@misc{Li, author = {Li, Biyan}, title = {To Have or to Be - >Song of Solomon< Black Way of Life, Master thesis [占有还是生存 - 对《所罗门之歌》中黑人生存方式的探讨], English Language and Literature, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China 2012 [Application of Fromm's theories to art].}, abstract = {Song of Solomon is the first African-American woman Nobel Prize laureate Morrison's representative novel. The Regard and wide Acclaim and catapults Morrison of its publication receives high into the ranks of the most revered contemporary writer The glamour of the novel, the author believes, lies most in Morrison's exploration of the mode of existence for contemporary African-Americans and even for contemporary mankind. As for this respect, few researches set foot in home and abroad and the research into the respect is attractive and worthy. The thesis thus studies the mode of existence in the novel. In >To Have or to Be<, Erich Fromm proposes his theory that people exist in one of two states: the having mode or the being mode. In the having mode, one is obsessive with material possession, acquisitiveness, power and aggression and such kind of existence yields evils such as greed, jealousy, and violence. In the being mode, one concentrates on sharing and engages in meaningful, creative, and productive activity as the mode is based on love. According to Fromm, the having mode would bring the world to the brink of psychological and ecological disaster and thereby he appeals people to live the being mode of life. The thesis combines Fromm's theory with the description of the state of life in the novel and aims at studying Morrison's thought on the option of the modes of existence. The thesis falls into three chapters.- The first chapter deals with the having mode of existence.- The second chapter handles with the being mode of existence.- The third chapter is mainly about the option between the two modes of existence. In all, the study on the mode of existence could not uncover the charm of the novel fully. But through the study, the life state and mode of African-Americans are fully revealed. Moreover, the study unveils Morrison's thought on African-Americans' future and destiny, that is, the having mode could distort blacks' life and soul and the best way for blacks is to live the being mode of life and treasure their cultural traditions and values; only in this way can African-Americans live better in America and find real happiness and meaning in their life.}, language = {zh} } @article{Li, author = {Li, Biyan}, title = {Explore the Way of Life of the Negro in >Song of Solomon< [《所罗门之歌》中黑人生存方式的探讨] [application of Fromm's theories to art]}, series = {Writer Magazine [作家], No. 6 (2013), pp. 44-45, 266.}, journal = {Writer Magazine [作家], No. 6 (2013), pp. 44-45, 266.}, abstract = {《所罗门之歌》是第一位非裔美国黑人女性诺贝尔文学奖得主托尼•莫里森的代表作。在这部作品中,作家从历史与现实的视角探讨了非裔美国黑人的生存方式以及美国黑人新生代的迷茫和最终的抉择。本文结合弗洛姆生存理论和小说文本,从生存方式入手来揭示小说蕴含的主题和意义。}, language = {zh} }