@article{Maeder, author = {M{\"a}der, Ueli}, title = {Neue {\"o}kologische Bed{\"u}rfnisse mit neuen Sozial-Charakteren}, series = {Sozialalmanach 2024. Sozial{\"o}kologische Wende und Armut in der Schweiz, Luzern (Caritas-Verlag) 2024, pp. 143-156.}, journal = {Sozialalmanach 2024. Sozial{\"o}kologische Wende und Armut in der Schweiz, Luzern (Caritas-Verlag) 2024, pp. 143-156.}, language = {de} } @misc{MaederAenishaenslin, author = {M{\"a}der, Ueli and Aenish{\"a}nslin, Daniel}, title = {Der Preis passt zu meiner Arbeit. Interview von Daniel Aenish{\"a}nslin}, series = {Basler Zeitung, 21. M{\"a}rz 2022, Kultur und Gesellschaft, S. 17.}, journal = {Basler Zeitung, 21. M{\"a}rz 2022, Kultur und Gesellschaft, S. 17.}, language = {de} } @article{Mahnkopf, author = {Mahnkopf, Birgit}, title = {>Green Deal< als Pfad {\"o}kologischer Transformation im Kapitaloz{\"a}n?}, series = {Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe - ISSN 1437-0956), 27 / 2023, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 145-161.}, volume = {d27/2023k}, journal = {Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe - ISSN 1437-0956), 27 / 2023, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 145-161.}, language = {de} } @article{Maiwald, author = {Maiwald, Florian}, title = {The Burden of Freedom: Sartre's Sleep and Fromm's Awakening}, series = {Epoch{\´e} Magazine, Issue \#56, October 2022.}, journal = {Epoch{\´e} Magazine, Issue \#56, October 2022.}, language = {en} } @misc{Lukešova, author = {Lukešov{\´a}, Nikola}, title = {L{\´a}ska a nen{\´a}vist [Love and Hate], Bachelor thesis, Philosophy, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Poland 2013, 59 pp.}, abstract = {Tato bakal{\´a}řsk{\´a} pr{\´a}ce pojedn{\´a}v{\´a} o v{\´y}kladu l{\´a}sky a nen{\´a}visti, zejm{\´e}na na z{\´a}kladě dvou v{\´y}znamn{\´y}ch psychologů Ericha Fromma a Carla Gustava Junga. V {\´u}vodu je pops{\´a}na obecn{\´a} charakteristika l{\´a}sky a nen{\´a}visti pomoc{\´i} literatury Petera Laustera či M. Scott Pecka. V pr{\´a}ci se zaměřuji na to, jak Erich Fromm ve sv{\´y}ch stěžejn{\´i}ch d{\´i}lech pojedn{\´a}v{\´a} o l{\´a}sce a rozeb{\´i}r{\´a} jednotliv{\´e} druhy l{\´a}sky. D{\´a}le se věnuji tomu, co je př{\´i}činou nen{\´a}visti a destruktivity podle E. Fromma. U Carla Gustava Junga jsem se zaměřila předevš{\´i}m na archetyp anima a animus, na jejichž z{\´a}kladě se posl{\´e}ze dost{\´a}v{\´a}m k jeho pojet{\´i} manželstv{\´i} jako psychologick{\´e}ho vztahu. Nen{\´a}vist jako takovou, s{\´a}m o sobě Jung př{\´i}mo neřeš{\´i}, avšak pomoc{\´i} archetypů vztahuj{\´i}c{\´i} se k temn{\´e} str{\´a}nce člověka, lze vyč{\´i}st, co vede jedince ke špatn{\´e}mu jedn{\´a}n{\´i}. J{\´a} rozeb{\´i}r{\´a}m konkr{\´e}tně jeho pojet{\´i} archetypu st{\´i}n. V z{\´a}věru shrnuji vešker{\´e} poznatky z{\´i}skan{\´e} na z{\´a}kladě studi{\´i} v t{\´e}to pr{\´a}ci.}, language = {pl} } @misc{Lunsky, author = {Lunsky, Louis L.}, title = {Review Pears, J.: The Conditions of Human Growth}, series = {Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 112, No. 6 (1963), pp. 1007-1008. [Print ISSN 0003-9926] [doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1963.03860060219052]}, journal = {Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 112, No. 6 (1963), pp. 1007-1008. [Print ISSN 0003-9926] [doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1963.03860060219052]}, abstract = {This volume is the first major expansion of the interpersonal theory of psychiatry since the death of Harry Stack Sullivan. The authors, who are husband and wife, are directors of the Sullivan Institute for Research in Psychoanalysis. In addition to drawing in a major way on Sullivan's formulations, the authors were influenced by the particular approach of Drs. Frieda Fromm-Reichman, Erich Fromm, and Clara Thompson. The central idea of this book is that the life history of any particular individual can only be understood by the quality of his relatedness with significant people. The therapist is the agent who will help catalyze or impede the forces within the individual towards growth. The authors delineate the elements which need affirmation in order for human capacities to be realized. The text is divided into five sections: the structure of personality, normal sequence in interpersonal growth, love and hate, diagnostic categories in interpersonal […]}, language = {en} } @misc{Lunsky, author = {Lunsky, Louis L.}, title = {Review Fromm, E.: The Dogma of Christ and Other Essays on Religion, Psychology and Culture (1963a, English)}, series = {Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 113, No. 3 (1964), pp. 465-466. [Print ISSN 0003-9926] [doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1964.00280090151032]}, journal = {Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 113, No. 3 (1964), pp. 465-466. [Print ISSN 0003-9926] [doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1964.00280090151032]}, abstract = {Of all the psychological theorists who have tried to formulate a system better than Freud's to approach problems of contemporary life, no one has been more creative or influential than Erich Fromm. He is the most articulate advocate on the role of social forces in molding our character and on our manner of relating to others. This volume is an expansion of his systematic doctrine. >The Dogma of Christ<, which is also the longest essay in this collection, appears in English for the first time. It was written thirty years ago, when Fromm identified himself with the orthodox wing of the psychoanalytic movement. He describes the experience of the early Christian community, with its emphasis on the role of the son, as an expression of the revolutionary stirrings of an oppressed minority against the paternalism of the Roman Empire. >The suffering Jesus originated primarily from the need for identification on […]}, language = {en} } @misc{Luo, author = {Luo, Ding}, title = {From Freud to Foucault - The Study of Oedipus Complex from A Triple Perspective, Master thesis, Art Theory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2021 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Oedipus complex is a key concept in psychoanalysis. It is related to the theory of sexual instinct within the system, the field of unconsciousness, the analysis of dreams, neurosis and other important categories, and has caused numerous disputes since its birth. In the past, the evaluation of Oedipus complex mainly focused on three aspects: one is that children depend on their mother rather than sexual desire for food and emotional needs; the other is the penile centralism and neglect of mother in Freud's theory; the third is the universality of Oedipus complex. These controversies still follow the critical thinking of Malinowski and Fromm, but actually do not touch the core of Oedipus complex. Because the Oedipus complex in Freud's view is essentially a concept about sex, and the successors of Lacan and other psychoanalytic schools have responded to these disputes by reinterpreting the Oedipus complex.- Therefore, this paper will focus on the initial definition of Oedipus complex and explore the original rationality of this concept. Freud first discovered the special relationship between early children and their parents when exploring the causes of neurosis. This relationship appears again frequently in typical dream cases and self-analysis. Therefore, Freud regarded this connection as a common phenomenon and applied it to clinical treatment and analysis. In addition to returning to the context in which Freud raised this issue, we also introduce Levi Strauss and Foucault's theory of sex and gender from the perspective of triangular interpersonal structure and human gender differences to reflect on the bias of traditional interpretation of the concept of Oedipus complex. Specifically speaking: Freud believed that the sexual desire contained in Oedipus complex can only appear in the form of heterosexuality, that is, the first impulse of a child should be directed to the heterosexual side of the parents. According to Foucault's analysis of the relationship between power and sex, sexual experience is produced rather than born with us. Therefore, in this sense, the concept of Oedipus complex constructed by Freud falls into the power. Furthermore, Freud limited the external manifestation of Oedipus complex to the family triangle in the general sense of experience. This kind of setting only pays attention to the interaction between kinship roles, and does not consider each role in the whole system. In Levi Strauss's view, the deep structure of kinship is the uncle nephew relationship based on the premise of >incest taboo<, which includes four words: >brother-sister-father-son<. This >basic structure of kinship< is universal and stable in explaining all the facts of kinship. To sum up, this paper intends to analyze the heterosexual form and triangular relationship in Oedipus complex through Foucault's theory of sexual experience and Levi Strauss's theory of kinship structure. