@misc{Schneider, author = {Schneider, Gregor-S{\"o}nke}, title = {Keine Kritische Theorie ohne Leo L{\"o}wenthal. Die >Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialforschung< (1932-1941/42). Dissertation an der Philosophischen Fakult{\"a}t der Leibniz Universiot{\"a}t Hannover, Hannover 2012, 300 pp.}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird im Sinne einer Intellectual History der Beitrag von Leo L{\"o}wenthal an der Konzeption der Kritischen Theorie im Rahmen der Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialforschung herausgestellt. In dieser Zeitschrift, die fast zehn Jahre lang das Publikationsorgan des in Frankfurt am Main gegr{\"u}ndeten Instituts f{\"u}r Sozialforschung war, entwickelten Max Horkheimer, Friedrich Pollock, Herbert Marcuse, Theodor W. Adorno, Erich Fromm und auch Walter Benjamin w{\"a}hrend der 30er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts eine kritische Theorie der Gesellschaft. Leo L{\"o}wenthal trug ebenfalls maßgeblich zur Entwicklung der Kritischen Theorie bei - sowohl in theoretischer als auch praktischer Hinsicht. Als verantwortlicher Schriftleiter der Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sozialforschung hielt er das Forum und Sprachrohr des Instituts f{\"u}r Sozialforschung am Laufen, in dem die programmatischen Aufs{\"a}tze zur Kritischen Theorie erarbeitet und ver{\"o}ffentlicht wurden. Doch auch seine theoretischen Beitr{\"a}ge stehen in enger inhaltlicher Beziehung zu den Arbeiten der anderen Institutsmitglieder und besitzen origin{\"a}ren Charakter. Beide Aspekte - theoretischer und praktischer - zeigen, dass L{\"o}wenthals Arbeit unentbehrlicher Teil des kollektiven Projektes einer Kritischen Theorie war.}, language = {de} } @misc{A, author = {A, Weixing}, title = {The Psychoanalytical Study of the Absence of Love in Toni Morrison's >Love< [对莫里森小说《爱》中爱的缺失的心理阐释], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Toni Morrison, the first black American Nobel Prize winner in American literature, has had a profound influence in the literary world. So far Morrison has published nine novels In her novel >Love<, published in 2003, Morrison continues to pay attention to the black women under the patriarchy, sexism and racism. In >Love<, Morrison focuses on the miserable life of the black women and explores the absence of love and its restoration in the black families and the black community. Based on Fromm's humanistic psychology, the present thesis intends to reveal the absence of love for the main protagonists in >Love< and interpret the causes of the absence of love in the black women by the psychoanalytic theory of transference, projection and repression.- Firstly, the author gives an account of Toni Morrison's literary career and critical reviews on her work, a summary of the main plot of Love, and some commentaries about it as well.- Secondly, by introducing Fromm's humanistic psychology, particularly Fromm's theory of love and the psychological mechanism in terms of transference, projection and repression, the author intends to reveal the absence of love in the black community: the loss of maternal love between May and Christine; the absence of friendship in the black women, focusing on the cold sisterhood between Heed and Christine. The psychoanalytic transference and projection are applied mainly to interpret the causes of their abnormal relationships.- Thirdly, the author aims to illustrate the absence of love in marriage, concentrating on Heed's and Christine's marriage lives and uses repression to interpret how the miserable marriage coming into being under the influence of patriarchy.- And then, the author tries to explore the restoration of love in terms of the sisterhood and the unity of black community to show that the communication and interdependence on black women will promise a healthy and normal future both for African American women and for the whole community.- Consequently, a conclusion is drawn that the absence of love leads to different tragedies in the black women; however, love can eventually be restored by the efforts of black women and the black community. It can be obviously seen that Morrison, as a writer who has exposed the absence of love in the black women in the novel Love, is also a psychoanalyst who provides a panacea for restoring it, that is to say, the union of the black community and the elimination of patriarchy. Through mutual communication, understanding and sympathy, love as the bond of the black people will be returned.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Runge, author = {Runge, Richard Friedrich}, title = {Strukturen einer >biophilen Ethik< bei Hans Jonas. Bachelorarbeit zur Erlangung des Bachelor of Arts an der Hochschule f{\"u}r Philosophie, Philosophische Fakult{\"a}t S.J., M{\"u}nchen 2012, 65 pp.}, language = {de} } @misc{Chen, author = {Chen, Chaoyan}, title = {The Escape and Pursuit of Freedom. >Play It As It Lays< Psychological Analysis [自由的逃避与追求 -《顺其自然》的心理学分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art] .}, abstract = {Joan Didion, entering the literary field in the1960's, has achieved great success in contemporary American Literature. Of Her works covers fiction with non-fiction and scriptwriting. Play It As it Lays depicts the social scenario and of America in the1960's and portrays especially the subsistent and psychological status of the female character Maria. It is for this reason that this novel becomes a symbol for the contemporary American society. This novel centers upon the process of Maria's psychological development, displaying the commonplace sense of people's insecurity and anxiety at that time, though they enjoy the abundant material pleasures. Living in the1960's, Maria takes on unconsciously all those features of that time, but only finds disappointment in the mechanism of how people think and behave. She feels more and more alienated and powerless in that world, which leads her to the midst of void.- In this thesis, the social-psychological theories by Erich Fromm are applied to analyze Maria's psychological development in the postmodern society. The theoretical framework, with >freedom< as its core conception, is intended to analyze the meaning of freedom to modern man as well as the reasons why people want to escape passive freedom and then point out the path to positive freedom. Maria's psychological status can be divided into two periods: the escape of passive freedom and the pursuit of positive freedom. Maria has experienced the disillusionment of the simulated Hollywood, wanting to escape the freedom that is gained through material pleasures and to pursue her individual freedom. The actions that Maria takes to escape the passive aspect of freedom almost end up with her self-destruction. For Maria, the three mechanisms of escape brought up by Fromm, namely, authoritarianism, destructiveness and automaton conformity, are all attempted by her unconsciously. However, by adopting these three escape mechanisms, Maria feels more isolated and anxious than ever. As a matter of fact, she doesn't want to perform as a part of this big machine called capitalism at the cost of losing herself. That's why she is defined by the society as a neurotic and ends up in neuropsychiatric hospital. Then Maria is on her way to freedom in a positive sense, which is realized through spontaneous love and work. The fact is that, in this novel, we only see the tendency and attempts of Maria's spontaneous activities as an individual self.- The spontaneity proposed by Fromm doesn't necessarily lead to any tangible results, but the willingness of individual to fully realize his true self. Through all the spontaneous activities mentioned above, Maria sets off on her way to freedom and salvation.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Cheng, author = {Cheng, Aiai}, title = {Fromm's Theory of Social Unconsciousness [述评弗洛姆的社会无意识理论], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2012.}, abstract = {Fromm is an important contemporary Western philosopher, psychologist and sociologist. His theory of social unconsciousness analyses deeply the nature, causes and operating mechanism of the social unconsciousness, and the way of revealing the social unconsciousness. In doing this it unveils the mystery of the social unconsciousness. It is of great significance for us to understand this theory. Fromm's theory of social unconsciousness is based on Freud's theory of individual unconsciousness and the Marxist doctrine of social existence and social consciousness. He treats Freud's theory of individual unconsciousness as an intermediate step of interaction between social existence and social consciousness according to the Marxist doctrine, thus complementing the Marxist theory. At the same time, He transforms Freud's theory of individual unconsciousness into the theory of social unconsciousness with the help of Marxist social theory. It is through this creative comprehension that Fromm creates his own theory of social unconsciousness.- Fromm gives a detailed explanation on those many issues involved in the theory of social unconsciousness. In his view, the social unconsciousness is same for most members of a society, repressing or unperceiving certain mental content. The core of the social unconsciousness is depression, the psychological roots of fear. It is the fear of certain objects that lead people to repress some inner experience. The operation of the social depression is carried out by three kinds of >social filter<, that is, of the language, logic, and social taboos, which depress certain mental contents into unconsciousness that can't go through the filters. However, the social repression itself will lead to the false social consciousness, and it is the social unconsciousness that represents the more complete humanity, so that only can the transformation of social unconsciousness into consciousness achieve the >common goal of human nature<.- Therefore, we must remove the depression. The specific method is to intuit unconsciousness through the emotional experience of individuals, as well as to criticize the >false consciousness< through the humanitarian social criticism. Only in this way can people become complete and free, and can the society become sound. Fromm's theory of social unconsciousness has some important theoretical contributions, for it enriches and integrates the doctrine of Marx and Freud, and provides reasonable argument for the social reforms and feasible recommendations to solve the problems of the contemporary social problems. But it also has some important theoretical defects, for Fromm's understanding of Marx is distorted and Freudianism, and it is unrealistic of his humanitarian standpoint, the presumption of >common goal of human nature<, and the doctrine of >psychological revolution<. Finally, Fromm's theory of social unconsciousness has important implications for contemporary Chinese society. It is revelation that we must unswervingly adhere to the road of Marxism in China, to social reform, and to the socialist spiritual civilization and socio-cultural construction. Only in this way can we truly build a harmonious society.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Fang, author = {Fang, Qi}, title = {A Social Psychological Study of Refugees from Freedom in >The Room< and >The Birthday Party< [《房间》和《生日聚会》中自由逃避者之社会心理学研究], Master thesis, Foreign Language and Literature, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Harold Pinter (1930-2008), the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005, has been the most influential modern British dramatist. With an accurate and affectionate ear for the irrationality of the real-life conversation, he produces plays which stand out in their own enigmatic style-puzzling, dramatic and charged with fascination. From the one-act play The Room to the full-length The Birthday Party, one single pattern predominates: Within a cocoon-like room, the ordinary people pursue their mundane life and are reluctant to go out, always talking in a way which is full of uncooperative responses, awkward silence and pauses, until one mysterious figure enters and eventually leads to the mental breakdown of the characters when their internal fear of freedom is fully projected externally. Based on the study of freedom by the American social psychologist Erich Fromm, this thesis applies social psychoanalysis to identify and understand the characters in The Room and The Birthday Party as freedom escapers. It views personal progress in the social context and aims to conduct a social psychological research on the principles, neurotic symptoms, and mechanisms of the freedom escapers.