TY - GEN A1 - Luo, Suying T1 - Meditation and Differentiation on Fromm’s Alienation Theory [弗洛姆异化理论的思与辩], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2006. N2 - The word >alienation<, which has origin in Latin, has the same connotation with demisability, transference, estrangement, separation, mental disorder, etc. Afterwards, different philosophers have defined the alienation in diversified ways. Hobbs applied the word alienation in the discussion of rights transference; Hegel believes that alienation is the externalization of absolute mind; Marx’s theory of alienation is mainly about alienation in laboring process. Lukacs considers alienation as materialization; and Fromm proposes that modern society is mainly an alienated society. Fromm insists that Freud puts too much emphasis on human beings’ physical instincts in disregard of his sociality.– However Marx highlights human beings’ sociality but neglects human being’s inner world. On the basis of a critical inheritance of Freud’s theory and Marxism, the great philosopher has formed the philosophy of his own. With the constant humanity as his theoretical basis, Fromm has developed his theory system. In it, humanity is regarded as the instincts of human beings, the common wealth shared and good qualities embodied by each single human being. While humanity refers to human beings’ biological needs, it more importantly signifies their spiritual needs. Fromm’s theory on humanity is abstract in terms of its historicity and mentalism aspects.– Fromm declares that the developed industrial society is full of different kinds of alienation in humanity. It permeates in arenas of politics, economy, social relationships, production process as well as consumption process. It’s concluded that Fromm’s alienation theory is fundamentally differently from Marx’s labor alienation theory in terms of the concept itself, the origin on alienation and the elimination of alienation. Deeply rooted in his humanity theory and alienation theory, Fromm advocates the appropriate way for the full development of our society. Reforms must be carried out in economy, politics, culture, mentality and value-orientation in the process of creating a sound society. N2 - 异化一词出自拉丁文alienation,有让渡、转让、疏远、差异、分离、精神错乱等义。以后不同的哲学家赋予异化不同的涵义,霍布斯在权利转让的意义上使用异化;黑格尔认为异化既是绝对精神的外化;马克思的异化论主要是劳动异化;卢卡奇认为异化既物化;弗洛姆认为现代社会是总体异化的社会。弗洛姆认为弗洛伊德太注重人的生理本能而忽略了人的社会性,马克思关注人的社会性却不注重人的内心世界,弗洛姆试图在批判和继承弗洛伊德思想和马克思主义的基础上,形成自己的哲学观点。弗洛姆以固定不变的人性论为前提,展开了他的整个理论。弗洛姆认为,人性就是人类的本性,是全人类共有的东西,其中每个人都体现了全部的人性。人性既包括人的生理需要,更重要的是人的精神需要。弗洛姆的人性论是一种抽象的人性论,具有唯心性和非历史性。弗洛姆认为当代发达工业社会是一个充满人性异化的社会。这种异化无处不在,经济领域、政治领域、社会关系领域、消费过程和生产过程都呈异化状态。弗洛姆的异化论和马克思的劳动异化论在异化的概念,异化的根源,异化的消除方面存在着本质的区别。弗洛姆在他的人性论和异化论的基础上,提出了他的社会健全之路。弗洛姆认为必须在经济、政治、文化、心理、价值等方面实行改革,建立健全的社会。弗洛姆的异化论对我们有深刻的现实意义。 Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ren, Yanhong1 T1 - Quest for Love. A Study on Fromm's Philosophical Thought of Love [爱的求索 - 弗洛姆爱的哲学思想研究], Master thesis, Foreign Philosophy, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, China 2006. N2 - Love is a task which is antiquated but always with new connotation. In this diseased modern time, people thirst for love and confidant, they complain that it’s so hard to get true love or a bosom friend. Erich Fromm (1900-1980), a Jewish scholar of German-American point out that the biggest mistake, which