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023]}, language = {en} } @article{Luo, author = {Luo, Dongmei}, title = {The Complex Historical Context of Marx's Concept of Man [马克思关于人的概念的复杂历史脉络]}, series = {Theory Research [学理论], No. 3 (2022), pp. 22-24.}, journal = {Theory Research [学理论], No. 3 (2022), pp. 22-24.}, abstract = {以弗洛姆为代表的西方学者认为马克思人的概念是>本真性<的人自我演化的同一性过程,但是马克思关于人的概念是复杂的,它从>人的自我意识<的问题式转换为>人的社会类本质>的问题式,最后转换为一定历史的<现实的个人<的科学阐释。因此,在这种差别转换中,不存在始终如一的>本真性<的人的概念,也就是说这一概念在马克思那里不应简单当作某种自我深化、自我演化的同一性过程,而应理解成在特定历史交互语境之下不同问题式和话语实践的差异性转换。}, language = {zh} } @article{LuoChen, author = {Luo, Songtao and Chen, Keyu}, title = {From Labor Alienation to Criticism of Existential Alienation - Based on Fromm's Thoughts on Marx's Humanism [从劳动异化到生存异化批判——基于弗洛姆对马克思人学思想的思考]}, series = {Foreign Theoretical Trends [国外理论动态], No. 3 (2021), pp. 72-79.}, journal = {Foreign Theoretical Trends [国外理论动态], No. 3 (2021), pp. 72-79.}, abstract = {作为西方马克思主义中新弗洛伊德主义的代表,弗洛姆强调在西方人道主义传统中理解马克思的人学思想。在《马克思关于人的概念》一文中,弗洛姆深入解读了马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的>人的本质<和>异化劳动<这两个关键问题。针对现代西方资本主义社会中人的生存异化困境,弗洛姆沿着马克思批判异化劳动的思路,着重揭批了自由异化、爱的异化、消费异化等三种异化状况。弗洛姆的生存异化批判虽然发人深省,却仍带有非历史的抽象人性论色。}, language = {zh} } @article{Ma, author = {Ma, Huanie}, title = {Loneliness and Redemption——An Interpretation of >God Help the Child< from the Perspective of Fromm's View of Freedom [孤独与救赎——弗洛姆自由观视域下的《上帝救助孩子》解读] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Journal of Hunan University of Science and Engineering [湖南科技学院学报], No. 1 (2022), pp. 100-104.}, journal = {Journal of Hunan University of Science and Engineering [湖南科技学院学报], No. 1 (2022), pp. 100-104.}, abstract = {《上帝救助孩子》是托妮·莫里森以美国当代社会为创作背景的文学作品,展示了美国当代社会各年龄、各阶层、各族裔民众孤独、焦虑的生存图景。文章以弗洛姆的自由观为理论视角,通过对比分析文本中人物逃避消极自由带来的自我救赎失败及追求积极而成功自我救赎的差异,揭示了创造性的爱与劳动是现代人重获自由,不必牺牲自我的完整性而恢复与自然及他人联结的唯一途径。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Ma, author = {Ma, Jiafan}, title = {A Study on the Idea of >Balance< in D. H. Lawrence's Works, Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {D. H. Lawrence (1885 - 1930) is one of the most important novelists in the history of English literature in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He lived at a time when capitalist industry was at its peak, but at the same time, a series of negative consequences of the industrial revolution were exposed. The nature of man is poisoned, the integrity of the individual is destroyed, and the relationship between man and man and nature loses its balance in traditional agricultural societies. For Lawrence, he was living in a time when the world was completely out of balance. For this reason, he keeps on writing, with sharp and bold strokes to express the alienated individual, abnormal interpersonal relationship and the imbalance between man and nature under the capitalist industrial civilization, and tirelessly explores the way to restore the balance between individual and self, between man and man, and between man and nature. Furthermore, in his opinion, these three levels do not exist in isolation, but constitute a mutually restrictive whole; An imbalance at any level leads to an imbalance at other levels, or problems at any level reflect problems at the other two levels. Thus, among the >imbalance< and >balance<, the individual, society and nature form an intricate internal relationship, presenting a systematic structure of three and one, one and three, which integrates Lawrence's whole life exploration and literary creation. This provides an important entry point for us to re-understand Lawrence's series of controversial topics and reassess their current significance. Based on this, this paper takes Lawrence's novels as the research object and the concept of >balance< as the entry point to make a detailed discussion of the relationship between man and self, man and man, man and nature in his works.- This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly focuses on Lawrence's personal experience of >imbalance< and traces the origin of his concept of >balance<. The concept of >balance< is preliminarily defined; Review relevant research results at home and abroad.- The first part of the text discusses Lawrence's concept of balance from the perspective of individual self. Under the background of industrial revolution, due to the poison of mechanical civilization and rampant materialism, human beings constantly overcome or tame their own nature. But when the civilization overcomes the nature, man gradually moves toward the one-sided. In Lawrence's works, human nature and civilization correspond to >blood consciousness< and >mind consciousness< respectively, while the individuals in his works can be divided into >brain type< individuals and >blood type< individuals. In Lawrence's opinion, when the >blood< of an individual is overwhelmed by the >mind<, his emotion and instinct will be suppressed, thus leading to the alienation of human nature. At the same time, the >blood< of the individual must resist the >mind< and call for the return of nature, so as to achieve the >balance< of the individual self.- The second part uses Erich Fromm's theory of >possession and existence< to explore Lawrence's thoughts on the relationship between people. In Lawrence's opinion, due to the dominance of >possessive< value orientation, the lovers' relationship, family relationship and class relationship in the era of industrial civilization were also out of balance, and they tried to control, dominate and possess others, resulting in the breakdown of interpersonal relationship. In view of this bad situation, Lawrence proposed the concept of >interstellar balance< relationship model, calling on modern people to get out of the dilemma of self-centeredness and build a relationship model of >existence<, sharing and symbiosis on the basis of respecting others, so as to rebuild the balance of human relations.- The third part discusses Lawrence's thoughts on the relationship between human beings and nature in modern industrial civilization from the perspective of ecological criticism. Lawrence believed that the relationship between man and nature became estranged and antagonistic during the transition from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization. His works deeply reflect on and criticize the anthropocentrism and development-oriented concepts in western culture, and accuse human beings of unrestrained conquest of nature. In Lawrence's view, human beings are part of nature, and they should Revere nature, return to nature, blend in with nature, and live in harmony with nature. Only by conquering nature and reconciling with nature and restoring the balance between man and nature can modern people overcome the ecological crisis and seek the healthy and all-round development of human society.- The conclusion focuses on the inner constitution and current significance of Lawrence's concept of >balance<. Lawrence's works comprehensively present his profound reflection on modern industrial civilization and his grand conception of future ideal civilization. His thought has obvious integrity and systematism. In this regard, his idea of >balance<, ostensibly derived from his meditation on the ideal of love, actually runs through his complex meditation on the whole of modern civilization. In his opinion, individuals, society and nature constitute an organic whole. Any imbalance at one level may lead to the imbalance at other levels and trigger a chain reaction at other levels. In order to restore balance at any level, the reconstruction of balance state at other levels is indispensable. Although Lawrence's concept of >balance< is obviously utopian, it still has important reference value and significance in today's era of numerous spiritual problems, continuous cultural conflicts and continuous deterioration of ecological environment. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2023]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Ma, author = {Ma, Jiaojiao}, title = {Alienation and Redemption in >The Goldfinch<, Master thesis, World Literature, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2023 [application of Fromm's theories to art]. [doi.org/10.27159/d.cnki.ghzsu.2023.000947]}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] Donna Tartt has published three novels all together. In 2014, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her masterpiece >The Goldfinch<. In this novel, alienation is ubiquitous: A terrorist attack causes irreparable harm to victims; there is widespread addiction to drugs and alcohol; relationships among people are alienated, either superficial and distorted or indifferent and apathetic; people worship art, freedom or money irrationally. People are belittled, objectified and deprived of love and conscience in a materialistic and egotistic society. In this novel, Donna Tartt condemns terrorism and explores the causes of alienation and the ways to overcome it which are scientific and reasonable according to Erich Fromm's theory of alienation which is the theoretical basis of this thesis. Many articles compare >The Goldfinch< with the works of famous writers like Charles Dickens and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Some analyze the power or value of art or explore the question about the degree of freedom. And some praise the excellent writing skills and delicate expressions in the novel. This thesis focuses on manifestations and causes of alienation and ways to alleviate it, which have not been analyzed deeply yet.