TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Chongyang T1 - Predicament and Salvation in Paul Auster’s >The Brooklyn Follies< [保罗•奥斯特《布鲁克林荒唐事》中的困境与救赎], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 保罗•奥斯特(1947-)被誉为美国当代最杰出的作家之一。到目前为止,他出版了十九部小说,五部传记,四部电影剧本和一部评论集。这些作品为他赢得了很多奖项,如2006年的阿斯图里亚斯王子文学奖。奥斯特的众多作品体现了他对现代人生存状态和精神状态的深刻关怀,《布鲁克林的荒唐事》(2005)就是其中具代表性的一部。在这部小说中,奥斯特带着充满希望的积极态度,生动地描绘出一些疲惫不堪的纽约人如何在和谐的布鲁克林社区中走出他们的精神困境。近年来,奥斯特的很多小说被译成中文,他在中国读者中的影响也日益扩大,但是他的作品尚未引起我国文学评论界的足够重视。到目前为止,有关奥斯特作品的学术论文还为数不多。而且,学者们的注意力大多集中在奥斯特的部分作品,如《纽约三部曲》(1987),对其他的作品,如《布鲁克林的荒唐事》则关注度不够。通过分析小说中人物的精神困境及救赎,本论文旨在填补对这部小说研究的空缺,同时推动国内的奥斯特研究。论文主要关注小说中的三个人物,分别是退休、离婚的内森,他消极的侄子汤姆及他叛逆的侄女奥罗拉。小说中这三个人物经历了相似的人生历程。面对精神困境,他们都采取了逃避机制,却加深了他们的困境。最终他们通过一些积极的行动获得了重生。借助创伤理论、弗洛姆的人本主义思想以及积极心理学的一些概念,论文试图分析三个人物的精神困境,他们的逃避机制以及他们最终的精神救赎。除引言和结论外,论文共由三章组成。引言部分除对作者奥斯特的生平和文学生涯做简单的介绍之外,也简要地介绍小说的主要故事情节,然后详细介绍这部小说的国内外研究现状,论文的理论框架,以及借助创伤理论、弗洛姆的人本主义思想和积极心理学研究这部小说的意义。第一章详细分析三个人物的精神困境。他们在家庭中和社会上都经历了一些创伤性事件。内森在他不幸的婚姻中挣扎,经历了妹妹的去世,同时,作为一名保险销售员,他深受客户创伤经验的影响。汤姆经历的创伤事件包括父母的离婚,母亲的去世,求职的失败以及他所经历的暴力犯罪。奥罗拉的创伤来自父母的离婚和一段在色情电影拍摄片场被轮奸的可怕经历。除了这些创伤经历,他们还承受着异化的影响。在以对金钱的无休止追求为特征的不健全社会中,他们被转变为>物<或者商品。因此,他们与自我异化,也与其他人异化。在创伤经历和异化的人际关系影响下,三个人物经常感到无助、孤独和不安。第二章主要探索人物的逃避机制和他们选择逃避的原因。内森和汤姆选择>机械趋同<的逃避机制以获得心理安慰和安全感。他们没有积极地去追求自己最初的梦想,也没有主动与其他人建立好的人际关系,相反,他们选择与外界的期望保持一致,过着机器人式的生活。内森埋葬了自己的文学梦想,成为一名销售员,过着一种例行公事的生活。汤姆没有动力去追求他做教师的原计划,转而接受哈里的建议,做了他的助理。因为他们都失去了个性,随着时间推移,他们的困境被恶化。奥罗拉选择>受虐冲动<的逃避机制。为了得到大卫的爱,她屈服于他。但是,因为牺牲了自己的独立性,她逐渐被困入新的束缚中。这三个人物选择逃避的倾向受一些外部原因的影响,同时也受他们自身>非生产性性格<的影响。第三章分析人物的救赎。小说结尾,在和谐的布鲁克林社区,这三个人物都通过他们的积极行动逐渐摆脱了精神困境。这些积极行动主要包括成熟的爱和>创造性活动<。通过对爱的能力的培养,他们学会肯定自己的潜力,还逐渐与他人建立起良好关系。除了成熟的爱,他们最终的精神救赎还得益于创造性活动。在弗洛姆看来,创造性活动最基本的要求是要积极主动。通过人际关系领域中的积极参与以及他们自身非异化的劳动,他们最终得以过上有意义的生活,获得满足感和真正的快乐。基于以上分析和讨论,结论部分指出,三个人物的重生是对很多经历着精神危机的现代人的一个鼓励,体现了奥斯特对现代人精神状态的深切关怀以及他对人们未来充满希望的态度。结合创伤理论、弗洛姆的人本主义思想以及积极心理学,论文试图为奥斯特研究提供新视角,增添新内容,同时也有一些现实意义,即提醒陷在精神困境中的人们,开启新生活的唯一方式是通过积极的行动而不是诉诸逃避机制。 N2 - Paul Auster (1947-) is now acclaimed as one of the most celebrated contemporary writers in America. Up till now, he has published nineteen novels, five memoirs, four screen plays as well as a collection of critical essays, which bring him numerous awards such as the 2006 Prince of Asturias Award for Literature. In many of his works, Auster expresses his deep concern for the living status and the spiritual state of modern people. Among these works, >The Brooklyn Follies< (2005) is a typical representative. With a hopeful attitude, Auster, in this novel, offers a vivid vision of how some debilitated New Yorkers get out of their spiritual predicaments in the harmonious Brooklyn community. Although recent years witness Auster’s reputation on the rise in China and many of his novels have been translated into Chinese, there is not much academic concern accompanying his popularity. Up till now, only a few academic researches based on Auster and his works have been published. Moreover, scholars mainly focus on some of his works such as the New York Trilogy (1987), while few of them pay attention to The Brooklyn Follies. By analyzing the spiritual predicaments and the final salvation of the characters, this thesis aims to fill in the gap and promote the popularity and studies of Auster’s works at home. This thesis mainly focuses on three characters: the retired, divorced old man Nathan, Nathan’s depressed nephew Tom and his rebellious niece Aurora. The three characters experience similar life journeys. In face of their spiritual predicaments, they resort to escape mechanisms which only worsen their predicaments. Finally, through some positive actions, they gain rebirth. With the help of trauma theory, Fromm’s humanistic thoughts and positive psychology, this thesis attempts to analyze the spiritual predicaments of the three characters, their escape mechanisms and their final salvation. Besides the Introduction and Conclusion, this thesis is divided into three chapters. The Introduction presents a sketch of Auster’s life experiences, his literary career as well as the main storyline of the novel. Then in detail a literature review of this novel at home and abroad is presented. In addition, the theoretical framework and the significance of interpreting the novel from the perspective of trauma theory, Fromm’s humanistic thoughts and positive psychology are also elaborated in this part. Chapter One provides a detailed analysis of the spiritual dilemmas of the three characters. They