TY - GEN A1 - Kaniowski, Pavel A1 - et al., T1 - Neopsychoanaliza humanistyczna Ericha Fromma – Wprowadzenie, Przeczytaj, Prezentacja multimedialna, Film edukacyjny, Dla nauczyciela [Erich Fromm's Humanistic Neopsychoanalysis – Introduction, Readings, Multimedia Presentation, Educational Film, for the Teacher], Educational platform of the Ministry of Education and Science, Poland s. a. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Žitná, Barbora T1 - Koncepce humanistické etiky v díle E. Fromma, [The Concept of Humanistic Ethics in the Work of E. Fromm], Bachelor thesis, Philosophy, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Poland 2022, 41 pp. N2 - Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Grundprinzipien der humanistischen Ethik von Erich Fromm darzustellen. Seine Ideen werden mit denen von Sigmund Freud und Karl Marx verknüpft, von denen Fromm oft inspiriert wurde. Im ersten Teil wird auf die Definition der humanistischen Ethik und die Unterscheidung zwischen biophiler und nekrophiler Orientierung eingegangen. Der Kern von Fromms Ethik ist seine Charakterologie. Dabei beschäftigt sich die Arbeit mit produktiver und unproduktiver Orientierung, deren Ausprägungen und in der Folge auch Seinsweisen. Der Hauptteil beschreibt die Frage nach der menschlichen Natur, zusammen mit der Frage, ob der Mensch von Natur aus schlecht oder gut ist. Auch dem Freiheitsbegriff Fromms wird Beachtung geschenkt. Diese Interpretation beschreibt den Prozess der Individualisierung, der zur Freiheit führt, sowie die Mechanismen der Flucht, die sich aus diesem Prozess ergeben. Ein weiteres Thema ist ein Überblick über positive Freiheit und wie man sie erreicht. Im Zusammenhang mit der Freiheit befasst sich das Werk auch mit dem Gewissen. Der letzte Teil widmet sich einem Vergleich ausgewählter ethischer Kategorien von Karl Marx und Erich Fromm. Konkret geht es um eine Gegenüberstellung ihres Menschenbildes und seiner Entfremdung. [Deutsche Kurzfassung der Autorin] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Zunmin T1 - Exploring the Way Out of Freedom from the Views of Berlin and Fromm [伯林与弗洛姆的自由观探自由之出路] JF - Present and Future [今古文创], No. 3 (2022), pp. 44-46. N2 - 伯林与弗洛姆将自由区分为积极自由与消极自由。两人对积极自由与消极自由之基本含义界定大体一致,但是其含摄范围与致思路径并不相同,由此,其倾向性与侧重点也就全然不同。伯林从保障政治权利的立场出发,认为消极自由保证人的自由行动领域不被干涉,更值得争取;弗洛姆出于对人的本质力量发展的考量,认为实现积极自由才是目的。事实上,伯林的消极自由争取当下的政治权利,弗洛姆的积极自由则更关注人本质力量的长远发展和全面发展,而眼前目标和长远目标同样不可偏废。 N2 - Berlin and Fromm distinguish between positive and negative freedom. The basic meanings of positive and negative liberties are generally the same, but their scope and approach are not the same, so their tendencies and focus are also different. From the standpoint of guaranteeing political rights, Berlin believes that negative liberty is worth fighting for because it guarantees the non-interference in the sphere of free action of human beings, while Fromm believes that the realization of positive liberty is the goal out of the consideration of the development of the essential power of human beings. In fact, while Berlin negative liberty strives for political rights in the present, Fromm's positive liberty is more concerned with the long-term and comprehensive development of man's essential powers, and the immediate and long-term goals cannot be neglected. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 12/2021] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Tieyan T1 - Research on >Escape from Freedom< in Fromm's Thought [弗洛姆思想中的>逃避自由<研究]. Master thesis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China 2022. N2 - The formation of Erich Fromm’s thought of >Escape from freedom< is based on the inheritance and absorption of Marxism and Freud, on the one hand, Erich Fromm draws on Marxism’s social criticism and alienation theory to analyze the social psychological factors that give rise to escape from freedom, on the other hand, it draws on Freud’s psychoanalysis to analyze the individual psychological factors of escape from freedom, and combines the two. By analyzing the phenomenon of >Escape from freedom<, Erich Fromm points out the spiritual crisis of modern people’s existence and seeks to find ways to construct a sound society and a sound personality. Erich Fromm’s >Escape from freedom< was born out of the Protestant Reformation and the development of capitalism. The Protestant Reformation freed the individual from the constraints of God and the church, but when the individual lost the barriers of the church, he could not feel his place in the secular life. In the course of the development of capitalism, the individual gradually neglects the relation with the other because of the separation of the capitalist division of labor from the other, and the individual pays more attention to his own life, cause the loneliness of the heart. Both contribute to the instability of social organization structure and the unhealthy psychology of the individual, a phenomenon Erich Fromm calls >The duality of freedom<. In Erich Fromm’s view, the duality of freedom is one of the most important reasons for the >Escape from freedom<. Along with the development of capitalism, the idea of >Escape from freedom< took the form of authoritarianism, desire for destruction, and automaton conformity, which Erich Fromm believed had a negative effect on the individual, the psychological factors that gave birth to the Second World War. Since the end of the Second World War, the hidden dangers of Nazism have not been completely eliminated in modern society, and