- This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduces >The Goldfinch< and its author Donna Tartt and Erich Fromm and his alienation theory. This chapter also makes the literature review, analyzing related studies at home and abroad. The second chapter concerns the manifestations of alienation, including people's irrational worship of art, freedom or money, apathetic relationships between fathers and sons and between man and others, characters' Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and widespread addiction to drugs and alcohol. The third chapter explores causes of alienation in >The Goldfinch<, pointing out that it is materialism and egotism in capitalist society that lead to inferiority and objectification of man and disappearance of conscience and love under the guidance of Fromm's theory of alienation. The fourth chapter is about redemption in this novel in thought, action and feeling, proposing that to overcome alienation, man should wake up from stupor and pay more attention to human beings than to things as Hobie does to Theo and as Theo does to Mrs. Barbour, man should make right choices actively when selecting career and choosing between good and evil and man should relate himself to the world lovingly and artistically. All these ways can help people overcome alienation and get redemption according to Fromm's theory. Lastly, there is a conclusion of the whole thesis. This novel shows that productive love is the most important for people to develop and fulfill humanity, which is the ultimate weapon to overcome alienation. In front of alienation, people should not give up their self and humanity, but believe in their own life force and face everything bravely. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 2/2024]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Ma, author = {Ma, Xuelian}, title = {A Probe into Fromm's Humanistic Thought, Master thesis, Ethics, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2021.}, abstract = {Fromm is an important representative of the Frankfurt School in the 20th century, as well as a well-known humanist philosopher and well-known humanist philosopher and psychoanalytic psychologist. The thought of Fromm's humanistic is based on the investigation of human nature and the analysis of the actual living conditions of human beings. He believes that the rapid development of economy and technology in Western capitalist society has also caused human alienation and social morbidity. On the basis of in-depth analysis and criticism of this, Fromm reveals the survival dilemma of modern people, and hopes to achieve human liberation through psychological revolution (>The Art of Loving< and social revolution (the establishment of a sound society). The article is divided into three parts. The first part is the analysis of the theoretical origins of Fromm's humanistic thought, mainly involving Freud's psychoanalysis, Marx's theory of alienation, the Frankfurt School's Critical theory, and the influence of Eastern Zen thought on him. The second part is the analysis of the main content of Fromm's humanistic thought, taking human nature of good and evil, and the multiple character structure of humans as the logical starting point, leading to the antinomy of existence, the psychological tendency to escape freedom, and the existence of reoccupied existence. In response to these contradictions, Fromm not only proposed to cultivate >new people< from the perspective of psychological revolution, that is, to cultivate creative love and productive personality, but also put forward the idea of overall social change in the fields of economy, politics, and culture, and advocated the establishment of a >new society< aiming at the full and free development of people. The third part is the analysis and evaluation of Fromm's humanistic thought, analyzing the influence of Fromm's thought in Frankfurt School, and interpreting the contemporary value of Fromm's humanistic thought. [English: www.cnki.net, 4/2022]}, language = {zh} } @article{Liu, author = {Liu, Liping}, title = {An Analysis of the Characters of the Main Characters in >The Moon and Sixpence< Using Fromm's Character Theory [探析《月亮和六便士》中主要人物性格——运用弗洛姆性格理论] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Journal of Tasting the Classics [品位·经典], No. 19 (2022), pp. 5-8.}, journal = {Journal of Tasting the Classics [品位·经典], No. 19 (2022), pp. 5-8.}, abstract = {根据弗洛姆的性格理论分析,认为查理斯·思特里克兰德夫人具有接受取向,思特里克兰德具有剥削取向以及疏远关系中的破坏倾向,戴尔克·施特略夫具有共生关系中的受虐倾向,而施特略夫的妻子则具有囤积取向,麦克安德鲁夫妇以及社会中的大部分其他人的社会性格具有市场取向等非生产性的性格取向,是病态的社会性格,而健康的社会性格则是具有生产性的爱。同时,分析弗洛姆提出的混合类型的性格取向,运用理论结合实际的研究方法,有助于理解弗洛姆的社会性格理论以及掌握现代人的性格倾向。}, language = {zh} } @article{LiuFu, author = {Liu, Mo and Fu, Jingchuan}, title = {The Game of >Freedom< in >The Adventures of Augie March< [《奥吉·马奇历险记》中的>自由<博弈] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Journal of University of Jinan (Social Science Edition) [济南大学学报(社会科学版)], Online First Publishing Date: 2022-05-25 16:19:28.}, journal = {Journal of University of Jinan (Social Science Edition) [济南大学学报(社会科学版)], Online First Publishing Date: 2022-05-25 16:19:28.}, abstract = {《奥吉·马奇历险记》中鹰蛇相争的情节往往被评论家们所忽略。作为耗费颇多笔力刻画的章节,奥吉和西亚的墨西哥之行显然值得重视。从小说中鹰蛇相争的情节入手,挖掘埋藏于文字之下的隐喻内涵,反观和解构奥吉的人生选择,进而从艾里希·弗洛姆和罗洛·梅人文主义社会心理学的视角展开分析,讨论奥吉寻找继发纽带、>逃避自由<的现实抉择与其追求独立自主的人生目标之间的反差和博弈。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Liu, author = {Liu, Sihan}, title = {The Predicament of Freedom: Understanding Frankie in >The Member of the Wedding< from the Psychoanalytic Perspective, Master thesis, World Literature, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Carson McCullers is an outstanding female writer in the 20th century United States, becoming a celebrity with her first novel >The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter<. There is no doubt that McCullers is endowed with a talent for writing. She is a keen and sensitive woman, which is probably due to her life experiences and illness. In some sense, her personality contributes a lot to her writing, enabling her to grasp the slightest details of humanity. She is adept at exploring the psychology of human beings and pays special attention to their state of loneliness, which constitutes her writing theme >spiritual isolation<. McCullers tends to highlight man's spiritual impotency through physical deformity. The freaks in her works make up rebellious power against the mainstream culture in the American South. >The Member of the Wedding< is a very representative work of McCullers. It follows the theme of spiritual isolation as her other works. Through McCullers's elaborate portrayal, a 12-year-old girl's struggle and sorrow are vividly presented to readers. The female protagonist Frankie is a tomboy living in a small Southern town. In the year when she progresses from 12 to 13, she falls into the dull repetition of days, becoming a solitary >freak<. A great dilemma confronting Frankie is that she aspires for freedom, but is unable to take the burden of freedom. Becoming a part of some group and leaving the town constitute two strong desires of Frankie. They are seemingly irrelevant, but closely related. Belonging saves Frankie from isolation, and escape promises her greater freedom and connectedness. Through a close reading of Carson McCullers's novel >The Member of the Wedding<, this thesis is devoted to analyzing the protagonist Frankie's living predicament from a psychoanalytical perspective and discussing the underlying solution to the condition. Erich Fromm's theory of freedom and love exhaustively explores the spiritual crisis of modern man and provides a feasible solution. Using his theory will be conducive to the explanation of the protagonist's complex psychology and her dilemma. Besides, Adler's concept of social interest can help further analyze how the protagonist is able to realize positive freedom. After research, it can be concluded that Frankie is confronted with the universal predicament of modern man's burden of freedom. While she tries to escape from the burden, she suffers disillusionment, but at the same time, it helps the development of her individual self and provides motivation for positive freedom. Fromm believes that to get rid of the unbearable plight, love is indispensable. For Frankie and any modern man who suffers from aloneness, mastering the art of love is necessary to advance to positive freedom. [www.cnki.net, 1/2023]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Liu, author = {Liu, Sitong}, title = {A Study of Fromm's Idea of Alienation, Master thesis, Philosophy, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2022.