@misc{GrandonC, author = {Grand{\´o}n C., Bernardo}, title = {Review Fromm, E.: The Fear of Freedom (1941a, Spanish)}, series = {Revista de Derecho P{\´u}blico (Universidad de Chile), No. 2 (1964), pp. 31-33. [Online ISSN 0719-5249] [revistaderechopublico.uchile.cl/index.php/RDPU/article/view/31549/33319]}, journal = {Revista de Derecho P{\´u}blico (Universidad de Chile), No. 2 (1964), pp. 31-33. [Online ISSN 0719-5249] [revistaderechopublico.uchile.cl/index.php/RDPU/article/view/31549/33319]}, language = {es} } @book{Groeben, author = {Groeben, Norbert}, title = {Beziehungsutopien. Verteidigung der Erotik als Ideal emotionaler Liebesvielfalt, Darmstadt (Wissenschaftliche Buch-Gesellschaft) 2023, 132 pp. - On Fromm see pp. 70ff.}, language = {de} } @article{Grey, author = {Grey, Ramona}, title = {PSC 550.01: Political Theory Seminar - Approaches to Political Theory, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA, , Fall 9-1-2008, Course Syllabi 6715. [scholarworks.umt.edu/syllabi/6715]}, language = {en} } @article{Grey, author = {Grey, Ramona}, title = {PSC 550.01: Political Theory Seminar - Negative \& Positive, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA, Spring 2-1-2001: Course Syllabi 7086 [scholarworks.umt.edu/syllabi/7086]}, language = {en} } @article{Guo, author = {Guo, Yongyu}, title = {Enlightenment Values of Erich Fromm's Humanistic Psychoanalysis [弗洛姆人本主义精神分析的启蒙价值]}, series = {Acta Psychologica Sinica [心理学报], Vol. 54, No. 2 (2022), pp. 205-218.}, journal = {Acta Psychologica Sinica [心理学报], Vol. 54, No. 2 (2022), pp. 205-218.}, abstract = {弗洛姆人本主义精神分析综合了欧洲文化传统的理性主义、人本主义、批判精神和救世情怀这些基本要素, 他试图用理性主义和人本主义的标准和精神分析心理学的工具来剖析他所处的社会和身边的人, 并探索实现理想社会和人的发展的途径。这一事业的价值实际上是启蒙。他从现代人的不安全感处境出发, 深刻分析了威权主义、民族主义、消费主义的病理机制, 进而提出了基于人本主义原则的社会改革方案。弗洛姆人本主义精神分析的理论和实践对于21世纪人类发展问题的解决仍然具有启发意义。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Guo, author = {Guo, Zhenjun}, title = {An Analysis of Black Identity of >The Known World< from the Perspective of Fromm's Concept of Freedom, Master thesis, World Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2021 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Edward Jones is one of the preeminent African-American writers of contemporary literature, whose masterpiece is >The Known World<, for which he wins the National Book Critics Circle Award 2003, Pulitzer Prize 2004, and International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award 2005. >The Known Word< is an account of the survival and tortuous fate of black slave owners and slaves from a perspective that black literature has never touched before, enriching the diversity of character identity in black literature and rewriting the connotation of freedom. This thesis analyzes black identity in >The Known Word< from the perspective of Fromm's concept of freedom Erich Fromm constructs two unique concepts of negative freedom and positive freedom from the perspectives of sociology and psychology. Fromm proposes that the freedom people usually pursue is the extrinsic negative freedom. In the pursuit of negative freedom, a sense of loneliness and powerlessness often emerges, and in order to get rid of these feelings, people choose to escape from freedom again, by eliminating their own individuality and integrating into the surrounding environment, making themselves further and further away from freedom. Only the intrinsic positive freedom can lead people to the path of authentic freedom, achieving freedom and peace within people. In >The Known Word<, Jones also encapsulates the process of black slave owners and black slaves pursuing freedom and finding themselves in a social environment dominated by white culture and white people. Some people experience the pursuit and escape of negative freedom and lose their identity, while others successfully embark on the path of positive freedom, find their identity, and successfully realize the reconstruction of their identity. This thesis is divided into three parts, the first part is the introductory part, including an introduction to Edward Jones and his work >The Known Word<, an analysis of the current state of domestic and international research on >The Known Word<, and related explanations of Fromm's concept of freedom and the significance of the chosen topic of this thesis.- The second part is the main part of this thesis, which consists of three chapters. The first chapter illustrates that the black slave owners Henry and Maude and the black slave overseer Moses aspire to realize their own identity by pursuing negative freedom, but as a result, they cannot counteract the loneliness and powerlessness of following the negative freedom and instead have the tendency to escape from freedom, give up freedom and lose their own identity. They all damage their families in a way, undermining the foundation of their identity and exploit their compatriots for more wealth, losing themselves in slavery.- The second chapter explains the causes for the lost identity of Henry, Maude, and Moses by analyzing the mechanism of escape from freedom — the hegemonic position of the whites in society and the lack of confidence in their own black culture make them willing to be ruled by slavery and drift away from freedom.- The final chapter explores the reconstruction of the identity and of black slaves Alice and Minerva, the black slave owner Calvin and so on, who complete the reconstruction of their identity through the realization of positive freedom. The regression of black identity and self-realization is achieved through the awakening of consciousness and the construction of harmonious family and social relationships.- The last part concludes and sublimates the above chapters. The parsing of the entire thesis leads to the conclusion that Fromm's concept of freedom is fully reflected in the magnificent and vast description of black identity in >The Known World<. The concept furnishes us a better perspective and opportunity for the understanding of Edward Jones' >The Known Word<. It also gives us the opportunity to better understand the responsibility of Jones' writing and his deep thoughts about the history and future of black people. Meanwhile, in times of various values collide, the blacks' pursuit of freedom and identity in the novel is also of great practical significance, guiding people to realize their intrinsic freedom and find the true meaning of life. [English: www.cnki.net, 4/2022]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Guo, author = {Guo, Yiting}, title = {The Dilemma and Salvation in >Cost of Living<, Master thesis, World Literature, Zhengshou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 2021 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Martyna Majok is a Polish-American playwright. Her second play >Cost of Living< was published in 2018 and won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in the same year. The main characters in >Cost of Living< are the disabled: Ani and John, and their respective caregiver: Eddie and Jess. They desire to connect with others and the society, while at the same time, gaps of disability, race and class are created between them. However, they do not compromise or give up because of this, but are still actively looking for the salvation of love. This paper interprets the survival dilemma and salvation methods of the characters with the help of Erich Fromm's human existence theory, revealing the living conditions of the marginalized in the United States who are shackled by disability, race, and class. It calls on the society to give more humanistic care to the marginalized and the disadvantaged. This paper consists of five parts, including the introduction, three main chapters and the conclusion. The introduction summarizes the life experience and main works of Majok, the main content of >Cost of Living<, the current research status of this play at home and abroad, and the theoretical framework. The first chapter combines with Fromm's thinking on the existence dilemma of the modern people to analyze the survival dilemma of the four characters in the play. The disability brought both mental and physical torture to John and Ani; Eddie had to endure loneliness in the process of individualization; under alienation, Jess became a commodity for exchange of interests, and alienated from others constantly. In the play, both the disabled and the caregivers were caught in an inescapable survival predicament and could not perceive kindness, trust and love between individuals.