TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Understanding Social Motivation for Encouraging Children’s Development. Social Character Studies in Mexico JF - R. Funk and N. McLaughlin (Eds.), Towards a Human Science. The Relevance of Erich Fromm for Today, Giessen (Psychosozial-Verlag) 2015, pp. 1499-158. N2 - A group of psychoanalysts led the Seminario de Sociopsicoanálisis to broaden their clinical perspective gained through working with patients in the setting of a private practice. In this paper we describe participatory action research initiated by a community. We started by interviewing impoverished and economically disadvantaged children, first from a miner's village and later on from a center for children living in the streets. A study on Attachment and Social Character of mothers and children as well as the systematic appraisal of the unconscious motivations in the individual's responses to the Social Interpretative Questionnaire are presented. We strive to bring the findings of our social character studies back to the communities themselves. Our purpose is to support or foster possibilities for initiating participatory community-based action projects, aimed at transforming the quality of life and to confront the difficulties and obstacles that emerge on the path to change; furthermore we hope that our research will help to stimulate the development of childcare health policies. Y1 - 2015 UR - http://www.psychosozial-verlag.de/catalog/product_info.php/products_id/2535/CATALOGSSID/8c52oh5o77t4cs3r5m2r2722j4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Un Modelo de Sistema Autoritario. Estudio Socipsicoanalítico JF - Memorias, ed. by Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana, Vol. I, México (Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis) 1980, pp. 609-620. Y1 - 1980 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Tres Pintores, Tres Caracteres JF - Memorias, ed. by Sociedad Psicoanalítica Mexicana, Vol. I, México (Instituto Mexicano de Psicoanalisis) 1980, pp. 397-410. Y1 - 1980 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - Travestismo, un sustituto mecánico JF - A. Aramoni (Ed.), Cuatro neurosis en busca de argumento. La praxis psicoanálitica, México (Siglo XXI) 1983, pp. 160-182. Y1 - 1983 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The White God Quetzalcoatl Visits the Acropolis Paper presented at the 8th. Forum of the IFPS in Athens, May 15-18, 1996, 15 pp. (Typoscript). Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The Weekly Clinical Group Supervision Chaired by Erich Fromm Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 p. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia T1 - The Weekly Clinical Group Supervision Chaired by Erich Fromm Paper presented at the International Conference on >Erich Fromm – Psychoanalyst and Supervisor<, Ascona April 4-5, 1997, Typoscript, 15 p. Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The Third World and the Social Character JF - Wissenschaft vom Menschen / Science of Man. Jahrbuch der Internationalen Erich Fromm-Gesellschaft, Münster (Lit-Verlag) 1992, pp. 57-68. [= Millán, S., 1991a] N2 - >Die Dritte Welt und der Gesellschafts-Charakter<: Die von Erich Fromm aufgestellte Theorie des Gesellschafts-Charakters gibt uns die Möglichkeit, uns die emotionalen Prozesse zu erklären, die sich in den Individuen im Verlauf des sozialen Anpassungsprozesses entwickeln und verändern. Nach Fromms Schema, das von den sozialen Strukturen ausgeht, ist der Gesellschafts-Charakter zwischen der ökonomischen Basis und den Ideen angesiedelt. Wenn man in Rechnung stellt, dass die sozio-ökonomischen Faktoren den Charakter beeinflussen und determinieren, kann man nicht von einem gleichartigen Charakter in der Ersten und der Dritten Welt sprechen – Differenzen, die in empirischen Studien aufgewiesen wurden, haben das gezeigt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Dynamik des Geschlechterkampfes geschildert, der nicht nur für die Dritte Welt zu gelten scheint. Die Studien zum Gesellschafts- Charakter haben unterschiedliche Charaktertypen beschrieben; in diesem Text werden Charaktertypen dargestellt, die bei führenden Persönlichkeiten in einer mexikanischen Provinzgemeinde angetroffen wurden. Ebenso werden einige theoretische Aspekte untersucht, wie z.B. der Einfluss der sozio-ökonomischen Bedingungen, das kapitalistische Modell und der Zusammenbruch der totalitären Regime in den Ländern des Ostens. Schließlich erfolgt eine kurze Zusammenfassung des praktischen sozialpsychoanalytischen Prozesses, im Anschluss an eine methodologische Studie, die der Anwendung des interpretativen Fragebogens in der erwähnten Provinzgemeinde voraufging. N2 - >Il terzo mondo e il carattere sociale<: La teoria del carattere sociale elaborata da Erich Fromm ci dà la possibilità di spiegare i processi emotivi che si sviluppano e si modificano negli individui nel corso dei processi di adattamento sociale. Secondo lo schema di Fromm, che parte dalle strutture sociali, il carattere sociale si colloca tra la base economica e le idee. Quando si tiene conto che i fattori socioeconomici influenzano e determinano il carattere, non si può parlare di un carattere simile nel primo e nel terzo mondo. Ciò è