experience some traumatic events at home and in society. Nathan struggles in his unfortunate marriage, endures the loss of his sister, and as an insurance man, he is a victim of the traumatic experiences of his clients. Tom is traumatized by the divorce of his parents, the death of his mother, the failure of finding a satisfactory job as well as a violent crime he experiences. Aurora’s trauma results from the divorce of her parents and an awful experience of being gang-raped on the set of a pornographic film. Apart from these traumatic experiences, the three also endure alienation. In the insane modern society characterized by the endless pursuit of money, they are transformed into things or commodities, and thus they are alienated from themselves and from others. Due to the influence of the traumatic events and the alienated relationships, the three often experience helplessness, loneliness and insecurity. Chapter Two explores the escape mechanisms of the three characters and probes into the causes of their choices. In order to gain some comfort and the sense of security, Tom and Nathan choose the escape mechanism of >automaton conformity<. Instead of positively pursuing their own original dreams and actively establishing good relationships with others, they conform to the expectations of the outside world and live like automatons. Nathan buries his literary dream and lives a routine life as a salesman. Tom has no motivation to pursue his original plan of being a teacher, but chooses to accept Harry’s suggestion to be his assistant. Because they lose their individuality, their dilemmas are worsened with time going by. Aurora chooses the escape mechanism of >masochistic strivings<. She submits herself to David in order to gain protection and love. However, because she sacrifices her independence, gradually she is caught in new bondage. Their tendencies to escape are affected by some external factors as well as their >nonproductive character<. The third chapter analyzes the final salvation of the three characters. At the end of the story, in the harmonious community of Brooklyn, the three characters gradually get rid of their spiritual dilemmas through their positive actions: mature love and >productive activities<. With the cultivation of their capacity to love, they learn to affirm their own potentialities and also gradually establish good relationships with others. Apart from mature love, their final salvation also benefits from their productive activities, the fundamental requirement of which, according to Fromm, is to be active. Through active participation in the realms of human relations and their non-alienated labor, the three finally have opportunities to live meaningful lives and gain satisfaction and genuine happiness. Based on the above discussion and analysis, the conclusion points out that the rebirth of the three characters serves as an encouragement to many modern men who have been undergoing spiritual crisis. It embodies Auster’s profound solicitude for the spiritual state of modern man and his hopeful attitude towards the future of modern people. The interpretation of the novel with the help of trauma theory, Fromm’s humanistic thoughts and positive psychology attempts to contribute a new angle and some new contents to the researches on Auster’s works, and it also possesses certain practical meanings, which is to remind those who are trapped in their spiritual dilemmas that the only way to start a new life is to take positive actions instead of resorting to escape mechanisms.] [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Ying T1 - An Analysis of The Alienation Theme in >The Gravedigger’s Daughter<, Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Xi'an International Studies University, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art ]. N2 - 乔伊斯•卡罗尔•欧茨是现当代美国最多产,且最具影响力的作家之一。其作品风格多样,并且主题深刻。《掘墓人的女儿》,发表于2007年,讲述了德国犹太移民后裔丽贝卡•施瓦特的坎坷一生,表现了以施瓦特一家人为缩影的移民群体在美国经历的异化过程。本文以德国著名心理学家,哲学家埃里希•弗洛姆的人性异化为切入点,分析《掘墓人的女儿》的异化主题思想。论文结合弗洛姆对人性异化和病态社会心理的哲学解读,对施瓦特一家人在政治层面,经济层面,精神层面的异化分别进行阐释。分析显示是美国当代社会的压抑环境致使施瓦特一家人与其所在社会关系的异化,并从而导致人与人之间关系的异化,而在这两种异化关系的重压之下,小说中的主要人物作为个体渐渐孤独,绝望,走向自我异化的心理状态。 