}, abstract = {Erich Fromm (1900 - 1980) was not only one of the key members of the Frankfurt School, but also a prominent German-American social psychologist, psychoanalyst and humanistic philosopher. Using Freudian psychoanalysis, Fromm synthesized the Marxian humanist doctrine on the basis of social character and the social unconscious as mediators. This led to the construction of a unique system of thought covering multiple levels of society and psychology, and an in-depth discussion of a series of externalized psychological problems that have emerged since the development of capitalist society.- This article attempts to clarify the logical progression of Fromm's thought on alienation by looking at the realistic background and theoretical sources of the formation of his thought system. First of all, it examines Fromm's need for human survival in the light of the dilemma of existential alienation in Western capitalist society, and grasps the unique connotation of his alienation thought and interprets it. Fromm explores the dilemma of survival in human society by combining the process of individuation and socio-historical development, and exposes the state of spiritual alienation of individuals. Secondly, Fromm's diagnosis of the roots of pathological alienation in Western society is outlined in both subjective and objective dimensions. Again, Fromm's critique of the consequences of alienation in developed industrial societies is explored, elucidating the logical correlation between the emergence of freedom-avoiding mechanisms, non-productive personality tendencies, possession-oriented ways of being and the alienation that occurs in the inner world of individuals. This is followed by an examination of the consequences of the interaction and conflict between the psychological alienation of the individual and the alienation of society in general, revealing the relationship between the individual and society.- Finally, Fromm's search for a way to overcome alienation and build a sound society that meets human needs is discussed, and the rationality and limitations of his vision are objectively assessed. Fromm made a positive contribution to the evolution and enrichment of human culture and spirituality in the twentieth century. However, he does not fully acknowledge the role of material production and only overemphasizes the influence of psychological factors on human beings, while ignoring the fact that private ownership is the fundamental cause of the limitation of human freedom. Neither spontaneous activities nor social changes can fundamentally solve the problems caused by total alienation, but they can still provide a reference for the path of building a human-centered >harmonious society< in China: after the material enrichment of Chinese society, it should pay more attention to the spiritual existence of human beings and leave behind the possession-oriented way of living; promote humanistic culture and calmly We should also pay attention to the psychological and spiritual state of human beings and cultivate a sound personality. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 5/2023]}, language = {zh} } @article{Liuetal, author = {Liu, Wenxin and et al,}, title = {The Formation and Consolidation of Scientific Paradigm in American Psychology after World War II: Analysis Based on Social Character [二战之后美国心理学科学主义范式的形成与巩固——基于社会性格的分析]}, series = {Acta Psychologica Sinica [心理学报], No. 10 (2023), pp. 1729-1744. [Print ISSN 0439-755X] [doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2023.01729]}, journal = {Acta Psychologica Sinica [心理学报], No. 10 (2023), pp. 1729-1744. [Print ISSN 0439-755X] [doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2023.01729]}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] The flourish development of scientific psychology in America was often understood as the necessary subsequence of the evolution of intellectual history in psychology, in which psychology separated itself from philosophy and gradually found its own scientific methods during the past centuries. However, as one of categories of culture, the history of psychology could not be understood without the considering of societies and people who live in it. According to Fromm's social psychological studies, social change may form the social character of a given society, and the social character will initiate new thoughts or ideas which constitutes new culture and ideology. This new kind of culture and ideology will be easy to be accepted by the society, and solidify its social character in turn. So it will be interesting if we explore the process in which psychology in America committed to scientism from the perspective of social change and social character after World War II. There were a lot of changes after World War II in America society in terms of politics, economics, industrial structure, population, education, and belief. On the material level, America reached the so-called advanced industrial society and consumer society. On the mental level, the worship of knowledge gradually replaced the worship of god in America society. These changes formed the social character of America after World War II through pragmatism and individualism that were parts of American culture. The key trait of this kind of social character are one-dimensionality, pursuing of instrumental rationality, and individual priority. What this kind of social character looking forward in terms of psychology as a part of culture and ideology is the disenchantment of inner world, or we can say the secularization of mind, which will offer some kind of certainty for the working of American society.- World War II promoted the development of psychology on general, and also left abundant of problems for America society, such as psychic trauma of veteran, the need for mental health, how to avoid the reviving of totalitarianism, how the collective affect the behavior of individual, and how to train more scientists, professors, and engineers for America and finally win the competition with Soviet Union. All these needs from society led to the boom of clinical psychology, social psychology, developmental and educational psychology, and psychometrics in America. Not only the numbers of APA members and journals, but also the number of PHD in American psychology surged during three decades after World War II. The schools of psychology in America also changed during that time. New behaviorism declined after Hull and Skinner's time due to its neglect of psyche. Psychoanalysis used to affect American psychology and evolved to ego psychology which could be seen as the product of Americanization. However, psychoanalysis was finally marginalized by scientific psychology in America because of the rise of evidence based medicine. The Third Force Psychology once made a noise in America, but it finally faded due to its attempt to connect psychology and philosophy again, and its complicated methods. It was cognitive psychology that became most popular and the main paradigm of American psychology. In a nutshell, the history of American psychology expressed its social character after World War II which called for the secularization of mind. The scientific psychology in America also plays its ideological role in maintaining the efficient work of American society in turn. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2023]}, language = {zh} } @article{Liu, author = {Liu, Xing}, title = {A Brief Analysis of Fromm and Marcuse's Consumption Alienation Theory [弗洛姆与马尔库塞消费异化理论浅析]}, series = {China Economist, No. 1 (2023), pp. 239-240.}, journal = {China Economist, No. 1 (2023), pp. 239-240.}, abstract = {弗洛姆和马尔库塞是法兰克福学派的两位批判哲学家,二者都曾对消费异化现象进行过批判。消费社会是病态的社会,消费异化带来了环境恶化、人际关系消费化、人成为单向度的人等诸多问题,使西方资本主义社会极权化、病态发展。通过对弗洛姆与马尔库塞的消费异化理论进行分析,可以倡导人们健康消费,促进我国经济健康、可持续发展。}, language = {zh} } @article{Liu, author = {Liu, Yangnuo}, title = {The Interpretation of Love in >The Veil< and >Normal People< [《面纱》和《正常人》中爱的解读]}, series = {Overseas English [海外英语], No. 5 (2022), pp. 193-194.}, journal = {Overseas English [海外英语], No. 5 (2022), pp. 193-194.}, abstract = {爱是一门需要知识和努力的艺术,据弗洛姆观之,爱的艺术包括爱的对象、爱的能力和爱的状态,他所指的爱并不局限于情爱,而是从人类的生存问题出发审视爱的真谛,爱是《面纱》中的背叛与救赎,爱也是《正常人》中的治愈与成长,对此,可以从父母之爱、两性之爱和自爱三个方面纵向探究不同世纪的爱情观,管窥现代爱情的特质的同时,也试图深化我们对爱的认知。}, language = {zh} } @article{Liu, author = {Liu, Yi}, title = {Interpretation of Solomon's Tragedy in >Twelve Years a Slave< according to Fromm [《为奴十二载》中所罗门悲剧的弗洛姆式解读] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Journal of Shanxi Institute of Energy [山西能源学院学报], No. 5 (2021), pp.76-78.}, journal = {Journal of Shanxi Institute of Energy [山西能源学院学报], No. 5 (2021), pp.76-78.