TY - GEN A1 - Zuo, Heting T1 - Difficulties and Persistence of Teachers’ Career in Remote Mountainous Areas – A Narrative Study of Teachers at F Middle School, Master thesis, Secondary Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2022. N2 - With the continuous improvement of the state’s attention to teachers in remote mountain areas, the consolidation of poverty alleviation and the promotion of rural revitalization, the quality of life of teachers still needs attention and improvement. Teachers’ career development is related to teachers’ quality, which directly affects the improvement of education quality in remote mountainous areas. Due to the dynamic, developmental and original nature of teachers’ career, this study adopts the method of narrative research, aiming to pay attention to the overall quality of life of teachers. Through the overall observation of the teachers of F middle school in Fugong County, remote mountain area, this study selects three typical teachers in three stages as the research objects to carry out case studies, mainly narrative research, supplemented by generic analysis. Combined with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, Fromm’s survival situation research theory, and the dynamic model of teachers’ career development as the theoretical basis, each teacher’s career takes the typical and critical stories that occur in chronological order as the vertical axis, and takes the three dimensions of material life, career development and spiritual life as the horizontal axis, outlines the current situation of the three teachers’ career in the horizontal and vertical crisscross, and summarizes the existing difficulties, On this basis, combined with theoretical analysis of the reasons for hardship and persistence, and finally make a reflection. The study found that the three teachers in the three stages were in three states: rejection of professional identity, compromise under the action of multiple factors, and attribution of educational beliefs. The three states are a process of development. According to the research results, the structural logic diagram of the difficulties and persistence of teachers’ career in remote mountain areas is constructed. Difficulties are mainly manifested in: material life cannot meet the growing material needs, low professional identity in career development, the restriction of self–development in remote mountainous environment, and spiritual dissociation. The reasons for persistence include: lack of professional ability and sense of security, persistence under weighing the pros and cons; the improvement of professional ability and the support of professional achievement; the original intention does not change, the support of educational belief. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Zubke, Friedhelm T1 - Pädagogik der Hoffnung, Würzburg (Königshausen und Neumann) 1996, 212 pp., deutsch. [ISBN 978-3-8260-1196-1] N2 - Der Autor wendet sich dem Thema Hoffnung in der Pädagogik zu und begründet, daß die Hoffnungsthematik durch die Pädagogik zurückliegend vernachlässigt wurde. Andere Wissenschaften, vor allem die Theologie und die Philosophie, haben eine Tradition des Nachdenkens über den Begriff Hoffnung entwickelt. Da pädagogisches Denken stets über die eigene Gegenwart hinaus auf die zu gestaltende Zukunft weist, fiele der Pädagogik die Aufgabe zu, Utopie, Hoffnung, veränderbar gedachte Zukunft reflexiv vorzubereiten. In dem Versuch, >Pädagogik der Hoffnung< zu begründen, wird folgendes methodisches Vorgehen gewählt: Im ersten Kapitel wird eine Ästhetik der Hoffnung beschrieben - als Kategorie menschlichen Lebens - zwischen den Extremen Gelingen und Scheitern - als Gegenbegriff zu Furcht und Verzweiflung - in eigener Kultur neu entdecken - Hoffnungsmotiv in der Kunst. Das zweite Kapitel beschreibt die Philosophie der Hoffnung an Schriften von Kant, Marcel, Bloch und Fromm. Im dritten Kapitel werden Anregungen aus der Theologie der Hoffnung abgeleitet. Im vierten Kapitel wird der Begriff Utopie aufgegriffen - in seiner Bedeutungsvielfalt - historischer Rückblick - als Gesellschaftsentwurf - Utopisches Potential in der Pädagogik. Im fünften Kapitel wird an drei Themenbereichen die Umsetzung einer Pädagogik der Hoffnung dargestellt: 1. Sisyphos als Symbol für pädagogische Arbeit, 2. Prinzip Ethik als tragende Kategorie von Elternschaft, 3. Freundschaft als sinnstiftende Kategorie von Menschlichkeit. [DIPF/Ko.] Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhuang, Jinye T1 - The Role of Personality Charm in the Teaching of Ideological and Political Courses [人格魅力在思想政治课教学中的作用] JF - Journal of Fujian Institute of Education [福建教育学院学报], No. 8 (2002), pp. 22-23. N2 - 什么是人格?美国人文主义哲学家埃里希·弗洛姆指出,人格是人先天禀赋和后天获得的真正构成一个人特征的,从而使个人与他人区别开来的各种心理特质的总和。也就是说是个人的品格,是个人价值和品质的总和,它既有先天性的气质,更主要的是后天形成的,是人们受后天社会环境和教育的影响,经过个人后天的努力与实践,不断沉积的一种内在的品质。作为政治教师的人格魅力是一种非权力性的力量,是基于政治教师的高尚人格与学生建立起来的一种感情的力量并由这种力量形成的教师威信,是思想道德、学识能力、工作作风的综合体现。哲学家黑格尔曾说:>人格无条件也具有真理性。<在教育中 … N2 - What is personality? American humanist philosopher Erich Fromm pointed out that personality is the sum of various psychological traits that are innate and acquired by a person, which truly constitute a person's characteristics and distinguish the individual from others. In other words, it is a person's character, the sum of personal values and qualities. It has both innate temperament and more importantly, it is formed after birth. It is an internal quality that people are influenced by the acquired social environment and education, and is continuously accumulated through personal efforts and practice after birth. The personality charm of a political teacher is a non-power force. It is a kind of emotional power established between the noble personality of the political teacher and the students, and the teacher's prestige is formed by this power. It is a comprehensive reflection of ideological morality, knowledge and ability, and work style. Philosopher Hegel once said: >Personality is unconditional and true.< In education … [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Xiaoyu T1 - A Study of Alienation Dilemma in >Everything I Never Told You< from the Perspective of Humanism, Master thesis, World Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Celeste Ng is one of the important Chinese American writers in American society, who becomes very popular at home and abroad with the publication of her first novel >Everything I Never Told You<. Ng’s works focus on the living conditions of ethnic minorities and marginal people in society. Her writing style is mild and restrained, and she explores the relationship between people with a trivial story pattern. >Everything I Never Told You< tells the living dilemma of an Asian mixed-race family through the trivial things in daily life. This thesis mainly takes Fromm’s humanism as the breakthrough point to deeply analyze the alienation performance of the protagonists in >Everything I Never Told You<, its causes and ways of salvation, and points out the pressure and challenges people face in modern society. As a representative of the Frankfurt School, Fromm reveals the universal alienation phenomenon in a capitalist society and researches this problem. His analysis expresses his concern and cogitation on the plight of human alienation. This thesis examines the alienation and suffering of the James’ through humanistic thought and strives to find a way out in the alienated world. This thesis consists of three parts: introduction, main body, and conclusion. The first part is the introduction. This part mainly includes the introduction of Celeste Ng and her work >Everything I Never Told You< and the research review at home and abroad, and points out the purpose and significance of analyzing the works from the perspective of Fromm’s humanism. The second part is the main body. The main part of the thesis consists three chapters: The first chapter analyzes the performance of the alienation dilemma. Firstly, the protagonists become marginal. In social life, James and Lydia are difficult integrating into society as Asians; in family, Marilyn’s demands are ignored by family members, and Nath and Hannah are ignored by their parents. Secondly, people are trapped into self-contradiction. Marine falls into the contradiction between self-potential and short life, and Lydia is in the contradiction between life and death. Finally, the protagonists all become silent subordinates. Lydia has no courage to rebel her parents, and James and Marilyn follows the rules of society. These performances belong to the alienation of the relationship between man and man, man and society, and man and himself. The second chapter analyzes the reasons for the alienation dilemma. There are two main reasons for the alienation dilemma: family reasons and social reasons. The disharmony between husband and wife, the unbalanced love of parents for their children, and the estrangement between siblings constitute a complex family relationship. James, who lives in a white society as an Asian, has never been able to integrate into the white society truly. Although Marilyn is a white woman, she is still oppressed and discriminated against in terms of gender. These social discriminations also affect the alienation of characters. The third chapter analyzes the salvation ways of alienation dilemma. The broken family finally recognizes the reality and directly faces Lydia’s death. Then they build personal subjectivity and overcome obstacles through the love between family members, and then the family is out of alienation dilemma. Fromm believes that love is an effective way of treating human dilemmas. At the same time, people can enrich their existence value and achieve spiritual integrity by giving love. The last part is the conclusion. This part summarizes the above discussion and finds the way of salvation through the analysis of alienation embodiments and causes. It hopes to arouse people’s deep attention to the alienation dilemma of human existence in contemporary society, deepen people’s self-identity cognition and thinking about the harmonious relationship between family and society. It also provides reference for other inter-racial families to solve the problems of family conflict, children relationship, social discrimination and so on. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhou, Suzhen T1 - The Survival Predicament of >the Beat Generation< – A Study of >On the Road< from the Perspective of Alienation, Master thesis, World Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] As one of the representative figures in the Beat Generation, Jack Kerouac presents a real and detailed life of the group in his semi-autobiographical novel >On the Road<. The uninhibited lifestyle of the young people and their desire for freedom profoundly reveal their perdue fear and discomposure beneath the social prosperity and stabilization in America after World War II. The rebellious behavior of the characters in the novel is a way for them to promote individuality and express their true feelings, which reflects their suppressed anger and anxiety. Because this group have been marginalized and stifled by dominant culture, they attempt to explore new lifestyles and values about human beings. With the theory of alienation by Fromm, this thesis aims to interpret the social reasons why the people who persistently pursue independence and freedom end up succumbing to secular discipline. Although this sub-cultural group oppose to the suppression of the society, they all choose to compromise with the community they have revolted. It is argued that the cause of their final choice of life is the highly-institutionalized mechanical civilization which condenses humans’ space for personal survival and development. The alienation of labor resulting from mechanization alienated people’s psychology, which leads to alienation of freedom and love. The commodities and prosperity in modern society do not bring about real meaning to them. On the contrary, the illusory happiness beguiles them into instant gratification to such an extent that they abnegate spiritual independence unconsciously. The three chapters of the thesis expound the contradictory behaviors of the main characters in the novel from the aspects of alienation of freedom, love and labor, aiming to clarify the source of their psychological alienation. According to the analysis of the thesis, it is argued that the alienation of labor emerging along with the development of capitalism is the main cause of psychological alienation and the suppressive social environment leads to rebellion of the youth. While as individual resistance and spiritual pursuit are not capable to resist mighty social discipline, they are doomed to compromise with the society. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhao, Yaning T1 - A Study on Family Critical Theory of Frankfurt School, Doctoral dissertation, Philosophy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Frankfurt School is a Western Marxist School formed around the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, which is famous for social critical theory. Social critical theory carries on the traditional thoughts and fundamental spirits of Marxist, and integrates the social sciences including economics, politics, sociology, history, anthropology and psychology in new historical conditions, to inspect, analyze and criticize the developed capitalist society in a specific and historical way, and express ideas of future society that is more rational, more democratic, more just and freer. The issue of >Family< is an important component and strong support for social critical theory of Frankfurt School. The thematic study for family critical theory is able to clarify the core essence and substantive concern of social critical theory further. Frankfurt School’s family critical theory is a derivative of the specific context on the times, generating in the social reality on highly authoritarian German under the Nazi regime, the technology controlled American under the guise of advanced industrial civilization, and the families and women’s situation in Soviet Union during the Stalin period. And evolving in the diachronic innovation of capitalism on the dual social effects of science and technology by the use of capitalistic condition, the rethinking about social normative issues by the completion of the state’s political functions, and the mass spiritual trauma by the culture controlled of bourgeois. It is also a symbiotic product of the intersection on multiple thoughts, enlightening in Marx’s humanistic critical concepts, early Western Marxist founders’ principles on revolutionary practice and ideo­logy, sociological theory of Weber’s modernistic criticism with >rationalization< as the core, social philosophi­cal theory of Heidegger’s existential based on the analysis of daily life, and psychological theories of Freud’s psychoanalysis and Mead’s social behaviorist psychology. That is to say, the >joint force< on practices and theories promotes the formation and construction of family critical theory. In the development process of nearly a century, the theorists on four generations persevere in the tone of criticizing existing society and concerning about human existence, while discussing family from different perspectives resorting to internal discord and academical re-orientation, forming highly distinctive family critical views. The first generation critics Horkheimer, Adorno, Fromm and Marcuse set up the topic on >authority and family<, concerned psychoanalysis to describe family shaping authoritarian personality, the evolution and succession of family authority, and the liberation of families and women breaking through authority. The second generation critic Habermas shapes the topic on >communication and family<, con­cerned social communication theory to explain the emergence, transformation and reconstruction of public sphere based on family, communication behavior and family socialization, and women in families. The third generation critic Honneth constructs the topic on >recognition and family<, concerned political ethics theory to indicate the justice and freedom dimensions of family recognition. The fourth generation critics focus on various aspects around the topic on >good life and family<. Concerned life development theory, Forst explains the defensive context on family reality under >justice and family<, Jaeggi mentions the alienated family relationships and the family reality in life form under >alienation, life form and family<, and Rosa references family in social accelerated wave and family resonance harbor in the late modern under >acceleration, resonance and family<. Above all of these highlight the internal logic and time update on family study. Using Marxist viewpoints and methods to evaluate Frankfurt School’s family critical theory is the fundamental principle to study Western Marxism. Frankfurt School’s family critical theory promotes the critical spirit of Marxism, but insists the value position of bourgeois, the diachronic and synchronic analysis on the evolution, structure, ethics, communication and guidance of the family, presenting the characteristics on unity between valued reflection and factual context, discourse logic and practical renewal, critical cognition and constructive intention, and the properties on the reality nature of integrating history and society, the human nature of concerning for survival and development, and the transcendental nature of separating from capital logic, the romantic nature of departing from effective struggle. Frankfurt School’s family critical theory also has a deep impact in the history of Western Marxism, which rewritten by existentialist Marxism and Structuralist Marxism, and developed by feminist Marxism and post-Marxism. Criticizing Frankfurt School’s family critical theory to make a >Chinese< answer to independent development road on modern family in combination with Chinese characteristics socialism practice is ultimate destination to theoretical research. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Tingxiang T1 - A Brief Analysis of Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< Thought [浅析弗洛姆的>逃避自由<思想] JF - JinGu Creative Literature [今古文创], No. 10 (2025), pp. 61-63. N2 - 本文聚焦于弗洛姆的>逃避自由<思想展开剖析。首先介绍了弗洛姆对自由问题的论述,梳理了自由概念在历史长河中的演变轨迹;进而阐述弗洛姆独特的自由观,其中消极自由的孤立无援、意义缺失以及积极自由实现所需条件的难以满足,共同构成其>逃避自由<思想形成的关键因素;最后阐述确立积极自由的途径,包括爱与理性的思想源泉作用、创造性劳动的现实途径以及健全社会的外部条件。 N2 - This paper focuses on Fromm's >escape from freedom< thought. First, Fromm's discussion on the issue of freedom is introduced, and the evolution of the concept of freedom in the long river of history is sorted out; then Fromm's unique view of freedom is expounded, among which the isolation and lack of meaning of negative freedom and the difficulty in meeting the conditions required for the realization of positive freedom together constitute the key factors in the formation of his >escape from freedom< thought; finally, the way to establish positive freedom is expounded, including the ideological source of love and reason, the practical way of creative labor and the external conditions of a sound society. [Translation: www.google translator, 3/2025] Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Rongmin T1 - A Study of Female Alienation in >The Year of the Flood< from the Perspective of Fromm's Alienation Theory [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Pacific International Journal, Vol. 7 (No. 2, 2024), pp. 12-16. [Online ISSN 2616-4825] [doi.org/10.55014/PIJ.V7I2.550] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] The Year of the Flood is the second book in Margaret Atwood's MaddAddam Trilogy. As a Canadian literary queen, Margaret mainly explores the issue of women's situation and prospects in the society. She depicts the current situation of women with delicate strokes, and >The Year of the Flood< is a typical example of this. This novel depicts the post-apocalyptic scenario faced by mankind after a waterless flood. The work delves into the postmodern society's over-reliance on technology and material development. People blindly pursue development rather than to fulfil real needs. In this background, the novel reveals the alienating effects of the egoistic tendencies of the society on women's existential condition. This paper analyses the survival of women in capitalist society as revealed in the novel >The Year of the Flood< Epidemic and applies Fromm's theory of alienation to illustrate the alienated survival that women face in capitalist society in the novel, revealing that society tends to take economic growth and technological advancement as the criteria for measuring social progress, thus ignoring the ecological environment's capacity to withstand the impact of development and the spiritual needs of human beings. This single criterion of pursuing development not only causes damage to nature, but also alienates women's state of existence. The purpose of this paper is to arouse readers' thoughts and reflections, to call on people to pay attention to the relationship between human beings and nature and human beings and society, to build a sound society with respect, equality and responsibility, and to realize the liberation of women, so that human beings can realize true freedom and liberation. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, Li T1 - The Basis of Personality Display – Interview with Shui Junyi, the Host of >Focus Interview< [个性展现的基础──访《焦点访谈》主持人水均益所得] JF - Communication Journal of Beijing Broadcasting Institute [现代传播(中国传媒大学学报)], No. 4 (1995). N2 - 弗洛姆在《爱的艺术》中说到这样一句话──爱是一种能力。