- The thesis first puts forward the research questions and objectives of the thesis and introduces Harold Pinter, his reception and related criticisms on his plays; and then Chapter One discusses the social psychological principles of the freedom escapers to elucidate freedom as a social psychological problem.- Chapter Two collects qualitative data from the two plays and conducts a social psychoanalysis of neurotic symptoms of the freedom escapers.- Chapter Three categorizes mechanisms adopted by the freedom escapers with detailed analysis from the perspective of social psychology.- Finally, the thesis concludes that it is under the social influence that the characters who are in the fear of isolation and powerlessness become freedom escapers but never find a way out. As an interdisciplinary study in nature, the task of conducting a social psychoanalytic literary research is thus completed.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Guo, author = {Guo, Wenchao}, title = {Women's Freedom Tortured by Existence - Interpretation of the Doctrine of >Summer Bird Cage< [生存对女性自由的拷问 - 对《夏日鸟笼》的人本主义解读], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {>A Summer Bird-Cage< (1963) is the virginal novel of Margaret Drabble (b. 1939), the famous contemporary woman writer in Britain. In the novel, Drabble creates two different characters, Sarah and Louise. Though they are sisters, they vary from one another in life value and pursuit. Through the description of their discrepancies, Drabble uncovers the contemporary British women's predicament. Actually, A Summer Bird-Cage undertakes to reveal the true state of contemporary women, whether the women >in the cage< or >outside of the cage<, cannot escape from alienation and loneliness. Previous scholars and critics have done some research on the theories of alienation, freedom and love, for example, the well-known American humanistic psychologist and philosopher in the 20th century, Erich Fromm has made a profound study on them. Furthermore, several scholars and critics make studies on literary works based on the Fromm's theories. As for A Summer Bird-Cage, there are also a lot of studies on it since its publication, though more to be followed in the future, just as what the thesis intends to do. Based on these studies and enlightened by Fromm's theories, the thesis takes A Summer Bird-Cage as the object of study, trying to analyze the contemporary women's predicament in this novel from the aspects of alienation, freedom and love.- In terms of alienation, Drabble shows a panorama of women's dilemma in the contemporary society in A Summer Bird-Cage, and she studies the various conflicts brought about by the materialized society in the course of industrialization, elaborating that the western modern society is suffering from alienation without love. It follows that alienation as a common phenomenon has spread over each corner of the contemporary society.- As far as freedom is concerned, through the common predicament of both married and unmarried women in A Summer Bird-Cage, it reveals that freedom is double-edged as well as marriage. As for freedom, women pursue it, but too much freedom may not contribute to their predicament. As for marriage, it is not only a >cage< with bondage, but also a >bay< for women to escape from freedom. Freedom or marriage seems like a double-edged sword, torturing women's existence at times. Thus, facing freedom, are women supposed to go after it or escape from it? They are at a loss.- As for love, it is the theme running through A Summer Bird- Cage. Fromm has made a profound study on love in contemporary society, and he makes a conclusion that people's alienation and fear of freedom originate from lacking of love. In the novel, both Sarah and Louise don't have the proper understanding of love. Moreover, they live a life without love. All these result in their predicament. Consequently, it may safely be concluded that, >Love is the answer to the problem of human existence< (Fromm 1956: 7). And love can be the satisfactory answer to the problem of human existence. While, as for the dilemma brought about by the modern civilization, Drabble fails to point out a way-out, and she lacks the courage to overthrow the alienated and male-dominated society.- However, the open ending of the novel also hints that Drabble may see a pin point light penetrating darkness and a ray of hope beyond despair. The greatness of Margaret Drabble lies in the fact that her works reflect women's social predicament vividly and truly. To a certain degree, Drabble's A Summer Bird-Cage provides with an access to the knowable community by depicting the women intellectuals' life in the contemporary society. Essentially, love is only regarded as a struggle for the women, particularly when their existence is threatened.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Leng, author = {Leng, Yandan}, title = {An Analysis of Zweig's Novels from the Perspective of Fromm's Theory [茨威格小说的弗洛姆式解读], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Zweig left us with many excellent works as a Jewish writer writing in German. His poetry, novels, plays and biographies have made impressive achievements in the Literature domain, especially his novel writing, which have a wide range of readers in the world. With an entry point of alienation, this paper, which takes Zweig's novels as the research object, is based on the novel texts as well as using Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis theories. The thesis is composed of four chapters: Chapter one includes a brief introduction of Zweig's life, the general plot summary of his novels as well as the critical responses to them home and abroad. At the same time, this part makes a general introduction to the theoretical system of Fromm's humanism. His humanistic theory mainly talks about three issues, namely, the theory of escaping from freedom, the theory of alienation and the love theory.- Chapter two applies Fromm's alienation theory to the description of Zweig's novel world. Alienation has pervaded every corner of his creation which is displayed in the following two aspects: people are alienated by the war; the relationship between work and the people is alienated. This chapter also analyzes the psychological causes of the alienation.- Chapter three applies Fromm's love theory to analyze the way advocated by Zweig to resist the alienation.- Chapter four, driven by alienation, the character in his work often leads to tragic ending. In Zweig's life, meanwhile, there is a trace of alienation. The personality factors of Zweig's early experience and his Jewish identity have caused the anxiety of his heart while creative activities provide balance for the anxiety. Here, by the application of Fromm's theory, the thesis gives an analysis to Zweig's loneliness and his need of freedom. And the analysis centers on his relationship with his mother during his childhood.- The final chapter is the part of conclusion. It summarizes the factors of Zweig's tragedy and maintains the importance and significance of a humanistic interpretation of his novels.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Xiaoyan}, title = {Split Behind the Dilemma. >Grass is Singing< Mary's Tragedy Analysis [《困境后的分裂 - 《野草在歌唱》中玛丽的悲剧分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {>The Grass Is Singing< is Doris Lessing's first novel taken Africa as background. It receives wide attention as soon as it is published for its vivid and overall description of colonial life. Through a meticulous depiction of Mary Turner's living background and personality development, Lessing presents us a clear view of the colonial life, thus revealing the brutal oppression of colonization and the living crisis of the white settlers. Under the guidance of Marx's dialectic view and Fromm's view about personality development, this thesis is proposed to analyze the essential reason behind Mary's living background (external cause) and her psychological growth and development (inner cause), thus achieving the conclusion: only when a person is developing in accordance with the society and the external world, can he achieve the balance and sanity between his personality development and the external world. Otherwise, he will suffer from the disaster of spirit chaos and split. The paper consists of three chapters.- Chapter one gives an introduction to the living environment of the heroine, Mary Turner and analyzes Mary's confused and frustrating situation under the pressure of impoverishment and racial discrimination.- Chapter two is proposed to reveal the inner cause of Mary's tragedy and conducts psychoanalysis on Mary based on her traumatic childhood, unhappy marital life and contradictory relationship with Moses thus pointing out that a false social character is the remote cause of Mary's twisted psychological development and spiritual split.- Chapter three focuses on the combined action of the indifferent social context and false self system. It deprives Mary's self-knowledge of pushes her to spiritual split and schizophrenia and final destroy.- The conclusion part proposes that human beings are the output of certain social system and ideology, thus only when individual psychological development goes accordant with the social circumstances he lives in without loss of self-knowledge can he achieve integrate personality development.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Biyan}, title = {To Have or to Be - >Song of Solomon< Black Way of Life, Master thesis [占有还是生存 - 对《所罗门之歌》中黑人生存方式的探讨], English Language and Literature, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Song of Solomon is the first African-American woman Nobel Prize laureate Morrison's representative novel. The Regard and wide Acclaim and catapults Morrison of its publication receives high into the ranks of the most revered contemporary writer The glamour of the novel, the author believes, lies most in Morrison's exploration of the mode of existence for contemporary African-Americans and even for contemporary mankind. As for this respect, few researches set foot in home and abroad and the research into the respect is attractive and worthy. The thesis thus studies the mode of existence in the novel. In >To Have or to Be<, Erich Fromm proposes his theory that people exist in one of two states: the having mode or the being mode. In the having mode, one is obsessive with material possession, acquisitiveness, power and aggression and such kind of existence yields evils such as greed, jealousy, and violence. In the being mode, one concentrates on sharing and engages in meaningful, creative, and productive activity as the mode is based on love. According to Fromm, the having mode would bring the world to the brink of psychological and ecological disaster and thereby he appeals people to live the being mode of life. The thesis combines Fromm's theory with the description of the state of life in the novel and aims at studying Morrison's thought on the option of the modes of existence. The thesis falls into three chapters.- The first chapter deals with the having mode of existence.- The second chapter handles with the being mode of existence.- The third chapter is mainly about the option between the two modes of existence. In all, the study on the mode of existence could not uncover the charm of the novel fully. But through the study, the life state and mode of African-Americans are fully revealed. Moreover, the study unveils Morrison's thought on African-Americans' future and destiny, that is, the having mode could distort blacks' life and soul and the best way for blacks is to live the being mode of life and treasure their cultural traditions and values; only in this way can African-Americans live better in America and find real happiness and meaning in their life.