there is a democratic crisis in modern society due to the lack of >Sense of tragedy<. So Erich Fromm addresses the problems of the future by nurturing new people who re-exist and building new societies in which people develop as they are. With the further development of capitalism, industrial civilization does show new features different from the past, and the causes and manifestations of >Escape from freedom< have also changed accordingly. Such social phenomena as the disappearance of >Grand narrative< and >Systematic exploitation< of workers in the industrial civilized society show that the >individualization process< has been reconstructed under the new social situation, >Escape from freedom< is manifested by the further loss of individual identity and hostility from >The other<. Erich Fromm proposed to overcome alienated personality through creative activities, through the form of collective art to cultivate a sound personality, in order to deal with the >Escape from freedom<. By systematically combing Erich Fromm’s theory of >Escape from freedom< and combining it with his Marxist philosophy criticism of Erich Fromm, it can be seen that Erich Fromm’s critique of capitalism does not touch on the Base and political structure of capitalism, and that the basis for judging the soundness of society ignores the factor of productivity, and the >Love< which is used to construct people’s spiritual health has ideality and limitation. Therefore, only on the basis of Marxism and historical materialism, from the perspective of concrete practice, to carry out a critical study of Erich Fromm’s thought of >Escape from freedom<, can draw lessons from Erich Fromm’s thought, for the construction of a harmonious society to provide reference. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zheng, Yiying A1 - Wang, Lan T1 - A Brief Analysis of Fromm's Theory of Escape from Freedom [浅析弗洛姆的逃避自由理论] JF - Master and Masterpiece [名家名作], No. 21 (2022), pp.:151-153. N2 - 弗洛姆是西方马克思主义的重要代表,也是法兰克福学派的主要成员。弗洛姆生活在20世纪,一生经历了两次世界大战,当时的社会充斥着种种矛盾,引发了他对自由问题的深刻思考。弗洛姆将马克思的自由观同弗洛伊德的精神分析学结合起来,从心理学层面对现代人的生存困境进行了分析,把自由分为积极自由和消极自由,指出逃避自由只会离自由越来越远,人要获得真正的自由,就必须通过爱、理性和创造性劳动确立积极自由。主要分析其历史生成语境,阐述主要内容,并进行总体评价。 N2 - Fromm is an important representative of Western Marxism and a leading member of the Frankfurt School. Fromm lived in the 20th century and experienced two world wars during his lifetime. The society at that time was full of contradictions, which triggered his profound thinking on the issue of freedom. Combining Marx's concept of freedom with Freud's psychoanalysis, Fromm analyzes the existential dilemma of modern man from the psychological level, divides freedom into positive and negative freedom, and points out that avoiding freedom will only lead farther and farther away from it, and that man must establish positive freedom through love, reason and creative labor in order to obtain true freedom. It mainly analyzes the context of its historical generation, elaborates the main contents, and provides an overall evaluation. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zheng, Chang T1 - A Social and Psychological Discussion on Erich Fromm’s Escape Mechanism of Freedom and the Way towards Self-Realization JF - Canadian Social Science, Vol. 18, No. 3 (2022), pp. 74-77. [Online ISSN 1923-6697] [doi.org/10.3968/12577] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] A personal character is determined by the historical era in which one lives. Erich Fromm is particularly concerned with the debated issue of freedom, especially the escape mechanism of freedom. As a member of the Frankfurt School, Erich Fromm believes that human beings are mainly social beings, not a self-sufficient enclosed system. After analyzing how the escape mechanism for freedom is produced, Fromm advocates that positive freedom should be the freedom to develop oneself freely, to fully tap and realize one’s own potential, to pursue the ideal of truth, goodness and beauty, and to promote personal growth and happiness. Only when people actively play their own roles in the society can their sense of isolation and helplessness be overcome. Replacing authoritarian power with democracy and instilling to people the ideas about life, liberty and truth can they find a right path towards self-realization. [Author's English] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xiaowei T1 - Existence in the Practice of Love – Read Fromm's >The Art of Loving< [在爱的实践中存在——读弗洛姆《爱的艺术》] JF - The Teaching of Thought and Political Study, [思想政治课教学], No. 8 (2022), pp. 95-96. N2 - 在写作《爱的艺术》时,社会批判思想家弗洛姆的弗洛伊德主义马克思主义理论体系已逐渐形成。弗洛姆结合马克思恩格斯在19世纪中叶创立的历史唯物主义思想,批判性地发展了弗洛伊德的精神分析学说,从人类生活实践出发考察人类生存状况。在《马克思论人》一文中,弗洛姆曾明确表述了他的观点:马克思的真实目的是人的精神解放,是让每一个个体的人都恢复其完整性。事实上,这也是弗洛姆在爱的实践中探寻人类生存问题答案的出发点与落脚点。 N2 - At the time of writing >The Art of Loving<, the Freudian Marxist theoretical system of the social-critical thinker Fromm had been gradually formed. Combining the ideas of historical materialism founded by Marx and Engels in the mid-19th century, Fromm critically developed Freud's psychoanalytic doctrine and examined the human existence from the practice of human life. In his book >Marx’s Concept of Man<, Fromm had clearly expressed his view that Marx's true aim was the spiritual emancipation of man, the restoration of each individual human being to its integrity. In fact, this is the starting point and the landing point of Fromm's search for the answer to the question of human existence in the practice of love. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Qi T1 - Research on Fromm's Disobedience Thought [弗洛姆不服从思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2022. N2 - Fromm inherited Marx’s humanistic thought and developed the psychoanalysis, not only do not obey the thought of theoretical connotation and forms, an important connotation in disobedience thought, also proposed shall establish a disobedient socialism and on the basis of the civil liberties cooperation of human society, form the unique ideological system. At the same time, he analyzed the phenomenon of human alienation and the adverse factors hindering the free development of human beings. The epistemological basis of his humanistic thought is the critical theory, criticizing the basic contradictions existing in capitalist society, and holding that people need to have the courage to disobey the orders of power if they want to establish humanistic socialism. On this basis, Fromm emphasizes the core concepts such as the condition of disobedience and the theoretical basis of social character, which provides a theoretical foundation for people to realize real free and comprehensive development. In addition, Fromm criticized the bureaucratic system of capitalism, the problem of old age and the psychological mechanism of escaping freedom. Based on Fromm’s disobedience thought theory origin and realistic background starting, explore the surrounding Fromm’s ideas of disobedience and evaluation, this paper expounds the main contents of Fromm’s disobedience thought, taking Marxist theory as the foundation, the theory of Fromm’s ideas of noncompliance with the value and limitations were analyzed, and thus introduces Fromm’s ideas of disobedience. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Jing T1 - An Interpretation of the Theme of Alienation in >Jude the Obscure< from the Perspective of Fromm’s Humanistic Psychoanalysis, Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - The eminent British novelist and poet Thomas Hardy wrote fifteen novels, four collections of short stories, over 900 poems and two verse dramas throughout his life, leaving a valuable literary heritage for the people of the UK and the world. Jude the Obscure is set in England of 1860 s. It recounts the tragedy of the protagonist countryman Jude Fawley’s struggle for college minister and a stable marriage. It is considered as the first modern novel in the history of British literature. The theme of alienation is a basic theme of modernist literature. It is displayed in Hardy’s novels, especially in >Jude the Obscure<. This thesis adopts the humanistic psychoanalysis of the German-American Jewish social psychologist Erich Fromm to discuss and analyze the representations and reasons for Jude’s alienation in the novel. Jude lived in a stage when capitalism was rapidly developing. The social economy was thriving. The achievements of political democracy were increasingly consolidated, and the cultural cause was flourishing. Influenced by the capitalist civilization, Jude strove to stand firm in metropolises. However, the development of capitalism has two sides. With the continuous progress in economy and the technology, economic features of capitalism such as the quantification and the abstraction were constantly highlighted. The connections between individuals and the connections between people and concrete objects were increasingly vague. Political democracy not only brought people freedom, but also increased people’s sense of loneliness and powerlessness. On the one hand, cultural education encouraged individuals to develop the character of ambition and competition. On the other hand, it compelled individuals to act in accordance with social norms. In such a society, people were in atomic states. They did not get acquainted with each other. The psychological needs of individuals, also the needs of human nature that were based on their existence conditions could not be satisfied. People were only obliged to conform to social norms, which caused the alienation of individuals. Jude’s alienation is the root of his tragedy. Based on the previous research findings, this thesis attempts to interpret the theme of alienation in >Jude the Obscure< via the theory of Erich Fromm’s humanistic psychoanalysis. It hopes to have a better understanding of Hardy’s modernist literary spirit. [www.cnki.net, 1/2023] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Jie T1 - On Fromm's Theory of >Love< [弗洛姆>爱<的话语理论] JF - Journal of Puyang Vocational and Technical College [濮阳职业技术学院学报], No. 4 (2022), 71-76. N2 - 作为弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义者,弗洛姆深化弗洛伊德无意识领域学说,将此与马克思人道主义结合,积极探索社会改造方案。弗洛姆发现,爱是拯救病态社会的答案,爱的关系为当前病态的社会指明了方向,畸形的爱和爱的匮乏导致了人们逃避自由的心理机制,弗洛姆将爱作为一门艺术,在爱的可能上提出了诸多可行性建议。弗洛姆从个体>社会心理<出发,致力于重塑人的>社会性格<,憧憬健全社会愿景,打造充满爱的人道主义世界。 N2 - As a Freudian Marxist, Fromm deepened Freud's doctrine of the unconscious sphere, combined this with Marxian humanism, and actively explored social transformation programs. Fromm found that love is the answer to save the sick society, and that the relationship of love shows the direction of the current sick society, and that the deformed love and the lack of love lead to the psychological mechanism of people to escape from freedom. Fromm starts from the >social psyche< of the individual and works to reshape the >social character< of people, envisioning a vision of a sound society and a humanitarian world full of love. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 9/2022] Y1 - 2022 ER -