N2 - Joyce Carol Oates is one of the most prolific and influential contemporary American writers, whose works have diverse styles, and profound themes. The Gravedigger’s Daughter, which was published in 2007, narrates the frustrated life-long story of German Jewish immigrant Rebecca Schwart, and presents the process of alienation of Jewish immigrants in American society with the Schwart family as an epitome. This thesis employs German psychologist and philosopher Erich Fromm’s theory of alienation of human nature to analyze the alienation theme of The Gravedigger’s Daughter. Using Fromm’s philosophical interpretation of alienated humanity and insane social psychology, this paper interprets the Schwart family’s alienation in political, economical and spiritual domai ns respectively. The analysis demonstrates that the depressed circumstances of contemporary American society results in first the alienation between the Schwart family and the society which they belong to, and then the alienation of the interpersonal relationships within their family; because of the double pressure brought about by society and family, the main characters as individuals become isolated, desperate and gradually alienated with self gradually. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xin T1 - A Call for Sane Personality – The Psychoanalysis of Virginia Woolf's >Years< [对健全人格的呼唤 - 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《岁月》的社会心理学解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫是20世纪英国最杰出的现代主义作家之一。作为1937年美国畅销书,《岁月》是她集中反映英国社会生活的一部小说。它颠覆作家以往意识流小说的创作手法,将>事实<与>想象<相结合,以家庭成员对话和人物内心独白折射社会现实,是作家创作的新尝试,然而评论家对此却褒贬不一本论文将运用人本主义精神分析学家埃里希•弗洛姆的社会心理学揭露《岁月》中西方资本主义社会经济制度下人格异化现象以及消极的社会性格,从而挖掘作家伍尔夫对现代人人格发展的担忧,及她对健全人格的呼唤。《岁月》的章节由十一个不同年份组成。据此,作者分析了小说中英国从十九世纪八十年代到二十世纪三十年代的社会背景和社会变化,同时结合弗洛姆对十九、二十世纪资本主义社会的比较型诊断,说明资本主义社会在物质文明进步的同时所产生的精神倒退,揭露以市场为中心的社会经济体制阻碍人格发展的事实与进程。伍尔夫的对比手法则反映出由此产生的人、自然和社会关系不和谐现象。在此基础上,作者运用弗洛姆的>异化<概念剖析人物自我感缺失及人与同胞疏离的异化现象,从而揭露小说中无助与压抑、冷漠与伪善的消极社会性格。重塑健全人格至关重要。主人公通过培养自我感和创造性逐渐实现反异化的自我救赎,通过爱与交流缓解人与人之间的疏离。而小说中人物对大自然的热爱,自然成为人类心灵的庇护,则有力证明了人类亲近自然促进健全人格的发展。所以,作家伍尔夫在《岁月》中呼唤健全的人格。因为在现代社会市场主导一切的经济体制下,异化现象已相当普遍。异化对健全社会和健全人格都有损害与阻碍作用。重塑健全人格对现代人已迫在眉睫。 N2 - Virginia Woolf is one of the most distinguished British modernist writers in the twentieth century. >The Years<, as the 1937 bestseller in the United States, is her novel that focuses on the British social life. Its writing techniques differ from her previous stream-of-consciousness novels. Woolf combined >facts< and >vision<, mirroring the social reality through dialogues and interior monologues of the Pargiter family members. It is an innovation of Woolf’s creation, but critics have not yet reached an agreement on it. Based on the humanistic psychoanalyst Erich Fromm’s socio-psychology, the thesis is an exposure of the phenomenon of alienated personality and negative social characters under Western capitalist social and economic system. It explores Woolf’s concern with the personality development of modern people and her call for sane personality. The Years cover eleven different years. Accordingly, the author of the present study analyzes social backgrounds and changes of Britain from 1880s to 1930s with Fromm’s comparative diagnosis of the nineteenth and twentieth century. It suggests the spiritual retrogression of capitalist society despite the material civilization and uncovers how social and economic system of market-orientation hindered the personality development. Woolf’s technique of contrast is to expose the disharmonious relationship between human, nature and society caused by capitalist system. Fromm’s concept of >alienation< is used to analyze the alienation phenomenon including protagonists’ lack of a sense of self and estrangement between people. Negative social characters, such as powerlessness and repression, indifference and insincerity are exposed. The restoration of sane humanity is of vital importance. Protagonists realize self-salvation against alienation through cultivation of a sense of self and productiveness, and they relieve estrangement between them by love and communication. Their love for nature and nature as a shelter for human soul suggested that intimacy between human and nature is able to promote the development of the sane personality. Therefore, Woolf’s call for sane personality in The Years can be recognized. Since alienation is widespread in modern society under the economic system of market-orientation, it is impairment and hindrance to a sane society, as well as a sane personality. It is vital and urgent to restore a sane personality for modern people.] [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xin T1 - A Call for Sane Personality – The Psychoanalysis of Virginia Woolf's >Years< [对健全人格的呼唤 - 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫《岁月》的社会心理学解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫是20世纪英国最杰出的现代主义作家之一。