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Bo}, title = {Analysis of Fromm's Theory of Man [浅析弗洛姆人学思想], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Shanxi University, Taiyun, Shanxi, China 2012.}, abstract = {Current, worldwide, along with the continuous development of science and technology, man and nature, man and society, man and its contradiction is increasingly acerb, the problems on the existence and development of human threat, therefore, people gradually aroused the attention of scholars at home and abroad. Fromm as the main representative figures in the Frankfurt school, is a renowned psychologist in the west, is a rich person study thought by scholars, based on Fromm's theory of human comprehensive carding system, consists of three parts.- The first part of Fromm's human thought theory origin. Mainly to the Fromm made a brief introduction, elaborated Fromm person study thought is put forward in the background of the times and Fromm person study thought theory origin.- The second part of human nature as the core concept, from the four levels of carding Fromm person study thought. First of all, the contradiction of human nature as the logical starting point, by human nature and human existence, human nature and human survival needs, human nature and the relationship between free to interpret human nature; secondly, from the psychology angle to analysis the concept of alienation, alienation in the human interpretation of the unconscious and alienation in the modern west a variety of social performance, reveals the essence of capitalist alienation is the alienation of human nature; again, discusses the contemporary capitalist society people escape from freedom of roots and way; finally, in order to eliminate the alienation of human nature, to achieve the perfect society, Fromm proposed to psychological revolution social transformation scheme, namely in the >moral< on the foundation, at the same time to the community to carry out economic, political, cultural and other aspects of the change, the psychological revolution and social reform to combine, the all-round development of man.- The third part of the Fromm person study thought evaluation. In this chapter the finishing touch, explains Fromm person study thought the transcendence and its positive value; Fromm concerned the capitalist society people's survival condition, therefore, his thought has the necessity and feasibility, but he discusses the way to solve the problem are the subjective psychological experience, so his solution has a utopia; at the same time Fromm humanism is also desirable and the place that draw lessons from, in the transition period in China, how to pay attention to the problems in person, how to achieve the person's freedom, how to promote the construction of a harmonious society plays an important enlightening role.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Ling}, title = {Reflection and Inspiration - Fromm's Personality Theory [反思与启示 - 弗洛姆人格理论研究], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2012.}, abstract = {Fromm was a famous 20th-century Western psychologist, sociologist, philosopher, humanist, founder of [sociological] psychoanalysis. In the field of psychology, he is the representative of psychoanalytic school of culture and synthesizer; in philosophy, he is a Marxist Freudianism, well-known representative of the early Frankfurt School, one of founders of the new Freudianism. The study of his life is related to the commodity economy in a modern industrialized society survival problems and solutions; human survival has always been a cross-cutting ideas. As an important representative of the Frankfurt School, Fromm adheres to their school characteristics. By the absorption related to the theory of Marx and Freud at the same time try to turn the doctrine of the two should be integrated in order to create its new humanitarian ethics, said. Fromm concerned about the people, concerned about the plight of modern man to survive, their lives, their academic purpose for the modern man has always been to explore both from an individual alone can get a personalized path to independence, so that the modern effort to understand the self, the formation of a truly independent personality, lifting the shackles of suffering and attain true happiness. The main purpose of this article on Fromm's personality theory, research, analysis of this theory, the basic content and make their assessments. This paper first describes the home and abroad. In the study of personality for the study of this question have any meaning in our country.- Second, introducing the background of the formation of Fromm's theory of personality, including the growth of their special experience, background and life of the times the practice of psychoanalysis, focused on analyzing the formation of Fromm's theory, the theoretical basis of personality, personality theory with a view to Erich Fromm. The study provides historical and theoretical background.- Finally, the analysis of pros and contras of Fromm's theory of personality and its theory of the rational component of China's construction and development of revelation. At present, China is in a critical period of building a harmonious society, Fromm's personality theory can promote the overall development of China, for us to correctly handle the relationship between human development and economic and social development, to enable people to harmonious development of man and nature, man and society, and promote the transition period of personality and spiritual civilization are of great significance. [Author's translation]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Du, author = {Du, Haiwei}, title = {Analysis on the Thought of Fromm's >Escape from Freedom< [解析弗洛姆的>逃避自由<思想], Master thesis Foreign Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2012.}, abstract = {>Escape from the freedom< is the core of Fromm's academic system. The main content of >escape from the freedom< contains following five aspects.- At first, the psychological mechanism of escaping freedom forms in human history. As human get rid of natural bondage, our ability of using reason to control natural is stronger and stronger, the Degree, etc of our freedom seem to higher and higher. At the same time, individual's loneliness, anxiety and insecurity have been deepened. When human history came into the capitalist society, the contradiction reached incompatible limit, and society appeared the psychological tendency of escaping freedom and giving up themselves. Investigate the cause of phenomenon, because, in the whole course of human history, human only realize negative freedom of getting rid of external bondage, people want to escape negative freedom of full of internal contradiction, and realize positive freedom.- Secondly, the psychological mechanism of escaping freedom results in three escaping forms, namely the authoritarianism, desire of destruction and automatic adaptability. These forms are different ways, but giving up individual integrity is their common feature, people is trying to setup some new relationship between themselves and others or organization, so as to get rid of insufferable loneliness and insecurity. But because of the rational mature, human have already known that they are independent, so people only just take various ways to evade the problem but not really solve the problem.- Thirdly, the phenomenon of escaping freedom also has special social reason. As individuation and loneliness increase together, the inner contradiction of negative freedom gets the maximum in capitalist society, the reason is that aspects of social alienation produce, including economy, politics and culture etc. And, alienation of economic life leads to entrepreneurs, senior white-collar workers and workers become gears of a big economic machine; Democratic election is only a meaningless term. Voters are fooled dolls, and those candidates are also used tools by big corporations; In cultural life, no matter family education, school education or social education, we just know the official facts and knowledge according with some political ideology and social moral needs, we are molded into a kind of people, not the unique personal.- Fourthly, to eliminate alienation, realize positive freedom, we will work hard to achieve overall revolution in individual and society; as for individual, to learn to love and creative work. Inner qualities of loving contain giving, care, respect, understanding and responsibility, love is the psychological foundation to realize positive freedom. Creative work is to make the job itself into a demand. The realization of the positive freedom also needs social revolution to do guarantee. In short, social revolution is to establish a new democratic socialism country that people become important participants and managers of national economic life, guarantee the people's democratic rights, and make the people become the nation's true master, at the same time, attempt to establish the human harmony cultural system.- Finally, the >escape from the freedom< thought has important theoretical value. It reveals the essence of alienation, explores a new way of researching freedom and saves the individual's value. At the same time, it's able to help us to reflect on modern materialistic society life and improve our mental consciousness. But the theory also has some limitations, it don't see the fundamental economic cause of the phenomenon of >escape from freedom<, the method that he attempts to achieve positive freedom though changing individual's thought is worth weighing deliberately, and Fromm's some measures of changing social haven't feasibility.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Lue, author = {Lue, Qian}, title = {The Alienated Souls in Materialized World - Galsworthy's >Forsyte< Image Analysis [物化世界下的异化心灵 - 高尔斯华绥作品中的>福尔赛<形象分析], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {This article regards Go the works for solicitor solicitor. By John Galsworthy was, who is a celebrated British realistic writer, as the research subjects, analyzes his group image The Forsyte, and then emerges the realistic critical spirit in Galsworthy works. There is a group of special images in. Galsworthy was a series of three novels >Forsyte Saga< and his short stories >The Apple Tree<, >The first and the Last<, and >Garth Fossett off Hard<, these images are selfish, callous and mercenary, they are the Forsytes, who can be represented by Soames in >The Man of Property<.- First of all, this article organizes and analyzes the background of reality, the origins of theory, and the directions of consciousness when Galsworthy created such images, indicates that the social historical reality in Britain during the late19th and the early 20thcentury is the soil to cultivate the Forsytes, while the critical tradition of realism is the cultural foundation of Galsworthy's authoring. Building the images by taunt and satire, Galsworthy reveals his desire and pursuit for the genuine emotions, such as beauty and goodness, by a series of images who are opposite of the Forsytes.- Not only that, this article will use the theories by Erich Fromm, who is the representative figure of Frankfurt School, in order to analyze the values of money, affection and the character mechanism, and also to interpret Galsworthy's callous repudiation to alienated humanity in the reified capitalist society.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Wang, author = {Wang, Juan}, title = {The Essence of Love in >Thirst of Love< [论《爱的饥渴》中爱的真相], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2012.