这就赋予了很多人向往;坐享或是已经为之焦头烂额的神秘情感以很大的主动性与可知性。那么,在如今电视节目主持人纷纷出现而又难以令自己或受众满意的时候 ... N2 - Fromm said in >The Art of Loving< that love is a kind of ability. This gives a lot of initiative and knowability to the mysterious emotion that many people yearn for, enjoy or have been exhausted by. So, when TV show hosts appear one after another and it is difficult to satisfy themselves or the audience ... [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Xiangping T1 - On Theodore’s Loneliness in Donna Tartt’s >The Goldfinch<, Master thesis, World Literature, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Donna Tartt (1963–) is a new generation writer in contemporary American literature history whose works mostly derive from her childhood experiences which reflect on realistic social problems and the mental state of young people. >The Goldfinch< is the third book of Tartt. It was widely popular upon its publication, which won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Literature. Until now, academic research on >The Goldfinch< mainly focuses on the initiation story, intertextuality, trauma, eco-criticism, anxiety and so on. Taking the protagonist Theodore as the research object, this thesis attempts to interpret his process of conquering the loneliness in the light of Erich Fromm’s theory on loneliness. Generally speaking, loneliness refers to the individual’s subjective psychological feelings. Social psychologist and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm puts forward his philosophical illustration that loneliness is the objective fact that all human beings need to face. And, it will spread with the changes in the social environment, which leaves people in a strong existential crisis. Fromm mentions five critical demands for human existence: the need for relatedness, transcendence, identity, positioning and rootedness. When the alienated capitalist society can’t satisfy human needs, they may come into >a jail of loneliness<. Therefore, people tend to make different efforts to get out of the challenging condition. Within >The Goldfinch<, the hero Theodore is lost in morbid loneliness at first, then he adopts psychological defense mechanisms and continuously makes self-empowerment. Finally, he becomes a mature individual with the sane personality who transcends the loneliness to realize positive freedom. Chapter one discusses Theodore’s phase of being beleaguered in loneliness. The hero always lives a rootless life from the estran¬ged and indifferent family relation. Loss of security and belonging means that he doesn’t have the protection of >primary ties< who struggles with desperate loneliness. Self-doubts and denials about existence deepen his anxiety and loneliness. Under the circumstance of an alienated social environment, he is also tortured by loneliness from conflicts like materialism and class differences. Chapter two analyzes Theodore’s phase of escaping. When the external living conditions can’t meet the basic requirements of his growth and mental health, he adopts psychological defense mechanisms to overcome loneliness. Firstly, he attempts to escape from realistic anguishes by establishing symbiotic emotion with Pippa, which does work to some extent, but he loses integrity and independence. Secondly, Theodore takes morbid and destructive behaviors such as alcoholism and drug abuse to alleviate isolation and helplessness that can’t overcome loneliness in essence. Chapter three demonstrates Theodore’s transcending of loneliness. Fromm points out that spontaneous activity is an effective way to overcome loneliness because the individual connects with the world again in self-realization. And >love is the most central component of spontaneity< (Fromm, Escape from Freedom, 174). Firstly, it demonstrates the hero’s return of moral responsibility and conscience. Theodore finds that materially possessing >The Goldfinch< brings him in a tremendously moral dilemma for a long time, he needs to finds the aesthetic value in the art world to conquer the loneliness hopefully. Secondly, it discusses Theodore’s productive self-achievement. With great free will, he succeeds in breaking away the situation of self-degeneration and gradually finds subjectivity and creativity to integrate into the society through spontaneous learning and art creation. Finally, he cultivates an independent personality with emotional sublimation who masters the elements and connotation of love to take his subjective initiative to give love. By analyzing the process of Theodore’s being beleaguered, escaping, and transcending upon loneliness, this thesis attempts to reveal people’s general mental state under the background of highly developed capitalism. Besides, it also points out that the correct way to overcome loneliness is to insist on the power of love and the beauty of art for spiritual redemption, which enlightens people to pursue positive freedom. Under the context of modernity with rapid economic development, ideas expounded in the novel provide some significant references for us to get rid of the spiritual crisis. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Qianru T1 - Salvation, or can save us from the confusion of life – Reading Solovyov's >The Meaning of Love< [拯救,或能拯救我们于生命的茫然中——读索洛维约夫《爱的意义》] JF - Observation and Ponderation [观察与思考], No. 11 (2004), p. 57. N2 - 拿起刚出版的俄国索洛维约夫的《爱的意义》,题旨就带有现实指导意义,当然吸引我深入读下去的,是缘于刘小枫先生的几句导读语:这部小书对爱的分析从生物性层次——性爱入手,最终进入到爱的最高层次,实可谓>由浅入深<。国内曾刊行过弗洛姆的《爱的艺术》 N2 - Picking up the newly published Russian Solovyov's >The Meaning of Love<, the title has realistic guiding significance. Of course, what attracted me to read it in depth was Mr. Liu Xiaofeng's introduction: This little book analyzes love from the biological level - sexual love, and finally enters the highest level of love, which can be said to be >from shallow to deep<. Fromm's >The Art of Loving< has been published in China. [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Ming T1 - Analysis of >Hooking-up< Social Networking under Erich Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< Theory – Based on Soul App Social Data [埃里希·弗洛姆>逃避自由<理论下>搭子<社交的剖析—以Soul App社交数据为切入点] JF - Southeast Communication [东南传播], No. 1 (2025), pp. 115-119. N2 - 本文聚焦于>搭子<社交现象,以Soul App社交数据为依据展开探讨。>搭子<社交在青年群体中的兴起,作为一种新型垂直社交关系,在互联网和社会结构转型影响下于青年中广泛流行,且Soul App成为其重要发展平台。通过数据分析揭示>搭子<社交的多方面特征,如获取方式多元、不同年龄层接纳度有别、青年参与动机多样及与朋友关系存在差异等。从学理层面剖析其成因,趣缘关系为青年提供广阔社交机会,群体性孤独促使青年寻求陪伴以缓解孤独,弱关系强调社交边界感,加速主义反映青年在快节奏社会中对高效社交的需求。然而>搭子<社交也存在潜在风险,包括影响亲密关系建立、信息真伪难辨、与社会价值规范冲突等。遂引入弗洛姆>逃避自由<理论,指出>搭子<社交虽提供一定自由但也带来困境,如孤独感和缺乏安全感等,并从提升认知能力、正确思想引领、营造良好氛围等方面提出破解策略,以促进>搭子<社交健康发展,助力青年在社交中实现积极自由,推动其与主流文化和谐共生,适应社会发展需求。 N2 - This paper focuses on the phenomenon of > Hooking-up< social networking and discusses it based on Soul App social data. As a new type of vertical social relationship, >Hooking up< social networking has become popular among young people under the influence of the Internet and social structure transformation, and Soul App has become an important development platform for it. Data analysis reveals the various characteristics of >Hooking up< social networking, such as diverse acquisition methods, different acceptance levels among different age groups, diverse motivations for youth participation, and differences in relationships with friends. From a theoretical perspective, the causes of this phenomenon are analyzed. Interest-based relationships provide young people with broad social opportunities, group loneliness prompts young people to seek companionship to alleviate loneliness, weak relationships emphasize social boundaries, and accelerationism reflects young people's needs for efficient social interaction in a fast-paced society. However, there are potential risks in > Hooking-up< social interaction, including affecting the establishment of intimate relationships, difficulty in distinguishing the authenticity of information, and conflicts with social value norms. Therefore, Fromm's >escape from freedom< theory is introduced, pointing out that although > Hooking-up< social interaction provides a certain degree of freedom, it also brings difficulties, such as loneliness and lack of security, and proposes cracking strategies from the aspects of improving cognitive ability, correct ideological guidance, and creating a good atmosphere, so as to promote the healthy development of >Hooking-up< social interaction, help young people achieve positive freedom in social interaction, promote their harmonious coexistence with mainstream culture, and adapt to the needs of social development. [Translation: www.google translator, 3/2025] Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Kainan T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Subject Conception, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China 2023. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Erich Fromm, an American German Jew. He is a representative figure of the Frankfurt School, as well as a famous philosopher, psychologist, and sociologist. Throughout his lifetime of academic research, it is not difficult to find that the concept of subjectivity runs through all of his theoretical achievements as the main thread. Although Erich Fromm criticized human subjectivity in modern western capitalist society, he also provided a new perspective for our society to examine subjectivity. Erich Fromm, through the construction of human subjectivity, hopes that people can actively and consciously participate in the face of irreversible free life, and can give full play to the productive and creative characteristics of people as the main body of social life, build a meaningful life on the basis of love and reason, and constantly obtain human self realization. Erich Fromm’s thought not only critically inherits Freud’s psychoanalysis theory, but also includes the absorption and reference of Marx’s theory of alienated labor and humanism. There are similarities and differences between Erich Fromm’s interpretation of human subjectivity and Marx’s view that human beings actively transform the world by relying on their own subjective initiative. Erich Fromm’s life has been calling for the return of human subjectivity, emphasizing the importance of human itself. Influenced by Marx, his understanding of the world is that of humans, a world where humans exist as the main body. Humans can transform the world through their own creative activities, and the world should become a world that gives people value and meaning. Erich Fromm’s subjective view can help us understand what kind of social life subjects are needed in modern society, and provide useful enlightenment for us to cultivate and shape sound citizens in combination with the national conditions and folk conditions of Chinese society. However, Erich Fromm’s subjective view also has certain limitations, that is, it is far away from the world outlook and methodology of materialism, and it also ignores the class problem. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Jie T1 - On Fromm's Mechanism of Escaping Freedom and the Reshaping of Positive Personality – Taking Stevens, the Butler in >The Remains of the Day<, as an Example [论弗洛姆逃避自由的机制与积极人格的重塑 – 以《长日将尽》管家史蒂文斯为例] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Central Plains Literature [中原文学], No. 5 (2025), pp. 133-138. N2 - 石黑一雄在《长日将尽》中塑造了一个诚心诚意想要为社会作贡献,舍弃一切追求高尚职业信念的英国老管家形象。在弗洛姆逃避自由论视角下,史蒂文斯对>忠诚<的信念恪守和对>尊严<和>伟大<的价值追寻,本质上是逃避自由式的威权依附和机械趋同。史蒂文斯将勋爵作为逃避自由的依附对象,摒除自我的主体性;在其一生恪守的所谓宏大价值追求中,他禁锢压抑自我,最终放弃个体选择,荒废一生。自由的承担本身关乎主体的能力,个体需要在创造性劳动和爱的实践中,发展出独立丰沛的自我以抵抗人性之困、重塑积极自我和实现幸福人生. N2 - In >The Remains of the Day<, Kazuo Ishiguro created an image of an old British butler who sincerely wanted to contribute to society and gave up everything to pursue noble professional beliefs. From Fromm's perspective of escaping freedom, Stevens's adherence to the belief of >loyalty< and his pursuit of the values of >dignity< and >greatness< are essentially an escape from the authoritarian dependence and mechanical convergence of freedom. Stevens used the lord as an object of dependence to escape freedom and abandoned his own subjectivity; in the so-called grand value pursuit that he adhered to throughout his life, he imprisoned and suppressed himself, and finally gave up individual choice and wasted his life. The assumption of freedom itself is related to the subject's ability. Individuals need to develop an independent and rich self in the practice of creative labor and love in order to resist the difficulties of human nature, reshape a positive self and achieve a happy life. [Translation: www.google translator, 6/2025] Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zhang, Chaoyang T1 - Research on the Teaching Effectiveness of Ideological and Political Theory Course in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Need Theory, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] What kind of people to cultivate, how to cultivate them, and for whom to cultivate them are always fundamental issues in education. Higher education institutions bear the important task of cultivating and delivering talents. The purpose of ideological and political education in universities is to cultivate moral character and cultivate qualified builders and successors for national construction and socialist modernization. Against the backdrop of globalization, the rapid development of networking and informatization has led to profound changes in the values of college students due to the complex network information, posing severe challenges to the ideological and political education work in universities. Its direct manifestation is the weakening of the teaching effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses in universities. In order to address this challenge and enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses, there have been various discussions and studies in the industry. This article attempts to explore the deep-seated reasons that affect the effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses in universities from the perspective of the needs of students as human subjects. Guided by the theory of needs, it finds a practical path to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses. The effectiveness of ideological and political theory courses can be measured from two perspectives: student needs and social needs. Social needs and individual needs are a dialectical unity of opposites, and the two cannot be completely separated, but rather interact and transform with each other. The reasonable and common needs of students as individuals will rise and transform into social needs in the contradictory process of teaching activities, and the social needs of national construction and career development will naturally become individual needs for student growth. So, the degree of satisfaction between student needs and social needs is the fundamental indicator for measuring the effectiveness of ideological and political theory teaching in universities. This paper comprehensively uses the text research method, questionnaire survey method and multidisciplinary comprehensive research method, mainly in the following aspects: first, it expounds the need theory, starting from the interpretation of the basic concepts, and respectively sorts out the main contents of Marx and Engels’ need theory, the main contents of Chinese Communists’ need theory, and the views of Maslow, Alderfer, Fromm and other major Western schools on need theory. The second is to sort out the internal relationship between the theory of needs and ideological and political education, and to meet the needs of students and the social needs as the starting point, clarify the connection between the theory of needs and the teaching of Ideological and political theory. Thirdly, through the empirical analysis of the questionnaire, the performance of the lack of effectiveness of the current ideological and political theory course teaching is clarified, and the causes of the problems are found. Fourth, from the perspective of need theory, this paper explores the ways to improve the effectiveness of Ideological and political theory teaching from the aspects of students’ subjective needs, basic needs, development needs and differences in needs. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 9/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhai, Jianyong T1 - Index of Major Works on Human Studies in China (July 1998 – March 2000 [全国人学研究主要论著索引(1998年7月-2000年3月)] JF - 北京市人学理论研讨会 [Beijing Humanities Theory Seminar], 12/1999, Beijing, China, in: Human Studies and Modernization (Part 3) – Proceedings of the Beijing Human Studies Theory Symposium Proceedings of the Chinese Human Studies Association Conference [人学与现代化(三)——北京市人学理论研讨会论文集中国人学学会会议论文集], pp. 393-409. N2 - 一、人学基础理论 1.>人<的消解与>人<的重构/张曙光//开放时代,1998.03/04. 2.创造性活动使人活出意义来:评弗洛姆>规范人本主义</黄志奇//贵州大学学报(社科版), 1998.03. 3. 人的本质及人的价值/孙鼎国//文史哲,1998. 04. 4. 当代中国人学研究兴起的深层动因/韩庆祥、郭立新//文史哲,1998.04. 5. 需要即人的本性:对马克思需要理论的解读/李文阁//社会科学(上海), 1998.05. 6.人的根本价值在于全面发展/余栋华//唯实, 1999.08/09. N2 - 1. Basic theories of human studies 1. The Dissolution of >Human< and the Reconstruction of >Humannormative humanism< / Huang Zhiqi / / Journal of Guizhou University (Social Science Edition), 1998.03. 3. The nature of man and his value/Sun Dingguo//Literature, History and Philosophy, 1998. 04. 4. The Deep-seated Reasons for the Rise of Contemporary Chinese Studies / Han Qingxiang, Guo Lixin / / Literature, History and Philosophy, 1998.04. 5. Needs are human nature: an interpretation of Marx's theory of needs/Li Wenge//Social Sciences (Shanghai), 1998.05. 6. The fundamental value of human beings lies in their all-round development / Yu Donghua / / Realism, 1999.08/09. [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zepf, Siegfried T1 - Metaphors in psychoanalytic theory – Do we need them? JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 33 (No. 3, 2024), pp. 163-173. N2 - The author questions Wallerstein’s conviction that psychoanalytic concepts are >scientific metaphors.< If one were to adopt his view, psychoanalysis would fall into line with Lakoff and Johnson′s thesis that the conceptual system of our thoughts and actions is basically metaphorically structured. The author rejects both their views by demonstrating how the system inherent in our conceptual structure works, and disproving Lakoff and Johnson’s thesis as an assertion. In his view, if psychoanalytic concepts are understood as metaphors without defining their target domains, they lose their cognitive function and allow general metaphors to be understood in a whole variety of ways. The author suspects that this metaphorization of psychoanalytic concepts serves to suggest that psychoanalysis has a unified theory which would guarantee the community’s scientific unity, despite the theoretical and therapeutic pluralism that currently prevails. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zeng, Fanqi T1 - The Alienation and Awakening of Characters in >Tree of Smoke<, Master thesis, World Literature, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] >Tree of Smoke< is one of the most recognized works by American novelist and playwright Denis Johnson. The book won the 2007 U. S. National Book Award, and Denis has been called >the writers’ writer<. With Vietnam War as the background, Denis’ work portrays a number of characters such as American officers Skip, Colonel, Kathy, and the Houston brothers, providing a deep insight into the alienation and awakening of human nature during the war. Rather than depicting the large-scale scenes of fighting on the battlefield, the novel focuses more on the individual activities of the characters in the process of war, presenting the sinking and struggling of individuals and society in the war with a unique approach that conveys a genuine anti-war theme. With the support of Fromm’s alienation theory, the thesis analyzes the alienation of the characters in >Tree of Smoke< by applying Fromm’s alienation theory. In accord with Fromm’s judgement, under the condition of capitalist society, alienation is present all the time and everywhere, it makes human beings become alienated individuals, limiting their self-development, which in turn affects the public. The alienated society and individuals oppress each other, forming a social atmosphere of alienation and indifference, the relationship of people’s interests replaces warmth, only true love can eliminate this alienation. With the perspective of alienation theory, the characters’ self-alienation, the alienation between the characters and society, and the alienation of the characters’ interpersonal relationships are plainly visible in >Tree of Smoke<. Denis reveals the danger of war with profound strokes, appeals to opposing war and pursuing peace with the characters’ awakening out of alienation. The thesis consists of an introduction, a conclusion and five main chapters. The introduction presents an overview of author Denis Johnson’s life and major works, which focuses on the analyzed text of this dissertation, >Tree of Smoke<, the text’s literary status and textual significance are described, along with the current state of the text’s study at home and abroad. Then, the thesis’ innovative points and thematic argu¬ments are outlined. Chapter one is the theoretical foundation, which introduces the origin and development of alienation theory, and focuses on the alienation theory that Fromm developed and constructed, which is mainly applied in this thesis. Chapter two explores the self-alienation of the characters in >Tree of Smoke< indicating that in the context of war and capitalist society, there exists alienation of the characters’ self-perception, and the inhibition of the characters’ self-development in such condition. Chapter three analyzes the alienation between the characters and society, illustrating the suppression of individuals in the environ¬ment of war by American and Vietnamese societies; individuals in such apathetic and repressive social environment become mechanically submissive. Chapter four analyzes the characters’ alienation of inter¬personal relationships, exploring the dysfunctional family relationship and the distorted love relationships. Chapter five analyzes the gradual awakening of the characters in the process of war from three aspects: the self-alienation of individuals, the alienation between characters and society, and the alienated interpersonal relationships. Individuals rebuild their self-perceptions and explore their thoughts, the society as a whole reflects rationally on the war, and individuals no longer blindly follow the militant social atmosphere. In the presence of alienated interpersonal relationships, the characters also demonstrate different degrees of recognition and confrontation in both family and love. The conclusion points out that, against the background of war and capitalist society, the alienation, which is present everywhere, grows increasingly, resulting in the characters’ self-development being restricted, separating the family members, and even going to the abyss of death. In the cruel war, the gradual awa¬kening of individuals is a resistance to alienation and a protest against war. The conclusion also indicates the significance and shortcomings of this study, with a purpose to provide a reference for the subsequent study of >Tree of Smoke<. Different from traditional Vietnam War fiction, Denis Johnson presents a complex series of scenes and plots that portray transformative characters, creating a new dimension beyond the universal elements of war fiction. With the characters’ awakening out of alienation and their pursuit of self as the foundation, Johnson perpetuates his belief of embracing peace and rejecting war. Even though the characters in the book do not achieve a complete awakening in the end, their efforts to dissolve alienation and regain their true nature still have a positive guiding significance today, when the war still endangers humanity. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yıldız, Hatice T1 - Afşar Timuçin’in Bizi Biz Yapan Sevda Romanında Tematik Yapıyı Temsil Eden Kişiler Persons [Representing the Thematic Structure in Afşar Timuçin’s Novel Bizi Biz Yapan Sevda] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Akademik Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi [Journal of Academic Language and Literature], Vol. 9 (No. 1, 2025), pp. 427-455. [Online ISSN 2618-6349] [dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/akaded/issue/90186/1623835] N2 - İnsanı, onun içinde yaşadığı çevreyi ve zamanı anlatan romanın önde gelen unsurlarından birisi de kişiler dünyasıdır. Bir romanın olay örgüsünü harekete geçirebilecek yegâne varlık, kurmaca evrenin kişisi olabilir. Gerçek dünyadan esinlenerek kurgulanan roman kişileri, ait oldukları kurmaca evrenin yasalarına uygun bir yaşam sürerler. Onların gerçekliği yazarın muhayyilesine ve kurgusuna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkar. Romancı tarafından yerleştirildikleri olay örgüsünde, metnin tematik yapısına hizmet edecek şekilde donatılırlar. Bu bakımdan roman kişileri, edebî eser incelemelerinde üzerinde dikkatle durulması gereken varlıklardır. Felsefeci kimliğinin yanı sıra edebiyatçı olarak da öne çıkan yazar Afşar Timuçin, romanlarında insanı ve onun yaşam mücadelesini anlatır. Temelinde büyük bir insan sevgisinin yattığı romanlarında karakterlerini aşk, yalnızlık, aile, evlilik gibi temalar etrafında kurgular. Yazarın son romanı >Bizi Biz Yapan Sevda< (2014) da bu izleklerin takip edildiği bir eser görünümündedir. Timuçin, romanın başkişisi Asım’ı hayatına giren kadınlarla sınar. Roman kişileri birbirine sevgiyle bağlı olmakla birlikte toplumsal değerler ve sorumluluklar araya girdiğinde yaptıkları tercihlerle öne çıkarlar. Bu çalışma roman kişilerinin birbirleriyle kurduğu ilişkileri metnin teması etrafında incelemeye çalışacaktır. N2 - One of the leading elements of the novel that describes the human being and the environment and time in which he lives is the world of characters. The only being that can set the plot of a novel in motion is the person of the fictional universe. Novel characters inspired by the real world live a life subject to the laws of the fictional universe to which they belong. Their reality emerges depending on the imagination and fiction of the author. They are equipped in a way that will serve the thematic structure of the text in the plot where the novelist places them. In this respect, literary work reviews should carefully consider novel characters. In addition to his identity as a philosopher, the author Afşar Timuçin, who also stands out as a man of letters, describes humans and their struggle for life in his novels. In his novels, where a great love for humans lies at their core, he constructs his characters around themes such as love, loneliness, family, and marriage. The author’s latest novel, >Bizi Biz Yapan Sevda<, also appears to be a work in which these themes are followed. Timuçin tests the novel’s protagonist, Asım, with the women who enter his life. The novel’s characters are connected with love, but they stand out with their choices when social values and responsibilities intervene. This study will examine the relationships the novel's characters establish with each other around the text's theme. Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yi, Dongdong T1 - Shocking: A way to open love – Macron's love of age difference [惊世骇俗:一种爱情的打开方式——马克龙的忘年恋] JF - Interpretation of social hot spots (2017) Collection of special materials of Beijing Normal University Beijing Cultural Development Research Institute [社会热点解读(2017)北京师范大学北京文化发展研究院专题资料汇编], 04/2018, Beijing, China, in: Interpretation of Social Hot Topics (2017) Compilation of Special Materials of Beijing Normal University Beijing Cultural Development Research Institute [社会热点解读(2017)北京师范大学北京文化发展研究院专题资料汇编], pp. 14-33. N2 - 爱情与成熟度无关。如果不努力发展自己的全部人格,那么每种爱的努力都会失败;如果没有爱他人的能力,如果不能真正谦恭地、勇敢地、真诚地和有纪律地爱他人,那么人们,在自己的爱情生活中也永远得不到满足。——弗洛姆《爱的艺术》人和人之间的直接的、自然的、必然的关系是男女之间的关系,……从这种关系就可以判断人的整个教养程度。——马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》现代的爱情,同单纯的性欲,同古代的爱,是根本不同的。 N2 - Love has nothing to do with maturity. If you don't work hard to develop your entire personality, then every effort to love will fail; if you don't have the ability to love others, if you can't really love others humbly, bravely, sincerely and disciplinedly, then people will never be satisfied in their love life – Fromm, >The Art of Loving<. The direct, natural and inevitable relationship between people is the relationship between men and women ... From this relationship, you can judge the whole level of a person's upbringing – Marx, >Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844<. Modern love is fundamentally different from simple sexual desire and ancient love. [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ye, Xiaojun A1 - Gao, Sengui A1 - Qu, Xiaoyue T1 - Self-discovery in Alienation: An Interpretation of >Jerusalem the Golden< from Alienation Theory [异化中的自我追寻——《金色的耶路撒冷》的异化理论解读] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of Henan University of Engineering (Social Science Edition) [河南工程学院学报(社会科学版), No. 4 (2024), pp. 88-91. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Margaret Drabble is one of the most outstanding female writers in 20th-century Britain. She creates a series of vivid and distinct female characters with plain language and detailed, profound descriptions. Among them, Jerusalem the Golden, as a classic female novel, presents an image of an intelligent, enterprising, courageous, and determined intellectual woman. Based on a close reading of the text, Fromm′s theory of alienation is used to analyse and explore the protagonist′s struggle, resistance and quest for self-identity in the midst of alienation at three levels, namely alienation of the natural environment, alienation of society and alienation of the self, so as to reveal the efforts of a modern woman in her quest for a new, authentic and ideal self, and to provide readers with a fresh perspective for confronting and understanding the real world. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 12/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yao, Dazhi T1 - On Habermas's Criticism of Science and Technology [评哈贝马斯的科学技术批判] JF - Social Science Front Bimonthly [社会科学战线], No. 1 (1992), pp. 17-24. N2 - 法兰克福学派以>社会批判理论<著称于世,实质上,他们的社会批判就是意识形态批判。在其不同的代表人物中,所批判的角度各有侧重,例如,霍克海默尔和阿多尔诺倾向于文化批判,马尔库塞更关心从整体上对>发达工业社会的意识形态<进行批判,弗洛姆偏重于社会心理批判,而哈贝马斯则主要从事于科学技术批判。从17和18世纪以来,西方哲学的苛刻的批判思维指向了世界的各个角落,唯有科学技 … N2 - The Frankfurt School is famous for its >social criticism theory<. In essence, their social criticism is ideological criticism. Among its different representatives, the angles of criticism vary. For example, Horkheimer and Adorno tend to be cultural critics, while Marcuse is more concerned with the overall >ideology of advanced industrial society<. In terms of criticism, Fromm focuses on social psychology criticism, while Habermas mainly engages in scientific and technological criticism. Since the 17th and 18th centuries, the harsh critical thinking of Western philosophy has been directed to every corner of the world. Only science and technology can … [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 1992 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yangmei, Linan T1 - The Concept of Freedom in John Irving’s >The Hotel New Hampshire<, Master thesis, World Literature, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2024 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] John Irving, as one of the important contemporary American writers, has been honored with the National Book Award for his works. >The Hotel New Hampshire< is his fifth work, published in 1981, narrating the story of a family running a hotel in the United States from the 1940 s to the 1970 s. The novel portrays the conflicts and chaos experienced by the protagonists in their pursuit of personal freedom, such as witnessing death, facing disappointment, and confronting fear. These events, intertwined with tragedy and hope, are essentially a microcosm of individuals seeking survival within the currents of the individualistic era. Implicit in the various tragic and hopeful events is the profound impact of the core of American value on individuals: freedom. In the novel, such influence stems from the methods and approaches that individuals employ in interpreting and seeking freedom. Current domestic and international researches both focus on ethical, violent, and sexual issues that are presented in the novel, they have not yet deeply explored the individuals’ behaviors and the reasons behind, and corresponding concluding research has not been done yet. The novel reveals two entirely different approaches to the pursuit of freedom by depicting the physical and mental changes individuals undergo, and the different outcomes in the process of chasing freedom. One approach involves pursuing freedom in an extreme, one-sided and compensatory manner, while the other involves a compatible, open, and self-coherent manner. This thesis, by examining the connections between the characters’ destinies and their ways of pursuing freedom in the novel, tries to elucidate the implications of these two approaches to freedom, summarizing the concept of freedom which is elucidated in the novel. Grounded in the method of textual analysis and drawing from Fromm’s theory of freedom and other theories as well, this thesis focuses on three aspects of the theme of freedom in the novel. The thesis is structured into five chapters, comprised of three sections: introduction, main body, and conclusion. The first chapter introduces the author John Irving’s literary achievements and the main content of his work The Hotel New Hampshire, and the literature review associated with the domestic and foreign researches on The Hotel New Hampshire. This chapter also outlines the research task, research structure and ap¬proa¬ches that are adopted in this thesis. Chapters two to four constitute the main body of the paper. The second chapter delves into the depth of the novel’s text, exploring the connection between the events portrayed as >tragedies< and the individuals’ ways of searching for free development. It examines the conflicts and trage¬dies experienced by the three main characters in their pursuit of freedom, elucidates the roots of these experiences, clarifies the nature of compensatory freedom, and criticizes the inevitability of its failure. The third chapter, using Franny’s achievement of sustainable and realistic freedom supported by a peaceful, strong, and stable core as an example, explains the connotations of coherent freedom. It explores the nature and connection between individual coherence and freedom, highlighting the inevitability of coherent freedom. The fourth chapter, considering the novel’s historical and cultural background, examines and explains the connotations of the emphasis on >freedom< in the contemporary American society. It points out the per¬spective on freedom presented in the novel – emphasizing coherent freedom – holds significant meaning for individuals: it not only adds a new interpretation to the essence of freedom in the context of that era, but also provides a viable path for individuals who are caught in the dilemma of >struggling to achieve inner harmonious and self-coherence between macro-freedom and individual freedom, personal free development and the status of feeling lonely and perplexed<. The fifth chapter is the conclusion part, summarizing the two ways of pursuing freedom presented in the novel and concluding the novel’s concept of freedom. Irving, by differently portraying the tragic fates of the main characters, not only describes an impractical way of realizing freedom but also, through portraying contrast, he highlights a possible path for individuals to achieve sustainable, realistic, and compatible freedom: achieving multi-dimensional self-coherence. This thesis argues that the descriptions and discussions of personal pursuit of freedom and individual self-coherence in the novel are a unique and profound understanding that combines the era and historical background, providing a new interpretation of freedom, which is the core American values, and a unique cognition of the existential state faced by humanity. By prompting readers to contemplate on societal issues such as violence and ethics, the novel encourages reflection on the problems between individuals and freedom underlying these social phenomena: how modern individuals can achieve balance and reconcile ideals and reality, individual and self, spiritual freedom and physical freedom, thus achieving a state of inner harmony and self-coherence, realizing a developing state that is free and achievable. [English: www.cnki.net, 3/2023] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Yang, Zonglin T1 - The Spread and Acceptance of Fromm in China, Master thesis, Art Theory; Journalism and Media, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] As a representative figure of the Frankfurt School that combines literary theorists, philosophers, and social critics, Fromm’s ideas not only exhibit interdisciplinary and diverse integration, but also make his unique contribution to the development of society. The comprehensive and high-level dissemination and acceptance of Fromm’s ideas have also created Fromm’s media image today, providing a foundation for the widespread dissemination of his works and ideas. Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< and >The Art of Loving< are still widely circulated in China today, which can also be attributed to the cross media communication in the era of new media. The paper first starts with the translation, introduction, and publication of Fromm’s original works in China, and discusses the publication overview, form, and sub texts of Fromm’s original works. It also comprehensively examines the paper dissemination form of his theoretical works. The study of the subtitles in Fromm’s original work is a distinctive part of the paper, which is interpreted from two aspects: the evolution of the inner subtitles and the expansion of the outer subtitles. Secondly, study the cross media dissemination of Fromm’s ideas. This applies Mc Luhan media theory, Fromm’s own sociological, psychological, and philosophical theories to study Fromm’s cross media communication in China. Firstly, the evolution of the context of the dissemination of Fromm’s ideas has been summarized, from the initial critical acceptance of Fromm’s introduction to China to the mass communication in the new century. Next is the fragmented dissemination of classic works, exploring Fromm’s dissemination in China from three aspects: as a weapon of thought, as a reading note, and as a philosophical maxim. Finally, there is Fromm in mass media, which aims to restore Fromm’s media image in new media. It is mainly divided into three parts: the popularization of theoretical dissemination, Fromm and the Love Bible, and literary criticism, attempting to identify the reasons for Fromm’s popularity from the root. The acceptance of Fromm’s thought in China is a summary and supplement to the first two parts, and also a process of further approaching Fromm’s thought. The paper first analyzes the audience of Fromm’s ideas in China, starting from two perspectives of productive personality and non-productive personality, and studying Fromm’s acceptance from two audience groups. Secondly, we will explore the ways in which Fromm’s ideas are accepted in China, which can be divided into specialized research in academic dissertations and interdisciplinary research in academic journal papers. The paper further discusses the contemporary value of Fromm’s ideas in China, reflecting reflection and sublimation of Fromm’s research on contemporary value. By closely following the communication characteristics of the new media era, this paper carries out media analysis, reassesses its ideological value, seeks the contemporary value of Fromm’s thought in China, and makes contributions to the retention and dissemination of its essence. Strive to apply Fromm’s own theory to study Fromm’s dissemination and reception in China. By sorting out representative thoughts of Fromm such as >freedom theory<, >personality theory<, and >love theory<, corresponding to the different stages of Fromm’s dissemination in China, and further studying the context and process of Fromm’s dissemination and reception in China, this paper explores the enlightening significance of his ideological theory. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 3/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Rong T1 - Unconsciousness·>Man<·Modernist Literature – Rediscussing the Outstanding Contribution of Freud's Theory [无意识·>人<·现代派文学──再论弗洛伊德学说的突出贡献] JF - Journal of Ningxia University (Social Science Edition) [宁夏大学学报(社会科学版)], No. 3 (1994). N2 - 无意识·>人<·现代派文学──再论弗洛伊德学说的突出贡献杨荣著名的精神分析学者、法兰克福学派的代表埃里希·弗洛姆认为,西·弗洛伊德和马克思>都是现时代的设计师<。>他们为建立一门新的人的科学奠定了基础<[1]。的确,弗洛伊德以他对人类内心奥秘的卓越发 ... N2 - Erich Fromm, a famous psychoanalyst and representative of the Frankfurt School, believed that Freud and Marx >are both designers of the modern era.>They laid the foundation for the establishment of a new science of man< [1]. Indeed, Freud, with his outstanding discovery of the mysteries of the human heart ... [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Ping T1 - Analysis of >Love< in >Klara and the Sun< from the Perspective of Fromm's Theory of Love [《克拉拉与太阳》中>爱<的分析] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Overseas English [海外英语], No. 20 (2024), pp. 208-210. N2 - 石黑一雄的小说《克拉拉与太阳》从人工智能机器人克拉拉的视角出发,讲述了人类处于人工智能时代的情感焦虑问题,引发人们对于未来世界中人工智能时代人类所面临的危机以及人类是否能处理与人工智能关系的深入思考。文章以埃瑞克·弗洛姆的爱的理论为指导,深入探究以乔西为代表的后人类群体之间的爱,启发处于人工智能时代的人们应该如何去爱身边的人和事物。 N2 - Kazuo Ishiguro's novel >Klara and the Sun< tells the emotional anxiety of human beings in the era of artificial intelligence from the perspective of the artificial intelligence robot Clara, which triggers people's in-depth thinking about the crisis faced by human beings in the future world of artificial intelligence and whether human beings can deal with the relationship with artificial intelligence. Guided by Erich Fromm's theory of love, this article deeply explores the love between post-human groups represented by Josie, and inspires people in the era of artificial intelligence to love the people and things around them. [Translation: www.google translator, 12/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Yan T1 - An Analysis of Human Nature in Fromm's Humanistic Thought JF - World Journal of Education and Humanities, Vol. 6 (No. 5, 2024), pp. 192-199 [Online ISSN 2687-6779] [doi.org/10.22158/WJEH.V6N5P192] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] In contemporary society, the problem of human existence has increasingly aroused the common concern of all mankind, and the rich and colorful material life has enriched people's daily life, but the spiritual life of human beings is relatively impoverished, and the great abundance of material wealth to a certain extent makes people enslaved to material things, and the spiritual life of individuals is in a state of imbalance. While elaborating on the actual state of human existence, Fromm's humanistic thought critically exposes the social problems caused by the development of productive forces, and fundamentally points out the confusion of human beings, on the basis of which it indicates that we can realize the breakthrough of the state of human beings' gradual dissolution in a certain way, so as to generate a brand-new space for the survival of human beings. In this way, human beings will be able to find their way out of numbness and self-loss, and thus step into the >kingdom of existence<. Fromm's anthropological point of view mainly centers on human nature, including three aspects: human nature, human nature alienation, and human nature liberation. This paper is a brief analysis of this aspect of human nature. