Fromm’s Human Thought and Its Practical Significance [弗洛姆的人性思想及其现实意义] JF - Oriental Enterprise Culture [东方企业文化], No. 23 (2012), pp. 189-190. N2 - 本文首先阐述了弗洛姆人性思想产生的现实背景及理论渊源,再次概述了弗洛姆人性思想的要点,最后分析了弗洛姆人性思想的现实意义。 N2 - Paper describes the theoretical background and the reality of human origin Fromm ideas generated, again summarized the thoughts of humanity Fromm, Fromm final analysis of the practical significance of human thought. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xiang, Hua T1 - The Frankfurt School's Idea of the >Free and Comprehensive Development of the Human Person< and Its Contemporary Revelations [法兰克福学派>人的自由全面发展<思想及其当代启示], Master thesis, Scientific Socialism and the International Communist Movement, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China 2012. N2 - 人的自由全面发展,既是马克思主义学说的最高理论价值,又是人类社会发展要求解决的终极问题。人类社会的政治、经济和文化发展都取决于人在当时的社会条件下所取得的自身解放程度。从亚里士多德到马克思,从马克思到最年轻的理论学者,人类社会的每一个聪慧的头脑,都怀抱着这样一种伟大的人本主义情怀来对人类自己的生命形式和存在价值这一问题进行着理论和实践的求索。作为西方马克思主义的思想重镇,法兰克福学派构建了一个开阔而恢弘的社会批判理论大厦。霍克海默和阿多诺以批判理论和否定的辩证法为维度,构建了整个法兰克福学派的社会批判理论大框架;马尔库塞和弗洛姆从人类的内心机制出发,深度的剖析了在晚期资本主义社会人所遭致的更加深刻的异化和宰治;哈贝马斯更是高屋建瓴地对整个学派的批判理论进行了反思,进而提出了以交往取代劳动、重建历史唯物主义的思想理论。从文本研究中可以得知,贯穿于这些理论之中的一条红线,正是这一学派学者们对人的自由全面发展的孜孜不倦的追求以及他们自身博大的人本主义情怀。作为一种激进的批判理论本身,法兰克福学派的思想家们一方面希图构建起对现代社会生活的全面批判,另一方面也按照马克思主义辩证法的方法论要求不断反省着自己的批判理论本身。这种对批判理论本身的批判和反思不仅立场鲜明的表明了法兰克福学者们对马克思主义真理性认识的努力捍卫与天才发展,同时这种自我批判与反思使得该学派的理论充满了张力,在某种意义上也赋予了法兰克福学派一个马克思主义标签。中国的社会主义建设和发展已经进入了一个新的历史时期,科学发展观的提出标志着中国的政治方向发生了一些转移,即在强调经济成就的同时更加注意以人为本,各种民生问题的提出,各种保障政策的实行,都是为了真正实现人的自由和权利,为人的全面发展提供更加广阔的空间。在未来的社会发展中,我们所要面临和处理的问题还很多,如何能更好的实现人的自由全面发展,是我们当前进行社会主义建设所要解决的重大问题。认真学习法兰克福学派的关于人的自由全面发展这一思想,对于我们理解马克思主义本真、揭示资本主义的弊端、矫正中国现实社会中的各种失误、指导今后的社会发展等各个方面都具 有重要的理论意义和实践意义。 N2 - Free and overall development of human kind, is both the highest theoretical value of Marxism theory, and the ultimate problem to be solved in the development of human society. The development of politics, economy and culture of human society depends on the liberation degree that humans can achieve under social condition of that time. From Aristotle to Marx, from Marx to youngest theorist, every wise person, carrying this kind of humanistic feelings, tries to do theoretical and practical quest about the question of human’s life forms and existence value. - As a main branch of Western Marxism, Frankfurt School founded an open and broad social criticism theory. Max Horkheimer and Adorno built the broad framework of Frankfurt School's social criticism theory, by using the criticism theory and Negative Dialectics as the dimension. Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm deeply analyzed more profound dissimilation and being ruled people suffered in the late stage of capitalism, starting from inner mechanism of human kind. Jürgen Habermas reviewed the criticism theory of the whole school and then put forward the theory of displacing working by exchange and rebuilding historical materialism. From text studying we could know that the key which runs through these theories is scholars' tireless pursuit towards human beings' free and overall development from this school and their humanistic feelings. As holding the radical criticism theory, thinkers of Frankfurt School want to construct comprehensive criticism towards modern social life on one hand, and on the hand keep self-examining their own criticism theory in accordance with the require of methodology of Marxist dialectic. This kind of criticism and self-examining towards criticism theory not only shows that scholars of Frankfurt School endeavor to defend and ingeniously develop the true knowledge of Marxism, but also makes the theory of this school full of tension and thus labels Frankfurt School >Marxism> in a sense. - Chinese socialist construction and development has come to a new historical period. The proposing of scientific outlook on development signifies that there are some changes in Chinese political direction. The changes, which include paying more attention to >people foremost< while emphasizing economic achievement, proposing of livelihood issues, and implement of security polices, are made to realize people's freedom and rights, and to offer more broad space for people's comprehensive development. In the future social development, many problems will be faced and tackled with. And how to realize people's free and overall development is the problem we have to solve in current socialist construction. In-depth study of the idea about people's free and overall development from Frankfurt School has important theoretical and practical value in understanding reality of Marxism, uncovering drawbacks of capitalism, correcting faults in Chinese society and guiding social development in future. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Yuanyuan T1 - On the Life and Art of Loving Children [论爱的艺术与儿童的生命] JF - Journal of Educational Development (Second Half) [教育导刊(下半月)], No. 11 (2012), p. 1. N2 - 在《爱的艺术》一书中,著名的心理学家和哲学家埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm) 对爱进行了深刻而动人的阐释。他认为,成熟的爱,是在保存人的完整性、人的个性条件下的融合。爱是人的一种主动的能力,一种突破人与人之藩篱的能力,一种使人和他人相联合的能力。爱首先基于平等,它包含着关心、责任、尊重和认识等基本因素。在生命的天平上,人没有轻重贵贱之分,没有长幼尊卑之虑。爱是一种艺术,对儿童的爱,便是对儿童生命的关心、责任、尊重和认识。 