- The second chapter explores the reason why the characters were in such dilemma with Fromm's theory of human need. Due to the social exclusion, Ani and John were eager to establish relatedness with the outside. Eddie took the initiative to seek company and rootedness, and Jess was desperate to gain a certain social identity. These unsatisfied spiritual needs made them fall into a desperate situation, and their wrong attempts to meet their needs even got them into deeper dilemma.- The third chapter analyzes different attempts made by the characters to get rid of their predicaments and achieve self-salvation. Infected by love, Ani rekindled her hope and enthusiasm for life. John took the initiative to step out of self-closure. Eddie and Jesse also boldly tried to love others. All the characters made different attempts to build relationships and love with others, but gained different results, which proves that only love based on understanding, respect and trust can lead them out of the predicament of existence and then realize the salvation of love. The play reflects Majok's ardent care for the fate of the marginalized in the United States. On the basis of Fromm's existence theory, this paper represents the real living conditions of the characters and the reasons for their deep predicament. Life is full of hardship and pain, and the marginalized represented by the characters in the play who lacked social attention and care are in deeper dilemma. However, predicament does not mean despair, surrender and compromise. Those who live in it should bravely fight against difficulties with an optimistic attitude. Meanwhile, the society should give them more attention and love, so that they can find the meaning of existence in the world full of loneliness and alienation, and realize self-salvation. [www.cnki.net, 1/2023]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Guo, author = {Guo, Xiadi}, title = {Modern Man's Living Plight and Its Solutions: An Exploration of Alienation in >The Human Stain<, Master thesis, World Literature, Institution: Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2021 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {As an eminent Jewish American writer, Philip Roth is well-known as an incisive observer of America's social scene. His works mainly deal with several themes, including Jewish identity, spiritual crises of humankind, the American Dream, and conflicts between human nature and the ethic or morality of modern society. His masterpiece, the winner of the PEN/Faulkner Award in 2001, >The Human Stain< probes into the plight of self in American society. Up to now, different scholars at home and abroad have analyzed it from a variety of perspectives, like ethnic identity, racial passing, trauma, archetype, and narrative method. Unlike the previous studies, this thesis analyzes it from the perspective of Erich Fromm's alienation theory. As a ubiquitous social phenomenon in modern society, alienation, a mode of subjective experience, indicates that man regards himself as an alienated one or receives the outside world passively. In this novel, these major characters suffer from alienation respectively, including self-alienation, the estranged relationships with one another as well as alienation in the whole society, which results from some irrational thought prevailing in America, like deep-seated racial and gender disparity, political correctness, the climate of persecution and cruel Vietnam War. Based on textual analysis and reference learning, this thesis concludes that though people go through alienation seriously, they can get rid of it through the salvation of love, the pursuit of identity, and the healing power of nature. Sincerely, this thesis can contribute to an interpretation of >The Human Stain< from a new perspective alienation, and raise attention to modern man's living predicaments and its salvation or solutions. [www.cnki.net, 1/2023]}, language = {zh} } @book{Gunawan, author = {Gunawan, Anggun}, title = {Messianik Yahudi - Konsep Messianik Yahudi Menurut Psikoanalisa Erich Fromm [Jewish Messianic - The Jewish Messianic Concept According to Psychoanalyst Erich Fromm], Eds.: Ahmad Iqbal Baqi, Septiana Dwiputri Maharani, Agus Himawan Utomo, Yogyakarta (Gre Publishing) Indonesia 2010, 105 pp., Indonesian. [ISBN: 978-602-96397-0-4]}, language = {mul} } @article{Grulkowski, author = {Grulkowski, Bronisław}, title = {Metoda pomiaru i psychologiczna charakterystyka postaw >byc< i >miec< The Method of Measurement and a Psychological Characteristic of the Attitudes of >to be< and >to have<}, series = {Roczniki Filozoficzne, Vol 43, No. 4 (1995), pp. 171-222. [ISSN 0035-7685]}, journal = {Roczniki Filozoficzne, Vol 43, No. 4 (1995), pp. 171-222. [ISSN 0035-7685]}, abstract = {The paper present the method of measurement of the attitudes of >to be< and >to have<. They are interpreted in philosophical (in existentialism and personalism), psychological and sociological literature either as contradistinctive attitudes or as different hierarchies of values. In the paper >o be< and >to have< are taken to mean attitudes. The attitude >o be< is such a relation to the world which is characterized by a total openness. It has been assumed that the attitudes >to be< and >to have< make the extreme ends of one continuum. On the basis of the theoretical definitions of the attitudes >to be< and >to have< the Scale of >to be< and >to have< Attitudes (SPBiM) has been construed. It is a scale of Likert type made up of 29 statements (one buffer statement, four experimental statements). Additionally, for the sake of a deeper psychological characteristics, Semantic Differential, Value Understanding Test and Value Preference Test have been construed. The array of the above methods has been used in research concerning the sample of 262 persons (131 women, 131 men) who live in large cities. On the basis of the findings obtained in SPBiM (with regard to quartile deviation) a group of 50 persons has been distinguished with the highest intensity of the attitude >to be< (group B), persons with >mediate< (group M-B) and a 50-person group >to have< (group M). Thus distinguished groups B and M differ as to their connotative meanings assigned to 6 aspects of the overall reality understood here as the object of the attitudes >to be< and >to have< (the Universe, nature, temporality, suffering, other people, one's own person). The persons which adopted the >to have< attitude perceive reality as being more >negative<, whereas persons oriented towards >to be< see it in a more >positive< manner. The persons with the >to be< and >to have< attitudes differ as to their understanding of values and their preference. >Perfecting oneself< takes a particular place in the preference of values. The attitudes of >to be< and >to have< are psychologically significant and their measurement is plausible. In the light of the above findings it seems that it is necessary to conduct further empirical research of the >to be< and >to have< attitudes, as well as of ties with other psychological variables.}, language = {pl} } @article{Han, author = {Han, Hyong-Jo}, title = {기氣의 자연과 인간 - 주자학의 미분화적 교호적 사고 논구 [Man and Nature in the Way of Qi - A Study of Zhu Xi's Undifferentiated and Correlational Thinking]}, series = {다산학 [Journal of TASAN Studies], No. 14 (2009), pp. 111-140.}, journal = {다산학 [Journal of TASAN Studies], No. 14 (2009), pp. 111-140.}, abstract = {이 논문은 주자학의 근본적 곤혹 하나를 파고든 시도이다. 이제까지의 접근과는 달리 혹시 자연과 인간의 엄밀한 이분법 자체가 역사적 산물이 아닐까 하고 접근한다. 세계는 하나이지만 세계관은 여럿이다. 인간은 자신과 환경을 이해하는 수많은 방식을 갖고 있기에, 누구도 독점적 정당성을 고집할 수 없다. 다룰 논점은 두 가지이다. 하나는 인간과 자연의 상관성이고, 또 다른 하나는 자연과 윤리의 미분화이다. 1) 자연의 의인화와 자연-인간동형론의 연원은 오래되었다. 주자학은 기氣의 풀 속에서 인간과 자연은 물리적으로 교환되고 있다고 말한다. 인식론적으로 사태는 주관을 통해서만 알려지며, 그런 점에서 사실과 가치 사이에 엄밀한 선을 그을 수 없다는 것을 참고하자고 했다. 2) 자연과 도덕의 엄밀한 구분은 인간 본성의 불신에 기반하고 있다. 과연 윤리는 자연성의 억압 혹은 극복에서 자라는가. 도덕을 자연적 본성의 확인과 그 실현이라고 생각한 동서의 현자들이 많다. 그들은 주자가 이理를 사물의 질서이자 도덕적 지향으로 읽는 데 거부감을 갖지 않을 것이다. 보통은 납득하기 어렵다. 자신의 본성에 대해 무지하다는 것을 인정하기 어렵기 때문이다.