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Shanting A1 - Liu, Qing T1 - Analyzing the Dilemma of Freedom and the Way Out of Freedom in >Silent Confession< from the Perspective of Fromm's View of Freedom [从弗洛姆自由观视角分析《无声告白》中的自由困境及自由出路] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Yangtze River Novel Appreciation [长江小说鉴赏], No. 19 (2024), pp. 53-57. N2 - 《无声告白》是美国华裔女作家伍绮诗的第一部长篇小说。小说以莉迪亚的死作为开篇,揭示了华裔家庭及其成员在当时社会背景下面临的不同自由困境及自由选择。小说中人物面临的自由困境包括种族歧视、性别歧视、外界的过度关注,以及多孩家庭中孩子的成长问题等。对于不同的自由困境,人物做出了不同的自由选择。本文从弗洛姆自由观视角出发,探究美国华裔家庭中人们的自由困境体现和成因及其自由选择的结果,以此挖掘作品中所隐含的深刻教育意义。 N2 - >Silent Confession< [>Everything I Never Told You<] is the first full-length novel by Chinese American author Celeste Ng. The novel opens with Lydia's death, revealing the different freedom dilemmas and freedom choices faced by Chinese-American families and their members in the social context of the time. The freedom dilemmas faced by the characters in the novel include racial discrimination, sexism, excessive attention from the outside world, and the growth of children in a multi-child family. For different freedom dilemmas, the characters make different freedom choices. From Fromm's perspective of freedom, this paper explores the embodiment and causes of people's freedom dilemmas and the results of their free choices in Chinese American families, so as to dig out the profound educational significance implied in the work. [Translation: www.DeepL/Translator, free version, 9/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xie, Zhen A1 - Xie, Hanfeng T1 - >Freedom Disease< and Fromm’s Diagnosis and Treatment [>自由之疾<与弗洛姆的诊治] JF - Journal of Social Science of Jiamusi University [佳木斯大学社会科学学报], No. 1 (2025), pp. 19-22, 27. N2 - 弗洛姆面对的是在极权主义和超级资本主义普遍压抑中产生的社会性格,或者说社会心理结构。在其中,既定的社会无意识影响着个体意识,伪思想代替了个人的独立思想。此种社会力量作为非人格对人格的统治,剥离了人的积极自由即自我实现的能力。因此,人不仅在现实生活层面,也在心理意识层面降低到了人的类本质以下。人们或被塑造为施虐—受虐的权威主义性格,或产生破坏冲动,或在资本主义文化模式内机械趋同。人们如此逃避自由也使得社会陷入精神失常当中。致力于人道主义的社会主义的自由实现,弗洛姆求之于>成熟的爱<和>创造性劳动<,拓展了马克思主义关于>人的自由全面发展<的理论研究,同时在事实上开辟了通往共产主义的精神分析路径。 N2 - Fromm faced the social character, or social psychological structure, produced in the universal repression of totalitarianism and super capitalism. In it, the established social unconsciousness affects individual consciousness, and pseudo-ideas replace individual independent thoughts. This kind of social force, as the domination of impersonality over personality, deprives people of their positive freedom, that is, their ability to realize themselves. Therefore, people are reduced to below their species essence not only in real life but also in psychological consciousness. People are either shaped into sadomasochistic authoritarian characters, or have destructive impulses, or mechanically converge within the capitalist cultural model. People’s escape from freedom in this way also makes society fall into mental disorder. Committed to the realization of freedom in humanitarian socialism, Fromm seeks >mature love< and >creative labor<, expanding the theoretical research of Marxism on >the free and all-round development of people<, and in fact opening up a psychoanalytic path to communism. [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025) Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xiang, Baoyun T1 - The Birth of a Tragic Poet – Part One of >Man and Culture< – Interpretation of Cao Yu [悲剧诗人之诞——《人与文化——曹禺解读》之一] JF - Journal of Yibin Teachers College [宜宾学院学报], No. 3 (1989), pp. 35-42. N2 - >社会过程的基本实体就是个人,就是个人的欲望、恐惧、激情、理性和善恶倾向。要认识社会发展的动力,就必须搞清个人身上的心理发展动力,就如我们要认识一个人,必须联系塑造了他的文化关系来认识。<(弗洛姆:《逃避自由》) N2 - >The basic entity of the social process is the individual, that is, the individual's desires, fears, passions, rationality and good and evil tendencies. To understand the driving force of social development, we must understand the psychological development of the individual, just as if we want to understand a person, we must understand him in connection with the cultural relations that shaped him.< (Fromm: >Escape from Freedom<). [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xia, Yin T1 - Theory of Isomorphism and Heterogeneity of Primary Emotion and Creative Emotion [原发情感与创作情感同构异态论] JF - Academic Monthly [学术月刊], No. 4 (1989), pp. 41-48. N2 - 近三十年来,西方学者对人的研究出现了一种趋势或说热点,即力求从人类生活和日常行为中探索情感世界的奥秘,发现富有真实情感的自我,塑造自己情感生命的模式,查尔斯的喜悦说,马斯达克斯的寂寞说,迪里契的勇气说,萨特的孤独说,弗洛姆的爱欲说以及马斯洛的自我实现说等等,众说纷呈,斑驳陆离,比较侧重于心理机制的研讨;我国学者则偏重于从社会存在、特别是阶级斗争视角探讨情感的生成、性质与形态等情况,而忽略了情感特性的生理、心理机制研究。系统地对人类的原发情感与创作情感作专题探讨,尤为少见。本文不揣浅陋,仅从原发情感与创作情感在欲求、意蕴及外化的同构异态方面,略陈管见,谨请方家指正。 N2 - In the past thirty years, a trend or hot spot has emerged in the study of human beings by Western scholars, that is, to explore the mystery of the emotional world from human life and daily behavior, to discover the self with real emotions, and to shape the model of one's own emotional life. Charles's theory of joy, Mastak's theory of loneliness, Tillich's theory of courage, Sartre's theory of loneliness, Fromm's theory of love, and Maslow's theory of self-realization, etc., are all different and colorful, and they focus more on the study of psychological mechanisms; Chinese scholars tend to focus on the generation, nature and form of emotions from the perspective of social existence, especially class struggle, and ignore the study of the physiological and psychological mechanisms of emotional characteristics. It is particularly rare to conduct a systematic special discussion on human primary emotions and creative emotions. This article, despite its shallowness, is just a brief presentation of my views on the isomorphism and heterogeneity between primary emotions and creative emotions in terms of desire, connotation and externalization. I would appreciate any correc¬tions from experts. [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 1989 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xi, Yucheng T1 - Fromm's Theory of Life Style and Its Practical Significance [弗洛姆的生存方式理论及其现实意义] JF - Cultural and Educational Materials [文教资料], No. 22 (2024), pp. 23-25, 29. N2 - 弗洛姆的生存方式理论是对>二战<后资本主义社会黄金发展时期人们呈现的不断异化的生存状态所提出的一种新的理论构想。这种新的理论构想从重占有的生存方式转向了重生存的生存方式,并且对重生存的生存方式的>新人<归纳了21条具体的性格特征。在我国社会主义现代化建设进程中,人们在文化心理层面也出现了类似的不健康状态。因此,本文研究弗洛姆的生存方式理论对于诊断和解决社会文化心理问题、提高人的思想境界具有一定的借鉴意义。 N2 - Fromm's theory of life style is a new theoretical conception proposed for the constantly alienated living state of people in the golden period of capitalist society after the >Second World War<. This new theoretical conception shifts from a life style that emphasizes possession to a life style that emphasizes survival, and summarizes 21 specific personality traits of the >new man< who emphasizes survival. In the process of my country's socialist modernization, people have also shown similar unhealthy conditions at the cultural and psychological level. Therefore, this paper studies Fromm's theory of life style, which has certain reference significance for diagnosing and solving social, cultural and psychological problems and improving people's ideological realm. [Translation: www.google translator, 3/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Yangyang T1 - The Ideas in Erich Fromm’s >Escape from Freedom< JF - Philosophy and Social Science, Vol. 1 (No. 8 (2024), pp. 44-48. [Online ISSN: 3005-8384] [doi.org/10.62381/P243807] [aeph.press/uploadfile/202411/e536a69dfb95226.pdf] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] The main content of this paper is Fromm's Escape, which analyzes the spiritual predicament of modern people after the two World Wars, and points out that the spontaneous process of individuation has to be subject to social conditions, resulting in the gap between positive freedom and negative freedom. In order to escape the burden of this negative freedom, people would rather lose freedom than gain security and survival. In modern society, there is a common psychology of escaping freedom, which presents different forms of expression, and ultimately results in totalitarianism and unsound society. Fromm tries to eliminate the ills of modern society by finding a way to realize positive freedom. Fromm's so-called >escape from freedom< is a prominent manifestation of modernity. At present, under the background of modernization and globalization, through critical thinking of Fromm's >escape from freedom<, it is still enlightening and instructive to pursue the development path of Chinese modernization beyond this modernity. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Yangyang T1 - Fromm's Critique of Capitalist Society in the Sound Society JF - Economic Society and Humanities, Vol. 1 (No. 9, 2024), pp. 64-69. [Online ISSN 3005-8392] [doi.org/10.62381/E244910] [aeph.press/uploadfile/202412/6d9c4019c7648d9.pdf] N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Erich Fromm offers a profound critique of capitalist society in his work >The Sane Society<, viewed as a continuation of his earlier books >Escape from Freedom< and >Man for Himself<. Integrating Freudian psychoanalysis with Maslow's humanism, Fromm explores the psychological and social issues afflicting Western society after the World Wars, highlighting the contrast between material wealth and spiritual impoverishment. He contends that capitalism, with its emphasis on >things over people<, leads to widespread alienation, as individuals are increasingly distanced from the products of their labor, each other, and their inner selves. Fromm critically examines how the capitalist drive for profit, efficiency, and mass consumption fosters conformity, standardizes desires, and suppresses individuality. He asserts that both workers and managers become dehumanized, as labor is reduced to mechanical processes devoid of creativity, and bureaucratic structures treat people as objects. Furthermore, he critiques the alienation in consumer culture, where insatiable desires are cultivated by market forces, disconnecting consumption from genuine human needs. Through his psychoanalytic approach, Fromm ultimately calls for a new society where human growth and well-being are prioritized over profit, and where individuals live meaningfully, free from the systemic pressures of capitalism. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Tonghang T1 - A Study on the Theme of Loneliness in Süskind's >The Double Bass< from the Perspective of Fromm's New Psychoanalysis [弗洛姆新精神分析视角下聚斯金德《低音提琴》的孤独主题研究], Master thesis, World Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2024 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 帕特里克·聚斯金德(Patrick Süskind)是德国当代著名小说家、剧作家及电影编剧。1980年,他的处女作独幕单人剧《低音提琴》在慕尼黑首演即获得巨大成功,由此成为欧洲话剧舞台上常演不衰的经典剧目,这也为他后续作品《鸽子》《夏先生的故事》《香水》中对于孤独主题的呈现以及孤独人物形象的构建奠定了基础。 孤独主题在《低音提琴》中表现尤为鲜明和突出。这部作品由一位国立乐团低音提琴手的喃喃自语展开。他置身于一间隔音良好的房间,独自一人饮酒、听音乐、拉琴,情绪极不稳定,时而大喊大叫,时而萎靡叹息。他的独白没有严谨的逻辑,想起什么就会引入大段>题外话<。他是与社会格格不入的局外人,孑然一身,内心极其矛盾,低音提琴是他唯一的朋友与爱人。聚斯金德聚焦于社会小人物的日常生活,而低音提琴手孤独落寞的命运生动体现了后工业时代下社会大众普遍存在的孤独、恐惧和焦虑,尖锐地反映了当代人荒诞异化的心理状态。 本论文采用艾里希·弗洛姆(Erich Fromm)的新精神分析理论,主要分析聚斯金德作品《低音提琴》的孤独主题,以揭示现代人内心的孤独本质。文章分别从主人公的社会处境、情感需要以及个体混合型社会性格三个层面出发,探讨这部作品孤独主题的人物塑造,挖掘主人公孤独的原因。另外,本论文分析了《低音提琴》孤独主题的叙事策略。 本文重点解决了以下三个问题:1.《低音提琴》塑造了怎样的孤独人物形象;2.作品如何艺术地呈现孤独主题;3.孤独主题的呈现具有怎样的现实价值。 通过研究得出结论:1.针对孤独人物形象的塑造,《低音提琴》构建了一个因情感需要长期得不到满足、郁郁不得志、非生产型性格突出的孤独者形象。首先,个体情感需要长期得不到满足,会引发精神孤独。低质的社会关系导致主人公内心压抑,家庭创伤与疏远的人际关系使他恐惧社会交往。个体在孤立无援的社会处境下必然感受到孤独挥之不去。主人公不得不面对有限生命与无限潜能之间的生存性悖论。资本主义社会下的劳动生产过程与消费行为的异化以及碌碌无为的乐团低音提琴手职业也加剧了主人公心理上的孤立无援。此外,个体性格的外化不仅是孤独产生的主观原因,也是孤独引发的结果,更是应对孤独的主体性尝试。低音提琴手面对客观存在的精神需要与个人理想的缺失,主观上通过三种表现以消极的态度应对孤独:(1)包括刻意避免社交和情感转移等方式在内的自我封闭;(2)自我意识过剩,极度自恋;(3)在社会中放弃个性,与大众机械趋同。 2.对于孤独主题的艺术呈现,聚斯金德交替使用第一人称视角和全知视角。主人公孤独的生活状态以内心独白的形式表现出来,读者能够走近主人公,洞察自己孤独的内心。而全知视角对主人公行为和周围环境的描写则让读者与故事保持适当的距离,避免深陷其中,理性思考这种现象。同时,作家打造了一个封闭压抑的空间,隔音极好的小房间推动了孤独氛围的营造。此外,音乐贯穿整部戏剧,听觉意象的调用使得独幕剧的呈现更加丰富,不同的唱片和主人公的演奏声隐喻主人公未来仍然孤独的命运。聚斯金德善于通过流动的叙事视角、封闭的叙事空间以及运用丰富的感官意象来营造孤独主题的氛围,表现孤独的普遍性和无可避免性,并逐渐形成了聚斯金德模式。 3.聚斯金德继承了德国文学传统书写主题,同时大胆创新,对于人物孤独形象的塑造以及孤独叙事技巧形成了聚斯金德模式,由此我们能够体会作者对现代社会中普通人的精神世界的准确把握以及他对于现代人孤独内核的揭示,具有强烈的现实意义。 N2 - Patrick Süskind is a famous contemporary German novelist, playwright and screenwriter. In 1980, his debut one-act play >The Double Bass< was a huge success when it premiered in Munich, and it became a classic play that is often performed on the European drama stage. This also laid the foundation for the presentation of the theme of loneliness and the construction of lonely characters in his subsequent works >The Pigeon<, >The Story of Mr Sommer< and >Perfume – The Story of a Murderer<. The theme of loneliness is particularly vivid and prominent in >The Double Bass<. This work unfolds with the mumbling of a >Double Bass< player of the National Orchestra. He is in a well-insulated room, drinking, listening to music and playing the violin alone. His mood is extremely unstable, sometimes shouting and sometimes sighing. His monologue has no rigorous logic, and he will introduce a long paragraph of >digression< when he thinks of something. He is an outsider who is out of tune with society, alone, and extremely conflicted. >The Double Bass< is his only friend and lover. Süskind focuses on the daily life of the little people in society, and the lonely fate of >The Double Bass< player vividly reflects the loneliness, fear and anxiety that are prevalent in the post-industrial era, and sharply reflects the absurd and alienated psychological state of contemporary people. This paper adopts Erich Fromm's new psychoanalytic theory to mainly analyze the theme of loneliness in Süskind's work >The Double Bass< to reveal the lonely nature of modern people. The article explores the character creation of the theme of loneliness in this work from three levels: the protagonist's social situation, emotional needs, and individual mixed social personality, and explores the reasons for the protagonist's loneliness. In addition, this paper analyzes the narrative strategy of the theme of loneliness in >The Double Bass<. This paper focuses on solving the following three problems: 1. What kind of lonely character image is created in >The Double Bass<; 2. How does the work artistically present the theme of loneliness; 3. What kind of practical value does the presentation of the theme of loneliness have. Through the study, we can draw the following conclusions: 1. In terms of the creation of the lonely character, >The Double Bass< constructs an image of a lonely person who is frustrated and has a prominent non-productive personality because his emotional needs have not been met for a long time. First of all, the long-term unsatisfaction of individual emotional needs will lead to spiritual loneliness. Low-quality social relationships lead to the protagonist's inner depression, and family trauma and alienated interpersonal relationships make him afraid of social interaction. Individuals in a helpless social situation will inevitably feel lonely. The protagonist has to face the existential paradox between limited life and unlimited potential. The alienation of the labor production process and consumption behavior in capitalist society and the mediocre career of >The Double Bass< player in the orchestra also aggravate the protagonist's psychological isolation. In addition, the externalization of individual personality is not only the subjective cause of loneliness, but also the result of loneliness, and it is also a subjective attempt to deal with loneliness. Faced with the objective spiritual needs and lack of personal ideals, >The Double Bass< player subjectively copes with loneliness with a negative attitude through three manifestations: (1) self-isolation, including deliberately avoiding social interaction and emotional transfer; (2) excessive self-consciousness and extreme narcissism; (3) giving up individuality in society and converging with mass machines. 2. In the artistic presentation of the theme of loneliness, Süskind alternates between the first-person perspective and the omniscient perspective. The protagonist's lonely life state is presented in the form of inner monologue, allowing readers to approach the protagonist and gain insight into his own lonely heart. The omniscient perspective's description of the protagonist's behavior and surrounding environment allows readers to keep an appropriate distance from the story, avoid being deeply involved in it, and think rationally about this phenomenon. At the same time, the writer creates a closed and depressing space, and the small room with excellent sound insulation promotes the creation of a lonely atmosphere. In addition, music runs through the entire play, and the use of auditory images makes the presentation of the one-act play richer. Different records and the protagonist's performance sound metaphorically imply the protagonist's future fate of still being lonely. Süskind is good at creating the atmosphere of loneliness through the use of fluid narrative perspectives, closed narrative spaces, and rich sensory images, showing the universality and inevitability of loneliness, and gradually formed the Süskind model. 3. Süskind inherited the traditional writing themes of German literature, and at the same time boldly innovated, forming the Süskind model for the shaping of the lonely image of characters and the lonely narrative techniques. From this, we can appreciate the author's accurate grasp of the spiritual world of ordinary people in modern society and his revelation of the core of modern people's loneliness, which has strong practical significance. [Translation: www.google translator, 3/2025 Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Ranqian T1 - >Kassandra< – Wahnsinn und weibliches subjektives Bewusstsein in Träumen [《卡珊德拉》疯癫与梦境中的女性主体意识], Master thesis, German Literature, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2024 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - 东德作家克里斯塔·沃尔夫于1983年创作了小说《卡珊德拉》,以卡珊德拉的视角讲述特洛伊战争期间的事件。本论文运用多元主题分析,分析卡珊德拉的疯癫和梦境中的精神错乱,深入揭示和阐述主人公卡珊德拉的成长经历与内心世界的心理活动的关联,关注卡珊德拉的主体化意识觉醒的过程。第一部分介绍目前学者研究《卡珊德拉》的现状。第二部分是以《卡珊德拉》为例对意识流和意识流小说进行介绍。这一章节概述小说基本情节和重要内容,并且重点解说小说中出现的关键性人物,联合文本进行分析。第三部分是论文里的理论介绍。本文关注>梦境<与>疯癫<,西格蒙德·弗洛伊德、荣格以及埃里希·弗洛姆关于>梦境<的心理分析的理论以及米歇尔·福柯、托马斯·昂茨和谢思勒关于>疯癫<的理解以及理论。第四部分理论性地分析作品中的梦境与疯癫情节。第五部分从作品>疯癫< >梦境<中分析主人公如何面对困境,从而了解卡珊德拉认识自我、形成身份的主体化过程。 小说主人公卡珊德拉的疯癫是现实与理想之间发生强烈冲突的一种自我保护,也是自我认识和身份形成的重要手段;卡珊德拉的梦境是现实世界对于自我内心世界的入侵,具有积极和消极两面性质,破坏了主人公内心世界的安宁,也引导主人公人认清现实;卡珊德拉通过疯癫、梦境等主要方式逐渐形成独立自我意识。 N2 - Die ostdeutsche Schriftstellerin Christa Wolf schrieb 1983 die Erzählung >Kassandra<, in der sie die Ereignisse während des Trojanischen Krieges aus Kassandras Perspektive erzählt. In dieser Arbeit werden mithilfe einer Mehrthemenanalyse der Wahnsinn und der Wahn in den Träumen der Protagonistin Kassandra analysiert, die Beziehung zwischen ihrer Wachstumserfahrung und den psychologischen Aktivitäten ihrer inneren Welt erläutert und der Prozess des Erwachens ihres subjektiven Bewusstseins skizziert. Im ersten Teil geht es um den aktuellen Stand der wissenschaftlichen Forschung zu >Kassandra<. Gegenstand des zweiten Teils eine Einführung zur Theorie des >Bewusstseinsstroms<, die am Beispiel der Erzäh¬lung >Kas¬sandra< verdeutlicht wird. Es werden die grundlegende Handlung und wichtige Inhalte der Erzählung beschrieben, wobei die Schlüsselfiguren im Mittelpunkt der Textanalyse stehen. Der dritte Teil dient der Einführung in die Theorie der >Träume< anhand der psychoanalytischen Theorien Sigmund Freuds, C. G. Jungs und Erich Fromms und denen des >Wahnsinns<, für die die Theorien von Michel Foucault und Thomas Anz sowie Phyllis Cheslers herangezogen werden. Im vierten Teil werden die Traum- und Wahnhandlungen im Werk theoretisch erörtert. Im fünften Teil wird analysiert, wie die Prota¬gonistin mit dem Dilemma durch >Wahnsinn< und >Traum< umgeht, um den Subjektivierungsprozess ihres Selbstverständnisses und ihrer Identitätsbildung zu verstehen. Der Wahnsinn von Kassandra lässt sich als eine Art Selbstschutz verstehen, der durch den starken Konflikt zwischen Realität und Idealen verursacht wird; er ist auch ein wichtiges Mittel zu ihrem Selbstverständnis und zu ihrer Identitätsbildung. Kassandras Traum ist die Invasion ihrer inneren Welt durch die reale Welt, die die doppelte Natur von Positiv und Negativ in sich trägt, er zerstört den Frieden der inneren Welt der Protagonistin und führt sie zur Erkenntnis der Realität; durch Wahnsinn, Träume und andere wichtige Mittel entwickelt sich ein unabhängiges Selbstbewusstsein. [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025 / MZ] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wu, Linrong T1 - A Study of Fromm’s Ideas on Human Freedom and Emancipation, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2023. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Fromm’s lifelong focus has been on the analysis of the dilemma of human existence, the critique of the current state of society, and the proposal of prescriptions for its salvation. Faced with the pathological Western society, Fromm devoted himself to finding answers for the salvation of society in various disciplines. In this regard, Fromm’s thought and his achievements have an important place in Western Marxism, and the study of Fromm and his writings is of great significance to the study of people and society at that time. The idea of liberal emancipation is the main element that runs through Fromm’s entire ideological perspective and is an important contribution to his Marxist theory of emancipation. His lifelong focus was on the >isolated modern man<, and he devoted himself to exploring the root causes of social pathologies and the existence of sick individuals, and finally proposed a prescription for saving sick Western society. The study of Fromm’s ideas not only deepens our understanding of Marxism, but also helps us understand the nature of capitalism and the superiority of socialism, and facilitates the essential criticism of the alienation of capitalist society. First, the thesis explores the ideological origins of Fromm’s liberal emancipation. The first task of the study of Fromm’s liberal emancipation idea is to achieve an exploration of its social background and theoretical origins. The heavy blows of the two world wars and the coexistence of prosperity and crisis in post-war capitalism have made people in capitalist society face the dilemma of being used as tools and suffering from relentless competition and pressure. While focusing on the development of Western capitalist society, Fromm focuses on drawing the essence of theories from Freudian psychoanalysis and Marxist theories and using them for himself, finally forming the idea of liberal liberation. Second, the dissertation analyzes and studies Fromm’s ideological perspectives on sound society and sound man. Combining the analysis of Fromm’s multiple texts, the thesis begins with Fromm’s goal of liberating human freedom, i. e. building a sound society and cultivating sound human beings. Finally, he proposes that the path to freedom and liberation is through psychological and social revolutions, pointing out that psychologi¬cal revolution is the revelation of the social unconscious and the cultivation of love and rationality, while social revolution is the simultaneous change in the economic, political and cultural fields, aiming at building a new society that can better adapt to the new man. Humanity is the starting and ending point of Fromm’s theory of freedom and emancipation. The goal of liberal emancipation is the return of human nature, which greatly highlights the status of human beings. But people in social life are always faced with various exis¬tential dilemmas, so the construction of a sound society is the need for the return of sound human beings. However, Fromm’s placing the liberal emancipation of human beings in the field of human-social relations is not in line with the actual social development. Third, the thesis provides a comparative study of the relevant discourses of Fromm and Marx. Although Fromm has certain differences with Marxist theory, his theory of human nature and human emancipation involved in liberal emancipation enriches the overall alienation of Marxism with a microscopic perspective, and there are reasonable points that have positive effects on the framing of today’s society and the shaping of sound human beings, and have important practical values for the development of contemporary China. From a dialectical point of view, Fromm’s idea of liberal emancipation also has certain shortcomings, which, together with its inherent utopian nature, lead to deviations from Marxism in the establishment of the goal of emancipation and the planning of the path to emancipation, and its proposed program for a sound society does not have a Marxist practical nature. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Jianjiao A1 - Yu, Xixia T1 - The Inescapable Plight of Life – A Study on Santosh’s Pursuit of >Freedom< in >One Out of Many< [走不出的生命困境——《合众为一》主人公桑托什的追寻>自由<之路] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (Social Sciences Edition) [上海理工大学学报(社会科学版)], (Accepted Version) Online First Publishing Date: 2024-11-05 16:24:47. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Writing about the plight of marginalized people in former colonies is an important theme in Naipaul’s novels. His early short story >One Out of Many< focuses on the protagonist Santosh’s life between >freedom> and >unfreedom<, reflecting about the spiritual dilemma of immigrants living in the center of West and their difficulties in eliminating constraints and gaining freedom. Based on Erich Fromm’s Freedom Theory and Freud’s Psychoanalysis, this paper explores the complexed game among Santosh’s >id<, >ego< and >superego< and his pursuit of >freedom<. Santosh gains a better understanding of both >self< and >freedom<, yet he still finds it difficult to get rid of constraints of >superego<. Hinduism in his motherland prompts him to resist the pursuit of fame and high status in American society. Ultimately he chooses to pray for inner peace and religious forgiveness in an >unfree< state. By this ironic image, Naipaul effectively critiques the alienation by American civilization and modernity, reflecting on his profound humanism. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 12/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Bo T1 - Love the Right Person, Every Day is Valentine's Day [爱对人 毎一天都是情人节] JF - Health Review [健康博览], No. 2 (2017), pp. 52-53. N2 - 爱对了人,每一天都是情人节。其实每个人一生之中,心里至少会爱上一个人,也许这个人知道,也许永远都不会知道。无论在什么时候,只要被提起,或者轻轻的一碰,就会轻轻微笑。怎么爱对一个人?需要观察,需要判断。高富帅、白富美是外在表现,爱的能力、爱的心胸是内在特征。心理学家弗洛姆有本书叫《爱 … N2 - Love the right person, every day is Valentine's Day. In fact, everyone will fall in love with at least one person in their life, maybe this person knows it, maybe he will never know it. No matter when, as long as it is mentioned or touched lightly, you will smile gently. How to love a person right? You need to observe and judge. Tall, rich and handsome, fair, rich and beautiful are external manifestations, and the ability to love and the heart to love are internal characteristics. Psychologist Erich Fromm has a book called >Love … [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkler, Heinrich August T1 - Review Fromm, E.: Arbeiter und Angestellte am Vorabend des Dritten Reiches. Eine solzialpsychologische Untersuchung (1980a, German): Bismarck neben Marx JF - Die Zeit, Hamburg No. 47 (14. 11.1980) Y1 - 1981 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiggermann, Karl-Friedrich T1 - Review Funk, R.: Erich Fromm: Mut zum Menschen JF - Pastoralkolleg der Evangelischen Kirche von Westfalen, Villigst, Februar 1979, p. 2 Y1 - 1979 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Wiesing-Brandes, Georg T1 - Walter Benjamin. Das Pariser Adressbuch. Eine Biografie des Exils im Spiegel, Wädenswil (Nimbus Verlag), 2025, 800 pp. Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Whitebook, Joel T1 - Psychoanalysis and the Frankfurt School JF - Critical Theory and Psychoanalysis. From the Frankfurt School to Contemporary Critique, London and New York (Routledge) 2022, pp. 1-25. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - White, John R. T1 - Colonizing the American Psyche: Virtue and the Problem of Consumer Capitalism JF - Critical Theory and Psychoanalysis. From the Frankfurt School to Contemporary Critique, London and New York (Routledge) 2022, pp. 211-230. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehr, Helmut T1 - Review Funk, R.: Ich und Wir, München (dtv), 2005 JF - Bildung und Wissenschaft, Stuttgart, 21. 10. 2005 Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wehr, Helmut T1 - Review Funk, R.: Ich und Wir, München (dtv), 2005 JF - Lehren und Lernen, Heidelberg Dezember 2004, pp. 3f. Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Wedemeyer, Catarina von T1 - Offene Dialektik. Poetische Form und Geschichtsdenken im Werk von Octavio Paz (Reihe: Mimesis, Band 75), Berlin/Boston (De Gruyter) 2019, 340 pp., deutsch. [ISBN 978-3-11-063120-3] N2 - Die Studie versteht das dichterische Werk des mexikanischen Nobelpreisträgers Octavio Paz (1914–1998) als eine in der poetischen Form ausgetragene offene Dialektik und eröffnet so neue Perspektiven auf das Œuvre. Ausgehend von exemplarischen Lektüren werden die ästhetischen Verfahren vor dem Horizont des politischen und philosophischen Denkens des 20. Jahrhunderts und der Geschichtserfahrung des Autors nachvollzogen. Die Hauptkapitel der Studie diskutieren Gedichte aus allen Schaffensphasen. Die in den Analysen aufgefundenen Konvergenzen zu Denkstil und Zeitkritik der Frankfurter Schule erlauben es, das Geschichtsdenken und den Freiheitsbegriff von Octavio Paz genauer zu fassen. Dessen Konturen sind durch eine tiefe Kenntnis der Schriften von Hegel, Marx und Freud sowie durch eine auf die lateinamerikanische Geschichte und Gegenwart bezogene Reflexion von Schlüsselbegriffen des Marxismus bestimmt. So gewinnt sein Schreiben vor dem Horizont der globalen Verwerfungen des 20. Jahrhunderts eine Kontur, deren Linien auch auf die Konflikte des 21. Jahrhunderts verweisen. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waska, Robert T1 - Interpreting with a Modern Kleinian view: Clinical examples of talk therapy and what is said JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 33 (No. 4, 2024), pp. 232-240. N2 - Case material, disguised for confidentiality, is used to show the way interpretations are made from the Modern Kleinian therapy approach and how these interpretations evolve during the course of a session and throughout treatment. Issues of focus on defense and/or internal phantasy conflict are discussed and the centrality of projective identification and phantasy are then illustrated. In detailed clinical reports, the patient’s internal object relational struggles are highlighted, explored, and challenged with supportive interpretation. This includes a focus on transference, countertransference, and containment. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wankmüller, Agnes Edith T1 - Demonstrating morality or symbolic mastery? Outrage dynamics on progressive social media communities versus a Frommian ethics of engagement - https://doi.org/10.1037/hum0000407 JF - The Humanist Psychologist (American Psychological Association - APA), Vol. 53 (2025), pp. 581-597. N2 - Contemporary outrage dynamics in progressive online communities are frequently dismissed by far-right critics as mere >virtue signaling.< However, this reductive framing obscures the complex motivations behind moral expressions in these digital spaces, which range from genuine ethical concern to hedonistic punishing and performative self-distinction. This article interrogates the ambivalent motivations for outrage within progressive social media communities, examining how hedonic or nonmoral motives can become foregrounded in commodified or algorithmically amplified social media environments. Drawing on critical theory and Bourdieusian social theory, I situate the engagement in these dynamics as affective and symbolic strategies that can function both as critical impulse and to obscure prevailing inequalities while reaffirming the outraged subject as >good.< Using Erich Fromm’s concepts of marketing orientation and social sadism, I reflect on how contemporary outrage practices reflect these distorted social characters shaped by capitalist incentive structures and attention economies. To offer an outline for ethical engagement in social media outrage, I utilize Fromm’s humanist social philosophy which puts emphasis on relatedness, autonomy, and solidarity, thereby providing a critical ethics that resists the logic of punishment and moral performance in commodified spaces. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved) Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Xueqi T1 - From Alienation to Productive Relatedness: Individual Anxiety in Doris Lessing’s Semi-autobiographical Novels, Master thesis, World Literature, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China 2024 application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Chinese abstract not available] Doris Lessing(1919 – 2013)is recognized universally as a distinguished writer in the modern English world. Her works, covering a diverse range of themes including colonialism and post-colonialism, female body and consciousness, and the history and future of humanity, probe into the characters’ psychological world and offer a faithful representation of modern individuals’ inner struggles. Studying the three semi-autobiographical novels Lessing published during the 1960 s and1970s – >The Golden Notebook<, >Briefing for a Descent into Hell<, and >The Memoirs of a Survivor<–, this thesis delves into the anxiety experienced by the three major characters portrayed in the novels and the state of alienation they were subjected to, and investigates the characters’ varying degrees of awareness regarding the root cause of their anxiety as well as their respective responses to the sentiment. On this basis, the thesis also tries to unveil Lessing’s perception of her own anxiety and its genesis in the twentieth-century Western world. This thesis is underpinned by Erich Fromm’s theory on alienation. Fromm’s perspectives, combined with the investigation of the issues of alienation and anxiety that plague Lessing and her characters, help this thesis reveal the fundamental cause of anxiety typical of the age and propose potential solutions to modern individuals’ anxiety. The main body of the thesis is divided into three chapters, which trace a phased process of individuals’ gradual resolution of their anxiety through transcending their alienated state. Chapter One examines the anxiety of Richard Portmain in >The Golden Notebook< as well as his insensitivity to his alienated state as the underlying cause of his anxiety. Mr. Portmain’s unrestrained eagerness for wealth, as a power extra¬neous to himself, precluded him from experiencing his selfhood in a way that threatened his psychological existence as an individual, and as his preoccupation with exchange extended into his interactions with others, his alienated interpersonal relationships plagued him by plunging him into a daunting state of >separateness<. Mr. Portmains’ unawareness of his alienated state as the root cause of anxiety hindered his actions to cope with the sentiment. Chapter Two investigates Charles Watkins’ awareness of the underlying cause of his anxiety as well as his struggles to eliminate the influence of alienation to battle his anxiety in >Briefing for a Descent into Hell<. Mr. Watkins’ anxiety stemmed from the opposition between the numb surrounding world and his own sobriety. He tried to construct within his mind an unalienated illusory world as a refuge from his anxious state, but this endeavor was cut short by the force of automaton con¬formity exerted upon him by the psychiatrists. Under great pressure, Mr. Watkins relinquished the self¬hood he obtained from the illusory world and returned to his original alienated state with worsened anxiety. Chapter Three explores the effective resolution of anxiety by Emily Cartright in >The Memoirs of a Survivor<. Emily’s anxiety was induced by her traumatic childhood experience, which led to her recognition of the menaced existence of her selfhood and the helplessly alone state she was in. Being conscious of her alienated state as the underlying cause of her anxiety, Emily actively ventured out to seek connections. After gaining a temporary sense of security by submitting to authority, Emily became aware that it is productive relatedness, rather than an alienated one, that held the key to the effective handling of anxiety. After establishing productive relatedness with herself and the world, Emily’s anxiety was effectively resol¬ved. The three characters’ struggles against their anxiety to some extent mirror Lessing’s interactions with her anxiety throughout her decades-long writing career and communicate her concern about alienation and anxiety as important social issues. With the three semi-autobiographical novels, Lessing transformed her personal experience into an archetype of modern individuals’ collective experience and proposed a feasible solution to the anxiety experienced by modern individuals. In a word, through studying Lessing’s representation of alienation and anxiety in her semiautobiographical novels, this thesis leads to the conclusion that individuals’ alienated state spawns anxiety by threatening their perception of their psychological existence and plunging them into a daunting state of >separateness<. This thesis, more importantly, unveils that modern individuals can effectively resolve their anxiety only after they recognize their alienated state and forge productive relatedness with their selves and the world to transcend the influence of alienation. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Panpan T1 - Research on Erich Fromm’s Theory of Consumer Alienation, Master thesis, Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Based on his historical context, Fromm absorbed the essence of previous thoughts such as Marx’s theory of alienation and Freud’s psychoanalysis, continued the Western humanistic critique tradition, and analyzed the phenomenon of consumption alienation in capitalist society from a social psychology perspective, thus constructing a consumption alienation theory with a unique perspective and humanistic concern. Fromm’s profound insights into consumption alienation not only provide a correct view of the issues and inherent drawbacks of consumption in capitalist society but also offer crucial theoretical support and inspiration for combating irrational consumption trends in China’s consumer market and realizing people’s aspirations for a better life. This paper, grounded in Fromm’s critical perspective on capitalist consumption alienation and its value orientation, starts from Fromm’s preliminary analysis of the phenomenon of capitalist consumption alienation, and further explores the causes and dissolution paths of consumption alienation. Finally, it dia¬lectically examines the strengths and limitations of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory from a Marxist perspective. Specifically, it explores the following four aspects: First, it examines the historical background and theo¬retical origins of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory. Historically, the advanced capitalist countries in the West accelerated productivity growth through Fordist production methods and ushered in an era of mass consumption. However, this material prosperity did not bring true happiness and freedom. Instead, frequent social crises such as the two World Wars and economic crises led to people’s suffering, wide¬spread loneliness, and helplessness. Theoretically, Fromm, after deeply studying and absorbing Marx’s theory of alienation, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, and Marcuse’s theory of consumption alienation, further developed and innovated to form his unique consumption alienation theory. Second, it analyzes the main content of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory. Fromm first defines the connotation of consumption alienation from a social psychology perspective, viewing alienation as the deprivation of individual productivity, manifested as a profound psychological experience. Essentially, con¬sumption alienation is a psychological experience of the separation of human existence and essence in consumption stimulated by capitalism, severing the true connection between people and consumption. Next, Fromm reveals the real manifestations of consumption alienation in capitalist society. This includes the alienation of the consumption subject, characterized by changes in consumer roles, needs, and per¬ceptions; the alienation of the consumption object, characterized by the commodification of identity, per¬sonality, and leisure time; the alienation of consumption means, characterized by the abstraction of money and the shift towards ownership priority; and the alienation of consumption purposes, characterized by the deviation from survival value to material satisfaction. Finally, Fromm emphasizes the triple dangers brought by consumption alienation, covering aspects such as mental negativity, resource depletion, and inter¬per¬sonal estrangement, revealing deep crises on the spiritual, ecological, and survival levels. Third, it deeply explores the causes and dissolution paths of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory. Fromm believes that the distortion of inherent needs rooted in human nature, especially the needs for relatedness, transcendence, and a sense of identity in capitalist society, is the internal mechanism of con¬sumption alienation. The large-scale industrial machinery, private ownership, advertising strategies, and the resulting social character in capitalist society jointly act and further exacerbate consumption alienation. Therefore, regarding the dissolution path of consumption alienation, Fromm proposes solutions on two levels. On the personal level, cultivating a productive character and emphasizing an existence-oriented way of living are key to overcoming consumption alienation; on the social level, establishing a humanistic socialist society supported by comprehensive economic, political, and cultural reforms is considered a fea¬sible solution to the problem of consumption alienation. This cause analysis and solution design that com¬bines individual psychology with social structure highlight the core features and uniqueness of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory. Fourth, it objectively evaluates the contributions and limitations of Fromm’s consumption alienation theory. Fromm insights into the inherent needs in human nature from a psychological perspective and his critique of consumption alienation in capitalist society enrich the research perspectives and methods of Marxism. At the same time, his proposed solutions express a deep concern for human existence and development, emphasizing the value of human subjectivity and have certain referential value. However, Fromm’s thoughts on consumption alienation also have certain limitations. His theory has contradictions and ambiguities, and the reform plan based on an abstract theory of human nature carries a strong utopian color in practice, deviating from Marxism and lacking the practical nature of Marxism. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wang, Nana T1 - Unconquerable Loneliness and Alienation: A Comparative Study of >The Heart is a Lonely Hunter< and >Of Mice and Men<, Master thesis, World Literature, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Both >the lonely hunter< Carson McCullers and >the spokesman for the underprivileged< John Steinbeck are considered the great American realists in the 20th century, and they share the common concern with the loneliness of marginalized characters in the process of Industrialization. In the novella >Of Mice and Men<, John Steinbeck pays attention to the miserable life of a group of itinerant ranch workers in California and tries to explore their spiritual predicament during the epochal times between 1929 and 1940, especially the various kinds of isolation suffered by them due to poverty, race, gender and disability. In Carson McCullers’ >The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter<, the depiction of loneliness is revealed through five radically different grotesques in a mill town, whose troubled lives intersect in the Depression era of the South. As current studies have mainly focused on the two novels respectively, this thesis intends to make a comparative study of the two novels under the guidance of Fromm’s alienation theory so as to examine the common alienation motif. By close reading of the two novels, this paper analyzes those isolated people’s shared embodiment of alienation, desperate struggle against alienation and causes of their doomed failure, and summarizes the universality and inevitability of alienation in the Depression-era America. With the combined perspectives of both a female writer and a male writer on the same motif, the comparative study on the two novels can provide us a more comprehensive understanding of alienation and help us to explore the spiritual plight of American marginalized figures in that period more extensively and perceptively, so that we can have an overall picture of the American society in the process of historical change. [English: www.cnki.net, 3/2025] Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Haobin A1 - Zou, Mengyuan T1 - >Fourfold Alienation< and >Total Alienation< – A Dialogical Analysis of Alienation Theories of Marx and Fromm [>四重异<化与>总体异化< – 马克思与弗洛姆异化理论的对话析论] JF - Journal of Wuling [武陵学刊, No. 3 (2025), pp. 17-24. N2 - 马克思的>四重异化<理论从劳动产品与劳动者、劳动本身、人类本质以及人与人之间的关系四个维度,揭示了资本主义社会异化现象的本质及其对人类自由全面发展的阻碍,批判了资本主义生产方式的剥削本质及内在矛盾,体现了对劳动人民的深切关怀。弗洛姆的>总体异化<理论则在马克思的基础上进一步拓展,将异化视为现代社会的普遍现象,从心理层面剖析了异化对人类精神世界的深远影响。马克思与弗洛姆的异化理论虽在核心本质上存在差异,但在对异化消费现象的批判与分析上具有深刻的共识:异化消费对个体和社会具有双重危害。面对异化现象日益凸显的复杂社会现实,自由人联合体与人类命运共同体理念为摆脱现代人生存困境、探索世界未来发展道路提供了重要的理论视角和实践方向。 N2 - Marx’s >fourfold alienation< theory reveals the essence of alienation in capitalist society and its obstacles to the free and all-round development of human beings from four dimensions: labor products and laborers, labor itself, human nature, and the relationship between people. It criticizes the exploitative nature and internal contradictions of the capitalist mode of production and reflects the deep concern for the working people. Fromm’s >total alienation< theory further expands on the basis of Marx, regards alienation as a universal phenomenon in modern society, and analyzes the profound impact of alienation on the human spiritual world from a psychological level. Although there are differences in the core essence of Marx and Fromm’s alienation theories, they have a profound consensus on the criticism and analysis of alienated consumption phenomena: alienated consumption has dual harms to individuals and society. Faced with the increasingly complex social reality of alienation, the concept of the free man's association and the com-munity of human destiny provides an important theoretical perspective and practical direction for getting rid of the survival dilemma of modern people and exploring the future development path of the world. [Translation: www.google translator, 6/2025] Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Gan T1 - The Mission of Criticism [批评的使命] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Southern Cultural Forum [南方文坛], No. 4 (1998), p. 3. N2 - 从事文学批评至今,快有十五个年头了。但从来没有象今天这样清醒地意识到批评的使命是如此的沉重。这种使命感一方面来自职业的驱使,作为一个文学批评的工作者,作为一个文学的研究者,他所必须坚持的立场、所必须保有的原则和所必须承担的义务就构成了他特有的使命;另一方面则来自作为一个健全人生和健全人性所必须拥有的基本理想,弗洛姆在《占有还是生存》一书中说得好,>我们人生来就有一种要求真正地生存的深刻愿望:去表现我们的能力、有所作为、与人联系在一起以及摆脱利己欲的约束<。 N2 - I have been engaged in literary criticism for nearly fifteen years. But I have never been so clearly aware of the heavy mission of criticism as I am today. This sense of mission comes from the drive of my profession. As a literary critic and a researcher of literature, the position he must adhere to, the principles he must maintain and the obligations he must bear constitute his unique mission; on the other hand, it comes from the basic ideals that must be possessed by a healthy life and a healthy human nature. As Fromm said in his book >To Have or to Be<, >We are born with a deep desire to truly live: to show our abilities, to make a difference, to connect with others and to break free from the constraints of selfishness.< [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wan, Xinrui T1 - Research on Fromm’s Freedom View from the Perspective of Marxist Philosophy, Master thesis, Philosophy, Jingdezhen Ceramics University, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] At present, the domestic theoretical research on Fromm mainly focuses on the art of love and escape from freedom, focusing on the analysis of the social problems existing in the social system at that time and the reasons behind it, in order to solve the freedom dilemma of some people. The existing literature mainly analyzes Fromm’s works from the Angle of psychology, ignoring the Angle of sociology and philosophy, so the research on the problem of freedom is not deep and comprehensive. Moreover, there are few researches on the relation and difference between Marxist freedom view and Fromm freedom view. This paper uses the method of multidisciplinary comprehensive analysis to describe the connotation, source, advantages and limitations of Fromm’s freedom view. In addition, this paper also makes a comparative analysis of Fromm’s freedom view and Marxist freedom view from many angles, finds the internal connection and difference between the two, and critically inherits the reasonable part of Fromm’s freedom view under the guidance of Marxist freedom view. This paper finds that Fromm inherits Marx’s materialist dialectics and other philosophical thoughts to a certain extent, and provides a new path and method for human freedom and liberation. However, Fromm still has some misunderstandings about Marxist philosophy, which makes it difficult to put his theory into practice. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is a comprehensive description of the research background and significance of the topic. Fromm’s freedom view has important reference value for exploring the problems existing in human spirit and psychology. The second part is to describe and analyze the connotation of Fromm’s freedom view, so as to have an overall understanding of his freedom view theory. The third part is to analyze the theoretical source of Fromm’s freedom view, so as to understand the reasons for its formation. The fourth part makes a horizontal comparison between Fromm’s view of freedom and Marxist view of freedom from the aspects of the subject of freedom, alienation (non-freedom) and discrimination of the concept that is easily confused with freedom, and finds the connection and difference between them. The fifth part criticizes Fromm’s freedom view from the perspective of Marxist philosophy, in order to preserve the reasonable part of his freedom view study. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 9/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vural, Aslı Elif A1 - Toplu, Mehmed T1 - Ijitalleşen Dünyada Yapay Zekâ ve Yabancılaşma: >Her< (2013) ve >Ex Machina< (2014) Filmlerinin Değerlendirilmesi [Artificial Intelligence and Alienation in the Digital World: Evaluation of the Films >Her< (2013) and >Ex Machina< (2014) JF - Iletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi, Vol. 69 (2025), pp. 177-193. [Online ISSN 2147-4524] [dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ikad/issue/90816/1567034] [doi.org/10.47998/ikad.1567034] N2 - Internet teknolojisi ve teknolojik aygıtların icadı, öznelerin pek çok şeyi hızlı bir şekilde üretmesini ve tüketmesini olanaklı hale getirmektedir. Teknolojik gelişmeler ve paralelinde kapitalizmle birlikte ortaya çıkan hızlı değişim ve dönüşüm, bireysel ve toplumsal düzlemde yabancılaşmayı da beraberinde getirmektedir. Teknoloji, gündelik yaşam pratiklerinden sanata varana dek, birçok noktada öznelerin ve toplumların merkezinde yer almaktadır. Diğer iletişim alanlarında olduğu gibi, sinema da bu değişimlerden etkilenmekte ve dijital teknolojilerin yoğun olarak kullanıldığı bir sanat haline gelmektedir. Sinemada yaşanan dijital değişimler ve yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin kullanımı, filmlerin teknik oluşum aşamalarından içeriğine değin üretim sürecinin bütün boyutlarını etkilemektedir. Çalışma, teknolojik gelişmelerle meydana gelen kültürel değişimi ve bunun sinemaya yansımalarını, >Her (Spike Jonze, 2013)< ve >Ex Machina (Alex Garland, 2014)< filmleri üzerinden analizini konu almaktadır. Çalışmanın kuramsal zemini, yabancılaşma kavramı çerçevesinde temellendirilmektedir. Çalışmanın yönteminde ise doküman analizi kullanılmaktadır. Yabancılaşma kavramı ve dijital teknoloji ilişkisi çalışmada, >Her< (Aşk, 2013) ve >Ex Machina< (2014) filmleri üzerinden karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmektedir. N2 - The invention of internet technology and technological devices makes it possible for subjects to produce and consume many things quickly. Technological developments and the rapid change and transformations that occur in parallel with capitalism lead to alienation at the individual and social levels. From everyday life practices art, technology is at the center of subjects and societies at many points. As in other fields of communication, cinema is also affected by these changes and is becoming an art in which digital technologies are used extensively. Digital changes in cinema and the use of artificial intelligence technologies affect all aspects of the production process, from the technical stages of film creation to its content. The study analyzes the cultural change that occurs with technological developments and its reflection on cinema through the films >Her (2013)< and >Ex Machina (2014)<. The theoretical ground of the study is based on the concept of alienation. The method of the study is based on documentary analysis. The concept of alienation and digital technology are related in the study. The films Her (Love, 2013) and Ex Machina (2014) are analyzed comparatively. Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vuletić, Mirna T1 - Potrošnja kao determinanta uspostave interakcijskih ritualnih lanaca kod studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu [Consumption as a determinant of the establishment of interactional ritual chains among students of the University of Zagreb], Master's thesis, Faculty of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia 2024, 54 + 7 pp., Croatian. N2 - Rad istražuje povezanost potrošačkih navika, socioekonomskih odrednica i društvenog života studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. U teorijskom dijelu su analizirani koncepti potrošačkog društva i ponašanja potrošača, uz naglasak na teoriju R. Collinsa o interakcijskim ritualnim lancima. Potrošnja, kao svakodnevna aktivnost, postaje društveni proces, oblikujući interakcije i emocionalne energije među studentima. Društveno okruženje potiče potrošačko ponašanje u smjeru veće potrošnje, ali i podrazumijeva interakciju s drugima. Nadalje, u empirijskom dijelu istraživanja, uzorak predstavljaju studenti različitih studijskih programa Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Mjerni instrument korišten u istraživanju je anketni upitnik sastavljen od pitanja o socioekonomskom statusu, potrošačkim navikama i društvenim aktivnostima studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Podaci su prikupljeni online, postavljanjem upitnika na društvene mreže poput Facebooka i Instagrama. Sudjelovanje je bilo anonimno i dobrovoljno, a prikupljeni podaci su analizirani kvantitativnim metodama. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom ožujka i travnja 2024. godine, a rezultati su pokazali statistički značajnu povezanost socioekonomskih odrednica, potrošačkih navika i društvenog života studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Prema rezultatima, studenti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu prilagođavaju svoje potrošačke navike financijskim aktivnostima, često koristeći studentske popuste te postavljajući prioritete u potrošnji. Isto tako, društvene aktivnosti su povezane s potrošačkim navikama studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, a jedna od popularnijih je odlazak u kafiće. Shodno istraživanju, potrošnja igra ključnu ulogu u stvaranju i održavanju interakcijskih ritualnih lanaca, doprinoseći društvenoj solidarnosti i koheziji. N2 - The master's thesis deals with connection between consumer habits, socioeconomic determinants and the social life of students at the University of Zagreb. In the theoretical part, the concepts of consumer society and consumer behavior are analyzed with an emphasis on R. Collins' theory of interactional ritual chains. Consumption, as a daily activity, becomes a social process, shaping interactions and emotional energies among students. The social environment encourages consumer behavior in the direction of higher consumption, but also implies interaction with others. Furthermore, in the empirical part of the research, the sample is represented by students of various study programs at the University of Zagreb. The measuring instrument used in the research is a questionnaire consisting of questions about the socioeconomic status, consumption habits and social activities of the students of the University of Zagreb. The data was collected online, by posting questionnaires on social networks such as Facebook and Instagram. Participation was anonymous and voluntary, and the collected data were analyzed using quantitative methods. The research was conducted during March and April 2024, and the results showed a statistically significant connection between socioeconomic determinants, consumer habits and the social life of students at the University of Zagreb. According to the results, students adapt their spending habits to financial activities, often using student discounts and setting spending priorities. Likewise, social activities are related to the spending habits of students, and one of the more popular ones is going to cafes. According to research, consumption plays a key role in creating and maintaining interactive ritual chains, contributing to social solidarity and cohesion. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vranicki, Predag T1 - (Socialism and the Problem of Alienation, Hebrew) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), (Socialist Humanism. An International Symposium - Hebrew), Tel Aviv (Sifriat Poalim), 1967, pp. 245-255. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Volpe, G. della T1 - (The Legal Philosophy of Socialism, Hebrew) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), (Socialist Humanism. An International Symposium - Hebrew), Tel Aviv (Sifriat Poalim), 1967, pp. 341-352. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Voigt, Katrin T1 - Nationalismus der Mitte in Deutschland. Zur alltäglichen Reproduktion von Nation und sozialer Ungleichheit, Bielefeld (Transcript: Edition Politik) 2024, 344 pp. N2 - Was ist der Nationalismus der Mitte? Katrin Voigt gibt auf Basis von Interviews einen Überblick über das Phänomen in Deutschland. Dabei arbeitet sie einerseits Grenzziehungen zum gewaltvollen rechten Nationalismus heraus, zeigt aber auch auf, welche Vorstellungen von nationaler Überlegenheit und welche Formen der Marginalisierung und Ausgrenzung anhand von Ethnizität und ›race‹ innerhalb des Nationalismus der Mitte existieren. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Nationalismus nicht ausschließlich als intendierte Praktik aufgefasst werden darf, sondern strukturell in nationalstaatlich verfassten Gesellschaften angelegt ist. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vamsi G, Madhu T1 - Erich Fromm JF - Telangana Journal of IMA, Vol. 3 (No. 1, 2023), pp. 35-37. [Online ISSN 3050-6166] [journals.lww.com/tjima/toc/2023/03010] N2 - Erich Fromm, German-born American psychoanalyst and social philosopher who explored the interaction between psychology and society. By applying psychoanalytic principles to the remedy of cultural ills, Fromm believed, mankind could develop a psychologically balanced >sane society<. Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Usak, Hale T1 - On female melancholia in migration: Interpretations from Turkish-Muslim culture with a case vignette JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 33 (No. 4, 2024), pp. 255-269. N2 - Today, melancholia is no longer used as a separate clinical picture in psychotherapeutic diagnostics. Instead, the symptoms are subsumed under major depression or dysthymia and understood as a disease concept. In both Freud's interpretation and in the artistic, Islamic, poetic, and medical-historical approaches in Turkish culture, melancholia is understood in a richer way than just in terms of a >disease-like disorder.< This article aims to emphasize the broader understanding of melancholia within the Turkish-Islamic context and illuminate intersections with psychoanalysis. Since the Islamic faith occupies an important place in the treatment and popular understanding of mental disorders both historically and to the present day, religious and mystical aspects related to melancholia are also considered in this article. A case vignette of a melancholic migrant woman with Turkish roots is used to trace the psychodynamic movements in her treatment. In order to follow this patient’s psychoanalytic process, the theoretical explanations in the first part of the article provide the sensibilization for a deeper understanding of the cultural and religious aspects important to the inner dynamics of this woman. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Toprakyaran, Erdal T1 - Islamische Mystik als gesellschaftskritische Kraft der Gegenwart JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 30 / 2026, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 054-077. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 16 Y1 - 2026 VL - d30/2026d ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Titmuss, R. M. T1 - (Social Welfare and the Art of Giving, Hebrew) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), (Socialist Humanism. An International Symposium - Hebrew), Tel Aviv (Sifriat Poalim), 1967, pp. 303-315. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - GEN ED - Tidemann, Markus ED - Bussmann, Bettina T1 - Genderfragen und philosophische Bildung. Geschichte – Theorie – Praxis, Stuttgart (J. B. Metzler) 2019, 299 +12 pp. [ISBN 978-3-476-04928-5] N2 - Mit diesem Band wird eine Lücke in der philosophischen Fachdidaktik geschlossen. Ein historischer Teil stellt zunächst bei gleichzeitig kritischer Diskussion Autorinnen und Autoren vor, die den Geschlechterdiskurs bestimmt haben. Danach wird ein Überblick über die sexuelle und geschlechtliche Vielfalt, ihre Grundlagen und Ausdifferenzierungen gegeben. In theoretischen Abhandlungen geht es anschließend um die Relevanz der Genderforschung für das Selbstverständnis philosophischer Bildung. Praxisspezifische Beiträge demonstrieren schließlich, wie Themen und Aspekte der Genderproblematik für verschiedene Altersstufen und Schulformen aufbereitet werden können. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thompson, Michael J. T1 - Critical Theory and Radical Psychoanalysis: Rethinking the Marcuse-Fromm Debate JF - Theory, Culture & Society, Vol. 42 (No. 3, 2025), pp. 59-74. [Online ISSN 1460-3616] [doi.org/10.1177/02632764241299350] N2 - I explore the ways that the debate between Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm relates to the possibility of informing both a critical psychoanalysis as well as how psychoanalysis can fit into critical social theory. I argue that Fromm’s emphasis on the social nature of the mind and the self is a more attractive template that Marcuse’s more anachronistic reading of Freud and his metapsychology. Fromm grants centrality to the issue of praxis as central to the nature of critique, both in terms of one’s relation to oneself in psychoanalytic terms as well as to the dynamics and structures of the social world of which we are a part. Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thompson, Michael J. T1 - The New Authoritarian Character: Group Narcissism, Psychic Regression and Late Capitalism JF - J. Fantauzzi, M. Levitin, T. Maley (Eds.), Erich Fromm and Left Strategy . New Paths Toward Radical Transformation, New York (Palgrave Macmillan) 2025, pp. 141-162. Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thomas, N. T1 - (Humanistic Socialism and the Future, Hebrew) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), (Socialist Humanism. An International Symposium - Hebrew), Tel Aviv (Sifriat Poalim), 1967, pp. 281-288. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taş, Ibrahim T1 - İnternet Bağımlılığı ile Yabancılaşma Arasındaki İlişkide Aracı Değişken Olarak Spiritüel İyi Oluş [Spiritual well-being as a mediator between internet addiction and alienation] JF - Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, Vol. 7 (No. 3, 2022), 281-300. [Online ISSN 2458-9675] [dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2634240] [dx.doi.org/10.37898/spiritualpc.1171408] N2 - İnternet bağımlılığının bireyin kişisel ve sosyal hayatı üzeirndeki olumsuz etkilerinden biri de yabancılaşmadır. Spiritüel iyi oluş hem internet bağımlılığı hem de yabancılaşma düzeyi üzerinde etkilidir. Bu çalışmada, internet bağımlılığı ile yabancılaşma arasındaki ilişkide spiritüel iyi oluşun etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma 183’ü (%57.2) kadın, 137’si (%42,8) erkek olmak üzere 320 üniversite öğrencisi üzerinde yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaşları 19-35 arasında değişmekte olup, yaş ortalamaları 20.74’tür. Veriler kişisel bilgi formu, internet bağımlılığı ölçeği, yabancılaşma ölçeği ve spiritüel iyi oluş ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları internet bağımlılığı ile yabancılaşma ve spiritüel iyi oluş arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu göstermiştir. İnternet bağımlılığı yabancılaşma ve spiritüel iyi oluşu anlamlı bir şekilde yordamaktadır. Spiritüel iyi oluş yabancılaşmayı anlamlı bir şekilde yordamaktadır. Spiritüel iyi oluşun internet bağımlılığı ile yabancılaşma arasındaki ilişkide kısmi aracılık yaptığı bulunmuştur (dolaylı etki= .1525). Sonuçlarspirtüel iyi oluş arttığında yabancılaşmanın azaldığını göstermektedir. N2 - One of the negative effects of Internet addiction on individuals’ personal and social life is alienation. Spiritual well-being affects both Internet addiction and the level of alienation. The present study investigated the mediator effect of spiritual well-being in the relationship between Internet addiction and alienation. The study was conducted with 320 college students: 183 (57.2%) female and 137 (42.8%) male. The ages of participants ranged from 19 to 35, and the mean age was 20.74. Data were collected using a personal information form, an Internet addiction scale, an alienation scale, and a spiritual well-being scale. The analyses showed that Internet addiction, alienation, and spiritual well-being were significantly correlated. Internet addiction significantly predicted alienation and spiritual well-being. Spiritual well-being significantly predicted alienation. It was found that spiritual well-being partially mediated (indirect effect = .1525) the relationship between Internet addiction and alienation. The results show that when spiritual well-being increases, alienation decreases. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tang, Chengzhu T1 - Escape from Freedom – A Frommian Interpretation of >Babbitt<, Master thesis, World Literature, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2024 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] >Babbitt< is the masterpiece of Sinclair Lewis, who was the first American winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. The novel’s protagonist, Babbitt, has a prosperous life but feels miserable. He desires to live a different life by conducting some rebellious behaviors. However, in the end, he compromises and returns to his former life. Lewis explores human’s dilemma of freedom through the depiction of Babbitt’s life. Erich Fromm’s viewpoint of >escape from freedom< provides a new theoretical perspective to interpret Babbitt’s final return. Babbitt enjoys the freedom of wealth, but the price he pays for that freedom is the inevitable feeling of loneliness and powerlessness. However, the alienation in capitalist society blocks his way to overcome loneliness by pursuing positive freedom; he has no choice but to escape from freedom to obtain a sense of belonging and security. With Fromm’s theories, this thesis attempts to explain how Lewis explores the phenomenon of escaping from freedom in modern society. First, the thesis explores Babbitt’s three ways of escaping from freedom, that is, the three psychological mechanisms he adopts: authoritarianism, destructiveness, and automation conformity. Second, it explores the reasons for Babbitt’s escape from freedom, namely the alienation that exists in society. Third, from the perspective of man and society, this thesis explores how people could gain positive freedom in society. This thesis concludes that Babbitt is not just Babbitt but also represents thousands of people struggling with the dilemma of freedom. The writing of Babbitt’s escape from freedom embodies the novel’s social power and Sinclair Lewis’s responsibility and mission as a realist novelist. It not only helps people to get out of the dilemma of freedom but also provides enlightenment for the problems that may arise in the development of modern society. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sviták, Ivan T1 - (The Sources of Socialist Humanism, Hebrew) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), (Socialist Humanism. An International Symposium - Hebrew), Tel Aviv (Sifriat Poalim), 1967, pp. 025-034 Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Supek, Rudi T1 - (Freedom and Polydeterminism in the Criticism of Culture, Hebrew) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), (Socialist Humanism. An International Symposium - Hebrew), Tel Aviv (Sifriat Poalim), 1967, pp. 229-243. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šunjić, V. T1 - Doktorat znanosti, njegovo znanstveno I društveno značenje nekad i danas [Doctoral Degree (Ph.D.): Its Scientific and Social Significance Then and Now] JF - Kemija u Industriji [Chemistry in Industry], Vol. 74 (No. 3-4, 2025), pp. 151-160. [Online ISSN 1334-9090] [hrcak.srce.hr/file/473837] [doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2024.053] N2 - U ovom ogledu razmatra se kako su promjene statusa visokoškolske edukacije, određene doktoratom znanosti kao postignu- ćem i kvalifikacijom za obavljanje intelektualno i stvaralački najzahtjevnijih zadataka u društvu, povijesno pratile promjene statusa bitka ili bivanja, kako pojedinca tako i društvene zajednice te kako su moral i kultura bitka sve više ustupali mjesto društvenom moralu i kulturi imanja ili posjedovanja. Sociološke, ekonomske i političke posljedice promjena statusa doktorata znanosti pokazane su na nizu primjera iz različitih sfera društvenog djelovanja. Na te promjene već nekoliko stoljeća utječu industrijski i ekonomski razvoj, posebno danas kad dolazi do smanjenja brojnih ljudskih aktivnosti. Postaje nepredvidivo kamo će čovječanstvo dovesti sve veće posjedovanje. Budući da je okosnica izloženih razmatranja pojava društvene dihotomije, jasno razlučene u filozofskim pojmovima bitak ili bivanje prema imanju ili posjedovanju, u tekstu je upotrijebljen kurziv za te osnovne pojmove i neke iz njih izvedene ključne fraze. N2 - This overview examines how changes in the status of higher education, defined by the Ph.D. degree (doctorate of science) as both an achievement and a qualification for performing the most intellectually and creatively demanding tasks in society, have historically paralleled shifts in the concept of being – both for individuals and for society as a whole. The moral and cultural emphasis on being has given way to a societal focus on the moral and culture of having or possessing. The social, economic, and political consequences of changes in the status of the Ph.D. degree are illustrated through various examples from different spheres of social activity. These changes have been influenced for centuries by industrial and economic development, particularly in recent times, as many traditional human activities are in decline. The path of humanity, driven by an ever-growing culture of possession has become increasingly unpredictable. Given that the central theme of the presented considerations is the emergence of a societal dichotomy, clearly delineated by the concepts of being and possession, these and other related terms are highlighted in italics throughout the text. Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Suchodolski, B. T1 - (Renaissance Humanism and Marxian Humanism, Hebrew) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), (Socialist Humanism. An International Symposium - Hebrew), Tel Aviv (Sifriat Poalim), 1967, pp. 035-043. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sujéska, Alen T1 - Osjećaj političke suvišnosti i evolucija zla [The Feeling of Political Redundancy and the Evolution of Evil] JF - Diskrepancija: Studentski časopis za drustveno-humanističke teme [Discrepancy: Students' journal for social sciences and humanities], Vol. 10 (No. 14/15, 2010), pp. 49-59. [Online ISSN 1333-9079] [hrcak.srce.hr/file/96680] N2 - Ima li u modernom društvu politička suvišnost (apatija) veze s fenomenom zla koji se manifestira u fizičkom nasilju – ovaj rad pokušava ustanoviti kroz analize Hanne Arendt, Franza Neumanna i Ericha Fromma vezane uz tu problematiku. Polazi se od fenomena >radikalnog zla< i >banalnog zla< koji svoj vrhunac postižu za vrijeme totalitarnih režima 20. stoljeća, da bi se preko osjećaja političke suvišnosti (kao jednog elementa >radikalnog zla<) i ambivalentnosti modernog identiteta svojstvenim modernim društvima, došlo do reakcija koje se pojavljuju kao posljedica toga – pri čemu se ukazuje na novi fenomen >latentnog zla<. Postavlja se pitanje: koja je uloga političkih sistema i/ili društva u svemu tome? Odgovor je nedvosmisleno jasan: danas se pojedinci latentno čine suvišnima, pa je tako i zlo (nasilje) koje iz te suvišnosti proizlazi također latentno. N2 - This article attempts at determining whether the feeling of political redundancy (apathy) in modern society is related to the phenomenon of evil which manifests itself in physical violence. The answer is sought through analysing Hanna Arendt, Franz Neumann and Erich Fromm’s works relevant for the subject. The phenomena of >radical evil< and >banality of evil<, which reached their peak during the totalitarian regimes of the 20th Century, are taken as the starting point. The feeling of political redundancy (as an element of >radical evil<) and the ambivalence of modern identity, both characteristic of modern societies, are later incorporated into the analysis in order to reach consequent reactions which indicate the new phenomenon of >latent evil<. What are the roles and responsibilities of political systems and/or societies in this process? The answer is unambiguously clear: today, individuals are latently being made redundant; therefore, the evil and violence which emanate from that redundancy must also be latent. Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Subaşi, Yakub T1 - Erich Fromm'un modernite eleştirisi [Modernity criticism of Erich Fromm] JF - Sosyolojik Düşün, Vol. 4 (No. 2, 2019), pp. 59-69. [Online ISSN 2587-2699] [dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/910617] N2 - Bu çalışmada 20. yüzyılın önemli sosyal bilimcilerinden biri olan Erich Fromm’un modernite eleştirisi ele alınmıştır. Fromm, dünyayı derinden sarsan birinci ve ikinci Harbi Umuminin öncesini, savaş esnasını ve sonrasını bu savaşlardan en çok etkilenen merkezlerde şahit olup yaşamıştır. Eleştirel düşünce geleneği içinde önemli bir yer tutan Fromm, modern toplumu farklı ve kendine has bir bakış açısıyla irdeler. O, modernitenin doğuşunu batı insanının despot kilisenin tekelinden kurtuluşuna dayandırır. Ona göre kilisenin tekelinden özgürlüğe giden yolda insanlık bütün zamanların en kötü koşullarını kendisinde barındıran modernitenin kucağına düşmüştür. O, moderniteyi insani özellikleri birer birer ortadan kaldıran sistemler bütünü olarak görür. Fromm’a göre modernite insanları başarılı bir şekilde istediği şekle dönüştürmektedir; kurulan modernite sistemi öylesine muazzam bir şekilde işlemektedir ki bu sistemi durduracak bir güç görünmemektedir. O, modernitenin hâkim olmaya başladığı toplumlarda bilumum herkes bu çarkın ağzına girdiğinden dolayı bu çarkın yanlışlarını görecek nazarların kalmayacağı (kalmadığı) kanaatindedir. Fromm’un modernitede eleştirdiği temel konuların başında; makineleşme, aynılaşma, cansıza yönelme, karar verememe, iletişimsizlik, tüketicilik, vb. gelir. N2 - In this study, the modernity criticism of Erich Fromm who is one of the important social scientists of the 20th century, is discussed. Fromm witnessed the before and after of the World War I and II which affected the world deeply, he lived during the war and saw the most effected centers of these wars. Fromm, who holds an important place within the tradition of critical thinking, analyzes the modern society from a different and unique perspective. He thinks that the birth of modernity comes from the liberation of the western man from the monopoly of the despot church. He believes that the humanity has fallen into the embrace of modernity, which contains the worst conditions of all times on the way from the monopoly of the church to freedom, He sees modernity as a set of systems that eliminate human characteristics one by one. According to Fromm, modernity successfully transforms people into the way they want it to be, and the established modernity system operates in such an amazing way that there is no power to stop it. He believes that in the societies where modernity has started to dominate, there will be (and there is) no regard to see the wrongs of this wheel because everyone knows it. Mechanization, dedifferentiation, inclination to lifelessness, inability to make decisions, lack of communication, consumerism, etc. are among the top subjects that Fromm criticizes within the scope of modernity. Y1 - 2019 ER - TY - GEN ED - Stumm, Gerhard ED - et al., T1 - Personenlexikon der Psychotherapie, Wien, New York (Springer) 2005, 559 pp., deutsch. [ISBN 978-3-211-83818-1] N2 - In diesem Band werden über 280 Gründerpersönlichkeiten und Personen, die einen nennenswerten Einfluss auf die Psychotherapie gehabt haben und aufgrund ihrer Beiträge für die Psychotherapie Anerkennung in der Fachwelt gefunden haben, von Experten aus den jeweiligen Fachbereichen, vorgestellt. Es werden Persönlichkeiten aus verschiedenen psychotherapeutischen Ansätzen und Arbeitsfeldern beschrieben, die für die Entwicklung der Psychotherapie in theoretischer Hinsicht bzw. für ihre praktische Bedeutung (Verankerung, Verbreitung, Versorgung, Forschung sowie mediale Wirkung) einen signifikanten Beitrag geleistet haben. Die Darstellungen umfassen jeweils im ersten Abschnitt Lebensdaten und Schaffensperioden sowie in einem zweiten Teil theoretische Schwerpunkte und Verdienste (auch in Bezug auf die Praxis). Ausführliche Bibliografien zu jeder Persönlichkeit ergänzen deren Charakterisierung. Die Persönlichkeiten werden in alphabetischer Reihenfolge und jeweils mit Foto dargestellt. Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strosberg, Benjamin B. T1 - Critical Theory and Anti-Semitism: Implications for Politics, Education, and Psychoanalysis JF - Critical Theory and Psychoanalysis. From the Frankfurt School to Contemporary Critique, London and New York (Routledge) 2022, pp. 131-157. Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - GEN ED - Straub, Jürgen T1 - Der sich selbst verwirklichende Mensch: Über den Humanismus der Humanistischen Psychologie, Bielefeld (Transcript) 2012, 263 + 3 pp., deutsch. [ISBN 978-3-8376-1699-6] [annas-archive.org/slow_download/157914128a1802169252bdcfb9d446fa/0/0] N2 - Die Humanistische Psychologie hat im 20. Jahrhundert eine enorme kulturelle und gesellschaftliche Wirkung entfaltet. Zahllosen Menschen, die nach >Sinn< suchten, gab sie die Richtung vor. Ohne diese wissenschaftliche und weltanschauliche Strömung ist das Programm der >Selbsterfahrung<, >Selbstaktualisierung< und >Selbstverwirklichung< des modernen Menschen nicht zu verstehen. Die Humanistische Psychologie hat zwar an direktem Einfluss verloren – ihr Geist ist aber noch präsent. Der Band analysiert verschiedene Aspekte dieser theoretischen und praktischen Psychologie aus disziplinären und interdisziplinären Perspektiven – und fragt nach ihrem >Humanismus<. Y1 - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steyerl, Hito T1 - >Praxis< heute. Erich Fromm Lecture 2025 JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 30 / 2026, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 097-106. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 15 Y1 - 2026 VL - d30/2026h ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steyerl, Hito T1 - >Praxis< heute. Erich Fromm Lecture 2025 JF - Erich Fromm Stiftung (Ed.), 2025: Erich Fromm-Preis 2025 an Hito Steyerl. Die Beiträge der Preisverleihung, Neuhofen/Ybbs (Zeuys Books), 2025, pp. 47-66. Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stamer, Melanie A1 - Umbach, Susanne T1 - Frieden lernen in unfriedlichen Zeiten. Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen für Friedensbildung in Schulen JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 30 / 2026, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 138-146. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 14 Y1 - 2026 VL - d30/2026k ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spiers, Robbie T1 - Love, Actually? Theodor Adorno, Erich Fromm, and the Possibility of Love in Capitalist Modernity JF - New German Critique, Vol. 51 (No. 3, 2024), pp. 45-68. [Online ISSN 1558-1462] [doi.org/10.17863/CAM.106983] N2 - Love is not regularly associated with the Frankfurt School. Theodor Adorno and Erich Fromm are not regularly associated with each other. Yet, when we bring these Critical Theorists’ works together, a rich discussion of love emerges. Love is viewed by both as a dialectical force, bringing two subjects into union while also allowing them to cultivate their individual selves. Fromm and Adorno operate within the same Marxist philosophical tradition, meaning that they share concerns about the increasing commodification of love and the disappearance of genuine, spontaneous relationships between people. The similarities are not endless, however, and important differences between them remain: Fromm, with his optimism and his concern for existential issues, maintains a belief in revolutionary political change and high spiritual ideals that the materialist pessimist Adorno resists as comfortable illusions. Through this philosophical encounter, two faces of Critical Theory emerge, one oriented toward an analysis of the present and the other turned toward hopes for the future. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spiegel, Jasmin T1 - >About false Jews<: Transgenerational posttraumatic identity confusions in Germany JF - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 33 (No. 3, 2024), pp. 184-192. N2 - In times of rising group-focused enmity and toxic polarizations between conflicted groups worldwide, a differentiated debate about the transgenerational complexities of German and Jewish posttraumatic entanglements of identity is needed. This article focuses on one specific and limited clinical phenomenon: the >adoption< by a few people in Germany of a Jewish identity that is not present in their own biography. An introduction to the phenomenon from clinical practice is followed by a brief historical and social contextualization, as well as theoretical models of explanation for the adoption of a potentially oppressed minority status. With reference to theories on social trauma and its transgenerational transmission to both victims and perpetrators, the psychoanalytic examination of a single case is used to develop the thesis that posttraumatic Jewish identity confusion and constructions are to be understood not only as an individual variant of >false-self,< but also as a form of transgenerational repercussion of the social trauma of the Shoah. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Song, Yongyi T1 - Ethics and Psychology – Two Topics in Lao She Research [伦理与心理——老舍研究二题] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Literary Review [文学评论] No. 6 (1987), pp. 87-95, 48. N2 - 一人对性和爱的态度是他人生观的雏型和人格优劣的标志——这一命题是佛洛伊德到弗洛姆所构筑的心理分析庞大体系中的理论支点之一。可能是某种渊源,抑或是某种巧合,它在中国现代作家的文学世界中,被浓厚的>感时忧国<的意识这样深化与廓大了:一个民族对性爱问题的伦理规范同样是衡量这一民族人格与文化优劣的标准。或许,从这一视角对浸渍着礼教渗水的中国文化进行反思,正可深入肌理,击中要害。因为>礼本于昏<(《礼记》),>君子之道,造端于夫妇<(《中庸》)。或许,也正因为如此,鲁迅才那么细致地描绘了阿Q——高尔础们的变态心理;郁达夫和茅盾的笔下才层出迭现了一批迹近放浪形骸的男女;而巴金则更直率地主张通过>私生活<、>爱情事件<来写。 