N2 - In the >Art of Loving< a book, renowned psychologist and philosopher Erich Fromm (Erich Fromm) love a profound and moving interpretation. He believes that mature love, is the integration of people in the preservation of the integrity of the human personality conditions. Love is an active person's ability, the ability of an ability to break the barriers between people, a people, and others with joint. First, based on the love of equality, it contains care, responsibility, respect and understanding of the basic factors. On the balance of life, people do not severity or distinction, no pecking ease. Love is an art, love for children, and that is the life of the child care, responsibility, respect and understanding. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Xiaohong T1 - Love is to Becoming a Person – Reread Pushkin's >Evgeny Onegin< [爱,就是成为一个人——重读普希金的《叶甫盖尼•奥涅金》] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Humanity Forum [人文论谭], No. 00 (2012), pp. 128-133. N2 - >爱,就是成为一个人。<这是费尔巴哈的一句名言,它立足于人的现实生活,把爱的本质纳入对人的本质的思考,体现了费尔巴哈鲜明的唯物主义哲学世界观。马克思批判的继承了费尔巴哈的关于爱的人本思想,从现实中人与人的关系更具体的论及爱情的本质:>如果我们设定人就是人,而人同世界的关系是一种充满人性的关系为先决条件的话,那么你只能用爱交换爱,用信任交换信任。…同他人以及自然的每一种关系,都必须是你在现实中个人生活的、符合你的意志对象的特定表现。如果你爱上了别人,但没有唤起他人的爱,或者说,如果你的爱作为一种爱情不能使对方产生爱情,如果作为一个只在爱的人——你不能把自己变成一… N2 - >Love, is to become a man.< This is Feuerbach famously, it is based on people's real life, think about the nature of love into human nature, reflecting the sharp materialism of Feuerbach philosophical worldview. Marx's critique of Feuerbach's inherited humanistic thought about love, relationships between people from the reality of addressing more specific nature of love: >If we set the man is man, and man's relationship with the world is a relationship full of humanity as a prerequisite, then you can exchange love with love, with trust in the exchange of trust. ... Every kind of relationship with others and nature, must be your personal life in the real world, in line with your. specific performance will object if you fall in love with someone else, but did not evoke love, or, if you cannot make love as a kind of love each other in love, if only as a man in love - you cannot put themselves into a […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Qiong T1 - A Study on the Theory of Western Marxism Alienation Consumption [西方马克思主义异化消费理论研究], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 2012. N2 - 1929年西方发达资本主义国家爆发的经济危机引发了一个崭新的时代——消费时代,随之而来的一系列问题引起了刚刚兴起的西方马克思主义理论家的关注。三十年代,法兰克福学派理论家的著作中隐约可见相关论述,而西方马克思主义异化消费理论的真正形成在四十年代末,五十年代初。有突出贡献的理论家为法国>日常生活批判理论巨擘<列斐伏尔;致力于将马克思主义与弗洛伊德>精神分析学<相结合的法兰克福学派理论家马尔库塞和弗洛姆。他们认为>消费不再是为了满足人类的基本生存需要,而是人们为补偿自己异化的劳动而致力获得商品的一种欲望满足,并且为统治者所操纵、控制。<他们无疑在资本主义变化发展的新形势下对马克思异化理论的继承与创新做出了巨大贡献,但在克服异化消费的基本路径上全然不同,也不无遗憾地体现出了乌托邦的幻想和理论的悲观主义、主观主义倾向。他们预言:社会主义并非是异化现象的终结。这为迅速发展中的中国敲响了警钟。我们是否要重蹈覆辙,走资本主义发展的老路,陷入异化消费的陷阱?本文予以了否定回答。全文由三部分构成:第一部分主要从词源学角度探源>异化<概念的发展演变过程:从社会契约论中>转让、让渡<之意到黑格尔的精神异化,直至马克思>生产异化<的诞生。第二部分以马克思主义理论为指导,立足西方马克思主义批判传统,探究列斐伏尔、马尔库塞及弗洛姆这三位理论家在同一时代背景下,对异化消费理论基本内容的阐述和对当代发展、影响的异同。在第三部分中对西方马克思主义异化消费的批判传统进行正反两方面的评析,分析当代中国社会主义市场经济中的消费现状,探索构建健康、文明、可持续的消费模式,实现社会主义和谐社会的宏伟目标。 N2 - The economic crisis in1929 which broke out in the western developed capitalist countries triggered off a new era in the world, Consumption Times. Followed by serious of problems, which aroused concern of the nascent theorists of Western Marxism. We can find some relative discussions about consumption in the works of The Frankfurt School theorists in the1930s, while the formal foundation of alienated con-sumption theory of Western Marxism was in the late1940s and early1950. Among the theorists who had made outstanding contributions, there are the French >critical theory of everyday life giant< Henri Lefebvre, the Frankfurt School theorists Herbert Marcuse and E.Fromm, who committed to the combination of Marxism and Freud >Psychoanalysis<. They believe that >the aim of consumption is no longer to meet human's basic survival needs, but to satisfy their desire for goods, was caused by their own alienation of labor, by committing to acquiring goods; and their aim of consumption is also controlled by the rulers.< Undoubtedly, they had made agreat contribution to the inheritance and innovation of the Marxist theory of alienation under the new capitalist situation. However their totally different paths to overcome the alienation of consumption reflected the utopian fantasy, the pessimism and subjective tendencies of theory. At the same time, they predicted: Socialism is not the end of alienation, which gave an alarm to the rapidly developing China. Are we going to repeat the same mistakes, take the old paths of capitalist development, and cave in the trap of alienated consumption? The answer in this paper would be negative. This paper consists of three parts: Part one dealt with the evolution process of >alienation< concept from the point of view of etymological: From >transfer, assignation< in Social Contract to the spirit of Hegel's alienation until the born of Marx's theory of alienated production.– Part two, taking the theory of Marxism as a guide, based on the critical tradition of Western Marxist, explored the similarities and differences in the interpretations of three contemporary theorists Lefebvre, Marcuse and Fromm of the basic content of the alienated consumption theory and its influence on the contemporary development.– The third part assessed both positive and negative aspects of the critical tradition of Western Marxism alienated consumption, analyzed consumption status in the system of contemporary China's socialist market economy and explored to build a healthy, civilized, sustainable consumption patterns, to realize the grand goal of constructing the socialism harmonious society. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - White, K. A1 - Yellin, J. T1 - Shattered States. Disorganized Attachment and Its Repair. London (Karnac) 2012. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Huana T1 - Escapism in Iris Murdoch's Novel >The Sea, The Sea< [默多克小说《大海啊大海》中的逃避主义], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2012. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 默多克是二战后英国杰出的小说家兼哲学家,其小说具有深厚的哲学底蕴和内涵。她通过小说传达自己的哲学和伦理观念,即善和无我。其主要代表作有获1978年布克奖的小说《大海啊大海》、《黑王子》、《断头》等。本文主要通过分析《大海啊大海》里人物的逃避爱、自由与现实的方式以及原因,说明逃避的根源与自然、文化、心理因素之间的关系,阐述存在主义哲学观点对作者的影响以及在作品中的体现,即人的存在、人对自由的选择和逃避本能。作者认为,逃避并不能改变人的困境,只有通过善和无我,人才能够真正看清现实,得到爱,实现自由。全文共分为四章,第一章主要分析小说中的人物逃避爱的方式和表现。本文认为自欺、嫉妒与羡慕、猜疑是人们获得爱的绊脚石。自欺不同于说谎,自欺从本质上是一种意识的统一,是意识对自己的谎言。嫉妒与羡慕不同,虽然二者都会产生恐惧、不安等情绪。羡慕指的是渴望拥有被嫉妒身上特有的品质或者物品,而嫉妒是担心已有之物被人夺走而产生的强烈情感。猜疑使人们之间的隔阂加深。第二章分析小说中主要人物逃避自由的方式和表现,主要为权威主义、破坏倾向和依恋。权威主义有两种实现方式,一是服从权威,二是将自己塑造成权威,而权威主义中最极端的是施虐和受虐。无论是将自己变成权威还是依附权威,都是为了逃避作为独立个体所需要承担的焦虑和绝对自由带来的虚无、无力感。存在主义心理分析学派认为爱生是人的第一潜能,而当环境极度恶劣,人的第一潜能受到严重抑制时,就会表现出破坏性。第三章分析小说中主要人物逃避现实的方式和表现。本文认为自私、错觉以及自我主义是妨碍人认清现实的障碍。自私的人受困于自我的牢笼,无法对自己、他人、外在世界有客观真实的认识,因为自我、私欲会使人的认知发生扭曲,无法对现实有客观、全面的了解。自私和错觉还会导致自我主义或者唯我,唯我论者只关注自己,忽略他人的存在和感受,只关注自己的内心世界,根据自己的意愿构建内在现实。第四章侧重于从自然、文化、心理等方面探讨逃避的根源,以及逃避的作用。逃避是人类的本能,是自然给予所有生物的自我保护机制。然而与其他生物相比,人类因其独特的认知和思考能力,还承担着存在带来的焦虑与恐惧,尤其是在宗教的影响日渐式微的时候,上帝和神的缺失意味着统一的价值观的缺失,现代人更面临着虚无主义的困扰。文化是人类在逃避自然过程中的产物,另一方面也促成并加剧了人类的逃避的本能。作为一种特殊的存在,人有多种需求,而需求受挫也会导致逃避。逃避如同安慰剂,能够给暂时缓解焦虑中,也给夹在本我和超我的双重压力下的自我一个喘息的空间。 N2 - As the most eminent novelist and philosopher after World War Two, Murdoch is known for the profound philosophical probe and connotations in her novel, which exhibits the traces of influence of great minds in literature and philosophy. She uses her novel as a vehicle to elucidate her philosophical ideas and morality, the essence of which is good and >unselfing<. Her most widely read masterpieces are >The Black Prince<, >A Severed Head<, and >The Sea, the Sea>, which won the Booker Prize in 1978. Enlightened by Fromm's Escape from Freedom, this thesis attempts to analyze the mechanisms major characters use to escape from love, freedom and reality and most importantly, to reveal the roots of escapism from the perspectives of nature, culture and psychology. It also unravels the influence of existentialism upon the author and the traces of influence in the novel, which reveal the novelist's concern over the existence of human beings, the choice of freedom and our escapist instinct. It contends that escapism could not help human being out of their predicaments, and that they could only break away the burden of existence and the pain as isolated beings by >unselfing<. Through unselfing, one could see the light of reality, obtain the warmth of love and enjoy free freedom. Altogether, the thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is devoted to revealing the mechanism applied by the major characters to escape from love, namely, bad faith, which is quite different from self-deception, envy and jealousy and distrust. Different from lying, bad faith is the deception of one own consciousness. More often than not, jealousy and envy are mistaken, since both of them can generate feelings such as fear and insecurity. While envy refers to the strong desire to acquire qualities or belongs of the envied, and jealousy suggests the intense emotion of losing what one already has. And distrust could only tear people apart.– Chapter Two reveals escapist tendency of the major characters in their attempt to escape from freedom, such as authoritarianism, destructiveness, attachment. There are two ways to achieve authoritarianism, one is to be submissive to the authority, the other is to turn oneself into an authority to apply structure and dictate people. The extreme case of authoritarianism is masochism and sadism. According to Fromm, a person tends to escape and get rid of the anguish of meaninglessness, powerfulness and the pain of existence either by submitting himself or herself to an authority or simply turn himself and herself into an authority. According to Existentialistic Psychoanalytical Characterology, biophilous is human being's primary instinct, while destructiveness is secondary. A person only resorts to destructiveness when his primary instinct is severely hindered and penned up by the hostile environment.– Chapter Three reveals the mechanism applied by the protagonist to escape from reality, with the attempt to elucidate the root of escapism. Selfish egotism, fantasy, and solipsism are the obstacles on one's pilgrim to reality. Fettered in the cage of self, a person is incapable to recognize his own self, others and the exterior world, since selfishness could distort one's awareness of the reality. More over, the combined effort of egotism and fantasy can also lead to solipsism. A person suffering from solipsism tends to neglect or overlook the needs or even the existence of others, and his or her only concern is himself or herself. Some solipsists even distort the reality according to their will.