}, language = {ko} } @article{Harasim, author = {Harasim, Konrad}, title = {Wolność - odpowiedzialność - bezpieczeństwo jednostki: konteksty aksjologiczne i funkcjonalne w filozofii Ericha Fromma [Freedom - Responsibility - Individual Safety: Axiological and Functional Contexts in Erich Fromm's Philosophy]}, series = {Humanum - Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne, Vol. 23, No. 4 (2016), pp. 67-75. [ISSN 1898-8431]}, journal = {Humanum - Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne, Vol. 23, No. 4 (2016), pp. 67-75. [ISSN 1898-8431]}, abstract = {Freedom, responsibility and safety are categories which penetrate each other. However, in the specialist literature they are more often examined separately. Freedom and security are fundamental values, which are followed by specific needs and aspirations of individuals and groups. They should be treated as specific desiderata of human existence. Complementarity of the analyzed concepts is indisputable, however, responsibility and safety are >secondary< to freedom. On the threshold of the era of hyper globalization only drawing the line clearly - which I will try to propose - at individual freedom and public safety gives a chance to ensure multidimensional welfare of societies. Fromm is of the opinion that contemporary humans marginalize themselves in relation to nature or in confrontation with their surroundings. Human beings have become reified and their potential has been changed into resources, which should be treated as assets and aimed at gaining the highest profits. International relations are brought to the role of alienated beings, and each one of them reaches the feeling of safety only by integrating with the community. As I have proven, maintaining social ties guarantees the sense of safety and, thereby gives the possibility to use one's potential freely.}, language = {pl} } @article{Hardeck, author = {Hardeck, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Vom Haben zum Sein. Erich Fromm neu gelesen}, series = {Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe - ISSN 1437-0956), 27 / 2023, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 025-035.}, volume = {d27/2023b}, journal = {Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe - ISSN 1437-0956), 27 / 2023, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 025-035.}, language = {de} } @article{Hansen, author = {Hansen, Guttorm}, title = {Arbeiderpartiet og Sosialdemokratiet}, series = {E. Fromm (Ed.),Demokratisk Socialisme. Et internasjonalt symposium, Oslo (Dreyers Forlag) 1975, pp. 192-198.}, journal = {E. Fromm (Ed.),Demokratisk Socialisme. Et internasjonalt symposium, Oslo (Dreyers Forlag) 1975, pp. 192-198.}, language = {mul} } @article{Hardeck, author = {Hardeck, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Begr{\"u}ßung bei der Verleihung des Erich Fromm Preises 2022 an Ueli M{\"a}der}, series = {Internationale Erich Fromm Gesellschaft (Ed.): Erich Fromm-Preis 2022 an Ueli M{\"a}der. Die Beitr{\"a}ge der Preisverleihung, Neuhofen/Ybbs (Zeuys Books), 2022, pp. 9-18.}, journal = {Internationale Erich Fromm Gesellschaft (Ed.): Erich Fromm-Preis 2022 an Ueli M{\"a}der. Die Beitr{\"a}ge der Preisverleihung, Neuhofen/Ybbs (Zeuys Books), 2022, pp. 9-18.}, language = {de} } @article{Li, author = {Li, Qiuxian}, title = {從弗洛姆《愛的藝術The Art of Loving》析論《三國演義》的親情書寫 - 以蜀漢後主為中心 [From Fromm's >The Art of Loving<, an Analysis of the Affectionate Writing of >The Romance of the Three Kingdoms<, with the Latter Lord of Shu Han as the Center]}, series = {問學 [Asking about Learning (Kaohsiung City: National Kaohsiung Normal University Chinese Literature)], Vol. 19 (2015), pp. 113-129.}, journal = {問學 [Asking about Learning (Kaohsiung City: National Kaohsiung Normal University Chinese Literature)], Vol. 19 (2015), pp. 113-129.}, abstract = {弗洛姆(Erich Fromm)愛的理論中認為,愛包括一些元素:照顧、責任、尊重及瞭解,其中母親與小孩的關係最密切,她代表著溫暖和安全的狀態,兒童從胚胎起便與母親相互依戀著,縱使日後脫離母體向世界探索,也是相當緊密的。值得注意的是,父親之愛與母愛最大的差別在於,母親是無條件的,而父愛是有條件的。《三國演義》對於劉禪親情的書寫,從三十四回出生到四十一回趙子龍單騎救主、四十二回摔阿斗、六十一回截江奪阿斗、甚至到後來八十五回的託孤事件、及後主登基之後劉禪與諸葛亮的關係等,在在都是於親情的軌跡上書寫。是故,本文欲從現代西方心裡學家弗洛姆(Erich Fromm)《愛的藝術 The Art of Loving》中對於親情剖析的觀點析論《三國演義》中劉禪為中心的敘述,期以重新理解作者在情節段落中的安排和更貼近真實人心的心理狀態,重要的是期盼能梳理出後主人格缺陷部分始是造成蜀國敗亡的真正原因,再從弗洛姆的父親之愛、母親之愛再推而影響人類成年後的父性良知和母性良知,以釐清日後造就出後主如此懦弱無能的主因,竟和童年的親情脈絡有著密不可分的關係。}, language = {zh} } @article{Li, author = {Li, Jing}, title = {The Value Choice and Transcendence of the View of a Better Life under the Changing Times - The Value Dimension of Fromm's Philosophy of Life and Its Contemporary Enlightenment [时代变局下美好生活观的价值选择及超越——弗洛姆生活哲学的价值向度及其当代启示]}, series = {Foreign Theoretical Trends [国外理论动态], No. 2 (2022), pp. 157-164.}, journal = {Foreign Theoretical Trends [国外理论动态], No. 2 (2022), pp. 157-164.}, abstract = {面对20世纪的两次世界大战、冷战及核战争危机等教训,什么样的生活才是美好生活?人们有没有可能及如何实现美好生活?这是主导弗洛姆学术思想的重要主题。弗洛姆回归人本主义,构建了一套完整的、以人本主义伦理学为理论基础的美好生活理论,并主张对资本主义制度进行全面改革,以实现美好生活。显然,弗洛姆的人本主义已经超越了伦理学人本主义的范畴,具有政治哲学意蕴。从政治哲学视阈剖析弗洛姆的美好生活观,厘清其背后蕴含的价值选择,有助于探寻当前时代变局下美好生活的本质要义和实践路径。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Huiling}, title = {An Analysis of Bride's Predicament of Loneliness from Fromm's Theory of Love, Master thesis, World Literature, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2020 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Toni Morrison(1931 - 2019), a renowned and influential African-American literary giant who enjoys univer¬sal acclaim, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993, making her the first black woman who ever receives this distinction ever since the award started. Throughout her literary career, her novel achievement has undoubtedly become a monument in the history of African-American literature. Morrison's novels are deeply concerned about the destiny of African-Americans and the survival of their cultural identity in the white mainstream society. >God Help the Child< is Morrison's 11th novel which officially came out to public in 2015. Contrary to her previous works that are based on the American histories, >God Help the Child< is her first novel that is set in contemporary American life in the 1990s. Main characters of the novel are Bride, Sweetness and Booker. The novel mainly reveals the various injuries and crises encountered by different characters in society, and reveals the complex relationship between family, couples, and friends. The society is developing rapidly nowadays, whereas, people can't feel the existence of love and the value of self-existence, only to find themselves deeply shrouded in the cage of loneliness. As a result, people are eager to find a way to re-establish connections with others and to rediscover the meaning of life. Social theorist and psychoanalyst Fromm once lamented the fact of people's spiritual crises and the collapse of traditional values. In response to this phenomenon, by making love the core of his study, Fromm puts forward his love theory to help human beings get rid of the plight of loneliness. In Fromm's eyes, love is the only answer to solve human beings' existential problems. Combined with Fromm's theory of love, this thesis intends to analyze Bride's predicament of loneliness in >God Help the Child<, and how she successfully escapes from loneliness by connecting love with other people.- This thesis consists of five parts. The first part is the introduction to Toni Morrison, >God Help the Child<, Fromm and his theory of love. In the second part, combined with Fromm's theory of motherly love, erotic Love and brotherly love, this thesis points out Bride's dilemma of loneliness by analyzing Bride's relationship with her mother, her ex-boyfriends, and her friends. The third and the fourth parts deeply analyze the reasons that have engendered Bride's plight of loneliness by thoroughly demonstrating the social as well as Bride's personal causes. The fifth part demonstrates how Bride succeeds in getting rid of the shackles of loneliness and successfully regaining the value of her self-existence and the meaning of life by nurturing love to other people. The last part is the conclusion part, which points out that in the contemporary society where spiritual crises are widespread, only by proactively looking for effective solutions and establishing healthy love connections with other people, can human beings eliminate loneliness and regain the meaning of life. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023]}, language = {en} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Lifang}, title = {A Study of Theodore's Alienation in >The Goldfinch<, Master thesis, World Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {As one of the most famous contemporary female writers in America, Donna Tartt is a newly rising star in American literary circles. It is Tartt's merit to describe the loss and confusion of teenagers and her work is characterized by its graceful language, compact plot and great readability. As a masterpiece that has taken Tartt's nearly eleven years to get completed, >The Goldfinch< tells a story of a miserable boy and a famous painting which has escaped a disaster. Since its publication in 2013, >The Goldfinch< has been interpreted by scholars at home and abroad from different perspectives, whose research results are mainly concentrated on its theme and narrative skills. However, there have been no scholars so far who have interpreted the alienation phenomenon of the protagonist in the work from the perspective of alienation. Therefore, the author attempts to give a brand-new analysis and interpretation of Theodore's alienation phenomenon in the novel with the guidance of famous psychologist Fromm's theory of alienation, which aims to provide readers with more abundant angle to understand this masterpiece. This thesis consists of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. In the part of introduction, Donna Tartt and her masterpiece >The Goldfinch< are briefly arranged. Besides, this part summarizes the current research status of this topic at home and abroad and gives a brief introduction of the alienation theory of Fromm. The research significance of this paper is also clarified in this part. The body part is the main body of this thesis, which consists of three chapters. The first chapter explores the manifestations of Theodore's alienation, which is embodied in his alienation from society, from others and from himself. Alienation is an extremely adverse phenomenon that will do harm to one's mental health. However, it is unavoidable for Theodore to suffer from alienation due to his miserable sufferings and living environment. The second chapter analyzes the roots of Theodore's alienation, which is carefully clarified from the perspective of society, family and Theodore's psychology.- The first section discusses the social roots of Theodore's alienation: the unstable social environment and the general absence of family ethics have caused individuals' general estrangement and alienation.- The second section shows the family roots of Theodore's alienation: the early death of his mother and the absence of his family affection lead to the cultivation of his closed and timid character.- The third section explores the psychological roots of Theodore's alienation: his inner emptiness and loneliness are the fundamental reasons for his alienation. The third chapter analyzes the process of how Theodore constructively eliminates his alienation and finally obtains a sound psychology. The acquisition of fatherly affection and the nourishment of friendship make him feel be loved and help him gain a sense of security and the courage to move forward. Besides, the re-establishment of relationships with the outside world gives him a sense of accomplishment and helps him realize his own value. Moreover, the painting >The Goldfinch< provides him with a broad artistic space, in which he can find some comfort and courage. All of these factors have contributed to the elimination of Theodore's alienation.- The conclusion part is the summary of the above analysis. By analyzing the manifestations and roots of Theodore's alienation, and his efforts to eliminate alienation under the guidance of Fromm's alienation theory, the author constructively gives the advice of solving the spiritual crisis and eliminating the alienation phenomenon of modern people. Besides, the significance and shortcomings of this thesis are also clarified in this part. With the rapid progress of society, people's material life has been greatly improved. However, people's spiritual world has not kept pace with their increasing material wealth. The relationships among people become aloof and isolated, which is harmful to one's healthy development and the progress of society. Therefore, this paper aims to provide some constructive suggestions for modern people to properly handle their anxiety and eliminate their alienation phenomenon through the detailed analysis of Theodore's alienation. It also aims to achieve the healthy development of individuals and help them establish a harmonious relationship full of love. [www.cnki.net, 11/2022]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Peng}, title = {A Study of Alienation in >Oryx and Crake< from the Perspective of Fromm's Alienation Theory, Master thesis, World Literatur, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theory to art].}, abstract = {As one of the most prominent and prolific writers in contemporary Canada, Margaret Atwood has won the Booker Prize twice. >Oryx and Crake< is Margaret Atwood's eleventh novel, which mainly describes the clear recollections of sole human survivor Jimmy-Snowman before the crack of doom. His best friend Crake has destroyed humanity by creating a deadly virus that quickly spreads to the whole world and causes the destruction of human beings. By depicting the alienation phenomenon in the novel, Atwood reveals the predicament of modern people in a modern society and shows her humanistic concern. Based on Fromm's alienation theory, this thesis analyses the phenomenon of alienation from three aspects: the self-alienation, the relationship alienation and the social alienation. Firstly, the self-alienation means that man loses his creativity and subjectivity. Through creative activities and self-love, man can achieve his spiritual development and subjectivity. Secondly, this thesis also explores the relationship alienation. In modern society, people tend to make use of each other to safeguard their interests, which leads to the love that between family members and lovers is not pure. Through mature motherly love and erotic love, children will establish a more harmonious relationship with their parents and lovers will have a deeper understanding of each other. Thirdly, it comes to the social alienation. Technology alienation and consumption alienation are embodied in the social alienation. The misuse of technology and the possession of material things cause the alienation between man and society. In order to establish a humane society, humans can establish a harmonious relationship with society by having a humanistic planning and humanized consumption. By discussing the alienation phenomenon and the methods to eliminate alienation, this thesis attempts to provide a salutary lesson. In order to eliminate alienation, people should establish a harmonious relationship with themselves, others and society with the creativity, love and humanistic spirit. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023]}, language = {en} } @article{Li, author = {Li, Qun}, title = {Analysis on Fromm's Thought of Escape from Freedom and Its Contemporary Value [浅析弗洛姆的逃避自由思想及其当代价值]}, series = {Journal of Tasting the Classics [品位经典], No. 22 (2021), pp. 26-29.}, journal = {Journal of Tasting the Classics [品位经典], No. 22 (2021), pp. 26-29.}, abstract = {埃利希·弗洛姆从心理学的角度指出逃避自由的形成是一个历史过程,对自由作出了全新的解释,认为在现存的社会条件下,没有能够实现真正的自由,只是一种虚假的自由。人们越自由也就越孤独,因为渴望逃避自由便逐渐建立起来了权威主义、破坏欲和机械趋同三种主要机制。弗洛姆的逃避自由思想虽然过于强调心理因素的作用,但其逃避自由的思想在当代仍具有一定价值。}, language = {zh} } @article{Li, author = {Li, Shuang}, title = {>Terrible Compassion<: On the Destructive Power of Scobie's Compassion on Individual Freedom [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Masterpieces Review, No. 17 (2023), pp.:22-24.}, journal = {Masterpieces Review, No. 17 (2023), pp.:22-24.}, abstract = {格雷厄姆·格林的《问题的核心》塑造了一个备受争议的怜悯者形象,格林认为斯考比的怜悯>是一种近乎可怕的骄傲的表达<,具有"灾难性和破坏力"。弗洛姆的逃避自由理论为解读怜悯的破坏力提供了一把钥匙,斯考比的怜悯是对自由的逃避、对权威的服从,个体化力量的丧失也令斯考比成为一个同性趋同、暴力扭曲的恶的人物。}, language = {zh} } @article{LiTan, author = {Li, Huaizheng and Tan, Yan}, title = {Fromm's Critique of the Having-oriented Culture and Its Contemporary Value [弗洛姆对"重占有"文化的批判及其时代价值]}, series = {Journal of Mudanjiang University, No. 7 (2023), pp. 17-22.}, journal = {Journal of Mudanjiang University, No. 7 (2023), pp. 17-22.}, abstract = {Fromm points out in his theory of living mode that the having-oriented culture is caused by the market-oriented social character and it manifests itself as the abstraction of social culture, the unhindered desire and the utilitarianism of education. Fromm's Critique of the having-oriented culture has offered us great inspiration with respect to the construction of socialist culture in China in the new era that we must uphold the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field, build cultural confidence and strength, and promote the development of socialist spiritual civilization. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 8/2023]}, language = {zh} } @article{Li, author = {Li, Wei}, title = {>Alienation< in a >Highly Developed Capitalist Society< - On Haruki Murakami's Novel >Dansu dansu dansu<. The Social Criticism of Haruki Murakami's Novel [>高度发达的资本主义社会<中的>异化<—论村上春树小说《舞!舞!舞!》的社会批判思想] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Aesthetics, No. 2 (2023), pp. 89-93.}, journal = {Aesthetics, No. 2 (2023), pp. 89-93.}, abstract = {村上春树的小说《舞!舞!舞!》对20世纪80年代的日本社会进行了生动的描述,在小说描写的这幅后现代全景图中,人们经历着城市空间、异化劳动以及消费带来的异化,从而逐步丧失自我的主体性,沦为单向度的表征符号。基于哲学家列斐伏尔及法兰克福学派学者埃里希·弗洛姆等人的社会批判理论,解读小说中的异化现象。面对日本高度发达的资本主义社会,村上春树不仅展现了一位有责任感的作家对社会的批判精神,也为异化下的人们指出了一条>村上式<的内在革命之路。