@article{LeonardiGazzilloDazzi, author = {Leonardi, Jessica and Gazzillo, Francesco and Dazzi, Nino}, title = {The adaptive unconscious in psychoanalysis}, series = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 4, 2022), pp. 201-217.}, journal = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 31 (No. 4, 2022), pp. 201-217.}, abstract = {This paper aims to emphasize the fundamental role of unconscious processes in our adaptation. We will point out how we are able to unconsciously perform higher mental functions such as setting goals and planning how to pursue them, dealing with complex data, and making choices and judgments. In the first part of this paper, we will describe the main features of conscious and unconscious processes as pointed out by recent empirical research studies, and we will see how safety is essential in pursuing our fundamental goals, and how unconscious mental processes are strongly oriented towards preserving our safety and pursuing these goals. Finally, we will discuss control-mastery theory (CMT), an integrative, relational, cognitive-dynamic theory of mental functioning, psychopathology, and psychotherapy processes developed by Joseph Weiss and empirically validated by Weiss, Harold Sampson, and the San Francisco Psychotherapy Research Group over the last 50 years. This conceptualizes unconscious processes starting from this >higher unconscious mental functioning< paradigm and, in accordance with research data, stresses that our main goal is to adapt to reality and pursue adaptive developmental goals while preserving our safety. Three clinical vignettes will help show how the concepts proposed by CMT have important implications for therapeutic process.}, language = {en} } @article{Gazzilloetal, author = {Gazzillo, Francesco and et al.,}, title = {Notes on some non-psychotic hypochondriacal states}, series = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 33 (No. 4, 2024), pp. 241-254.}, journal = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 33 (No. 4, 2024), pp. 241-254.}, abstract = {The aim of this paper is to propose a psychodynamic hypothesis based on control-mastery theory (CMT) about the self-punishment function of some non-psychotic hypochondriacal states. After a review of several major psychoanalytic hypotheses about hypochondria, we will show the main concepts of CMT, an integrative, relational, cognitive-dynamic theory of mental functioning, psychopathology, and therapeutic process that is the theoretical framework that has helped us understand and treat these states in our patients. We will then describe two clinical cases to show how some hypochondriacal states can be interpreted as self-punishments connected to three main kinds of guilt hypothesized by CMT: survivor guilt, burdening guilt, and separation/disloyalty guilt. Finally, we will discuss the implications of these hypotheses.}, language = {en} } @article{GazzilloLeonardi, author = {Gazzillo, Francesco and Leonardi, Jessica}, title = {Burdening guilt: Theoretical and clinical features}, series = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 33 (No. 2, 2024), pp. 039-050.}, journal = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 33 (No. 2, 2024), pp. 039-050.}, abstract = {The aim of this paper is to explore the theoretical and clinical features of burdening guilt according to control-mastery theory (CMT), an integrative, relational cognitive-dynamic theory of mental functioning, psychopathology, and psychotherapy. CMT posits that burdening guilt stems from the belief that one's emotions, needs, and way of being are a burden to significant others. After having introduced some research data about the belief of being a burden to others, we will point out how CMT explains this belief in light of a coherent theory of development, emphasizing its connection with early traumatic or adverse experiences with caregivers that give rise to the formation of pathogenic beliefs. These beliefs are mostly unconscious, and influence the way people make sense of themselves and their reality, giving rise to symptoms, inhibitions, and maladaptive personality traits that obstruct the achievement of healthy and adaptive goals. We will then compare burdening guilt with omnipotent responsibility guilt and self-hate, highlighting the points of contact and the differences between these types of interpersonal guilt. Subsequently, we will point out the >double nature< of burdening guilt, describing how it represents both a self-blame for what one is, and the expression of the need to take care of important others. Finally, we will propose a clinical vignette to illustrate some manifestations of burdening guilt in the therapeutic context.}, language = {en} }