N2 - A person's attitude towards sex and love is the prototype of his outlook on life and the mark of his personality quality – this proposition is one of the theoretical fulcrums in the huge system of psychological analysis constructed by Freud to Fromm. It may be some origin, or some coincidence, it is deepened and expanded in the literary world of modern Chinese writers by the strong consciousness of >feeling the times and worrying about the country<: the ethical norms of a nation on sexual issues are also the standard for measuring the quality of the personality and culture of this nation. Perhaps, from this perspective, reflecting on Chinese culture, which is soaked in the seepage of etiquette, can penetrate into the texture and hit the key points. Because >etiquette originates from dusk< (>Book of Rites<), >the way of a gentleman begins with husband and wife< (>The Doctrine of the Mean<). Perhaps, it is precisely because of this that Lu Xun so meticulously depicted the abnormal psychology of Ah Q and Gore; Yu Dafu and Mao Dun repeatedly presented a group of men and women who were almost bohemian; and Ba Jin more frankly advocated writing about >private life< and >love affairs<. [Translation: www.google translator, 1/2025] Y1 - 1987 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Song, Feifei T1 - On the Three Stages of Stockmann's >Escape from Freedom< in >An Enemy of the People< [论《人民公敌》中斯托克曼的>逃避自由<的三个阶段] [application of Fromm's theories to art] JF - Literary and Art Weekly [文学艺术周刊], No. 22 (2024), pp. 22-24. N2 - 剧作家易卜生以《人民公敌》中的主人公斯托克曼为代言人,阐述自己对资本主义社会中民主自由的道德观念的思考和审视。剧作中随着自由境遇的变化,斯托克曼的自由观也发生变化,呈现出不同的性格结构和行为表现。本文基于弗洛姆>逃避自由<的理论,将斯托克曼的经历划分为三个阶段:反权威、破坏、创造性劳动,解读各个阶段下他的性格结构和心理形式的不同表现和变化逻辑。对资本主义自由民主痼疾的批判是易卜生创作《人民公敌》的主要意图。 N2 - The playwright Ibsen uses the protagonist Stockmann in >An Enemy of the People< as a spokesperson to expound his thoughts and examinations on the moral concepts of democracy and freedom in capitalist society. As the situation of freedom changes in the play, Stockmann's concept of freedom also changes, showing different personality structures and behavioral manifestations. Based on Fromm's theory of >escape from freedom<, this article divides Stockmann's experience into three stages: anti-authority, destruction, and creative labor, and interprets the different manifestations and changing logic of his personality structure and psychological form in each stage. Criticism of the chronic disease of capitalist liberal democracy is the main intention of Ibsen in creating >An Enemy of the People<. [Translation: www.google translator, 12/2024] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sokolović, Džemal T1 - Balkanski ratovi, evropske vrijednosti i teorijske kontroverze [Balkan Wars, European values and theoretical controversies] JF - Godišnjak – BZK Preporod (Sarajevo), Vol. 14 (2014), pp. 25-48. [Print ISSN 1512-8180] [bzk.ba/wp-content/uploads/godisnjak-2014.pdf#page=14] N2 - Cilj ovog rada je približiti problem Balkanskih ratova (1912-1913) u svoj njegovoj složenosti i slojevitosti. Kao takvo, ovo pitanje zahtijeva multidisciplinarne analize. Korijeni i posljedice Balkanskih ratova nisu samo političke i vojne, nego i kulturne, socijalno psihološke, vjerske i prvenstveno nacionalističke. Neuspjeh u pružanju sintetički relevantnih tumačenja se podrazumijeva kako u ideološkim tvrdnjama, tako i u teorijskim kontroverzama. S ciljem da tome doprinese, autor namjerava otvoriti sljedeće teme: 1. “Istočno pitanje” kao korijen Balkanskih ratova; 2. Gdje su Balkanski ratovi zapravo počeli: u Bosni ili Berlinu?; 3. Da li je Bosna preobrazila “Istočno pitanje” u “Zapadno pitanje”?; 4. Balkanski ratovi / Svjetski rat: Kraj multietničke države i tijumf nacionalne države? 5. Balkanski ratovi: Sukob civilizacija ili sukob nacionalizma? 6. Teorijska dilema: oslobođenje nasuprot okupaciji ili obrnuto? Odgovori koje ovaj rad može pružiti rasvjetljavaju modernu historiju Evrope. Također, rad nastoji da ukaže na trenutne zabune Evrope o njenim vlastitim vrijednostima na temelju pouke iz Balkanskih ratova. N2 - The paper aims to approach the issue of the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) in its complexity and stratification. As such, the issue demands a multi-disciplinary analysis. The roots and consequences of the Balkan Wars are not only political and military, but also cultural, socio psychological, religious and primarily nationalistic. The failure in providing a synthetically relevant explication entailed in both ideological contentions and theoretical controversies. In order to contribute, the author intends to open following topics: 1. ‘Eastern Question’ as the root of the Balkan Wars; 2. Where have the Balkan Wars actually started: in Bosnia or Berlin?; 3. Did Bosnia transformed the ‘Eastern Question’ into a “Western Question”?; 4. The Balkan Wars/the Great War: the End of Multi-ethnic state and the Triumph of Nation State? 5. The Balkan Wars: Clash of Civilizations or Clash of Nationalisms? 6. Quite a Theoretical Dilemma: Liberation vs. Occupation, or vice versa? The answers provided by the paper might shed light on modern history of Europe. It also pretends to point out the Europe’s current embarrassments with its own values on the basis of lessons from the Balkan Wars. Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Smith, David Norman T1 - The Agitator Supplies What the Base Demands: Trumpism Before and After Donald Trump JF - Critical Sociology, Vol. 50 (No. 4-5, 2024), pp. 813-843 [Online ISSN 1569-1632] [doi.org/10.1177/08969205231208921] N2 - The fierce loyalty of Donald Trump’s base has long mystified his critics. For 8 years now, they have expressed puzzlement that his followers support him >despite everything< – despite his incendiary rhetoric, his misogyny, his racial prejudices, and his authoritarianism. In this paper, I argue that, in fact, Trump’s hectic agitation is precisely what his base wants. My reading of the data – including data I gathered with my collaborator, Eric Hanley, in 2016 – is that Trump owes his demagogic success to the fact that he says what his followers want him to say and acts accordingly. Donald Trump, today’s agitator par excellence, supplies what his base demands. Trump, in short, is less an architect of Trumpism than its reflex. However effectively he performs in the public arena, he remains an emissary, personifying a social movement that preceded him and will survive him. And that movement, I will argue, is authoritarian in a very specific sense – driven by a wish for a domineering leader who is loyal to his partisans and hostile to their adversaries. Analytic insight into this phenomenon is drawn, below, from a range of authors, including marketing professionals and critical theorists including Erich Fromm and Theodor W. Adorno. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Slugan, Nikolina T1 - Reprezentacija patrijarhata kroz lik očinske figure u romanima Vjenceslava Novaka [Representation of patriarchy through the image of a father figure in the novels of Vjenceslav Novak], Undergraduate thesis, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia 2024, 44 + 7 pp., Croatian. N2 - U središtu je ovog istraživanja reprezentacija patrijarhata kroz lik očinske figure u romanima Vjenceslava Novaka. U hrvatskoj se književnosti 19. stoljeća Novak ističe svojim realističnim prikazom svih društvenih slojeva, pa tako i prikazom patrijarhalnog društvenog poretka. Na samome su početku ovog istraživanja definirani pojmovi >patrijarhata< i >očinske figure< koje je nužno shvatiti za daljnje čitanje i razumijevanje rada. Središnji se dio rada bavi reprezentacijom patrijarhata kao realističkog temata u konstruktu očinske figure u Novakovu romanu Posljednji Stipančići (1899) tako da su se, uz pomoć stručne literature, detaljno analizirala obilježja patrijarhata u odnosu oca i sina te u odnosu oca i kćeri. Tijekom analize navedenih odnosa ponajviše će se isticati kći Lucija Stipančić, budući da njezin lik predstavlja nosioca društvenih promjena. Nadalje se rad bavi i reprezentacijom depatrijarhalizacije kroz izostanak očinske figure u Novakovu romanu Pavao Šegota (1888) koja se odvija na razini karakterizacije subjekta, glavnoga lika, na čiju karakterizaciju taj izostanak utječe. U navedenom će poglavlju zbog izostanka očinske figure naglasak biti na odnosu glavnog lika Pavla Šegote prema njegovim dvjema sestrama. Naposljetku će biti zaključeno kako su u dvama Novakovim romanima obilježja patrijarhata vrlo zastupljena, ali da u drugom spomenutom romanu dolazi do odstupanja od zadanosti patrijarhalnih normi u konstruktu protagonista. N2 - At the center of this research is the representation of patriarchy through the image of a father figure in the novels of Vjenceslav Novak. In the Croatian literature of the 19th century, Novak stands out for his objective portrayal of all social strata, including his portrayal of the patriarchal social order. At the very beginning of this research, the terms >patriarchy< and >father figure< were defined, which must be understood for further reading and understanding of the work. The central part of the paper deals with the representation of patriarchy as a realistic theme in the construction of the father figure in Novak's novel Posljednji Stipančići (1899), so that, with the help of professional literature, the features of patriarchy in the relationship between father and son and in the relationship between father and daughter were analyzed in detail. During theanalysis of the aforementioned relationships, the daughter Lucija Stipančić will stand out the most, since her character represents the bearer of social changes. Furthermore, the paper deals with the representation of depatriarchalization due to absence of father figure in Novak's novel Pavao Šegota (1888), which takes place at the level of the characterization of the subject, the main character, whose characterization is affected by this absence. In the aforementioned chapter, due to the absence of a father figure, the emphasis will be on the relationship between the main character Pavao Šegota and his two sisters. At the very end, it will be concluded that in two of Novak's novels the features of patriarchy are very present, but that in the second mentioned novel there is a deviation from the default of patriarchal norms in the construction of the protagonist. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Škoda, Ema T1 - Psihoanalitički pristup Sofoklovu Kralju Edipu I Shakespeareovu Hamletu [Psychoanalytic Approach to Sophocles' Oedipus Rex and Shakespeare's Hamlet], Undergraduate thesis, Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia, 25 + 6 pp., Croatian [application of Fromm's theories to art]. N2 - Književnost i psihologija su, na neki način, međusobno povezane. Interpretirajući bilo koji književni tekst, uvijek se fokusiramo na likove koji se pojavljuju u tom književnom tekstu/djelu. Lako se može primijetiti uloga koje psihologija, ali i psihoanaliza imaju u interpretaciji književnih djela i likova. Tako likove u književnim djelima pokušavamo okarakterizirati, shvatiti njihovo određeno ponašanje, uvidjeti uzroke i posljedice za njihova djela i djelovanje. Nekada se pokušavamo poistovjetiti s likovima, s njihovim manama i vrlinama te kroz događaje kroz koje prolaze. Također, kroz primjere fikcijskih likova možemo učiti i to naučeno primijeniti na realan svijet. Jedan od najznačajnijih psihoanalitičara, tvorac psihoanalitičke teorije, Sigmund Freud, dokaz svoje teorije pronalazio je upravo u književnim djelima, prvenstveno u Sofoklovu Kralju Edipu i Shakepseareovu Hamletu. Freudov psihoanalitički pristup spomenutim tragedijama bit će razmatran dalje u radu. Osim Freuda, u radu će biti spomenuti i drugi psihoanalitičari kao što su Fromm, Lacan, Nussbaum, Jonesa i Rand sa svojim psihoanalitičkim pristupima spomenutim tragedijama. Oni su, uz Freuda, jedni od vodećih teoretičara psihoanalize koji su ili podržavali Freudove teze ili ih opovrgavali. U prvom dijelu rada bit će riječi o pojmu tragedije budući da su Kralj Edip i Hamlet tragedije, zatim će biti riječi o psihoanalizi i ključnim pojmovima vezanim uz psihoanalizu kao što su: djetinjstvo, seksualnost, nesvjesno, Edipov kompleks. Najveći dio rada zauzimaju već spomenuti psihoanalitički pristupi Sofoklovu Kralju Edipu i Shakepseareovu Hamletu. Na samom kraju rada prikazani je psihoanalitički pristup Ofelijinom ludilu u tragediji Hamlet. Iako je lik Ofelije zanimljiv tijekom cijele tragedije, rijetko tko se bavio razmatranjem njezina lika, stoga ću se osvrnuti i na sam lik Ofelije – prikaz njezina ludila. [Introduction] Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sjödin, Christer T1 - Jan Stensson, 1935–2024, Founding Editor of IFP T2 - International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 33 (No. 3, 2024), pp. 214-215. Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shi, Xiaoqi T1 - A Critical Study of Fromm's Humanistic Thought, Master thesis, Philosophy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China 2024. N2 - [Chinese abstract not available] Erich Fromm, as one of the members of the Frankfurt School, his humanology are rich in content. However, since these ideas are scattered in his works, systematic and concentrated research is needed to present his ideas. Fromm’s humanology can be summarized into two main aspects: the relationship between man and nature and the relationship between man and society. This paper is divided into an introduction and the main body. The main body of this thesis is divided into three major parts. The three parts are organized according to the framework of forming history, posing problems and solving problems, and general comments. Specifically, firstly, in the formation history part, the historical background of Fromm’s humanology is specifically divided into a small environment and the general environment. Fromm’s humanology is derived from Marx’s theory of alienated labor and human nature as well as Freud’s psychoanalytic doctrine. Secondly, in the raising problems and solving problems part, the concrete content of Fromm’s humanology is discussed. Combining two main aspects, this paper studies the relationship between man and nature and between man and society contained in the Fromm’s humanology. The dilemma of the relationship between man and nature lies in human possessive way of life, while the dilemma of the relationship between man and society lies in the alienation of love between person and person. Whereafter, on the basis of the problem, the corresponding solutions are found, that is, to get rid of the dilemma of the relationship between man and nature and man and society lies in becoming the mode of existence and carrying out a series of social reforms; finally, in connection with Marx’s view of humanology, this paper critically comments on Fromm’s anthropological thought in general: Fromm has a one-sided understanding of Marx’s concept of >possession<. Fromm fails to see the >realistic person<. At the same time, Fromm ignores >all-round development of human beings<. In short, there are some irrationalities in Fromm’s humanology, which only inherits a part of Marx’s thought but does not go beyond it indeed. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2025] Y1 - 2024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Senghor, L. S. T1 - (Socialism Is a Humanism, Hebrew) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), (Socialist Humanism. An International Symposium - Hebrew), Tel Aviv (Sifriat Poalim), 1967, pp. 054-065. Y1 - 1967 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sekirica, Vjekoslav T1 - Paradigma medijske persuazivnosti u društvu današnjice [The paradigm of media persuasion in today's society], Master's thesis, Zagreb School of Business, Zagreb, Croatia 2020, 50 + 8 pp., Croatian. N2 - Temeljna namjena ovog rada jest opisati informaciju kao najvrjedniju valutu vremena od postmoderne do danas. Polazeći od temelja, sustavno su opisani mediji masovne isporuke informacija te primjerima potkrijepljeni problemi s kojima se susreću pošiljatelji i primatelji medijskih poruka. Rad pomno definira informacijske alate današnjice, njihov doseg prema unutarnjim i vanjskim javnostima, medijsku pragmatičnost kao motiv korištenja tih alata, ali i opće karakteristike razvoja globalne komunikacije. Kroz raspravu temeljenu na sekundarnim podacima, rad opisuje principe medijske komunikacije današnjice te, kao intrigirajuću osnovu postavlja problem informacijske disonance u masovnim medijima. Opisuje se i globalni socioekonomski te politički okoliš u kojemu se odvija medijski komunikacijski proces. Osobiti naglasak stavlja se na brzi razvoj tehnologije. Svojim promjenama napredak informacijske tehnologije stvara fantastičan okoliš za veliki iskorak medijske evolucije, ubrzano korištenje svake dostupne opcije za razvoj medijskih alata i tehnika te strategija medijskog komuniciranja. Nadalje, u radu se dokazuje stratifikcija kategorija primatelja medijskih informacija s obzirom na stupanj privilegije glede vladajuće političke opcije, geolokacije, struke, položaja u društvu, a poglavito naspram osobnog i lokalnog standarda. S aspekta motiva kreiranja ljestvice privilegija, promatrani su ciljevi vlasnika masovnih medija, političara i općenito pozicije moći koja pomoću opinion makera i tehnika plasiranja vijesti postiže vlastite ciljeve. Nova javnost jest promijenjena publika - korisnici medija - koja je uznapredovala u zahtjevima i stavovima. Rad strukturira primatelje informacija naspram tehnoloških promjena koje su se dogodile u medijskom komunikacijskom procesu u odnosu na brzu, specijaliziranu i dvosmjernu komunikaciju nove javnosti, a poseban je naglasak stavljen na konstantnu i ažurnu promjenu isporučitelja medijskog sadržaja i strategije komuniciranja prema novoj javnosti. U konačnici, rad rezultira sažetkom sadašnjeg stanja te razvoja komunikacije u budućnosti koja podupire staru alegoriju da je pero jače od mača. N2 - he basic purpose of this paper is to describe information as the most valuable currency of postmodern times onwards. Starting from the ground up, the media of mass delivery of information are systematically described and the problems encountered by senders and recipients of media messages are based on examples. The paper carefully defines today's information tools, their reach to internal and external publics, media pragmatism as a motive for using these tools, but also the general characteristics of the development of global communication. Through a discussion based on secondary data, the paper describes the principles of media communication today and, as an intriguing basis, sets the problem of information dissonance in the mass media. The global socio-economic and political environment in which the media communication process takes place is also described. Particular emphasis is placed on the rapid development of technology. With its changes, the advancement of information technology creates a fantastic environment for a great step forward in media evolution, the accelerated use of every available option for the development of media tools and techniques, and media communication strategies. Furthermore, the paper proves the stratification of the categories of recipients of media information with regard to the degree of privilege regarding the ruling political option, geolocation, profession, position in society, and especially according to personal and local standards. From the aspect of the motive for creating a scale of privileges, the goals of mass media owners, politicians and the position of power in general, which achieves its own goals with the help of opinion makers and news placement techniques, are observed. The new public is a changed audience – media users – that has advanced in demands and attitudes. The paper structures the recipients of information in relation to technological changes that have occurred in the media communication process in relation to fast, specialized and two-way communication of the new public, with special emphasis on constant and up-to-date change of media content providers and communication strategy towards the new public. Ultimately, the work results in a summary of the current state and the development of communication in the future that supports the old allegory that the pen is stronger than the sword. Y1 - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Secchi, Bettina T1 - Haben oder Sein? Haben vor Sein! JF - Tessiner Zeitung, 21. März 2025, p. 15. Y1 - 2025 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwan, Gesine T1 - Humanismus und Lust an der Zerstörung JF - Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe – ISSN 1437-0956), 30 / 2026, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 194-200. T3 - Fromm Forum (German edition / deutsche Ausgabe) - 13 Y1 - 2026 VL - d30/2026o ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Schneider, Christiane T1 - Im Lehrhaus des Wortes. Reden und Aufsätze. Friedrich Weinreb zum hundersten Geburtstag, Zürich (Verlag Friedrich Weinreb Stiftung), 2010, 384 pp. Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidbauer, Wolfgang T1 - Review Funk, R.: Ich und Wir, München (dtv), 2005: Der letzte Assistent JF - Psychologie heute, Weinheim, Juni 2005, pp. 76f. Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schindel, Rolf T1 - Review Funk, R.: Erich Fromm. Bildmonographie JF - Rias Berlin Kirchenfunk (23. Dezember 1983). Y1 - 1983 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schatz, Oskar A1 - Winter, E. F. T1 - (Alienation, Marxism, and Humanism (A Christian Viewpoint), Hebrew) JF - E. Fromm (Ed.), (Socialist Humanism. An International Symposium - Hebrew), Tel Aviv (Sifriat Poalim), 1967, pp. 256-270. Y1 - 1967 ER -