}, abstract = {《为奴十二载》是所罗门·诺瑟普在1983年出版的一部自传小说,文章从弗洛姆的社会性格和社会无意识理论出发,分析书中主人公所罗门在黑奴社会与自由社会中所体现出的不同的社会无意识与社会性格,可见其社会性格和社会无意识对社会成员有着重要影响,启示我们,人和社会的关系密不可分,只有在健全的社会里才产生健全的人!}, language = {zh} } @article{Liu, author = {Liu, Yixiao}, title = {The Alienation and Awakening of Women in Saul Bellow's >A Theft< [索尔·贝娄《偷窃》中女性的异化与觉醒] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Literature Education [文学教育], No. 1 (2023), pp. 45-47.}, journal = {Literature Education [文学教育], No. 1 (2023), pp. 45-47.}, abstract = {《偷窃》是美国著名犹太作家索尔·贝娄于1989年发表的中篇小说,以易西尔送给克拉拉的定情戒指两次丢失及找回为主线,讲述了现代职业女性克拉拉失败的婚姻和艰难的两性关系。本文将以弗洛姆的异化理论为视角,分析现代社会中随意的两性关系、物质主义等对女性的异化,探讨女性如何对抗时代带来的空虚感,以及如何在文化崩溃的社会中生存。}, language = {zh} } @article{Liu, author = {Liu, Yuxuan}, title = {[Fromm's Theory of Love for Contemporary Women [弗洛姆爱的理论对当代女性的启示 ]}, series = {Writer's World [作家天地 ], No. 21 (2023), pp. 165-167.}, journal = {Writer's World [作家天地 ], No. 21 (2023), pp. 165-167.}, abstract = {20世纪以来,消费主义的迅猛发展使现代人对爱产生了偏颇理解,人生观发生畸变,弗洛姆爱的理论是建立在人道主义的理解上产生的新的概念,通过其理论试图唤起当代青年一代对女性理性认识的自觉,从弗洛姆爱的理论的视角为陷入困境的女性提供有效自我重建方式,启发女性通过爱和创造性的劳动以追求积极自由来摆脱自身的困境,实现自我救赎。}, language = {zh} } @article{Liss, author = {Liss, Barry}, title = {Hot media, technological transformation and the plague of the dark emotions: Erich Fromm, Viktor Frankl and the recovery of meaning}, series = {Explorations in Media Ecology, Vol. 17, No. 4 (2018), pp. 379-392. [Online ISSN 2048-0717] [doi.org/10.1386/eme.17.4.379_1]}, journal = {Explorations in Media Ecology, Vol. 17, No. 4 (2018), pp. 379-392. [Online ISSN 2048-0717] [doi.org/10.1386/eme.17.4.379_1]}, abstract = {This article takes the position that our contemporary overheated media environment lends itself to comfortable passivity, resulting in mental breakdown in the guise of the dark emotions: anxiety, melancholia and boredom. This is especially the case with the inevitable synergy of the upcoming technological transformations from genetic modification, virtual reality simulacra and artificial intelligence/robotics. After discussing the data from the World Health Organization regarding the stark increase of people across the globe suffering from depression and anxiety, this article weds the concepts of McLuhan's hot-cool distinction with Fromm's delineation of the productive character orientation. Following Fromm, this article argues that joy ensues from reason, productive labour and love-sorrow from ignorance, alienated work and indifference. When we willfully abrogate our responsibilities to self and other via non-participational mediated forms, we cede away our potential for growth and development. This leads to the emotional breakdowns of guilt, boredom, anxiety and melancholia. Viktor Frankl's logo-therapeutic perspective is discussed as a counterbalance to the social effects wrought by our overheated technological environment. Frankl's stress on phenomenological meaning as the cornerstone of existence provides a lens to understanding the affects of an over-reliance on technological gadgetry.}, language = {en} } @article{Listkowska, author = {Listkowska, Bożena}, title = {Stosunek do samego siebie a poczucie szczęścia w ujęciu Ericha Fromma i Mieczysława Gogacza. Studium por{\´o}wnawcze [Attitude Towards Self and the Sense of Happiness According to Erich Fromm and Mieczyslaw Gogacz. Comparative Study]}, series = {Rocznik tomistyczny [Tomistic Yearbook], Eds.: Michał Zembrzuski et al. Warszawa 2016, pp. 131-148.}, journal = {Rocznik tomistyczny [Tomistic Yearbook], Eds.: Michał Zembrzuski et al. Warszawa 2016, pp. 131-148.}, abstract = {The aim of the article is the comparison of the conception of relation between the attitude to self and sense of happiness in humanistic ethics of Erich Fromm and Mieczyslaw Gogacz. The text indicates differences occurring between them, as well as similarities, however the latter ones seem to be particularly interesting, as the conceptions of mentioned philosophers derive from totally different philosophical traditions. Analyses of Fromm and Gogacz show that attitude of human being to themselves signify cantly influences not only their sense of happiness, but also their way of life and relation with other people.}, language = {pl} } @article{Litz, author = {Litz, Stefan}, title = {Global Risk Management: What has Love to do with it?}, series = {The International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review, Vol. 9, No. 7 (2012), pp. 147-164. [Online ISSN 1447-9559] [doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/CGP/v09i07/43275]}, journal = {The International Journal of the Humanities: Annual Review, Vol. 9, No. 7 (2012), pp. 147-164. [Online ISSN 1447-9559] [doi.org/10.18848/1447-9508/CGP/v09i07/43275]}, abstract = {Beck (1995) has outlined an influential social theory in which the role of modern risks has been highlighted. Modern societies are characterized as qualitatively distinct from premodern societies due to the self-generated new risks of annihilatory potential. Jonas (1979) has proposed an approach highlighting fear as a heuristic guideline for approaching further scientific research and technological development. According to this framework, imagining annihilatory risks inherent in a particular technology and research should make us forego the potential benefits of this technology, as the potential costs are too high. Mittelstraß (1992) argues exactly the opposite and claims that not less but more research and technological progress is necessary in order to enhance the survival chances of the human species. In order to reduce the possibility of deliberate action, which may trigger the annihilation of the human species, however, Mittelstraß (1992) calls for the development of a strong ethos of responsibility. The question, though, remains on what kind of rationale this ethos of individual responsibility may be grounded? It is suggested in this paper that Fromm (1947) provided the answer to the question of how such an ethos may be created and sustained.}, language = {en} } @article{LiuLiang, author = {Liu, Anqi and Liang, Yan}, title = {An Interpretation of >Atonement< from Fromm's Theory of Alienation [从弗洛姆的异化理论解读《赎罪》]}, series = {English Square [英语广场] No. 6 (2022), pp. 61-63.}, journal = {English Square [英语广场] No. 6 (2022), pp. 61-63.}, abstract = {《赎罪》是英国作家伊恩·麦克尤恩创作的一部长篇小说。小说描述了主人公布里奥妮因为感情上的挫折而做出伪证,造成了一生难以挽回的后果的故事。本文通过结合弗洛姆异化理论下的自我异化和人际关系异化角度,围绕>赎罪<这一主题,分析布里奥妮犯下滔天罪过的原因。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Liu, author = {Liu, Chang}, title = {A Study of Fromm's Theory of Consumer Alienation and Its Contemporary Value, Master thesis, History of Economic Theory and Ideology, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, Anhui, China 2022.}, abstract = {Erich Fromm was a humanistic philosopher and psychoanalytic psychologist. He devoted his life to adapting Freud's psychoanalytic doctrine to the spiritual situation of Westerners after the two world wars. Today, his ideas still have a great influence on contemporary society, especially his theory of consumer alienation which opens up a certain theoretical vision for the >consumer age< we live in. At the same time, Fromm's alienation theory has a certain degree of scientificity and extensibility, because he takes Marx's alienation thought as the theoretical foundation and Freud's psychoanalytic theory as the extension, and through the appropriate combination of the two, he leads his own alienation theory, in order to profoundly analyze the problem of human alienation, the most important of which is the problem of consumer alienation. For Fromm, the theme of modern capitalist society is no longer >production<, but >consumption<, and the source of alienation is not only the former >alienation of labor<, but also the >alienation of consumption<. The source of alienation is not only the former >alienation of labor<, but also the >alienation of consumption<, in which modern society is full of symbols, and in which people are gradually commodified. During this period, Fromm remained sober, warning people about the great danger of consumer alienation, trying to wake up and save people who were trapped in the trap of consumer alienation, and Fromm always insisted on calling people to be rational subjects, in order to build a sound society. Nowadays, China has become the second largest consumer market in the world through continuous development, and along with the irreversible globalization, the world is becoming >smaller<, so the invasion of the Chinese market by consumerism is inevitable. In such a social context, Fromm's theory of consumer alienation becomes more valuable, which is also the starting point and research purpose of this paper. At the same time, the objective limitations of Fromm's theory of consumer alienation also serve as an important reflection and reference for our analysis of the consumption problem in China. To this end, this paper analyzes and studies Fromm's theory of consumer alienation and its contemporary value through five main parts: first, through the introductory part, it compares the domestic and foreign literature to achieve a systematic macroscopic grasp of Fromm's theory of alienation.