TY - GEN A1 - Zuo, Heting T1 - Difficulties and Persistence of Teachers’ Career in Remote Mountainous Areas – A Narrative Study of Teachers at F Middle School, Master thesis, Secondary Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2022. N2 - With the continuous improvement of the state’s attention to teachers in remote mountain areas, the consolidation of poverty alleviation and the promotion of rural revitalization, the quality of life of teachers still needs attention and improvement. Teachers’ career development is related to teachers’ quality, which directly affects the improvement of education quality in remote mountainous areas. Due to the dynamic, developmental and original nature of teachers’ career, this study adopts the method of narrative research, aiming to pay attention to the overall quality of life of teachers. Through the overall observation of the teachers of F middle school in Fugong County, remote mountain area, this study selects three typical teachers in three stages as the research objects to carry out case studies, mainly narrative research, supplemented by generic analysis. Combined with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, Fromm’s survival situation research theory, and the dynamic model of teachers’ career development as the theoretical basis, each teacher’s career takes the typical and critical stories that occur in chronological order as the vertical axis, and takes the three dimensions of material life, career development and spiritual life as the horizontal axis, outlines the current situation of the three teachers’ career in the horizontal and vertical crisscross, and summarizes the existing difficulties, On this basis, combined with theoretical analysis of the reasons for hardship and persistence, and finally make a reflection. The study found that the three teachers in the three stages were in three states: rejection of professional identity, compromise under the action of multiple factors, and attribution of educational beliefs. The three states are a process of development. According to the research results, the structural logic diagram of the difficulties and persistence of teachers’ career in remote mountain areas is constructed. Difficulties are mainly manifested in: material life cannot meet the growing material needs, low professional identity in career development, the restriction of self–development in remote mountainous environment, and spiritual dissociation. The reasons for persistence include: lack of professional ability and sense of security, persistence under weighing the pros and cons; the improvement of professional ability and the support of professional achievement; the original intention does not change, the support of educational belief. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Zubke, Friedhelm T1 - Pädagogik der Hoffnung, Würzburg (Königshausen und Neumann) 1996, 212 pp., deutsch. [ISBN 978-3-8260-1196-1] N2 - Der Autor wendet sich dem Thema Hoffnung in der Pädagogik zu und begründet, daß die Hoffnungsthematik durch die Pädagogik zurückliegend vernachlässigt wurde. Andere Wissenschaften, vor allem die Theologie und die Philosophie, haben eine Tradition des Nachdenkens über den Begriff Hoffnung entwickelt. Da pädagogisches Denken stets über die eigene Gegenwart hinaus auf die zu gestaltende Zukunft weist, fiele der Pädagogik die Aufgabe zu, Utopie, Hoffnung, veränderbar gedachte Zukunft reflexiv vorzubereiten. In dem Versuch, >Pädagogik der Hoffnung< zu begründen, wird folgendes methodisches Vorgehen gewählt: Im ersten Kapitel wird eine Ästhetik der Hoffnung beschrieben - als Kategorie menschlichen Lebens - zwischen den Extremen Gelingen und Scheitern - als Gegenbegriff zu Furcht und Verzweiflung - in eigener Kultur neu entdecken - Hoffnungsmotiv in der Kunst. Das zweite Kapitel beschreibt die Philosophie der Hoffnung an Schriften von Kant, Marcel, Bloch und Fromm. Im dritten Kapitel werden Anregungen aus der Theologie der Hoffnung abgeleitet. Im vierten Kapitel wird der Begriff Utopie aufgegriffen - in seiner Bedeutungsvielfalt - historischer Rückblick - als Gesellschaftsentwurf - Utopisches Potential in der Pädagogik. Im fünften Kapitel wird an drei Themenbereichen die Umsetzung einer Pädagogik der Hoffnung dargestellt: 1. Sisyphos als Symbol für pädagogische Arbeit, 2. Prinzip Ethik als tragende Kategorie von Elternschaft, 3. Freundschaft als sinnstiftende Kategorie von Menschlichkeit. [DIPF/Ko.] Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhuang, Jinye T1 - The Role of Personality Charm in the Teaching of Ideological and Political Courses [人格魅力在思想政治课教学中的作用] JF - Journal of Fujian Institute of Education [福建教育学院学报], No. 8 (2002), pp. 22-23. N2 - 什么是人格?美国人文主义哲学家埃里希·弗洛姆指出,人格是人先天禀赋和后天获得的真正构成一个人特征的,从而使个人与他人区别开来的各种心理特质的总和。也就是说是个人的品格,是个人价值和品质的总和,它既有先天性的气质,更主要的是后天形成的,是人们受后天社会环境和教育的影响,经过个人后天的努力与实践,不断沉积的一种内在的品质。作为政治教师的人格魅力是一种非权力性的力量,是基于政治教师的高尚人格与学生建立起来的一种感情的力量并由这种力量形成的教师威信,是思想道德、学识能力、工作作风的综合体现。哲学家黑格尔曾说:>人格无条件也具有真理性。