@article{Xia, author = {Xia, Huiyun}, title = {Suffocating Spiritual Wasteland: On O'Connor's >A Good Man Is Hard to Find< [令人窒息的精神荒原:浅析奥康纳的《好人难寻》] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Way of Success [成才之路], No. 30 (2009), p. 29.}, journal = {Way of Success [成才之路], No. 30 (2009), p. 29.}, abstract = {弗兰纳里•奥康纳是美国当代杰出的女性之一,她以其独特的写作风格,在美国文学史上占有重要的一席之地。《好人难寻》是她杰出的代表作,小说依然体现了她一贯的暴力和死亡主题。此文主要运用弗洛姆有关爱的理论来分析老奶奶一家的悲惨命运,从而指出爱的缺乏是造成其悲剧性的根本原因。}, language = {zh} } @misc{Xia, author = {Xia, Huiyun}, title = {A Lonely Soul and His Doomed Tragedy [孤独的灵魂,注定的悲剧], Master thesis, English Language and Literature, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China 2010 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {John Fowles is a writer with international fame in the contemporary British literary arena. His achievement has covered a wide range of genres, such as novel, poetry, literary criticism and so on. Many of his works have been translated into a variety of languages and attracted the intensive attention of critics and scholars all over the world, especially his masterpiece The French Lieutenant's Woman (1969). As an internationally acclaimed novelist, Fowles occupies an irreplaceable position in the history of English literature. >The Collector< is Fowles's maiden work which has brought him great success since its publication in 1963. Critics have made studies on the novel from various perspectives. In the novel, it is undeniable that Miranda's life is a tragedy. However, as a kidnapper, Clegg also lives a miserable and tragic life.- Here, in light of Erich Fromm's humanism, the thesis tries to make an analysis of Clegg's tragedy in the hope of providing a different angle to interpret this novel. What's more, the significance of the thesis lies in that it can also impart to us some profound and practical social meaning. Nowadays, with the development of science and technology, great changes have taken place to the world that we live in. The application of high-tech in daily life leads to fiercer and fiercer competition between people. People, especially the workers, are likely to be mechanized into a piece of machine. Meanwhile, the invention of various communication facilities quickens up the life tempo. Thus the sincere communication between people is becoming less and less. And the relationship between people has tended to be alienated. Therefore, at the crucial moment when alienation has penetrated into almost every field of people's life, it is of great importance to draw a lesson from Clegg's tragedy. Especially the love theory of Erich Fromm can shed light on how to build a more harmonious society. The thesis is composed of five chapters: - Chapter one includes a brief introduction of John Fowles's life, the general plot summary of The Collector as well as the critical responses to the novel home and abroad. Last but not least, it points out the significance of a humanistic interpretation of Clegg's tragedy.- Chapter two makes a general introduction to the theoretical system of Fromm's humanism. His humanistic theory mainly talks about three issues, namely, the theory of human nature, the theory of alienation and the love theory. His human nature theory is the base and starting point of his humanism. His theory of alienation is the core of his humanism as well as the deepness and outspread of the human nature theory. And the love theory is the crest and end-result of his humanism. The thesis mainly focuses on the theory of alienation and his love theory which are applied in the thesis.- Chapter three applies Fromm's alienation theory to the description of Clegg's forlorn spiritual world. Alienation has pervaded every corner of his life which is displayed in the following three aspects: he lacks national responsibility and obligation and is alienated from the nation; the relationship between Clegg and the people around him is also alienated; he is even alienated from himself.- Chapter four analyzes the causes of Clegg's tragedy. One cause is the social reality which generates class distinction. Coming from the bottom of society, Clegg is subject to the feeling of inferiority, thus he lacks confidence and becomes too sensitive. On the other hand, Miranda's contempt of him also exerts a negative influence on him. Another cause is his morbid character structure which is an integration of hoarding character, sadistic tendency and necrophilous orientation. Besides, Clegg's failure in understanding the essence of love is another cause of Clegg's tragedy. Here, by the application of Fromm's love theory, the thesis gives an analysis to Clegg's loneliness. And the analysis centers on his relationship with Miranda. It starts from giving, the nature of love, and then goes deep into the four basic elements of love, that is, care, responsibility, respect and knowledge. And these four elements are mutually dependent and complementary. Under the combined result of these three factors, Clegg's tragedy is inevitable.- And the final chapter is the part of conclusion. It summarizes the factors of Clegg's tragedy and maintains the importance and significance of a humanistic interpretation of his tragedy.}, language = {zh} }