}, language = {zh} } @article{Li, author = {Li, Wenli}, title = {[Fromm's Theory of Consumption Alienation and Its Contemporary Value [弗洛姆消费异化理论及其当代价值]}, series = {Journal of Tasting the Classics [品位经典], No. 6, (2022), pp. 22-25.}, journal = {Journal of Tasting the Classics [品位经典], No. 6, (2022), pp. 22-25.}, abstract = {第三次工业革命以来,消费不仅成为生产的首要指向,也早已成为工业社会人们共同认可的生存价值,进而导致现代人的人生价值沉浸于消费编织的虚假美梦,以为人生的幸福是对于消费的实现。弗洛姆提出消费异化理论直指消费社会的虚假和卑劣,主张人要恢复爱、理智和创造力,意图通过经济、政治、文化的民主手段推动人本质的回归,推进社会发展。弗洛姆的异化理论虽有乌托邦性,但能够正视社会发展存在的资源浪费和人的消费心理问题,能够吸收国外社会发展的经验教训为社会主义的社会发展提供借鉴。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Yubo}, title = {On the Criticism of Modernity in Fromm's Concept of Alienation of Human Nature, Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Hubei Academy of Social Sciences, Dongbao, Hubei, China 2021.}, abstract = {Alienation is a social phenomenon that runs through the process of human social development. Alienation refers to the change of nature, society and the relationship between people and human nature. With the development of science and technology and productivity, people's quality of life is getting better and better. However, people are controlled by technology and material desire more and more deeply, alienation as a kind of pathological existence of human is more and more serious. >Modern< means the era of modern life, each generation has its own life, so every era has its >modernity<. Today, we refer to >modern< mainly refers to a certain period in the process of human history evolution, which marks the transformation of social form, mainly refers to the social form since the Renaissance and enlightenment, and indicates that human society has entered capitalist society from feudal society modernity is the alienation of capitalist society. The modernity criticized by Fromm is instrumental rationality in the enlightenment modernity. In terms of his thought itself, it is not only a criticism of modernity, but also a side of modernity prism. Fromm combines the social criticism theory of Frankfurt school and becomes a pole of modern aesthetics. This paper focuses on the analysis of Fromm's alienation of human nature and his criticism of modernity. First, this paper combs the concrete connotation of Fromm's alienation of human nature: Fromm absorbs the essence of Freud and Marx's thought. On the one hand, he points out the close relationship between alienation and empathy from the perspective of psychopathology, and reveals the alienation of individual psychological mechanism, from the alienation of needs, alienation of emotion. The alienation of will shows the psychological symptoms of individuals. On the other hand, Fromm draws on Marx's thought of humanism and studies on labor alienation in the dynamic level of social communication, and introduces it into the social psychological level. Through the analysis of the alienation of hope and religion in the consumer society, the morbid of his time is revealed. In Fromm's view, in modern society, personality alienation, self-loss, escape freedom and authority worship, and survive under illusion, we must reveal and criticize the sick condition of individual and society, get rid of illusion and establish a sound personality and a sound society. Secondly, this paper studies the scheme of the way to perfection put forward by Fromm, and discusses the contemporary Enlightenment of the criticism of modernity in Fromm's alienation of human nature. Fromm's alienation of human nature reveals the disadvantages of capitalist society, criticizes the alienation brought by modernity, which makes human nature changed and the mentality of pursuing his subjective will deviates. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 11/2022]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Wenna}, title = {Research on College Students' >Campus Loan< from the Perspective of Fromm's Consumption Alienation, Master thesis, Higher Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2022.}, abstract = {[Chinese abstract not available.] With the gradual enrichment of material resources, the phenomenon of consumption alienation in western developed capitalist countries has also appeared in contemporary China. Consumption alienation has brought many specific problems and harms to contemporary China, and college students' Campus loan is one of them. Some college students' consumption psychology is affected by the phenomenon of consumption alienation and have a fanatical pursuit of goods and commodities. Because they have no economic income and limited economic ability, they choose to borrow and consume in the way of >campus loan< to meet their material desire, which leads to a series of >campus loan< problems. Fromm's consumption alienation theory has a very important reference significance to solve the problem of College Students' >campus loan<, so this paper systematically combs the main contents of Fromm's consumption alienation theory. Firstly, it explains the core concept of Fromm's consumption alienation theory and consumption alienation; Secondly, it points out that the performance and harm of consumption alienation are mainly reflected in three aspects: consumption alienation makes people lose their subjectivity and creativity, makes people have a false sense of happiness and psychological emptiness, and brings about the survival crisis of modern people; Thirdly, it analyzes the causes of consumption alienation, which has human and social roots; Finally, Fromm pointed out that in order to get rid of consumption alienation, we must establish a productive personality and humane consumption mode and realize the comprehensive reform of the transformation from a sick society to a sound society. Based on Fromm's consumption alienation theory, this paper analyzes the current situation, harm and solution of College Students' Campus loan by using the methods of literature research and integrating theory with practice. Firstly, this paper combs the current situation and classification of College students' >campus loan<, mainly including consumer loan products, routine loan products and campus network loan. At present, consumer loan products and routine loan products are more in contact with college students, and campus network loan seriously endangers the physical and mental health of College students. At present, due to national supervision, it has stopped operation one after another; Secondly, it deeply analyzes the harm of College students' campus loan to college students themselves, their families and all aspects of the school; Finally, from the perspective of Fromm's consumption alienation theory, the paper puts forward that to solve the problem of College Students' >campus loan<, we should cultivate college students' sound personality and advocate correct consumption patterns, and puts forward specific solutions from these two aspects. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 9/2022]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Xiaoxian}, title = {An Analysis of Fromm's Existence Concept, Master thesis, Philosophy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China 2022.}, abstract = {Erich Fromm is an American psychologist and psychoanalyst. In his system of doctrine, the existence concept occupies an important position. In Fromm's view, existence mode not only reflects the individual's living conditions, but also reflects the status and level of social development. Existence mode is not only an issue of values, but also an issue of ethics and psychology. Fromm's concept is deeply influenced by Marx and Freud. Marx's alienated labor theory and Freud's psychoanalytic theory constitute important theoretical sources of his existence concept. Fromm divides existence mode into two types: the mode of having and the mode of being. Fromm profoundly reveals the social psychology and character characteristics of having, as well as the negative effects of having on all levels of society. On this basis, Fromm believes that it is necessary to shape a proactive mode of existence with >freedom<, >creativity< and >love< as the core demands, and to promote the construction of a new society through reforms at the political, economic and cultural levels, and to cultivate the new person with ideas of existence mode. By doing so, it is effective to eliminate the negative effects caused by alienation, reification and fetishism, and to transcend the existence mode of having. Fromm's denial and criticism of the existence mode of having and the advocacy and assumption of the existence mode of being have positive enlightenment significance for the spiritual civilization construction of our society and the all-round development of human beings. However, Fromm's existence thought also has obvious limitations. He lacks historical materialism. Although he recognizes that the generalization of the existence mode of having is the result of the development of private ownership, he ignores and downplays the decisive role of the economic foundation in social change. The social reform plan he proposes is out of touch with reality and has a strong utopian color, making it difficult to become a reality. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2022]}, language = {en} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Zhiliang}, title = {A Study on Erich Fromm's Theory of Faith Crisis, Master thesis, Philosophy, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China 2023.}, abstract = {This paper takes Erich Fromm's exposition on faith crisis as the research object, and places the background of worldwide faith crisis as the entry point, trying to discuss the negative effect of faith crisis. As a psychologist and psychoanalyst, Fromm studied the formation and development of the belief crisis theory from the perspective of >human<, fully explained the theoretical core of Fromm's faith crisis theory, and conducted a dialectical analysis and discussion of Fromm's faith crisis theory.- First of all, the article analyzes the formation background of Fromm's faith crisis theory and introduces the historical background and current status of development from a historical macro perspective and a micro personal perspective, by analyzing the changes in Fromm's personal faith patterns, we can have a holistic overview of his faith crisis theory. Fromm's faith crisis theory inherited and developed Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis and Karl Heinrich Marx's theory, especially inherited Freud's character theory, and then it created social character theory, and provided research for the crisis of faith. The connection between Fromm's faith crisis theory, Marx's alienation theory, and historical materialism theory lay a solid basis of this paper.- The second is to sort out the content of Fromm's faith crisis theory and analyze the concepts related to faith, including the definition of faith, religion, and faith crisis. By analyzing the subject of faith crisis, Fromm carefully sorted out Fromm's exposition of >the birth of man<, reflecting Fromm's principle of paying attention to the subject status of man. By analyzing the social character structure and spiritual structure in Fromm's faith crisis theory, it is found that the theory of human spiritual structure and character structure is not only a standard for dividing faith types, but also an important basis for solving the crisis of human faith.- Thirdly, it makes a dialectical evaluation of Fromm's faith crisis theory. On the one hand, it explains the rationality of inheriting and applying Marxist theory in Fromm's faith crisis theory, On the other hand, it explains the limitations of the theory.- Finally, it discusses the practical enlightenment of Fromm's faith crisis theory, and mainly explains how to play the role of social personality theory in the process of cultivation and shaping of creative personality as well as rational faith. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023]}, language = {en} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Xiaomei}, title = {An Analysis of the Humanistic Value of Technology - Also on Marx's Philosophy of Technology [技术的人本价值探析 ——兼论马克思的技术哲学思想], Master thesis, Scientific Research Management, Heilongjiang University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China 2002.}, abstract = {The subject of this work is the state of human nature as a result of the impact of technology. Technology is significant for human nature, human freedom and human liberation. Based on an examination of the state of man's nature as a result of the impact of technology, this paper argues that in the process of technology development, on the one hand, reason and wisdom develop man's nature, and on the other hand, this nature is hindered, even destroyed; technology and man's nature are restricted from within. Technology development is not the final goal, but human development is the goal of technology development. In this work, we have dealt with modern technology philosophy and technology-critical ideas in the Western countries and technology alienation according to Marx on the level of human nature, taking human nature as the basis. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 6/2023]}, language = {zh} } @article{LiLi, author = {Li, Yuyan and Li, Jia}, title = {>Having< is not >Being<: Fromm's Theory of Alienated Consumption and Its Sublation}, series = {Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University (Social Sciences), No. 2 (2022), pp. 75-81.}, journal = {Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University (Social Sciences), No. 2 (2022), pp. 75-81.}, abstract = {Fromm divided the value orientation of human beings into two kinds: emphasis on >having< and emphasis on >being<, and distinguished the essence of the two. He pointed out that alienated consumption is a way of existence of emphasis on having, which leads to the alienation of human beings and nature, between people and people as well as individual human beings, so that people are more and more far away from the >being<. He believes that only by changing the value orientation of people can we abandon the alienated consumption and return to the nature of human existence. Under the influence of western consumer society, alienated consumption is also spreading in our country. At this critical time, Fromm's criticism of alienated consumption is of great significance for us to cultivate the correct consumption concept, imple¬ment the correct consumption behavior, and realize the sustainable utilization of resources, social harmony and the all-round development of human beings [Translation: www.cnki.net, 4/2023]}, language = {zh} } @article{Lim, author = {Lim, Chai-Kuang}, title = {소외개념에 대한 프롬과 마르쿠제의 정신분석학적 해명 [Technik und Entfremdung: Eine psychologische Untersuchung nach Fromm und Marcuse]}, series = {동서철학연구 [S.P.E.W - Studies in Philosophy East-West], No. 67 (2013), pp. 385-407.}, journal = {동서철학연구 [S.P.E.W - Studies in Philosophy East-West], No. 67 (2013), pp. 385-407.}, abstract = {프롬과 마르쿠제에 의하면 우리사회의 소외문제가 심각히 대두된 배후에는 기술과 과학의 전체주의적 속성과 자본주의적 산업논리가 기술을 동원하여 인간과 사회를 폭력적으로 지배하는데 그 핵심에 있다고 보았다. 아울러 두 철학자간 유사성은 다음과 같다: 1, 사회과학적 방법론과 정신분석학을 접목시키는 학제간 연구를 연구방법론으로 채택, 2, 존재론적 측면에서 현실과 초월적 세계의 2원론적 구조를 취함, 3. 현대 기술사회를 반이성적이고 반생명적으로 봄. 또한 이들은 건전한 사회를 위한 구상 및 전망에 있어서도, 혁명적 인간상을 통해 구현하고자 하였다는 데 그 유사성을 보인다. 본 연구는 마르쿠제와 프롬 사이의 이견에도 다음과 같이 정리하였다 : 1, >소외< 개념에 있어서 마르쿠제는 일종의 퇴행이자 해결해야하는 사회구조적 병폐로 보고 있는 반면에 프롬은 마르쿠제와 달리 >사회적 병폐로서의 소외<로만 분류하지 않고 >존재론적 문제로서의 소외<로도 이해하고 있다.2, >자연< 개념을 두고 볼 때, 마르쿠제는 자연 낙관주의적 관점을 갖지만 프롬은 인간이 극복해야하는 대상으로서 인간의 삶에 부정적 대상으로 파악한다. 3, 마르쿠제는 >기술<을 원칙적으로 긍정적으로 보고 있다. 단지, 선진 산업사회의 제도적 합리성이 기술의 사용을 왜곡시키고 있다고 보았던 것에 반해, 프롬은 기술 자체를 일종의 중립적 대상으로 보고 있다.}, language = {ko} } @misc{Jiarong, author = {Jiarong, Lin}, title = {The Exploration Into the Influence of Social Unconscious on the Individual Through Cyberpunk, Master of Fine Arts in Illustration, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts in Illustration), Fine Arts, Syracuse University, New York, USA 2021, 22 + 6 pp. [surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1583\&context=thesis] [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the influence of the social unconscious on human beings in a future context. In psychoanalyst Erich Fromm's view, the social unconscious refers to Individuals who are afraid of being separated from the society they live in, they often adapt and distort their human needs to meet the requirements of our social system. However, with the strengthening of personality and self-awareness in our present society, how will the relationship between the social subconscious and people's self-awareness change in the future? This is the key issue of this thesis. In the first part, by studying the definition of the social unconscious and related works, this thesis tries to understand the root cause of the influence of the social unconscious and how it affects people's behavior and decision-making. In the second part, this thesis makes an in-depth study of Cyberpunk and objective imagery in related works, revealing that Cyberpunk is a projection of the real world, and clues for many problems in the real world can be found in the Cyberpunk world. In the third part, this thesis explores the changes in people's consciousness in the Cyberpunk world. Finally, this thesis concludes people will not be rid of the influence of the social unconscious whether in the real world or the future world. Even as people's self-awareness is constantly enhanced, self-awareness and social unconscious will always exist as contradictory to one another.