- Secondly, through the theoretical tracing of Fromm's theory of consumer alienation, the development background and theoretical foundation of his theory are more objectively understood.- Third, through the exploration of the basic contents of Fromm's theory of consumer alienation, we discuss its causes and connotations and discover its realistic manifestations and possible crises.- Fourth, through the first three parts, we will find Fromm's path to overcome consumer alienation and his specific expectations for building a sound society.- Fifth, through an objective evaluation of the contributions and limitations of Fromm's theory of consumer alienation, we will use its reference value to analyze the current problems of consumption in China, and use it as a reference to actively explore favorable insights and solutions to improve the consumption problem in China. [Translation: www.cnki. net, 9/2022]}, language = {zh} } @article{Liu, author = {Liu, Chuanlei}, title = {A Brief Analysis of the Application of Fromm's Humanism to Contemporary Social Problems}, series = {Social Values and Society (SVS), Vol. 1, No. 1 (2019), pp. 1-4. [Online ISSN 2682-7964] [doi.org/10.26480/svs.01.2019.01.04]}, journal = {Social Values and Society (SVS), Vol. 1, No. 1 (2019), pp. 1-4. [Online ISSN 2682-7964] [doi.org/10.26480/svs.01.2019.01.04]}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] In Fromm's thought, the most important one is humanism. The socialization problem in modern human society is not only the problem of social system, but also the problem of human personality and psychology. Therefore, in order to reduce the occurrence of social destructive phenomena, it is necessary to reduce human destructive behavior. Through psychological analysis and theoretical study, we can improve people's psychological potential and optimize their sociality, so as to create and maintain good social forms. [Author's English]}, language = {zh} } @article{Liu, author = {Liu, Genzong}, title = {에리히프름의 종교이해에 대한 비판적연구 [A Critical Study of Erich Fromm's Understanding of Religion]}, series = {사회과학연구 [Social Science Research], Vol. 2, No. 1 (1983).}, journal = {사회과학연구 [Social Science Research], Vol. 2, No. 1 (1983).}, abstract = {In undertaking this study, the writer became aware of the following problem of study method in theology: skepticism indeed is an indispensable part of the theologian's equipment; he must train himself to be disturtful of anything he sees on the printed page unless there seems good reason to believe that it can be trusted. In our theological culture, the printed word is generally regarded with such excessive respect that the grossest errors in fact may go unchallenged for years until the properly skeptical reader comes along. The above stated problem dictated the formulation of this study with the following purpose in mind: to develop a critical study method in theology. Accordingly, Erich Fromm's thought of religion was criticized from such standpoint in this study.}, language = {ko} } @misc{Liu, author = {Liu, Henan}, title = {A Study on Fromm's Theory of Creativity, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China 2023 [doi.org/10.27272/d.cnki.gshdu.2023.004834]}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available] From a philosophical point of view, creativity is the development of people's subjective understanding of the development and changes in the world formed in practice, and is the intrinsic motivation to realize individual self-development and promote social progress. With the deepening of the scientific and technological revolution, innovation has become more and more important in the development of the country, and fundamentally stimulating the creative vitality of individuals and society has become an inherent requirement for social development. At the same time, the emergence of the epidemic has bred pessimism about the future development of the situation, and a series of social problems have emerged one after another. In the post-COVID-19 era, to dispel people's negative emotions and fundamentally enhance people's confidence in the future situation, we need not only a solid material guarantee for the country, but also a better understanding of the current situation. In Fromm's view, forming a rational understanding of the individual and the world is an important manifestation of the creative development of the individual. As one of the important representatives of the humanistic psychoanalysis school, Fromm saw the commonalities between Marx's humanistic doctrine and Freud's psychoanalysis theory, and thus combined the two organically. In the face of various problems existing in capitalist society, Fromm adhered to the humanistic stance, and made diagnosis and treatment of society and people living in it from the perspective of social psychology. From the perspective of human feelings and needs, he pointed out that the perfect state of human development should be creative and spontaneous.- This paper points out the pathological phenomenon in the modern capitalist society and the alienation phenomenon of people in it, and criticizes this phenomenon strongly, and puts forward the targeted reform plan, hoping to build a sound society to realize the creative development of people. He believed that creativity fulfilled the unique need of human survival and was a potential for a mentally healthy person. Creative people can fully develop their personality and reason, express their true inner needs, and have a constructive relationship with themselves and the world. Only a sound society can stimulate people's creativity. Fromm's attempt to clarify the interaction between economic base and ideology from the perspective of social psychology points out the role of creativity in human development, enriches the connotation of human essence, and specifically analyzes the psychological mechanism of alienation of modern man on the basis of the interpretation of the general psychological mechanism of man. His creative theory is not only a supplement and development of Marx's humanistic thought, but also an inheritance and development of the Frankfurt School's social and cultural theories. Although his proposals for changes in the economic, social, political and cultural fields are not directed at the capitalist system itself, but are only an improvement of the present society, and many of his theoretical ideas are too specific and lack practicality, his theories profoundly combine human existence and psychological conditions with social development, inspiring us to pay attention to people's needs and seek solutions to social problems from the subjectivity of people. It has a great value for our country to implement the spirit of putting people first, dispel the negative emotions of individuals under the epidemic, and re-establish social confidence. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 1/2024]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Liu, author = {Liu, Jiamin}, title = {The Existence of Non-oppressed Civilization - An Analysis of Freud's Dilemma in His Theory of Civilization, Master thesis, Psychology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2023.}, abstract = {The paper analyses the Freud's dilemma in his theory of civilization, on this basis, finds the course of problem. In this process, we begin with the two basic concepts, namely civilization and instinct. In Freud's theory, the civilization is existed as the performance of difference between people and animals. It not only include the knowledge and ability that formed in dealing with the relationship between human and nature, but also include the various rules and regulations between peoples. Instinct, as a core concept in his theoretical system, is inherited from the theory of biological evolution. He believes that the instinct urged the organism returning to the previous state, and eventually, he divided the instinct into instinct for life and death instinct, and believed it has fundamental confliction between the two instincts. When Freud's perspective turns to the field of the social life, he also looks at modern civilization from the perspective of instinct, and believes that modern civilization oppresses the satisfaction of instinct and meets the demands of instinct at the same time. But, he does not completely abandon the idea of civilization or instinct, he thinks that civilization can oppress instinct appropriately. However, the oppression what degree is appropriate, Freud does not give a clear standard. So, in fact, the problem he encountered has not been fully resolved. Aiming at the difficulties encountered by Freud, other scholars such as Marcuse and Fromm have tried to solve this problem. But, their theories have their own shortcomings. Marcuse does not fully understand Freud's problem, he is more concerned about Freud's instinct for life. In fact, Freud is more attention about death instinct. As for Fromm, he integrates the spirit of Marxism and psychoanalysis, in the face of the difficulties encountered by Freud, he thinks that the problem can disappear with the development of society. So, he gives us only a hope, a utopian existence. So, we should explore the root cause of the dilemma encountered by Freud, and analyze whether the dilemma exist or not in actually.