@article{Chevalier, author = {Chevalier, Jacques M.}, title = {The Courage of Disobedience}, series = {The Ethics of Courage, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2023, pp. 401-424. [Online ISBN 978-3-031-32743-8] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32743-8_19]}, journal = {The Ethics of Courage, Cham (Palgrave Macmillan) 2023, pp. 401-424. [Online ISBN 978-3-031-32743-8] [doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32743-8_19]}, abstract = {Albert Camus, Emmanuel Levinas, Erich Fromm, Paulo Freire, and Mahatma Gandhi take issue, each in their own way, with the individualism and pessimism of Existentialist philosophy. They also question the ideological complacency and oversimplifications of social evolutionism. While these thinkers disagree on the role of God and rational thought in human affairs, they see courage as an important lever for resisting oppressive systems that undermine people's freedom, their capacity for self-affirmation, their hopes for lasting peace, and their sense of humanity and ethical responsibility. The critical and progressive stance they take on the ravages of modern-day authoritarianism, colonialism, and imperialism is a world away from Hitler's heinous call for the >courage of aggression< and the horrors that ensued.}, language = {en} }