@article{Krause, author = {Krause, Rainer}, title = {The development of different selves on the basis of leading maternal affects: Metatheoretical, clinical and technical reflections}, series = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 1, 2021), pp. 022-033.}, journal = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 30 (No. 1, 2021), pp. 022-033.}, abstract = {In this article I will discuss, departing from the usual disintegration of the newborn's experiences, how one can model the integration of different forms of memory, sensory channels, and mode of representation of these early experiences. Based on the inborn semiotics of the affect system, I pursue the idea that the affect expression of the mother comprises the organizational nucleus of the child's future personality, and that the representational format of the very young child comprises the mother's faces and vocalizations. In the aftermath of parental projections, the baby is confronted with plenty of dominant affect expressions, for example contempt, disgust, anger, and fear. These act in contrast to happiness in terms of guiding the affect expression of secure attachment. Following Tomkins, I call these interaction schemes >emotional scripts< and demonstrate that they are carried on into adulthood. Here I launch and discuss four clinical vignettes that can be characterized as being governed by such an >emotional script.< I try to show that these scripts can be redrafted if the governing affect can be exchanged with a different one. These considerations have led to a revised form of the procedure called >splitting.< In addition, implications for treatment techniques are depicted.}, language = {en} } @article{Krause, author = {Krause, Rainer}, title = {An update on primary identification, introjection, and empathy}, series = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 19 (No. 3, 2010), pp. 138-143.}, journal = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 19 (No. 3, 2010), pp. 138-143.}, abstract = {This paper tries to follow the historical development of the ideas related to the term >primary identification.< It is shown that Freud's thinking regarding primary identification was developed around the phenomenon of mass suggestion, which was explained using the concept of identification with the leader, >primary identification,< and Einf{\"u}hlung. However, two false translations from Freud's German to English led to severe confusion in the subsequent literature. The most important one was that >Einf{\"u}hlung< was translated as >empathy.< It is shown that Freud meant by Einf{\"u}hlung something like affect contagion that was considered to be an inborn capacity to activate motoric patterns by just looking at the behavior of other human beings. This idea is a conceptual forerunner of mirror neurons. The activation of these is a prerequisite for empathy, but without separation between the self and the other, the attribution to which the feeling belongs is impossible. Kernberg, following Klein, uses the term >introjection< for the process of very early internalisations. We are proposing to discriminate interjections from identifications following Piaget's description of assimilation versus accommodation.}, language = {en} }