- When analyzing Freud's theory of civilization, we finds that to imagine a non-oppressed civilization, the biggest obstacle we faced is the death instinct.- So, the question is weather the death instinct is necessary. Karen·Horney raises doubts in this regard. Through her own analysis, she thinks that it is not necessary to mention death instinct, for, there is no full evidence to certificate it, and it also contradict with the reality. However, the death instinct, after all, as a real theory is putted forward by Freud, and when the theory take the great dilemma to him, he still use it. So, it was necessary to explore the theoretical way what his death instinct produced. Freud is impacted by the theory of evolution deeply, and he introduces the concept of instinct as a biological field into the psychological field. In this course, he also introduce the logic of evolution into psychological field. So, the things what are established in biological field are similarly established in psychological field. When he discovers that the people have the tendency to repeat previous activities, he considers that it represents a kind of instinctive tendency also. On this basis, he puts forward the death instinct that is, return to the previous inorganic state. However, when he looks at human civilization, he is still from the view of biology, and considers that people and animals have no essential difference. This is a non-scientific idea .It has been recognized by many scholars that it has essential difference between people and animals. Therefore, the study of human civilization should be from the fundamental characters of human.- In the history of Western thoughts, it has been existed the concept of rational person religionary person and biological person. Cassirer puts forward the concept of symbolic person, on the basis of analyzing the limitation of these concepts, and it mainly emphasize the higher level ability of free creating what human has. This is consistent with the Marx's incisive elucidation. So, >people are symbolic animals< seizes the people's fundamental characters. From the concept of >human is symbolic animals<, human has the ability of creating and using the symbol. This is the universal dynamic creativity what human has. In the course of creating and using symbol, human has the ability of giving the value to symbols freely and dynamicly, so the symbol system is a free system also. Civilization is a development course of self-determination. It develops and heritages through the symbol media. Thus, the development of civilization is a free, dynamic process also. So the development of civilization not only does not oppress anything, but also is not hampered by other things. Thus, in Freud's view, the course of the development of civilization does not oppress instinct. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 6/2023]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Liu, author = {Liu, Jindong}, title = {An Analysis of Fromm's View of Freedom - Based on >Escape from Freedom<}, language = {zh} } @misc{Lothane, author = {Lothane, Henry}, title = {Review Lawrence Friedman: Freud's papers on technique and contemporary clinical practice}, series = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 4, 2022), pp. 252-254.}, journal = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 4, 2022), pp. 252-254.}, language = {en} } @misc{Lothane, author = {Lothane, Henry}, title = {Review Ahron Friedberg with Sandra Sherman. Psychotherapy and personal change: Two minds in a mirror}, series = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 4, 2022), pp. 254-255.}, journal = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 4, 2022), pp. 254-255.}, language = {en} } @article{Loužek, author = {Loužek, Marek}, title = {Klasick{\´a} psychoanal{\´y}za a politika [Classical Psychoanalysis and Politics]}, series = {Naše společnost, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2008), pp. 3-8. [Online ISSN 2336-1646] [cdk.lib.cas.cz/view/uuid:e3ec878b-d931-40cc-8dc5-d1424ca6a666?article=uuid:66abc268-407b-4d7b-9683-25c2d8d165b7]}, journal = {Naše společnost, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2008), pp. 3-8. [Online ISSN 2336-1646] [cdk.lib.cas.cz/view/uuid:e3ec878b-d931-40cc-8dc5-d1424ca6a666?article=uuid:66abc268-407b-4d7b-9683-25c2d8d165b7]}, abstract = {Classical Psychoanalysis and Politics. The article is concerned with psychoanalysis and its application to politics. First part focuses on social thinking of Sigmund Freud. Second part examines political insights of Carl Gustav Jung. Third part examines the social theory of Erich Fromm. Forth part calls attention to political opinions of Herbert Marcuse. The article highlights a traditional Freudian approach to society and politics.}, language = {mul} } @article{Lu, author = {Lu, Jian}, title = {Reread >Amusing Ourselves to Death< [重读《娱乐至死》]}, series = {World Affairs, No. 19 (2010), p. 65.}, journal = {World Affairs, No. 19 (2010), p. 65.}, abstract = {在我看来,尼尔·波兹曼(已故美国著名媒体文化研究者和批评者)的《娱乐至死》,已不仅仅是一本传媒学或文化批判学的研究著作,而成了一本哲学著作,它涉及到人们的世界观、价值观和对人自身生活方式的看法。尼尔·波兹曼在页首说>人们由于享乐而失去了自由<,也让我想起弗洛姆的《逃避自由》。其实波兹曼和弗洛姆的共同点就是,人在社会中越来越自由,又在 …}, language = {zh} } @article{Luetal, author = {Lu, Liqing and et al.,}, title = {Psychoanalytic Interpretation of the Origin of Religious Ideas from the Ontogenetic Perspective [精神分析视域下个体宗教观念形成的心理根源]}, series = {Studies in World Religions [世界宗教研究], No. 6 (2023), pp. 23-31.}, journal = {Studies in World Religions [世界宗教研究], No. 6 (2023), pp. 23-31.}, abstract = {诸多精神分析学家从个体发生的视角对宗教观念形成的心理根源做了解释。弗洛伊德将宗教视为神经症,而上帝则是理想化的父亲;荣格把集体潜意识置于上帝的位置,认为宗教是集体潜意识的自然生命;客体关系学派认为良好的母婴关系是宗教体验的源头,亲子关系直接影响个体心目中的上帝形象;弗洛姆将宗教视为人性的基本需求,根植于生而为人无法摆脱的生存处境;乔治.弗兰克尔强调宗教观念是心理世界外部化的产物。精神分析学派的上述观点在宗教学领域产生了重要影响,但因过分强调潜意识的作用,颠倒了社会存在和社会意识的关系,科学研究反而为神在现代社会的存在提供了>栖身之所<}, language = {zh} } @article{LubanPlozza, author = {Luban-Plozza, Boris}, title = {Begegnungen und Hoffnungen. Zum 10. Todestag von Erich Fromm am 18. M{\"a}rz 1990}, series = {Hospitalis, Z{\"u}rich Vol. 60 (No. 11, November 1990), pp. 646-652.}, journal = {Hospitalis, Z{\"u}rich Vol. 60 (No. 11, November 1990), pp. 646-652.}, language = {de} } @article{LubanPlozza, author = {Luban-Plozza, Boris}, title = {Kunst der Begegnung, Kunst der Liebe im Sinne von Erich Fromm. Fortsetzung eines Beitrags in Heft 5 von ?, Heft 6 (2000), pp. 48-53.}, language = {de} } @article{Luedemann, author = {L{\"u}demann, Otto}, title = {Gemeinwohl{\"o}konomie und Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen}, series = {O.L{\"u}demann et al. (Efs.), Grundeinkommen braucht Europa - Europa braucht Grundeinkommen, Berlin (Lit-Verlag), 2023, pp. 161-173.}, journal = {O.L{\"u}demann et al. (Efs.), Grundeinkommen braucht Europa - Europa braucht Grundeinkommen, Berlin (Lit-Verlag), 2023, pp. 161-173.}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-37796, title = {Grundeinkommen braucht Europa - Europa braucht Grundeinkommen, Berlin (Lit-Verlag), 2023, 215 pp.}, editor = {L{\"u}demann, Otto and Neum{\"a}rker, Bernhard and Schachtschneider, Ulrich}, language = {de} } @article{Winship, author = {Winship, Garry}, title = {A genealogy of therapeutic community ideas: the influence of the Frankfurt School with a particular focus on Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm}, series = {Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, Vol. 34, No. 2/3 (2013), pp. 60-70. [Online ISSN 0964-1866] [doi.org/10.1108/TC-05-2013-0010]}, journal = {Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, Vol. 34, No. 2/3 (2013), pp. 60-70. [Online ISSN 0964-1866] [doi.org/10.1108/TC-05-2013-0010]}, abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to construct a genealogy of therapeutic communities (TCs), with the espoused commitment to flattened hierarchies and democratic ideologies, the paper considers the lineage of the Frankfurt School of Social Research and its influence in setting a frame for TC ideology, with a particular focus on Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm. This genealogy provides further context to the contribution of two other key Frankfurters, Karl Mannheim and Michael Foulkes, who progressed therapeutic democracy in the UK and shaped the early days of the TC as a group-based treatment paradigm. Design/methodology/approach: Discourse analysis and collective biography based on biographical details, texts and witness accounts. Findings: The works of Marcuse and Fromm provide a hybrid psychosocial post-Freudian