作为1937年美国畅销书,《岁月》是她集中反映英国社会生活的一部小说。它颠覆作家以往意识流小说的创作手法,将>事实<与>想象<相结合,以家庭成员对话和人物内心独白折射社会现实,是作家创作的新尝试,然而评论家对此却褒贬不一本论文将运用人本主义精神分析学家埃里希•弗洛姆的社会心理学揭露《岁月》中西方资本主义社会经济制度下人格异化现象以及消极的社会性格,从而挖掘作家伍尔夫对现代人人格发展的担忧,及她对健全人格的呼唤。《岁月》的章节由十一个不同年份组成。据此,作者分析了小说中英国从十九世纪八十年代到二十世纪三十年代的社会背景和社会变化,同时结合弗洛姆对十九、二十世纪资本主义社会的比较型诊断,说明资本主义社会在物质文明进步的同时所产生的精神倒退,揭露以市场为中心的社会经济体制阻碍人格发展的事实与进程。伍尔夫的对比手法则反映出由此产生的人、自然和社会关系不和谐现象。在此基础上,作者运用弗洛姆的>异化<概念剖析人物自我感缺失及人与同胞疏离的异化现象,从而揭露小说中无助与压抑、冷漠与伪善的消极社会性格。重塑健全人格至关重要。主人公通过培养自我感和创造性逐渐实现反异化的自我救赎,通过爱与交流缓解人与人之间的疏离。而小说中人物对大自然的热爱,自然成为人类心灵的庇护,则有力证明了人类亲近自然促进健全人格的发展。所以,作家伍尔夫在《岁月》中呼唤健全的人格。因为在现代社会市场主导一切的经济体制下,异化现象已相当普遍。异化对健全社会和健全人格都有损害与阻碍作用。重塑健全人格对现代人已迫在眉睫。 N2 - Virginia Woolf is one of the most distinguished British modernist writers in the twentieth century. >The Years<, as the 1937 bestseller in the United States, is her novel that focuses on the British social life. Its writing techniques differ from her previous stream-of-consciousness novels. Woolf combined >facts< and >vision<, mirroring the social reality through dialogues and interior monologues of the Pargiter family members. It is an innovation of Woolf’s creation, but critics have not yet reached an agreement on it. Based on the humanistic psychoanalyst Erich Fromm’s socio-psychology, the thesis is an exposure of the phenomenon of alienated personality and negative social characters under Western capitalist social and economic system. It explores Woolf’s concern with the personality development of modern people and her call for sane personality. The Years cover eleven different years. Accordingly, the author of the present study analyzes social backgrounds and changes of Britain from 1880s to 1930s with Fromm’s comparative diagnosis of the nineteenth and twentieth century. It suggests the spiritual retrogression of capitalist society despite the material civilization and uncovers how social and economic system of market-orientation hindered the personality development. Woolf’s technique of contrast is to expose the disharmonious relationship between human, nature and society caused by capitalist system. Fromm’s concept of >alienation< is used to analyze the alienation phenomenon including protagonists’ lack of a sense of self and estrangement between people. Negative social characters, such as powerlessness and repression, indifference and insincerity are exposed. The restoration of sane humanity is of vital importance. Protagonists realize self-salvation against alienation through cultivation of a sense of self and productiveness, and they relieve estrangement between them by love and communication. Their love for nature and nature as a shelter for human soul suggested that intimacy between human and nature is able to promote the development of the sane personality. Therefore, Woolf’s call for sane personality in The Years can be recognized. Since alienation is widespread in modern society under the economic system of market-orientation, it is impairment and hindrance to a sane society, as well as a sane personality. It is vital and urgent to restore a sane personality for modern people.] [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Tao T1 - Research on Erich Fromm’s Theory of Aesthetics [弗洛姆美学思想研究], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 埃里希•弗洛姆,美籍德裔犹太人,20世纪享有盛誉的人本主义精神分析学家、哲学家和社会学家。弗洛姆一生致力于人类解放的伟大事业,对人的生存境况和前途命运表现出深切的关怀,为实现人类的自由幸福描绘出美好的蓝图。本论文试从文艺美学的角度,对弗洛姆的美学思想展开深入地探讨与研究。以弗洛姆对人之生存问题的审美关怀为基础,以他关于人之生存困境的症候分析、生存危机的原因剖析以及对人之自由的审美救赎这三个论题的探讨为结构框架,对其美学思想进行分析梳理,进而做一深入的研究阐释。具体而言,首先,阐述弗洛姆美学思想的理论来源。弗洛姆的思想综合了弗洛伊德与马克思的学说,将对人的精神分析与社会文化研究相结合,从而形成了自己独特的理论体系。然后,论述弗洛姆美学思想的主要内容。弗洛姆看到了现代工业社会造成了人在生活各个领域的全面异化,人彻底丧失了生存的自由,面临着严峻的生存危机。在深入剖析造成这一危机的人性根源和社会现实原因的基础之上,他提出了一条审美的解救之途,即通过爱、宗教和艺术的审美力量,解决人之生存的两歧矛盾,打破社会禁锢人的幻想锁链,重建人与自我、人与他人以及人与社会的和谐关系,重获人之自由。最后,探讨弗洛姆美学思想的现实启示及局限性。弗洛姆的美学思想在当代仍具有积极的启示和借鉴作用,但同时,由于他过分推崇爱的作用以及宗教和艺术的革命功能,而忽略了现实的革命实践,因此,这一审美的救赎带有浓重的乌托邦色彩,在现实中难以付诸实践,注定只能是一种美好的愿望与企盼。 