}, language = {en} } @article{LimPark, author = {Lim, Sungmin and Park, Meegnee}, title = {유행을 따르게 되는 내적 에너지에 대한 연구 - Masochism 을 중심으로 [The Study of the Inner Energy for Following the Fashion Trend - Focusing on Masochism 션에서]}, series = {한국의류학회지 [Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles], Vol. 32, No. 3 (2008), pp. 362-372.}, journal = {한국의류학회지 [Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles], Vol. 32, No. 3 (2008), pp. 362-372.}, abstract = {The remarkable tendency shown in recent fashion can be the customer's passiveness, not only their feeling desire for product but also needs for product seem to be made by mass media. So this condition can be thought as the currency of energy for being subjected. The public of fashion eagerly want the fashion style to be suggested for following it. The late Freudian, Erich Fromm said that the reason why individuals demand themselves to follow the masses' move could be explained as the hope against the fear of feeling not being from staying isolated and having no direction. Escaping from this fear, individuals ought to believe the necessity of participation in public. The fashion is willing to be defined as the united condition by individuals in the hope being consolidate in masses against being solitude. Nowadays, people can share many information with internet, the fastest medium, which makes the individuals impatient not to be isolate, thinking other people must contact the information and should feel pressure of taking part in the currency. Even though the style is considered to be awkward for following it, it is frequent exposure on mass media by celebrities wearing the style could soon make a fashion. This is able to show that many customers should incline to consider less about their style or taste, whereas lean to pursue after masses' authority. Recent consumers have propensity to avoid feeling concern about others' criticism, on the other side, they try to chase of the fashion as masses' choice for feeling peaceful. The reason why people recognize not to have clothing to wear in spite of a large wardrobe, it must reflect their needs promoted from outside influence of introducing for new styles.}, language = {ko} } @article{Lin, author = {Lin, Jinbo}, title = {Fromm's Discussion and Development of Marx's >Alienation< [弗洛姆对马克思>异化<的探讨与发展]}, series = {Modern Communication [现代交际], No. 22 (2021), pp. 191-193,155.}, journal = {Modern Communication [现代交际], No. 22 (2021), pp. 191-193,155.}, abstract = {弗洛姆作为法兰克福学派的重要成员,在思想上继承法兰克福学派的重要观点,认为批判性是马克思主义的灵魂,而同时,其推崇弗洛伊德的相关学说,也由此具有较为浓厚的人道主义色彩。他在对社会现实的考察当中继承了马克思的一系列思想,特别是在对资本主义社会的批判上,多次采用马克思对于异化的批判,逐步构建自己的理论体系。随着资本主义社会的发展,异化现象开始走出经济领域,迈向了更广阔的空间,弗洛姆也注意到了这一点,从多个角度入手进行了一定的批判。同时,弗洛姆也非常欣赏弗洛伊德,在分析的过程中也融入了弗洛伊德的精神分析学说,提出了社会性格学说。本文将重点分析其对资本主义文化现象的一系列批判,从中汲取一定的宝贵经验。}, language = {zh} } @article{Lin, author = {Lin, Jinbo}, title = {The Self and the Other - From the Perspective of Fromm [自我与他者——从弗洛姆的视角切入]}, series = {Journal of Social Science of Jiamusi University [佳木斯大学社会科学学报], No. 3 (2022), pp. 15-18.}, journal = {Journal of Social Science of Jiamusi University [佳木斯大学社会科学学报], No. 3 (2022), pp. 15-18.}, abstract = {个体自由是自文艺复兴以来不断被探讨的一个问题,传统的人与人的依赖关系逐渐被剥离,个体呈现出了>原子化<的特征,也因此,个体与个体之间的矛盾与冲突逐步加剧。针对这一问题,弗洛姆作为西方马克思主义和弗洛伊德主义的一位结合者,基于他对于人本主义和精神分析心理学的多重分析,从人道化社会的角度阐述了社会对于人的重要作用。而其思想路径也彰显了探索人与社会关系动态平衡的新角度。}, language = {zh} } @article{Liang, author = {Liang, Zhifeng}, title = {Cultivation of Sound Personality of Primary School Students [小学生健全人格的培养]}, series = {Journal of Educational Development [教育导刊], No. 12 (2007), p. 58.}, journal = {Journal of Educational Development [教育导刊], No. 12 (2007), p. 58.}, abstract = {完整的人格是指实现了知、意、情统一的人格。弗洛姆认为,只有把人的情感与智力相结合,才能培养出健全完整的人格。小学生人格是一个复杂、多侧面、多层次的统一体,小学生人格教育的得失关系到他们的身心健康、学习效率以及社会适应能力的发展。因此人格教育必须坚持全面整体、持续统一、个体特色和社会化的原则。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Zhuoyue}, title = {A Study on Southern American Society in >Clock Without Hands< from the Perspective of Fromm's Alienation Theory, Master thesis, World Literature, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2022 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Carson McCullers is an important female writer in the history of American Southern literature, and her works are full of description of Southern society. >Clock Without Hands<, her last novel, describes the Southern people and events in the mid-twentieth century. Most research outcomes focus on characters and mental description in the novel, a few are concerned with its social discourse, but few literary critics probe the alienation and its connection with society and history. This thesis explores the characters' alienation condition in the South from the perspective of the alienation theory, which Fromm also emphasizes the individual experience and social elements, so as to reveal the panorama of Southern American society in >Clock Without Hands<. This thesis concludes that McCullers' description on social alienation and social changes of the novel presents Southern advancement in the twentieth century, and it provides a new way to understand Southern society in >Clock Without Hands<, with the analysis of its theme of alienation. [Translation: www.cnki.net, 7/2023]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Lichtenberg, author = {Lichtenberg, Philip}, title = {Review Fromm, E.: The Crisis of Psychoanalysis (1970a, English)}, series = {Social Work, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Jan., 1971), pp. 111-112.}, journal = {Social Work, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Jan., 1971), pp. 111-112.}, language = {en} } @article{Mahnkopf, author = {Mahnkopf, Birgit}, title = {>Green Deal< als Pfad {\"o}kologischer Transformation im Kapitaloz{\"a}n?}, series = {Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe - ISSN 1437-0956), 27 / 2023, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 145-161.}, volume = {d27/2023k}, journal = {Fromm Forum (Deutsche Ausgabe - ISSN 1437-0956), 27 / 2023, Tuebingen (Selbstverlag), pp. 145-161.}, language = {de} } @article{Malinowska, author = {Malinowska, Alina}, title = {For Nature with Love: >Fuck for Forest< - An >Unromantic< Perspective [Przyrodzie, z miłością: >Fuck For Forest< - oblicze nieromantyczne] [Pro Natur mit Liebe: >Fuck For Forest< - keine romantische Perspektive]}, abstract = {Celem artykułu jest analiza problem{\´o}w związanych z działalnością na rzecz ochrony środowiska w świetle metod ochrony przyrody związanych z afektywnym podejściem do zagadnień natury. Artykuł omawia zjawisko >Fuck For Forest<, związane z działalnością międzynarodowej organizacji ekologicznej, pozyskującej środki na wspieranie przedsięwzięć pro-ekologicznych za pomocą pornografii. Działalność grupy ujawnia złożoność przedsięwzięć ekologicznych, obnażając problemy związane z wolontariatem, r{\´o}żnicami kulturowymi, kulturową tożsamością oraz kulturowo uwarunkowanym pojęciem natury. Wskazuje na liczne dylematy związane z biofilią, jakie ujawniają się we wsp{\´o}łczesnych formach ochrony środowiska.}, language = {en} } @article{Maliszewski, author = {Maliszewski, Krzysztof}, title = {To not nurture a war - education against violence (Girard - Patočka)}, series = {Studia z Teorii Wychowania, Vol. 14, No. 2 (43) (2023), pp. 357-368. [Online ISSN 2719-4078] [sztw.chat.edu.pl/resources/html/article/details?id=613665]}, journal = {Studia z Teorii Wychowania, Vol. 14, No. 2 (43) (2023), pp. 357-368. [Online ISSN 2719-4078] [sztw.chat.edu.pl/resources/html/article/details?id=613665]}, abstract = {The author is primarily interested in violence in the form of joining Girard's persecution crowd. Thus, the text concerns violence not in the general sense as the use of force to break resistance, nor symbolic violence in the sense of Pierre Bourdieu, but in the sense of human disposition to retaliate and persecution - in other words, violence is analyzed here in terms similar to what Erich Fromm called malignant aggression - the tendency to destroy and gain unlimited control over other people and the world. In the text, the author radicalizes the question about the pedagogical context of violence, treating the tendency to hasty curricular and organizational changes (which often occur after events of escalating violence in schools), as well as the utilitarian search for effective preventive evidence-based measures, as illusions and part of the problem we face with violence. He recognizes that pedagogical reflection must go much deeper. He seeks knowledge about the sources of violence and the cultural formations that foster it in the works of the French anthropologist Ren{\´e} Girard and the Czech philosopher Jan Patočka. The ideas of mimetic rivalry and the 20th century as war can give us insight into the phenomenon of violence and suggest the direction of educational transformation. The author conducts the analysis in several steps. After a critical introduction to the contemporary reaction of education to violence, he first outlines Girard's concept of the mimetic mechanism, then emphasizes three ideas present in it (with references to the nowadays): violence as an anthropological feature embedded in the human condition, unawareness of one's own violence and unanimity of the persecuting crowd. In the end, these three accents become the basis for the postulate of existential reorientation of education, based on Patočka's concept of forces of the day and the night.