[application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {Love hungry Yukio Mishima in the second year after the published works of epoch >Mask of the confession<, Showa twenty-five years, another a novel. This novel broke free from the fetters of the social environment and the secular elements, is a reflection of human nature to focus on the personal inner works. The main content of the works for the hero from beginning to end in the pursuit of love, and eventually shift her love and with her love of the people implicated in the destruction. Hero Etsuko lack of moral and ethical concepts, her tireless search for love, even at the expense of the lives of others. Of Mishima Yukio popular for social ethical taken a negative attitude, he has been promoting a moral and ethical anti said. Hunger Mishima his unique moral ethics based on the novel creation into. Etsuko Isles >If you do not love someone, you must be in love with another person, If you love someone, then there must not love others< theory practice was very thorough. She accepted a civilized society, education, modern civilized man. But at the same time, she has continued to violate the secular moral ethics, and the pursuit of love and happiness they want. Ethical and loving relationships is constantly developing and changing, and it is extremely complex, Mishima create such a seemingly contradictory figures clearly its purpose. The three men depicted in the novel Etsuko relationship was set up in a different form and meaning of love. >Love< is the main theme of the novel, is to unite the feelings of the root causes of conflicts. Hunger >love< What is it, and why it has driven people the power to kill it. This paper will borrow Erich Fromm expounded the theory of love to explore the protagonist of >love< the true face of the date and murder reason. Papers constitute the main five sections, respectively, is the form of the >love<, >character's internal conflict<, >moral loss<, >love of truth< and >hunger lion<, this article will to explore the truth of this five-part love.- The first part of the paper >morphology of love< will mainly analyze the relationship between the heroine and three men discussed the survival of the state of the relationship between nature and Etsuko. - The second part of the character's internal conflict will be the hero, and the three men's relationship-based, and explore the contradictions between the hero's own internal contradictions and personal matter.- The third part of the >moral loss< morality as a hero of the lack of moral and ethical world exposition center.- The fourth part is to clarify the relationship of love and morality, and Etsuko love nature and love of truth.- The fifth part is the Comparative Study of Mishima another work >Lion< and >Love Hunger<, and further demonstrated the essence of the >hunger love<.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Wang, author = {Wang, Dandan}, title = {Research on the Ethics of Love of Erich Fromm [弗洛姆爱的伦理思想研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2012.}, abstract = {As a famous philosopher, sociologist and psychiatrist, Erich Fromm devoted his life to the research on human beings, or more accurately, on how to achieve happiness. In modern society, human beings are satisfied with the fast development of science, technology and growing abundance in material things. However, human beings have neglected their spiritual world. This imbalance will not lead to real happiness. The ethic of love in Fromm embodies deeper meaning in happiness and even higher right for personal development. Happiness, according to Fromm, can be achieved through personal endeavor and practice. It goes without saying that real happiness originates from love. This paper will have a summary of Fromm's ethics theory after a thorough reading and understanding of his relevant books.- We will attach more importance on deeper understanding of his books on related topics and hope to use this as the theoretical basis for this paper. Fromm's ethics of love includes the theory and the practice of love. The former serves as the kernel in guiding the practice of love which constitutes the connotation, elements, and object of love. The systematic and objective analysis will enrich and accumulate our knowledge of love, but also direct us to our inner feelings. For the practice of love, Fromm believes the best way is to practice in person. Everyone is unique, and thus has his unique way to practice love. The purpose of love is the same - boosting its development. There are all kinds of love in our life, such as love from parents, lovers or even our selves. The origin of Fromm's ethics on love must stem from his real life experience. Therefore, this paper aims to unfold a real Fromm and show a record of his emotional life which will provoke our reflections. Meanwhile, Fromm's ideological system provides not only the theoretical basis for love but also an effective way to practice love. Fromm's love ethics is a good remedy for reconstructing our spiritual world. In this world, love will help us stay away from loneliness and deception and contribute to establish a harmonious and complete entity.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yanmei}, title = {Out of the Fog of Consumption - Resolution on Consumer Alienation [走出消费的迷雾 -对消费异化的解析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China 2012.}, abstract = {消费是人类物质生产与再生产中的一个重要环节,也是人类生存与发展的首要条件之一,但在当代>异化<却侵入了消费领域,以符号消费、奢侈消费、盲目消费为代表的消费方式,正在把我们人类引向一种可怕境地,这不得不引起我们对消费方式的反思。本文通过对消费异化的概念、特征及危害的阐述,使我们了解到,消费异化实质是一种脱离了消费者的正常需要,与消费的本质相背离,控制或操纵消费者,且具有严重危害性的非正常消费方式。这种非正常消费方式给自然、社会以及人自身都带来了严重危害。本文通过运用马克思的异化劳动理论分别从资本、商品拜物教等不同角度揭示出了造成消费异化的根源。同时面对我国目前消费领域中出现的种种异化现象,结合西方马克思主义扬弃消费异化之路的思想,特别是弗洛姆的>人道化消费<思想和生态马克思主义学派的>构建新的社会主义<思想,力图寻求即与我国当前经济发展水平、生态环境水平和资源状况相适应,又与人们的精神需要相协调的和谐消费模式,以期为最终走出消费的迷雾寻求人类的精神家园作出有益的尝试。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Yehua}, title = {Review Fromm's >Marx's Concept of Man< [评弗洛姆的《马克思论人》], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012}, abstract = {人的问题是马克思一生关注的主题,马克思从自然、社会、实践的三维视角,全面系统的讨论人的问题,从而实现了人的理论的变革。马克思人的思想诞生以后,引起了中西方学者的高度关注,弗洛姆就是其中之一。面对20世纪社会上人的问题的种种困惑,弗洛姆选择了马克思,在《马克思论人》一书中,对马克思有关人的思想进行分析和解读,试图从中找出解决的方法。本文认为,弗洛姆对马克思人的论述在一定程度上丰富了马克思的思想,但也存在着一些误解和曲解。本文对弗洛姆《马克思论人》中的观点进行了具体评析,由以下四个部分组成:第一部分,主要介绍了弗洛姆解读马克思思想所处的社会历史背景及其理论来源。20世纪初,战争的动乱,资本主义社会的经济危机不断爆发,社会中出现了一系列的问题,如人的信仰缺失和社会化生活机械化的倾向是弗洛姆解读马克思理论提供了现实基础;就理论来源来说,主要是弗洛伊德的精神分析理论、马克思的>异化<理论以及历史唯物主义对弗洛姆所产生的影响。第二部分,总结和提炼了马克思有关人的思想,介绍了马克思的人的思想发展历程,归纳了马克思人的本质内涵,并对马克思人的思想的特点做总结。马克思人的思想是逐步发展、逐步深化的,是对前人思想批判和吸收的基础上形成的,黑格尔的>绝对精神<和费尔巴哈的>类本质<都对马克思产生过极大的影响;马克思从自然、实践、社会的三维视角,对人的问题作了一个全面的阐述,自然存在物的人是基础,实践存在是人发展的动力,社会实践是人本质表现;马克思的人的思想具有现实性、多重性、统一性和发展性的特点。第三部分,主要从四个角度介绍弗洛姆《马克思论人》中对马克思人的思想的理解。关于异化理论,弗洛姆认为马克思的异化意味着主体和客体的分离,包括人的劳动过程异化和劳动结果异化两方面,异化问题历来就有,在资本主义到达顶点,并认为马克思没有预见到异化的程度;关于社会主义,弗洛姆认为马克思的社会主义的目标是实现人的解放,是一种先知式的救世主义的土壤,是基督教理想和个人理想的结合;历史唯物主义方面,弗洛姆认为历史唯物主义超越了传统的唯物主义,是人道主义和自然主义的结合,人的历史由劳动创造,是与大自然进行斗争的历史;关于人的本性,弗洛姆认为马克思所说的本性就是《手稿》中的本质,劳动是人本质实现的方式,马克思对资本主义的批判不是针对经济,而是针对人性异化,其所要做的就是实现将人从异化中解放出来。第四部分,主要对弗洛姆的思想进行评析。弗洛姆认识到了人在历史中的地位,社会主义的目标是实现人的解放,并结合精神分析学去分析社会中人的问题,丰富和发展了马克思人的思想;但他忽视了历史唯物主义的基本矛盾,没有看到人的本性和人的本质的区别,片面的夸大了异化的适用范围,脱离了社会现实;弗洛姆的思想为我们解决生活中的过度消费、人心空虚等问题提供了新的视野。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Tingting}, title = {Research on the Needs Theory of Ideological and Political Education from an Interdisciplinary Perspective [跨学科视角的思想政治教育需求理论研究], Master thesis, Ideological and Political Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China 2012.}, abstract = {思想政治教育的复杂性使得思想政治教育跨学科研究成为重要方法。需求理论是哲学和社会心理学研究的重要课题之一。需求理论与思想政治教育具有内在一致性。本文在思想政治教育研究成果的基础上,尝试从跨学科的视角研究思想政治教育需求理论,分析其特质,总结跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理论的影响。全文分三大部分,分别为概述跨学科的需求理论,分析需求理论与思想政治教育的内在联系,用跨学科的需求理论提升思想政治教育观、拓展思想政治教育途径和完善思想政治教育方法。第一部分:跨学科需求理论的概述。这是本文立论的前提。本文主要借鉴的跨学科需求理论包括:马克思的需求理论、马斯洛的需求理论、奥尔德弗的需求理论、勒温的需求理论、弗洛伊德的需求理论、麦克利兰的需求理论、马尔库塞的需求理论和弗洛姆的需求理论。第二部分:思想政治教育需求理论的特质。这是本文立论的基础。需求是个人与社会发展之间永恒的主题,思想政治教育的研究对象正是人,所以需求理论与思想政治教育具有内在一致性。分析思想政治教育需求理论的特质,是为下一步研究跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理论的影响打下重要基础。本部分主要从思想政治教育需求理论的内涵、特征、功能以及对思想政治教育需求理论的反思四个方面进行分析。第三部分:跨学科需求理论对思想政治教育需求论的影响。这是本文的核心部分。本部分在前两部分的基础之上,运用跨学科的需求理论,加强思想政治教育的理论研究。本部分主要从跨学科的需求理论对思想政治教育需求理念的提升、需求途径的拓展和需求应用的完善等方面进行论述。本文主要采用文献分析法、逻辑分析法和对比分析法来进行研究。相比之前学者的研究,本文运用了更多西方学者关于需求的理论,并结合这些理论对思想政治教育需求理论进行全方面的分析}, language = {zh} } @misc{Jiang, author = {Jiang, Qian}, title = {An Analysis of Alienation in >The Bluest Eye< [对《最蓝的眼睛》的异化分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2012. [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {在当今文坛上,托妮•莫里森是一位极其出色的作家,也是在众多黑人女作家中获得诺贝尔文学奖的第一人。发表于1970年的《最蓝的眼睛》代表着她早期创作的开始。这部小说在展现那些失语的黑人女性的辛酸和苦苦挣扎方面具有极其震撼人心的影响力。在这部作品中,托妮•莫里森深刻地批判了美国的社会、政治、种族歧视和性别歧视。这部作品艺术特色鲜明,如结构新颖、多重叙事角度、象征、隐喻、对比等。这些写作艺术特色吸引着读者,引发读者想象和深思。同时小说与以往的黑人作家着重从政治和经济方面揭示黑人所遭受的歧视和压迫不同,莫里森把自己的注意力更多地投向黑人女性的内心世界。作为一个黑人女作家,托妮•莫里森自身的双重身份使她能走进黑人女性的内心最深处,进而能深刻而细腻地表现黑人女性因长期遭受种族主义和性别歧视的双重压迫而产生的辛酸、苦苦挣扎和扭曲的心理状态。正因为如此,世界上越来越多的人关注她的作品。本论文旨在分析导致异化的各方面的原因以及异化在小说中的表现。本论文共分为导论、正文和结论三大部分。第一部分是导论。主要介绍托妮•莫里森在当今文学史上的地位、主要作品、生活经历,《最蓝的眼睛》的国内外研究现状,本论文研究的方向、独特性及研究的重要意义。国内外以往的学者对于莫里森的研究往往是研究其作品的后殖民主义、女权主义、叙事技巧及艺术特色,但对她作品的异化分析涉及很少,因此本论文结合异化理论对作品进行分析有一定的现实意义。第二部分是正文,由三章组成。第一章着重介绍异化的理论研究、异化主题在西方现代文学中的呈现和莫里森的时代、生活经历以及她的异化主题的建立。本论文的异化主题是基于马克思的异化论、弗洛伊德的心理分析、弗洛姆的人性异化理论,并分析从古希腊到现代每一历史时期异化主题在西方文学中的呈现。本论文结合《最蓝的眼睛》创作时期所特有的历史环境、社会环境,和莫里森本人的生活阅历来论述异化主题的建立,从而说明对《最蓝的眼睛》的异化研究是有一定的理论和现实依据的。第二章具体分析导致异化的原因。《最蓝的眼睛》中的异化特征主要有以下四个原因,分别是:占主导地位的白人文化的影响、爱的缺失、学校教育的失败,以及自我认同感的缺失。黑人日常生活的周围弥漫着对白人文化优越性的宣传,在电视电影中有美丽的白人明星,在糖纸上做广告的是浅肤色的童星,甚至在学校的教材中也有对白人生活完美化的描述。黑人在潜移默化中被白人文化洗脑,渐渐丧失了自己的传统文化,丧失了自我认同感与自信。她们不再爱自己,也没有能力再爱别人,真正地成为与社会格格不入的隐形人。这四个方面原因的总结证明在工业化社会中,人类的异化是有其深层次的根源的,同时表现出在物质高度发展的社会中存在的人性扭曲和精神危机。异化的原因分析应唤起人们的全面发展意识,更加关注心理健康,防止人性异化。第三章探讨异化在该作品中呈现的特征。《最蓝的眼睛》中的异化特征共分为三个部分,分别是家庭成员间关系的异化(包括夫妻关系的异化和父母与子女关系的异化)、社会成员间关系的异化、以及人自我的异化。家庭不再是孩子幸福的港湾,夫妻之间不再互相爱戴,互相关心,取而代之的是漠然和相互鞭打;父母也不再是孩子的保护神,父亲给孩子带来肉体和精神的折磨,母亲对孩子的痛苦无能为力甚至是漠不关心。黑人不仅承受着白人社区带来的伤害,而且默默忍受着本社区同胞邻里之间的漠然和冷漠的态度。黑人是一个弱势群体,本应该坚持自我,互帮互助,齐心协力共同走出困境。然而,这些可怜的人们渐渐地失去自我,失去爱自己爱别人的能力。更糟糕的是,面对自己的处境和别人的无助,他们毫无作为,甚至相互欺凌,试图从弱者的痛苦中得到相对的满足。通过对这些异化特征的分析,现代人的生活困境及精神荒原一目了然。最后一部分是结论,这部分简要总结本论文的研究目的和研究意义。通过对异化的研究,本论文旨在揭示人的异化,展现人类精神世界的荒原。对于中国这个发展中的国家而言,在物质文明快速发展的同时,关注精神文明的建设也是至关重要的。笔者期在通过本论文当代人能在社会中找到自我,关注当代人的精神危机,防止异化。人们只有不再异化,人际关系才能和谐,才能构建社会主义和谐社会。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Tian, author = {Tian, Yanmei}, title = {An Inquiry into Fromm's Human Thought [弗洛姆人学思想探析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2012.}, abstract = {在提倡>以人为本<的今天,人学理论得到了越来越多人的关注。弗洛姆作为人道主义精神分析学派的创始人,二十世纪最有影响力的学者之一,在国内外享有盛誉。其有关人及人性等人学的思想理论更是因其独特的研究视角和魅力,在人学理论界长盛不衰。本文主要围绕弗洛姆人学思想的来源、弗洛姆人学思想的内容以及弗洛姆思想在理论和现实方面的研究意义三个方面进行论述,力求从总体上将弗洛姆的人学思想呈现出来,以期达到人们对弗洛姆人学理论更全面、更深层次的理解,辩证分析其思想的理论价值和不足之处,进而带给人们更有启示性的思考。第一部分:主要论述了弗洛姆人学思想的理论来源。弗洛姆思想是建立在对马克思和弗洛伊德思想批判和继承的基础之上的。因此,在时代的影响下,弗洛姆一方面吸取了弗洛伊德的思想,另一方面又深受马克思主义思想的吸引。他试图将弗洛伊德的心理分析学说与马克思的社会批判理论进行结合,而弗洛伊德理论与马克思理论在思想基础和研究方法上的共同性使得弗洛姆将二者思想进行综合成为了可能。第二部分:主要论述了弗洛姆人学思想的主要内容。作为一位社会哲学家,人一直是弗洛姆关注和研究的中心问题,也是其人学思想赖以建立的重要前提。弗洛姆以独特的视角对人以及人性进行了深入剖析,并提出了他的多层次的总体人性论思想;西方资本主义社会普遍的精神危机和社会危机暴露了资本主义社会的内部矛盾。弗洛姆以犀利的眼光对资本主义社会进行审视,揭露了资本主义社会痼疾的根源在于异化。为寻求西方社会的出路,弗洛姆提出了全面消除人的异化,实现人的全面发展的人道主义社会的构想;弗洛姆关注人的心灵活动在社会生产和生活中的重要作用,对人的心理活动作了深入探索,将弗洛伊德的个体心理分析理论与马克思的社会批判理论相结合,提出了新的社会心理学的范畴:社会性格、社会无意识、社会自恋等,并将其运用到对资本主义社会现实的分析中,是心理学上的重要创见。第三部分:主要论述了弗洛姆人学思想的意义。弗洛姆注意从生理、心理、历史等多角度对人性进行分析,建立了他的多层次的总体人性论思想。但他未真正从社会生产方式、社会关系的角度对人性进行深入剖析,未能摆脱抽象人性论的束缚;弗洛姆以人性论为基础,揭示了资本主义社会的异化根源,并提出了建立人道主义社会的构想。但由于对阶级性的忽视,对宏观革命的忽视,这种构想只能是一种人道主义的乌托邦;弗洛姆注重心理因素在社会生产中的作用,但由于对马克思主义实践观的缺失,仅从社会心理层面对人性及人的生存方式进行分析,从某种程度来讲是片面的、不科学的。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Guan, author = {Guan, Jian}, title = {The Study of the Western Marxist Theories of Alienation [西方马克思主义异化理论研究], PhD thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China 2012.}, abstract = {理论的生命力深深地扎根于现实的土壤中,异化理论之所以倍受关注,是因为现代人仍未摆脱异化的生存境况。在资本主义社会中,异化所达到的程度远远超出马克思在自由资本主义时代描绘的异化劳动的范围,生活在当代资本主义条件下的人,经常处于剥削、失业、破产、危机和战争的威胁之中,感受着孤独、疏远、恐惧、绝望和多种焦虑心理的折磨,异化已经成为令人忧虑且十分普遍的社会现象。因此,正视当今社会存在的异化问题,比较西方马克思主义的异化研究与马克思的劳动异化理论之不同,探索克服异化的途径和方法,不仅可以丰富马克思的异化理论,而且可以赋予异化理论以新的时代内容。论文主要采用历史分析和逻辑分析相结合的方法和比较法。首先通过对西方马克思主义异化理论的历史考察,对其思想内容及其历史地位作出说明,揭示西方马克思主义异化理论在不同时期的继承性和差异性,突出其思想的系统性和逻辑性;其次,通过比较西方马克思主义异化理论与马克思异化理论的共同点和区别,详细分析当今西方发达国家与资本主义发展初期异化的不同表现。论文主要研究了以下几方面的内容:首先,考察西方马克思主义异化理论的思想渊源。包括霍布斯、卢梭、费希特、黑格尔、费尔巴哈的异化理论,重点分析马克思的异化理论。其次,概括西方马克思主义异化理论的发展脉络。包括早期西方马克思主义代表人物卢卡奇的异化理论、法兰克福学派霍克海默的理性异化观、马尔库塞的总体异化理论、弗洛姆的人的异化理论、哈贝马斯的交往异化理论、芬伯格的技术异化理论,还有存在主义萨特和列斐伏尔的异化理论及生态学马克思主义的代表人物阿格尔、莱易斯、奥康纳的异化理论,进而形成系统的、全面的西方马克思主义的异化理论。再次,依据上述理论观点,探讨当今社会异化的各种形式及相关内容,重点研究异化的本质、产生根源、主要表现、严重后果及消除异化的基本途径,特别是分析技术异化、交往异化、日常生活异化、消费异化、文化异化等各种异化产生的时代背景及它们之间错综复杂的关系,分析诸种异化造成的人的生存困境,探索人类社会发展与异化的关系,探究克服异化的方式。最后,分析西方马克思主义异化理论的成绩和局限。探索西方马克思主义异化理论对马克思异化理论的丰富与发展、比较马克思异化理论与西方马克思主义异化理论的不同,指出西方马克思主义异化理论的片面性与乌托邦性。与马克思所生活的时代相比,生产异化已不是最主要的异化,消费异化成为今天异化的主要内容,与此同时,科技异化和交往异化也是不可忽视的,这些在当今西方发达国家出现的异化现象值得我们反思和借鉴,西方马克思主义异化理论对我国现代化进程具有重要的启示。