N2 - Erich Fromm, German-American Jew, the famous humanistic psychoanalyst, philosopher and so-ciologist in 20th century. Fromm devoted all his life to the great cause of human liberation, he showed a deep concern for human’s living conditions and their future destiny, and drew a beautiful blueprint for their free and happy life in the future. This paper will have a deeply research on Fromm’s aesthetics from the perspective of literary aesthetics. The research based on his aesthetic concern for the situation of human’s existence, as the framework of three theses: what’s the performance of people’s existential plight, what the reason of this difficult position is, and how to regain freedom from aesthetics.– Specifically, first expound the theoretical sources of Fromm’s aesthetics. Fromm’s idea combined the theory of Marx and Freud, connected the psychoanalysis with the social and cultural research. On this basis, he formed his own theoretical system.– The next, discuss the main content of Fromm’s aesthetics. Fromm saw the modern industrial society has made the alienation of people in all areas of life, people completely lost their freedom, facing a severe crisis of survival. On the basis of the in-depth analysis of the humanity and the social reasons of this crisis, he proposed an aesthetic salvation, that is, using the aesthetic power of love, religion and art, to solve the contradiction of human’s existence, to break the fantastic chains, and to rebuild the harmonious relationship between man and himself, man and other peoples, or man and the society.– Finally, explore the realistic enlightenment and the limitations of Fromm’s aesthetics. Fromm’s aesthetics still has a positive inspiration and reference today, but at the same time, because he exaggerated the function of love, religion and art, while ignoring the revolutionary practice, so this aesthetic redemption is difficult to put into practice in the real world, and is bound to be a beautiful wish which cannot be achieved. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Lu T1 - Research on the Madman Image in Jin Yong’s Novel [论金庸小说中的疯癫形象 ], Master thesis, Chinese Modern and Contemporary Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 当代著名武侠小说家金庸,在1955年到1972年创作了15部武侠小说,他的每一部武侠小说在华人世界中都深受欢迎,其作品之所以如此受读者喜爱,很大程度上在于作品中塑造的众多栩栩如生,脍炙人口,令人印象深刻的人物形象。在金庸小说中不仅有潇洒俊逸的英雄形象和为非作歹的坏人形象,还有众多个性鲜明、诙谐幽默、内涵丰富的疯癫形象,这些疯癫形象在金庸小说中占有独特的地位,他们的文学史价值丝毫不逊于金庸小说中英雄和坏人形象的价值。本文以金庸在小说中塑造的疯癫形象为研究对象,结合疯癫人物的生存环境及过往经历,运用弗洛伊德、弗洛姆、阿德勒等人的心理学理论,以及相关社会学理论分析人物疯癫的原因,从而对金庸武侠小说进行深入探讨,在给予金庸武侠小说恰当评价的基础上,分析出金庸笔下疯癫形象的文学史地位和独特的文学史价值,进而挖掘出金庸在创作这些人物形象时复杂的内心世界。本论文包括绪论、正文、结语三部分。绪论部分简要介绍了本文的研究缘起和金庸小说疯癫形象的研究现状。正文分为三章:第一章,介绍了>疯癫<一词的传统意义和它在各个学科中的学理意义,进而总结出本文所说的>疯癫<一词的意义。通过对古往今来在文学史上出现的有代表意义的疯癫形象进行追溯和分析,去探究金庸小说疯癫形象对此前疯癫形象的继承与发展,总结出金庸小说疯癫形象和俗文学及雅文学中疯癫形象的不同之处,在此基础上阐述本文选择金庸小说疯癫形象作为研究对象的原因。第二章,根据人物疯癫成因把金庸小说中的疯癫形象分为因爱情失意而疯癫、因沉迷复仇而疯癫、因痴迷权名利而疯癫以及无法探究原因的疯癫四类,通过对这四类疯癫形象疯癫的原因进行分析,看到了金庸笔下疯癫人物的可怜可恨之处,看到了疯癫人物的身不由己,看到了疯癫人物隐秘的内心世界,从而展示了通俗小说家金庸对人性深处的深入探究和对人物内心的深刻挖掘。第三章,借各方学者对金庸小说的评价准确定位金庸小说在文学史上的地位,通过对金庸小说中的疯癫形象与其他人物形象进行比较,总结出疯癫形象在金庸小说中的独特地位。最后在对金庸小说疯癫形象进行全面总结的基础上指出疯癫形象在审美、认识、娱乐方面的文学史价值。结语部分总结全文,重申疯癫形象在金庸小说中的独特性和重要性,指出金庸小说在文学史中的地位和价值。 N2 - Contemporary famous martial-arts novelist Jin Yong wrote fifteen novels about swordsmen from 1955 to 1972, his every martial arts novel is very familiar with Chinese, his work is so popular with readers largely due to many lifelike image and impressive figures. In Jin Yong’s novel there is not only elegance and handsome heroic image and evil and bad image, but also madman image with distinct personality, witty humor and rich connotation, the madman image occupies unique place in Jin Yong’s novels, its value is no worse than the value of the image of heroes and villains. This paper takes the madman image in Jin Yong’s novel as research object, combines with the madman’s living environment and life experience, use Freud’s, Fromm’s and Adler’s psychological theory, and the club is related to theory, the author analyzes the reasons why people become mad to explore Jin Yong’s martial arts novels. Based on proper evaluation to Jin Yong’s martial arts novels, the author analyzes the position and value of the madman image and unearthed Jin Yong’s complicated inner world in the process of creation. This thesis includes introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction part briefly introduces the research origin and current research status of madman image. The text is divided into three chapters: in the first chapter, the paper introduces traditional meaning of madness and its theoretical significance in various disciplines, and summarizes the meaning of >madness< Through analyzing and tracing the representative madman image in literature history, the author is to explore succession and development of the previous madman image, sum up the differences between madman image in Jin Yong’s novel and that in literature and elegant literature, and then expound the reason why to choose madman image from Jin Yong’s novels as the research object.