– In the last chapter, the root of escapism, in terms of nature and culture, and placebo effect are traced. Escapism is innate human nature, a mechanism provided by nature for self-preservation. Compared with other creatures, human being is constantly tortured and inflicted by the ability to think and recognition. With the absence of god, especially the decay and waning of religion, the absence of God or gods means the absence of fixed values, the modern men are faced with the torturing of nihilism. Culture is the product of human beings' encountering with nature, or to be more exact, the product to escape from hostile nature, which on the other hand, fosters and stimulates the instinct of human being to escape. In addition, as the most especial creature, human beings have varied needs with different levels, and frustration in such needs tends to lead to escapism. As an placebo, the act of escape soothe the anxious souls and provide a room for the tormented ego, which is constantly sandwiched between id and superego. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Huan T1 - A Study of the Theme of Solitude in Carson McCullers Novels [卡森•麦卡勒斯小说孤独主题的研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2012. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 二十世纪开始以来,世界范围内发生了巨大的社会及经济变革。激烈的竞争及商业化使人们面临前所未有的压力。人人追求自己更大的利益及更高的社会地位,结果是传统的生活方式和文化价值发生了动摇。人与人之间的信任与真诚遭到破坏的同时,人与人之间的诚挚的交流也变得日益困难,因此人们便转而封闭自己的内心世界。人们不可避免地开始感到精神隔绝及孤独,于是孤独便成了20世纪的一个普遍主题。美国南方在这方面则有着更为深刻的体会,内战后随着社会的进步和物质文明的发展,工业化不可避免地侵入保守的南方,南方人在传统道德和现实精神的夹缝之间挣扎不已,他们比以往任何时候都孤独。作为一位重要的南方作家,卡森•麦卡勒斯自然也不遗余力地挖掘人们内心深处的孤独,并使之在作品中留下印记。她的所有小说几乎都贯穿着这样一个主题:人在社会中永远被禁锢于孤独状态,人不惜一切代价试图冲破这种孤独,但努力最终总是无济于事。随着社会的发展,人们发现上帝不是万能的,于是越来越多的人抛弃上帝,试图找到一条自我救赎的新路。然而,现实往往和人的意愿背道而驰,失去了上帝的人们无所依傍,精神空虚,寻找的路途又困难重重。于是迷惘、困惑、孤寂的情绪困扰着每一个陷入信仰危机的人。麦卡勒斯的小说深刻揭示了20世纪初期美国传统价值观崩溃的人们被信仰危机困在孤独迷惘之中得不到救赎的社会现实。卡森麦卡勒斯本人遭受不幸婚姻及疾病之苦,因此难以摆脱压抑的孤独心理。由于她对生活的特殊理解及感受,她对精神隔绝,孤独及异化这一类主题驾御起来得心应手。她把故事设置在美国南部小镇,解释孤独人物的内心世界及人们无法沟通及理解的现实。她的重要作品包括《心是孤独的猎手》《金色眼睛里的镜象》《伤心咖啡屋之歌》及《婚礼成员》。在她的所有作品中,最能代表她创作特色,也最能打动读者的是《心是孤独的猎手》和《伤心咖啡馆之歌》。孤独是麦卡勒斯作品的一贯主题。生活在特定的历史时期以及独特的人生经历使得麦卡勒斯对人的孤独有着深刻的了解。在她的作品中,所有的一切都要为孤独主题服务。本文主要分析《心是孤独的猎手》和《伤心咖啡馆之歌》这两部小说。以小说文本为基础,从分析创作动机出发,挖掘孤独的根源。导论部分概述了小说创作的背景及作品中孤独主题的由来,对麦卡勒斯作品的研究状况及本文研究的目的和意义。第一章不仅从作者的人生经历和美国社会背景探求作者坚持写孤独主题的原因,并运用弗洛姆的社会心理学来分析孤独的根源。卡森麦卡勒斯创作的一系列小说,其中人物大都被精神隔绝和孤独感所困扰。通过对作者人生经历的剖析,文学传统和社会背景等因素的探求,不难让读者看出原因。第二章具体从麦卡勒斯《心是孤独的猎手》和《伤心咖啡馆之歌》杰出的两部小说分析孤独在文章情节的体现,及在小说要素的体现,并针对小说具体分析孤独之因。第一个原因寻找上帝之爱的失败,其二爱之无能,其三是亲情的疏离。第三章分析作者呈现孤独主题的独特手法。她利用了独特的音乐结构和聚焦手法使作品的孤独主题和精神隔绝表现得更加生动鲜明。结论部分总结全文.揭示小说中人物孤独感和精神隔绝的不可避免性以及对现代社会逃离孤独感的深远意义。对《心是孤独的猎手》和《伤心咖啡馆之歌》这两部小说深入归纳和原因分析不难看出小说中人物无法交流沟通,隔绝和暴力倾向的不可避免性。小说中,每个人都怪异,自私,不成熟,性挫败,都从生活的社会隔离出去,但是作者把重点放在了人物生活的社会上。当人们都以自我为中心,当然无法与人沟通,但是由这种人群组成的不健全的社会让人们更加孤独。因此,只有通过人际交往,尽量协调好人际关系,与他人沟通交流去追求更好的精神世界才能构建和谐共生的社会。综上所述,通过挖掘麦卡勒斯作品中的孤独主题对现实生活的指导意义,以此论证麦卡勒斯是一个独特的现代主义文学代言人。 N2 - Since the beginning of the20th century, great social and economic transformations have taken place in the world. Fierce competition and commercialization brought human much pressure. Human in the pursuit of more interests and higher social status that ultimately shakes the traditional life style and cultural values. The trust and faith is being destroyed and sincere communication is becoming more difficult in modern society. Therefore, people tend to isolate themselves from the outer world which inevitably results in spiritual isolation and solitude. Solitude has become a universal theme for the writers in the 20th century, especially to the writers in the Southern States in the USA. With the rapid development of social progress and material civilization, industrialization inevitably invades the conservative American south area. Southerners feel more solitary in the endless struggle between the cracks of traditional morality and realism. - As an important southern writer Carson McCullers spares no effort to explore the solitude in people's heart and write down the solitude in her works. Almost all of her novels are permeated with such a theme: people in society will always be detained in a solitary state but trying to break through this solitude in vain. With the development of society, people discover that God is not omnipotent, so more and more people abandon God, trying to find a new path of self-salvation. However, the reality is often contrary to people's wishes. The people without the reliance of God feel lost and fall into spiritual isolation. Therefore, confusion and solitary emotion distress each person who has fallen into faith crisis. McCullers novel profoundly reveals the social reality in the beginning of 20th century that people facing with the corruption of traditional American values, trapped in solitary confusion, cannot get self-salvation. Carson McCullers suffers from unhappy marriage and miserable illness. So it's hard for her to get rid of the shadow of depression and solitude. Based on her special understanding and feelings about life, she finds the themes such as spiritual isolation, solitude and alienation are easy to handle. - The background of her novels mostly in the small southern town reveals the innermost world of solitary people and the reality that people have difficulties in communicating and understanding one another. Her masterpieces include >The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter<, >Reflections in a Golden Eye<, >The Ballad of the Sad Café< and >The Member of the Wedding<. Among all her works, The Heart is a Lonely Hunter and The Ballad of the Sad Café are the representatives. Solitude is the perpetual theme of McCullers' novels. Because of the specific historical period in which she was living and her special life experience, McCullers' comprehension and experience in insulation and solitude were deeper than anyone. In her