people made in their way of pursue love is like this: people regard love as an exterior object and the gain of love is mostly equated with the possession of things. Actually, love is an active and developed ability of human beings, it is an ability which accelerates and makes people’s essence more abundant. Sometimes, the use of this kind of ability is just like art. The theory of Fromm is an applied subject of >art of living<, he tried to make it in practice and found a right society. It requests people advance their quality by heart. >Brotherliness<, >motherhood<, >sex<, >self-love<, love of belief, and so on, all of them are the way to the integrity of personality and the rescue of soul. If people do not develop their whole personality and inspire their creative, all kinds of love would be lost; if people lose the ability of love others and cannot civilly >bravely<, >sincerely< orderly love others, they would never feel satisfy in their life. In Fromm’s opinion, the true love is to impart but not to gain. He regards love as people’s answer to their own subsistence. Love is a huge power from the cooperation and unification of people. So, love is not a kind of power that dropped on people and is also not a kind of burden force on people. Love is a kind of power which own by people, people contact themselves with the world. N2 - 爱是一个古老而常新的研究课题,在这个灾难深重的现代社会,很多人渴望爱、渴望知音、抱怨真爱难求、知音难遇。美籍德裔犹太学者埃利希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm 1900-1980),指出人们追求爱的一个最大的误区,在于把爱看作一个外在的对象,把爱的获得雷同于物的拥有。事实上爱是一种人的主动能力,爱是进化了人的一种能力,是一种使人的本质丰富并且上升的能力,在某种情况下这种能力与艺术的能力类似。弗洛姆的理论是一种关于>生活艺术<的应用科学,并且力图把它付诸实践,建立理想中的>健全的社会<,需要不断从自己的心灵上提升境界。无论是兄弟之爱、母爱、性爱、自爱、以及信仰之爱,都是通向人格完整、灵魂救赎的人生实践。如果不努力发展自己的全部人格并以此达到一种倾向性,那么每种爱的试图都会失败;如果没有爱他人的能力,不能真正谦恭地、勇敢地、真诚地和有纪律地爱他人,那么人们在自己的爱情生活中也永远得不到满足。弗洛姆认为爱的顶点是给予而不是索取,他把爱看作是人类对自己生存问题的回答,是人与人之间合作统一的巨大力量。因此,爱既不是一种飘落在人身上的力量,也不是一种强加在人身上的责任;它是人自己的力量,凭借这种力量,人使自己和世界联系在一起,并使世界真正成为他的世界。所以,一无所知的人什么都不爱,一无所能的人什么都不懂,什么都不懂的人毫无价值。但是懂得很多的人却能爱、有见识、有眼光……对一件事了解得越深,爱的程度也越深。如果有人认为,所有的水果都同草莓一起成熟,那他对葡萄就一无所知。弗洛姆认为,现代资本主义社会的生产过程、消费过程、政治生活和社会关系各个方面存 Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Han, Yanqiu T1 - Being Questioned – On the Southern School of Zen Thinking and the Early Development of Its Modern Psychological Sense, Master thesis [论南宗禅思想的初期发展及其现代心理学意义], Special History, Northwestern University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2006. N2 - The southern Zen which originated with Interpretation on had distributed in the middle of AD eight century. Among these factions there are two important. Factions that influenced people deeply the Hongzhou of Nan Yue Huai Rang - Ma Zu Dao Yi, and the Shitou of Qing Yuan Xing Si - Shi Tou Xi Qian. They respectively represented two different thought in development of the southern Zen. I try to study these two kinds of thought with comparative method in the first part of this paper.– The former emphasized the solution to the conflict between human and the real society, but the latter paid more attention to the relation between human and the world. During their development, they had absorbed something useful from each other, and made great progress. Just because of these, they laid the foundation of the distribution of the Zen afterward. Furthermore, I attempt to discuss the development of the unique style of the Zen's language. In the second part of this paper, to study the modern meaning of the Zen, I compared the theory of new depth psychology which has deeply effect on the history of western psychology with the Zen. With the method of depth psychology, I carefully thought about the revelation of the Zen.