<在教育中 … N2 - What is personality? American humanist philosopher Erich Fromm pointed out that personality is the sum of various psychological traits that are innate and acquired by a person, which truly constitute a person's characteristics and distinguish the individual from others. In other words, it is a person's character, the sum of personal values and qualities. It has both innate temperament and more importantly, it is formed after birth. It is an internal quality that people are influenced by the acquired social environment and education, and is continuously accumulated through personal efforts and practice after birth. The personality charm of a political teacher is a non-power force. It is a kind of emotional power established between the noble personality of the political teacher and the students, and the teacher's prestige is formed by this power. It is a comprehensive reflection of ideological morality, knowledge and ability, and work style. Philosopher Hegel once said: >Personality is unconditional and true.< In education … [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Xiaoyu T1 - A Study of Alienation Dilemma in >Everything I Never Told You< from the Perspective of Humanism, Master thesis, World Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Celeste Ng is one of the important Chinese American writers in American society, who becomes very popular at home and abroad with the publication of her first novel >Everything I Never Told You<. Ng’s works focus on the living conditions of ethnic minorities and marginal people in society. Her writing style is mild and restrained, and she explores the relationship between people with a trivial story pattern. >Everything I Never Told You< tells the living dilemma of an Asian mixed-race family through the trivial things in daily life. This thesis mainly takes Fromm’s humanism as the breakthrough point to deeply analyze the alienation performance of the protagonists in >Everything I Never Told You<, its causes and ways of salvation, and points out the pressure and challenges people face in modern society. As a representative of the Frankfurt School, Fromm reveals the universal alienation phenomenon in a capitalist society and researches this problem. His analysis expresses his concern and cogitation on the plight of human alienation. This thesis examines the alienation and suffering of the James’ through humanistic thought and strives to find a way out in the alienated world. This thesis consists of three parts: introduction, main body, and conclusion. The first part is the introduction. This part mainly includes the introduction of Celeste Ng and her work >Everything I Never Told You< and the research review at home and abroad, and points out the purpose and significance of analyzing the works from the perspective of Fromm’s humanism. The second part is the main body. The main part of the thesis consists three chapters: The first chapter analyzes the performance of the alienation dilemma. Firstly, the protagonists become marginal. In social life, James and Lydia are difficult integrating into society as Asians; in family, Marilyn’s demands are ignored by family members, and Nath and Hannah are ignored by their parents. Secondly, people are trapped into self-contradiction. Marine falls into the contradiction between self-potential and short life, and Lydia is in the contradiction between life and death. Finally, the protagonists all become silent subordinates. Lydia has no courage to rebel her parents, and James and Marilyn follows the rules of society. These performances belong to the alienation of the relationship between man and man, man and society, and man and himself. The second chapter analyzes the reasons for the alienation dilemma. There are two main reasons for the alienation dilemma: family reasons and social reasons. The disharmony between husband and wife, the unbalanced love of parents for their children, and the estrangement between siblings constitute a complex family relationship. James, who lives in a white society as an Asian, has never been able to integrate into the white society truly. Although Marilyn is a white woman, she is still oppressed and discriminated against in terms of gender. These social discriminations also affect the alienation of characters. The third chapter analyzes the salvation ways of alienation dilemma. The broken family finally recognizes the reality and directly faces Lydia’s death. Then they build personal subjectivity and overcome obstacles through the love between family members, and then the family is out of alienation dilemma. Fromm believes that love is an effective way of treating human dilemmas. At the same time, people can enrich their existence value and achieve spiritual integrity by giving love. The last part is the conclusion. This part summarizes the above discussion and finds the way of salvation through the analysis of alienation embodiments and causes. It hopes to arouse people’s deep attention to the alienation dilemma of human existence in contemporary society, deepen people’s self-identity cognition and thinking about the harmonious relationship between family and society. It also provides reference for other inter-racial families to solve the problems of family conflict, children relationship, social discrimination and so on. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Suzhen T1 - The Survival Predicament of >the Beat Generation< – A Study of >On the Road< from the Perspective of Alienation, Master thesis, World Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] As one of the representative figures in the Beat Generation, Jack Kerouac presents a real and detailed life of the group in his semi-autobiographical novel >On the Road<. The uninhibited lifestyle of the young people and their desire for freedom profoundly reveal their perdue fear and discomposure beneath the social prosperity and stabilization in America after World War II. The rebellious behavior of the characters in the novel is a way for them to promote individuality and express their true feelings, which reflects their suppressed anger and anxiety. Because this group have been marginalized and stifled by dominant culture, they attempt to explore new lifestyles and values about human beings. With the theory of alienation by Fromm, this thesis aims to interpret the social reasons why the people who persistently pursue independence and freedom end up succumbing to secular discipline. Although this sub-cultural group oppose to the suppression of the society, they all choose to compromise with the community they have revolted. It is argued that the cause of their final choice of life is the highly-institutionalized mechanical civilization which condenses humans’ space for personal survival and development. The alienation of labor resulting from mechanization alienated people’s psychology, which leads to alienation of freedom and love. The commodities and prosperity in modern society do not bring about real meaning to them. On the contrary, the illusory happiness beguiles them into instant gratification to such an extent that they abnegate spiritual independence unconsciously. The three chapters of the thesis expound the contradictory behaviors of the main characters in the novel from the aspects of alienation of freedom, love and labor, aiming to clarify the source of their psychological alienation. According to the analysis of the thesis, it is argued that the alienation of labor emerging along with the development of capitalism is the main cause of psychological alienation and the suppressive social environment leads to rebellion of the youth. While as individual resistance and spiritual pursuit are not capable to resist mighty social discipline, they are doomed to compromise with the society. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Yaning T1 - A Study on Family Critical Theory of Frankfurt School, Doctoral dissertation, Philosophy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Frankfurt School is a Western Marxist School formed around the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, which is famous for social critical theory. Social critical theory carries on the traditional thoughts and fundamental spirits of Marxist, and integrates the social sciences including economics, politics, sociology, history, anthropology and psychology in new historical conditions, to inspect, analyze and criticize the developed capitalist society in a specific and historical way, and express ideas of future society that is more rational, more democratic, more just and freer. The issue of >Family< is an important component and strong support for social critical theory of Frankfurt School. The thematic study for family critical theory is able to clarify the core essence and substantive concern of social critical theory further. Frankfurt School’s family critical theory is a derivative of the specific context on the times, generating in the social reality on highly authoritarian German under the Nazi regime, the technology controlled American under the guise of advanced industrial civilization, and the families and women’s situation in Soviet Union during the Stalin period. And evolving in the diachronic innovation of capitalism on the dual social effects of science and technology by the use of capitalistic condition, the rethinking about social normative issues by the completion of the state’s political functions, and the mass spiritual trauma by the culture controlled of bourgeois. It is also a symbiotic product of the intersection on multiple thoughts, enlightening in Marx’s humanistic critical concepts, early Western Marxist founders’ principles on revolutionary practice and ideo­logy, sociological theory of Weber’s modernistic criticism with >rationalization< as the core, social philosophi­cal theory of Heidegger’s existential based on the analysis of daily life, and psychological theories of Freud’s psychoanalysis and Mead’s social behaviorist psychology. That is to say, the >joint force< on practices and theories promotes the formation and construction of family critical theory. In the development process of nearly a century, the theorists on four generations persevere in the tone of criticizing existing society and concerning about human existence, while discussing family from