works, everything should abdicate to and work for the theme of solitude. This thesis focuses on her two typical novels The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter and The Ballad of the Sad Café. Based on the text of the novels and starting from the motives of creation, this thesis intends to study the solitude theme of the two novels. Introduction covers the background of the creation of this novel and the research that has already done on her works as well as the purpose and significance of the thesis. - Chapter one focuses on the reasons of the author in persistently presenting the theme from the writer's life experience and American social background to make further analysis in the light of Erich Fromm's social psychological theory. Carson McCullers' series of her novels are fraught with the characters that are spiritually isolated and solitary. Through the trace of her life and close looking at the literary radition and social background and other related factors, we may easily find the reason.– Chapter two makes further analysis of the reflection of solitude theme from the plots and novel elements in her two masterpieces The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter and The Ballad of the Sad Café to probe the causes that account for the inevitability of solitude. The first cause is the failure of finding God's love and the second one is the inability of love and the last reason is the alienation of family affection.– Chapter three intends to analyze the writer's unique approaches to present solitude. She makes use of special musical structure and different focus modes to reveal the theme of solitude and spiritual isolation in a lively way. - Conclusion summarizes the whole thesis and demonstrates the inevitability of the characters' solitude and spiritual isolation and profound significance to face and get rid of solitude in modern society. By the delving into the causes and manifestation of solitude in McCullers' two representative novels The Heart is a Lonely Hunter and The Ballad of the Sad Café, the thesis intends to demonstrate the inevitability of the character's failure of communication, spiritual isolation and the violence prevalent in the modem society. Each person is incomplete, selfish, uncommunicative, immature, sexually frustrated and essentially alienated from their society. However, a concurrent emphasis is placed on the accurate social depiction of these characters. No communication can exist when people are self-centered. But a society composed of such individual parts will drive man further into himself. Therefore, only through interpersonal communi¬cation and coordinate with other people in the pursuit of better spiritual world can create harmonious society. In summary, the solitude theme in McCullers' works has practical guiding significance in the real life. With this to demonstrate that Carson McCullers is a special spokesman in modern literary history. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tian, Yanmei T1 - An Inquiry into Fromm's Human Thought [弗洛姆人学思想探析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2012. N2 - 在提倡>以人为本<的今天,人学理论得到了越来越多人的关注。弗洛姆作为人道主义精神分析学派的创始人,二十世纪最有影响力的学者之一,在国内外享有盛誉。其有关人及人性等人学的思想理论更是因其独特的研究视角和魅力,在人学理论界长盛不衰。本文主要围绕弗洛姆人学思想的来源、弗洛姆人学思想的内容以及弗洛姆思想在理论和现实方面的研究意义三个方面进行论述,力求从总体上将弗洛姆的人学思想呈现出来,以期达到人们对弗洛姆人学理论更全面、更深层次的理解,辩证分析其思想的理论价值和不足之处,进而带给人们更有启示性的思考。第一部分:主要论述了弗洛姆人学思想的理论来源。弗洛姆思想是建立在对马克思和弗洛伊德思想批判和继承的基础之上的。因此,在时代的影响下,弗洛姆一方面吸取了弗洛伊德的思想,另一方面又深受马克思主义思想的吸引。他试图将弗洛伊德的心理分析学说与马克思的社会批判理论进行结合,而弗洛伊德理论与马克思理论在思想基础和研究方法上的共同性使得弗洛姆将二者思想进行综合成为了可能。第二部分:主要论述了弗洛姆人学思想的主要内容。作为一位社会哲学家,人一直是弗洛姆关注和研究的中心问题,也是其人学思想赖以建立的重要前提。弗洛姆以独特的视角对人以及人性进行了深入剖析,并提出了他的多层次的总体人性论思想;西方资本主义社会普遍的精神危机和社会危机暴露了资本主义社会的内部矛盾。弗洛姆以犀利的眼光对资本主义社会进行审视,揭露了资本主义社会痼疾的根源在于异化。为寻求西方社会的出路,弗洛姆提出了全面消除人的异化,实现人的全面发展的人道主义社会的构想;弗洛姆关注人的心灵活动在社会生产和生活中的重要作用,对人的心理活动作了深入探索,将弗洛伊德的个体心理分析理论与马克思的社会批判理论相结合,提出了新的社会心理学的范畴:社会性格、社会无意识、社会自恋等,并将其运用到对资本主义社会现实的分析中,是心理学上的重要创见。第三部分:主要论述了弗洛姆人学思想的意义。弗洛姆注意从生理、心理、历史等多角度对人性进行分析,建立了他的多层次的总体人性论思想。但他未真正从社会生产方式、社会关系的角度对人性进行深入剖析,未能摆脱抽象人性论的束缚;弗洛姆以人性论为基础,揭示了资本主义社会的异化根源,并提出了建立人道主义社会的构想。但由于对阶级性的忽视,对宏观革命的忽视,这种构想只能是一种人道主义的乌托邦;弗洛姆注重心理因素在社会生产中的作用,但由于对马克思主义实践观的缺失,仅从社会心理层面对人性及人的生存方式进行分析,从某种程度来讲是片面的、不科学的。 N2 - In the >people-oriented< today, human theory has got more and more attention. Fromm as the founder of the school of the humanitarian spirit analysis in twentieth Century and one of the most influential scholars, renowned at home and abroad. His theory about human and human nature are longevity in theory circles because of his unique research perspective and charm. This article mainly revolves around the sources of the theory of Fromm's human thought, the academic performance of the theory of Fromm's human thought and the significance in theory and practice of the theory of Fromm's human thought to carry on the elaboration and strive to show the theory of Fromm's human thought overall. It can make people achieve a understanding of more comprehensive and deeper to the theory of Fromm's human thought and so as to bring people more enlightening reflections. - The first part mainly discusses the origin of Fromm's human thought of theory. Fromm's thought is based on the criticizing and inheriting to Marx's and Freud's thought. Therefore, under the influence of the times, on the one hand, Fromm critically inherited Freud's thought, On the other hand, he was deeply attracted by Marx's thought. He tried to combine Freud's psychoanalytic theory with Marx's theory of social criticism, and the common of the ideological basis and the study method of the Freud's theory and Marx's theory led Fromm to integrate the two ideas is possible.