@article{Millan, author = {Mill{\´a}n, Salvador}, title = {Fenomenos sociales del tercer mundo y el character social}, series = {Comunitaria. Psicologia social, numero especial 1, M{\´e}xico 1996, pp. 159-172. [= MILL{\´A}N, S., 1992}, journal = {Comunitaria. Psicologia social, numero especial 1, M{\´e}xico 1996, pp. 159-172. [= MILL{\´A}N, S., 1992}, number = {translation / {\"U}bersetzung}, language = {es} } @article{Millan, author = {Mill{\´a}n, Salvador}, title = {Social Character. Why Marketing Character Is Rejected paper presented at a meeting on social character in Washington, May 10-12, 1996, 7 pp. (Typescript).}, number = {unpublished version / unver{\"o}ffentlichte Fassung}, language = {en} } @article{Millan, author = {Mill{\´a}n, Salvador}, title = {The White God Quetzalcoatl Visits the Acropolis Paper presented at the 8th. Forum of the IFPS in Athens, May 15-18, 1996, 15 pp. (Typoscript).}, number = {unpublished version / unver{\"o}ffentlichte Fassung}, language = {en} } @article{Millan, author = {Mill{\´a}n, Salvador}, title = {The importance of initial interviews in psychoanalysis}, series = {R. Funk (Ed.), Erich Fromm - Psychoanalyst and Supervisor. Reader in Preparation of an International Conference in Ascona, April 1997, T{\"u}bingen 1996, pp. 305-331. [= MILL{\´A}N, S., 1995a]}, journal = {R. Funk (Ed.), Erich Fromm - Psychoanalyst and Supervisor. Reader in Preparation of an International Conference in Ascona, April 1997, T{\"u}bingen 1996, pp. 305-331. [= MILL{\´A}N, S., 1995a]}, number = {reprint / Nachdruck}, language = {en} } @article{Millan, author = {Mill{\´a}n, Salvador}, title = {Mexican time. A point of view}, series = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press), Vol. 5 (No. 1, March 1996), pp. 65-68.}, journal = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Oslo (Scandinavian University Press), Vol. 5 (No. 1, March 1996), pp. 65-68.}, abstract = {The way in which Mexicans deal with time differs considerably from that of Europeans or Northamericans: the Mexican >has< or >allows himself< more time. The virtue of punctuality, which is so highly valued in countries with protestant work ethics, is unknown to him. >Mexican time< includes many festivities and reveals a social character related to a matriarchal complex. One lives day by day without concern, expects to always have enough for a living, and tries to regain the paradise lost. How was Fromm able to cope with this attitude to life? To begin with many of his students saw him—the psychoanalyst who had emigrated from Germany and who had been working and teaching in the USA—as an >authoritarian< person. They found the very demand for a punctual start of the sessions and a limitation to a 50- minute duration unacceptable. As time went by, however, a fruitful interchange evolved: not only did the students learn from Fromm the psychoanalytic technique, but they were also deeply impressed by the personality behind it. On the other hand Fromm's comprehensive view of human beings and his humanitarian disposition could not be understood without the experience he gained during his long stay in Mexico. In this way >Mexican time< contributed to a large extent to the development of a >humanitarian psychoanalysis<.}, language = {en} } @article{Millan, author = {Mill{\´a}n, Salvador}, title = {The Social Dimensions of Transference}, series = {M. Cortina and M. Maccoby (Eds.), A Prophetic Analyst. Erich Fromm's Contribution to Psychoanalysis, Nothvale and London (Jason Aronson Inc.) 1996, pp. 325-340.}, journal = {M. Cortina and M. Maccoby (Eds.), A Prophetic Analyst. Erich Fromm's Contribution to Psychoanalysis, Nothvale and London (Jason Aronson Inc.) 1996, pp. 325-340.}, abstract = {Salvador Mill{\´a}n's main thesis is that social character--the way patients and therapists internalize the values, cultural beliefs, and class structure of their society--is always present in the consulting room and often becomes manifest as transfer-ence and counter-transference reactions. Indeed, according to Mill{\´a}n, transference and countertransference are just another name for developmental processes of so-cial adaptation as it be-comes expressed in a particular relationship between an analyst and his/her patient. Mill{\´a}n takes us through the origin of the concept of transference in Freud, with its patriarchal and authoritarian overtones, to its classical definition in Fenichel's work. With its surgical metaphors, Fenichel crystallized an approach to technique and the handling of the transference. Analytical technique re-quired a neutral and detached observant role, with precise interpretations directed at the psyche, similar to a surgeon's skilled incisions into the patient's body. Mill{\´a}n compares this approach with the guidance Fromm offered to the students of the Mexican Psychoanalytic Institute during supervision and in his seminars in Cuer-navaca during the 1960s. Fromm's point of departure was like Freud's. Transference has to do with the experience of infancy that is repeated in the presence of the ana-lyst. Fromm (1968) thought that this definition of transference, while true, was lim-ited, since it took into account only one source of irrational strivings based on infan-tile longings. However, if one looked at transference as an experience in which the patient deposits in the person of the analyst the origin of >all of his expectations and fears,< (p. 2) a much broader range of transferential reactions is taken into consid-eration. Some of these reactions may be traced to parental influence. Others may have origins that are broadly social, in which the parents' influence is based on be-ing representatives of societal norms, or parental roles may even be irrelevant. In this definition, transference is not just based on childhood experience, but repre-sents the whole experience of the patient's life. Mill{\´a}n points out that one of the limi-tations of psychoanalysis is that it is primarily based on the experience of working with clinical populations. Mill{\´a}n briefly reviews a series of social character studies that have been conducted in the last two decades in factories, in corporate environ-ments, and in rural communities with normal populations, and that have broadened our understanding of the process of social adaptation beyond the consulting room. According to Mill{\´a}n, these studies provide support for Fromm's more inclusive con-cept of transference.}, language = {en} }