TY - JOUR A1 - Chung, Moon-Gil T1 - Intellectual Movement in Germany during the First Half of 19th Century: Especially on the Theoretical Radicalism of the Young Hegelians JF - Journal of Korean Politics, Seoul Vol. 7 (1997), pp. 139.169. (Korean with an English Summary) Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funk, Rainer T1 - Psychoanalyse der Gesellschaft. Der Ansatz Erich Fromms und seine Bedeutung für die Gegenwart (Korean) JF - R. Funk, H. Johach, and G. Meyer (Eds.), Erich Fromm heute. Zur aktualität seines Denkens (Korean), Seoul Younglim Cardinal, Inc., 2003, pp. 29-62. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietrich, Jan T1 - Religion und Gesellschafts-Charakter (Korean) JF - R. Funk, H. Johach, and G. Meyer (Eds.), Erich Fromm heute. Zur Aktualität seines Denkens (Korean), Seoul Younglim Cardinal, Inc., 2003, pp. 260-281. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fromm, Erich T1 - Robert Briffaults Werk über das Mutterrecht, Korean) JF - E. Fromm, (Liebe, Sexualität, Matriarchat, Korean), Seoul (BooBooks Publishing) 2009, pp. 117-125. Y1 - 1933 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chung, Moon-Gil T1 - The Problem of Text Editing in the Studies of The German Ideologie JF - Literature and Society, Seoul No. 33 (IX/1,. Spring 1996), pp. 402-447. (Korean with an English Summary) Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frederking, Volker T1 - Vom Haben zum Sein. Fromms Gesellschaftskritik und die Mystik Meister Eckharts (Korean) JF - R. Funk, H. Johach, and G. Meyer (Eds.), Erich Fromm heute. Zur aktualität seines Denkens (Korean), Seoul Younglim Cardinal, Inc., 2003, pp. 217-237. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chung, Moon-Gil T1 - Was Die Deutsche Ideologie Written as an Article of a Quarterly Magazine? JF - Literature and Society, Seoul No. 22 (VI/2,. Summer 1993), pp. 624-678. (Korean with an English Summary) Y1 - 1993 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pongratz, Ludwig A. T1 - Ökonomisierung der Bildung – Eine Packungsbeilage zu Risiken und Nebenwirkungen (Korean) JF - R. Funk, H. Johach, and G. Meyer (Eds.), Erich Fromm heute. Zur aktualität seines Denkens (Korean), Seoul Younglim Cardinal, Inc., 2003, pp. 169-191. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalcher, Juergen T1 - Über die Vermessenheit des Messens Sozialer Arbeit (Korean) JF - R. Funk, H. Johach, and G. Meyer (Eds.), Erich Fromm heute. Zur aktualität seines Denkens (Korean), Seoul Younglim Cardinal, Inc., 2003, pp. 192-214. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lee, Kyeong-Hwa T1 - 『주홍글씨』와 『와인즈버그, 오하이오』에 등장하는 패배자들에 관한 연구 [A Study of the Losers Who Appear in >The Scarlet Letter< and >Winesburg, Ohio<] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - 영어영문학연구 [The Jungang Journal of English Language and Literature], Vol. 53, No. 2 (2011), pp. 217 231. N2 - Back in the early twentieth century, Erich Fromm, a famous psychologist, claimed that human relations in modern society are based on trading economy, because modern people do not have faith in the moral principles by which life ought to be guided. However, according to Fromm, such business relations are not in harmony with human nature. As Fromm pointed out, today’s human relations are problematic, considering that they are based on trading economy rather than moral values. This thesis aims to study the problems of human relations in modern society, with its focus on the win-or-lose culture. And >The Scarlet Letter< and >Winesburg, Ohio< are examined to this end. Both of the novels were written during the transient period when America changed from a traditional society to a modern society. For this reason, these novels disclose the bad effects of modernization, especially the bad effects on human relations. Hester Prynne, the heroine of >The Scarlet Letter<, is a loser in the sense that she was outcast and despised by the surrounding people during her lifetime. The inhumane behaviors of the Puritans toward Hester are related to the individualistic anxiety caused by Calvinism. Similarly, modern people are suffering from individualistic anxiety, even though it is not in terms of religion. And the individualistic anxiety represses human nature that loves righteousness and morality. The immoral and inhumane behaviors done in the name of loser today can be understood in this context. >Winesburg, Ohio< criticizes that industrialization undermined the foundation of human relations. In the short story >Godliness<, Jesse Bentley is obsessed with the desire for success, which causes conflicts and alienation in his relationship with his daughter. Meanwhile, >Paper Pills< suggests that the experience of losing can be valuable, because it teaches us how to understand people with compassion. In conclusion, it seems that what improves the world eventually is love, not competition. Y1 - 2011 ER -