– The second chapter, according to the mad reasons, madman image is divided into four kinds, mad for frustrated love, for revenge, for ambition and fame, for unknown cause. Through analyzing the reasons of four kinds of madness, the madman’s pity and disgust and their helplessness can be seen in the paper, and then Jin Yong’s talent of exploring human nature further and taping one’s inner world is shown.– The third chapter, through the scholars pinpoint to the evaluation of Jin Yong’s novels in the history of literature status, the madman image in Jin Yong’s novels is comprised to other characters, it sums up the unique position of the madman image in Jin Yong’s novel. Finally it points out the madman image’s the aesthetic value, cognitive value and entertainment value in literature history on the basis of the comprehensive summary of the madman image.– In conclusion part, the author reiterates uniqueness and importance of the madman image in Jin Yong’s novels and points out the status and value of Jin Yong’s novels in the history of literature. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yan, Xiaoming T1 - A Study on Alienation in >White Noise< by Don DeLillo [唐•德里罗《白噪音》中的异化研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - DeLillo)被认为是20世纪美国当代最杰出的小说家之一,总是被冠以>后现代派小说家<的头衔。自此书发表以来,虽然许多文学评论家都对这本书钟爱有加,但是从异化理论出发的研究为数不多。本文根据西方马克思异化理论以及当代马尔库塞和弗洛姆的异化理论,分别从消费,科技,环境,精神,家庭关系五个方面找出《白噪音》中的异化现象,分析由异化引发的后现代人们在日常生活,人类社会和自然环境中所面临的种种危机,并根据弗洛姆的理论提出了解决异化所带来问题的方案,即回归情感并树立理性的观念来消除异化,以期对当代个人、社会、自然的发展有借鉴意义。本文包括引言和结论共分六部分。第一章引言,分为三部分介绍,第一部分简要介绍了作家德里罗生平,主要作品及相关成就。第二部分为国内外对《白噪音》的相关论述研究及选作这篇论文的理论研究意义。第三部分为这篇论文的结构框架。第二章异化理论,共分为三部分,第一部分介绍异化,第二部分介绍了马克思异化理论的起源与发展,第三部分介绍继马克思之后当代异化理论的发展以及马尔库塞和弗洛姆的理论,从而为本论文的分析研究奠定了理论基础。第三章分别介绍了《白噪音》中几种不同的异化现象,分别是消费异化,科技异化,精神异化,关系异化,自然异化。第四章探讨了小说中异化所映出来的严重后果,主要分为对个人产生的危机,对社会和环境产生的危机两个大方面,具体体现在信任危机,身份危机,对死亡的恐惧,大众媒体的泛滥,环境的污染,表演性暴力,以及人们使用科技时的犹豫。第五章讨论如何走出异化的方案:第一,通过回归人心中的爱,去拯救个人,帮助个体摆脱个人危机;第二,通过建立正确的个人和社会价值导向,让人们有正确的观念特别是理性消费观,理性的环境观念,理性的生产观念,参与到全社会共同应对异化危机的活动中来。第六章结论总结本研究的主要观点。本文根据异化理论,让人们认识到异化现象的普遍存在和异化所带来的一切问题和危机,给出人们走出异化的方法和建议,促进人、社会、自然的可持续发展。 N2 - Don DeLillo (1936-) is considered as one of the most prominent novelists in the twentieth century of America and has always been dubbed as the >postmodern novelist< title. >White Noise< was published in 1985, which is known as the most representative work of American postmodern literature, and wins the National Book Award in the USA. Since the publication of White Noise, a number of scholars and experts began to interpret this novel from different perspectives, but few analyze it from the alienation view. Based on the alienation theories of Marx, Marcuse and Fromm, five alienation phenomena can be found in White Noise, which show that the alienation is common in our life, society and in nature. The alienation phenomena is so common that they push us to analyze the consequences and crises that haunt post-modern and contemporary people, and our society, which includes several aspects, including the trust crisis, the identity crisis, the fear of death, the spread of the mass media,the environment pollution, the violence for performance purpose, and the hesitance for technology. Last but not the least, we propose the solution. Two ways to solve the alienation crises that are discussed in the thesis, establishing the correct value and getting back to love-with the hope that those two solutions could be helpful for the healthy development of humans, society and nature. This thesis consists of 6 chapters. Chapter One is introduction which is divided into 3 parts: first, it introduces Don DeLillo and White Noise; second, it is about the Literature Review on White Noise and the significance of studies; third, the organization of the thesis.– Chapter Two is the theoretical foundations including 3 parts: first is the introduction to alienation; second part is Marx’s alienation theory; the third part is the introduction to modern alienation theories.– Chapter Three is the alienation phenomena in White Noise including consumption alienation, technology alienation, the mental alienation, and the nature alienation.