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Hu, author = {Hu, Jingjing}, title = {The Psychological and Aesthetic Significance of Abuse and Masochism [虐待与受虐的心理学美学意义], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Peking University, Beijing, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {埃利希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm:1900-1980)是二十世纪享有盛名的精神分析学家、社会学家,他的许多理论观点发人深省。在他的理论著作《逃避自由》、《健全的社会》等作品中,他给出了这样一种观点:人类社会的发展历程,是各式各样的对自由的逃避,这种种的逃避自由方式,可以叫做对他人的施虐或者受虐的过程。奴隶社会,奴隶与奴隶主之间的关系是互相依赖,他们借助彼此去逃避自由,去获得权力感或放弃自我获得与他人合为一体之感;中世纪的人匍匐在神的脚下,使自己变成神的附属品,交出自己的自由,获得安全感;宗教改革时期,人从出生到死亡都生活在一个被安排好了的环境中,生来注定了职业和地位,因此人也获得了安全感。然而在现代社会,人转而崇拜金钱、权力、名利,把自己交出去,放弃自由换回依赖。施虐与受虐的理论在分析人类社会发展过程上,也许有着偏颇之处,但它依然有着自己的价值。施虐与受虐理论在对>爱<的分析中,有着发人深省的地方。弗洛姆谈到男女之间的爱情,有些是施虐/爱虐式的,这样的爱情,用弗洛姆的理论来看,并不是真正的爱,而是对内心孤独的逃避;父母对子女的爱中也存在这样的误区,父母可能打着爱的名义完全剥夺了子女的自由,这样的爱可以归结为虐待欲——对别人的控制欲。此外,施虐和受虐理论去分析文学艺术作品,也为我们理解文艺作品打开了一扇新的窗口。因此,施虐和受虐理论有着它的实践和理论意义}, language = {zh} } @misc{Sun, author = {Sun, Wenyun}, title = {The Aesthetic Look of Death [对死亡的美学注视], Master thesis, Literary Theory, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2012. [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {死亡的美可以分为死亡本身特征的美和面向死亡的生命之美。本文从死亡与美的关系入手,概括中西方从古至今对死亡本质的认识,发现死亡具有超验性,在未体验过死亡之前很难探讨死亡。但正如海德格尔所说,每个活着的人都无法逃避死亡,文章从宗教、哲学、伦理等角度分析他们各自对死亡的阐释。发现宗教,伦理角度将死亡问题转化为死亡的结果,或者死亡的价值问题,从某种意义上回避了对死亡本质的解释。理性主义者在使用线性真理试图解释死亡时却自身陷入了绝对、极限也是封闭的矛盾。美学通过对死亡全过程的注视和模拟,从某种意义上使死亡得到了纾缓,将>不可逆转的时间<转化为>不可改变的时间<,在整个文化系统层面上将死亡转变成生命。因此,美学能够对死亡起到必不可少的作用。前人对死亡美的研究实质上多是研究面向死亡的生命之美,因为关涉死亡的艺术文本中痛苦、激情等主要还是强调人的精神自由,如浪漫主义、荒诞派等。哥特艺术排斥一切人的主观情感,执念于死亡的过程,精神上有封闭性、物化、范式等特征,同时在形式上有一定的美学价值。因此,将后者归为死亡本身的美,而前者作为面向死亡所激发的生命之美。死亡本身的美一章中,围绕>谦卑<、>执念<、>范式<几个美学特征来阐释,并以弗罗姆等人的心理分析为参照,说明这种美因软弱以及追求极致造成,并分析它与自卑、典型等概念的些微联系。在客观承认其局限美的前提下,指出其>物化<自身的危险。面向死亡的生命之美从生存论角度以人的情感线索展开,从最初意识到死亡之>惊<,到>痛苦<,然后对痛苦有些人会>沉论<,另一部分是行动,行动中又分为出声的呐喊、>反抗<,和内在反思的>沉默<。文章将中西方文学史中的不同形象、事件按照此情感类型划分,并且区分每种情感类型的内在心理机制,试图表现各个阶段中人的生命与死亡间的巨大张力。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Saavedra, author = {Saavedra, Pablo Francisco Javier}, title = {Hacia una pedagog{\´i}a de la autenticidad: Estudio de caso sobre la experiencia de un alumno de ense{\~n}anza media, Bacchelor thesis, Departimento de Filosof{\´i}a, Facultad de Filosof{\´i}a y Humanidades, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile 2012.}, language = {es} } @misc{Xiang, author = {Xiang, Hua}, title = {The Frankfurt School's Idea of the >Free and Comprehensive Development of the Human Person< and Its Contemporary Revelations [法兰克福学派>人的自由全面发展<思想及其当代启示], Master thesis, Scientific Socialism and the International Communist Movement, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China 2012.}, abstract = {人的自由全面发展,既是马克思主义学说的最高理论价值,又是人类社会发展要求解决的终极问题。人类社会的政治、经济和文化发展都取决于人在当时的社会条件下所取得的自身解放程度。从亚里士多德到马克思,从马克思到最年轻的理论学者,人类社会的每一个聪慧的头脑,都怀抱着这样一种伟大的人本主义情怀来对人类自己的生命形式和存在价值这一问题进行着理论和实践的求索。作为西方马克思主义的思想重镇,法兰克福学派构建了一个开阔而恢弘的社会批判理论大厦。霍克海默和阿多诺以批判理论和否定的辩证法为维度,构建了整个法兰克福学派的社会批判理论大框架;马尔库塞和弗洛姆从人类的内心机制出发,深度的剖析了在晚期资本主义社会人所遭致的更加深刻的异化和宰治;哈贝马斯更是高屋建瓴地对整个学派的批判理论进行了反思,进而提出了以交往取代劳动、重建历史唯物主义的思想理论。从文本研究中可以得知,贯穿于这些理论之中的一条红线,正是这一学派学者们对人的自由全面发展的孜孜不倦的追求以及他们自身博大的人本主义情怀。作为一种激进的批判理论本身,法兰克福学派的思想家们一方面希图构建起对现代社会生活的全面批判,另一方面也按照马克思主义辩证法的方法论要求不断反省着自己的批判理论本身。这种对批判理论本身的批判和反思不仅立场鲜明的表明了法兰克福学者们对马克思主义真理性认识的努力捍卫与天才发展,同时这种自我批判与反思使得该学派的理论充满了张力,在某种意义上也赋予了法兰克福学派一个马克思主义标签。中国的社会主义建设和发展已经进入了一个新的历史时期,科学发展观的提出标志着中国的政治方向发生了一些转移,即在强调经济成就的同时更加注意以人为本,各种民生问题的提出,各种保障政策的实行,都是为了真正实现人的自由和权利,为人的全面发展提供更加广阔的空间。在未来的社会发展中,我们所要面临和处理的问题还很多,如何能更好的实现人的自由全面发展,是我们当前进行社会主义建设所要解决的重大问题。认真学习法兰克福学派的关于人的自由全面发展这一思想,对于我们理解马克思主义本真、揭示资本主义的弊端、矫正中国现实社会中的各种失误、指导今后的社会发展等各个方面都具 有重要的理论意义和实践意义。}, language = {zh} } @misc{YangKang, author = {Yang Kang, Yuxin}, title = {Marx's Theory of Alienation and Its Practical Significance [马克思的异化理论及其现实意义], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2012.}, abstract = {异化作为标志人的生存状态的重要哲学范畴,一直是哲学家们关注和争论的焦点。异化理论是马克思理论的重要内容之一,他是在吸收前人思想的基础之上,创造性地提出了自己的异化理论。本文主要通过重新审视马克思的异化理论,探讨它的理论来源和形成阶段,重点分析了马克思的异化劳动理论,并且选取了西方马克思主义的几个典型代表人物:马尔库塞、卢卡奇、列斐伏尔、弗洛姆,对他们有关异化思想予以介绍。以此为理论基础,来分析现代人在人与物之间,人与人之间以其人与自然之间的异化表现,并且进一步分析了当代中国在经济、政治和文化领域内所存在的一些异化现象,探讨了这些现象存在的必然性和历史性。最后,在此基础上,探讨马克思异化理论的现实意义,即对人的全面发展的导向作用和对社会主义和谐社会构建的促进作用,从而彰显马克思异化理论的时代意义。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Yang, author = {Yang, Zhiping}, title = {The Exploration of Liberation Theory of Freudian Marxism - Centered on Marcuse [>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<>解放<理论探析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2012.}, abstract = {作为西方马克思主义的主要流派之一,>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<是于20世纪二三十年代出现并于五六十年代得以发展。这一理论思想是声称要把马克思主义与弗洛伊德的精神分析学说>综合<起来,而实际是一种用精神分析学>改铸<马克思主义的非马克思主义思潮。任何一种成熟的社会理论都必然关注人的解放问题,并把解放作为自己理论的历史使命。准确把握一个特定的社会理论或者社会思潮的>解放<理论,自然也就成为一种最有益的尝试。因此,本文主要是以马尔库塞为中心,系统地梳理>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<的解放理论,全文共分为四个部分:第一部分为引言。简单介绍本文选题研究的理论意义和现实意义,当前理论界对该选题的的研究现状,并简要阐述>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<的理论渊源及其基本观点,进而勾勒出笔者研究的基本逻辑思路。第二部分主要考察>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<>解放<理论的基本语境。本章以赖希、弗洛姆为线索人物,引出弗洛伊德的早期意识与无意识理论与马克思主义的社会结构理论综合在一起,得出了社会无意识概念的理论轨迹。在此基础上,以>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<这一思想体系中最具代表性的人物马尔库塞为中心,以他的《爱欲与文明》一书为主线,对马尔库塞解放理论形成的个人经历、社会背景,以及其理论渊源作系统阐释。>弗洛伊德主义<与马克思早期的>人本主义学说<相结合,构建了一种对于>现代工业社会<的新的批判理论,并进一步论述了>现代工业社会<对于人的>爱欲<的>压抑<,并提出了>人的解放<本质上是>爱欲<的解放的理论观点。同时马尔库塞的这一>解放<概念还包含着对于实现人的解放和社会解放的>新道路<的探索。他通过揭示>爱欲<解放的依据并实际地把人摆脱>压抑<和扬弃>异化<而发挥>潜能<实现>爱欲<的过程看作了人的解放过程。第三部分主要是对马尔库塞解放理论的核心内容进行梳理。首先考察马尔库塞对当代资本主义社会的批判确立其解放的依据,马尔库塞认为,由于资本主义社会的>额外压抑<,人类要想获得解放就必须实现>爱欲<解放。其次,马尔库塞认为要想消除各种导致人们>额外压抑<的异化,从本能上释放自由,就必须赋予一种革命主体,马尔库塞在寻求革命主体的时候则经历了无产阶级—新左派—艺术家这一过程。最后,由于马尔库塞对解放的目标与革命的动因与主体都做出了新的解释,因而,马尔库塞对解放的路径也提出了新的看法,马尔库塞从经济、政治、文化、意识形态、艺术等各个方面出发,提出了社会主义革命道路应该选择>第三条道路<,即非暴力的反抗,也就是进行>伟大的拒绝<。第四部分立足于马克思解放理论对马尔库塞>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<解放理论进行评论。首先,本文认为这一解放理论有两个显著的特点:一是对当代资本主义的批判与透视,二是对所尝试>西方思潮<与>马克思主义<进行的结合有一定的帮助和启示。其次,在马克思主义看来,马尔库塞>弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义<的解放理论带有显著的局限性,表现在:其哲学根基有着根本差异、>解放<理论的现实路径上也大异其趣。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Wu, author = {Wu, Qiong}, title = {A Study on the Theory of Western Marxism Alienation Consumption [西方马克思主义异化消费理论研究], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 2012.}, abstract = {1929年西方发达资本主义国家爆发的经济危机引发了一个崭新的时代——消费时代,随之而来的一系列问题引起了刚刚兴起的西方马克思主义理论家的关注。三十年代,法兰克福学派理论家的著作中隐约可见相关论述,而西方马克思主义异化消费理论的真正形成在四十年代末,五十年代初。有突出贡献的理论家为法国>日常生活批判理论巨擘<列斐伏尔;致力于将马克思主义与弗洛伊德>精神分析学<相结合的法兰克福学派理论家马尔库塞和弗洛姆。他们认为>消费不再是为了满足人类的基本生存需要,而是人们为补偿自己异化的劳动而致力获得商品的一种欲望满足,并且为统治者所操纵、控制。<他们无疑在资本主义变化发展的新形势下对马克思异化理论的继承与创新做出了巨大贡献,但在克服异化消费的基本路径上全然不同,也不无遗憾地体现出了乌托邦的幻想和理论的悲观主义、主观主义倾向。他们预言:社会主义并非是异化现象的终结。这为迅速发展中的中国敲响了警钟。我们是否要重蹈覆辙,走资本主义发展的老路,陷入异化消费的陷阱?本文予以了否定回答。全文由三部分构成:第一部分主要从词源学角度探源>异化<概念的发展演变过程:从社会契约论中>转让、让渡<之意到黑格尔的精神异化,直至马克思>生产异化<的诞生。第二部分以马克思主义理论为指导,立足西方马克思主义批判传统,探究列斐伏尔、马尔库塞及弗洛姆这三位理论家在同一时代背景下,对异化消费理论基本内容的阐述和对当代发展、影响的异同。在第三部分中对西方马克思主义异化消费的批判传统进行正反两方面的评析,分析当代中国社会主义市场经济中的消费现状,探索构建健康、文明、可持续的消费模式,实现社会主义和谐社会的宏伟目标。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Feng, author = {Feng, Zhaoxiang}, title = {Study on Humanist Alienation Theory of Fromm [弗洛姆人性异化思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 2012.}, abstract = {埃利希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980),出生在徳国后来移居到美国,是著名的哲学家、精神分析学家、社会学家,他是西方马克思主义者和法兰克福学派人物。弗洛姆综合了弗洛伊德心理学和马克思主义的社会学,在历史观的理论方法和思想观点的基础上,提出了异化思想。它把弗洛伊德的精神分析学中的个体心理学转变为社会心理学,继承了马克思异化理论思想的社会批判但它注重的是心理的异化理论批判,没有对资本主义这个根源制度进行彻底变革。他的异化理论不具有马克思社会革命理论的彻底性。但弗洛姆的异化理论从心理学这个角度提出却对马克思异化理论研究起到了补充与丰富作用。弗洛姆认为,20世纪现代工业社会的机器大工业的异化与马克思手工业时代的异化有了重大分别。马克思所处的历史时代社会主要矛盾是手工业制造,主要异化现象是劳动对象化,即,劳动产品对象化,也就是说:劳动成果被资本家占有。而20世纪现代工业社会主要矛盾是机械大工业的发展,人没有了创造性,人变成了客体,成了机器的附属品,这时人们心理在各个领域上如生产、生活及人的精神方面出现了异化现象,因此弗洛姆这个时代主要异化现象是心理异化。由此可以看出弗洛姆对人性异化理论研究是对当代西方资本主义后期现状的深切关注,尤其关注西方社会文化生活中的各种现实问题、矛盾危机,并从人类生存的角度出发对资本主义社会进行了批判。提出通过心理净化、爱的教育来建立一种心理健全、没有冲突互敬互爱的人道主义社会。这些对于我们重新去认识人和资本主义社会和我国建设社会主义和谐社会具有一定的现实意义。通过认真梳理弗洛姆的异化思想,本文从心理学和社会学角度提出了弗洛姆的异化理论核心是人性异化,为此,本文将以弗洛姆各个时期的异化理论著作代表作为研究对象,并按照分析现象--解读根源—解析扬弃的步骤,对弗洛姆的人性异化思想进行全面分析解读。即,首先从人性异化的现实领域和人的病态症候来分析弗洛姆的人性异化现象,进而解读弗洛姆的人性异化根源,解析弗洛姆的人性异化扬弃,最后对弗洛姆人性异化思想的贡献与局限性做出评价,并对本文的研究做出展望,提出本论文的理论意义和现实意义。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Ning, author = {Ning, Xin}, title = {Research on Fromm's Freedom Thoughts [弗洛姆自由思想研究], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Heilongjiang Academy of Social Sciences, Harbin, China 2012.}, abstract = {[西方人本主义马克思主义是当今哲学界研究的热点和重点。重要流派之一的法兰克福学派,无论从团体人数上,还是成员学术成就的广度和深度上来看,都是20世纪最大的马克思主义流派。埃里希•弗洛姆作为法兰克福学派的重要代表人物,从性格结构和心理机制的视角批判的分析现代人的自由困境,丰富和发展了马克思人本主义思想的同时,也为我们全面深刻的理解20世纪人类文化精神的演进提供了典型的范例。弗洛姆人本主义自由思想对西方资本主义社会中人的生活方式进行了心理机制分析,对我们理解20世纪人的精神状况具有总要意义。弗洛姆自由思想是建立在马克思异化理论的基础之上,是对马克思人本主义思想的丰富与发展。他秉持重生存轻占有的生存观,积极自由的生活方式,对于正处于社会壮行时期的中国提供了范本,具有中重要的借鉴意义。本论文主要由五个部分构成。第一部分是绪言。主要介绍论文的研究目的与研究意义、相关研究文献综述、研究思路与研究方法,论文的主要内容和逻辑结构。第二部分是弗洛姆自由思想的基本观点。从积极自由和消极自由区分入手、深入分析受虐性格和施虐性格两种不同的心理机制,指出了现代对科技自由与占有自由的幻想,进一步提出弗洛姆重生存和重占有两种价值取向。第三部分是比较研究的角度看弗洛姆自由思想与马克思异化理论的关系。以异化与摆脱异化的理论为主线来探讨弗洛姆思想对马克思理论的继承与发展。第四部分是对弗洛姆自由思想的探析。深入阐述了重生存和重占有两种生活模式。从价值取向、消费模式、生存方式三个角度评析弗洛姆自由思想的当代价值。第五部分是理论与现实的融通、构建。结合弗洛姆自由理论,从建立重生存的精神变革到社会变革以及术来的发展,讨论现代人自由实现的可能性。弗洛姆自由思想与我们党的新一届领导集体提出贯彻和落实科学发展观都是为了实现人的全面发展,弗洛姆的自由思想对现代人性格机制的深刻分析,为我国精神文明建设提供了有价值的范本。本文从弗洛姆自由思想的内涵和外延入手,阐析其逃避自由理论的内在逻辑。以精神文化批判的视角揭示现代人的生存困境,反思现代人逃避自由的深层心理机制和生存现状;结合当今历史处境思考人本马克思主义批判理论的价值以及现代人积极自由之实现途径。本文的创新之处立足于现代人的生存现状,以弗洛姆的自由思想的内在逻辑现代人逃避自由的角度作为阐释视角,探讨人本马克思主义的当代意义和时代价值:系统整理弗洛姆自由思想的理论逻辑、基本观点和基本方法;从自由的范畴入手对法兰克福学派的评判理论进行分析与解构,从而明晰现代人精神世界的的批判与构建。弗洛姆本人的著作很多,但相关相关研究资料有限,大多数专著的内容重复现状居多,在资料收集上存在一定的难度。本文从现有资料出发对弗洛姆自由思想进行全新的梳理,在文章内容的充实上还有待进一步的完善。]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Sang, author = {Sang, Xiaoyan}, title = {A Study of >The Human Stain< from the Perspective of Fromm's Humanistic Theory (2012)[用弗洛姆人本主义解读《人性的污秽》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {The Human Stain is the contribution of the contemporary American writer the Philip Roth in 2000 which completes his splendid trilogy that begins with American Pastoral (1997) and I married a Communist (1998). It is an exquisite and profound novel, which tells the tragic story of a college professor Coleman Silk, a black man who pretends to be white so as to pursue a better life development. The novel is well accepted and is awarded PEN / Faulkner Award in 2001. It is also adapted into a film of the same name in 2003 starring Anthony Hopkins and Nicole Kidman. Critics and scholars abroad and at home have studied The Human Stain from various perspectives, such as theme analysis, cultural criticism, intertextual study, writing techniques and so on, but few have studied this novel from the perspective of man's living situations. The novel is set at Athena College, which in fact is the miniature of American society. People who live in this environment encounter with various living predicaments, which expresses Roth's concern with the living situations of human being. The thesis attempts to analyze The Human Stain from the perspective of Erich Fromm's humanistic theory. It aims to analyze the wretched living situations of the main characters in this novel, explore the causes for their living plights and search the salvations of modern man. The paper falls into three sections apart from introduction and conclusion.- Introduction gives a general introduction to Philip Roth and his literary accomplishments, The Human Stain, literature review and the significance of this thesis.- Then, Fromm's humanistic theory is presented in brief. According to Fromm, the living situation of human being is a unique matter in nature. He takes human nature as the starting point of his humanism. With the rapid development of capitalism, escape from freedom and alienation become the typical living predicaments of modern people. Moreover, only through creative love can man find a way out of the predicaments.- Chapter One provides a detailed analysis for the wretched living situations of the main characters in this novel, namely escape from freedom and alienation, which are very typical. The freedom they pursue is negative freedom, which means to gain freedom only by getting rid of external bondage without a correct life orientation. The accompanying pressure and burden bring them lots of sufferings. Their life turns out to be perfect and prosperous on the surface, but to the core, it is oppressing. They have to suffer from mental alienation.