different perspectives resorting to internal discord and academical re-orientation, forming highly distinctive family critical views. The first generation critics Horkheimer, Adorno, Fromm and Marcuse set up the topic on >authority and family<, concerned psychoanalysis to describe family shaping authoritarian personality, the evolution and succession of family authority, and the liberation of families and women breaking through authority. The second generation critic Habermas shapes the topic on >communication and family<, con­cerned social communication theory to explain the emergence, transformation and reconstruction of public sphere based on family, communication behavior and family socialization, and women in families. The third generation critic Honneth constructs the topic on >recognition and family<, concerned political ethics theory to indicate the justice and freedom dimensions of family recognition. The fourth generation critics focus on various aspects around the topic on >good life and family<. Concerned life development theory, Forst explains the defensive context on family reality under >justice and family<, Jaeggi mentions the alienated family relationships and the family reality in life form under >alienation, life form and family<, and Rosa references family in social accelerated wave and family resonance harbor in the late modern under >acceleration, resonance and family<. Above all of these highlight the internal logic and time update on family study. Using Marxist viewpoints and methods to evaluate Frankfurt School’s family critical theory is the fundamental principle to study Western Marxism. Frankfurt School’s family critical theory promotes the critical spirit of Marxism, but insists the value position of bourgeois, the diachronic and synchronic analysis on the evolution, structure, ethics, communication and guidance of the family, presenting the characteristics on unity between valued reflection and factual context, discourse logic and practical renewal, critical cognition and constructive intention, and the properties on the reality nature of integrating history and society, the human nature of concerning for survival and development, and the transcendental nature of separating from capital logic, the romantic nature of departing from effective struggle. Frankfurt School’s family critical theory also has a deep impact in the history of Western Marxism, which rewritten by existentialist Marxism and Structuralist Marxism, and developed by feminist Marxism and post-Marxism. Criticizing Frankfurt School’s family critical theory to make a >Chinese< answer to independent development road on modern family in combination with Chinese characteristics socialism practice is ultimate destination to theoretical research. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Tingxiang T1 - A Brief Analysis of Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< Thought [浅析弗洛姆的>逃避自由<思想] JF - JinGu Creative Literature [今古文创], No. 10 (2025), pp. 61-63. N2 - 本文聚焦于弗洛姆的>逃避自由<思想展开剖析。首先介绍了弗洛姆对自由问题的论述,梳理了自由概念在历史长河中的演变轨迹;进而阐述弗洛姆独特的自由观,其中消极自由的孤立无援、意义缺失以及积极自由实现所需条件的难以满足,共同构成其>逃避自由<思想形成的关键因素;最后阐述确立积极自由的途径,包括爱与理性的思想源泉作用、创造性劳动的现实途径以及健全社会的外部条件。 N2 - This paper focuses on Fromm's >escape from freedom< thought. First, Fromm's discussion on the issue of freedom is introduced, and the evolution of the concept of freedom in the long river of history is sorted out; then Fromm's unique view of freedom is expounded, among which the isolation and lack of meaning of negative freedom and the difficulty in meeting the conditions required for the realization of positive freedom together constitute the key factors in the formation of his >escape from freedom< thought; finally, the way to establish positive freedom is expounded, including the ideological source of love and reason, the practical way of creative labor and the external conditions of a sound society. [Translation: www.google translator, 3/2025] Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Li T1 - The Basis of Personality Display – Interview with Shui Junyi, the Host of >Focus Interview< [个性展现的基础──访《焦点访谈》主持人水均益所得] JF - Communication Journal of Beijing Broadcasting Institute [现代传播(中国传媒大学学报)], No. 4 (1995). N2 - 弗洛姆在《爱的艺术》中说到这样一句话──爱是一种能力。这就赋予了很多人向往;坐享或是已经为之焦头烂额的神秘情感以很大的主动性与可知性。那么,在如今电视节目主持人纷纷出现而又难以令自己或受众满意的时候 ... N2 - Fromm said in >The Art of Loving< that love is a kind of ability. This gives a lot of initiative and knowability to the mysterious emotion that many people yearn for, enjoy or have been exhausted by. So, when TV show hosts appear one after another and it is difficult to satisfy themselves or the audience ... [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xiangping T1 - On Theodore’s Loneliness in Donna Tartt’s >The Goldfinch<, Master thesis, World Literature, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Donna Tartt (1963–) is a new generation writer in contemporary American literature history whose works mostly derive from her childhood experiences which reflect on realistic social problems and the mental state of young people. >The Goldfinch< is the