– Chapter Four is the consequences of alienation inducing: first, the crises of humans which consist of the relation crisis, the trust crisis, the identity crisis; second, the social and natural crises which consist of the side effects of mass media, the environment pollution, the violence for performance purpose and the hesitance for technology.– Chapter Five is about the solutions to alienation including: first, returning back to love which includes friends’ love, parental love, affectionate love and self love; second, establishing a rational guidance to value which is made up of developing a rational lifestyle by consumption and leading green and ecological ways of living and producing.– Chapter Six is the conclusion which summarizes the main points of the thesis. Based on the alienation theories, we analyze the alienation phenomena and consequences of alienation, and propose solutions to make a little contribution to the healthy development of humans, society and nature.] [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Wanglei T1 - Discussion on the Value and Application of Fromm's >Sound Social< Thoughts for Construction of Socialist Harmonious Society [论弗洛姆健全社会思想的社会主义和谐社会建设价值及应用], Master thesis, Chinese Marxism Research, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China 2015[application of Fromm's theories to art]. Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Xu, Mei T1 - >True-self< in Return under the >None-self< Circumstances – A Study on the Subject of Misery in Coleen McCullough's Novels [>非我<境遇下的>真我<返归 – 考琳•麦卡洛小说中的苦难主题研究], Doctoral dissertation, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei, China 2013 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 考琳•麦卡洛(Colleen McCullough,1937.6-2015.1)曾被誉为>澳大利亚活着的国宝<,是澳大利亚当代最具影响力的作家之一。从其对个人创伤性成长经历的感悟及其作品表达的共同主题来看,考琳•麦卡洛是一位悲苦意识浓重的作家。灰暗的童年、窘迫的经济状况、作为女性被边缘化的处境、澳大利亚的民族苦难、二次世界大战和冷战的阴影等,都让考琳•麦卡洛在小说创作过程中无法忽视对苦难的关注。她作品中的人物普遍面临各种困境,备受>非我<之痛。由于考琳•麦卡洛对苦难的书写整合了个体家庭创伤、社会文化创伤和民族创伤,因此,其作品中的苦难具有一定的代表性,对考琳•麦卡洛小说中的苦难主题进行研究,具有较高的思想价值和较强的现实意义。论文采用文本细读和理论阐释相结合的方法,使用创伤理论、艾里希•弗洛姆关于爱和自我寻求的理论、拉康的镜像论、福柯关于凝视的论述、悲剧净化说等,对考琳•麦卡洛小说中的苦难主题进行多角度、全方位的研究,发掘考琳•麦卡洛的小说对苦难书写所具有的社会学价值和艺术审美价值。论文分为绪论、正文、结语三个模块。绪论部分主要对考琳•麦卡洛其人、其作和对其作品的研究现状进行了概述,阐明了论文的选题依据、研究方法、研究内容和主要创新点等。正文部分由第2至第7章组成,按照>经历苦难<、>呈现苦难<、>追问苦难<、>直面苦难<、>超越苦难<、>审视苦难<的顺序,采用层层递进的方式,分析了考琳•麦卡洛的创伤性体验与苦难书写的关系及其苦难意识的特点,剖析了考琳•麦卡洛小说中的>非我<境遇及>非我<之痛,探讨了考琳•麦卡洛对苦难根源进行的追问及其价值,探析了考琳•麦卡洛对苦难中的拯救问题的思考及现实意义,审视了考琳•麦卡洛作品中呈现出的>真我返归<理想及其中蕴含的人文情怀,挖掘了考琳•麦卡洛小说关于苦难书写的审美价值。结语部分对论文整体写作情况进行总结,阐明了论文写作的创新点和意义所在,指出了论文写作存在的不足和有待提升的空间。 N2 - Colleen McCullough (1937.6-2015.1), praised as >the living national treasure of Australia<, is one of the most influential writers in contemporary Australia. Colleen McCullough is a writer with misery consciousness, which can be seen from her individual apperception on growing up with traumatic experience and the common theme in her novels. All these such as gloomy childhood, distress of economy, marginalized position as a woman, national suffering of Australia, the shadow of two world wars and the cold war make it impossible for Colleen McCullough to ignore the sufferings in the process of her novel creation. The characters in her novels generally face various difficulties, and bear the pain of >none-self<. Colleen McCullough takes an integration of the individual family trauma, social culture trauma and national trauma in her suffering writing, therefore the suffering of her novels has certain representativeness. Study on the suffering theme of her novels has high ideological value and strong practical significance. Adopting the method of combination of text close reading and theoretical explanation, and adopting the theory of trauma, Erich Fromm’s theory about love and self seeking, Lacan’s theory of mirror phase, Foucault’s discussion about gaze, and the doctrine of tragedy purification, the thesis has studied the suffering theme of Colleen McCullough’s novels with a full range of research on multi angles. Sociology value and aesthetic value of art about the suffering writing in Colleen McCullough’s novels has been explored. The thesis is divided into three modules of introduction, body and conclusion. The introduction mainly summarizes Colleen McCullough herself, her novels and the research status of her novels, and illuminates selected topic basis of the paper, research methods, research contents and main innovation points, etc. The