- Chapter Two comes up with the causes for the paradoxical living situations from social and personal aspects. Man is social animal and cannot exist without the social environment. In this novel, racial discrimination, political correctness, persecuting spirit and the impact of the Vietnam War deepen the degree of man's predicaments. At the same time, various conflicts come into being due to the common living situation of human being, which lead to different psychological needs of people. People would suffer a lot if their basic needs are not satisfied or are satisfied through wrong way.- Chapter Three discusses the salvations of the main characters. According to Roth, death is a thorough and ultimate salvation for the main characters in this novel because it simplifies everything, purifies everything, and is also a form of self-transcendence. Coleman Silk and Faunia Farley end their lives in flowing river, which shows Roth's hope on purification of life. At the same time, a harmonious relationship between man and nature help people gain mental salvation. Lester Farley obtains inner peace in nature. Besides, love is the final salvation for modern people's mental crisis.- In the conclusion part, a summary is made based on the above analysis. The Human Stain expresses Roth's ultimate concern over human nature and the destiny of human beings. He insists on moral values in an age of materialism and has faith in salvations of modern man. The humanistic ideas in this novel heighten Roth's thoughts on human nature and are instructive to modern people. [Author's translation]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Ren, author = {Ren, Huan}, title = {An Analysis of Alienation in >The New York Trilogy< [《纽约三部曲》中的异化主题分析], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Paul Auster (b. 1947) is one of the most innovative American contemporary writers. His acute insight into the crisis of the American postmodern society and meditation of its quests endow him rare philosophical depth, for which he is praised as one of the most intellectually stimulating fiction writers in America. The thesis takes The New York Trilogy (City of Glass, Ghosts and The Locked Room) as the study object, discussing how the work, with a series of watchmen as symbols, profoundly depicts the New York City and its people's alienated life, solitary, lost and hopeless, after the 1950s. Adopting American contemporary psychoanalyst and philosopher Erich Fromm's related alienation theory, the thesis analyzes the estrangement in the trilogy between man and society and between man and man. There are four chapters.- Chapter 1 introduces Paul Auster and his novel The New York Trilogy, followed by literary review of this trilogy and theoretical basis and structure of this thesis.- Chapter Two explores three manifestations of social space, production and consumption to illustrate social alienation all-pervasive. Alienation in social space at first takes outside and inside spaces such as city, room, door and widow, to penetrate modern people's isolation and solitude, then using Fromm's theory of one of people's basic needs relatedness to observe people's sadist and masochist alienation; next part of alienation involves production which is human being's distorted productivity, the life force Fromm calls, such as the abuse of government function, degradation and disability of people's detection and writer's creation; the third are two kinds of alienated consumption: one destructive compensatory consumption and the other passive consumption. In City of Glass Quinn intents to confirm his identity and existence by indulging himself into compensational consumptive writing, but the failure leaves him only sense of hollow and loss. The passive consumption embodies in people's leisure activity such as Quinn's walking without any active pleasure. While walking Quinn's body is mechanical, and what he feels is desperately helpless and lost; besides, in The Locked Room the narrator sinks with his wife into a luxurious and corrupt life, which leads them into loss and desperation.- Chapter 3 examines relations of authority in family in City of Glass, powerless and normless work in Ghosts, and an idol-like and distorted friendship in The Locked Room. The first part displays family alienation in farther and son relationship where little Peter is abused by powerful father Stillman and after grown up, he was also >tenderly protected< by his powerful wife. The second part is the alienation in work where both Quinn and Black's self-discipline can do nothing in their detection and when they cannot find out a reliable fact they are trapped in frustration and anxiety. The third part deals with the alienation in friendship between the narrator and Fanshawe. Thus in New York City, the epitome of capitalist society, relationship between man and man becomes utilization, a relation of objects, and there is little love but alienation and indifference.- Chapter 4 is the conclusion. Auster makes a deep and all-round exposure of today's social alienation, which helps people rethink their social life and development and also contributes to their further quests.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Xiao, author = {Xiao, Lang}, title = {All-healthy Man and Sound Society - A Research on Fromm's Thought of Human Nature [健全的人及健全的社会—弗洛姆人性思想研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China 2012.}, abstract = {Erich Fromm, (1900.3 1980.3) was a famous delegate character of by western Frankfurt School in the twentieth Century. His research involves the philosophy, psychology, ethics and sociology and other fields, and his representatives include >Escape from Freedom<, >Psychoanalysis and Religion<, >Sane Society<, >Beyond the Chains of Illusion< and >The art of Loving<. In his research, notably, he integrated Freud's psychoanalysis and Marx's thought on people and society and studied people's social character with the methods in psychology. This kind of research of interdisciplinary and trans-disciplinary opened up a new field of research on human nature. He built up a unique >social character< theory by integrating Marx's social analysis theory, which emphasizes the social mode of production, and the research methods of psychology, paying attention to the analysis of impact which social structure has on the human. In the light of this theory, he tried to explain the dilemma and spiritual crisis which the modern people and society in the west are confronted with, and then put forward his idea of >perfect personality< and >perfect society<. This paper aims to study Fromm's thought of human nature, digging out its realistic significance. This paper is divided into three parts.- The first part: the origin of Fromm's thought. This section briefly introduces the formation of Fromm's thought and the theoretical source of the age factor.- The second part: the frame of Fromm's human nature thought. This part elaborates Fromm's unique >social character< and >social unconsciousness< theory and the relationship between the alienation of human nature and that.- The third part: Alienation and its reversion. In general, people in western modern society are in a state of alienation. In order to cure the pathological alienation of social, Fromm argues that people's self-perfection is a good way to solve the relevant people and social relationship problems. He also argues to establish a perfect society with friendship, mutual help, non-loneliness through a series of reforms in economic, cultural, political field.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Xie, author = {Xie, Hui}, title = {A Study of Toni Morrison's >The Bluest Eye< from Fromm's Sociopsychological Perspective [弗洛姆的社会心理学视角解读托妮•莫里森的作品《最蓝的眼睛》], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {Toni Morrison, winner of the Nobel Prize in1993, is indisputably the most prominent contemporary African-American writer. Morrison focuses on the African-American of the enslaved history and its effects on the African American identity construction and black community bonding is of Her first novel, >The Bluest Eye<, characterizes a black girl named Pecola who finds no love but contempt and insults within her black community. Critics have noted within this novel the erosion of the white mainstream culture and its disastrous impact on the psyche of the black community; however, few of them have taken the socio-psychological approach to explore the social causes for the distorted personality.- Drawing from the insights of Fromm's Theory of Love and Social Character Formation, this thesis focuses first on alienation and loss of love in >The Bluest Eye<, analyzing the black's distorted love towards the whites and the God and the loss of love within the black community. It then delves into the myriad facets of black's social character formation and its repercussion on the individual and the whole black community.- The thesis argues that alienation and loss of love results in the predominance of non-productive orientation in blacks' character structures; that the black's marginalized; inferior, dependent and insignificant socio-economic life has repercussion on their psyches and forms the sado-masochistic social character which results in their internalization of the white supremacist ideologies. The ideologies they adopt in turn intensify and stabilize the social character. The sad-masochistic social character ultimately leads to their psychological trauma and damages their community bonding.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhang, author = {Zhang, Jinglin}, title = {A Study on Nineteen Eighty-Four in Light of the Theory of Alienation of Affection [情感异化理论观照下的《一九八四》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {With pungent satire and profound thought George Orwell has developed his political allegory novels with a unique style In view of his great contributions to literature and politics, he is known as the cold conscience of a generation. >Nineteen Eighty-Four< is one of the most outstanding works. Once published in1950, it became the focus of a heated discussion among all the sectors of society. Together with Brave New World (1932) by British writer Huxley and by Russian writer Zamyatin (1920), they are known as >Trilogy of Anti-utopian<. Nineteen Eighty-Four is at the peak of Orwell's career and makes him world-renowned. Being a masterpiece of political fiction literature, Nineteen Eighty-Four has been studied by many scholars as well as literary critics at home and abroad from different perspectives, such as political science, linguistics, existentialism, feminism, and so on. In this political allegory, the author consciously displays a vivid future totalitarian world. It is undoubtedly that in the environment, lacking both humanity and freedom, any attempts to resist or pursue humanity is doomed to fail. However, the previous studies only describe the various abnormal behavior of the people in the totalitarian environment without sorting out these abnormal states, underlying the causes of these anomalies, nor applying any possibility or way of humans' self-salvation. As the most important theorist of >New Freudianism< of the school of psychoanalytic psychology and an important member of the Frankfurt School, German psychiatrist Erich Fromm precisely provides a theoretical support for the unachieved study with the theory of >alienation of affection< of humanistic psychoanalysis. This paper tries to study the alienation of humanity in Nineteen Eighty-Four with the theory of alienation of affection. By probing the reasons of alienation of affection, the thesis also tries to find a possible and proper way out for the alienation of affection. The article consists of five parts, Introduction, three main body chapters, and Conclusion. Introduction mainly introduces Orwell's literary achievements and Nineteen Eighty-Four as well as the studies and comments at home and abroad concerned, and then points out: the significance of the paper is to analyze various morbid behavior displayed by the members in the authoritarian society of Oceania, reveal the root causes of the alienated phenomenon, and focus on exploring ways to escape from such a tragedy from the perspective of the theory of alienation of affection.