– The second part consists of three sections: the feasibility demonstration for the comparative study of the new depth psychology and the Zen, the theoretical basis of the comparative study for the two thought; the influence on the main representative of the new depth psychology from the thought of the Zen; the ethical direction of the two thought. It aims to display all the possible positive meanings for the modern west and the whole society from the Chinese ancient Zen. N2 - 由慧能所开创的南禅宗,在公元八世纪中叶开始出现分流。其中在当时和后世都产生了较大影响的南岳怀让——马祖道一的洪州一系,和青原行思——石头希迁的石头一系。他们分别代表了南宗禅思想发展的两种不同思路。本文第一部分正是选取这两家的思想尝试进行比较研究。本文认为,洪州一系重在解决人与现实社会生活的关系问题,石头一系则更关注人与世界的关系。他们在发展过程中思想各有侧重,又彼此吸收和互相促进,奠定了后世禅宗>五家七宗<分流的基础,对后世禅宗的进一步发展有着深远影响。在这一部分,对禅宗语言问题还有所涉及,对禅宗独特语言风格的形成进行了一些尝试性的论述。论文的第二部分主要研究禅宗思想的现代意义,选取在西方心理学史上产生过重要影响的新精神分析学派思想与禅宗思想进行比较,论述新精神分析视野观照下禅宗思想给人类带来的启示。主要包括三个方面的内容:新精神分析与禅宗思想比较研究可能性论证,二者比较研究的理论基石;禅宗思想对新精神分析学派代表人物的思想影响;新精神分析学与禅宗思想的伦理导向性。这一部分意图说明中国古代的禅宗思想对现代西方乃至整个现代人类社会所可能有的积极意义,以此表显中国古代思想史研究的现代性和世界性意义 Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Han, Song T1 - An Answer to The Problem of Human Existence – Interpretation of Fromm's >The Art of Loving< [人类生存问题的一种回答——解读弗洛姆的《爱的艺术》] JF - Study & Exploration [ 学习与探索], No. 3 (2006), pp. 16-18. N2 - 《爱的艺术》是以精神分析方法研究阐述爱的艺术的理论专著。弗洛姆从历史与现实的角度揭示了人与自然、人与他人、人与自我分离的事实,否定了人类采取的两种典型的克服分离的方式,提出了爱是克服分离达成真正和谐的唯一方式的观点《。爱的艺术》提醒处在转型时期的中国人应更加关注人的生存,全面理解现代化,全球化、并为中国人学研究提供了学理资源。 N2 - >The Art of Loving< is a psychoanalytic method study describes the theory of the art of love monograph. Fromm revealed from the point of view of history and reality of man and nature, with others, the man and the fact that self-separation, negative way to overcome the separation of two typical human love to overcome the separation to achieve true harmony the only way to view. The >Art of loving< to remind the Chinese people in the transition period should be more concerned about the survival of the people, a comprehensive understanding of modernization, globalization, and resources to provide a theoretical study of the Chinese people. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Huang, Zhiping T1 - Erich Fromm's Philosophy Thought of Love and Its Educational Illumination [弗洛姆爱的哲学思想及其教育启示] Master thesis, Principles of Pedagogy, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2006, 78 pp. N2 - Love is an eternal theme of human social development. There has been many researches of love which set out to study a love from the view of the emotion mostly, but Erich Fromm, Germany descendant and American nationality, is a philosopher, sociologist and psychologist. His research in loving is from the view of human existence and more meaningful than the other research. And compared with vulgar loving idea now, it has stronger age’s meaning. This thesis aims at discussing the love in education by researching Erich Fromm’s philosophy thought of love. To current practice of the education of love, it has more theoretical value and realistic meaning. It will open widely the visual field that we love. Concerning the mankind's love and the harmonious development of individual are the inside requires that constructing a harmonious society needs.