body part is composed of chapter 2 to 7 in the order of >undergoing suffering<, >presenting suffering<, >questioning suffering<, >facing suffering<, >surmounting suffering<, >surveying suffering<. With the method of progressive transformation, the relationship between Colleen McCullough’s traumatic experience and suffering writing and the characteristics of the suffering consciousness has been analyzed, and >none-self< situation and >none-self< pain of Colleen McCullough’s novels has been dissected, and >non-self<, and Colleen McCullough’s mining of suffering root and her uniqueness has been discussed, and Colleen McCullough’s thinking about the questions of suffering saving and its practical significance has been explored, and ideality of >true-self in return< presenting in Colleen McCullough’s novels and its humanistic feelings has been surveyed, and the aesthetic value of suffering writing in Colleen McCullough’s novels has been excavated. The conclusion summarizes the overall situation of the thesis, illustrates the innovation points and significance, and points out the deficiencies in thesis writing and the space for improvement.] [Author's translation] Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Dandan T1 - Research of Iris Murdoch’s Novel >The Black Prince< from the Perspective of Psychoanalysis [精神分析学视野下的默多克小说《黑王子》研究], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 2015 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 艾丽丝•默多克(Iris Murdoch,1919-1999)是当代英国著名的小说家、哲学家。她的作品具有极强的故事性以及深刻的道德哲学思想。在她的二十六部小说中,创作于20世纪70年代的《黑王子》是较为重要的一部,其独特的叙事结构和深邃隐晦的哲理得到了学者的广泛探讨。本文在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,运用精神分析理论分析作品中人物间的施虐与受虐特征及其心理根源,以及人物之间施虐与受虐关系的转换,探讨默多克本人的道德哲学思想。本论文共分为五部分:第一章绪论部分叙述了国内外对默多克创作及其《黑王子》这部小说的研究现状,梳理了施虐与受虐理论在心理学上的发展脉络,陈述了与本文相关的埃利希•弗洛姆、西蒙•弗洛伊德、阿尔弗雷德•阿德勒的理论观点,最后对小说人物关系作了简要概括。第二章从施虐者入手,分析小说两个主要人物阿诺尔德与其好友布拉德利的施虐表现和根源,指出阿诺尔德是行为的施虐者,其在施虐心理和支配欲望的作用下对妻子长期施以家庭暴力,而布拉德利则是言语的施虐者,因逃避和自卑心理冷漠对待他人。第三章从受虐者角度出发,通过分析蕾切尔、普丽西娜和弗朗西斯三个人的不同的受虐表现和根源,指出前两者因内在的软弱性以及缺乏自我独立意识,导致她们在面对残酷的施虐时,一个默默忍受,一个走向了毁灭,而身为同性恋的弗朗西斯成为了受虐倒错者,企图在受虐的享受中寻找自我的存在感和安全感。第四章讨论小说中人物的施虐与受虐角色的转换,布拉德利因对朱莉安的自私的爱而沦为了受虐者,蕾切尔因不堪忍受丈夫的暴力和背叛而杀死了丈夫阿诺尔德,从原先的受虐者转变成了施虐者。最后一章结语部分总结上文,指出默多克笔下人与人,尤其是两性之间的相处困境,通过对小说结局的分析得出结论,真诚的爱才是走出人际交往困境的重要途径。 N2 - Iris Murdoch (1919–1999) is a well-known contemporary English woman writer and philosopher, whose writing has strong narrative and profound moral philosophy meanings. >The Black Prince< written in the 1970s is very important among her twenty-six novels. It has been widely discussed by a lot of scholars on its unique narrative structure and deep philosophic spirit. This thesis will analyze the sadism and masochism relationship, its transformation and reason between different characters with psychoanalytic theory on the basis of previous researches, hoping to explore the moral philosophy of Iris Murdoch. This thesis consists of five parts. The first part summarizes previous researches of Iris Murdoch and >The Black Prince<, combs the development process of sadism and masochism theory in psychology, states the theory of Erich Fromm, Simon Freud, Alfred Adler related to my research, and at last briefly summarizes relationship between characters of the novel. The second part concentrates on the sadists. Through the analysis of Arnold and Bradley’s sadistic manifestation and reason, I think that Arnold is a sadist of behavior, his sadistic psychology causes family violence to his wife, and Bradley is a verbal sadist, he treats others indifferently because of his avoidance and inferiority.– The third part explains the masochists who are Rachel, Priscilla and Francis. As women, Rachel and Priscilla’s inherent weakness and the lack of consciousness of independence cause their suffering and Priscilla’s death when facing cruel torture. As a homosexual, Francis becomes masochism inversion and he tries to find the existence and security feelings from the enjoyment of masochism.– The fourth part focuses on the characters’ identity transformation in this novel. Bradley becomes a masochist because of his selfish love to Julian, and Rachel becomes a sadist under the unbearable violence and betray at the end of the novel.– The last part summarizes the above analysis, points out the communication dilemma between people, and make a conclusion that sincere love is an important way out of interpersonal distress. [Author’s translation] Y1 - 2015 ER -