stato dimostrato dalle differenze rilevate negli studi empirici. In questo lavoro viene descritta la dinamica della lotta tra i sessi, che non sembra valere soltanto per il terzo mondo. Gli studi sul carattere sociale hanno descritto tipi di carattere distinguibili; in questo testo vengono presentati dei tipi di carattere trovati in personalità preminenti di un’amministrazione provinciale messicana. Vengono anche esaminati alcuni aspetti teorici, come per esempio l’influsso delle condizioni socioeconomiche, il modello capitalistico e il crollo dei regimi totalitari nei paesi dell’Est. Segue infine un breve riassunto del processo sociopsicoanalitico pratico, dopo uno studio metodologico che ha preceduto l’applicazione del questionario interpretativo nell’amministrazione provinciale già menzionata. N2 - >El tercer mundo y el carácter social<: La teoría del carácter social propuesta por Erich Fromm nos permite explicarnos los fenomenos emocionales que se dan y fluctúan en los individuos durante los procesos de adaptación social. La misma estaría colocada entre la base económica y las ideas, esquema que describe a las estructuras sociales. Tomando en cuenta que los factores socioeconómicos influyen y determinan el carácter, no se puede hablar de uno mismo para el primer mundo o para el tercer mundo, las diferencias encontradas en los estudios empíricos lo han demostrado. Se describe la dinámica de la lucha entre sexos que parece vigente no solo para el tercer mundo. Los estudios del carácter social han descrito tipos de carácter y en el texto se describen los encontrados en la modalidad de Líderes en una comunidad de provincia del estado de Hidalgo. Tambien algunos aspectos teóricos de las influencias socioeconómicas, el modelo capitalista y el >fracaso< totalitario de los paises del este. Por último una breve reseña de los procesos de la práctica sociopsicoanalítica derivada de un estudio metodológico previo con el cuestionario interpretativo, en dicha comunidad de provincia. T3 - Yearbook / Jahrbuch (1990-1995) - w03/1992f Y1 - 1992 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The Social Dimensions of Transference JF - M. Cortina and M. Maccoby (Eds.), A Prophetic Analyst. Erich Fromm's Contribution to Psychoanalysis, Nothvale and London (Jason Aronson Inc.) 1996, pp. 325-340. N2 - Salvador Millán's main thesis is that social character--the way patients and therapists internalize the values, cultural beliefs, and class structure of their society--is always present in the consulting room and often becomes manifest as transfer-ence and counter-transference reactions. Indeed, according to Millán, transference and countertransference are just another name for developmental processes of so-cial adaptation as it be-comes expressed in a particular relationship between an analyst and his/her patient. Millán takes us through the origin of the concept of transference in Freud, with its patriarchal and authoritarian overtones, to its classical definition in Fenichel's work. With its surgical metaphors, Fenichel crystallized an approach to technique and the handling of the transference. Analytical technique re-quired a neutral and detached observant role, with precise interpretations directed at the psyche, similar to a surgeon's skilled incisions into the patient's body. Millán compares this approach with the guidance Fromm offered to the students of the Mexican Psychoanalytic Institute during supervision and in his seminars in Cuer-navaca during the 1960s. Fromm's point of departure was like Freud's. Transference has to do with the experience of infancy that is repeated in the presence of the ana-lyst. Fromm (1968) thought that this definition of transference, while true, was lim-ited, since it took into account only one source of irrational strivings based on infan-tile longings. However, if one looked at transference as an experience in which the patient deposits in the person of the analyst the origin of >all of his expectations and fears,< (p. 2) a much broader range of transferential reactions is taken into consid-eration. Some of these reactions may be traced to parental influence. Others may have origins that are broadly social, in which the parents' influence is based on be-ing representatives of societal norms, or parental roles may even be irrelevant. In this definition, transference is not just based on childhood experience, but repre-sents the whole experience of the patient's life. Millán points out that one of the limi-tations of psychoanalysis is that it is primarily based on the experience of working with clinical populations. Millán briefly reviews a series of social character studies that have been conducted in the last two decades in factories, in corporate environ-ments, and in rural communities with normal populations, and that have broadened our understanding of the process of social adaptation beyond the consulting room. According to Millán, these studies provide support for Fromm's more inclusive con-cept of transference. Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gojman de Millán, Sonia A1 - Millán, Salvador T1 - The Legacy of Fromm in Mexico JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press) Vol. 9 (No. 3-4, October 2000) pp. 207-215 Y1 - 2000 ER -