- Chapter One is the theoretical basis, in which a detailed elaboration of Fromm's theory of alienation of affection is presented. Fromm devotes his whole life to the combination of Marxist social analysis and Freudian psychological analysis, and creates his own theory of >Humanistic Psychoanalysis<. It is on this foundation that his theory of alienation of affection is developed. This theory indicates that humanity is inseparable from the state of society. An unhealthy society causes people to be incapable of carrying out >love and creative work<, losing the ability to establish a positive contact with the world, resulting in a personal psychological mechanism of >escaping from freedom<, and in the end, giving rise to the alienation of affection. Alienation of affection is also the source of every kind of evil, such as violence and war.- Chapter Two analyzes the embodiment of alienation of affection in Nineteen Eighty-Four. Fromm argues that alienation of affection takes on three forms. >Love of Death< is an emotion for death and destruction, >Malignant Narcissism< means an excessive self-enhancement of ignoring the objective, while >Incestuous Symbiosis< represents an extreme form of Oedipus complex with a desire for losing self completely. Section One enumerates on how the >Love of Death< is displayed in the actions of the members of every stratum of the society; Section Two portrays the frantic state of >Malignant Narcissism< of the Party in Oceania; Section Three reveals a relationship of >Incestuous Symbiosis< existing between the Party and the rebels. The combination of the three will produce >Syndrome of Decay<, which is the root of all the evils in Oceania.- Chapter Three investigates the causes of alienation of affection in Nineteen Eighty-Four. Fromm believes that if emotion lies in the extrusion of >Dichotomy of Survival< on one hand, and limited by >social filter< on the other hand, man can hardly become his own, and alienation is the inevitable outcome. In Oceania, with an extreme repression, the Party uses three means of filtering, >Newspeak<, >Doublethink<, and >Thought crime<, according to their totalitarian will. These act as a social filter to restrict the social consciousness. Therefore, people are not able to possess a normal sense and will surely lose the capacity of escaping from alienation of affection.- Based on the above analysis and discussion, the thesis draws a conclusion. Human's survival and development are not isolated, but rather closely related to their social environment. The cultural, economic, political and other developments of the whole society have a decisive impact on shaping individuals' affection. A healthy society can provide a prerequisite for people to pursue >love and creative work<, creating possibilities for individuals to escape from loneliness and alienation of affection; this is the crucial factor in inhibiting the criminal activities in reality and avoiding the tragedy of humanity. Last but not the least, in fact, the analysis of the people's behavior and mental state in a morbid society of Nineteen Eighty-Four and the exploration of its inherent development and pursuit also have some practical significance to the present society.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Ma, author = {Ma, Haihua}, title = {Pursuit of Freedom and Fear of Freedom - Fromm's Contemporary Interpretation of Freedom [追求自由与逃避自由 - 弗洛姆自由观当代解读], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 2012.}, abstract = {Erich Fromm (1900-1980) was a famous western psychologist, philosopher, sociologist and ethicist in the 20th century. He is an important representative figure of psychoanalysis theory. In the course of combining the thoughts of Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx, he is considered one of the founding fathers of Freudian Marxism, so he is a disciple of Marxism, also the main representative of western Marxist Frankfurt's faction. His important works include >The Fear of Freedom< (1941), a book that treated all aspects of philosophy, psychology, sociology, ethics, religion and culture. In that book he stated his original view on freedom and the analyzed the internal reasons why modern people escape from freedom in accordance with humanitarianism. He explored the psychological basis and social factors by psychoanalysis, and then further explained the slavery and oppression of the capitalist system. He solved the question how to pursuit freedom, how to perfect social system and enhance democratic politics construction, and how to achieve real freedom by improving society construction and promoting people's development. This thesis is composed of three parts. The first part is an introduction of Fromm's life. It lays special stress on analyzing the theoretical sources and historical background of The Fear of Freedom, and objectively expounds Fromm's personal experiences which play an important role in forming his thought. In the days of ideology difference and value diversification, Western Marxism's freedom theory digs out some new problems for us on how to treat freedom issue in the course of the Socialist Primary Stage.- The second part mainly analyzes Fromm's freedom theory-pursuit of freedom and escape from freedom in book of the fear of freedom. From the angle of spirit, based on humanity, Fromm interprets men's survival of dual dimension and character structure, dissects the core content of men who pursuit or fear of freedom.- In the third part evaluates Fromm's freedom theory, including positive significance and defects. Marxist freedom theory is the fundamental guiding principle for our country, especially in the period of socialist construction. The essence and core content of freedom thought should be correctly fully aware of and be firmly set up. In real life, putting the theory into practice is extremely urgent, and it is also the most arduous point. [Author's translation]}, language = {zh} } @misc{Ma, author = {Ma, Lihui}, title = {An Analysis of America's Next Top Model from the Perspective of Consumption Alienaton [从消费异化的角度解读《全美超模大赛》], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Sichuan Universiy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Since the20thcentury, the assembly line brought by the technological progress has provided abundant goods. Consequently, the related unceasing possession and consumption have become the most dominating part of life and the main way of communication between the world and people. Scholars from Frankfurt School like Marcuse and Fromm have raised the idea of consumption alienation, which has been further developed by the Eco-Marxists, represented by Ben Agger. The consumption alienation gains the control of people, nature and society by creating false demands and the value system of signs and commercialize all to the consumptive object. Modern industry and technology have led to a new genre of media with world-wide popularity-the TV reality show. America's Next Top Model, one of the most popular reality shows in America, has set an example for the other similar shows. By eye -catching training on the models and stunning photo-shoot for advisement, America's Next Top Model makes every bit of effort to produce false needs and to assign meaning to the goods for the audience, which in turn leads to the identity crisis of the audience. Thus, the audience have unconsciously fallen into the circle of consumption alienation.- In the first part, the thesis analyzes the program from the perspective of false needs, in which the creating of false needs and consumption featured by blind conformity are elaborated.- The second part focuses on sign consumption in the program, which can be found in the living environment and fierce competition among the contestants.- In the third chapter, the identity crisis caused by consumption alienation is studied to a certain degree, which is represented by confusion in self-identity and construction of false identity.- Through the research, the thesis states that America's Next Top Model is a product of consumption alienation which should alarm audience.}, language = {zh} } @misc{Ji, author = {Ji, Shuqin}, title = {The Research on Erich Fromm's Thoughts of Human Nature [弗洛姆人性思想研究], Master thesis, Ethics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China 2012.}, abstract = {埃里希•弗洛姆是法兰克福学派早期的重要成员,也是弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义流派的核心人物。弗洛姆从现实的社会生活出发来探讨人性,不仅强调生物因素对人性的作用,还重视社会政治经济结构对人性的影响,因此人性在结构上是一种囊括社会属性和自然属性、理性思维和情感意志、群体性和个体性等在内的多层次的总体人性。弗洛姆认为处在现实社会生活之中的个人性善或者性恶,不仅取决于家庭环境、文化氛围、社会环境等多种因素的影响,更重要的是具体个人自身选择的结果。弗洛姆鼓励人们抑恶扬善,努力实现善的潜能或倾向,逐步完善人性。弗洛姆也从生物进化学的角度对人性做出了解读,从人类所特有的生存境遇中来研究人性,提出>人的本质就是人的生存所固有的矛盾<的观点。根据这种生存境遇而产生的种种生存矛盾的不同表现,将此区分为>生存的两歧<和>历史的两歧<。由此出发,认为存在着>相关联的需要、超越的需要、生存根基的需要、自我认同的需要、倾向性与献身方式的需要<等五种心理需要。>性格<这一概念的引入是弗洛姆人性思想的一个重要创举,这根源于马克思把人性分为两类,一是>人的一般本性<,二是根据具体的历史时代情境而>发生了变化的人的本性<的观点。在有关性格<的问题上,他区分了个人性格和社会性格,并且把社会性格看作是经济基础与上层建筑之间一个桥梁或者纽带。这是对马克思主义理论的一个十分重要的补充,也为我们观察社会问题提供了一个崭新的视角。笔者认为,弗洛姆的人性思想,一方面在研究方法、现代社会人心内涵解读等方面存在着历史合理性;另一方面,也存在着对意志、情感等非理性因素作用夸大、思想内在矛盾等诸多理论局限性,这是由弗洛姆综合不同理论思想研究的特质所决定的。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Guo, author = {Guo, Min}, title = {Mental Health Research Viewed from the Perspective of General Problem-Solving [广义问题解决视野下的心理健康研究], Doctoral dissertation, Philosophy of Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 2912.}, abstract = {当今社会,人们的生活节奏不断加快,竞争压力越来越大,来自学习、工作、婚姻、交往等方方面面的问题使得越来越多的人难以应对,严重影响了人们的心理健康。追求心理健康已成为当代社会生活的最重要内容之一。然而,什么是心理健康?心理健康与哪些因素有关?如何才能更好保持心理健康状态呢?无数心理学家仍在寻求这些问题的答案。本文选取广义问题解决的全新视角,提出心理健康就是及时发现并成功解决问题所达到的心理平衡状态。此处的>问题<是广义的,既包括生活当中的各种外部问题(非心理问题),又包括个体内部产生的心理问题(内部问题)。广义问题解决指包括发现问题、评价问题、选择问题和解决问题在内的全过程。心理健康与个人(先天遗传因素与后天发展因素)、社会(家庭环境、学校教育、工作单位、社会氛围、互联网络等)、文化等多种因素密切相关。当任何因素导致个体无法成功解决生活中的种种外部问题时,就可能产生心理问题,严重者甚至导致心理疾病。因此要全面理解心理健康、更好保持心理健康,首先必须理清心理健康、心理问题、心理疾病三者之间的关系。什么是心理健康?什么是心理问题?什么是心理疾病?心理健康、心理问题、心理疾病三者之间有着怎样的关系?心理学家如何理解心理健康?为何选取广义问题解决的研究视角?基于广义问题解决的心理健康观有何特点?广义问题解决各环节与心理健康的关系如何?心理问题的成因是什么?解决心理问题的主要途径与基本方式有哪些?本文分六章来讨论以上问题。第一章>心理健康概述<首先考察健康与心理健康的定义及关系,然后考察心理问题的定义、分类及其与心理疾病的区别。接着考察心理疾病的定义。最后探讨心理健康与心理问题、心理疾病之间的相互关系,三者之间可以相互转化,而转化的关键因素在于广义问题解决。第二章>传统心理健康观评析<分别考察精神分析学派、存在-人本主义学派、认知-行为主义学派代表人物的心理健康观。精神分析学派考察了弗洛伊德、阿德勒、荣格、埃里克森、霍妮、弗洛姆的心理健康观。存在-人本主义学派考察了马斯洛、罗杰斯、罗洛•梅、弗兰克的心理健康观。认知-行为主义学派考察了斯金纳、班杜拉、乔治•凯利的心理健康观。以上心理学家向我们展示不同的视角和风格,为我们进行心理健康研究提供了参照和启发。第三章>基于广义问题解决的心理健康观<首先考察基于广义问题解决的心理健康观的特点,接着简述了广义问题解决的四个环节,然后分别探讨了发现问题与心理健康、评价问题与心理健康、选择问题与心理健康、解决问题与心理健康之间的关系,并分别结合典型案例进行具体分析。第四章>问题的分类及其成因<本文根据研究需要将问题划分为外部问题(非心理问题)与内部问题(心理问题)。外部问题主要包括学习成长问题、职业生涯问题、爱情婚姻问题、人际交往问题等,内部问题可根据其成因分为外因为主型心理问题和内因为主型心理问题,或根据其产生的时程分为急性心理问题和慢性心理问题。然后分析了外部问题与内部问题的成因。第五章>心理问题的主要解决途径<分别从个人视角、社会视角和文化视角探讨心理问题的解决途径。个人视角下的心理问题解决主要包括预防心理问题的发生和正确对待心理问题。社会视角下的心理问题解决主要依赖社会支持系统和专业治疗系统。文化视角下的心理问题解决主要运用哲学文化、科学文化、艺术文化和宗教文化所提供的思维方式。第六章>解决心理问题的三种基本方式<论述了顺应、反抗、超越这三种解决心理问题的基本方式,并进行典型案例分析。这三种基本方式并不是截然分开的,而是相互关联的。在心理问题解决的不同阶段、不同层次可能分别用到这三种基本方式。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Liu, author = {Liu, Caling}, title = {The Research on Fromm's Freedom Thought and Its Present Enlightenment - Based on the analysis of >Escape from Freedom< [弗洛姆的自由思想及其当代启示 - 基于《逃避自由》的分析], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2012.}, abstract = {埃里希•弗洛姆受弗洛伊德的精神分析学说和马克思的社会理论的影响,致力于对人性和社会心理的思考,关注现实的人的生存状态,通过对弗洛伊德主义和马克思主义的结合,创立了在社会领域运用精神分析学说的独特视角。弗洛姆对自由思想的论述颇多,本文主旨在于以《逃避自由》一书为基础,对弗洛姆的自由思想进行梳理和评价,并结合中国的社会实践探讨其自由思想的理论和实践价值。文章首先介绍弗洛姆的生平,从他所处的社会环境家庭环境和个人生活经历出发来寻找弗洛姆思想形成的社会和理论根源。以《逃避自由》一书为基础,对弗洛姆的自由思想进行梳理。对《逃避自由》一书的产生、基本内容展开介绍,这本书揭示了现代人陷入自由的悖论,追求自由又逃避自由,实质上是不自由的生存状态,分析了逃避自由的心理机制,并找出了解决逃避自由问题的途径和理想的社会模式,这种对自由的探讨方法和视角是新颖的,有其独特的理论和实践价值。然后本文从马克思自由观的角度对其进行了评价,通过对马克思自由观的分析和与弗洛姆自由观的对比,来揭示弗洛姆的自由思想的可取之处和局限性。指出其在关于异化的概念、理想的社会模式、实现途径以及逃避自由的解决途径方面的主观主义的倾向,决定了他的自由观在理论高度上必将低于马克思,必将走向虚幻的乌托邦。最后,用宏观和微观相结合的方法,把弗洛姆的自由思想结合中国的社会实际,对现阶段中国民众的自由状态进行了具体的分析,力图从资本主义工业化进程中发现问题和解决问题的经验中探索出对中国社会转型期有益的启示,为构建和谐社会贡献一份力量。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Lue, author = {Lue, Si}, title = {Distortion and Loss of Love - Comment on the Family Relationship in Henry James's >Washington Square< [爱的扭曲和缺失 -评亨利•詹姆斯《华盛顿广场》中的家庭关系], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China 2012 [application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {亨利•詹姆斯(1843-1916)是美国19世纪后期三大现实主义大师之一,其多部作品历来倍受国内外学者的关注,其中的道德伦理主题引起了学者们的热烈探讨,然而其讨论却都相对忽略了詹姆斯早期作品中的道德伦理主题。