– Erich Fromm’s important philosophy thought of love: >Love is answer to the problem of human existence<. Love is not the problem of how to induct person to love, but is the problem of talent; Love not only is the dedication of love, but is >give<. >Give< signifies that >acquire<; the love is a kind of attitude, and self-respect is the most basic. But Self-respect is not equal to selfish, as selfish is the performance of unsuitable self-respect; the love is a kind of practice which need to surmount self-love and realizes the faith of love.– From this illumination for education: 1. Our education should concern the love of mankind. Because love is the origin of the education; love is the real existence of Education, lies in love. Education is the cause of love. Secondly, love is the true existence of life; from conservation of life to passing away of life, love is needed all the time. Love is so important and linking so closely with our life. So the education of love should run through in the person's. [Author’s translation] N2 - 爱是人类发展的永恒主题。已有研究多是从情感的视角研究爱。但是美国哲学家、社会学家、心理学家埃里希•弗洛姆则从人类存在的视角研究爱,较之同类研究,意义深刻。相对于时下流俗的爱的观念,更具有时代意义。本文旨在通过研究弗洛姆爱的哲学思想,探讨教育中的爱。这对当前实践爱的教育具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。这将有助于我们拓宽爱的视野,同时关注人类之爱,关注个体自身的和谐发展,必然是建设和谐社会的内在要求。弗洛姆爱的哲学思想,主要有:爱是对人类存在问题的回答,爱不是如何惹人爱,而是一种才能。爱是>给予<而不是>接受<,也即爱不是单向付出,而是>给予<中的>获得<。爱是一种态度。但自爱是最基本的。自爱不等于自私。而自私却是不会自爱的表现。爱是一种实践。爱的实践需要克服自恋、实现信仰、对爱持有积极的态度。上述观点对教育的启示是:一、教育应关注人类之爱。这是因为爱是教育存在的本源;爱是生命的真实存在。从生命的孕育到生命的逝去,有哪一阶段不需要爱呢?爱是如此重要,又如此地与我们的生活紧密相连。因此爱的教育应贯穿于人生的整个过程;爱的教育应蕴涵于全部教育始终;爱的教育应是全人类的教育。二、教育爱是教育者应有的教育能力。教育爱是一种教育能力,它包含着突破教育者与受教育者分离的那些屏障的能力,一种把教育者与受教育者联合起来的能力。已有的>蜡烛精神<过多地强调教师的奉献,而对教师自身价值的实现重视不够。笔者认为,教师的>给予<意味着>获得<。教师在爱学生的同时自身爱的能力得到了发展。也即弗洛姆所言,教师的>给予<是潜力的最高表现。因为只有当教师享受教育生活的时候,才能为学生提供愉快的精神 Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Huijuan A1 - Wang, Xiaomin T1 - Comment on Fromm’s Humanity Thinking [ 对弗洛姆人性思想的评述] JF - Theory Horizon [理论界], No. 2 (2006), pp. 64-65. N2 - 本文是对弗洛姆人性思想的探讨及评价。依据马克思主义的人性论观点分析弗洛姆的人性思想,我们可以看到,他的人性思想既有积极的进步意义,又有明显的局限性。 N2 - This article is the Fromm humanity thought to explore and evaluate. Fromm humanity thinking based on the Marxist theory of human nature perspective, we can see that both his humanity thinking positive sense of progress, there are obvious limitations. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pan, Jiayun T1 - Tender Cruelty: A Humanistic Psychoanalysis of Clegg in >The Collector< [温柔的暴虐——对《收藏家》中克莱格的人本主义心理分析] [Application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Ningbo University (Liberal Arts Edition) [宁波大学学报(人文科学版)], No. 3 (2006), pp. 15-21. N2 - A humanistic psychoanalysis of Erich Fromm will be undertaken to reveal that the character of Clegg, the seemingly devoted and gentle captor in John Fowles’ >The Collector< (1963), typifies hoarding sadistic necrophilous orientation. He symbolizes the evil of male dominance, that of human free will as well as a dialectical evil. N2 - 文章运用弗洛姆的人本主义心理分析方法揭示出福尔斯的处女作《收藏家》(1963)中貌似专情温柔的男主人公克莱格的性格结构是以破坏性为核心的囤积性格、受虐—虐待症、恋死性格的混合形态。他象征着男权社会的恶、自由意志的恶及辨证的恶。 Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cong, Juan T1 - Walking out of the Opposite of Love and Civilization——Fromm's Criticism of Freud's Concept of Love and Its Enlightenment [走出情爱与文明的二律背反—弗罗姆对弗洛伊德爱情观的批判及对我们的启示] JF - Theory Horizon [理论界], No. 9 (2006), pp. 120-121. N2 - 弗洛伊德与弗洛姆对情爱与文明的关系问题做出了针锋相对的解读。