– The second part mainly discusses the main content of Fromm's theory. Fromm as a social philosopher, human has not only been the center issue of his focus and study, but also the important premise of his human theory upon which to build. Fromm carried on a thorough analysis on the human and the nature with an unique perspective, and put forward his theory of overall human nature of multiple levels; the universal spiritual crisis and social crisis of the western capitalist society have exposed the internal contradiction of capitalist society. Fromm with a sharp eye surveyed the capitalist social, uncovered the root of the capitalist social ills is alienation. In order to seek the Outlet for Western society, Fromm put forward the humanitarian society conception of total elimination to alienation, and all-round development of human; Fromm pay close attention to people's spiritual activities in social production and life, and made thorough exploration to the important role of people's psychological activity, to make Freud's individual psychological analysis theory and Marx 'social criticism theory combined, and put forward the new social psychological category, social character, social unconsciousness, social narcissism, and it is an important creative psychology to apply it to the analysis to the reality of capitalist society.– The third part mainly discusses the significance of Fromm's human thought. Fromm noted from physiological, psychological, historical and many other aspects to analysis the human nature, and established his overall theory of human nature of multiple levels. But he is not really from the perspective of social mode of production, social relations to take a deep analysis on human nature, and could not get rid of the shackles of human nature of abstract theory; Fromm reveals the origin of alienation in capitalist society based on the theory of human nature, and put forward the conception of building humanitarian society. But due to the neglect to the class and the macroscopically revolution, this kind of conception is only a humanitarian Utopia; Fromm focus on psychological factors' role in social production, but due to the lack of the Marxist doctrine view of practice, and only from social psychological layer to analysis the nature of human and the survival way is one-sided and unscientific from a certain extent. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tian, Xinyuan T1 - Fromm’s Critical Social Theory from Marxist Perspective [马克思主义视域下弗洛姆社会批判理论解读] JF - Economic and Social Development [经济与社会发展], No. 11 (2012), pp. 13-15. N2 - 文章立足于以马克思主义基本观点为指导,全面、客观地对弗洛姆社会批判理论进行评价,力图厘清其社会批判理论的合理性与局限性,以期更深刻地了解资本主义社会,为当前中国的社会主义现代化建设提供一些有益的启示与借鉴。 N2 - Article based on the basic ideas of Marxism as a guide, comprehensively and objectively to evaluate Fromm critical theory of society, trying to clarify the limitations of social rationality and critical theory in order to gain a deeper understanding of capitalism community, provide some useful inspiration and reference to the current socialist modernization of China. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tang, Qi T1 - Erich Fromm [埃里希•弗洛姆] JF - Popular Psychology [大众心理学], No. 5 (2012), pp. 47-48. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900年3月23日-1980年3月18日)是20世纪西方著名的精神分析心理学家和人本主义哲学家,毕生旨在修改弗洛伊德的精神分析学说以切合发生两次世界大战后的西方人的精神处境。埃里希•弗洛姆被尊为 N2 - Erich Fromm (Erich Fromm, 1900 年 3 月 23 日 – 1980 March 18) is the famous 20th century Western psychoanalysis psychologist and philosopher of humanism, life is designed to modify the doctrine of Freudian psychoanalysis to suit Westerners occurred after two world wars, the spirit of the situation. Erich Fromm revered […]. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Talarczyk, M. T1 - Anoreksja psychiczna z perspektywy koncepcji Karla Jaspersa, Ericha Fromma oraz nurtu konstrukcjonizmu społecznego – Hipotezy i refleksje JF - Psychiatria polska, Vol. 46 (No. 3, May-Jun 2012), pp. 429-40. N2 - The point of the article is to analyze and reflect on certain symptoms of anorexia nervosa in light of Karl Jaspers and Erich Fromm's ideas and social constructivism. Contemplating the disorder in view of the philosophical ideas mentioned earlier, the author analyses such aspects of patients as: functioning on the verge of life and death, the paradoxical struggle to escape from freedom in search of independence, as well as various understandings and descriptions of anorexia in consideration of social constructivism. The author shares thoughts and poses hypotheses, trying to view anorexia in light of selected philosophical and psychological ideas, which in their general assumptions were not concerned with defining nor analyzing anorexia nervosa. In view of Karl Jaspers' ideas, the author focuses on the so called >limit-situations<, in the ideas of Erich Fromm she takes notice in >Escape from Freedom< to new relations. Finally in the light of social constructivism the author focuses on the cultural context. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN ED - Szekacs, Judith ED - Keve, Tom T1 - Ferenczi for Our Time. Theory and Practice. London (Karnac) 2012. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - GEN ED - Szekacs, Judith ED - Keve, Tom T1 - Ferenczi and His World. Rekindling the Spirit of the Budapest School. London (Karnac) 2012. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sun, Wenyun T1 - The Aesthetic Look of Death [对死亡的美学注视], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2012. [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - 死亡的美可以分为死亡本身特征的美和面向死亡的生命之美。本文从死亡与美的关系入手,概括中西方从古至今对死亡本质的认识,发现死亡具有超验性,在未体验过死亡之前很难探讨死亡。但正如海德格尔所说,每个活着的人都无法逃避死亡,文章从宗教、哲学、伦理等角度分析他们各自对死亡的阐释。发现宗教,伦理角度将死亡问题转化为死亡的结果,或者死亡的价值问题,从某种意义上回避了对死亡本质的解释。理性主义者在使用线性真理试图解释死亡时却自身陷入了绝对、极限也是封闭的矛盾。美学通过对死亡全过程的注视和模拟,从某种意义上使死亡得到了纾缓,将>不可逆转的时间<转化为>不可改变的时间<,在整个文化系统层面上将死亡转变成生命。因此,美学能够对死亡起到必不可少的作用。前人对死亡美的研究实质上多是研究面向死亡的生命之美,因为关涉死亡的艺术文本中痛苦、激情等主要还是强调人的精神自由,如浪漫主义、荒诞派等。哥特艺术排斥一切人的主观情感,执念于死亡的过程,精神上有封闭性、物化、范式等特征,同时在形式上有一定的美学价值。因此,将后者归为死亡本身的美,而前者作为面向死亡所激发的生命之美。死亡本身的美一章中,围绕>谦卑<、>执念<、>范式<几个美学特征来阐释,并以弗罗姆等人的心理分析为参照,说明这种美因软弱以及追求极致造成,并分析它与自卑、典型等概念的些微联系。在客观承认其局限美的前提下,指出其>物化<自身的危险。面向死亡的生命之美从生存论角度以人的情感线索展开,从最初意识到死亡之>惊<,到>痛苦<,然后对痛苦有些人会>沉论<,另一部分是行动,行动中又分为出声的呐喊、>反抗<,和内在反思的>沉默<。文章将中西方文学史中的不同形象、事件按照此情感类型划分,并且区分每种情感类型的内在心理机制,试图表现各个阶段中人的生命与死亡间的巨大张力。 N2 - Beauty of death can be classified as the beauty of death itself and the beauty of life facing death. This article started from the relationship between Beauty and Death. By summarizing the nature of death from ancient times to the present, the transcendence of death was found, and it was impossible to clarify death while outside it. But as Martin Heidegger said, each of the living could not escape death, this article analyzed death from the perspective of religion, philosophy, ethics. Religion and ethics both turned the question of the nature of death to the goodness or result of death, while philosophy fell into the contradiction pursuiting the truth. Aesthetic, through the gaze and analog of the entire process of becoming dead, in a sense, relieved the sadness of death, transformed >the irreversible time< to >the unchangeable time<, so that death became life in cultural system. Thus, Aesthetics could play important part in death problem. The previous study on the beauty of death was essentially the beauty of life, because the core spirit of the text concerned with death, such as pain, passion mainly emphasized man's freedom, for example, Romanticism and the Absurd. While Gothic Art tended to exclude subjective feelings and focus on the process of death, which had limited esthetics value in the form. Therefore, the latter should be classified as beauty of death itself, and the former beauty of life facing death. The chapter of beauty of death itself would be explained by analyzing these aesthetic features: >humble<, >obsession< and >paradigm<. And references to psychological analysis of Fromm, this chapter would explain the cause of this kind of beauty, which is mentally week and the pursuit of the ultimate, then analyze the relations between them with >Inferiority< and >Model<. Under the premise of acknowledging objectively its formal beauty, this chapter also pointed out the danger of becoming death themselves. The chapter of beauty of life facing death unfolded as a string of feelings from the existentialism perspective. In the beginning, man realized the existing of his very own death, he felt >shock<. >Shock< quickly became >pain< or angst. In pain, some chose to go down and do nothing, some stood up against the painful state. In this part, it could be classified as the >Resist and Silence<. Different characters and stories were divided into different kinds of feelings, and the inner psychological mechanisms of these different kinds were also explained. So the severe tension of life and death might appear. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Song, Yulu T1 - Mental Illness and Their Modern Way [现代人的精神病症及其出路], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2012. N2 - 现代人的精神病症不只具有病理学的意义,更是现代人普遍存在的一种心理状态,人是生活在社会中的人,人的心理状态也不得不受到整体环境的影响,现代人的精神病症也来自于社会的病态。发达的现代社会并没有让生活在其中的人获得自由,现代人物质繁荣、精神贫乏,人也没有创造力和自主行动力,就如同患了精神分裂症。对于中国社会来说,现代化是不可避免的趋势,如果偏离了正确的方向,即使摆物质贫困也难逃精神贫困的噩运。因此我们要时刻反思自己的处境,在发展经济的同时也要避免单向度的发展,只有实现人的全面发展才能走向社会健全之路。本文先从法兰克福学派几个代表人物的观点入手,对人精神病症的研究也逐渐从生理学角度转向社会文化方面,从个体性研究走向社会群体的普遍性研究,把精神分析放入正常人之中。在此基础上挖掘了现代人精神病症的根源,主要表现为现代社会及人的异化;然后又分析了当代中国人的精神危机;最后论证了通过精神健康之路以及对于中国现代化建设的启示。第一章引言主要介绍了国内外的研究现状和几个代表人物的观点进行了梳理,首先对精神分析学的发展做了梳理,从弗洛伊德创立的精神分析学以来,就出现了大批对他理论批判继承者,比如阿德勒、荣格、马尔库塞、弗洛姆,越来越注重从社会文化方面对现代人作出精神分析。然后引出研究这一问题的理论和现实意义,不仅为人学发展提供了新思路,还对我国文化建设具有重大的借鉴意义。第二章深入探究现代人精神病症的根源,这个精神病症是具有普遍性的,存在于正常人群之中的,也是社会本身的病态。而现代人产生精神病症的根源首先在于人性本身,人类存在之时便得面对生存的二岐性矛盾,人对世界的改造也促使人心理的变化;深刻的社会历史根源也都会使现代人产生迷惘,人所遇到的障碍也超越了他所创造的文明;还有社会性格和无意识都会对个体心理产生潜移默化的影响,这些都会导致人出现精神问题。第三章分析了现代人精神病症的集中体现——那就是异化,这里的异化更侧重于从主观体验方面来说,它是指社会和生活在其中的人的病态,看似正常的现代人早已被全面异化。尤其是在资本主义社会中表现的更为突出,人与自身、与同胞和消费之间的关系都被异化了。第四章引出现代人的精神病症也存在于我国社会之中,现代人的两难困境让自己发展的同时也造成了人的精神困境,当代中国人的精神生活有着自己的特点,面对强大的外部力量,中国人内心也会产生极大波动,这些都会影响现代人的精神状况。第五章自然提出了解决现代人精神病症的方案,首先精神健全主要是人的健全,社会也要适应人的发展,让异化的人得以健全,人也具备自主能力和全面发展的条件。具体实施方案就是要进行心灵救赎和体制改革,只有爱才能克服人与人之间的障碍,摆内心的孤独:同时也应该进行经济、政治、文化三方面的转型,只有让各方面协调发展才能产生一个精神健全的社会。最后一章就现代人精神病症研究的理论根源和当代价值进行了总结,本文基于弗洛姆精神分析的理论对现代人的精神状况进行剖析,试图使人类建立一条自我拯救精神家园之路。对于中国社会来说,对这一问题的研究具有重大现实意义,对我国市场经济、文化建设与和谐社会的发展也有着启示作用,市场只是一种手段,其目的都在于促进人自身的发展,只有解决了社会的精神病症人才能得以健全,对我国和谐社会的建立也有着借鉴意义。结论部分对全文进行了简要总结,最后得出现代人要走向精神健全之路不只依靠个体的努力,最终还得依靠全社会的共同努力。 