本文拟从伦理批评的角度对其早期中篇小说《华盛顿广场》进行分析,探讨其作品所再现的家庭关系,挖掘出詹姆斯早期作品中的伦理思想。家庭关系是家庭成员间的人际互动或联系,属于社会关系的一种,是伦理批评的一个重要组成部分。家庭关系以主体为标准分为亲子关系、夫妻关系和其他家庭成员之间的关系。爱是处理家庭关系的核心原则,是维系婚姻和家庭的纽带。德国伦理学家爱利希•弗洛姆认为在家庭生活中,爱表现为亲子之爱、两性之爱和手足之爱三种形式,并认为爱包含了解、尊重、责任心和关心等基本要素。爱这一概念也因此体现了其伦理价值。《华盛顿广场》讲述了19世纪中叶纽约一个中上层阶级家庭的悲剧。本文以弗洛姆对爱的理论阐述为指导,分析《华盛顿广场》中的家庭关系及悲剧,试图揭示出19世纪三四十年代造成美国社会人性的扭曲和异化、道德的沦丧和滑坡的深层原因。全文共三章,第一章从作品的父女关系和母女关系入手,认为作品通过父亲对女儿的压制表现了一种扭曲的父爱,通过母亲对女儿的婚姻教导再现出错误的母爱,从而展示出一种亲子之爱的偏离,这种亲子之爱的偏离违背了老慈幼爱的伦理原则。第二章探讨两性之爱的缺失,认为未婚夫的贪婪表现出恋人间物化的爱,伪善表现出恋人间欺骗的爱,这两种爱都违背了男女互爱的原则。第三章则从弟弟的利己主义表现出的自私的爱,以及兄妹对婚姻的态度中传达出的相互矛盾的爱,分析了手足之爱的丧失,指出手足之爱的丧失违背了互谅互助的伦理原则。本文认为作品所体现的爱的扭曲和缺失是资本主义社会经济结构变化所带来的产物,是19世纪美国社会转型时期政治、经济、文化、历史多重社会因素造成的结果。詹姆斯在《华盛顿广场》这部早期作品中,就开始围绕爱的主题表达出对异化的家庭关系的批判,呼吁爱的社会的回归。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Liu, author = {Liu, Liping}, title = {Research on Erich Fromm's Thought of Consumption Alienation [埃里希•弗洛姆消费异化思想研究], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 2012.}, abstract = {埃里希•弗洛姆(Erich Fromm,1900-1980),弗洛伊德主义的马克思主义(1)的主要代表人物,开业长达四十余年的心理咨询师。弗洛姆毕生致力于对>人<的生存境遇的关注,对造成人的异化的现代工业社会进行了无情地揭露和有力地批判,并积极探索实现健全人格和健全社会的途径。消费异化思想就是弗洛姆社会批判理论的重要组成部分。弗洛姆对消费异化的集中论述出现在《健全的社会》(1955)以及《占有还是生存》(1976)二书中。他在《健全的社会》中首先亮明一个观点:生活于现代西方发达工业社会中的绝大多数人的精神是不健康的。一个人的精神是否健康从根本上讲不是他个人的事情,而是取决于他所在的社会结构。弗洛姆认为>精神健康<不能被定义为人通过调整自身的行为来无条件地适应他所在的社会,相反,社会应该为人的精神健康负责,为人的全面发展创造有利条件。而且,社会经济结构与人的性格之间存在着相互作用的关系,社会经济结构塑造了人的性格,人的性格反作用于社会经济结构。因此,通过分析资本主义社会性格的非生产性(即放弃自身拥有的力量和创造性潜能,以异化的方式与外界发生关联),就能揭露资本主义社会的不健全。而>异化<正是弗洛姆用来分析这些非生产性社会性格的最核心概念;>消费异化<对应的正是从20世纪中叶开始在资本主义社会中占主导地位的接受取向和市场取向两种社会性格。在后期著作《占有还是生存》中,弗洛姆从国家、政府、消费者等方面提出了许多消除消费异化的具体措施。因此,根据弗洛姆消费异化思想提出和发展演进的过程,本文的行文脉络是:首先,梳理弗洛姆消费异化思想的理论根源,归纳概括出消费异化的涵义并交待该思想产生的历史背景;其次,从社会性格的功能入手分析消费异化的成因,这也是弗洛姆消费异化思想的特色所在,同时也是本文的主要创新之处;然后,分析弗洛姆消费异化的表现形式、危害和消除消费异化的途径;最后,对弗洛姆消费异化思想进行客观评价,彰显其消费异化思想对中国社会发展的启示意义。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zuo, author = {Zuo, Danhua}, title = {To Have or to Be - Fromm's Critical Society Theory [占有还是存在 - 弗洛姆社会批判理论研究], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 2012.}, abstract = {>占有还是存在<这是一个现代生活中的重要问题,也是弗洛姆社会批判理论和实践中一条隐含的线索。本文首先对重占有和重存在两种生存方式进行了剖析,从中挖掘出了弗洛姆这一生存理论的前提,即人道主义原则、异化理论和社会性格理论。在此基础之上指出他这一理论的主旨:社会批判基础之上的社会拯救——构建>新人<和>新社会<。弗洛姆整个生存方式理论是以他对人性的分析作为基础的,人性中所固有的矛盾性是出现两种生存方式对立的根本原因,而人性中的主动和创造性本质又是消除这种对立,使得人类最终扬弃>重占有<的生存方式,建立>重存在<的生存方式的可能性所在。整篇文章的主要目的是对弗洛姆生存方式理论做一个较为全面的整理工作,同时站在马克思主义的哲学立场上对他的这种理论进行了分析。他这一生存方式理论主要涉及了三个方面:第一,对人的本性、人的生存状况作出的分析说明;第二,对社会状况、特别是社会病态进行了批判剖析;第三,为医治社会、拯救人类提供方案。这三方面也是他整个社会哲学所主要进行的工作。尽管弗洛姆的理论有偏颇之处,但是他为综合马克思的历史唯物主义和弗洛伊德的精神分析学说所做的努力是不容忽视的,正是他的这种努力为我们打开了一个应用马克思主义哲学分析当下社会问题的新视角。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Xia, author = {Xia, Bohua}, title = {The Analysis and Comparison of Fromm and Berlin's Freedom Theory [弗洛姆逃避自由理论和柏林两种自由理论之分析与比较], Master thesis, Foreign Marxist Theory, Southwest University, Yubei, Chongqing, China 2012.}, abstract = {本文就弗洛姆和柏林的自由理论分别进行了进行解读和分析。其中从自由是个心理学问题,人性与社会的两种适应关系,自由对人的双重影响、宗教改革和当代的自由、逃避自由的心理机制以及如何克服消极意义上的自由等多个方面解读了弗洛姆的自由思想。弗洛姆认为现代的我们比任何时候的人都需要自由,然而却没有享受到真正的自由,相反却是逃避自由。造成这个结果的原因主要是由社会和人心理双重压力所致。一方面,人越来越独立自由,越来越富有批判精神。同时,越来越孤立、孤独、微不足道、无能为力。另一方面,逃避孤独、是人性中固有的因素。弗洛姆认为逃避自由的主要机制就是权威主义、破坏欲和机械趋同。同时他也区分了消极自由与积极自由。本文对柏林的分析是从积极自由和消极自由、自我实现、多元论思想等进行的,伯林区分了消极自由和积极自由,认为>消极自由<为个人行动不受他人干涉的区域;>积极自由<意味着个人的生活和选择是由自己而不是任何异己的因素所决定。他极力推崇消极自由。但伯林的消极自由观也蕴含了内在的危机。同时文章也对两者的自由理论进行比较。他们都认为自由分为积极和消极自由。更多的是不同点,本文主要从他们对两种自由概念的理解、两种自由的侧重点,以及达到自由的途径不同,理论贡献和缺陷等四个方面进行分析。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Zhu, author = {Zhu, Dai}, title = {>The Way of the World< and >The Human Heart< - Diagnosis, Treatment and Healing Accor¬ding to Fromm [世道<与>人心< - 弗洛姆的诊断、治疗和拯救], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2012.}, abstract = {在弗洛姆看来,异化既是>世道<的病态,也是>人心<的病态。马克思是针对>世道<病态的人道抗议者,劳动异化本质上是人性异化和非人化,而马克思的目标是人的自由和解放。弗洛伊德是针对>人心<病态的人道关怀者,异化亦是心理的异化,表现为原欲的压抑和疏离的体验,因此人的解放亦是人心的解放。弗洛姆对异化的社会病理诊断,是从人性世界的精神诊断入手的。人性是善恶同体的。从个体性格看,爱生、爱人和独立性是积极的品质,爱死、自恋和乱伦固结是消极的品质。从社会性格看,创生倾向、成长综合症等是积极的品质,非创生倾向、衰败综合症等是消极的品质。弗洛姆对异化的社会治疗方案,包括了从>世道<到>人心<的各个维度和层面:消除人性的异化,满足人的需求,包括爱、自由及自我实现的需求等,是治疗的人道目标,这个目标通过培养健全的人格和建构健全的社会来共同完成。弗洛姆的拯救,是把爱作为一种伦理原则和一种信仰:人的世界应该是爱的世界,爱既是对人的信任,也是一种积极的自由。爱是一种艺术,需要克服个人的自恋,发展谦卑,需要客观性和理性以及培养他生性。弗洛姆启示我们:人性是一个既包括自然属性又包括社会属性,既包括理性又包括感性,既包括意识又包括无意识的多维度、多层面的范畴,>以人为本<应以这个人性范畴为本,而>和谐社会<的建设,也应该包括从>世道<到>人心<的多个维度和多个层面,是系统性的和整合性的。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Wang, author = {Wang, Baiwen}, title = {Research on Erich Fromm's Socialistic Ideology [洛姆社会主义思想研究], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China 2012.}, abstract = {社会主义的研究一直是东西方马克思主义者研究的热点问题之一。本文以著名的西方马克思主义者弗洛姆的社会主义思想为研究对象,对其进行较为全面地、系统地阐释与分析。在立足于科学社会主义原则的基础上,将弗洛姆社会主义思想与马克思社会主义结合研究,旨在更好地把握马克思主义基本原理,理解现代的社会主义实践。本文在对弗洛姆文化经历及其社会主义思想来源梳理的基础上,比较深入地探讨弗洛姆社会主义思想的理论基石与方法论基础,分析弗洛姆对不能满足>预制<人性的现代资本主义社会>丰裕<异化的批判,考察弗洛姆憧憬社会主义社会的新图景。同时,对弗洛姆社会主义思想进行了辩证的评析。文章认为,弗洛姆社会主义思想的合理成分在于崇尚社会主义的向上精神,坚定社会主义彻底否定资本主义,倡导规约技术与健康消费的社会主义理念。弗洛姆社会主义思想的理论缺憾在于,以抽象人性论为出发点,片面理解社会主义的内涵,漠视通向实现未来社会途径的现实性。弗洛姆的社会主义思想仍未能跳出乌托邦的理性藩篱,属于现代空想社会主义,其实质就是人道主义的社会主义。对弗洛姆社会主义思想进行研究,可以进一步审视已有研究成果存在的某些分歧。在社会主义思想发展的背景下,积极推进对西方社会主义思想研究的深化,正确把握科学社会主义的思想真谛,对我国社会主义建设具有重要的理论价值和实践意义}, language = {zh} } @misc{Song, author = {Song, Yulu}, title = {Mental Illness and Their Modern Way [现代人的精神病症及其出路], Master thesis, Marxist Philosophy, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 2012.}, abstract = {现代人的精神病症不只具有病理学的意义,更是现代人普遍存在的一种心理状态,人是生活在社会中的人,人的心理状态也不得不受到整体环境的影响,现代人的精神病症也来自于社会的病态。发达的现代社会并没有让生活在其中的人获得自由,现代人物质繁荣、精神贫乏,人也没有创造力和自主行动力,就如同患了精神分裂症。对于中国社会来说,现代化是不可避免的趋势,如果偏离了正确的方向,即使摆物质贫困也难逃精神贫困的噩运。因此我们要时刻反思自己的处境,在发展经济的同时也要避免单向度的发展,只有实现人的全面发展才能走向社会健全之路。本文先从法兰克福学派几个代表人物的观点入手,对人精神病症的研究也逐渐从生理学角度转向社会文化方面,从个体性研究走向社会群体的普遍性研究,把精神分析放入正常人之中。在此基础上挖掘了现代人精神病症的根源,主要表现为现代社会及人的异化;然后又分析了当代中国人的精神危机;最后论证了通过精神健康之路以及对于中国现代化建设的启示。第一章引言主要介绍了国内外的研究现状和几个代表人物的观点进行了梳理,首先对精神分析学的发展做了梳理,从弗洛伊德创立的精神分析学以来,就出现了大批对他理论批判继承者,比如阿德勒、荣格、马尔库塞、弗洛姆,越来越注重从社会文化方面对现代人作出精神分析。然后引出研究这一问题的理论和现实意义,不仅为人学发展提供了新思路,还对我国文化建设具有重大的借鉴意义。第二章深入探究现代人精神病症的根源,这个精神病症是具有普遍性的,存在于正常人群之中的,也是社会本身的病态。而现代人产生精神病症的根源首先在于人性本身,人类存在之时便得面对生存的二岐性矛盾,人对世界的改造也促使人心理的变化;深刻的社会历史根源也都会使现代人产生迷惘,人所遇到的障碍也超越了他所创造的文明;还有社会性格和无意识都会对个体心理产生潜移默化的影响,这些都会导致人出现精神问题。第三章分析了现代人精神病症的集中体现——那就是异化,这里的异化更侧重于从主观体验方面来说,它是指社会和生活在其中的人的病态,看似正常的现代人早已被全面异化。尤其是在资本主义社会中表现的更为突出,人与自身、与同胞和消费之间的关系都被异化了。第四章引出现代人的精神病症也存在于我国社会之中,现代人的两难困境让自己发展的同时也造成了人的精神困境,当代中国人的精神生活有着自己的特点,面对强大的外部力量,中国人内心也会产生极大波动,这些都会影响现代人的精神状况。第五章自然提出了解决现代人精神病症的方案,首先精神健全主要是人的健全,社会也要适应人的发展,让异化的人得以健全,人也具备自主能力和全面发展的条件。具体实施方案就是要进行心灵救赎和体制改革,只有爱才能克服人与人之间的障碍,摆内心的孤独:同时也应该进行经济、政治、文化三方面的转型,只有让各方面协调发展才能产生一个精神健全的社会。最后一章就现代人精神病症研究的理论根源和当代价值进行了总结,本文基于弗洛姆精神分析的理论对现代人的精神状况进行剖析,试图使人类建立一条自我拯救精神家园之路。对于中国社会来说,对这一问题的研究具有重大现实意义,对我国市场经济、文化建设与和谐社会的发展也有着启示作用,市场只是一种手段,其目的都在于促进人自身的发展,只有解决了社会的精神病症人才能得以健全,对我国和谐社会的建立也有着借鉴意义。结论部分对全文进行了简要总结,最后得出现代人要走向精神健全之路不只依靠个体的努力,最终还得依靠全社会的共同努力。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Dan, author = {Dan, Wei}, title = {Alienation Critique of Capitalist Society - From Marx to Habermas [资本主义社会的异化批判 -从马克思到哈贝马斯], Master thesis, Basic Principles of Marxism, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zheijiang, China 2012.}, abstract = {本文以哲学思想史为背景,首先对马克思以前的异化概念和思想进行回顾和分析。接着,分析指出马克思的异化理论是建立在前人的研究成果基础之上,具体是通过对霍布斯、卢梭、黑格尔、费尔巴哈等的异化理论的批判继承,从而创造出自己的劳动异化理论。马克思后来还进一步丰富和深化了他的异化理论,并将其贯穿到对资本主义制度的批判之中。>西方马克思主义<在马克思异化理论的基础上,结合自身所处的社会经济环境,发展出了各具特色的异化理论。其中,卢卡奇认为异化即是物化,可以通过无产阶级意识的觉醒和实践活动来克服各种物化;马尔库塞认为现代资本主义社会是一个病态的社会,通过爱欲的解放来摆脱资本主义社会对人的异化;弗洛姆认为当下资本主义社会的人性异化可以通过心理革命和社会革命进行克服;而哈贝马斯则认为可以通过>交往行为<的合理化来消除他眼中交往的异化。文章还论述了马克思和>西方马克思主义<对异化根源的探究以及在此基础上对资本主义社会的异化批判。本文的最后一部分主要是比较和分析马克思和>西方马克思主义<对资本主义社会异化批判的异同。指出了马克思对他那个时代的异化批判是准确的、科学的,而>西方马克思主义<对其所处的当代资本主义社会的异化批判也是有意义的,但存在不少问题。这对我们今天认识和批判资本主义社会的异化有着很好的启示作用。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Li, author = {Li, Dan}, title = {Research on Utopian Thought: Exploration, Development Process, Comparative Analysis [乌托邦思想研究:理论探微•发展脉络•殊异甄析], Doctoral dissertation, Foreign Marxism Research, Jilin University, Changchun, China 2012.}, abstract = {>乌托邦<,顾名思义,即没有寄寓之所的国度。乌托邦是对人类完美社会的理想设计,不过它只能寄托在远离现实的时空之中。本文本着对于乌托邦思想提供借鉴价值的宗旨来展开乌托邦马克思主义的研究,重点论述了>乌托邦<研究的构建、乌托邦的马克思主义、近代中国>空想社会主义<的梳理、欧洲历史上>空想社会主义<的探寻,并且阐述了>乌托邦<在中国的殊异与特征,从不同侧面来加以发现它的高深和精妙之处,指引我国乌托邦马克思主义又好又快发展。第1章,绪论。主要对容易混淆的相近词的概念加以厘定,并且介绍了选题价值、结构安排和研究方法。中国的>乌托邦<与欧洲的>乌托邦<的演进趋势基本类似,它们在不少方面是相通的,这些在一定程度上反映了乌托邦马克思主义的共同规律。我国乌托邦马克思主义既吸收了欧洲历史上空想社会主义思想的优秀成果,但又不是对它的简单照搬;虽然比它晚出,却因此而比它更科学。第2章,>乌托邦<研究的构建。正像卡尔•曼海姆所警告的那样:>如果摒弃了乌托邦,人类将会失去塑造历史的愿望,从而也会失去理解它的能力。<但是如果不同时期摒弃历史和乌托邦,中国乌托邦的历史演进决不可能完全按照乌托邦的模式来塑造,进而形成不同形态的乌托邦。第3章,乌托邦的马克思主义。早在17世纪,早期的乌托邦社会主义理论家提出了社会发展的乌托邦思想。在这样的历史中,国外马克思主义倡导>现代乌托邦<思想的流派诞生了。其代表人物有:布洛赫、弗洛姆、马尔库塞、哈贝马斯等。乌托邦马克思主义者是资本主义的坚定批判者,也是社会主义理想的坚定支持者。第4章,近代中国>空想社会主义<的梳理。首先,介绍了近代中国空想社会主义的发展历程。从十九世纪五十年代到二十世纪初,科学社会主义传入之前,中国出现过四种形态的空想社会主义思想,即农业社会主义、大同主义、民生主义与无政府主义。其次,介绍了其进步性。近代中国空想社会主义在各个历史时期,对当时的政治实践,都在不同程度上起到推动作用。再次,介绍了其消极性。近代中国空想社会主义一方面作为一种理想,曾鼓舞过人们当时的斗争热忱,另一方面作为实践纲领,对当时的斗争又起过某种破坏作用。最后,介绍了近代中国空想社会主义的典型代表。主要以近代中国的空想社会主义为研究对象,研究视阈覆盖洪秀全、康有为、梁启超、孙中山和刘师复等人的观点。第5章,欧洲历史上的>空想社会主义<的探寻。本部分主要介绍欧洲历史上空想社会主义的发展历程、主要贡献和典型代表。空想社会主义作为社会主义发展的一个重要时期,它是不成熟的资本主义生产状况和阶级状况的产物。它反映了早期无产阶级迫切要求改造现存社会,建立美好社会的理想,表达了他们的经济利益和政治要求,是早期无产阶级反抗资本主义剥削压迫的理论表现。第6章,>乌托邦<在中国的殊异与特征。本部分主要介绍>乌托邦<在中国的思想渊源、未来社会理想蓝图和理想社会实现途径的不同与其在中国的实践性和世界性层面上的特征。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Luo, author = {Luo, Yingchun}, title = {Ecology Interpretation of Moby-Dick [《白鲸》的生态学解读 -美国激进时代精神生态的质询], Master thesis, Comparative Literature and World Literature, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2012. [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {白鲸》是麦尔维尔的代表作,也是美国十九世纪文学史上最为重要的作品之一。作品讲述了>裴廓德号<出海捕鲸并在船长亚哈的带领下向其宿敌白鲸复仇的悲壮故事。评论界对于该作品的阐释已经是汗牛充栋,不可胜数。本课题在生态理论、生命哲学、精神分析学说的引导下,运用历史的与美学的方法,对其在精神生态上的思想意义进行探讨,试图以此推进对该作品的深入理解。文章分为五部分。引论部分主要是按照时间顺序简单梳理国内外麦尔维尔的研究成果,以确立本课题的理论视界与可能展开的具体路向,并表述本课题所运用的理论、研究方法与自己论文的主要研究价值。第二部分着眼于作品的时代语境,指出19世纪的美国正处于黄金时期,其政治、经济、社会高速发展,举国上下洋溢着豪迈乐观的激情和雄强不羁,充满自信的时代精神。正是在这样的时代语境下,作者以饱满的热情叙写了一部海上捕鲸的传奇故事,塑造了一个雄强粗犷的生命群体,给他们以宽广的胸襟,丰富的知识与强健的体魄。他们虽然处在社会的下层与边缘,但他们身上所焕发出的生机、活力,表现出了作者的生命理想。第三部分主要是运用精神分析学说对船长亚哈进行分析,论述作品在人的精神心理、意志、情感等探讨上所具有的意义与价值。认为故事所叙写的虽然是>复仇<这个古老的母题,但却通过亚哈对白鲸的复仇打开了人的无意识领域的广袤的世界,让人们见到了无意识的强大与混沌。作品在展示亚哈强大意志的同时也给人以警示,那就是人类的意志如果没有正确的价值原则与自由信念作为支撑,也很可能给生命带来悲剧。第四部分主要运用了弗洛姆的学说与社会文化理论,对作品中所表现出的宗教意识与时代精神的矛盾进行了分析。认为美国虽然是一个移民国家,但依然有着基督教的深刻影响,社会整体意识中潜藏着基督教文化所带来的压抑。时代的蓬勃发展让人们的理性意识高扬,人类希冀用理性来主宰自我的命运。但人类一旦远离上帝,脱离了先前固有的文化心理秩序和宗教信仰,就很容易陷入孤独的境地,只能面对精神与心灵的荒野,依然不能获得自由。对上帝失去敬畏,命运就会对人类进行相应的惩罚,当然这种惩罚不是来自外在的力量,实际上是来自生命本身的黑暗。就如亚哈的船只在杀死白鲸的同时,也让自我陷入了深渊一样。第五部分是全文的结语。该部分对本文主要观点进行总结,认为人应在身心、意志、信念之间建立起平衡,只有这样才可能获得精神的自由并实现生命的价值。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Liu, author = {Liu, Xiaofeng}, title = {A Study of Ethan's Alienation in >The Winter of Our Discontent< Theory [《烦恼的冬天》中伊桑的异化研究], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China 2012. [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, abstract = {《烦恼的冬天》是约翰•斯坦贝克创作的最后一部长篇小说,被认为是其获得诺贝尔文学奖的直接原因。本论文以埃里希•弗洛姆的异化理论为基础,通过分析《烦恼的冬天》中主人公伊桑内心所经历的痛苦和随之而来的道德沦丧以及最后为重新找回自我所做的努力,旨在更好的理解这部作品以及斯坦贝克对于人性的关怀和信心。本文首先指出伊桑异化的原因在于身处一个金钱至上的消费社会以及个人试图逃避精神孤独而走向迷失、堕落。其次,本文从三个方面深入分析了伊桑的异化,即与曾经熟悉的家乡新港镇的异化,与他人的异化以及与自我的异化,展现了生活在20世纪中叶的美国人所遭受的无法逃避的疏离感和孤独感。最后,文章详尽地探讨了伊桑走向异化解除的倾向。虽然最终即将过上富裕的物质生活,伊桑内心却备受罪恶感和羞耻感的折磨,于是他开始重新审视自己,逐渐改变了一些生活实践,在准备自杀的时候获得了新生。论文结尾部分通过对前面内容的总结,得出结论阐明生活在一个物欲横流的社会,人的异化是不可避免的,但人性是可以完善的,通过自身的努力和觉悟个人一定能够重拾自我,走向异化解除。通过运用弗洛姆的异化理论解读《烦恼的冬天》,本文再现了斯坦贝克作为一个现实主义作家对社会观察的细致、认识的深刻以及对人类坚定的信心。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Liu, author = {Liu, Yanan}, title = {Analysis on the Psychological Mechanism of Fromm's Escape from Freedom and Its Contemporary Value [弗洛姆>逃避自由<心理机制的解析及当代价值], Master thesis, Foreign Marxism, Harbin Polytechnic University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China 2012.}, abstract = {埃里希•弗洛姆是法兰克福学派的代表人物之一,也是著名的心理学家、伦理学家、哲学家。本文对弗洛姆>逃避自由<心理机制进行了深入的分析,客观的评价,并阐述弗洛姆>逃避自由<心理机制的现实意义。本文首先介绍弗洛姆>逃避自由<心理机制产生的特定背景、基本内容,并通过对马克思自由观的论述,揭示弗洛姆对马克思自由观的继承,分析弗洛姆>逃避自由<心理机制的局限性。弗洛姆从马克思的自由观看到,自由是一种状态、一种境界,要从历史的角度研究自由问题,并且提出理想中的社会、理想中的人。但由于弗洛姆过分强调心理因素对人的自由产生的作用,使其理论仍未逃脱唯心主义的窠臼。同时由于弗洛姆所处时代背景及其理论的局限性,使其对西方的资本主义制度持肯定的态度,并承认私有制存在的合理性,从而与马克思主义背道而驰。弗洛姆>逃避自由<心理机制的理论,有其特定的理论启示性和积极的现实意义。在中国现代化建设迅猛发展的过程中,由于改革开放引发的社会深层变革,人们不可避免地会出现各种>逃避自由<的心理问题。本文试图运用弗洛姆>逃避自由<心理机制理论加以剖析,并探析解决问题之路。同时,弗洛姆在对自由与自发性活动关系的论述启示着我们,要对社会矛盾保持清醒的认识,超越并扬弃被动状态下获得的消极自由,用爱与创造性的劳动来获得真正的积极自由。此外,构建和谐社会,坚持以人为本,首先要掌握人的心理状态和思想动态,运用科学的方法对我国当前社会发展中出现的社会心理问题进行客观、全面的分析,使我国国民能够拥有健康的心理及人格,是我们当前首先要解决的问题。}, language = {zh} }