third book of Tartt. It was widely popular upon its publication, which won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Literature. Until now, academic research on >The Goldfinch< mainly focuses on the initiation story, intertextuality, trauma, eco-criticism, anxiety and so on. Taking the protagonist Theodore as the research object, this thesis attempts to interpret his process of conquering the loneliness in the light of Erich Fromm’s theory on loneliness. Generally speaking, loneliness refers to the individual’s subjective psychological feelings. Social psychologist and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm puts forward his philosophical illustration that loneliness is the objective fact that all human beings need to face. And, it will spread with the changes in the social environment, which leaves people in a strong existential crisis. Fromm mentions five critical demands for human existence: the need for relatedness, transcendence, identity, positioning and rootedness. When the alienated capitalist society can’t satisfy human needs, they may come into >a jail of loneliness<. Therefore, people tend to make different efforts to get out of the challenging condition. Within >The Goldfinch<, the hero Theodore is lost in morbid loneliness at first, then he adopts psychological defense mechanisms and continuously makes self-empowerment. Finally, he becomes a mature individual with the sane personality who transcends the loneliness to realize positive freedom. Chapter one discusses Theodore’s phase of being beleaguered in loneliness. The hero always lives a rootless life from the estran¬ged and indifferent family relation. Loss of security and belonging means that he doesn’t have the protection of >primary ties< who struggles with desperate loneliness. Self-doubts and denials about existence deepen his anxiety and loneliness. Under the circumstance of an alienated social environment, he is also tortured by loneliness from conflicts like materialism and class differences. Chapter two analyzes Theodore’s phase of escaping. When the external living conditions can’t meet the basic requirements of his growth and mental health, he adopts psychological defense mechanisms to overcome loneliness. Firstly, he attempts to escape from realistic anguishes by establishing symbiotic emotion with Pippa, which does work to some extent, but he loses integrity and independence. Secondly, Theodore takes morbid and destructive behaviors such as alcoholism and drug abuse to alleviate isolation and helplessness that can’t overcome loneliness in essence. Chapter three demonstrates Theodore’s transcending of loneliness. Fromm points out that spontaneous activity is an effective way to overcome loneliness because the individual connects with the world again in self-realization. And >love is the most central component of spontaneity< (Fromm, Escape from Freedom, 174). Firstly, it demonstrates the hero’s return of moral responsibility and conscience. Theodore finds that materially possessing >The Goldfinch< brings him in a tremendously moral dilemma for a long time, he needs to finds the aesthetic value in the art world to conquer the loneliness hopefully. Secondly, it discusses Theodore’s productive self-achievement. With great free will, he succeeds in breaking away the situation of self-degeneration and gradually finds subjectivity and creativity to integrate into the society through spontaneous learning and art creation. Finally, he cultivates an independent personality with emotional sublimation who masters the elements and connotation of love to take his subjective initiative to give love. By analyzing the process of Theodore’s being beleaguered, escaping, and transcending upon loneliness, this thesis attempts to reveal people’s general mental state under the background of highly developed capitalism. Besides, it also points out that the correct way to overcome loneliness is to insist on the power of love and the beauty of art for spiritual redemption, which enlightens people to pursue positive freedom. Under the context of modernity with rapid economic development, ideas expounded in the novel provide some significant references for us to get rid of the spiritual crisis. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Qianru T1 - Salvation, or can save us from the confusion of life – Reading Solovyov's >The Meaning of Love< [拯救,或能拯救我们于生命的茫然中——读索洛维约夫《爱的意义》] JF - Observation and Ponderation [观察与思考], No. 11 (2004), p. 57. N2 - 拿起刚出版的俄国索洛维约夫的《爱的意义》,题旨就带有现实指导意义,当然吸引我深入读下去的,是缘于刘小枫先生的几句导读语:这部小书对爱的分析从生物性层次——性爱入手,最终进入到爱的最高层次,实可谓>由浅入深<。国内曾刊行过弗洛姆的《爱的艺术》 N2 - Picking up the newly published Russian Solovyov's >The Meaning of Love<, the title has realistic guiding significance. Of course, what attracted me to read it in depth was Mr. Liu Xiaofeng's introduction: This little book analyzes love from the biological level - sexual love, and finally enters the highest level of love, which can be said to be >from shallow to deep<. Fromm's >The Art of Loving< has been published in China. [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 2004 ER -