N2 - Modern mental health, not only has the significance of the pathology, more modern common a state of mind, people living in society, the person's mental state had to be the overall environmental impact of modern psychiatric disease from the sick of the society . Developed modern society does not let the people who live in them free, modern material prosperity and spiritual poverty, nor the creativity and the power of independent action, just as suffering from schizophrenia. Modernization of Chinese society, is an inevitable trend, if you deviate from the right direction, even put material poverty could not escape the fate of the spiritual poverty. Therefore, we should always reflect on their own situation, in the course of economic development but also to avoid the development of one-dimensional, only the comprehensive development of people towards the society and improve the road. This paper begins with the view of a few representative figures of the Frankfurt School to start the study of human mental illness gradually shift from the physiological point of social and cultural aspects, from the individual studies to the universality of the social groups, psychoanalysis into the normal. Mining roots of the modern mental health, on this basis, mainly for the alienation of modem society and people; and then analyzes the spiritual crisis of contemporary Chinese people; finally argues that the road through the mental health and inspiration for China's modernization drive. - Chapter 1, Introduction introduces the domestic and international status and the view of several representatives of the comb, the first comb the development of psychoanalysis, from Freud founded psychoanalysis since a large number of criticism of his theory of inheritance, such as Adler, Jung, Marcuse, Fromm, more and more attention from the social and cultural aspects of modern psychoanalysis. Then leads to the theoretical and practical significance to study the issue, not only man learn to develop new ideas, and also has a major reference for the construction of China's cultural significance.– The second probe into the root causes of modern mental health, mental illness is universal, among the normal population, but also society itself morbid. The root of modern mental illness first is that human nature itself, human existence will have to face the manifold contradictions of survival, the transformation of the world also contributed to people's psychological changes; profound social and historical roots are also enabled people to produce confusion, the obstacles encountered by people beyond the civilization he has created; social personality and unconscious will have a subtle influence of individual psychology, and these can lead to psychiatric problems.– The third chapter analyzes the concentrated expression of the modern mental health-that is, alienation, alienation here is more focused on from the subjective experience is concerned, it refers to the social and live in one of the morbid, seemingly normal modern man has long been comprehensive alienation. Especially in a capitalist society, the more prominent, and the people itself, and the relationship between compatriots and consumer are alienated.– Chapter IV leads to the modern psychiatric conditions also exist in our society, the modem dilemma of their own development but also cause a person's spiritual predicament of contemporary Chinese people's spiritual life has its own characteristics, the face of strong external forces, the heart of the Chinese people also have great fluctuations, these will affect the mental condition of modern man. Chapter natural solutions to modern mental health programs, first of all is of sound mind is the sound, the community will also have to adapt to human development, and alienation to be sound, and people with autonomy and full development conditions. The specific implementation of the program is to spiritual salvation and institutional reforms, only love can overcome the barriers between people, put the lonely heart; should also be economic, political, cultural transformation, and only allow coordinated development in order to produce a mentally healthy society.– The final chapter summarizes the theoretical roots and contemporary values of the modern study of mental illness, based on Fromm psychoanalytic theory to analyze the mental state of the modern man, trying to make human beings to establish a self-rescue the spiritual home of the road. Of great practical significance for the Chinese community, the study of this issue, the development of China's market economy, the cultural construction of a harmonious society also has a revelation, the market is only a means, its purpose is to promote human development. Only by addressing the social psychiatric conditions can be perfect, has a reference to the establishment of a harmonious society in China. - The conclusion part of the full text of a brief summary of the conclusion that modern people to move towards the road of sound mind not only rely on individual efforts, and ultimately had to rely on the concerted efforts of the whole society. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Schore, A. N. T1 - The Science of the Art of Psychotherapy. New York (Norton) 2012. Y1 - 2012 N1 - Ex libris Marco Bacciagaluppi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlosser, Adriano A1 - Dalfovo, Daniel David A1 - Delvan, Josiane da Silva T1 - Um estudo sobre o amor: Diálogos entre Sigmund Freud e Erich Fromm JF - Psicologia Argumento, Vol. 30 (No. 70, 2012), pp. 567-573. Y1 - 2012 ER -