}, language = {en} } @article{Malkaf, author = {Malkaf, Aladdin}, title = {The Theory of the Perfect Human Being from the Perspective of Morteza Motahari and Erich Fromm (Farsi)}, series = {Danesh Pazhoohan - A Scientific Student Journal, Vol. 11, No. 28 (Spring 2013), pp. 111-125.}, journal = {Danesh Pazhoohan - A Scientific Student Journal, Vol. 11, No. 28 (Spring 2013), pp. 111-125.}, language = {mul} } @article{Maiwald, author = {Maiwald, Florian}, title = {The Burden of Freedom: Sartre's Sleep and Fromm's Awakening}, series = {Epoch{\´e} Magazine, Issue \#56, October 2022.}, journal = {Epoch{\´e} Magazine, Issue \#56, October 2022.}, language = {en} } @article{Kwon, author = {Kwon, Hyuck-mi}, title = {토니 모리슨의 신앙 여정: 『가장 푸른 눈』과 『신이여 그 아이를 도우소서』를 중심으로 [Toni Morrison's Path of Religion in >The Bluest Eye< and >God Help the Child<] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {문학과 종교 [Literature and Religion], Vol. 23, No. 3 (2018), pp. 21- 40.}, journal = {문학과 종교 [Literature and Religion], Vol. 23, No. 3 (2018), pp. 21- 40.}, abstract = {본 논문에서는 토니 모리슨의 첫 번째 소설 『가장 푸른 눈』과 최근 소설 『신이여 그 아이를 도우소서』에 등장하는 기독교인들을 에리히 프롬의 『소유냐 존재냐』에서 설명하는 두 가지 실존양식을 바탕으로 분석하여 작가의 신앙관을 추적하였다. 1970년에 발표된 『가장 푸른 눈』에는 세 명의 >소유양식<의 신앙인들인 폴린과 제럴딘 위트콤이 등장한다. 이들은 자신들의 입지를 위해 종교를 이용하고 피콜라의 정신분열 발생에 심각한 부정적 영향을 미친다. 2015년에 발표된 『신이여 그 아이를 도우소서』에서 부커의 고모 퀸은 >존재양식의 신앙인<으로 브라이드가 진정한 정체성을 형성하고 부커와의 사랑을 회복하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다. 기독교 신앙의 주요 속성을 >베푸는 사랑<으로 규정해온 토니 모리슨은 평생 >소유양식의 신앙인<들을 질타하고 >존재양식의 신앙인<이 되도록 촉구하며 독자들의 정신적인 성숙을 이끌어온 >존재양식의 신앙인<이다. 작가는 말년의 작품에서 기독교인들을 긍정적으로 평가하고 태아를 향한 축복 기도를 작품의 제목으로 삼을 만큼 신앙을 향한 긍정적인 태도를 보여주고 있다.}, language = {ko} } @article{Kwon, author = {Kwon, Hyuck-mi}, title = {사랑에서 토니 모리슨의 사랑의 정의 [Toni Morrison's Definition of Love in >Love<] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {문학과 종교 [Literature and Religion], Vol. 21, No.1 (2016), pp. 39-57.}, journal = {문학과 종교 [Literature and Religion], Vol. 21, No.1 (2016), pp. 39-57.}, abstract = {사랑에는 성공한 아프리카계 미국인 사업가 빌 코지 가족들의 부정적인 행위들이 난무하여 사랑의 상반되는 모습들을 보여준다. 가족들의 불화의 원인 제공자는 빌 코지이다. 52세의 빌 코지는 11살 히드와 결혼을 하고 이 결혼 이후, 가족들은 고통당한다. 특히 가족들의 싸움에 지쳤다면서, 빌 코지는 전 재산을 내연녀에게 유산으로 남긴다는 유언장을 작성하여 가족 모두를 배반한다. 빌 코지와 그의 가족의 불화한 모습들은 호텔 주방장인 엘의 사랑을 부각한다. 엘은 작품 속 주요 등장인물 중 유일하게 빌 코지에 대응하는 인물이다. 엘은 어머니가 부재한 빌리 보이와 크리스틴을 양육한다. 그녀는 코지 가족들의 심정을 이해하고, 재치 있는 대처로 각종 갈등상황을 해결하고, 누구의 편도 들지 않고 불행에 빠진 사람을 돕는다. 또한 조금도 불법적인 금전상의 이익을 추구하지 않는다. 역설적이게도 엘의 사랑은 빌 코지의 살해와 대체 유언장 만들기로 완성된다. 엘을 통해 모리슨은 사랑이란 고린도 전서 13장의 부정적인 행위들 즉 투기, 자랑, 교만, 무례함, 이기주의에 굴복하지 않는 것이고, 에리히 프롬이 설명했듯이, 보호하고 책임지며, 상대를 존중하고 그의 처지에서 이해하고 도움을 주는 행위이며, 이에 더해 긍정적인 결과를 위해 계산 없이 과감하게 정의를 실천하는 행위임을 주장하고 있다.}, language = {ko} } @article{Kwon, author = {Kwon, Hyeoknam}, title = {고독사 예방 및 극복을 위한 기독교 사회윤리적 기초 [Christian Social Ethics for Preventing and Overcoming Solitary Death]}, series = {권혁남 [Theology and Praxis], No. 38 (2014), 441-452.}, journal = {권혁남 [Theology and Praxis], No. 38 (2014), 441-452.}, abstract = {현대사회는 경제 환경의 급격한 변화 및 가족의 축소, 도시환경의 변화, 가치관의 혼란 등으로 인해 사람들의 >유대<(혹은 친밀감)가 점점 약화되어가고 있다. 그래서 최근 사회 및 학계의 각 영역에서 >유대<라는 개념이 주목받고 있다. 이처럼 우리사회에서 >유대<라는 개념이 크게 관심을 모으고 있는 것은 바꾸어 말하면 인간관계의 왜곡 현상이 이제는 간과할 수 없을 만큼 많은 사람들에게 일어나고 있는 문제라는 것을 반증하고 있는 것이라 할 수 있다. 최근 이러한 문제에 대한 조사가 일부 진행되기는 했으나 축적된 연구가 매우 빈약하고, 그 정책적 대응 또한 매우 미비하다. 얼마 전부터 문제의 심각성을 인지한 이들에 의해 다양한 연구적 접근이 시도되고 있지만 이 영역의 접근은 단순히 실태보고와 현상적 대응에 대한 논의만 이루어질 뿐 이를 뒷받침할 수 있는 이론적 고찰이 뒤따르지 못하고 있다. 그 이유는 인간관계의 상실 및 왜곡에 따른 결과적 현상이 사회적 고립에 의한 >고독사<와 같은 충격적인 형태로 나타나다보니 이론적 고찰보다는 대응책 마련이 더 시급한 선결과제가 되어버렸기 때문일 것이다. 그러나 눈앞의 문제에 급급한 나머지 그 심원의 근본적 해결을 위한 요인을 밝히는 작업이 선행되지 않는다면 이 문제는 계속 우리사회에 잠복해 있다가 언제든지 다시 그 현상을 표출시킬 것임은 자명하다. 이는 우리사회가 이미 경험한 바다. 현재 사회적으로 고독사 현상의 양적⋅질적 변화에 맞는 다양한 대책이 강구되고 있음에도 불구하고 고독사와 관련하여 여전히 과거의 현상과 다를 바 없는 언론의 보도가 지금도 여전히 지속되고 있기 때문이다. 그러므로 본 논문은 >고독사< 문제의 예방 및 극복은 다양한 차원의 제도적 대책마련에 앞서 기본적(이론적) 접근을 통해 근본적 해결을 위한 요인을 밝히고, 그에 따라 접근해야만 가능하다고 주장한다. 이 주장을 뒷받침하기 위해 우선 >기본<으로서의 인간관계인 >유대<와>사랑<의 관계를 에드문트 후설과 에리히 프롬의 견해에 기대어 윤리적 관점에서 해석해 보고, 이를 토대로 마틴 루터와 존 웨슬리의 논설을 따라 >기독교적 공공성과 사회적 책임<인 >이웃사랑<이 고독사 예방 및 극복을 위한 윤리 사상적 토대임을 제안하였다.}, language = {ko} } @article{Kuznetsow, author = {Kuznetsow, Ilya Olegovich}, title = {Экзистенциальные вызовы постсовременного общества: анализируя Эриха Фромма [Existential challenges of post-modern society: analyzing Erich Fromm]}, series = {Южный полюс Исследования по истории современной западной философии [South Pole Studies in the History of Modern Western Philosophy], Vol. 8, No. 1-2 (2022), pp. 76-80. [doi.org/10.18522/2415-8682-2022-8-76-80]}, journal = {Южный полюс Исследования по истории современной западной философии [South Pole Studies in the History of Modern Western Philosophy], Vol. 8, No. 1-2 (2022), pp. 76-80. [doi.org/10.18522/2415-8682-2022-8-76-80]}, abstract = {в статье приводится попытка показать и доказать, что, несмотря на прошедшее время, Эрих Фромм говорит с нами о нашей социальной реальности на нашем языке. >Диагнозы< больной ткани постсовременного гражданского общества, а также оценки феноменов социальной и экзистенциальной реальности, поражают своей точностью и актуальностью. В статье анализируются работы Фромма, а также комментирующая литература современных западных авторов.}, language = {ru} } @article{LamlabaBerutuetal, author = {Lamlaba Berutu, Duma and et al.,}, title = {L'autoritarisme et la Libert{\´e} Positive de Personnage Principal dans le Roman >Sans Famille< d'Hector Malot (Une Etude Psychologie d'Erich Fromm) [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Lingua Litteria Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1 (2020), pp. 0-5. [Print ISSN 2252-6730] [journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/lel/article/view/38816/16139]}, journal = {Lingua Litteria Journal, Vol. 7, No. 1 (2020), pp. 0-5. [Print ISSN 2252-6730] [journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/lel/article/view/38816/16139]}, abstract = {The focus of this study is the authoritarianism and positive freedom on the main character in the novel >Sans Famille<. The theory in this study used humanistic psychology of Erich Fromm. The aim of this study is to find out and to describe the existence of the main character in the novel. Data of this study is the novel >Sans Famille< by Hector Malot. The method of the study is the qualitative descriptive method. Data analysis in this study in three pieces: The authoritarianism on the main character; the positive freedom on the main character, relation between of the authoritarianism and positive freedom on the main character.}, language = {fr} } @article{Kwon, author = {Kwon, Oh-yong}, title = {증오의 생산, 대상, 정당화 - 프롬, 짐멜, 아도르노를 중심으로 [Production, Reproduction, Legitimation of Hatred: Focusing on Fromm, Simmel and Adorno]}, series = {사회이론 [Korean Journal of Social Theory], Vol. 58 (2020), pp. 409-450.}, journal = {사회이론 [Korean Journal of Social Theory], Vol. 58 (2020), pp. 409-450.}, abstract = {이 연구는 개인과 전체사회 간의 변증법적 연관에 주목하여 개인적 증오가 사회적으로 발현되고 재생산되는 과정과 형태를 살펴봄으로써 사회적 증오에 대한 효과적 대응양식을 프롬과 짐멜, 아도르노의 연구를 통해 이론적으로 탐색하였다. 연구결과, 프롬이 제시한 성격에 의한 증오 개념을 통해 개인적인 감정이지만 사회적으로 조건지어진 생활경험에 의해 생성되는 증오의 사회적 성격을 확인하였다. 또한 짐멜의 이방인 개념을 통해 친밀감과 거리감의 동시성이 이방인의 특성이며, 민족적으로 동일한 집단 속에서도 특정 집단이 이방인으로 지목되어 증오의 대상이 될 수 있음을 밝혔다. 그리고 증오를 정당화하는 편견과 이를 사회적-정치적으로 동원하는 선전선동에 대한 아도르노의 연구를 통해 편견이 민주사회의 가치를 거부하는 권위주의적 인성을 가진 사람의 소망을 강화하는 기능을 한다는 점을 밝히고, 편견을 동원하는 선전선동의 기술과 작동방식을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 편견과 그 동원의 사회적 조건 탐구와 편견과 박해의 현실적 결과를 알려 사람들을 설득하는 지성적 대항수단의 필요성을 제시하였다. 이 연구는 사회적 증오가 복잡한 이해관계와 사회심리학적 연관 속에서 단번에 해결될 수 없는 문제임을 지적하였으며, 꾸준한 분석과 비판을 통해 증오에 대응할 것을 제안한다.}, language = {ko} }