TY - GEN A1 - Cao, Yuchang T1 - Fromm’s Human Development Theory [弗洛姆个人发展理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 2007. N2 - Erich Fromm’s attention to human being is mainly from his deep Judaic family and education background; Freud’s psychoanalysis gives him a microcosmic angle on observing human being; while Marxian historical materialism lets him learn to inspect human being’s development in open and dynamic society. The ideal that Fromm develops about individual is to cultivate the >newcomer< on the basis of positive liberty and critique reason, who owns the productive character and the mode of being. However, besides existing survival contradiction, modern capitalist society is a null-condition society in which capitalist’s objective is to pursue the profit as possible as they can. In the society, the ruling class expands the capitalism ideological form to any human being’s survival corners with the help of the intermediary in social character and unconscious. Their aim is to transfer the modernist to a productive, consumptive, obedient, jointly enjoyable, unanimous >machine<.– Fromm refuses to take the defilade in people’s real nature. He sets off from society approach and ethics approach on the basis of analyzing, criticizing capitalist system, exploring various conditions which are helpful to individual development: the country should provide personal income that guarantees dignity; the production should be from disorder individual production to social production; the education should be developed in scientific spirit and humanity spirit, which are of equal importance; we can draw support from the psychoanalysis method and cultivate the loving ability. Fromm’s theory of personal development inherits and creatively interprets Marx’s free all-round development theory about human being, which shows the human being’s survival value, expressing the viewpoint to rescue human nature to reform society and perfect human being, which is of great significance in using for reference to the country and individual that are in the turning period. It is undeniable that Fromm’s theory has also some limits: he exaggerates the importance of >The Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844<, cuts apart human being’s instrument and teleological character, also ignores the decisive effect of practicing to human being’s nature. N2 - 弗洛姆对人的关注主要源于他浓厚的犹太家庭背景和教育背景;弗洛伊德的精神分析学给予他一个微观观察人类的视角;马克思的唯物史观则让他学会在开放、动态的社会发展中考察人的发展问题。弗洛姆关于个人发展的理想是要培育建立在积极自由、批判理性基础之上的拥有生产性性格和存在的生存方式的>新人<。然而,由于人类存在不可克服的生存矛盾,现代资本主义社会又是以最大限度追求利润为其主要目的的病态社会,在这样的社会中,统治阶级借助社会性格和社会无意识的中介,把资本主义的意识形态扩展到任何一个人类生存的角落,有目的地把现代人改造成生产、消费、顺从、共同享乐、步调一致的>机器<。弗洛姆不甘于人的真正本性的遮蔽,在分析、批判资本主义制度的基础上,从社会和伦理途径出发,积极寻求有利个人发展的各种条件,具体包括国家必须提供保证尊严的个人收入;生产应由无序的个人生产向社会生产过渡;教育应该是科学精神与人文精神并重;要借助精神分析的方法以及培育爱的能力。弗洛姆的个人发展理论传承并创造性地诠释了马克思关于人的自由全面发展理论,凸显了人的生存价值,清晰地表达了拯救人性以改造社会和完善人类的观点,这对于正处于转型时期的国家和个人来说,都具有重要的借鉴意义。不可否认,弗洛姆的理论具有局限性:夸大了马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的重要性,割裂了人的工具性与目的性的关系,忽视了实践对人的本质的决定性作用。 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Can, Russell B. T1 - News From the Field, edited by Matthew Tolchin JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 669-676. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bucca, Maurizio T1 - The Clinical Thinking of Bion and the Art of the Zen Garden (Ryoan-ji) JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 659-668. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brookes, Crittenden E. T1 - Amplification of the Concept of Erroneous Meaning in Psychodynamic Science and in the Consulting Room JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 417-430. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brockman, Richard T1 - Freud, Darwin, and the Holding Environment JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 127-136. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bemporad, Jules R. T1 - Film Review: The Painted Veil JF - The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 35 (2007), pp. 677-680. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Barancai, Luciana-Maria T1 - Humane und autoritäre Ethik von Erich Fromm, Diplomarbeit, Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten, Weingarten 2007 Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anonymus-2007b, T1 - Psychologist’s Erich Fromm Interpretation of Dreams [心理学家弗洛姆释梦] JF - Campus Life & Mental Health [校园心理], No. 8 (2007), p. 27. N2 - 心理学家弗洛姆曾分析过这样一个梦:>我坐在一辆停在高山脚下的汽车里,该处有一条通到山顶的狭窄而特别陡峭的路。我犹豫着是否该开上去,因为路看来很危险,但是一个站在汽车旁边的人叫我开过去并不必畏惧。我决定遵从他的劝告。于是我开上去,路越来越危险,已没有办法使汽车停止,因为那里不能回头。当我接近顶峰时,引擎突然停止,刹车失灵,于是汽车向后滑回去,并坠向万丈悬崖!我很恐怖地惊醒过来。< N2 - Psychologist Erich Fromm has analyzed over a dream: >I sat in the car parked in the high mountains at the foot of the car, there is a pass to the top of the mountain is narrow and especially steep road. I hesitated whether to open up the road seems very dangerous, but a man standing beside the car told me to open the past and do not have to fear, I decided to follow his advice. so I opened up, the road is getting more dangerous, and has there is no way to make the car stop, because there is no turning back when I was close to capacity, the engine suddenly stopped, brake failure, so the car backward slide back and hurtled cliff! I woke up in terror.< [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anonymus-2007a, T1 - Fromm's View of Freud – A Tragic Figure Full of Contradictions [弗洛姆眼中的弗洛伊德——一个充满矛盾的悲剧人物] JF - Campus Life & Mental Health [校园心理], No. 3 (2007), pp. 34-35. N2 - 埃利希•弗洛姆和弗洛伊德都是知名度相当高而且对现代人精神生活影响相当大的代表人物。弗洛伊德创立了精神分析学说,自他之后,只要人们谈到心理学,谈到心理治疗,就无法撇开他。而弗洛姆是20世纪著名的心理学家、社会家和哲学家,人本主义精神分析学说的创始人。在心理学中,他是精神分析社会文化学派的代表人物和集大成者 N2 - Erich Fromm and Freud are very high profile and influence of the modern spiritual life quite representative. Freud founded the psychoanalytic theory, since after him, as long as people talk about psychology, comes to psychotherapy, he cannot be put aside. And Fromm is famous 20th century psychologist, social and philosopher, humanist doctrine of the founder of psychoanalysis. In psychology, he is a spiritual analysis of social and cultural school representatives and synthesizer. [automatic translation] Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Andresen, Knut T1 - Widerspruch als Lebensprinzip. Der undogmatische Sozialist Heinz Brandt (1909-1986), Bonn (Dietz Verlag) 2007, 375 S. N2 - In einer analytisch-sozialpsychologischen Pilotstudie werden psychische Tiefenstrukturen als moegliche Erklaerung fuer die Schwierigkeiten des Zusammenwachsens der Deutschen nach der Wiedervereinigung untersucht. Unter Rueckgriff auf die Charaktertypologie und die sozialpsychologische Methodik Erich FROMMs werden die charakterologischen Auswirkungen der je verschiedenen wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlich-politischen Lebenspraxis in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik analysiert. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, dass der Gesellschafts-Charakter unter veraenderten gesellschaftlichen Verhaeltnissen zunaechst noch erhalten bleibt. Anhand eines eigens erarbeiteten interpretativen Fragebogens wurden mit jeweils 15 LehrerInnen von ost- und westdeutschen Grundschulen Tiefeninterviews durchgefuehrt, in denen gezielt nach den das Verhalten motivierenden Charakterstrukturen gefragt wurde. Die Auswertung erfolgte in Gruppen, wobei auch die Uebertragungs- und Gegenuebertragungswahrnehmungen als analytisches Erkenntnisinstrument eine wesentliche Rolle spielten. Der Vergleich der psychischen Tiefenstruktur von ost- und westdeutschen GrundschullehrerInnen ergab deutliche Unterschiede in den dominanten Orientierungen des Gesellschaftscharakters. Es zeigte sich, dass im Osten weiterhin autoritaere Orientierungen vorherrschen, waehrend westdeutsche LehrerInnen eher marketing- oder narzisstisch orientiert sind und insgesamt ein breiteres Spektrum an Orientierungen aufweisen. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich ihrer Relevanz fuer die innere Einheit Deutschlands diskutiert, und es wird auf moegliche Anstoesse zur Weiterentwicklung der Theorie vom Gesellschaftscharakter und der qualitativen Methoden einer psychoanalytischen Sozialforschung hingewiesen. Y1 - 2007 ER -