schemas that beckoned philosophic reconciliation between the state and the personal psyche culminating in new left psychoanalytic academic sectors. Erich Fromm's contribution is situated squarely in the clinical sphere in the USA dating from the 1930s after he fled from Germany and settled in the USA where he became a well-known lecturer at Chestnut Lodge during a time when it was developing its approach under the rubric of >milieu therapy<. Marcuse's influence on psychiatry is tracked through the development of ideas and writings emerging from his reading of Freud, finally intersecting with the emergence of TCs and anti-psychiatry when he delivered the keynote address at the Dialectics of Liberation Conference in London in 1967. Held at the height of the first generation of TCs, Joe Berke, R.D. Laing and colleagues considered Marcuse as someone to headline the Dialectics Conference because; >Marcuse was the Grandpapa of Flower Power< (Joe Berke said). Originality/value: A rapprochement between milieu therapy in the USA, influenced by Fromm and Marcuse and the European tradition of TCs, influenced by Mannheim and Foulkes is demonstrated. The Frankfurt Institute of Social Research can be seen as an ideological corner that transcends Atlantic divides, and provides a sturdy and lasting intellectual cornerstone for the history of ideas in the field of social psychiatry.}, language = {en} } @misc{Wiśniewski, author = {Wiśniewski, Radoslaw}, title = {Review Wasyluk, Piotr: Ericha Fromma koncepcja postępu zintegrowanego, Olsztyn (Publishing House of the Center for Eastern European Studies of the University of Warmia and Mazury) Poland 2010.}, series = {Ruch Filozoficzny Vol. 67, No. 4 (2010). [ISSN: 0035-9599]}, journal = {Ruch Filozoficzny Vol. 67, No. 4 (2010). [ISSN: 0035-9599]}, language = {pl} } @article{Włodarczyk, author = {Włodarczyk, Rafał}, title = {Od polityki czasu do krytyki ideologii Koczanowicz versus Fromm [From the Politics of Time to the Critique of Ideology Koczanowicz versus Fromm], in: Leszek Koczanowics, Katarzyna Liszka, and Rafał Włodarczyk (Eds.): Między rozumieniem a porozumieniem. Eseje o demokracji niekonsensualnej, Warszawa, (Polish Scientific Publishers PWN), Poland, pp. 168 - 178.}, series = {Leszek Koczanowics, Katarzyna Liszka, and Rafał Włodarczyk (Eds.): Między rozumieniem a porozumieniem. Eseje o demokracji niekonsensualnej, Warszawa, (Polish Scientific Publishers PWN), Poland, pp. 168 - 178, Polish}, journal = {Leszek Koczanowics, Katarzyna Liszka, and Rafał Włodarczyk (Eds.): Między rozumieniem a porozumieniem. Eseje o demokracji niekonsensualnej, Warszawa, (Polish Scientific Publishers PWN), Poland, pp. 168 - 178, Polish}, abstract = {Pierwsza część artykułu poświęcona jest rekonstrukcji narzędzia krytyki społecznej, użytego przez Leszka Koczanowicza w książce Polityka czasu do diagnozy dynamiki zmian występujących w społeczeństwie polskim po 1989 roku. Tym, co wyr{\´o}żnia propozycję autora, wzorującego się na rozwiązaniu przyjętym przez Ernesto Laclau, na tle innych tego typu teorii, jest koncentracja na społecznych mitologiach i marginalizacja zjawiska ideologii. Druga część artykułu, kt{\´o}ra poświęcona jest rekonstrukcji założeń krytyki społecznej Ericha Fromma, pozwala, dzięki zestawieniu ze sobą tych dwu koncepcji, postawić pytanie o konsekwencje i potencjał krytyczny projektu Koczanowicza rezygnującego z dopracowania pojęcia ideologii i zintegrowania go z pojęciem mitu.}, language = {pl} } @book{Włodarczyk, author = {Włodarczyk, Rafał}, title = {Ideologia, teoria, edukacja.Myśl Ericha Fromma jako inspiracja dla pedagogiki wsp{\´o}łczesnej [Ideology, Theory, Education: Erich Fromm's Thought as an Inspiration for Contemporary Pedagogy], Krak{\´o}w (Publishing House >Impuls<) Poland 2016, 329 pp., Polish. [978-83-8095-143-3]}, abstract = {[Conclusion] Niniejsza monografi a dowodzi, że inspirowana myślą Ericha Fromma teoria i praktyka edukacji może znale{\'{z}}ć w niej reprezentującą orientację emancypacyjną w krytycznej teorii edukacji spojną i wartościową wykładnię. Wskazuje także, że zaproponowany przez niego zbior ustaleń i rozwiązań bez większych przeszkod może stanowić dla pedagogiki ogolnej, teorii wychowania, jak rownież oddziaływań służących formowaniu całokształtu zdolności życiowych człowieka rezerwuar jednostkowych zapożyczeń. Ponadto dowodzi, że formułowane w jego książkach sądy i stawiane tam tezy pozostają istotnym {\'{z}}rodłem dla dalszego namysłu w pedagogice krytycznej, fi lozofi i edukacji oraz podejmowanych badań w rożnych obszarach nauk o wychowaniu. Wskazany i potencjalny wkład Fromma do pedagogiki ujęty w tej książce, ustalony na podstawie kompleksowego opracowania jego myśli, daje się sprowadzić do listy kilku złożonych zagadnień rozwiniętych w poszczegolnych rozdziałach, takich jak: koncepcja natury człowieka, jego rozwoju, podmiotowości, zdrowia oraz ideału wychowania; teoria społeczeństwa i jego wpływu na kształtowanie się osobowości oraz zdolności życiowych człowieka; dialektyczna koncepcja zmiany społecznej oraz miejsca i roli w niej edukacji; teoria jednostkowej i społecznej alienacji; koncepcja emancypacji przez edukację; teoria ruchu emancypacyjnego; koncepcja nauczyciela jako transformatywnego intelektualisty; teoria utopii społecznej; koncepcja doktryny pedagogicznej i ich powiązania w ideologii edukacyjnej radykalnego humanizmu; ogolna teoria ideologii; koncepcja ukrytego programu edukacji oraz kryteriow ich krytyki; teoria pedagogii azylu. Należy zaznaczyć, że konsekwentna realizacja zadania badawczego wymagała nie tylko rekonstrukcji, analizy i odczytania koncepcji Fromma, jej kontekstu fi lozofi cznego oraz wpływu środowisk intelektualnego i kulturowego, z jakich się wywodzi, ale w kilku przypadkach r{\´o}wnież określenia, referowania czy wskazania stanu aktualnej dyskusji w pedagogice oraz poszczeg{\´o}lnych naukach humanistycznych i społecznych na temat zagadnień, do kt{\´o}rych nawiązuje w swoich interdyscyplinarnych z założenia pismach. Innymi słowy, zadanie wymagało dostosowania się do okoliczności warunkujących podjętą pracę przekładu, by możliwe było prawidłowe przedstawienie konsekwencji myśli Fromma dla pedagogiki oraz jej adaptacja na gruncie dyscypliny i zgodnie z obowiązującymi w niej stanem wiedzy i regułami metodologicznymi.}, language = {pl} } @article{Włodarczyk, author = {Włodarczyk, Rafał}, title = {Czas mesjański, rytuał szabatu i pedagogia azylu w filozofii Ericha Fromma [Messianic Time, the Sabbath Ritual and Asylum Pedagogy in the Philosophy of Erich Fromm]}, series = {Paweł Jabłoński and Rafał Włodarczyk (Eds.): Fromm - aplikacje, Wrocław (>Chiasm< Publishing Initiative) Poland 2016, pp. 137-159.}, journal = {Paweł Jabłoński and Rafał Włodarczyk (Eds.): Fromm - aplikacje, Wrocław (>Chiasm< Publishing Initiative) Poland 2016, pp. 137-159.}, abstract = {Celem artykułu jest wskazanie miejsca i znaczenia w filozofii Ericha Fromma obecnych w jego pracach figur czasu mesjańskiego i rytuału sza¬batu. Powiązane ze sobą dają się odczytać jako integralna część koncepcji Fromma, prowadząca w jego myśli do pedagogii azylu - posiadającego istotny potencjał emancypacyjny i edukacyjny rozwiązania problemu alienacji wsp{\´o}łczesnego człowieka.}, language = {pl} } @misc{Włodarczyk, author = {Włodarczyk, Rafał}, title = {Review Rafał Wlodarczyk: Ideologia, teoria, edukacja. Myśl Ericha Fromma jako inspiracja dla pedagogiki wsp{\´o}łczesnej, Krak{\´o}w (Publishing House >Impuls<), Poland 2016. (Studium z filozofii Ericha Fromma, krytyki społecznej i teorii edukacji)}, language = {pl} } @article{Włodarczyk, author = {Włodarczyk, Rafał}, title = {Utopia szkoły, nieposłuszeństwo i przekład. Dwa biblijne mity w odczytaniach Ericha Fromma i George'a Steinera [Utopia of School, Disobedience, and Translation Two Biblical Myths in the Interpretation of Erich Fromm and George Steiner]}, series = {Showanna, No. 2 (2020), pp. 1-14. [ISSN 2353-9682] doi.org/10.31261/CHOWANNA.2020.55.04]}, journal = {Showanna, No. 2 (2020), pp. 1-14. [ISSN 2353-9682] doi.org/10.31261/CHOWANNA.2020.55.04]}, abstract = {Można przyjąć, że dwa biblijne mity - o wyjściu Adama i Ewy z ogrodu Eden oraz o budowniczych wieży Babel - są interesującymi ekspresjami wyobra{\'{z}}ni utopijnej, ponieważ opowiadają o dw{\´o}ch miejscach, w kt{\´o}rych na dwa odmienne sposoby realizowano projekty wystarczająco doskonałego porządku społecznego. Wsp{\´o}łcześnie jednym z takich miejsc, kt{\´o}re możemy rozumieć jako niejednoznaczny efekt realizacji utopii epoki rewolucji przemysłowej, jest szkoła - przestrzeń edukacji zaplanowana jako ważna część projektu wystarczająco doskonałego porządku społecznego. Dwa oryginalne odczytania - autorstwa Ericha Fromma i George'a Steinera - przywołanych biblijnych mit{\´o}w posłużą wzbogaceniu o nowe wątki i podejścia dyskusji o kondycji wsp{\´o}łczesnej szkoły oraz dyskurs{\´o}w pedagogiki krytycznej czy pedagogiki oporu i pedagogiki hermeneutycznej.}, language = {pl} }