弗洛伊德从自然与文明的对立性出发主张全盘消除文明对欲望和“天性”的压抑,弗洛姆则从自然与人类境况的对立统一出发,认为性本能使人对爱情的渴望及与人结合的表现。二者都有自足性的理由也都存在着某些不可克服的内在矛盾。人类作为自然与文明的双重存在,必须走出情爱(欲望)与文明(道德)的二律背反。 N2 - [Freud and Fromm made a tit-for-tat interpretation of the relationship between love and civilization. From the opposition of nature and civilization, Freud advocated the total elimination of civilization's suppression of desire and >naturalness<. Fromm began from the unity of nature and human condition, and believed that sex can make people's desire for love and the performance of human combination. There are also some insurmountable internal contradictions on the reasons for both self-sufficiency. As a dual existence of nature and civilization, human beings must walk away from the opposite of love (desire) and civilization (morality).] [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ding, Shounian A1 - Cheng, Guorong T1 - Losing of Freedom in Western Society – Comment on Erich·Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [自由在西方社会的沦丧——兼评埃里希·弗洛姆《对自由的恐惧》] JF - Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering (Social Sciences) [沈阳工程学院学报(社会科学版)], No. 3 (2006), pp. 286-288. N2 - The article uses Marxist theory to analyze the history of Western freedom in >Escape from Freedom< by American philosopher Erich Fromm, in order to explore how to realize the real freedom of modern man and understand the reasons for the degeneration of freedom in Western society. [Automatic translation] N2 - 文章运用马克思主义理论评析美国哲学家埃里希.弗洛姆《对自由的恐惧》的西方自由史,从而探索如何实现现代人的真正自由,理解西方社会自由沦丧的原因。 Y1 - 2006 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hu, Yajun T1 - Freedom's Double Shackles – Interpretation of >Escape from Freedom< [自由的双重枷锁——对弗洛姆《逃避自由》的解读] JF - World Culture [世界文化], No. 3 (2006), pp. 23-25. N2 - 埃里希·弗洛姆(1900-1980),出生于德国法兰克福一个犹太人家庭。1934年,他为逃离纳粹迫害而离开德国,移居美国。他一生著述很多,其代表作品有《逃避自由》、《爱的艺术》、《自为的人》、《超越幻想的锁链》、《健全的社会》、《人类的破坏性剖析》等。很多学者将弗洛姆归入法兰克福学派,也有人把他看作是一位杰出的精神分析学家,新弗洛伊德精神分析学派的一员干将。得出这一结论的依据主要在于他的代表作《逃避自由》,弗洛姆精彩地分析了现实的资本主义社会中人对自由产生恐惧的心理机制。于是又有人据此认为他是一位社会学家,因为弗洛姆通过对人的心理机制的分析,目的就在于寻求一个适合人生存的社会制度,这显然是一名 N2 - Erich Fromm (1900-1980), born in Frankfurt, Germany, to a Jewish family, left Germany in 1934 to esca¬pe Nazi persecution and emigrated to the United States. In 1934, he left Germany to escape Nazi persecution and moved to the United States. He wrote many books in his life, including >Escape from Freedom<, >The Art of Loving<, >Man for Himself<, >Beyond the Chains of Illusion<, >The Sane Society< and >The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness<. Many scholars put Fromm in the Frankfurt School, while others regard him as an outstanding psychoanalyst and a cadre of the Neo-Freudian School of psychoanalysis. This conclusion is mainly based on his representative work >Escape from Freedom<, in which Fromm brilliantly analyzes the psychological mechanism of people's fear of freedom in a realistic capitalist society. It was then argued that he was a sociologist, since Fromm's analysis of the psychological mechanisms of the human mind, which was aimed at finding a social system suitable for human existence, was clearly the work of a sociologist. [Automatic translation] Y1 - 2006 ER -